Solid nuclear fusion step for element conversion

Abstract

To produce elements which are rare and difficult to be available for industry by element conversion so as to reach a practical level, using resonance excitation type normal temperature nuclear fusion (solid nuclear fusion).SOLUTION: A solid nuclear fusion reaction is promoted in hydrogen-containing metal 1 using a capacitor composed of the hydrogen-containing metal 1 and a counter electrode 2 as an electron accelerator and high energy electrons of 0.78 MeV or more generated in LC resonance. At that time, element conversion is performed by neutron bond chain reaction and β collapse, so that an industrially available amount of desired elements are obtained.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a solid nuclear fusion process for element conversion using a resonance excitation type solid nuclear fusion device.

Background Art

[0002] Alchemy has been studied since ancient times with the goal of converting low-value elements such as lead into rare and high-value elements such as gold, but ultimately it was not successful. However, it has contributed to the development of chemistry. In the 20th century, the structure of the atom was elucidated, and alchemy became theoretically possible. However, in terms of productivity and cost, the economic efficiency is low. In addition, alchemy is element conversion in a broad sense, and it has also been proposed to use it for converting harmful elements such as radioactive elements into harmless or low-toxicity elements. In this case, the cost conditions are relaxed, but high productivity is desirable.

[0003] Patent Document 1 is a patent for generating radioactive elements useful in medicine and industry and detoxifying long half-life elements of nuclear waste by element conversion by neutron irradiation from a neutron source. These are cases where a certain degree of high cost is acceptable, and the amount of element conversion is determined by the amount of radioactive substance in the neutron source. Generally, they are not suitable for large-scale production and processing.

[0004] Patent Document 2 is a patent for detoxifying radioactive iodine by element conversion. Specifically, a mixed gas of deuterium iodide and deuterium is permeated by a pressure difference on both sides of a Pd substrate, and element conversion is performed inside the Pd substrate. The element conversion is carried out by cold nuclear fusion by iodine and deuterium, but since it does not have a special nuclear fusion promotion mechanism, the reaction rate is considered to be slow.

[0005] The reaction mechanism of cold fusion has not yet been elucidated, and various theories have been proposed. However, cold fusion is a condensed matter nuclear reaction or a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR), and the current mainstream theory is that it occurs through unknown quantum reactions. However, as a result of various investigations and verification of past literature by the present inventor, a conclusion different from the current mainstream has been reached, that is, cold fusion is a high energy nuclear reaction and falls within the scope of ordinary nuclear physics and solid state physics.

[0006] The principle of cold fusion considered by the present inventor is based on Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2. Non-Patent Document 1 is what is called the Trapped Neutron Catalyzed Fusion Model (TNCF) by Professor Hideo Kojima. It is that the nuclear fusion reaction starts with background thermal neutrons floating around, and the trapped metastable neutron group generated in the solid serves as a catalyst for the progress of the nuclear fusion reaction. The involvement of background thermal neutrons is considered correct from the experimental facts he pointed out, but the present inventor, who is not an expert, thinks that the model of the trapped metastable neutron group is somewhat uncomfortable and ultimately could not obtain a large number of consents.

[0007] Non-Patent Document 2 is called the SWL (Srivastava-Widom-Larsen) theory after the names of the researchers. It is that neutrons generated by the combination of protons and electrons by high energy cosmic ray particles become the reaction starting point. The present inventor thinks it is very regrettable that they did not mention the famous first cold fusion experiment in the world in 1989 by Professors Fleischmann and Pons of Non-Patent Document 3. If they had considered the 1989 experiment, the SWL theory should have been widely recognized generally as the principle of cold fusion.

[0008] Non-Patent Document 4 details the situation just before Non-Patent Document 3 was published. In 1988, Professor Fleischmann et al. submitted a budget application for cold fusion to the US Department of Energy. However, Professor Jones, who was in charge of the review, claimed that he was also conducting similar research. On February 23, 1989, Professor Jones announced that he had data that could be published in a paper, which shocked Professor Fleischmann et al. It can be inferred that Professor Fleischmann et al. did not yet have epoch-making experimental results at that time. On March 6, 1989, the two parties held talks at the University of Utah. On March 24, they made an unexpected agreement for Professor Fleischmann et al. to simultaneously submit a paper on cold fusion to the same journal, suggesting that epoch-making data was still lacking. Since the submission date of Non-Patent Document 3 was March 11, if the epoch-making experimental results of Non-Patent Document 3 were true, it was expected that the measurements were taken between March 6 and March 11.

