Tilling work machine

Abstract

To provide a compact tilling work machine with reduced weight of a work machine frame and excellent adaptability to field (soil) conditions by simplifying the mounting, to the work machine frame, of disks used for tilling soil in fields and crushing tilled soil clods, and chisels, etc. for assisting the disks, and reviewing the attachment form of the chisels, etc.SOLUTION: Front and rear tool frames, being members of a work machine frame, are each formed by using a square pipe being long in a horizontal direction orthogonal to a working direction, and a large number of tilling units each include a bracket for mounting to the square pipe being long in the horizontal direction, and a clamp provided on the bracket is held by the square pipe and fastened by a bolt, so that the tilling unit is independently and detachably mounted at any position of the front or rear tool frame.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a tillage implement that is connected to a three-point hitch of a tractor and tills a field.

Background Art

[0002] The soil in a field where crops are cultivated is often trampled by people and agricultural machinery or beaten by rain during the growth of the crops, so the surface layer of the soil hardens and solidifies. Also, after harvesting the crops, stubble remains in the soil, crop residues such as crop stems and leaves remain on the soil surface (ground surface), compost is spread, or if no measures are taken, weeds will spread.

[0003] Therefore, when sowing or transplanting seedlings in such a field, first, by digging up or turning over the hard-packed soil to till (plow), stubble, crop residues, weeds, compost, etc. are buried in the soil so as not to become an obstacle to sowing or transplanting work. Also, by crushing the plowed soil clods to an appropriate size to soften the soil (soil crushing), it is necessary to improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil and prepare a soil environment suitable for the growth of crops.

[0004] And when performing tillage operations such as plowing and soil crushing of this soil using a working machine without relying on manual labor, after performing reverse plowing of the soil using a plowing machine such as a plow, a working machine responsible for soil crushing and intertillage such as a disk harrow or cultivator is used to crush the soil clods and eliminate irregularities to make it flat. Also, when there is annoyance in performing reverse plowing with a plow and then replacing the working machine with a disk harrow, etc. to perform soil crushing plowing, or when disliking deep plowing with a plow, it is generally common to use a rotary tillage device.

[0005] However, here, the rotary tiller rotates the tilling claws by the power of the engine mounted on the tractor, stirs the soil while crushing it, and tills the field. Therefore, although it has excellent soil crushing properties, due to the increase in tilling load associated with stirring, it is difficult to perform high-speed tilling operations with an increased vehicle speed of the tractor. The operator is forced to perform tilling operations at a low speed for a long time, resulting in poor work efficiency and high fuel costs.

[0006] On the other hand, the aforementioned disk harrow uses the weight of the working machine without using the power of the engine mounted on the tractor. It pierces the disk-shaped disk (disc) into the ground and tears (cuts and breaks) soil, cut stumps, etc. by towing this with a tractor. Therefore, it does not turn over the soil like a plow or stir the soil like a rotary tiller, so the tilling load can be minimized and high-speed operation is possible. There are advantages such as improvement of labor productivity by shortening the working time and saving on fuel costs.

[0007] Therefore, in view of such advantages, recently, attention has been paid to using the disk harrow, which has hitherto been mainly used in fields as a working machine for soil crushing tillage, as a tilling working machine for rough tillage of paddy fields and paddy field conversion fields. However, since the disk harrow is a working machine developed overseas where large-scale agriculture is carried out on vast farmlands, in Japan where the farmland area is narrow and intensive agriculture is practiced, the imported working machines from overseas are too large and difficult to handle in narrow fields, there are problems with adaptability to soils in various regions, and there is room for improvement.

[0008] Although there are not many patent applications for tilling working machines using disk harrows in Japan, they have been applied for a long time. For example, a compound working machine equipped with a front disk harrow, a cultivator, a rear disk harrow, and a cage roller on a rectangular frame connected to the hydraulic three-point link hitch of a tractor (see Patent Document 1), and a tilling working machine equipped with a subsoiler body, a disk plow row, and a soil crushing and compacting roller (see Patent Document 2) are known.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-225003 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-68528 [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

[0010] As described above, when using a disk harrow for tillage operations such as rough tillage of fields, the working efficiency can be improved by high-speed tillage operations, and fuel can be saved, leading to significant cost reduction. Also, if a relatively inexpensive small or medium-sized tractor is used as the tractor for the disk harrow, it is easy to handle even in fields with a small farmland area. Therefore, a disk harrow-type tillage implement that is connected to the three-point link provided at the rear of this tractor is developed.

[0011] By the way, as described above, the disk harrow uses the weight of the work implement frame that attaches the disk itself to pierce the disk into the ground, and by towing it with a tractor, it tills and crushes the soil of the field while tearing up the soil and stubble. Therefore, there is a problem that in fields with hard and compacted soil or fields with a lot of crop residues, it is difficult for the disk to pierce and it cannot be tilled deeply. Therefore, a chisel that assists the disk in piercing into the soil and suppresses its floating on the ground surface is provided on the work implement frame as a working means for assisting the disk.

