Tidal wave shelter mounted in vehicle or mounted on pedestal

Abstract

To solve the problem that because in a giant tsunami (or tidal wave) after Nankai Trough earthquake, 320,000 deaths and a million victims are estimated when the earthquake occurs after midnight in midwinter, it is estimated that after the Prevention Council announcement 10 years ago, many crematories are estimated to have been built, and it is supposed that a 10-meter high tidal wave arrives in 5 minutes in some regions, no time to evacuate, how automobiles should be utilized well to save as many people as possible when they commute to school and work and local residents live their daily lives for 24 hours and how many people should be saved after they get home.SOLUTION: A vehicle mounting a shelter enables a family to evacuate instantly because it is virtually the same as carrying along an evacuation place in a daily life when it is used for transporting and picking up school children and is parked in the yard at night. Also, when it is on a pedestal, a user feels safe for 24 hours. Foundation work is unnecessary and the shelter is very cheap. Providing is preventing. It is very happy to be able to live safely with a sense of security.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 25

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a movable vehicle-mounted or pedestal-mounted tsunami shelter.

Background Art

[0002] It is predicted that 320,000 people will die in the tsunami associated with the upcoming Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, but no countermeasures are being advanced. Despite the fact that a 10-meter-high tsunami is expected to strike in just five minutes, cries of "can't escape" and evacuation drills that involve gathering residents and fleeing to high ground are completely off the mark. When searched on the patent information platform, there were 188 items under "shelter vehicle", and only 5 were relevant. Patent Document 1 is a "shelter floating device" that mounts a shelter on a tow truck and is equipped with a floating device on the shelter, but the shelter of the present application does not float, so it is different. Patent Document 2 is a "vehicle water floating device" that has a floating device under the vehicle, but the present application does not float, so it is different. Patent Document 3 is an "amphibious shelter" that floats with an expansion device under the vehicle, but the present application does not float, so it is different. Patent Document 4 is a "tsunami-proof vehicle" that keeps the crew cabin airtight, but the present application is a structure with an open bottom instead of an airtight room, so it is also different. Patent Document 5 is an "evacuation shelter" that is a floating shelter that can be separated from the vehicle, but the present application does not float, so it is different.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] A tsunami is predicted to cause 320,000 deaths according to a Cabinet Office announcement. We are waiting for the release of information on how many lives were saved through the countermeasures implemented over the past decade. I don't think it's a repeat of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident, but it won't be revealed until the tsunami arrives. I'm tired of the usual excuse of "unexpected as always." Doesn't it resemble the situation in which the lives of Gaza residents are treated lightly by Israel and the lives of those left to die are ignored? Generally proposed countermeasures for tsunamis include evacuation to high ground, construction of high flood barriers, and tsunami towers. In particular, for tsunami towers, how many out of 320,000 people can reach them during the dead of winter, in the middle of the night, while they are sound asleep, when the greatest damage is predicted? The cost-effectiveness is extremely low, almost zero. Although the greatest damage is predicted to occur in the dead of winter at night, the countermeasures do not assume the worst-case scenario. It can also be said that the countermeasures leave behind the elderly, pregnant women, and wheelchair users who cannot reach the towers, and are significantly lacking in fairness in terms of the budget using taxpayers' money. The reliance on the idea that it won't come, that it couldn't possibly come, has persisted for the past decade. We must learn from past incidents, especially the Great East Japan Earthquake. Therefore, considering the need to save many lives, the fact that cars are close at hand, inexpensive, and closely related to local life, and that people are inside them during the time of movement, and furthermore, it is obvious that many people are at home at night when the greatest damage occurs, the realization of a tsunami shelter that can ensure the seamless 24-hour safety of people's lives, including the safety of those parked cars, families taking care of the house, and residents without cars, and the safety of local life, can contribute to solving the problem. Tsunamis can strike at any time, anywhere, and at any time of day. Moreover, in the case of a massive earthquake in the Nankai Trough, it is predicted that a tsunami will strike with a height of 10 meters within the shortest 2 to 5 minutes after the earthquake. At that time, there is also a high probability that nearby cars will be in motion. In rural areas, cars are essential for social and daily life, and the time and number of hours spent moving by car occupy a large part of the daytime. In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many cars were washed away. Trains also overturned, and many passengers went missing. If only one could escape far away by car, but if they concentrate on the main roads, they will be caught in traffic jams. Cars are especially indispensable for work, shopping, and going to the hospital in rural areas. During commuting and going to school, mass transportation such as buses and trains is used, and since the usage time is also long, the number of hours and the number of people at risk are even greater as a proportion of the 24 hours of the day. Since the lives of all passengers are at stake, the responsibility is extremely heavy. There are many passengers in mass transportation. The inside of a vehicle is a confined space.However, the possibility of survival by escaping outside is almost zero. The greatest features of a car are that it is enclosed by a body and has mobility. However, even a movable car is parked in the home parking lot for more than half of the day. Given this fact, what can we do? We don't want to see a group tragedy of schoolchildren in the schoolyard. If the car itself can be utilized, if the time when the car is idle can be utilized, and if something can be derivatively utilized, many residents and schoolchildren can be saved. Therefore, focusing on a person's 24 hours, the issue is how widely and fairly the car can be utilized for evacuation even when it is idle. In the Great East Japan Earthquake, it is easy to imagine that cars easily floated up, collided with each other, were washed out to sea, and eventually sank to the bottom. A human being cannot be saved the moment they are engulfed by a tsunami in their physical form. Fortunately, a passenger car can be said to protect the driver and passengers inside the car body from external forces first. Therefore, install it in the car that is protected by the shelter. However, since the interior space of the car is narrow including the space occupied by the human body, it is difficult to install a hard-shaped shelter. First, consider that it should be lightweight, compressible into a compact size, foldable, and have a flexible shape. It can be stored in the ceiling, behind the backrest of the seat, or placed on the floor without getting in the way. If it has flexibility like rubber boots, it can utilize any remaining space inside the car and bend it along the ceiling to create more space. In vans and wagons with enough space to carry luggage, there is space to load a hard-shaped shelter. In buses and trains, there is an obligation to save many lives. For trucks with a loading platform on the outside, consider the shelter to be exposed. Since it is exposed to the direct impact of the lateral force of the tsunami, a lower, heavier, and stronger shelter should be installed to reduce the pressure area and moment. It is fair and our responsibility that the same shelter can be used by families who take care of the house and people without a car. Although the tsunami is unpredictable at any time, the tsunami associated with the expected Nankai Trough mega-earthquake is predicted by the Cabinet Office to have a maximum tsunami height of 34.4 m, 320,000 deaths, and 1 million casualties. Along the coast, a 10-m high tsunami is expected to strike within 2 to 5 minutes, and the maximum damage will occur in the dead of winter and in the middle of the night. Hypothermia awaits if one goes outside. Ten years after the announcement, how many people have been saved? Recently, images of the great tsunami in the Great Kantō Earthquake were discovered.All we get are warnings, but the real responsible parties are nowhere to be seen. This is the root cause of the problem that prevents us from solving the issue of how to save countless lives. In society, this is called the Odawara Conference. Nevertheless, the evacuation shelters can accommodate 320,000 people. It is necessary to verify and announce whether the number is sufficient even at this late stage. The progress of acquiring land for crematoria and the construction rate also need to be announced. Without a personal identification certificate, cremation cannot be carried out. Procedures such as DNA identification, dental matching, and fingerprint matching take a year, and the construction of freezer warehouses to prevent decay is also urgently needed. In such emergencies and disasters, the government should actively promote the effectiveness of the My Number Card with a photo for identity verification. I really hope they don't intend to neglect this forever. Don't they have any wisdom? If they dealt with it earlier, people could live more peacefully every day. The responsibility for neglecting it for 10 years is not light. But since there is no responsible person, who should we blame? Regarding the tsunami in the previous Great East Japan Earthquake, it can be said that it came at the earliest 15 minutes after the earthquake, and most often an hour later, so there was some leeway. However, for tsunamis caused by the Nankai Trough earthquake and the Japan Sea earthquake, the wave rise is extremely steep and it's not like that at all. For a sudden attack like the tsunami off Okushiri Island, there isn't even time to evacuate outside or any leeway. Six waves repeated over six hours. Since we don't know when it will come in a day, we must be prepared 24 hours a day. But even though it's such a cruel and unpredictable tsunami, it follows the natural order and rule that it comes at least after the shaking of the earthquake, and there is a sense of justice in giving advance warnings through the ebb tide, rumbling sounds, etc. We must find a way out and answer this. If we assume that the shaking stops two or three minutes after the earthquake, then there may or may not be two or three minutes of leeway to run in the opposite direction by subtraction. Spending time and budget on accurate earthquake analysis and being immersed in self-satisfaction as a job, if the evacuation warning is issued four minutes after the earthquake at the earliest, it is often too late. Even a primary school student can understand this. The residents of coastal areas should know that it is of no use to them. For the occurrence of the largest earthquake, a loud siren, an announcement, or even like the missile warning sirens in Israel and Palestine that are automatically sent immediately after a few seconds should be emulated. The scale of the damage is far greater than a missile attack. If there is no loud siren, people won't take action. People must always be prepared to make self-judgments and have the awareness and training for self-defense based on the magnitude of the earthquake shaking immediately.If one were to die, there would be no regrets. However, in order not to have regrets, one must at least decide what one would do if it were oneself. Going outside is dangerous. Even a small 30-cm wave can sweep one's feet away and leave one exposed to the open sea. However, even when a tsunami warning was issued due to the eruption of the Tonga volcano, people showed no sign of fleeing. Despite the capsizing of ships in the bay of Kochi Prefecture. Still, it seems that the crisis avoidance switch doesn't turn on for oneself unless there is a deafening roar, ground rumbling, and high waves bearing down right in front. In the cold winter, resignation precedes mental shutdown. There's no time to change into pajamas while taking a bath or going to bed. Just getting a lazy child to put on shoes takes five minutes right away. Anyway, there's no time for hesitation. It's certain that many people are resigned, whether it's sincere or not. Of course, one must rid oneself of the bias that one will somehow be okay. Instant unconditional reflex and repetitive action training are necessary. Housing conditions also have an impact. In ordinary houses, there's nothing, not even a shred. In a solid apartment building, it might be thought that one would be saved if on a high floor, but there's no guarantee that the tsunami height will be below the expected height. People tend to think that they'll be saved by vertical evacuation or rooftop evacuation, but in the end, buildings and their rooftops lower than the tsunami height will be completely engulfed by the tsunami. How terrifying and merciless the approaching tsunami was. What is the country thinking? What about the evacuation plan of "Just escape somehow"? In the dead of winter and in the middle of the night, most of the 320,000 people couldn't get out of their homes and are thought to have been unable to escape. Is this deception that it's dangerous to go outside but one will be saved if one can escape really the national policy? Assuming that one is at home for half of the 24 hours, even for apartment dwellers, during the commute to school for elementary school students, on the way to work, going to the hospital, during daily shopping trips, during daytime business hours, etc., when one is defenseless and there are no tall and solid buildings in the vicinity, evacuation is not easy. Still, one must anticipate danger 24 hours a day, including during one's daily life at home, at work, at school, etc., around the clock, including the dead of winter and in the middle of the night.