[0009] Examining the solar activity data during that period revealed that it was the best historical condition for cold fusion. That is, on March 6, a huge X15.0 flare occurred on the sun. As a result of a coronal mass ejection on the sun on March 9, a severe magnetic storm occurred on Earth on March 13, and abnormal cosmic rays that caused a major power outage in Quebec, Canada, hit the Earth directly. The solar flare at this time was also at the top level in the history of observations as of 2025. As a result of such radiation pouring down on the North American continent, the inventor believes that a cold fusion reaction occurred that was intense enough to melt the Pd cathode (Pd melting point 1555°C). In addition, Non-Patent Document 3 has evidence indicating the existence of neutrons in cold fusion. The measured 2.2 MeV γ-ray peak is the value when a proton and a neutron combine to form a deuteron, suggesting the presence of a large amount of neutrons and protons in the Pd cathode. It also simultaneously suggests that a large amount of deuterium nuclear fission proceeded within the Pd cathode due to cosmic rays.

[0010] If the above prediction is correct, it is natural that the reproducibility of subsequent replication experiments by others after the publication of Non-Patent Document 3 is poor. Since the replication experiment was conducted some time after the event, abnormal radiation such as that from March 6th to March 13th, 1989 was not emitted from the sun, and the output of cold fusion was extremely weak. As a result, it is thought that Professor Fleischmann et al. were called fraudsters. If as predicted, this discovery was made at a historically miraculous timing, and if this opportunity had been missed, it is impossible to imagine when the cold fusion phenomenon would have come to be noticed. Therefore, the inventor believes that their discovery should be praised as a miraculous feat. Also, here, it is important to emphasize that cosmic rays, especially those originating from the sun, are an important factor for cold fusion.

[0011] According to Non-Patent Document 5, in June 1990, Professor Mizuno confirmed that the operation of the electrolysis cell had a 24-hour cycle, with the temperature reaching a maximum during the day and the heat output increasing. He thought it was the influence of cosmic rays but did not investigate further. Considering that the cosmic rays from the sun were the cause and investigating the solar flare situation in Non-Patent Document 3, it is thought that it was a great pity that the principle of cold fusion might have been elucidated in 1990.

[0012] As described above, in normal cold fusion, the intensity of cosmic rays from the sun is mainly considered important for the nuclear reaction output. The inventor predicts that if the electrolysis of light water using a Pd cathode is carried out under radiation such as Co60 (~1.25 MeV - γ rays), it will be possible to artificially reproduce the abnormal heat output as in Non-Patent Document 3. Note that in the electrolysis of light water, radiation of 0.78 MeV or more is sufficient, while in the case of heavy water, high-energy particles of 2.2 MeV or more are required, so the difficulty should increase.

[0013] Moreover, Jupiter generates more energy inside than the radiative heat received from the Sun. Since Jupiter is a planet mainly composed of hydrogen and cosmic rays are also radiated from the Sun, its internally generated energy is highly likely to be due to cold fusion. The conventional theory of adiabatic compression heat is strange because it has been in an adiabatic state for billions of years since Jupiter's birth. Given Jupiter's rotation period of 9.93 hours, adiabatic expansion cooling due to centrifugal force is actually more likely. Furthermore, considering the growth of the main sequence where hydrogen is incorporated and stars progress to Jupiter-sized, dwarf, and giant stars, the process where cold fusion proceeds in small stars like Jupiter to produce D, T, He, and Li and prepare for thermonuclear fusion, and then thermonuclear fusion starts from the size of red dwarfs, is considered seamless and natural.

[0014] In Non-Patent Document 6, nuclear fusion was confirmed by irradiating γ-rays on deuterium compounds of Ti or Er. The inventor believes this is direct evidence that cold fusion is a high-energy nuclear reaction.

[0015] Starting from the historically important experiments in Non-Patent Document 3 and their relation to solar-derived cosmic rays and radiation, multiple pieces of evidence have been shown that cold fusion is a nuclear reaction with high-energy particles as the excitation source. As a result of the inventor's confirmation that other various cold fusion experimental results can be explained by ordinary physics rather than unknown quantum reactions, the inventor believes that cold fusion is a high-energy nuclear reaction caused by cosmic rays and radiation and is a subject to be discussed in ordinary nuclear physics and solid-state physics.