[0012] Also, in the direct-mounted type combined working machine that forms a seeding bed by performing tillage, crushing, leveling, and compacting in one pass as described in Patent Document 1, a front disk harrow and a rear disk harrow are provided on a square frame that is connected to the hydraulic three-point link hitch of the tractor at the front, and a cultivator is provided between the front and rear disk harrows. And in this case, the cultivator is provided on the square frame as an auxiliary working means for further crushing the soil crushed by the front disk harrow.

[0013] Furthermore, in the tillage implement described in Patent Document 2, a subsoil furrowing plow body that furrows the subsoil layer, raises the subsoil, and discharges it to the ground surface, and a disk plow row that is disposed at the rear of the subsoil furrowing plow body, tills the topsoil layer, and mixes the subsoil lumps discharged to the ground surface by the subsoil furrowing plow body into the topsoil layer are provided. And, when viewed from the disk plow row, the subsoil furrowing plow body is provided on the frame of the tillage implement as auxiliary working means for suppressing its lifting.

[0014] Therefore, in a tillage implement that tills or crushes the soil in a field using a disk harrow, not only are a large number of disks of the disk harrow provided on the implement frame, but also auxiliary working means such as a chisel or cultivator having a soil crushing function, or a subsoil furrowing plow body having a subsoil furrowing function are provided together, so that the tillage work in the field can be performed more efficiently or more effectively.

[0015] On the other hand, a tractor that is connected to and towed by a three-point link provided at the rear of such a tillage implement uses a small or medium-sized tractor in consideration of the handling property in the field as described above. Therefore, if a tillage implement with an increased weight including auxiliary working means is connected to the three-point link provided at the rear, there is a risk of problems such as deterioration of the front-rear balance of the tractor and the tillage implement not being lifted due to insufficient hydraulic lifting force on the tractor side. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the overall weight of the tillage implement and make it into a compact implement.

[0016] Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention simplifies the attachment of a disk for tilling the soil in a field and a chisel for assisting this disk to the implement frame, and reviews the attachment form of auxiliary working means such as a chisel, thereby reducing the weight of the implement frame and providing a compact tillage implement that is also excellent in adaptability to the field (soil) condition. This is the problem that the invention aims to solve.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0017] In order to solve the above problems, the tillage implement of the present invention is first provided with a coupling portion at the front of the implement frame that is attached to a three-point hitch provided at the rear of a tractor, and a number of tillage units such as disks and chisels are provided on the implement frame. In the tillage implement for plowing or crushing the soil of a field, the front and rear tool frames formed by the members of the implement frame are each formed using angle pipes that are long in the left-right direction perpendicular to the working direction. On the other hand, the plurality of tillage units each include a bracket for attaching to the angle pipe that is long in the left-right direction, and by holding the clamp provided on this bracket against the angle pipe and tightening it with bolts, the tillage unit is detachably provided alone at an arbitrary position on the front or rear tool frame.

[0018] Secondly, the tillage implement of the present invention is characterized in that the disk unit provided on the tool frame includes a bracket for attaching a disk arm that rotatably supports a disk at the lower part via a spring mechanism. Further, thirdly, the chisel unit provided on the tool frame of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a bracket for vertically adjusting a crushing blade provided at the lower part of the shank.

[0019] Fourthly, the tillage implement of the present invention is characterized in that brackets of a number of disk units are arranged in the left-right direction at a predetermined pitch on the front and rear tool frames, and brackets of the chisel unit are provided on either the front tool frame or the rear tool frame, or on both the front and rear tool frames, at positions between adjacent brackets of the disk units.

[0020] Moreover, fifthly, the tillage implement of the present invention is characterized in that after removing the disk unit or the chisel unit from the tool frame, it is turned upside down and provided on the tool frame. Also, sixthly, the tillage implement of the present invention is characterized in that a number of disk units and several chisel units are distributed and provided on the front and rear tool frames.

Advantages of the Invention

[0021] According to the tillage implement of the present invention, in a tillage implement that includes a working machine frame having a coupling portion at its front for attachment to a three-point hitch provided at the rear of a tractor, and that is provided with a number of tillage units such as disks and chisels for cultivating or pulverizing the soil in a field, front and rear tool frames formed as members of the working machine frame are each formed using angle pipes that are long in the left-right direction perpendicular to the working direction. On the other hand, the number of tillage units each include a bracket for attachment to the angle pipe that is long in the left-right direction, and by holding a clamp provided on this bracket against the angle pipe and fastening it with bolts, the tillage units can be detachably provided individually at arbitrary positions on the front or rear tool frames.

[0022] Therefore, for example, tillage units of disks can be provided on the front and rear tool frames respectively, and tillage units such as chisels can be provided on another frame provided in front of the front tool frame like the subsoiler body described in Patent Document 2, or provided on another frame provided between the front and rear tool frames like the cultivator described in Patent Document 1, without the need to separately provide a frame for providing tillage units such as chisels on the working machine frame. Thus, tillage units such as disks and chisels can be provided together on the front and rear tool frames.