[0006] Therefore, since evacuation sites are limited, the best thing to do is to carry and prepare a shelter that you can immediately evacuate to. If that is not possible, you need to constantly practice thinking about how to escape if you encounter a tsunami at any time and place in your daily life. Doing so repeatedly will steadily increase your chances of survival. Even when you are out walking, checking for tall buildings in the area will help prevent dementia. If you are driving, it is assumed that the contribution of using your car, which is used most of the time, is large. Many people were swept away by the tsunami along with their cars and became victims, but the first thing to think about is how to prevent the car from surfacing. Additionally, it would be desirable to have a shelter installed in the car that can be used with people as they move around, for unspecified times and places of encounter. If this can be achieved, students going to and from school will be picked up and dropped off by vehicles equipped with tsunami shelters to ensure their safety on the way. This way, at least two people can be saved. Family members commuting to and from work will also be picked up and dropped off. Business operations at work will also be carried out by touring in vehicles equipped with tsunami shelters. If accompanied by an assistant, two people can be saved. For going to the hospital or shopping, self-defense is required, and one should drive a vehicle equipped with a tsunami shelter by oneself. Increase the number of hours in a day that the daily life with the shelter, the safe time, occupies. Be aware that this will increase the safety rate. By stacking these up, most of the daytime can avoid dangerous situations. After returning home, in a general house, park the vehicle equipped with the shelter in the yard, and if possible, tie it to an anchor to prepare for tipping over and drifting. Alternatively, for the shelter mounted on the truck bed and the shelters before and after the loading and unloading arrangements, it is easy to lift and lower with a unique truck equipped with a crane, and place it on the pedestal that serves as a receiving base for temporary placement. Don't forget the family members who are left at home, not just the driver of the vehicle. Most of the time in a day is occupied by time periods other than work and time periods when there is no movement. By leaving the shelter on the truck bed and pedestal, it can be continuously utilized as a safe evacuation shelter for the family during many time periods, especially at night. There should be no interruption in the utilization time of the shelter. If additional shelters for the number of people are added and left on the pedestal, it can be continuously utilized as a shelter for the family members left at home during the daytime, as a shelter for all family members in preparation for the night attack, and as a shelter for residents in areas without cars. It can be said that the number of safe and reassuring hours throughout 24 hours will increase, and the effective value of the fair results and possibilities of protecting lives will rise. Thus, be prepared as a family so that an earthquake or tsunami can strike at any time during 24 hours. It is important that the family does not get separated. If they drift apart and get separated, the search costs will increase several times. One should recognize that it is not just an individual problem of simply being in distress, but also that a huge national cost will be incurred if people are in distress. By moving the shelter together in line with life, mounting it on a vehicle that can move and utilizing it as an integral part of daily life, and conversely, considering protecting the safety and well-being of the family members left at home and the family at night, it is possible to conduct 24-hour thinking training centered around the family against the bias of tsunamis that can strike at any time and anywhere, thinking that only oneself will be okay. A vehicle used only for driving and taking a drive has time limits and cannot be fully utilized.Preparedness for emergencies is useful only when there is thought and training on a daily basis. For tsunamis, whose time and place of attack are unknown, mobile vehicles that can be located anywhere are suitable and useful. Even during parking, which takes a long time, derivative and applied wisdom must be considered. For tsunamis, whose time and place of attack are unknown, there must be no breaks. The problem of being able to respond 24 hours a day, anywhere and at any time, can be solved. If individuals and families can be saved, the next step is to consider mass evacuation during commuting to and from work and school by bus or train, and mass evacuation of elementary school children. In the era of SNS, tragic news spreads around the world in an instant. The mental burden on teachers is immeasurably great. Only by thinking ahead can this burden be reduced. Imagination and the ability to visualize are required. We have valuable examples in the Tohoku region. It is easy to assume that leaving things to others will result in the same outcome. Even with a good education, one must not lose one's life randomly. The responsibility of teachers to save lives is heavy. I don't want to hear about the silly self-satisfaction, self-defense, and alibi-making of those who participate in evacuation drills or are shown on TV. What have you thought about and done, or tried to do, in the past ten years? Isn't that evacuation method and behavior putting people at risk instead? A strict self-evaluation is required to determine how many young lives in the future have been saved. I don't want to hear the usual excuses like being busy. Teachers who only make alibis to save themselves and show no results in rescuing people from tsunamis that can strike in an instant should be immediately transferred to a school in the mountains. The same applies to workplace evacuation, and employees must not be lost. Avoiding the loss of the supply chain is a company's social responsibility. Regarding the external force of a tsunami, as a characteristic of the vehicle itself, the distance between the four tires of the vehicle, the leverage resistance, elasticity, and cushioning of the width, as well as the springs under the vehicle floor and the spring effect, help to mitigate the impact force of the tsunami and prevent the vehicle from tipping over due to the lateral force of the tsunami. However, as is well known from the previous Tohoku example, cars easily float, lose their resistance, tip over, and are washed out to sea and sink. Mechanically, it is simple. If the car windows are closed, the internal air volume in the enclosed space becomes buoyancy, and the car floats like a cork and drifts before tipping over. Therefore, measures are taken to prevent the car from floating. To do this, buoyancy must not be applied. When the car is underwater, buoyancy is generated with the air volume trapped inside.Therefore, consider opening the window to release air or obtaining a weight that overcomes buoyancy. If the window is opened, the air that forms the trapped buoyancy will escape. And it can be understood that it is sufficient to introduce tsunami water that serves as a weight into the vehicle interior into that space. Implement this skillfully. First, fully open the window, let the tsunami water enter the vehicle to create a flooded state, and utilize the water that has replaced the air as a water load. Ensure that the sum of the vehicle weight and the weight of the water load as a weight is greater than or equal to the total volume of the air in the installed shelter, that is, the buoyancy. As a simple guideline, if we assume that half of the vehicle interior height is flooded and the window is quickly closed for the sake of explanation, the air volume is the remaining half, and the buoyancy generated by half of the air volume and the weight of half of the water volume are in a one-to-one balance. In a large tsunami, the vehicle will be flooded instantly through the window. There is no need to think too much. It is obvious that what resists buoyancy is weight, and the original vehicle weight alone is not enough, so adding the vehicle weight to the water load as a plus alpha makes it safer. In reality, by ensuring air inside the shelter even without closing the window, even if the window is fully open, it is in an open state and can be flooded as much as possible, replacing the air and becoming full of water, and the vehicle will not float. Even if it is half open or opened about 10 cm, it will become full of water and not float. However, if the window is opened wide, there is a risk of floating debris flying in. On the contrary, if only a small amount is opened, the pressure-receiving area where the window glass receives the wave force and its lateral force of the tsunami becomes large, and it is in a cantilever state, so it is questionable whether it can withstand it. It is advisable to attach an anti-scattering film to the window glass. The crucial thing here is that the role of the shelter is to open it before flooding and put in the amount of air necessary for survival, and then take shelter inside. Then let it flood later. To proceed further here, Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted. And introduce basic natural laws and other rescue reference examples.

[0007] Experiment 1 was conducted in a water tank. A cup with a width of 10 cm and a length of 10 cm and a long cup with a width of 10 cm and a length of 20 cm were inverted and submerged. In both cases, at a depth of 8 cm, the bottom lifted up and tilted, and air bubbles formed into lumps and escaped, causing the cups to fall over. Next, when one 10-cm-long cup was stacked on top of another, it became stable. It remained stable even when the upper part was pressed with a finger. From this, it can be seen that a 1 m³ cube shelter requires an anchor downward when its height exceeds 0.8 m, or it may be possible to hold it down at the apex, increase the weight, and further, as a measure to reduce the influence of the buoyancy that causes the shelter to lift, it is considered effective to reduce the air volume in the lower part and make it a tapered shape. Here, even if a person's weight is 100 kg = 0.1 ton, it is absolutely impossible to resist the buoyancy of the air volume in the shelter, which is 1 m³ = 1 ton. It should be understood that it will float as it is. Whether a person in the shelter floats depends on the bottom, but first, it is okay to be seated on the seat sheet. Hooking the feet on the handle at the lower part of the shelter and stretching is also effective for preventing swaying and preventing the escape of air bubbles and lumps, and it can be seen that there is a necessity to anchor with a rope or the like to the leg posts and fixing parts under the seat.

[0008] Experiment 2: When an adult takes shelter in the shelter, the air volume corresponding to their volume decreases. Therefore, an experiment was conducted on the volume of people taking shelter inside, where the designed air volume would substantially decrease. If a person floats in a pool, their specific gravity is 1.0. For a person weighing 100 kg, the volume is 0.1 m³, and the internal air volume occupies 10%. That is, 10% of the air volume decreases. Also, in a 65 cm * 110 cm bathtub at home, when taking a half bath and measuring the water level change, it was +7 cm. For a full bath, it was +14 cm. Calculating the volume, it is 0.65 * 1.1 * 0.14 = 0.1 m³, and the two match. In a 1 m³ shelter, a person's body occupies 10% of the volume. It should also be noted that strictly speaking, the necessary air volume for survival decreases by 10%. Needless to say, in a 0.5 m³ shelter, it decreases by 20%. For a child, it seems to be half of that.

[0009] Among natural laws, according to Archimedes' principle, air, which is lighter than water in specific gravity, rises in water. A buoyant force equivalent to the volume of water displaced acts on the shelter. According to Pascal's principle, the pressure inside and outside the shelter is equal. Thus, no internal-external pressure difference like that of a sealed structure acts on the entire perimeter wall of the shelter with an entrance at the bottom. A wall as thin as a sheet of paper may be sufficient. According to Boyle's law, the horizontal water surface formed at the bottom of the shelter creates a sealed space. Since the tsunami height is 10 m and the water pressure is 2 atmospheres, the air inside the shelter is compressed to 1 / 2 its original volume upwards, to 1 / 3 at 20 m, and to 1 / 4 at 30 m. Along with this, the water level and the water surface also rise, so don't panic. Since the interior is an enclosed space, the water level inside is interlinked with the external water level of 10 m relative to an internal water level of 0.5 m. So, it rises slowly at a rate of 1 / 20, and the air will surely remain at the upper ceiling part. Just point the opening towards the ceiling. Regarding the water pressure burden caused by the maximum tsunami of 34 m in height, there is news of a rescue 62 hours after the bottom of a sunken ship at a water depth of 30 m off the coast of Nigeria in 2013. After the first wave ends, the water level drops, so fresh air can be exchanged. With a design of 1 m3 / hour, there is no need to worry so much. First and foremost, it is essential to build the shelter without hesitation. If one hesitates and does not take action forever, being a naked person with nothing to withstand the incoming tsunami will result in being submerged, and without air even for a moment, a person will die. That would truly be a waste of time, and the time of these 10 years will not return. The shelter cannot be easily opened after the vehicle interior has been flooded. If it is opened before flooding, the lower part of the shelter is underwater, and air can be secured with the inner horizontal water surface. At this stage, the buoyant force, according to Archimedes' theorem, is the volume of the water body displaced, the part below the external water surface, so it is not very large. When a 10 m tsunami comes, according to Boyle's law, the internal volume is compressed to 1 / 2, so the buoyant force is halved simultaneously. The floating of the shelter can also be physically restricted by the vehicle ceiling. To prevent it from being thrown out of the vehicle and to prevent the air mass from escaping from the lower part of the shelter due to shaking and tilting, handles are provided at the lower part of the shelter, and ropes are looped around the leg posts under the seat and hooked as an anchor. It can also be laid on the buttocks on the seat sheet.