[0016] Based on the above, the name "cold fusion" gives people a special impression full of romance, so the inventor believes it is not appropriate as an official name. Therefore, the inventor has started using the term "solid (internal) fusion" instead of "cold fusion". Moreover, as the excitation source of solid fusion, among various radiations, high-energy electrons (β -It is considered optimal. First, since it has a negative charge, it easily reacts with the atomic nucleus and is a two-particle process, so it is extremely advantageous for neutron formation. Compared with γ-rays and neutron rays, it has high absorption performance, and with an ordinary metal casing, the safety is so high that radiation protection is not particularly required. It is also because by using an electron accelerator without using radioactive substances, an irradiation intensity far exceeding that of radioactive substances can be achieved, which is extremely effective for increasing the fusion output.

[0017] Here, the characteristics of solid-state fusion (cold fusion) will be described. When hydrogen in lattice vibration at an occlusion site in a metal crystal is excited by high-energy particles of 0.78 MeV or more and becomes neutrons, the initial momentum vector is that of phonons, and its direction is the reciprocal lattice vector direction. Therefore, it will collide with metal atomic nuclei or hydrogen atomic nuclei (protons) in the crystal lattice with a 100% probability and cause nuclear fusion. Briefly stated, if the atomic nucleus that was vibrating in the lattice becomes a neutron and moves freely, it is easy to collide and fuse with adjacent atomic nuclei. This is the reason why almost no neutrons are detected in solid-state fusion. In Non-Patent Document 3, almost no neutrons are detected outside the Pd cathode, and in the experiments of Professor Fleischmann et al., it was concluded that no nuclear fusion occurred, which the inventor believes is one of the reasons for the suspicion of fabricating the experimental results. Also, the situation where neutrons generated within the metal crystal collide with atomic nuclei within the metal with a 100% probability is similar to the magic bullet (Freikugel) of the German "Der Freischütz", and it could be called the Freikugel effect.

[0018] Here, considering the behavior of solid-state fusion (cold fusion) in the nuclear chart makes it easier to understand its characteristics. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the nuclear transition of solid-state fusion. The stable atomic nucleus A transitions to atomic nucleus B by increasing the number of neutrons while remaining an isotope of A horizontally in the nuclear chart through a neutron binding (chain) reaction. At this time, atomic nucleus B becomes unstable and causes β - decay to become atomic nucleus C with an increased number of protons while maintaining the mass number. The horizontal movement at this time is very efficient because neutrons without charge always undergo nuclear reactions due to the Freikugel effect. Also, β -The high-energy electrons generated by the collapse are not necessarily used for neutron generation, and some are converted into leakage outside the metal or thermal energy.

[0019] On the other hand, the nuclear transitions in nuclear fusion such as the sun and tokamak-type thermonuclear fusion reactors are shown in the nuclear chart of FIG. 4. When the stable atomic nucleus D undergoes a proton chain reaction, the number of neutrons is maintained and the number of protons is increased vertically to become the atomic nucleus E of another element. At this time, it deviates from the valley of Heisenberg and becomes unstable, and β + decay or electron capture is caused to form a nucleus F in which the number of protons, that is, the atomic number, is reduced while maintaining the mass number. The vertical transition at this time is realized by giving a huge amount of energy such as kinetic energy at extremely high temperature to the fusion of positively charged particles that repel each other by the Coulomb force, so the energy efficiency is extremely poor. Also, when fusing with deuterium nuclei, since the nuclear chart moves diagonally upward to the right, it is easy to maintain the stability of the atomic nucleus, and β + decay or electron capture is less likely to occur.