[0023] Therefore, there is no need to separately provide a frame for providing tillage units such as chisels on the working machine frame, so not only can the weight of the working machine be reduced, but also the length of the working machine frame in the front-rear direction can be suppressed to reduce the overhang to the rear side of the tractor, and it can be configured into a compact tillage implement with good handling performance without causing any hindrance to the raising and lowering of the tillage implement. Also, disks, chisels, etc. are configured as tillage units provided with brackets, and can be easily attached and provided at arbitrary positions on the front or rear tool frames using uniform clamps provided on the brackets.

[0024] Further, according to the tillage implement of the present invention, the disk unit provided on the tool frame is configured to include a bracket that rotatably attaches a disk arm with a disk rotatably provided at the lower part via an elastic mechanism. Therefore, the disk can be easily attached to and detached from the tool frame by improving the handling property as a structure that exhibits its function around the bracket. Such a disk bracket serves as a holding component of the elastic mechanism that is useful for preventing damage to the disk while mediating the attachment to the tool frame.

[0025] Furthermore, according to the tillage implement of the present invention, the chisel unit provided on the tool frame is configured to include a bracket that vertically adjusts a soil crushing blade provided at the lower part of the shank. Therefore, the chisel can be easily attached to and detached from the tool frame by improving the handling property as a structure that exhibits its function around the bracket. Such a chisel bracket serves as a component that is useful for vertically adjusting the soil crushing blade that is useful for adjusting the depth of the chisel while mediating the attachment to the tool frame.

[0026] And, according to the tillage implement of the present invention, a large number of brackets of the disk units are arranged in the left - right direction at a predetermined pitch on the front and rear tool frames, and a bracket of the chisel unit is provided on the front tool frame, the rear tool frame, or both the front and rear tool frames at a position between adjacent brackets of the disk units. Therefore, a large number of disks can be arranged side - by - side at a predetermined pitch on the front and rear sides to cultivate or crush the soil within the tillage width without leaving the soil, and the chisel can bite into the soil in front through between adjacent disks to stabilize the tillage depth of the disks.

[0027] In addition, if a chisel unit is provided on the front tool frame such that its soil-crushing blade faces, for example, close to the rear of the tractor wheels, the front tool frame or the working machine frame can be brought closer to the rear of the wheels to reduce its overhang, and the compacted soil in the wheel track can be broken and softened by the soil-crushing blade. Also, in the case of a crawler-type tractor instead of wheels, the rear part of the crawler in contact with the ground interferes with the soil-crushing blade of the chisel and cannot be provided on the front tool frame.

[0028] However, in such a case, by removing the chisel unit from the front tool frame and relocating it to the rear tool frame, interference with the crawler can be avoided and disk tillage can be assisted. Furthermore, when the penetration of the disk into the soil is poor, multiple chisel units can be provided on the front and rear tool frames to assist the penetration.

[0029] Also, according to the tillage working machine of the present invention, after removing the disk unit or the chisel unit from the tool frame and turning it upside down and installing it on the tool frame, for example, when the soil is clayey and hard-packed, after once removing the disk units provided on the left and right outermost sides of the front and rear tool frames, turning them upside down and then returning them to the original position of the tool frame and reinstalling them, the tillage width during operation decreases, but the overall weight of the tillage working machine remains the same, and by increasing the load on the remaining disks, the disks can be surely stabbed into the soil for tillage. Conversely, if it is sandy soil that is soft and swollen to the lower layer, the chisel unit is not necessary and can be stored in the tool frame after being turned upside down.

[0030] Furthermore, according to the tillage implement of the present invention, when a large number of disk units and several chisel units are distributed and provided on the front and rear tool frames, for example, in rough tillage of paddy fields or paddy field conversion fields, when it is desired to perform partial tillage instead of full tillage to improve weed control and drying in the field, several chisel units are provided on the front tool frame, and a large number of disk units are provided on the rear tool frame. By doing so, it is possible to produce tilled soil and untilled soil by disks and chisels and perform rougher tillage.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031]

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Embodiments for Carrying out the Invention

[0032] Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described based on the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the tillage implement 3 of the present invention that is connected (directly mounted) to the three-point link 2 (top link 2a, left and right lower links 2b, 2b) provided at the rear of the tractor 1 and tills the field as the tractor 1 moves forward includes a work implement frame 4 that is simplified in structure and lightened by using lightweight square steel pipes (square pipes).

[0033] More specifically, this work implement frame 4 includes left and right main frames 4a, 4b that are long in the front-rear direction that coincides with the forward travel direction (working direction) of the tractor 1 when performing tillage work, and front and rear tool frames 4c, 4d that are long in the left-right direction and are fixed to the upper surfaces of the left and right main frames 4a, 4b and are orthogonal to the working direction. It also includes left and right sub-frames 4e, 4f that are long in the front-rear direction and are fixed to the upper surfaces near the left and right ends of the front and rear tool frames 4c, 4d, and a connecting frame 4g that is in the left-right direction and connects the middle part near the rear of the left and right main frames 4a, 4b.