[0010] (Various Shelters) Fig. 1 shows a representative external appearance example of a vehicle. Entrance to and exit from the shelter can be made from the vehicle floor surface, the seat surface, or the ground, so that the air retention height can be secured as the total height of the side surface from the lower surface to the top end surface, and it can be effectively utilized without waste. During a tsunami, the vehicle itself or the shelter itself must be prevented from floating. If the vehicle floats, it will easily tip over with even a slight lateral force and be washed out to sea. An object generates buoyancy if there is air inside. The buoyancy due to the air volume is large. An iron ship also floats. That is, a vehicle with its windows closed contains air, and the buoyancy acting on the entire vehicle is too large compared to the vehicle weight. Resistance greater than the buoyancy and a weight exceeding it are required. Since the vehicle weight is the weight of the steel plates of the vehicle body, it is obvious that it is insufficient. It is not possible to put hammers weighing 2 tons or more, 3 tons or more inside the vehicle. Therefore, a method was considered in which the windows of the vehicle shown in Fig. 2 are opened to introduce tsunami water into the interior and replace it with air, so that the total of the water load and the vehicle weight exceeds the buoyancy acting on the vehicle or the shelter. In the case of loading on a loading platform or placing on a pedestal, a method is considered in which the shelter itself is made into a heavy framework and wall, and the buoyancy due to the internal volume is overcome. Furthermore, a method is considered in which weights or anchors exceeding the buoyancy acting on the vehicle and the shelter are wound around the vehicle body and the shelter with ropes. For a shelter installed inside the vehicle, there is an expectation that the vehicle body will mitigate the impact of floating objects. The shelter in Fig. 3 is lightweight, has excellent strength, and is required to have elasticity and deformation performance that can handle a narrow space. Since there is no bottom plate, it can be said that compression and folding are easy. If a fixture is provided on the vehicle ceiling and the shelter is installed in a cassette system, storage will also be neat. First, remove the seat belt, get on the floor or the seat inside the shelter that has been compressed and reduced compactly, and the outer shell material of the shelter can be expanded by hand, etc. to secure the air volume. If a disc, square plate, or a perforated disc or square plate is attached to the inner top end and the lower part as an auxiliary, it is easy to maintain the shape and secure the volume. In vehicles such as trains and buses with a high ceiling height, rails and vertical pipes in the ceiling part are useful for guiding. It is necessary to remove the luggage rack that obstructs floating. If the entire shelter is covered in advance with a net as shown in Fig. 4, the setup will be quick so that people inside the shelter do not fall when floating up to the ceiling. Or make it taper as in Fig. 5. Stand on the seat and enter the shelter.Closing the lower part of the net from inside the shelter with a string or making it into a bag-shaped with a fastener, and taking an anchor with a rope wound around the leg post and fixing part under the seat in advance at the tip of the bag enables quick evacuation. The rope and the tip are effective for preventing tripping by catching the feet, preventing shaking, preventing the escape of air bubbles and lumps, and further preventing deviation outside the vehicle. Leave some margin in the rope length shown in Fig. 6. Connecting the vehicle handle on the ceiling part and the net covering the shelter with a rope further prevents shaking. The shelter itself preferably has a shape that incorporates as much air volume as possible along the vehicle interior space. For example, in a passenger car, the top end of the shelter follows the vehicle ceiling like the toe of a rubber boot shown in Fig. 7, the vertical side follows the inclination of the seat, in the driver's seat it has a recessed shape avoiding the steering wheel part, and as for laying on the buttocks, it is preferably deformable freely so that it extends like a minnow, a sleeping bag, or a mermaid down to under the seat. If the shape has an expanded tip like the rubber boot on the ceiling part, the air volume of the driver's seat of less than 1 m3 can be increased a little. In the rear seat, it may have a cross-sectional shape for two people. In trains and buses, since the adjacent person may be a stranger or the opposite sex, the bifurcated shape in Fig. 8 is good. It can be stored in the ceiling part or at the rear of the seat backrest. It is also possible to hang it by pulling a string in the ceiling storage. It can be compressed and reduced compactly in a state where the milk container is crushed by a press. Since a hard cube or rectangular parallelepiped itself cannot enter the interior from the door, use a deformable shelter like silicon. The foldable shelter can be reduced and folded flat by folding back one side and two sides by surface folding. The horizontal fold in Fig. 9 and the vertical fold in Fig. 10 have different characteristics. For the vertical fold, the top end needs to be made of a flexible material. It is better to attach a top end plate separately and retrofit it. For example, use hooks and detachable tapes on the four sides of the outer shell at the vertex. Since it is for preventing collision with floating objects, it does not necessarily need to be continuous structurally. Although it will be installed in a hurry, if it is not in time, it has to be omitted. In the ceiling storage, pull it down with the handle attached to the lower part. Or make a hole, pass a rope through it, and wind it around the leg post under the seat. Or vice versa, hook the rope with a hook under the seat to the handle or hole of the shelter. The handle is useful for pressing down the hands and feet after taking shelter inside the shelter and preventing floating up with the anchor under the seat.Since the window is opened to add water weight, it is conceivable to make the shelter itself of a strong material, but it is also a good idea to prepare another independent shield. The height of the shelter is limited to about 1 m due to the fear of air mass deviation, and it varies slightly for each vehicle type, so we consider making use of the characteristics. In a hatchback car, the space opened at the rear can be used, and in a van type, the floor for luggage can be used. If the ceiling is high, it is faster to evacuate by stacking the screened shelters shown in Fig. 15 in advance. As a rigid shelter, it can also be made with a waterproof rotating door shown in Fig. 13 or a sliding door shown in Fig. 14. In a minibus, a school commuting bus, or a train, the interior of the vehicle is wide, the ceiling is high, and the passage can be used, but since the shelter floats up to the ceiling immediately, countermeasures against floating are required, and since the breathing mouth cannot reach, countermeasures are necessary. Regarding the weight, the installation inside the vehicle can take advantage of the lightweight. If the shelter height is 1 m and the interior height of the passenger car is about 1.2 m, the floating space distance is as small as 20 cm, so it is sufficient to tie the handle to the anchor under the seat, and there is enough margin for the severity of floating. However, if the ceiling is as high as that of a train, when the shelter floats up, people may be left behind, and even if it rises at the same time, there is a risk of falling, so the shelter is netted as shown in Fig. 4, the lower end is tied or fastened closed, and an anchor rope with enough length is tied. Alternatively, the lower part may have the tapered shape shown in Fig. 5. Tsunamis are not always large. Small tsunamis of about 1 m swim around like small boats and boats. It is impossible to open the door from the inside due to the external water pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to be quick-witted and prepare wedges, wrenches, and spacers to sandwich them between the door. Tie them to the leg posts under the seat with ropes so as not to lose them. Next, although the shelter has an upper limit of floating at the vehicle ceiling, there is also uneasiness about shaking due to floating and floating inside the vehicle, and a sense of fear of being directly hit by tsunami water. That is to say, it can be said that it is exposed to the shaking of small tsunamis even inside the vehicle. Therefore, consider minimizing the shaking, direct hit, and impact. Consider a shelter with a ceiling height that fits the ceiling without any gap so that there is no more room for floating from the beginning. It fits into the ceiling and does not come off. As shown in Fig. 11, a box inscribed inside the vehicle body, a relatively rigid shelter like a room, integration by welding or adhesive to a shelter of the same degree as the thin iron plate of the vehicle body, or through a cushion material is also conceivable. Fig. 12 shows a cross-sectional view.The side walls avoid bending the convex cross-section of the vehicle's tire part, and the central shaft part is also in the shape of a semi-cylindrical arch cutout to avoid it. The two end faces of the arch are welded to the steel plate side walls. If the entrance and exit are taken from the side waterproof rotating door in Fig. 13 or the waterproof sliding door in Fig. 14, the full height of the side will be effective for air retention, and a large amount of air can be retained. When the shelter room is deformed under the external force of a tsunami and the welded part cracks, air will leak. Therefore, it is good to arrange an airtight plastic bag or vinyl bag with the bottom facing up inside. In mass transportation such as the train in Fig. 16 and the bus in Fig. 20, there is also a method of replacing or combining with the central part of the vehicle in Fig. 17 or the rear part of the vehicle in Fig. 18, or a vehicle body with a shelter. The 10m-long shelter in the train direction in Fig. 16 is assumed based on the weight balance of a three-car formation, and the 5m-short shelter is assumed based on the weight balance of a one-car formation. In Figs. 17, 18, and 19, partition plates are inserted in the vertical direction of the ceiling to prevent air from escaping in case of a fall. If the running on the coastal side is constant, welding a steel plate to the bottom on the coastal side can prevent air from escaping. If there are steel plates at the bottoms on both sides, it will be even safer in case of a fall. However, the rotating door and the sliding door need to be opened slightly to avoid a completely airtight structure. Opening and closing operations are required depending on the direction of the fall and which entrance and exit will be on top, and training is needed. Long benches and walking sticks to supplement the height to the ceiling are also prepared inside. A dedicated connecting vehicle for the shelter as shown in Fig. 19 can also be considered. It is necessary to check whether the weight of the front and rear vehicles during connection is transmitted. In all cases, volume calculations are required for the introduction of water load. The integrated type is more efficient and effective because it only requires preparation and training for a shelter for a large number of people at one place, rather than at multiple places. It is necessary to actively consider this as it can solve the problems of mass evacuation and rescue for the future group of young people in mass transportation such as trains and buses. For shelters mounted outside the vehicle, they are mounted on trucks, trailers, or pedestals. Since the truck bed is the floor surface, people cannot directly enter. As shown in Fig. 21, the shelter protrudes behind the truck bed, or the truck bed is cut out to provide access from the ground. In the trailer in Fig. 22, people bend down from the ground and enter through the lower surface. It is required that it has enough weight and resistance width and strength to resist the impact of floating debris and not fall over when directly exposed to the lateral force of a tsunami, and it will not float due to the buoyancy acting on the body. First of all, the shelter body can be said to be a heavy object. The calculation is very simple. For a 4-ton truck, if the internal space is set to 4m3, it will provide enough air for a family of four, and its buoyancy is 4 tons. Then, the weight of the shelter body can be set to 4 tons.Here, when performing pre- and post-operation tasks of mounting the shelter on the vehicle bed, it is noticed that a pedestal for temporary placement and storage is sufficient without a truck. Therefore, placing the shelter on the pedestal directly contributes to the safety and peace of mind of the family for 24 hours. For the entrance and exit, since a bottom plate is not particularly necessary, holes can be drilled in the pedestal or selected at any position from the gaps as shown in Fig. 23. In addition to ensuring the intrusion height from below a person, the height of the pedestal should be set to be higher than the immersion depth seen between the two waveforms of the predicted ebb-tide tsunami in the area to obtain the effect of exchanging fresh air and to ensure that it does not remain submerged in water. Natural air exchange can be expected, and thus the designed air volume can also be in units of the tsunami period, one hour. In extremely cold conditions, a connecting passage to the entrance of a house with a windbreak covered like an airplane tarp is installed to prevent sudden death from hypothermia. If the shelter is made to protrude halfway into the window of the house as shown in Figs. 24 and 25, it is very helpful to take shelter in a warm house. In houses with caregivers or the elderly, making use of empty rooms is effective. Considering that life is of utmost importance, the sacrifice of a single room shown in Fig. 26 of a house, which would be negligible, is not a big deal. There must be no interruption in ensuring safety and peace of mind during the time period. If the family is safe, the local residents are also safe. The shelter mounted on a trolley is good news for those who do not own a vehicle. It can be said that it is a shelter that is fairly useful to everyone. It can truly be said that it contributes to the safety and peace of mind of all local residents. A glimmer of hope can be seen in the cold and inorganic mass of numbers presenting the lives of many people who had given up, 320,000 people, and furthermore, the predicted 1 million victims. If it is made of precast concrete manufactured in a factory, it has a thickness of 0.20 m, requires less on-site work, and can be installed quickly. There is also a type with a bottom plate for structural reinforcement, but it is not particularly necessary for tsunami use. The entire bottom plate of the entrance and exit can be omitted. It can also be partially omitted or drilled. When it is made of iron and the self-weight of the shelter is insufficient, a concrete plate or an iron plate can be placed on the shelter as a weight, or a concrete block can be tied with a rope and wound around the shelter to serve as an anchor, which will have a great ripple effect on the industry. In the type that protrudes from the window of the house in Fig. 24, it is a cantilever type. If the shelter in Fig. 25 is made of iron, its weight is insufficient. Therefore, an example is given where an iron plate or a concrete plate is placed as a weight on the ceiling outside the house and further wound with an anchor rope to prevent floating and tipping.As the thickness of the iron plate is thinner, the intrusion length into the house becomes shorter, the impact on the window is less, the sense of oppression is less, and it can be made more compact. The iron plate is light against buoyancy. Just like an iron ship floats, additional weights are required. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 22, a long and heavy shelter can be mounted on the trailer. The access is from the bottom surface to the ground. Since there seems to be a demand for tsunami protection, it is also possible to have an integrated vehicle or a shelter-spec vehicle with a trailer-towed tractor from the beginning. In this case, a tsunami shelter with a reduced shelter height or vehicle height to increase the weight and reduce the external tsunami force and its overturning moment can be considered. Long. If long-term parking is assumed, the weight of the shelter can be reduced by rotating it with a rope at the ceiling. As a manufacturer, it can play a part in saving many lives, and although it may not reach 320,000, it can also accumulate the number of saved lives, which is an easy-to-understand social contribution and has great expectations. In terms of the volume of the shelter, when sufficient air volume cannot be obtained in the vehicle interior space, especially in the case of light vehicles, it is an effective means to prepare a small oxygen cylinder inside the shelter to replenish the necessary air volume for survival. Also, when the internal volume of the vehicle is restricted due to the introduction of tsunami water, the necessary air volume for survival can be ensured. Conversely, this allows the shelter to be intentionally designed smaller. The small oxygen cylinder is effective not only for light vehicles but also for double peace of mind regarding air replenishment for survival, improvement of safety, and unexpected tsunami duration. Or, if the duration from one wave of the tsunami to the ebb tide is 30 minutes according to the characteristics of the coastal area, only half of the air volume is required. Furthermore, from the vital capacity, it is also possible to count 0.5 people for the elderly and children. In the coastal area, the issue of determining the necessary air volume for survival with a realistic design can be solved. There are two countermeasures for the buoyancy of the vehicle during night parking. One is to keep the vehicle windows open, and the other is to take an anchor that can overcome the buoyancy with the windows closed. The former anchor is small because the tsunami enters as water weight, and at that time, the vehicle and engine will be damaged, but it can be regarded as a once-in-a-lifetime thing. It is necessary to enter the shelter before flooding. Also, if you think your life will be saved, it is not a pity at all. It is cheap and can be bought. Life cannot be bought. The latter has a large buoyancy for the whole vehicle, so as shown in Figure 27, a rope is wound above the vehicle ceiling, and the weight of the anchor at the end is also large. In this way, there is time to enter the vehicle and also enter the shelter. Although it is an everyday and complicated matter, the speed and safety can be increased depending on the ingenuity such as automation. Considering the shelter as luggage in Figures 23, 24, 25, and 26, it can be left on a separate pedestal without any hassle. In the shelter with the weight of the framework, the ceiling height is small compared to the length and width. For people taking shelter inside, if the internal height is 1m, they will be in a sitting position, and if it is 0.75m or 0.5m, they will be in a lying position. Figure 28 shows an iron shelter. A thin iron plate cannot resist buoyancy. A 7-cm thick iron plate is uneconomical. An iron ship floats due to buoyancy, and the buoyancy is that large.Therefore, it is necessary to place a weight on the ceiling or loop a rope tied to a concrete block around the ceiling as an anchor to bear the pulling force during floating, and the combined weight with the building weight must exceed the buoyancy. It is easier if the feet are extended below the bottom surface until the tsunami comes. The mouth for breathing air should naturally be upward to inhale the air compressed and rising to accumulate at the top plate and ceiling. The shelter on the pedestal will also be a salvation for those who do not have a car. In the schoolyard of an elementary school, many future schoolchildren will be saved. We must not prevent this. Production using a 3D printer is also easy.

[0011] Since the tsunami in the Nankai Trough repeats six waves over a six-hour period in coastal areas, the repeating six waves can be regarded as one wave per hour. As the tide recedes for half of the time, fresh air is automatically replenished and replaced when the water level at low tide is lower than the bottom of the shelter. So, there is an idea that one only needs to endure the inundation for 30 minutes, which is half of the time. This can be a hint for crisis avoidance. That is, the regional characteristic value of 0.5 m3 per person per hour can be used. Since children and the elderly have less lung capacity, it is also possible to arbitrarily interpret it as half of that, i.e., 0.25 m3 per person per hour. A person cannot survive without air in water. Considering this, it can be considered better than having no shelter at all, and it is also possible to adopt realistic values of less volume, such as 0.5 m3, 0.3 m3, and 0.25 m3. Since the tsunami can occur at any time, equipment according to the season and measures against the cold in winter are necessary. In this way, the issue of enabling corresponding measures according to each region, each person, and each season can be solved. Since it has an entrance / exit at the bottom, the internal drainage is fast, there is less humidity and condensation in normal times, and the issues of maintenance management and corrosion prevention, which are problematic for structures, can be solved. If one gets used to it, the turnbuckle can be used effectively, and it can be pulled and fixed while adjusting the tension of the rope. If there is enough space inside, preparing things like rubber boats and air mats inside can solve the problem of not getting wet even if there is inundation. Especially in winter, there is concern about hypothermia, and air mats and blankets are very helpful so as not to directly touch the cold loading platform with the body. Consider the optimal response for each season. By enabling evacuation according to the life scenarios and the number of people, the issues in a wider area can be solved. In particular, elementary schools, factories, fish markets, etc. are likely to attract attention. At the fish market, which is the workplace closest to the sea, one tidies up. The shelters mounted on vehicles or on pedestals are also a major feature in that they do not require troublesome foundation work. Neither pile driving nor excavation is required. There is no need for unknown workers to enter the site. Safety can be ensured almost in daily life. It is cheap, fast, and above all, convenient. Such things are important for popularization. As tsunami countermeasures, there may be a relationship with the Building Law and the Vehicle Law. However, it will eventually dawn on us that it is important to protect lives rather than strictly abide by the laws and overlook or ignore many foreseeable sacrifices. This should not happen after a disaster. Assuming that the laws will be revised in a good direction, it can be said that our mission is to consider how to revise the Special Law on Tsunami Countermeasures so that it moves in a good direction. This can solve the problems of troublesome basic construction work and building confirmation applications. Just this alone can save lives and solve problems.

Means to Solve Problems

[0012] To solve such problems, the vehicle-mounted or pedestal-mounted tsunami shelter of the present invention has an airtight upper closure with a necessary air volume for survival underwater even when submerged by a tsunami, and has a waterproof rotating door on the lower surface or side surface or a waterproof sliding door on the side surface as an entrance / exit. By doing so, the height from the lower surface to the top end can be utilized as the effective height of the air retention height, and it is a non-hermetic formed body that does not particularly require a bottom plate on the lower surface. The material of the shelter is made of a single body, composite body or laminate of reinforced plastic, plastic, non-woven fabric, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, rubber, silicon or concrete, and is designed to prevent floating, tipping and drifting during a tsunami. The shelter mounted inside the vehicle is protected by the vehicle body against the tsunami external force and is limited to floating up to the ceiling part. The shelter is compact or has excellent deformation performance according to the narrow space. An anchor is attached to the shelter to prevent swaying due to floating up to the ceiling, air mass escape and people escaping outside the vehicle. Alternatively, it can be a shelter in the form of a room enclosure integrated with the ceiling height of the vehicle, a shelter integrated with or united with the vehicle body, or a dedicated vehicle shelter for connection. When encountering a tsunami during vehicle movement, the door, door or window is opened to introduce tsunami water into the vehicle. Before flooding, evacuation is completed inside the shelter. The sum of the weight of the introduced water and the vehicle weight is greater than the buoyancy corresponding to the total sum of the air volume inside the vehicle including the shelter. When encountering a tsunami during parking including at night, an anchor that can overcome the buoyancy acting on the vehicle or the shelter can be attached to the vehicle itself. The shelter mounted on the truck bed outside the vehicle, towed trailer vehicle or pedestal has an entrance / exit from the ground to the lower surface, has the rigidity of the shelter body to resist the tsunami external force, and the sum of the weight of the shelter body or the weight of the weight placed on the shelter body or the weight of the anchor tied with ropes on both outer sides is greater than the buoyancy acting on the shelter body.