[0020] Non-Patent Document 7 has experimentally confirmed that nuclear conversion in cold nuclear fusion (solid nuclear fusion) ends through a specific route, supporting the prediction of the present inventor that the fusion reaction ends after a neutron binding chain and β decay. In Non-Patent Document 7, for example 133 Cs is 141 Pr and the nuclear reaction has ended. The energy generated by the mass defect of 8 nucleons of neutrons and protons due to the nuclear conversion of one atomic nucleus is extremely small. Non-Patent Document 8 publishes the SEM image of cold nuclear fusion. It is considered that the scattered nuclear reaction spots are basically caused by one high-energy particle, and it is not considered that the thermal deformation of the film occurs due to the mass defect of several nucleons by the nuclear conversion of one atomic nucleus. It is considered more reasonable to think that the neutron binding chain reaction is accompanied by a neutron multiplication reaction. 58 from Ni to 59The energy generated due to the mass defect when neutrons bind to Ni is approximately 9 MeV, which is 11.5 times the 0.78 MeV energy required to form neutrons from protons and electrons. Therefore, excited metal atomic nuclei in nuclear fusion have sufficient energy to cause neutron multiplication. Estimating the number of nuclear reactions from Non-Patent Document 8, if one typical nuclear reaction spot has an area of 2 μm 2 and a film thickness of 0.15 μm, and assuming the entire film has risen by 50 °C, raising the temperature by 5000 °C corresponding to a 1% proportion of the total area of the nuclear reaction spot generates energy. Estimating the generated energy from the density and heat capacity of Ni gives 5.937×10 -9 J, which is approximately 4100 times the energy generated when neutrons bind to Ni. Assuming that when one metal atomic nucleus is excited with a neutron chain number of 8, 3 neutrons multiply, the total number of neutrons generated is (3 9 -1) / (3 - 1)=9841. Although the specific reaction mechanism is unclear and not precisely known, the neutron multiplication reaction in fusion-excited atomic nuclei is considered plausible.

[0021] Summarizing the above, solid-state nuclear fusion (cold fusion) with high-energy particles as the excitation source starts with a neutron multiplication reaction from the first fusion-excited metal atomic nucleus. The generated neutrons cause nuclear fusion and neutron multiplication with atomic nuclei in the crystal with a 100% probability through the Freikugel effect and undergo explosive nuclear fusion. However, the neutron binding chain reaction is suppressed by β - decay due to nuclear instability or lack due to explosive consumption of hydrogen atomic nuclei, resulting in the automatic suppression and termination of the nuclear fusion reaction. This situation is also like a Japanese stick firework, and it is considered that the nuclear fusion reaction spreads explosively in a recursive tree-like pattern but is suppressed midway. Conversely, if the explosive neutron multiplication reaction proceeds and the hydrogen-containing metal reaches above its melting point and the metal melts, the crystallinity will collapse, resulting in the disappearance of the Freikugel effect and a sharp weakening of the nuclear fusion reaction. 235In contrast to nuclear fission neutron multiplication reactions such as U, which have no self-suppression mechanism and spread without restraint until they ultimately lead to an explosion, if the experimental results announced by Professor Fleischmann et al. on March 23, 1989 were true, the fact that the Pd cathode did not explode while the fusion reaction proceeded to the extent of melting the Pd cathode might be due to the operation of this ultimate safety mechanism.

[0022] Since the thin film element of Clean Planet in Non-Patent Document 8 reported maintaining a nuclear reaction output for nearly 600 days with low output, it is considered that the neutron chain reaction maintains a state like a low-output kindling with a long lifespan. They call the phenomenon in which the nuclear reaction output suddenly increases with additional input heat (heating) a heat burst and regard it as an unknown abnormal phenomenon, but the inventor of the present invention believes that the hydrogen solid solution concentration of the nuclear reaction spot increases due to heating, resulting in an increase in output due to the activation of the neutron multiplication reaction of each chain reaction. For those dealing with vacuum, it is common sense that when a vacuum device is heated, the diffusion rate of gas molecules from the inner wall of the device increases and degassing causes the pressure to rise. In the heat burst as well, it is considered a natural result that the hydrogen concentration of the nuclear reaction spot increases due to the promotion of hydrogen supply from the Ni substrate by heating, leading to an increase in the nuclear reaction output. Considering the low surface occupancy rate of the nuclear reaction spot in Non-Patent Document 8 and the room temperature fusion (solid state nuclear reaction) original nuclear reaction output is estimated to be 10 MW / m 2 or more based on the above analysis.

[0023] Patent Document 3 is a technology for suppressing the nuclear reaction of solid state fusion (room temperature fusion) by introducing helium gas, and is considered an important technology for solid state fusion. This is a technology for forcibly suppressing and interrupting the neutron chain reaction by replacing the hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen storage sites of hydrogen-containing metals with He atoms. If solid state fusion starts to react and maintains a state like kindling with low output for a long time, the technology for forcibly interrupting the fusion reaction should be an essential technology for maintenance work such as replacing hydrogen-containing metals and disposing of used hydrogen-containing metals.