[0034] Then, a top link mast 5 and a support plate 6 formed by bending a steel plate are attached to the front part of the left and right main frames 4a, 4b of this work implement frame 4, and a top link pin 7 for connecting to the top link 2a is provided at the upper part of this top link mast 5. In addition, U-shaped link brackets 8 are respectively fixed to the front end faces of the left and right main frames 4a, 4b, and lower link pins 9 for connecting to the left and right lower links 2b are provided on these link brackets 8. Therefore, the tillage implement 3 provides a coupling part for attaching to the three-point link 2 provided at the rear of the tractor 1 at the front part of the work implement frame 4.

[0035] Incidentally, the disk 10 commonly used in a disk harrow is composed of a dish-shaped disk 10a having a concave curved surface. The outer peripheral edge 10b of this disk 10a is formed into a sharp cutting edge, and crop residues and the like can be cut by this cutting edge. Further, a large number (10) of arc-shaped notches 10c are provided in the outer peripheral edge 10b, and since such a disk 10 is easily pierced into the soil and rotates by itself, it is called a flower-shaped disk. Therefore, this disk harrow type tillage working machine 3 also uses this flower-shaped disk 10.

[0036] When tilling a field using such a flower-shaped disk 10, the concave curved surface of the disk 10 faces obliquely upward and is provided obliquely at a predetermined angle with respect to the tillage working direction which is the forward traveling direction of the tractor 1. Thus, the soil mass pierced by the disk 10 accumulates in the concave curved surface near the lower part. Further, this accumulated soil mass is lifted upward as the disk 10 makes contact with the ground and rotates due to the forward traveling of the tractor 1, and then is thrown laterally from the opened side of the curved surface.

[0037] Therefore, when a large number of disks 10 are arranged below the working machine frame 4 with the concave curved surfaces of the disks 10 aligned in the same left or right direction and at a predetermined interval L in the left-right direction, the soil masses and soil cultivated or crushed by these large number of disks 10 are thrown toward one side in the left-right direction orthogonal to the forward traveling direction of the tractor 1. Thus, the cultivated or crushed soil masses move entirely to that side. Therefore, a large number (9) of disks of the same number are arranged below the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d in the left-right direction, respectively, and the directions of the curved surfaces of the front and rear two rows of disk groups are made different from each other, such that the front row faces left and the rear row faces right.

[0038] When a large number of disks 10 are arranged in this way, the soil clods and soil that have moved to one side in the left-right direction by the front row of disk groups provided below the front tool frame 4c can be returned to the original other side by the rear row of disk groups provided below the rear tool frame 4d. Also, in this case, if the disks 10 of the rear row of disk groups are arranged so as to face the rear of the space between adjacent disks 10 of the front row of disk groups, the virgin land that could not be tilled or crushed by the front row of disk groups can be tilled or crushed by the rear row of disk groups.

[0039] The basic arrangement form of the large number of disks 10 provided below the working machine frame 4 has been described above. Next, regarding the specific mounting structure of such disks 10 to the working machine frame 4, as shown in FIG. 5, a disk mounting shaft is fastened with nuts to the lower part of a disk arm 11 formed by bending a steel plate into a substantially triangular shape, and a holder case 12 that is rotatably mounted on this disk mounting shaft via a bearing is attached. Also, the disks 10 are each attached to this holder case 12 with bolts, and the disks 10 are rotatably attached to the disk arm 11.

[0040] The disk arm 11 is attached to the tool frames 4c and 4d via disk brackets 13. This disk bracket 13 includes left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b, and a corner clamp 14 formed by a receiving fitting 14a and a lid fitting 14b that are substantially L-shaped is welded and provided on the front surfaces of the left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b. The corner clamp 14 holds predetermined portions of the tool frames 4c and 4d with its fittings 14a and 14b, and by fastening the fittings 14a and 14b to each other with bolts 14c, the disk bracket 13 can be firmly fastened to the tool frames 4c and 4d.

[0041] Further, the upper part of the disk arm 11 is inserted between the left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b of the disk bracket 13 near the lower part, and the disk arm 11 is attached to the disk bracket 13 so as to be rotatable back and forth using the fulcrum bolt 15 and the nut. Further, a compression coil spring (elastic mechanism) 16 is mounted between a dish-shaped spring receiver 13c fixed near the upper part of the left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b and a dish-shaped spring receiver 11a provided near the upper part of the disk arm 11. If the disk 10 contacts an obstacle such as a stone, the disk arm 11 retreats and rotates while compressing the compression coil spring 16 to prevent damage to the disk 10.

[0042] Therefore, summarizing the above, the disk unit (tilling unit) as a single unit for tilling or crushing the soil in the field is configured to include a disk bracket 13 that attaches a disk arm 11 rotatably provided with a disk 10 at the lower part via an elastic mechanism 16. Further, this disk unit is provided with disk brackets 13 for attaching to a long angle pipe in the left-right direction, and by holding the angle clamps 14 provided on this bracket on the angle pipes of the tool frames 4c and 4d and tightening with bolts, the disk unit can be detachably provided alone at an arbitrary position on the front or rear tool frames 4c and 4d.