[0013] In addition, the shelters installed in vehicles of the non-train and non-bus passenger types of the present invention include shelters installed inside the vehicle. Among them, the shelters installed in vehicles of the non-train and non-bus passenger types with a low ceiling and a small passenger capacity are shelters compressed compactly for narrow vehicles, shelters with a shape like the tip of a rubber boot extended at the ceiling part and a recessed shape avoiding the handle part at the driver's seat, shelters with compressibility or deformability so that they can be inserted through the gap between the opened seat and the seat cushion, shelters folded horizontally or vertically, shelters that can be suspended and lowered in the ceiling storage, shelters with a tapered shape when the height from the floor to the ceiling is insufficient and a bifurcated tapered shape for a two-seater seat, or shelters with the whole surrounded by a net and the lower part tied with a cord or fastened with a fastener to prevent falling. Inside the shelter, the limbs, auxiliary frames, or compressed air cylinders and oxygen cylinders expand in volume, and a protective plate against floating objects can be set as needed. Or, when a rigid shelter cannot ensure the intrusion height between the bottom and the floor surface, a shelter with a waterproof rotating door or a waterproof sliding door on the side surface. Any of these shelters needs to prevent the escape of air masses and bubbles due to the sway of the water flow during floating. A method of fixing the shelter to a fixing frame like a cross arranged on the ceiling part or a fixing anchor, tying the rope arranged at the fixing part and the handle of the shelter under the seat post, both floating by buoyancy, closely adhering to the ceiling part, and physically preventing further floating by the ceiling. It is characterized in that it prevents escape outside the vehicle by the frictional force with the ceiling part or the anchor rope.

[0014] In addition, for the shelter installed in a train or bus of the present invention, among the vehicle-mounted types, for trains and buses with a high ceiling and a large number of passengers, the shelter installed inside the vehicle has pipes and rails laid on the ceiling part or poles erected beside the seats to serve as guides during the assembly, lowering, or floating of the shelter. Since the shaking is large in a tsunami with flooding, an anchor is required for the poles or the leg columns and fixing parts under the seats, and the ropes should be long. The shelter compressed and stored in the ceiling part is in a vertically long shape with a tapered shape downward or is a wire enclosure. It is lowered and expanded, and since the height to the ceiling is insufficient, it enters in a standing position from above the seat or on the floor. It expands in volume with hands, feet, auxiliary frames, compressed air cylinders, or oxygen cylinders, and a protective plate against floating objects is set as needed. The lower part of the wire enclosure is closed with a cord or a fastener so that people do not fall during floating. The shelter not stored in the ceiling part is stored in the seat backrest part, under the seat, or on the floor part. Since it floats to a height up to the ceiling and the feet cannot reach and breathing is difficult from the mouth, the height of the shelter is up to approximately 1 m. It expands in volume with hands, feet, auxiliary frames, compressed air cylinders, or oxygen cylinders on the seat cushion or on the floor, and a protective plate against floating objects is set as needed. The lower part of the wire enclosure is closed with a cord or a fastener so that people do not fall during floating, which is characterized by the above.

[0015] In addition, for the vehicle-integrated shelter of the present invention, for a single vehicle such as a passenger car or a bus, the vehicle-integrated shelter is provided at the rear of the vehicle. For a vehicle that requires a passage like a train, it has an arch shape with a passage secured at the rear or the central part of the vehicle. The entry and exit are from the side waterproof rotating door or the slide door part. The shelter is integrated with a part of the ceiling part, side part, or floor surface of the vehicle frame by welding or an adhesive, or is separated via a cushion material. The sum of the weight of the introduced water and the weight of the connected vehicles should exceed the buoyancy corresponding to the total volume of the air inside the vehicle including the personal shelter, or the volume of the air inside the vehicle into which water is introduced should be less than half, which is characterized by the above.

[0016] In addition, the tsunami shelter mounted on the truck bed outside the vehicle of the present invention, mounted on the trailer towed vehicle, or placed on a pedestal, the shelter mounted on the truck bed outside the vehicle, mounted on the trailer towed vehicle, or placed on a pedestal is made of heavy concrete, concrete filled in a formwork, steel plate composite concrete, or iron with a weight or anchor reaction force added on the shelter, and is configured to ensure a weight that overcomes the buoyancy due to the amount of air retained inside the shelter. The shelter has a three-dimensional shape with a height lower than either the width or the length to reduce the overturning moment caused by the tsunami. The entrance and exit are provided through the bottom space of the shelter protruding behind the vehicle bed, a hole cut through the rear of the bed, the gap between the vertical beams of the towed vehicle, or the space of the pedestal where the height of the bottom space of the shelter raised above the predicted tsunami inundation height at the time of ebb tide in the area is ensured.

[0017] In addition, the waterproof rotary door on the side surface of the rigid shelter of the present invention, the waterproof rotary door on the side surface of the shelter is mainly an inward-opening rotary door that can also support outward-opening. With the top of the door as the central axis of rotation, between the two ends of the door and the wall body in contact, there is a foldable fan-shaped membrane bag with excellent waterproofness and flexibility. After taking shelter in the shelter, it can be restored to its original state, and a handle is attached to the back or surface of the door. Or the waterproof sliding door on the side surface of the rigid shelter of the present invention, the sliding door on the side surface of the shelter is configured such that the door can be slid horizontally on the side surface of the shelter to open and close the entrance. The door is slidably stored in a door pocket with waterproof rubber provided on the vertical and horizontal two sides of the shelter entrance, and the remaining one side is fitted by a fitting packing provided around and the pulling force by a handle from the back side. It is a waterproof sliding door with a handle attached to the back or surface of the door, and the handle on the back is a retrofittable or storage type with the minimum protrusion.

Advantages of the Invention

[0018] If there are countermeasures and people can be saved, then disaster prevention can be carried out in advance. Although the total damage is estimated to be 170 trillion yen, it is not clear how many of those are human lives, but anyway, human life is precious. First of all, disaster prevention for human lives should be considered. There is hope that the lives of the 320,000 people who had given up and the 1 million victims can be saved. The person himself has no idea that he is counted as one of them. He understands it vaguely but doesn't think he will die. When there is hope of being saved, people become positive. All kinds of ideas come up. If it becomes possible to evacuate without interruption for 24 hours a year, people can have a peaceful daily life. How wonderful that would be. Community solidarity can be expected. If the burden during disasters increases due to the huge and long-delayed tsunami countermeasures in the budget for the reconstruction of the Tohoku region, Japan's sinking is clearly visible. Then, if crematoriums for 320,000 people are built and land is secured, the economic effect will be great. That Japan has been unable to respond despite the damage being predicted 10 years ago will be a complete embarrassment to the world. It is clearly a target for criticism. It is self-inflicted, and the world will only give a little relief money. These measures of self-help, mutual help, and public assistance that never progress no matter how long we wait, but first, a determination to protect one's own life by oneself is necessary. Family members can go together to pick up and drop off people going to school or work, enhancing the sense of unity and bond so that the family doesn't fall apart. Eventually, for a large number of people, if trailers, buses, and trains can be equipped, they can be installed along schools, factories, and national roads, and more groups and a larger number of people can be saved in more time slots. It is obvious to anyone's eyes that if we prepare for the tsunami that might come tomorrow, we can be safe from tomorrow. It will become the property of our family and society. It's money that we don't want to take to the grave, but we should be grateful for the precious time we have now, and it can truly be said to be a living way to use money. No one will say that this is a waste. If lives can be saved, life insurance companies won't go bankrupt either. The government might give subsidies for shelters. There will be unexpected ripple effects. The predicted number of deaths of 320,000 people in winter, at home during the dead of night, is considered to be instant death and drowning as their houses are washed away all at once, but in the present invention, even if the house is washed away, the life won't be washed away. Anyway, troublesome basic construction work is not required. Compared with the preciousness of life, it is extremely cheap. Commuter trains and buses will also be safe. Decisively, clean up the inside of the house, create empty space and install things, then even in the coldest midwinter, one can evacuate with ease. Just think of it as big furniture. Think of it as family heirlooms.It's too late to regret after death. One can make a decision while one is alive. The installation in the elementary school playground is a gift for the children with a future. It is obvious that the chance has a short deadline until the tsunami strikes. Despite suffering in the Tohoku region and being predicted and warned, Japan has spent 10 years just going through the motions of training, being complacent, good at making excuses and doing nothing, and will only be laughed at by the world. Let's make a flower bloom here. For those working alone in a fish market facing the sea or in a vast paddy field, the car-mounted shelter is reassuring, like a protective god that one can rely on without leaving one's side. This shelter will also become a saving god for those without a car. It will give a boost to the decision-making of the elderly who are hesitating to return their driver's licenses. If you don't use your car for a while, loop a rope around the roof of the car and anchor it to the concrete blocks on both sides. If it is placed on a pedestal, it can be installed permanently and is safe and reassuring. Precast concrete products are manufactured in factories, have good quality and are suitable for direct transportation. The period of entering the building site for construction is also short. When installing the shelter, if it is installed with its longitudinal direction facing the sea, the impact of the transverse wave will be less. Furthermore, the shelters on the loading platform and on the pedestal are also expected to be manufactured by 3D printers.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] Common reference numerals are used throughout the drawings and the detailed description to indicate the same elements.

[0021] When organizing the procedures, as an earthquake-time agreement, it is necessary to have public announcements and regulations on areas for first pulling the vehicle over to the left shoulder and parking it. It is crucial to engage the parking brake and turn off the engine, as the engine may become inoperable in water. Since it is necessary to perform basic operations skillfully, especially for drivers, regular enlightenment, education, and operation training are required. Here, vehicles equipped with tsunami shelters include light automobiles, ordinary automobiles, large automobiles, trailers, buses, and trains in terms of size, and are classified as passenger cars, trucks, buses, and trains in terms of usage. Each has limitations on the loading weight, length, width, height, and overhang amount. Naturally, the width is restricted during driving from the width of the lane. The limit on the overhang amount to the rear is easy to understand as 1 / 10 of the overall vehicle length for all vehicles. It is also possible to apply for special permission. Since the shelter is a wall structure, it may interfere with seeing the rear from the rearview mirror. Generally, however, trailers often carry containerized goods, and it is said that there is no particular problem as long as the rear can be confirmed with the side mirror during vehicle inspection. Then, it is also conceivable to mount an integrated vehicle body type or a shelter room on the vehicle. In local areas, there are many light automobiles that are maneuverable in daily life. For passenger cars, the basic requirement is to be able to be compressed compactly. For trains and buses with a large number of people and a high interior height, an integrated room type with an integrated shelter is effective. The weight of the shelter varies depending on the material. Since the materials have different specific gravities, the wall thicknesses are different for steel plates at 7.8, plastics at 1.2, and concrete at 2.3 - 2.5 respectively. For 1 m3, it is approximately 0.39 tons for a 1 cm thick steel plate, 0.18 tons for a 3 cm thick plastic, 0.6 tons for a 10 cm thick plastic, 2.5 tons for a 20 cm thick concrete, and 3.75 tons for a 30 cm thick concrete, which is useful for rough calculations. If the material is thin, the strength will be insufficient. A double structure, or inserting plastic bags upside down along the inner wall, provides double safety in case of an emergency and prevents air leakage. For the entrance and exit on the large open-bottom surface, wire mesh and floorboards can prevent floating debris from entering from below. For shelters that slope in from the ground or the floor, having external handle fittings and a pulling rope to pull in quickly makes it easier to enter quickly. When mounting a shelter inside a vehicle, there are restrictions on the number of people and space. Calculate the buoyancy generated from the shelter air volume and consider and determine whether the weight of the water introduced to resist it and the vehicle weight are appropriate.The required air volume is basically 1.0 m3 per person per hour. For children and the elderly, considering their lower vital capacity, a characteristic value of half is used. Since people cannot be carried on the truck bed, the front seats of the vehicle's seating capacity are limited to three people. However, since the shelter on the truck bed is more stable, assuming flooding with all glass windows fully open, it is advisable to move away from the driver's seat to the truck bed. This is a hint. Surprisingly, 2-ton trucks, 4-ton trucks, 6-ton trucks, and 10-ton trucks match the number of family members, making them easy to imagine. The shelter can also be considered as the cargo loaded on the truck bed. If it is considered as cargo, placing it on a pedestal will ensure safety and peace of mind for 24 hours throughout the year. In the following examples, each vehicle type is described, with some omissions and duplications, but there are common points among the vehicles during implementation, so please read through and refer to them for reference.