[0024] Considering the above, from the experimental fact that radiation such as gamma rays hardly occurs in cold nuclear fusion (solid nuclear fusion), it is considered that the fusion-excited atomic nucleus internally converts the excitation energy while interacting with neighboring elements, and efficiently generates a large amount of thermal energy by causing a neutron generation reaction accompanied by thermal energy and neutron multiplication to maintain a neutron binding chain reaction. In the future, in order to put cold nuclear fusion into practical use and operation, the present inventors consider that it will become an important research theme in nuclear physics, solid physics, and quantum mechanics to elucidate the excitation behavior inside the atomic nucleus of cold nuclear fusion, energy transfer due to interaction with surrounding atomic nuclei, neutron formation, etc.

[0025] For the actual increase in the output of cold nuclear fusion (room-temperature nuclear fusion), in addition to the sufficient supply of high-energy particles of 0.78 MeV or more at the reaction starting point, it is necessary to continuously supply a large amount of hydrogen nuclei (protons), which are the source of neutrons required for the neutron binding (chain) reaction. Considering from such a perspective, the high reproducibility of cold nuclear fusion with metal nanoparticles is considered to be due to the improvement of the hydrogen diffusion rate by the effect of increasing the specific surface area due to the extremely small particle size, achieving sufficient hydrogen supply and making it easier to maintain the neutron binding reaction, and it can be sufficiently explained without assuming unknown quantum effects peculiar to cold nuclear fusion. In addition, using hydrogen instead of deuterium has also reduced the excitation energy threshold required for nuclear fusion to about 1 / 3 and increased the nuclear reaction starting point density, which is also considered to be one of the reasons for the improvement of the nuclear reaction output and reproducibility.

[0026] When the hydrogen supply is sufficient and the thermal equilibrium state is achieved as described above, the hydrogen solid solution concentration n H in the metal is represented by Equation (1).

[0027] (Equation 01) n H ∝ (P H2 ) 1 / 2 ·exp(E / k B T)

[0028] This is called Sieverts' law, where P H2 is the hydrogen pressure and k Bwhere k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and E is the activation energy of hydrogen solid solution. In the case of hydrogen solid solution in common metals, E < 0, indicating an endothermic reaction. In the case of Ti, TiH 2 is an exothermic reaction with E > 0, and at room temperature, metallic Ti spontaneously chemically reacts with hydrogen to form TiH 2 , which is the reason why Ti has high hydrogen embrittlement. Even in such cases, the hydrogen concentration is represented by Equation 1, and it can be seen that hydrogen desorbs at high temperatures and returns to metallic Ti.

[0029] For increasing the output of solid-state fusion (cold fusion), a high n H is required from a reaction theory perspective, and it is important that P H2 is high and the temperature is high. Even if solid-state fusion proceeds at a temperature of 1000 °C, there is no reason for the nuclear reaction to be determined by a mere thermal energy of about 0.1 eV at 1000 °C. It is simply because the hydrogen concentration in the metal increases. Also, since ion implantation is carried out into the solid at an energy state much higher than thermal energy, densification is possible from thermal equilibrium, which is advantageous for increasing the output and controllability of the nuclear reaction.

[0030] Patent Document 4 is a stable and high-output (LC) resonance excitation type solid-state fusion device invented in consideration of the above-mentioned points regarding solid-state fusion (cold fusion). This is characterized in that by simply adding an electric circuit, a capacitor composed of a hydrogen-containing metal and a counter electrode is used as an electron accelerator, and high-energy electrons of 0.78 MeV or more generated by LC resonance are used to promote the solid-state fusion reaction in the hydrogen-containing metal. It is an invention that combines the advantages of plasma thermonuclear fusion and solid-state fusion.