[0043] Next, the chisel 17 for assisting the tilling work by the front and rear disk groups will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, this chisel 17 includes a crushing blade 18 that bites into the soil layer S and raises the soil to create voids and soften it, and a shank 19 that positions the crushing blade 18 below the work machine frame 4. Among these, the crushing blade 18 includes a blade body 18a formed by forming the tip of a steel plate into an acute blade part and projecting it in the left-right direction from the tip to the rear end to form a substantially V shape, and an elongated handle body 18b is welded and fixed to the upper surface of this blade body 18a so as to face in the vertical direction.

[0044] Further, the shank 19 is formed of an elongated steel plate similar to the handle body 18b of the soil crushing blade 18. Two holes with different diameters are drilled in the lower part of the shank 19 and the upper part of the handle body 18b respectively. Then, by overlapping the lower part of the shank 19 and the upper part of the handle body 18b in the left - right direction and fastening them with nuts through bolts b1 and b2 having different diameters in their respective holes, the chisel 17 is completed. In addition, the soil crushing blade 18 that has bitten into the soil layer S and worn out can be easily removed from the shank 19 and replaced with a new soil crushing blade 18.

[0045] Furthermore, if the small - diameter bolt b2 for attaching the soil crushing blade 18 to the aforementioned shank 19 is made into a shear bolt that breaks when an excessive impact force is applied when the soil crushing blade 18 hits an obstacle such as a rock, the soil crushing blade 18 can be retracted and rotated backward around the large - diameter bolt b1 to prevent damage to the soil crushing blade 18. Also, for the soil crushing blade 18 of the chisel 17 configured as described above, a resistor 20 formed of a steel plate having a substantially vertical plate surface that is obliquely intersecting with the direction in which the chisel 17 advances in the soil is welded and provided across the upper surface of the blade body 18a and the side surface near the front lower part of the handle body 18b. The straight - running performance of the tractor 1 can be improved by the component force of the tillage resistance acting on this resistor 20.

[0046] When installing the chisel 17 configured as described above below the front part of the working machine frame 4, a chisel bracket 21 is attached to the tool frame 4c on the front side of the working machine frame 4. This chisel bracket 21 is formed by front and rear reinforcing members (not shown) welded between the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b. On the front surfaces of the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b, a uniform corner clamp 14 (the same component as the corner clamp provided on the disk bracket 13) composed of a receiving fitting 14a and a lid fitting 14b in a substantially L - shape is welded and provided.

[0047] Therefore, the angle clamp 14 can firmly fasten the chisel bracket 21 to the front tool frame 4c by holding a predetermined position of the front tool frame 4c with its metal fittings 14a and 14b and fastening the metal fittings 14a and 14b to each other with bolts 14c. Further, by passing the shank 19 of the chisel 17 between the left and right mounting plates 21a and 21b of the chisel bracket 21 and inserting a pin 22 through any one of the two holes drilled near the upper part of the shank 19 and one hole drilled in the middle part of the shank 19 and the holes drilled in the left and right mounting plates 21a and 21b and preventing it from coming off with an R-pin 23, the chisel 17 can be attached to the tilling work position or the hard disk (cultivated disk) crushing position.

[0048] In this case, the shank 19 can rotate back and forth around the pin 22, but the front surface near the upper part of the shank 19 abuts against the rear surface of the metal fitting 14a of the angle clamp 14, or the rear surface near the upper part of the shank 19 abuts against the rear reinforcing body welded between the left and right mounting plates 21a and 21b, preventing its back-and-forth rotation. And the chisel 17 attached to the tilling work position in this way has the upper part of its shank 19 located near the rear surface of the front tool frame 4c, and the tip of the soil crushing blade 18 is in a forward-downward working posture located between the rear wheels of the tractor 1 and the front row of disk groups.

[0049] Also, by removing the aforementioned pin 22, pulling up the shank 19 upward while guiding it along the rear reinforcing body, and attaching the removed pin 22 through the middle hole h of the shank 19, the chisel 17 can be held in the storage position where no work is performed. Therefore, when the tilling work implement 3 provided at the foremost part with the chisel 17 is lifted by the hydraulic lifting cylinder of the three-point link provided on the tractor 1 and when crossing ridges or furrows or moving forward, pulling up the chisel 17 and fixing it in the storage position where its lower end is located higher than the lower end of the disk group, it is possible to pass through ridges and furrows without destroying them or prevent damage to the soil crushing blade 18 due to an unexpected contact with an obstacle.

[0050] Furthermore, when the chisel 17 tills the field in the aforementioned tilling operation posture, it is provided on the tool frame 4c on the front side of the working machine frame 4 together with the front row of disk groups. In particular, since no dedicated frame for attaching the chisel 17 is provided, the front-to-rear length of the working machine frame 4 is kept short to ensure maneuverability in a narrow field. And what is particularly important is that the blade body 18a of the soil crushing blade 18 is provided in a front-low rear-high state, and the soil crushing blade 18 is provided with a forward downward inclination.

[0051] That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the soil crushing blade 18 (blade body 18a) that is inclined forward downward of the chisel 17 penetrates into the soil formation layer S and advances ahead of the disk group during the tilling operation. Therefore, it receives the tilling resistance R from the front to the rear. And in this case, on the blade body 18a that is inclined in a front-low rear-high state, a substantially downward component force F of the tilling resistance orthogonal to the inclined upper surface acts. Therefore, this component force F acts as an assisting force for the front and rear disk groups attached to the tool frames 4c and 4d of the same working machine frame 4 to make the disks 10 penetrate deeply into the soil.