Example

[0022] As a representative of ordinary passenger cars, the internal dimensions of the vehicle are shown in Figure 1 as height * length * width = 1.2 m * 2.1 m * 1.5 m. The air volume is 3.78 m3. With the windows closed MaximumThere is a required amount of breathable air of 3.78 tons for survival. However, in water, a buoyant force of 3.78 tons acts on the vehicle body simultaneously. Even if the vehicle weight is 1 ton, a vehicle with closed windows will easily float, overturn, and drift. Therefore, open the windows to introduce the water load of the tsunami as a counterweight. As a guideline, when water is filled to a height of 0.6 m, which is half of the height above the floor, in a simple calculation, the buoyancy due to air when the windows are closed is 3.78 / 2 = 1.89 tons, and a balance can be achieved with the water load of 3.78 / 2 = 1.89 tons. Since the vehicle weight is 1 ton, the total weight is 2.89 tons, and it will not float and lose to the buoyancy of 1.89. Opening the windows and filling them with water may cause panic during an emergency, so urgent judgment and instant judgment need to be simplified. First, use 50% of half as a guideline for introduction. For a large tsunami inundation, if the windows are open, it will be full of water in an instant, and there is no need to consider it in detail. If the height below the window and the height of the door are 0.8 m above the floor, the inundation height entering the vehicle when the windows are fully open is 0.8 m, and the inundated water weight is 0.8 * 2.1 * 1.5 = 2.52 tons. However, since the air escapes from the vehicle body when the windows are fully open, the air volume is zero, and although it will not float, it is necessary to ensure the required amount of breathable air by filling the shelter with air before that. The air volume with the windows closed at an inundation height of 0.8 m is (1.2 - 0.8) * 2.1 * 1.5 = 1.26 m3. Even if the shelter is opened after inundation, the air below the water surface will not enter, and the air volume above the water surface remains the same, which is 1.26 m3 at most, which is too little as the air volume for all people. Still, it is necessary to open the shelter and take shelter inside before water enters. That is, it can be said that the lower part of the shelter is filled with air and submerged in water. Accordingly, the water volume and water weight will decrease, and the water level will rise. It is better to set it at about the window bottom, which is slightly above the water level of half of the guideline. Here too, the buoyancy is equivalent to the air volume of the shelter in water. If the windows are open, the air in the vehicle will escape, the water level in the shelter will rise, and the buoyancy will gradually increase. When the vehicle reaches the height of being submerged, 100% of the buoyant force acts on the shelter. The shelter contains the required amount of breathable air, so there is buoyancy due to the shelter volume. That is, the sum of the air volumes of the entire shelter is the air volume corresponding to the number of people required for survival. Naturally, it is less than or equal to the internal volume of the vehicle of 3.78 m3, and it is not possible to design the required air volume for survival as 5 m3 or 4 m3.The above is a safety-oriented consideration that ignores the vehicle weight. However, in the detailed calculations that take into account the vehicle weight described later, although the buoyancy due to the material volume of the vehicle body is ignored, it is also possible to design with a volume of 2.3 m³. It is necessary to proceed with countermeasures while understanding the difference between 1.26 m³ and 2.3 m³. In a compressed shelter like a rising goblin, cover the head like a lion dance, raise both hands, and expand the inside of the shelter. It is advisable to provide a lattice-shaped fixing frame and mounting fixtures for the shelter top end at the ceiling part. In both cases, it is necessary to attach anchors that resist buoyancy and shaking to the lower part of the vehicle seat and the seat pillars. A chuck-type rope chuck and a hook at the tip of the wound rope can be easily and quickly connected to the shelter handle. The driver must move nimbly. One must always be thinking about where to park and take shelter. Pull the side brake, open the window, turn off the engine, remove the seat belt, lower the shelter, and connect it to the hook of the anchor under the seat. Lift the feet and enter the shelter. Consider the order when opening the window, such as opening it from the rear windows on the left and right. When parked at home, it can be used as a shelter day or night. If the window is kept closed, the buoyancy will be large, but there will be time to enter the shelter after entering the vehicle. As shown in Fig. 27, use concrete blocks of weight that resist buoyancy to loop around the vehicle ceiling and other parts with two or more ropes and attach the anchors to both sides below. Four concrete blocks of 1 m³ weigh 9.2 tons, which is sufficient for the buoyancy of 3.78 tons of the internal volume of 3.78 m³ in the vehicle. In the above further example, calculate the non-floating limit when considering the vehicle weight against buoyancy. If it is determined that the required air volume for design is 3 m³, the actual water load added will be the remaining 3.78 - 3 = 0.78 tons. Even if the vehicle weight of 1 ton is added, 1.78 tons < the buoyancy of the shelter is 3 tons, and it will easily float. If it is ensured that the required air volume for design is 2 m³, it will be 3.78 - 2 = 1.78 m³. When the vehicle weight of 1 ton is added, the total weight is 2.78 tons > the buoyancy of the shelter is 2 tons, and it will not float. If the required air volume for design is further refined to 2.3 m³, it will be 3.78 - 2.3 = 1.48 m³. When the vehicle weight of 1 ton is added, the total weight is 2.48 tons > the buoyancy of the shelter is 2.3 tons, and it will not float in the calculation. By thus confining, the limit value of the required air volume for design for the vehicle not to float is obtained.However, it must be acknowledged that there is also buoyancy acting on the entire vehicle body and its shape. Although we have ignored it because there is a lot of space under the vehicle, it will need to be considered eventually. Moreover, tsunamis have lateral forces greater than expected, and yet making an immediate judgment is complicated. So, simply, if we consider submerging the vehicle to a height of at least about half by opening windows as a rough guide, which is about 50% - 60% of the internal volume, it will be easy to understand and serve as a guideline for instantaneous water conduction judgment in case of confusion. Once the limit value is determined, the necessary volume for the survival of the shelter inside the vehicle and the limit value of the number of passengers are determined. If we assume a required air volume of 1 m³ / hour per person with respect to the upper limit value of the shelter volume of 2.3 m³, the number of people taking shelter inside the vehicle will be 2.3. Here, a correction value is considered. If we assume that fresh air will enter again after withstanding the 6 waves of a tsunami for 30 minutes, then it will be possible to accommodate up to 2.3 / 2 = 4.6 people. There will be even more leeway if it is not a coastal area. Also, children and the elderly with low lung capacity can be considered to have half the oxygen consumption. This can also be considered as a margin for sending and receiving children to and from school. If the shelter volume is insufficient, it can be internally expanded with a small air cylinder, and a small oxygen cylinder can be placed inside the shelter. Carrying a small oxygen cylinder on the floor can be used for replenishment when the air becomes thin. By incorporating such judgment criteria that can be independently handled by the driver, the possibility of flexible response can be expanded. If the shelter is ceiling-mounted, it should be made into a stretchable bag like the shell of a pillbug. Pull it down, get inside, and if possible, tuck your feet into the handholds, shake it down to your feet, tie it to the anchor under the seat, and then finally sit down on the seat cushion. Caution is required as it will float up and the air will form a mass and escape from the bottom if the anchor is not attached. Since there are many driver's situation judgments and operations such as door opening and closing operations and window up and down operations, training is necessary. When all four windows are fully opened, it is severe as it will be exposed to the intrusion of a tsunami and floating debris. So, should the rear window be opened or only one window be opened? Since we want to look outside to grasp the situation and make a judgment, it is desirable for the shelter to be transparent, but it is difficult because it is easily deteriorated by ultraviolet rays. In addition to this, when a large tsunami comes, for example, if it is 10 m high, the air volume in the shelter will be halved according to Boyle's law. Since the buoyancy is equivalent to the volume of the water body excluded, the buoyancy will also be halved, thus avoiding floating. That is to say, it can be said that there is a possibility of accommodating four people for evacuation. For the rear seats, in addition to the shelter from the ceiling, a silicon-made three-dimensional shape that can be freely deformed is also conceivable. If it is like rubber boots, it can be deformed, and unexpectedly, making the ceiling part have a large area and large volume is effective for increasing the volume. A silicon-made that can be freely deformed with a depression on one side surface of the vertical part of the shaped body is convenient when inserting from the car door as the seat cushion does not get in the way. If it is impossible to ensure sufficient shelter volume anyway, a small oxygen cylinder can be provided under the seat to make up for the lack of the formed body volume. As a device, since the shelter gets in the way, it is made into a compressed and compact form, and it can be suspended in a compressed manner from the ceiling, placed horizontally on a shelf provided on the ceiling, leaned against along the space part, or if the seat can be folded down or removed, it can be placed flat on the floor. In the hatchback type, the space opened at the rear can be used, and in the van type, the floor surface for luggage can be used. In the spare space, a rigid shelter with a ceiling height of 1.2 * width of 1.5 * depth of 1.0 = 1.8 m3 < 3.78 * 1 / 2 can be made. If there is no margin in the ceiling height and it is impossible to enter from below, a waterproof rotating door and a sliding door can be attached to the side surface, so that a large intrusion height can be obtained up to the ceiling. Here, also as a measure for the family at night, a 1 m3 foldable shelter is inserted on the driver's seat, and a rope is looped around the bumper, roof, trunk or towing member of the vehicle as an anchor to counteract the buoyancy of the air volume with the window closed. With respect to the buoyancy of the entire vehicle of 3.78 tons, since a 0.8 m3 concrete block weighs 1.17 tons, arranging 4 blocks can ensure the safety of increasing the family at night. Also in this case, enter the shelter in the car in advance. Although the story changes here, the tsunamis faced in reality are not always of the assumed size. In the case of a small tsunami about 1 m high, the vehicle will be buoyed up until the water level reaches below the window, so it has been proven in previous tsunamis that it will float, flow back, and drift like a boat. Therefore, for a tsunami that can be self-judged to be initially small during movement, unlock the car door and perform a repeated operation of opening it by 1 cm to 10 cm wide to open the door and promote water ingress from the floor surface.As a small tool, wedges and spacers sandwiched between the door are useful for the initial movement against external water pressure. (Integrated type) Here, since the shelter that floats inside the vehicle is unstable and has a complicated operation, a room-shaped shelter that fits within the frame of the ceiling height and vehicle width and adheres closely to the vehicle body is considered. Since the floating up to the ceiling is restricted, it is possible to feel safe without floating up. Furthermore, a special specification tsunami shelter car integrated with an integrated frame that also serves as the vehicle body frame of the vehicle and a shelter with a replaced outer frame is considered. It is made of steel or high-strength plastic, and a shelter room is provided at the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle body is either integrated or inscribed, and a cushioning material for integration or separation with welding or an adhesive is placed at the boundary. Although a bottom plate is not necessary, it may be provided partially for shape maintenance, or partial spot welding may be used between the lower end and the floor. Care must be taken when making it airtight by full welding as the external pressure difference will be large. Figure 12When the axle shaft protrudes in the longitudinal direction inside the vehicle shown, notch the side surface in a semi-circular shape, weld around the shaft, or use a sealing waterproof structure. The protrusion around the tire should be bent to avoid the side surface. Notching will reduce the effective height of air retention. The access and egress shall be through the waterproof rotating door and the waterproof sliding door on the side surface. However, a weight exceeding the buoyancy of the vehicle is still required. Open the vehicle window to introduce the water load of the tsunami. Since there is a shelter volume, the front part of the driver's seat will be filled with water. If the volume of the shelter room can be extended by integrating it with the rear part to increase the vehicle length, it is possible to calculate the air volume for the number of evacuees against the tsunami buoyancy. Although it is difficult to see the rearview mirror in a room-type shelter, it is said that it is sufficient if the rear can be seen from the side mirror during vehicle inspection. When the vehicle equipped with the shelter is parked at home, it can be utilized as a shelter day or night even when not in motion. If the window is kept closed, there will be time to enter the shelter after entering the vehicle. Tie concrete blocks that resist buoyancy with ropes to the vehicle bumper, roof, trunk, and towing fixtures, and anchor them on both sides below. Four 1m3 concrete blocks weighing 9.2 tons are sufficient for the buoyancy of 3.78 tons of the vehicle's empty volume of 3.78m3. The waterproof rotating door of the shelter should open inwards. With the top of the door as the central axis of rotation, between the adjacent wall bodies at both ends of the door, use a film bag with excellent waterproof and flexibility properties and return it to its original state after taking shelter inside. It is convenient to attach handles that can be stored without getting in the way on both the inside and outside of the door. In the shelter, handles for attaching ropes to pull are very useful.

Embodiment

[0023] Light passenger cars are common in rural areas. As a representative vehicle, the internal air volume is height * length * width = 1.2m * 1.8m * 1.2m = 2.59m³. It can be said that when the windows are closed, there is a minimum required air volume of 2.59 tons for survival. However, at the same time, a buoyancy force of 2.59 tons acts on the vehicle body. Even if the light vehicle weighs 0.7 tons, the vehicle can easily float and overturn. Therefore, as a rough estimate, if water is filled to a height of 0.6m, which is half of the height from the floor, according to simple calculations, the buoyancy force due to air is 2.59 / 2 = 1.30 tons, and the water load is 2.59 / 2 = 1.30 tons, achieving a balance. Since the light vehicle weighs 0.7 tons, adding this gives a total of 2.00 tons, which is not less than the buoyancy force of 1.30 tons, so it can be said that the vehicle will not float. If the height below the window is 0.8m from the floor, when the windows are fully open, the water immersion height entering the vehicle is 0.8m, and the immersed water weight is 0.8 * 1.8 * 1.2 = 1.73 tons. However, when the windows are fully open, air escapes from the vehicle body, so the air volume is zero, and the vehicle will not float. But before that, it is necessary to fill the shelter with air to ensure the minimum required air volume for survival. The air volume with the windows closed at an immersion height of 0.8m is (1.2 - 0.8) * 1.8 * 1.2 = 0.86m³. After immersion, even if the shelter is opened, the air volume above the water surface remains the same at 0.86m³, which is too little. Therefore, it is still necessary to open the shelter and take shelter inside before water enters. That is to say, the lower part of the shelter can be said to be underwater. Accordingly, the water volume decreases, and the water weight also decreases. Since the shelter contains the minimum required air volume for survival, there is buoyancy due to the shelter volume. That is, the sum of the air volumes of all shelters is the air volume corresponding to the number of people requiring survival. Naturally, it is less than or equal to the internal volume of the vehicle, 2.59m³. It is not possible to set the minimum required air volume to 4m³ or 3m³. Calculating in the same way as for a passenger car, if the designed required air volume is 1.6m³, then 2.59 - 1.6 = 0.99m³. Adding the light vehicle weight of 0.7 tons, the total weight is 1.69 tons > the air buoyancy of the shelter, 1.6 tons, and it just barely does not float in the calculation. By confining it in this way, the limit value of the designed required air volume for the vehicle not to float is obtained. Once the limit value is obtained, the minimum required volume for survival of the shelter inside the vehicle and the limit value of the number of passengers are determined. For a shelter volume upper limit of 1.6m³ and a required air volume of 1m³ / hour / person, the number of people taking shelter in the shelter is 1.6. Here, consider the correction value.For the six waves of a tsunami, if one can endure for 30 minutes, fresh air will enter again, making it possible to accommodate up to 1.6 / 2 = 3.2 people. There will be even more leeway if it is not in the coastal area. Also, children with low lung capacity and the elderly can be considered to have half the oxygen consumption. It can also be considered as a buffer for taking children to and from school. By incorporating such driver-specific judgment criteria, the possibility of flexible response can be expanded. It is recommended to use small oxygen cylinders in combination. When parking in the yard at night, if the vehicle is tied to an anchor in the ground or a concrete block with a rope, it can sufficiently resist the buoyancy of the vehicle. Since the number of family members increases at night, prepare a 1 m³ deformable shelter and use concrete blocks with an anchor weight of 2.29 tons or more to run ropes along both sides of the vehicle, then additional family members can be accommodated. Or, it can be divided into two cars. One can feel at ease even at night. It is possible to have an integrated type at the rear of a light vehicle in the same way as a passenger car. Especially in the recent box type, it is easy to integrate.