[0031] Regarding the high-energy electron source, there is not only a β-ray source of radioactive substances but also a microtron (manufactured by the Photon Generation Technology Research Institute) of a small electron accelerator, which can be used and applied to basic experiments of electron-excited solid-state fusion and the development of solid-state fusion devices.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0032] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 4317269 [Patent Document 2] JP 2004-077201 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2023-125682 A [Patent Document 4] Patent application No. 2024-111329 [Non-patent literature]

[0033] [Non-Patent Document 1] Nuclear Data News, No. 61, 23 (1998). [Non-Patent Document 2] Pramana-J.Phys., Volume 75, Section 617 (2010). [Non-Patent Document 3] J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol. 261, No. 301 (1989). [Non-Patent Document 4] Chemistry and Education, Vol. 49, No. 688 (2001). [Non-Patent Document 5] Cold Fusion Project, Tadahiko Mizuno, 43rd item. https: / / www.lenr-canr.org / acrobat / MizunoTjyouonkaku.pdf [Non-Patent Document 6] Phys.Rev.C, Volume 101, Section 44610 (2020). [Non-Patent Document 7] Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, Vol. 52, No. 104 (2015). [Non-Patent Document 8] Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., vol.63, 037001 (2024). Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0034] At present, when attempting element conversion or alchemy, the low productivity, high cost, and poor economic efficiency are problems. Therefore, applications such as the production of medical radioactive substances and nuclear waste treatment, which can tolerate high costs, are limited.

[0035] To establish the alchemy of rare but useful elements such as Co, Pd, Pt, and Au as an industry, (LC) resonance excitation type solid nuclear fusion is effective. If element conversion and alchemy can be carried out while generating electricity using this method, the profitability will be further improved.

[0036] Figures 1 and 2 are the electrical circuit diagram and drive waveform of Patent Document 4. During gas discharge caused by applying a negative voltage to the hydrogen-containing metal 1 in a capacitor composed of the counter electrode 2 provided with the open / close switch 20 between the potential reference point and the hydrogen-containing metal 1, when the open / close switch 20 is turned OFF, electrons are charged to the counter electrode 2 and the discharge automatically ends, and a large amount of electrons can be stably accumulated. By irradiating the hydrogen-containing metal 1 with electrons accelerated to 0.78 MeV or more by LC resonance, a neutron-induced chain reaction is promoted to increase the solid nuclear fusion output.

[0037] Although the production amount of elements is extremely small, there are many industrially useful elements. If the amounts required for these can be mass-produced, technologies that have hitherto been abandoned for product applications due to cost can be put into practical use, and the benefits will be great. By applying the chemical and physical knowledge, science and technology cultivated by humanity so far and the electron excitation type solid nuclear fusion and (LC) resonance excitation type solid nuclear fusion represented by Patent Document 4, element conversion to all rare elements should be able to be established as an industry.

[0038] Industrially useful but rare elements include deuterium, tritium, He, Li, Be, P, S, Sc, precious metal elements such as Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au among the transition metals, Ga, In, and rare elements such as Tb, Dy, Tm, Lu among the lanthanoids. Although the uses of each element are not listed here, the industrial merits when they are mass-produced are very great.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0039] For the production of elements in gaseous state at room temperature like He, the method of Patent Document 2 is combined with electron-excitation type solid nuclear fusion. As a result, a productivity improvement of over 100 times can be expected.

[0040] For the production by element conversion of lanthanoids, Ga, and In, the resonance-excitation type solid nuclear fusion device of Fig. 5 is used. Also, for the production of noble metal elements in transition metals, a device with the metal vapor recovery device 21 of Fig. 6 added is used. Further, for the production of P and S, the device of Fig. 7 with the chlorine recovery device 29 added to Fig. 6 is used.

Advantages of the Invention

[0041] Industrialization of the production by element conversion of rare elements becomes possible. Products that become high-performance when using rare elements but were abandoned in terms of cost can be put into practical use, and the industrial advantages are great.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0042]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0043] The first embodiment is for the production of He, which is obtained by attaching an excitation mechanism with electrons of 0.78 MeV or more to the room-temperature nuclear fusion device of Patent Document 2. The gas used is basically a mixed gas of hydrogen and deuterium with a ratio of 2:1, 4 and He should be overwhelmingly easy to produce. 3 Since the half-life of tritium is 12 years, it is difficult to produce He, and tritium can be produced as a by-product. In addition, 4 He is a boson, and Bose-Einstein condensation is likely to occur, and generally He is considered to have higher utility value.