[0052] Also, when the left and right chisels 17 and the front and rear disk groups sink into the soil formation layer S due to the self-weight of these tilling working machines 3 and the assisting force of the chisels 17 and reach a predetermined tilling depth, a roller 24, which will be described later, provided at the rear of the working machine frame 4 comes into contact with the ground, preventing further sinking of the chisels 17 and the disk groups in the soil formation layer S. Thus, the operator can operate the tilling depth adjustment handle 25 of the screw type telescopic device to till the soil of the field at a preset tilling depth.

[0053] Furthermore, when tilling the field in this way, there is a problem that when the tractor 1 running at high speed pitches due to obstacles such as unevenness and stones in the field and the working machine frame 4 connected to the rear jumps up, the tilling depth becomes shallow and stable tilling cannot be performed. However, in this case, the floating of the soil crushing blade 18 is prevented by the soil mass riding on the blade body 18a of the chisel 17. Therefore, the floating of the disk group on the soil surface is suppressed, and the set tilling depth can be stably maintained.

[0054] And, in order for the penetration depth (depth) of the chisel 17 into the soil layer S for soil formation to be approximately the same as the tillage depth of the disk group, it is possible to suppress an increase in the working load due to the combined use of the chisel 17. Also, the chisels 17 attached to the front tool frame 4c are provided with their crushing blades 18 spaced apart left and right so as to be positioned on the rear extension lines of the left and right front wheels and rear wheels of the tractor 1. Thus, the compacted hard soil in the track of the tractor 1 performing the tillage operation is crushed and softened by the crushing blades 18 of the chisels 17, so that tillage and soil crushing can be performed without overloading the subsequent disk group with this soil.

[0055] Note that when the chisel 17 is lowered below the tillage working position and attached to the hardpan crushing position, cracks are made in the hardpan (tillage pan) layer compacted by the tractor 1 or the like, or the subsoil layer below the soil formation layer, to secure water channels, thereby improving the drainage and permeability of the field. Also, in addition to the aforementioned tillage working position and hardpan crushing position, more attachment heights of the chisel 17 may be provided. For example, if the tillage load is large, the attachment height of the chisel 17 can be increased to reduce the load.

[0056] Therefore, summarizing the above, the chisel unit (tillage unit) as a single unit for assisting the tillage operation is configured to include a chisel bracket 21 provided with a crushing blade 18 provided at the lower part of the shank 19 so as to be vertically adjustable. Also, this chisel unit includes a chisel bracket 21 for attaching to a long angle pipe in the left-right direction, and by holding the angle clamp 14 provided on this bracket against the angle pipes of the tool frames 4c and 4d and tightening with bolts, the chisel unit can be detachably provided alone at an arbitrary position of the front or rear tool frames 4c and 4d.

[0057] Next, regarding the roller 24 provided behind the aforementioned work machine frame 4, this roller 24 further crushes and cuts into finer pieces and pulverizes soil lumps, soil, or crop residues tilled or crushed by the front and rear disk groups and the chisel 17. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the roller 24 first includes a roller frame 26 formed of a steel pipe and long in the left-right direction.

[0058] And roller arms 27 formed of steel plates are attached to the left and right ends of the roller frame 26. Further, holes are drilled in the lower portions of the left and right roller arms 27, and a shaft with a bearing mounted therein is inserted through the holes and attached with nuts. Furthermore, a roller 24 is bolted to a housing 28 rotatably provided on this shaft via a bearing, and finally the roller 24 is rotatably attached to the roller arm 27.

[0059] In addition, the roller 24 rotatably provided on the roller arm 27 in this way includes a disk 29 formed of several (five in the embodiment) steel plates arranged side by side in the left - right direction with a space therebetween. A crushing body 30 formed of a steel plate that is long in the left - right direction and has corrugated irregularities at its tip is welded and fixed to several (ten in the embodiment) notches formed on the outer peripheral edge of the disk 29, and is formed into a cylindrical roller 24 as a whole.

[0060] Note that the above - mentioned crushing body 30 is provided on the outer peripheral edge of the disk 29 with a slight forward angle in the rotation direction of its own plate surface in order to crush and cut soil clods, crop residues, etc. to make them easier to crush. In addition, the disk 29 is provided with a central hole 29a and six holes 29b surrounding the hole 29a, so that soil clods, crop residues, etc. that enter the inside of the roller 24 collide with the peripheral edges of the holes 29a and 29b, and together with the long crushing body 30, they are configured to be crushed more finely.

[0061] And the roller 24 configured as described above is attached to the rear part of the working machine frame 4 using a screw - type telescopic device so as to be vertically rotatably adjustable so that the tillage depth can be adjusted. That is, a U - shaped mounting plate 31 that opens rearward is welded and fixed to the upper surfaces of the rear ends of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b. The roller frame 26 is inserted into the mounting plate 31 from the rear, and a pressing plate 32 that bolts the rear surface side of the roller frame 26 to the mounting plate 31 is used to prevent it from coming off. Thereby, the roller 24 is attached to the rear ends of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b so as to be vertically rotatable about the U - shaped portion of the mounting plate 31.