Example

[0024] In the case of vans, wagon types, and box types, the ceiling height is low, so it is generally the same concept as that of passenger cars and light motor vehicles. Open the window to introduce the water load. However, only the space for loading luggage can be utilized. If the shelter is a cube of 1m * 1m * 1m, the air volume is 1m3, and it will easily float up and stick to the ceiling. It is better to make the top edge of the shelter curved so as not to damage the ceiling surface of the vehicle and to be more familiar. However, in order for people to enter, one end needs to be lifted, and a space height of 40 cm from the floor is required. For a high-strength plastic polycarbonate resin with a strength of 0.8m * 1.12m * 1.12m = 1.00m3, the specific gravity is 1.2 and the thickness is 1 cm. (4 sheets * 1.12 * 0.8 + 1 sheet * 1.12 * 1.12) * 0.01 * 1.2 = 0.058 tons, and it is possible to lift one side and enter. When the height is insufficient, it is also conceivable to make the three-dimensional side part a waterproof rotating door or a sliding door. It is also possible to raise the rear bumper and enter from the lower rear, but it is difficult to escape after a tsunami depending on whether the rear door can be opened by operating from the inside of the car. Or make it made of deformable silicon. The deformable silicon type is convenient because the seat does not get in the way even when inserting from the car door. In the case of a general cube or a general frustum of a cone, the number of passengers can be stacked. Provide a handle under the shelter so that an anchor can be attached, and require a rope anchor and fixation to the leg column under the chair. The vehicle weight is roughly between 1.8 tons and 2.0 tons. For two adults, if it is placed on the floor in the space at the rear of the seat, the shelter has a height of 1.2 from the floor * the front-rear space of 1.5 * the vehicle width of 1.3 = 2.34m3, and basically 2.0m3 can be cleared. However, since the entrance and exit of the shelter cannot protrude to the rear, a shelter with a waterproof rotating door and a sliding door on the side wall of the shelter is used. If it is a 4-seater, a volume of 2m3 is required, and a buoyancy of 2 tons acts, but the vehicle weight that resists it is just enough. In a wagon car with a large number of passengers, if it is a 6-seater, a volume of 3m3 is required, and there is no vehicle weight to resist the buoyancy of 3 tons, so measures such as making the shelter heavier or mounting a weight are required. For 5 children going to and from kindergarten, the shelter will also be smaller, so (1 + 0.5 * 5) * 0.5 = 1.75 tons and the vehicle weight exceeds the buoyancy. As a comprehensive judgment, here also consider opening the windows and doors to flood during a tsunami. When parking at night, on the contrary, the number of passengers is considered to decrease.As an image, if it is made of polycarbonate, a reinforced resin, it has a specific gravity of 1.2 and excellent strength. For a cube of 1m * 1m * 1m with a thickness of 1cm, the weight can be simply calculated as 1m * 1m * 5 sides * 0.01 * 1.2 = 0.06 tons. Lift one end and with a force of 30 kg, it can somehow be placed inside. If a rod is placed below, it can easily take shelter inside. Since it will stop rising as soon as it touches the ceiling, it is reassuring. For a large number of people, three-dimensional shapes can be stacked. The top end should have a bend so as not to dig into the ceiling, or prepare a cushion such as a zabuton. At the bottom, attach an anchor to the leg posts under the chair for stability.

Example

[0025] In minibuses, buses for picking up and dropping off kindergarten children, and school buses, the ceiling is relatively high and the space is large. There is one entrance / exit, and the bus has one or two exits. It is obvious that it will easily float away without opening the window, so open the lift door to let in the weight of the water. These entrances / exits are located at a low position on the floor and can easily take in tsunami water up to the middle when opened. Since the passengers are identified, in addition to the three-dimensional shaped shelter, a foldable one-person type should be stored at all times according to the seating capacity. Parents can send their children off with confidence. Open the children's shelter on the seat and wear it like a life buoy or a life jacket. Since the buoyancy is large, choose between a hanging type from the ceiling or a covering type. The bottom of the shelter is tied with the rope of the anchor provided under the seat. The passage space between the seats can also be utilized. The height of the shelter should be about 1m or less. In Figure 6, it can be said that the rope needs to be relatively long due to the high ceiling.

Example

[0026] In a route bus with a high ceiling space and a large capacity, for a representative example of a medium-sized bus, the interior height space volume between the ceiling and the floor is height * length * width = 2.2m * 9m * 2.3m = 45.54m3. If we take half of the space height as a guideline for water introduction, it is straightforward. The water load is 23 tons, and since the buoyancy and the water weight balance out, it is straightforward both in terms of calculation and evacuation training. Additionally, the vehicle weight of about 8 tons acts on the safe side, and the vehicle will not float with a weight of 31 tons. After that, even if the door is closed, it will not float, and even if it remains open, it will be full of water and will surely not float. The operating company needs to determine the procedure in advance. If the ceiling height is 2.2m, with a seat height of 0.4m, the space height from the seat to the ceiling is 1.8m. If we lower a suspended shelter from the ceiling storage, it can be used as a shelter for two people with two seats. Calculating, 1.0 (seat width) * 0.8 (distance between seats front and back) * 1.8 (height) = 1.44m3 can be secured, and it will be a shelter that can accommodate slightly less than two people. However, since the height is 1.8m, it will curl up, so it should be tapered towards the feet. In addition, it is necessary to attach an anchor to the leg pillar under the seat. In this case, for the shelter, one can enter from the head and stand on the floor between the seats. Furthermore, if it is made longer, it can also be laid on the buttocks. As an alternative idea, instead of a suspended shelter, the upper part and the tip can be made free, like a rising little samurai or a cocked hat, so that it can tilt freely. The lower part can be in a shape that can be laid on the buttocks. However, the buoyancy that immediately floats up to the ceiling is strong, and the effective height is about 1m. Consider extending it towards the aisle side. Stand a pole beside the seat and think of it as a guide for shelter storage and lowering. The dimensions of the shelter should be determined individually considering the ceiling height, seat height, and aisle width. Cover the entire shelter with a net, and expand it by hand or use an expansion auxiliary frame at the top and bottom to expand the volume and maintain the shape. Close the net at the bottom or fasten it to prevent people from falling. When storing, it is also considered to connect it in advance with an anchor rope under the seat. (Integral type) Install it on the bus, penetrate the ceiling and install it on the entire rear cross-section. For a regular bus with a capacity of 40 people, in the case of a medium-sized bus, a room-shaped shelter that adheres to the inner cross-section of the bus is installed at the rear. As a coastal running bus, with a height of 2.2 m, a length of 3.0 m, a width of 2.5 m = 16.5 m³, although the air volume for the full capacity cannot be ensured but is insufficient, it will be used in combination with the personal shelters for the people remaining in the seats. However, with a floor area of 3.0 * 2.5 = 7.5 m² and assuming 4 people / m², the limit is 30 people. So, for the normal operation level of passengers, it's okay, but in the case of almost full occupancy, it is necessary to either keep sitting or carry children on the shoulders and forcefully squeeze them in. The entrance and exit of the room-shaped shelter shall be provided with a rotatable door with an airtight and waterproof property about 1 m in height. Since the buoyancy is 16.5 tons and the total vehicle weight is about 8 tons, 16.5 - 8 = 8.5 tons is the weight shortage. If the shelter is made of steel, the steel area = (2.2 * 3.0 * 2 sheets + 2.5 * 3 + 2.2 * 2.5 * 2 sheets) = 31.7 m². By calculating the thickness inversely, 8 / 31.7 * 7.8 = 0.032 m, that is, a steel sheet with a thickness of 3.2 cm is required as a weight. Since that is not realistic, it is still an integrated type, but for the remaining part, open the doors and windows to introduce half of the water load. For the bus, a foldable shelter can be provided like a life-saving tool for a life-saving bodysuit and used in combination. Even if various combinations are considered, during a tsunami, by opening the doors and windows to promote flooding, it can be stable against tipping and resist a large buoyancy.

Example

[0027] The train runs along the coastal area and has a large passenger capacity. With so many lives at stake, the responsibility is great. We must think of something. First of all, if the windows remain closed, the train will be subjected to the lateral force of the tsunami and further buoyancy, and it is obvious from the previous case in eastern Japan that it will capsize and there will be no hope of survival. The interior space volume of the vehicle with the height between the ceiling and the floor, taking an example of height * length * width = 2.2m * 20m * 2.9m = 127.6m3, here, with the aim of opening the doors and introducing the tsunami water by using more than half of the space height. The water load will be 63.8 tons. Since the buoyancy and the water weight are in balance, it is simple both in calculation and in evacuation training. Moreover, with the vehicle weight of about 30 tons added to the safe side, the total weight of 93.8 tons will not float. If the ceiling height is 2.2m, the seat height is 0.4m, and the space height to the ceiling is 1.8m. Since the shelter filled with air will float to the ceiling, it can be said that the limit is about 1m in height. The remaining 0.8m below that, even if standing on the seat, is exposed, and first of all, the mouth for breathing cannot reach the ceiling. If the lower part of the shelter is tapered, it is effective for the escape of air bubbles. However, it is impossible to reach the ceiling height. Therefore, if the entire shelter is surrounded by a net, people enter it, and the lower part is closed with a rope or a fastener, the people inside the floating shelter will not fall. Or the ceiling part can be made into a lattice frame of the rail and used as a stable fixing part. Stand poles beside the seats, store the shelter in the ceiling part, and lower it along the poles. It will also serve as a sway resistance and a handrail to lean on. There is lighting and air conditioning on the ceiling, which is cumbersome. Since it floats to the ceiling, the luggage rack that gets in the way is removed. It can also be stored behind the seat back and under the seat. For a two-seater, a privacy shelter with a forked and tapered shape can be considered. In all cases, ropes and anchors from below are required to prevent falls and prevent people from escaping outside the vehicle. The length of the rope is the length that reaches the lower part of the shelter and the length that reaches a place 1m lower than the ceiling height. Since the lower space of the shelter is high, if it flips or tilts, the air will come out in a lump of bubbles, so it is necessary to anchor to the leg posts under the seat. In this case, the shelter can be entered from the head and stand on the floor between the seats, and if it is made even longer, it can also be laid on the buttocks. As an alternative plan, instead of a hanging-type shelter, the upper part and the tip are free, and it can be tilted freely like a rising little samurai or a cook's hat, and the lower part is in a shape that can be laid on the buttocks, and the form can also be considered.Since the space from the ceiling to the floor is large, two pipes and rails are arranged in parallel in the direction of the train on the ceiling of the passage, and a hanging shelter with a length from the ceiling to the floor is placed. Alternatively, it is necessary to devise such as standing poles beside the seats and using them for guiding when the shelter is compacted and lowered. If the height of the shelter is made too high, it will be difficult to control, and the mouth that sucks air will not reach, so the shelter is considered based on a height of about 1 m or less. The hem is anchored with a rope under the seat. For the operation training, students commuting to school should be regularly trained to move actively, which will also be reliable for the whole region in the future. (Integral type) Here too, since the shelter that rises inside the vehicle rises to a high ceiling, it is anxiety-provoking and the operation is complicated. Therefore, a room-shaped integrated shelter that fits within the frame of the ceiling height and vehicle width and adheres to the vehicle body is considered. It can be more reassuring without rising further. Furthermore, an integrated frame with the vehicle body frame of the vehicle or a tsunami shelter vehicle with a special shelter specification for connection is considered. In the case of an integrated shelter, it can be made of steel or reinforced plastic, and an arch shape or a semi-divided shape of a berm with a passage space removed in the rear or central part of the vehicle is considered. The main body is integrated mainly by welding or adhesive, or there is a boundary layer separation with an intervening cushion material. The entrances and exits are provided on both sides inside the arch of the passage section with their positions shifted to avoid congestion. The entrances and exits are provided with waterproof revolving doors or waterproof sliding doors on the side faces of the arch. If the height is 2.2 m * vehicle width 2.8 m * length 10 m, the air volume is 61.6 m3. If the passage is 0.7 m, the height is 1.5 m, and the lost space volume is 10 m3. Subtracting this, an air volume of 51.6 m3 can be expected. It can accommodate 51 to 102 people for evacuation and can also be used for evacuation from adjacent vehicles. Since half of it is the weight of tsunami water, it can be said that it will not float or overturn. In the ceiling part of the cross-section, vertical partitions and partition iron plates are placed in the train direction to ensure safety in case of air leakage. Furthermore, it is also possible to have a detachable and connectable shelter dedicated vehicle at the front and rear of the vehicle. In this case as well, floating can be avoided by introducing water load to the front and rear vehicles. In another trial calculation example where the length of the shelter integrated with the train is 5 m, at the center of one vehicle, for example, a shelter dedicated vehicle is connected in the middle of three connected vehicles to make it three vehicles. A passage for the conductor to come and go is secured in the center, and a windowless portal arch dome is provided with a passage width of 0.6 m and a low height of 1 m. It is provided on both sides of the passage and connected to the vehicle top end through the ceiling part. The box-shaped and portal-shaped shelter penetrates the passage part. Assuming the air conditioning part is removed, with a height of 3.0 m * length 5 m * width 2.8 m, passage height 1 m, and width 0.6 m, the cross-sectional area is (3 * 2.8 - 1 * 0.6) * length 5 = volume 39 m3, the air volume for 39 to 78 people, the bottom area is (2.8 - 0.6) * 5 = 11 m2, and for 4 people / m2, it is for 44 people. This also means ensuring a coefficient of 44 / 66 = 2 / 3. In the case of almost full occupancy of passengers, it is necessary to forcefully squeeze them in like carrying them on the shoulders.Alternatively, if passengers using the seats prepare individual shelters, the problem can be solved. If it is a portal-shaped shelter, it can prevent toppling. The entrance and exit shall be a revolving door about 1 m in height. Although the buoyancy is 39 tons, it is connected to a vehicle with a total vehicle weight of 40 tons before and after, so it is considered that there will be no buoyancy due to insufficient weight. If the shelter is made of steel, the steel area is the cross-sectional circumference (3 + 2.8 + 3 + 1 + 0.6 + 1) * length 5m = 57m2. Assuming a specific gravity of 7.8 and a thickness of 0.006m, the weight of the shelter will increase the burden by 2.7 tons. The increase in the burden of power consumption due to the weight of the shelter compared to the total weight of the vehicles before and after is 6.8%. Inserting diaphragms every 2m in the inner space will reinforce the cross-section. In case the train topples, if a partition board in the length direction is installed in the ceiling part, even if the train topples sideways, the air will not escape, so the safety factor will be doubled. In addition, it will bring a sense of security to equip general vehicles with foldable shelters for one person that reach the ceiling and store them vertically according to the number of people. Equipping the vehicle with a foldable shelter like a life-saving device for a life-saving bodysuit will bring a sense of security to trains running along the coast. Also in this case, during a tsunami, by opening the window to promote flooding, it will be stable against toppling and can also resist the large buoyancy.