[0044] The second embodiment produces elements using rare elements such as Ga, In, and lanthanoid Tb, Dy, Tm, Lu as targets. The basic resonance excitation type solid nuclear fusion device of FIG. 5 is used. Ga and In use Zn and Cd as starting elements respectively, but since Cd is a toxic element, it also has the meaning of converting a toxic element into In which is useful as an electronic material.

[0045] The third embodiment produces precious metals such as Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au from elements with low value in transition metals, and it is necessary to provide a recovery device 21 for Group 12 elements with high vapor pressure as shown in FIG. 6.

[0046] The fourth embodiment produces P and S from Mg and Al, and uses the device of FIG. 7 with a chlorine recovery device 29 further added to FIG. 6. P and S are low in price but important elements for humanity. In particular, P is an essential element for plants as one of the three major fertilizer components together with N and K, and is indispensable for improving food productivity. This is because P is an essential element for life as a constituent element of the sugar-phosphate backbone of genes and ATP. It is a well-known fact that guano, famous as a phosphorus fertilizer, has been used in Europe since the early 19th century, resulting in improved yields of wheat and the like. Although there is a reserve for about 260 years, it is difficult to recycle because it enters the human mouth and is consumed, so it is important to establish a new method for producing P for the realization of a sustainable society.

[0047] It produces P starting from Mg and Al. Since Mg is an element used in chlorophyll and Al exists in a relatively large amount with a Clark number of 7.6%, Al is more suitable. P is an element with only mass number 31 being stable, 31 β from Si - and the conversion to P by decay is the only final path, but there is a problem that the half-life of this β decay is as long as 157 minutes. Therefore, the element conversion rate has to be slowed down accordingly, which determines the upper limit of the final reaction rate. Also, due to the half-life of Si isotopes, 34 S is likely to be formed, and its isotope composition will deviate from that of natural S. Thus, when estimating the mass defect of nuclear fusion and the nuclear fusion reaction process of P production, if the penetration depth of protons is on the micron order and Al is consumed on the order of 157 minutes, the result is that P can be produced as a by-product while generating heat and electricity at the maximum rating. Therefore, if P production is considered for ensuring fertilizers for food production, it is considered correct for humanity to use Al as the fuel metal rather than iron. Also, when iron is used as the fuel metal, the highest temperature of the device was desired to be 1500 °C or higher, but when Al is used as the fuel metal, the highest temperature is more than sufficient even at 800 °C, and there is also a secondary effect that the difficulty of thermal design drops suddenly and the possibility of realizing a solid nuclear fusion device increases further.

[0048] If the production of P by solid nuclear fusion from Al and hydrogen can be put into practical use, humanity was able to fix nitrogen in the air as ammonia using energy in the 20th century, while in the 21st century, it will have succeeded in creating P from Al after generating energy, which will be recorded in history as an important milestone for humanity.

[0049] Finally, the chlorine recovery device 29 can be sufficient by laying MgO granules, and those with the surface CO2 removed and activated at 350 °C or higher can be used. If the surface is chlorinated, it can be regenerated with hot water and will ultimately be used as a fertilizer raw material.

[0050] Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes are possible without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0051] 1 Hydrogen-containing metal (fuel metal) 2 Counter electrode 3 Inductor 4 (Internal) resistance 5 Nuclear fusion promoting power source 8 Backing plate 9 Heat shield 10 Heater 11 Hydrogen supply line 12 Vacuum pump 13 Furnace outer wall 14 Boiler section 15 Water (hot water) 16 Feed water line 17 Steam extraction line 18 Switch 19 DC power source 20 On-off switch 21 Metal vapor recovery device 22 Vacuum pump 23 Gas purifier 26 Nuclear fusion promoting pulse 27 Discharge (proton injection) voltage 28 Excitation electron charge voltage 29 Chlorine recovery device 30 Mass spectrometer (MS)

Claims

1. A production process characterized by obtaining an industrially usable amount of a desired element through nuclear transformation in electronically excited room temperature nuclear fusion in which electrons having a kinetic energy of 0.78 MeV or more are irradiated onto a hydrogen-containing metal.

2. 3. The production process according to claim 2, wherein the electronically excited cold nuclear fusion is performed by irradiating the hydrogen-containing metal with accelerated electrons by LC resonance of a capacitor consisting of the hydrogen-containing metal and an opposing electrode.

3. 3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the desired element is any one of deuterium, tritium, He, Li, Be, P, S, Sc, Ga, In, and a lanthanide element.

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