[0062] Also, two mounting plates 33 are welded and fixed facing each other at the center of the roller frame 26 in the left - right direction, and two mounting plates 34 are also welded and fixed facing each other at the center of the connecting frame 4g in the left - right direction. Then, a connecting shaft 35 is rotatably provided on the mounting plate 33 of the roller frame 26, and a connecting pin 36 is rotatably provided on the mounting plate 34 of the connecting frame 4g. A screw - type telescopic device 37 formed by screwing a screw shaft rod and an adjustment pipe is provided between this connecting shaft 35 and the connecting pin 36.

[0063] Therefore, when the above - mentioned tillage depth adjustment handle 25 is rotated forward and backward, the screw - type telescopic mechanism 37 changes the core - to - core length between the front - side connecting pin 36 and the rear - side connecting shaft 35, and the roller 24 can be adjusted to rotate up and down with respect to the working machine frame 4. Also, during the tillage operation, the roller 24 contacts the soil surface tilled by the front - and - rear disk groups and the like, preventing further descent of the working machine frame 4 connected to the tractor 1. Thus, the tillage depth of the front - and - rear disk groups and the like provided below the working machine frame 4 can be adjusted by the up - and - down rotation adjustment of the roller 24.

[0064] Next, an explanation will be given of the deflector plate 38 provided to prevent the ridge - like ground swelling caused by the soil lumps and soil thrown outward in the left - right direction when the front - and - rear disk groups of the tillage working machine 3 plow or crush the soil. That is, the deflector plate 38 is formed of a steel plate into a substantially wing - like shape, and is bent slightly inward near its rear part to adjust the deflection direction (discharge direction) of the soil lumps and soil.

[0065] Also, the deflector plate 38 is rotatably mounted via its fulcrum bolt 40 on a mounting frame 39 inserted and fixed in the angle pipes of the tool frames 4c and 4d, so that it can exert its function regardless of the depth of tillage in the tillage operation of the disk group. When it abuts against a stopper 41 provided on the mounting frame 39, further downward rotation of itself is disabled, preventing damage to the deflector plate 38 during non - working times.

[0066] And the deflector plate 38 configured as described above is provided on the outer side of the disk 10 provided on the leftmost side of the disk group in the front row of the disk groups, and on the outer side of the disk 10 provided on the rightmost side of the disk group in the rear row of the disk groups. Therefore, the lumps of soil and soil discarded by the disk 10 provided on the leftmost side of the front row of disk groups are blocked by the deflector plate 38, preventing the formation of ridge-like ground elevations on the left outer side beyond the cultivated land tilled by the front and rear row of disk groups.

[0067] Also, the lumps of soil and soil discarded by the disk 10 provided on the rightmost side of the rear row of disk groups are blocked by the deflector plate 38, preventing the formation of ridge-like ground elevations on the left outer side beyond the cultivated land tilled by the front and rear row of disk groups. Therefore, there will be no elevation of the lumps of soil and soil discarded by the disk 10 on the cultivated field after tilling, and moreover, the cultivated land that has been plowed or pulverized can be evenly leveled and beautifully finished over its entire surface by the roller 24.

[0068] As described above, the overall structure of the disk harrow type tillage implement has been explained. Now, regarding the main features of this tillage implement 3, first, a large number of disk brackets 13 (angle clamps 14) are arranged in the left-right direction at a predetermined pitch on the front and rear tool frames 4c, 4d, and the chisel brackets 21 (angle clamps 14) are provided on either the front tool frame 4c or the rear tool frame 4d, or on both the front and rear tool frames, positioned between adjacent disk brackets 13. Thus, a large number of disks 10 can be arranged in the front and rear at a predetermined pitch to plow or pulverize the soil within the tillage width without leaving any soil, and the chisel 17 can penetrate into the soil in front through the space between adjacent disks 10 to stabilize the tillage depth of the disks 10.

[0069] In addition, if a chisel unit is provided on the front tool frame 4c such that its soil-crushing blade 18 faces, for example, close to the rear of the wheel of the tractor 1, the compacted soil in the wheel rut can be broken and softened by the soil-crushing blade 18. Further, in the tractor 1 with the rear wheels being crawler-type semi-rollers instead of wheels, as shown in FIG. 6, the rear grounded part of the crawler interferes with the soil-crushing blade 18 of the chisel 17, and thus it cannot be provided on the front tool frame 4c.

[0070] However, in such a case, by removing the chisel unit from the front tool frame 4c and relocating it to the rear tool frame 4d, interference with the crawler can be avoided, and tilling by the disk 10 can be assisted in the same manner as before. Further, when the penetration of the disk 10 into the soil is poor, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, by increasing the number of chisel units on the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d, for example, from 2 to 4 or more, the penetration of the disk 10 into the soil can be facilitated.