Example

[0028] For trucks, trailers (tow - vehicles), and carts, since people cannot ride on the cargo bed, considering a maximum of three people in the driver's seat is sufficient. The height of the shelter should be as low as possible, so it should be smaller than either the length or the width. The basic height is 1.0 m. In reality, there is only enough air volume space for two people. If we consider a rectangular parallelepiped with a height of 1.0 m, a length of 1 m, and a width of 1.5 m, the volume is 1.0 m * 1 m * 1.5 m = 1.5 m³, and the buoyancy is 1.5 tons. Since the vehicle weight of a 2 - ton truck is 1.5 tons, it is still necessary to open the window to introduce water load. For trucks other than 2 - ton trucks, the air volume in the driver's seat is the same in all cases. It is necessary to decide in advance what to do based on the relationship with the vehicle weight. Trucks are for carrying goods, and there are 2 - ton, 4 - ton, 6 - ton, and 10 - ton trucks. As shelters, the buoyancies should be within 2 tons, 4 tons, 6 tons, and 10 tons respectively, otherwise they will float. The volumes at that time are 2 m³, 4 m³, 6 m³, and 10 m³ respectively, so the shelters are for 2 people, 4 people, 6 people, and 10 people respectively. However, the passengers during driving are up to three people in the driver's seat, so more people cannot be placed on the cargo bed. Moreover, people cannot be placed on the cargo bed while the vehicle is running originally. There is a hint here. 4 - ton, 6 - ton, and 10 - ton trucks other than 2 - ton trucks can be used as evacuation shelters while the vehicle is parked. Surprisingly, if they are left on the temporary receiving platform, pedestal, hereinafter referred to as the pedestal, before or after being loaded onto the vehicle, it will be more useful as a shelter. It becomes a shelter for a larger number of people without the limit of three people, and further, the effective use for 24 hours is extended. Also, when mounted on the truck cargo bed, as the shelter is as it is, since the cargo bed is the floor surface, people cannot get in or out. Therefore, by projecting the shelter behind the cargo bed, a space can be created at the bottom to ensure access from the ground. Or the center of the rear part of the vehicle cargo bed can be notched. The shelter exposed when mounted on the cargo bed is exposed to the wave force of tsunamis, lateral pressure, and collisions with floating objects. Furthermore, to withstand the buoyancy due to the air volume, if heavy concrete is used, the wall can be thickened to obtain strength that will not be destroyed. For the work before and after mounting on the truck cargo bed, place it on the pedestal separately. A unique truck with a crane is very useful for transfer. The important thing is to place it in a direction that is not easily overturned with respect to the coastal direction where the tsunami comes. The shelter on the pedestal becomes a reassuring ally for the family left behind during the day and all family members at night.Thinking in this way, one realizes that the truck itself may not be necessary except for transportation. If it is not necessary, the cost will be particularly economical. It can enter and exit from the space under the pedestal. If the pedestal is made of concrete blocks and is 30 to 70 cm high, the space for entry and exit can be secured by shifting it back and forth and left and right. If it is placed in the schoolyard of an elementary school, the senseless deaths of future aspiring schoolchildren will be eliminated. Moreover, if we say this is where the government can play its part, a clear and inexpensive tsunami shelter will spread rapidly, and the national task of saving many of the 320,000 or 1 million victims can be easily solved. The trailer tractor is easy to understand because it separately carries a box-shaped shelter for a large number of people. It can be clearly utilized as a tsunami countermeasure at home and as a tsunami countermeasure house. Of course, there are also expectations as a shelter car like a kitchen car or a camper. Because it has weight, it has a sense of stability. If the parking time and location are limited, the possibilities will expand. The entrance and exit are from the ground below and the space. For a large number of people, it is better to have multiple entrances and exits so that they do not concentrate. It can be made of reinforced concrete, or an iron frame, resin frame, or wooden frame filled with concrete, or a combination with a steel plate. Hereinafter, the internal height is unified to 1 m and calculated sequentially according to the number of people. For a 3-person shelter, if it is a rectangular parallelepiped with a height of 1 m, a length of 3 m, and a width of 1 m and a wall thickness of 20 cm, the buoyancy is 1.2 * 3.4 * 1.4 = 5.71 tons, and the weight is that the volume of the wall body is 5.71 - 3 = 2.71 m3, and multiplying by the specific gravity of 2.3 gives a weight of 6.23 tons > the buoyancy of 5.71 tons, so it will not float. For a 4-person shelter, if it is a rectangular parallelepiped with a height of 1 m, a length of 2 m, and a width of 2 m, the buoyancy is 1.2 * 2.4 * 2.4 = 6.91 tons, and the weight is that the volume of the wall body is 6.91 - 4 = 2.91, and multiplying by the specific gravity of 2.3 gives a weight of 6.69 tons < the buoyancy of 6.91 tons, so it will float. Therefore, the thickness of the concrete must be 30 cm as described above. The buoyancy is 1.3 * 2.6 * 2.6 = 8.79 tons. For reinforced concrete, the weight = (1.3 * 2.6 * 2.6 - 4) * 2.5 = 11.98 tons > the buoyancy of 8.79 tons, and it can be expected to be a stable shelter. In the case of an iron plate, with a thickness of 7 cm, (1 * 2 * 3 + 1 * 1 * 2) * (0.07 * 7.8) = 4.37 > 4, which is greater than the buoyancy and can pass, but it is too thick and can be said to lack suitability. If the buoyancy is set to 2 tons with a special case value for children with half the air volume, the thickness of the iron is half, which is 3.5 cm, but iron is still not realistic, so the applicable range needs to be explored.If the iron plate thickness is 1 cm, anchor it with concrete blocks, and loop a rope around the ceiling of the shelter, it is possible. However, anti-rust painting is required. The following calculations are the same, but since the trailer is basically considered suitable for a large number of people, the applicable range also expands for use in the schoolyard of an elementary school. For a 10-person capacity, a rectangular concrete block with a height of 1 m, length of 5 m, width of 2 m, and a thickness of 30 cm has a buoyancy of 1.3 * 5.6 * 2.6 = 18.93 tons. The weight is such that the volume of the wall is 18.93 - 10 = 8.93 m3, and multiplying by the specific gravity of 2.3 gives a weight of 20.54 tons > the buoyancy of 18.93 tons, so it does not float. For a 20-person capacity, it is for 40 children. A rectangular concrete block with a height of 1 m, length of 10 m, width of 2 m, and a thickness of 30 cm has a buoyancy of 1.3 * 10.6 * 2.6 = 35.83 tons. The weight is such that the volume of the wall is 35.83 - 20 = 15.83 m3, and multiplying by the specific gravity of 2.3 gives a weight of 36.40 tons > the buoyancy of 35.83 tons, so it just barely does not float. For a 30-person capacity and 60 children, a rectangular concrete block with a height of 1 m, length of 15 m, width of 2 m, and a thickness of 40 cm has a buoyancy of 1.4 * 15.80 * 2.8 = 61.94 tons. The weight is such that the volume of the wall is 61.94 - 30 = 31.94 m3, and multiplying by the specific gravity of 2.3 gives a weight of 73.46 tons > the buoyancy of 61.94 tons, so it just barely does not float. However, since a margin is desired for tsunamis, it is advisable to increase the wall thickness by another 10 cm or place concrete slabs as weights on the shelter. Furthermore, concrete blocks can be installed on both sides of the vehicle and a rope can be looped around the shelter ceiling to take an anchor. That is, in the case of a towed vehicle, if it is made of concrete with a shape that can have a weight to counteract the buoyancy, it can be said to be suitable for a large number of people. However, since the weight limit for driving on the road is up to 30 tons, it needs to be divided when driving. However, on the contrary, it may not be necessary to drive it deliberately. The lower the height of the shelter, the less affected it is by the transverse waves of the tsunami. Even if it is low, one can stretch one's feet down through the gap at the entrance and exit, and one can also lie down horizontally. Perform further preliminary calculations while taking into account organization. Consider the basic structure of the shelter placed on the pedestal. For a one-person shelter with an internal volume of 1 m³ in the shape of a 1*1*1 m cube without a bottom and a concrete thickness of 0.3 m, the volume of the outer shell is 1.3*1.6*1.6 = 3.328 t of buoyancy. The weight calculation is as follows: (1.3*1.6*1.6) - 1 = 2.328 m³ is the volume of the body wall. Assuming the specific gravity of reinforced concrete is 2.5, the weight is 5.82 tons > buoyancy of 3.328 tons. As a measure to reduce the wave force and lateral pressure of the tsunami, reduce the cross-sectional area and height of the pressure-receiving surface. Make the height as low as possible. Below, unify the internal height to 0.7 m and calculate sequentially according to the number of people.If the width is set to the maximum loadable width of the vehicle, which is 2.5 m, for resistance to toppling due to the lateral force of a tsunami, the inner width will be 1.9 m. The inner length is calculated inversely from an inner volume of 1 m³ and is 0.75 m. The inner volume is 0.7 * 1.9 * 0.75 = 1.00 m³. The volume of the outer shell is 1.0 * 2.5 * 1.35 = 3.375 t for buoyancy calculation. The weight calculation is as follows: (1.0 * 2.5 * 1.35) - 1 = 2.375 m³ is the volume of the body wall. Assuming the specific gravity of reinforced concrete is 2.5, the weight is 5.94 tons > buoyancy of 3.375 tons. For a two-person family, aiming to make the height as low as possible and setting the width to the maximum loadable width of the vehicle, the inner volume is 0.7 * 1.9 * 1.50 = 2.00 m³, the buoyancy is 1.0 * 2.5 * 2.1 = 5.25 tons, the volume of the body wall is (1.0 * 2.5 * 2.1) - 2 = 3.25 m³, and the weight multiplied by the specific gravity is 8.125 tons > buoyancy of 5.25 tons. For a three-person family with an inner volume of 3 m³, aiming to make the height as low as possible and setting the width to the maximum loadable width of the vehicle, the inner volume is 0.7 * 1.9 * 2.26 = 3.01 m³, the buoyancy is 1.0 * 2.5 * 2.86 = 7.15 tons, the volume of the outer shell wall is (1.0 * 2.5 * 2.86) - 3 = 4.15 m³, and multiplying by the specific gravity gives a weight of 10.38 tons > buoyancy of 7.15 tons. For a four-person family with an inner volume of 4 m³, aiming to make the height as low as possible and setting the width to the maximum loadable width of the vehicle, the inner volume is 0.7 * 1.9 * 3.01 = 4.00 m³, the buoyancy is 1.0 * 2.5 * 3.61 = 9.03 tons, the volume of the outer shell wall is (1.0 * 2.5 * 3.61) - 4 = 5.03 m³, and multiplying by the specific gravity gives a weight of 12.58 tons > buoyancy of 9.03 tons. For a five-person family with an inner volume of 5 m³, aiming to make the height as low as possible and setting the width to the maximum loadable width of the vehicle, the inner volume is 0.7 * 1.9 * 3.76 = 5.00 m³, the buoyancy is 1.0 * 2.5 * 4.36 = 10.9 tons, the volume of the outer shell wall is (1.0 * 2.5 * 4.36) - 5 = 5.9 m³, and multiplying by the specific gravity gives a weight of 14.75 tons > buoyancy of 10.95 tons. For a five-person family, that is, a truck with a load capacity of 15 tons can be prepared. Or, prepare separately for two-person and three-person use and load them on two vehicles. With a margin, if two three-person vehicles are used, it will be easier to transport with two vehicles. Using the special value of the vehicle width, the maximum loadable width of the vehicle is 3 m. Assuming it is for a family of three with an interior space of 3.3 m in length, height as low as possible, and width as the maximum loadable width of the vehicle, the interior volume is 0.7 * 2.4 * 1.79 = 3.01 m³, the buoyancy is 1.0 * 3.0 * 2.39 = 7.17 tons, the volume of the outer shell wall is (1.0 * 3.0 * 2.39) - 3 = 4.17 m³, and the weight multiplied by the specific gravity is 10.43 tons > buoyancy 7.17 tons. Above, arranging these in terms of weight / buoyancy for verification, 5.94 / 3.375 = 1.76, 8.125 / 5.25 = 1.55, 10.38 / 7.15 = 1.45, 12.58 / 9.03 = 1.39, 10.43 / 7.17 = 1.45, and the weight exceeds the buoyancy. Considering the impact load of floating objects, it cannot be said that there is a margin, so it is advisable to consider increasing the wall thickness by about 10 cm. If it is filled concrete integrated with a steel formwork, a wall thickness of about 10 cm is possible. Assuming the steel plate thickness is 6 mm and taking a 1 m cube for simple calculation, the weight is 2 * 0.06 * 1 m² * 5 faces * 7.8 + d * 1 m² * 5 faces * 2.3 > buoyancy 1 m³. Assuming d = 0.1, the weight is 1.618 tons > 1 ton, so if the thickness of the filled concrete is 10 cm, it will exceed the buoyancy. It is simple to transport only the iron frame and fill it with concrete on-site. The frame can be made of resin or a wooden frame. Further, explore the possibility of adopting precast concrete made in the factory. Although there is a risk of thinner member thickness, it is advantageous for quality uniformity and transportation. Site management and construction period are also not required. Assuming using standard products made in the factory for the time being, the interior space is 2.00 (inner width) * 0.7 (inner height) * 2.0 (product length) = 2.8 m³ in nominal dimensions, and the side wall thickness is 0.16 m with a weight of 5.7 tons as described. Adding one vertical side of the side wall and having a bottom surface, a hole of about 0.6 m needs to be drilled as an entrance and exit. It can be a shelter for up to two people. Since it has a splicing structure in the long side direction, adding one piece makes the length 4 m and the interior space 2 * 2.8 = 5.6 m³, and a shelter for 3 - 5 people is completed. These are placed on a pedestal. During the period of being placed and when not placed on a truck, they can serve as day and night evacuation shelters. It can be said that the possibility of becoming a hoped-for star for elementary school playgrounds, factories, fish markets, along national roads, and scavenging straw at roadside rest areas is emerging. It can accommodate group evacuations of about 30 people with a volume of 30 m³.It will serve as a shelter where 60 children, twice the number, can take refuge while playing in the schoolyard of an elementary school. There is no news like the one that many elementary school students became victims in a group in the previous tsunami running around the world. Teachers who are complacent because they have carried out evacuation activities and teachers who are said to be thinking nothing will also be motivated. If there is a realistic way to save lives, the mental burden on the teaching staff can be reduced. It is considered that one tractor vehicle for towing and two, three, or more towed vehicles can be added. For greater safety, it is advisable to take anchors according to buoyancy and air volume, such as rope anchors to concrete blocks. Also, by utilizing the gaps in the floor structure between the longitudinal beams of the trailer truck and the gaps in the horizontal beam structure, people can freely enter and exit from the ground, the air retention height becomes the full height, and the air volume of the shelter can be taken large without loss. The bottom of the shelter is not particularly necessary, but using a bridging board on the two longitudinal beams of the trailer or having something like a net can prevent the intrusion of floating debris and allow people to lie down and rest. The entrance and exit are preferably from below for effectively securing the air volume in water. In a factory site, many employees during working hours can be saved. As an operator, protecting the lives of employees and the supply chain is a social responsibility and mission. If weights and anchors are taken with concrete blocks, there will be additional resistance to tipping. As an economical weight at night when parked or during the day in the schoolyard, if concrete blocks weighing 2.3 - 2.5 tons per cubic meter are effectively utilized, it is easier to obtain the anchor reaction weight even for a larger number of people. In this way, by using a trailer towed vehicle, the problem of evacuating a large number of people can be solved. Looking at it this way, it is also conceivable to separate the leading trailer and the towed truck. The trailer can go to another customer, and the tsunami shelter can be left on the towed truck. Furthermore, it is noticed that it will be simpler if the towed truck can be omitted. A dedicated receiving base and pedestal can always carry the shelter on top, and the safe and secure area will expand dramatically. If the pedestal has a gap for people to enter and exit from the ground, if it is a concrete block, it can withstand the upper load, and moreover, it is inexpensive because it has a free shape and can be freely relocated.When placed on the pedestal shown in Fig. 23, it is possible to place the tsunami shelter on the pedestal which serves as a luggage storage area for loading and unloading before and after transportation and before and after loading onto the trolley. Moreover, since tractors and towing vehicles for trailers are only needed during transportation, it is possible to use only the tsunami shelter placed on the pedestal. Since the procurement of trailers is expensive, it is not affordable for ordinary people. If the pedestal has the same function, it will be extremely cheap. The number of safe hours * people will be available at all times and will increase significantly. People can enter and exit from under the pedestal. In the dead of winter and in the middle of the night when 320,000 people are said to have died, it is advisable to communicate through the wind tunnel from the living quarters for extreme cold. Not only schoolyards, but also open spaces such as factories, fish markets, roadside stations, convenience stores, and fallow fields can be used. If shared shelters are arranged and a regional evacuation map is created, it will be even more reassuring and can also be used by tourists. A declaration of a tsunami-safe city can also be made. Further consideration reveals that due to the current situation of aging and depopulation in rural areas, it is also effective to install the tsunami shelter in the form of intrusion into the window part of the house as shown in Figs. 24 and 25, in a partially penetrating form, and even in the vacant rooms and spaces in one's own home as shown in Fig. 26. Elderly people who feel abandoned can evacuate immediately by themselves, so it can be said that a glimmer of hope for rescue is in sight. In addition to being made of iron, it is also light, and as long as an iron ship floats, if weights are placed on the shelter as shown in Fig. 28 or anchors are attached to both sides and pulled with ropes, it will not float. The shelter mounted on a vehicle or placed on a pedestal does not require foundation work, does not require an excavator such as a shovel car, and does not require breaking down the gate of the house. There is no risk of the house tilting due to excavation. There is no entry of unknown construction workers. There is no long-term construction work. Also, since the shelter is mounted or placed on a vehicle or pedestal, it is the vehicle itself or a luggage storage area, and since there are no design standards stipulated in the Building Law, it cannot be designed as a building, so it cannot be reviewed and no building confirmation application is required. What is awaited is the early stipulation of the design law by the state. At the current stage, it can be said that there is no troublesome foundation work and the issue of building confirmation applications can be solved.

Example

[0029] The installation of the shelter ensures a space height of, for example, 0.7m, with access from below. If a pedestal provides a 0.7m space, it is easy to enter and exit from the ground. Since the shelter has no floor and no bottom plate and is not a building for people to live in, it is considered that no building standard application is required. However, it is advisable to consult the authorities in advance to determine whether reasons such as temporary property, movable property, transportable property, specific property for saving lives, and not being a building for living due to no floor hold true. Although the building coverage ratio is a concern, one strategy is to first build a track record with houses on large plots of land, houses in paddy fields, and houses in urbanization control areas. The procedures for a 100-person warehouse in Inaba are also a reference. For the design external force, the wave pressure of a tsunami is about three times the hydrostatic pressure of the wave height. Based on this, structural calculations are performed, the overturning moment is determined, and countermeasures are taken to prevent overturning. The required air volume inside the shelter is determined from the tsunami arrival time, predicted tsunami height, waveform duration, the one-hour required air volume for adults, children, and the elderly, and the size of the vital capacity. Most importantly, training should be repeated to ensure that the time to secure the shelter, open the shelter, remove the anchor, enter it, open the door or window to let in the tsunami water is within one minute. High school students who commute by train play a leading role. Elementary school students, kindergarten children, and nursery school children in the schoolyard should also be trained within one minute. The heroic image of the teacher carrying the familiar kindergarten children to safety shown every year is painful deception of children. Since air leakage is fatal for the shelter, as a double safety measure, plastic bags such as plastic bags and airtight sheet bags should be placed along the inner walls. On the side facing the tsunami, a protective device such as a board slightly longer than the width of the shelter, like a sleeper, for reducing the impact force of drifting objects, or a cushioning device such as a tire should be provided. In a shelter for a large number of people, since it will not get wet from the tsunami flooding, it is advisable to equip it with a floor made of planks, a boat, a vinyl floating floor, or boards inside. If there are not enough places for the number of people, it is also wise to divide it into two or three units. In any case, for a large number of people, if it can be mounted on a dump truck or a trailer, it can be installed along schools, factories, and national roads, and many people can be saved. Trailer shelter cars and shelter houses seem to be becoming a reality.

Explanation of symbols

[0030] 1 vehicle, car body 2 shelter, shelter with a handle 3 Bed surface 4 Ceiling, ceiling part 5 Seats, the leg columns below them, the ropes connecting them, and the anchors 6 Tsunami water to be introduced and its water level 7 Net surrounding the shelter 8 Tapered shelter 9 People taking shelter 10 Long rope 11 Rubber boot-shaped shelter at the ceiling part, shelter along the shape of the interior of the vehicle 12 Shelter in a double-strand form 13 Horizontally folded shelter 14 Vertically folded shelter 15 Integrated shelter up to the ceiling height 16 Waterproof rotating door on the side surface 17 Folded fan-shaped waterproof curtain 18 Sliding door on the side surface 19 Rigid shelter 20 Train 21 Vehicle-integrated shelter at the central part 22 Arch-shaped passage at the central part of the vehicle 23 Waterproof rotating doors on both sides of the passage, waterproof rotating door at the rear of the vehicle 24 Partition vertical wall provided at the central ceiling part 25 Special vehicle for connecting shelters 26 Bus 27 Truck 28 Shelter without a bottom plate protruding from the loading platform 29 Entrance / exit from the ground 30 Trailer towed vehicle 31 Pedestal 32 Holes, gaps, spaces leading to the shelter without a bottom plate placed on the pedestal 33 House 34 Shelter without a bottom plate protruding into the house 35 Shelter without a bottom plate placed on the pedestal inside the house 36 Anchor of concrete block 37 Windows, doors, gates 38 Handles 39 Bottom iron plate 40 Ground, floor 41 Iron shelter without a bottom plate protruding into the house 42 Hammers 43 Ropes, Anchors 44 Shelters Placed on Pedestals 45 Waterproof Door Bags 46 Fitting Packings

Claims

1. A tsunami shelter mounted on a vehicle or placed on a pedestal has an airtight upper closure with a necessary air volume for survival underwater even when submerged by a tsunami. It has a waterproof rotating door on the lower surface or side surface or a waterproof sliding door on the side surface as an entrance / exit, and by doing so, the height from the lower surface to the top end can be utilized as the effective height of the air-retaining height. It is a non-hermetic formed body that does not particularly require a bottom plate on the lower surface. The material of the shelter is made of a single body, composite, or laminate of reinforced plastic, plastic, non-woven fabric, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, rubber, silicon, or concrete, and is designed to prevent floating, overturning, and drifting during a tsunami. The shelter mounted inside the vehicle is protected by the vehicle body against the external force of the tsunami and is limited to floating up to the ceiling part. The shelter is compact or has excellent deformation performance to fit into a narrow space. An anchor is attached to the shelter to prevent swaying due to floating up to the ceiling, air mass escape, and people escaping outside the vehicle. Alternatively, it can be a shelter in the form of a room enclosure integrated with the ceiling height of the vehicle, a shelter integrated and combined with the vehicle body, or a dedicated vehicle shelter for connection. When encountering a tsunami during vehicle movement, the door, door, or window is opened to introduce tsunami water into the vehicle. Before flooding, take shelter inside the shelter. The sum of the weight of the introduced water and the vehicle weight should exceed the buoyancy corresponding to the total air volume inside the vehicle including the shelter. When encountering a tsunami during parking including at night, the vehicle can attach an anchor that exceeds the buoyancy acting on the vehicle or the shelter to the vehicle itself. The shelter mounted on the truck bed outside the vehicle, towed by a trailer, or placed on a pedestal all have access from the ground to the lower surface, have the rigidity of the shelter body to resist the external force of the tsunami, and the sum of the weight of the shelter body or the weight of the weight placed on the shelter body or the weight of the anchor tied with ropes on both outer sides exceeds the buoyancy acting on the shelter body. A tsunami shelter mounted on a vehicle or placed on a pedestal, characterized by the above.

2. Among the shelters installed inside the vehicle, the shelters installed in vehicles other than passenger trains and buses with a low ceiling and a small number of passengers are shelters compressed into a compact size for narrow vehicles, shelters with a shape that expands like the tip of a rubber boot at the ceiling part and a recessed shape that avoids the steering wheel part in the driver's seat, shelters that can be inserted through the gap between the opened door and the seat cushion and are rich in compressibility or deformability, shelters folded horizontally or vertically, shelters that can be suspended and lowered in the ceiling storage, shelters with a tapered shape when the height from the floor to the ceiling is insufficient and a bifurcated tapered shape for a two-seater seat, or shelters with the whole surrounded by a net and the lower part tied with a string or fastened with a fastener to prevent falling. Inside the shelter, the limbs, auxiliary frames, or compressed air cylinders and oxygen cylinders expand in volume, and a protective plate against floating objects can be set as needed. Or, when a rigid shelter cannot secure the intrusion height between the bottom and the floor surface, a shelter with a waterproof rotating door or a waterproof sliding door on the side surface. Any of these shelters needs to prevent the escape of air masses and bubbles caused by the swaying of the water flow during floating. A method of fixing the shelter to a fixing frame in the shape of a cross arranged on the ceiling part or a fixing anchor, tying the rope arranged at the fixing part and the handle of the shelter to the leg post under the seat. All of them float by buoyancy, adhere closely to the ceiling part, and the ceiling can physically stop further floating. It is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted shelter of the passenger type other than trains and buses according to claim 1 prevents escape outside the vehicle by the frictional force with the ceiling part or the anchor rope.

3. Among the vehicle-mounted types, the shelters installed inside trains and buses with a high ceiling and a large number of passengers are used as guides for assembling, lowering, or floating the shelter by laying pipes and rails on the ceiling part or standing poles beside the seats. Since the shaking is large in the tsunami that inundates, an anchor is required for the pole or the pedestal under the seat and the fixing part, and the rope should be long. The shelter that is compressed and stored in the ceiling part is in a vertically long shape with a tapered shape downward, or is a net enclosure. It is pulled down and expanded, and since the height to the ceiling is insufficient, it enters in a standing position from above the seat or on the floor. It expands in volume with hands and feet, an auxiliary formwork, a compressed air cylinder, or an oxygen cylinder, and a protective plate from floating debris is set as needed. The lower part of the net enclosure is tied with a cord or fastened with a fastener so that people do not fall when floating. The shelter that is not stored in the ceiling part is stored in the seat backrest part or under the seat, or in the floor part. Since it floats to a height up to the ceiling and the feet cannot reach and breathing cannot be done from the mouth, the height of the shelter is up to approximately 1 m. It expands in volume with hands and feet, an auxiliary formwork, a compressed air cylinder, or an oxygen cylinder on the seat sheet or on the floor, and a protective plate from floating debris is set as needed. The lower part of the net enclosure is tied with a cord or fastened with a fastener so that people do not fall when floating. The shelter for mounting on a vehicle of a train or a bus according to claim 1, characterized in that the above is the case.

4. The vehicle-integrated shelter is, in a single vehicle such as a passenger car or a bus, provided at the rear of the vehicle. In a vehicle that requires a passage like a train, it has an arch shape with a passage secured at the rear or the center of the vehicle. The entry and exit are from a waterproof rotating door or a slide door part on the side surface. The shelter and a part of the ceiling part, side surface part, or floor surface of the vehicle frame are integrated by welding or with an adhesive, or separated via a cushion material. The sum of the weight of the introduced water and the weight of the connected vehicle is greater than the buoyancy corresponding to the total volume of the air inside the vehicle including the personal shelter, or the volume of the air inside the vehicle into which water is introduced is less than half. The vehicle-integrated shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the above is the case.

5. The shelter mounted on the truck bed outside the vehicle, mounted on the trailer towed vehicle, or placed on a pedestal is made of heavy concrete, concrete filled in a formwork, steel plate composite concrete, or iron with weights or anchor reaction forces added on the shelter, ensuring a weight that overcomes the buoyancy due to the amount of air retained inside the shelter. The shelter has a three-dimensional height lower than either the width or the length to reduce the overturning moment caused by tsunamis. The entrance and exit are through the shelter bottom space protruding behind the vehicle bed, the hole cut through the rear of the bed, the gap between the longitudinal beams of the towed vehicle, or the space of the pedestal ensuring a shelter bottom space height raised above the predicted tsunami inundation height at the time of ebb tide in the area. The tsunami shelter mounted on the truck bed outside the vehicle, mounted on the trailer towed vehicle, or placed on a pedestal according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

6. The waterproof rotating door on the side surface of the shelter is a rotating door that mainly opens inward and can also open outward. With the top of the door as the central axis of rotation, between the door and the wall bodies in contact with both ends of the door, there is a foldable fan-shaped membrane bag with excellent waterproofness and flexibility. After taking shelter in the shelter, it can be restored to its original state. A handle is attached to the back or surface of the door. The waterproof rotating door on the rigid side surface of the shelter according to claim 1, or the shelter side surface with a sliding door attached. The sliding door on the side surface of the shelter is designed to open and close the entrance by sliding the door horizontally on the side surface of the shelter. The door is slidably stored in a door pocket with waterproof rubber provided on the vertical and horizontal sides of the shelter entrance. The remaining side is fitted with a fitting packing provided around the perimeter and pulled by a handle from the back side to achieve a waterproof sliding door. A handle is attached to the back or surface of the door. The handle on the back is a retrofittable or storage type with a minimum protrusion. The waterproof sliding door on the rigid side surface of the shelter according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

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