[0071] Further, after removing the disk unit or the chisel unit from the tool frames 4c and 4d, the tillage implement 3 can invert the disk 10 or the soil-crushing blade 18 of the chisel unit so that they face upward, and then attach the respective brackets 13 and 21 to the corner pipes of the tool frames 4c and 4d using the corner clamps 14.

[0072] Therefore, when the soil in the field is very hard and compact, such as clayey soil, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, after temporarily removing the disk units provided on the left and right outermost sides of the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d, inverting them and then reinstalling them at the original positions of the tool frames 4c and 4d, although the tillage width during operation decreases, the overall weight of the tillage implement 3 remains the same, and by increasing the load on each remaining disk 10, the disk 10 can be surely inserted into the soil for tillage. Conversely, when the chisel unit is not required in sandy soil that is soft and swollen to the lower layer, the chisel unit can be inverted and stored in the tool frames 4c and 4d.

[0073] Furthermore, the tillage implement 3 can distribute and provide a number of disk units and several chisel units to the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d. Therefore, when performing partial tillage instead of full tillage in rough tillage of paddy fields or paddy field conversion fields to improve weed control and drying of the field, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, several chisel units are provided on the front tool frame 4c, and a number of disk units are provided on the rear tool frame 4d. By doing so, the tilled soil locations by the disks 10 and chisels 17 and the soil locations where neither of them tills can be alternately generated in the left - right direction to perform rougher tillage.

[0074] Note that a roller 24 is provided behind the implement frame 4 as described above to further finely crush and cut into powder the soil clods, soil, or crop residues tilled or crushed by the front and rear disk groups and chisels 17. However, depending on the tillage speed and soil conditions, the crushing property and compaction property of this roller 24 may be insufficient, and the tillage operation may have to be redone.

[0075] Therefore, to solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 16, by deeply or shallowly fitting and welding the crushing bodies 30 into the notches formed on the outer peripheral edge of the disk 29, the crushing bodies 30a and 30b with different protrusion amounts from the outer peripheral edge of the disk 29 are alternately provided in the circumferential direction. When using the roller 24 with a slightly modified form of this configuration, when the crushing bodies 30a and 30b pierce into the soil and stir, the roller 24 moves up and down, improving the crushing property. Also, since the crushing bodies 30a and 30b come into contact with the soil surface at a large number (from the conventional 2 to newly 3) at one time to compact the soil surface, the compaction property is improved, and it is possible to eliminate the need to redo the tillage operation.

[0076] The embodiments for carrying out the present invention have been described above. However, the tillage units provided on the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d that form members of the work implement frame 4 together with the disk unit may be cultivators, subsoil breakers, or tines for soil crushing instead of the chisels 17. Alternatively, if the field is relatively soft, tillage work can also be performed by providing only the disk unit on the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d.

[0077] Also, the corner pipes of the front and rear tool frames 4c and 4d are formed using the same material with a square shape, the same wall thickness, and the same side angles both front and rear. However, they may be formed using materials with slightly different sizes. Also, even for the corner clamps 14, the width may vary slightly depending on the tillage unit. Furthermore, when using flat clamps instead of corner clamps, the tool frames 4c and 4d can also be configured using rectangular corner pipes, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiments for implementation.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0078] 1 Tractor 3 Tillage implement 4 Work implement frame 4c Front tool frame 4d Rear tool frame 10 Disk (tillage unit) 13 Disk bracket (bracket) 14 Corner clamp (clamp) 17 Chisel (tillage unit) 21 Chisel bracket (bracket) 24 Roller

Claims

1. In a tillage implement that includes a working implement frame having a coupling portion at its front for attachment to a three-point hitch provided at the rear of a tractor, and that is provided with a plurality of tillage units such as disks and chisels for cultivating or pulverizing the soil of a field, the front and rear tool frames formed by the members of the working implement frame are each formed using angle pipes that are long in the left-right direction perpendicular to the working direction. On the other hand, the plurality of tillage units each include a bracket for attachment to the angle pipes that are long in the left-right direction, and by holding the clamp provided on this bracket against the angle pipe and tightening it with bolts, the tillage units are detachably provided individually at arbitrary positions on the front or rear tool frames. A tillage implement characterized by this.

2. The disk unit provided on the tool frame is configured to include a bracket for attaching a disk arm that rotatably supports a disk at the lower part via an elastic mechanism. The tillage implement according to Claim 1, characterized by this.

3. The chisel unit provided on the tool frame is configured to include a bracket for vertically adjustably providing a soil pulverizing blade provided at the lower part of the shank. The tillage implement according to Claim 1, characterized by this.

4. A plurality of brackets of disk units are arranged in the left-right direction at a predetermined pitch on the front and rear tool frames, and a bracket of a chisel unit is provided on the front tool frame, the rear tool frame, or both the front and rear tool frames at a position between adjacent brackets of the disk units. The tillage implement according to Claim 1, characterized by this.

5. After removing the disk unit or the chisel unit from the tool frame, it is turned upside down and provided on the tool frame. The tillage implement according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterized by this.

6. A plurality of disk units and several chisel units are distributed and provided on the front and rear tool frames. The tillage implement according to Claim 1, characterized by this.

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