Pneumatic tire

Abstract

To provide a pneumatic tire which can be improved in cut resistance performance.SOLUTION: A pneumatic tire 1 is mounted on rims R for use, and comprises a tread portion 2 having a grounding surface 2s and a pair of side wall portions 3 extending from both sides in a tire axial direction, of the tread portion 2 to inside in a tire radial direction. A rim diameter RD of the rim R is 10-18 inches. A rim width RW of the rim R is equal to 78%-99% of a cross section width SW of the tire. A ratio SH / SW of a cross section height SH of the tire to the cross section width SW is 30%-45%. Each of the pair of side wall portions 3 has a buttress portion 3a positioned outside in the tire radial direction. A protector 8 protruding to outside in the tire axial direction is provided on at least one of the pair of buttress portions 3a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire that is mounted on a rim and used.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, pneumatic tires with a small diameter, which are suitably used for small shuttle buses and the like, are known. For example, Patent Document 1 below proposes a pneumatic tire with improved durability performance in the bead portion where distortion concentrates due to the reduction in diameter.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, vehicles such as small shuttle buses often park near curbs, and there has been a desire for improvement in cut resistance performance such as punctures and wheel damage due to contact with curbs in small-diameter tires such as the pneumatic tires of Patent Document 1.

[0005] The present invention has been devised in view of the above actual situation, and the main object thereof is to provide a pneumatic tire capable of improving cut resistance performance.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire to be mounted on a rim and used, the pneumatic tire comprising a tread portion having a ground contact surface and a pair of sidewall portions extending radially inward in the tire radius direction from both sides in the tire axial direction of the tread portion, wherein a rim diameter RD of the rim is 10 to 18 inches, a rim width RW of the rim is 78% to 99% of a section width SW of the tire, a ratio SH / SW of a section height SH of the tire to the section width SW is 30% to 45%, each of the pair of sidewall portions has a buttress portion located radially outside in the tire radius direction, and a protector protruding axially outside in the tire axial direction is provided on at least one of the pair of buttress portions.

Advantages of the Invention

[0007] By having the above-described configuration, the pneumatic tire of the present invention can improve cut resistance performance.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a tire meridian cross-sectional view showing a pneumatic tire 1 in a normal state of the present embodiment. Here, the "normal state" means a non-loaded state in which the pneumatic tire 1 is rim-mounted on a normal rim and adjusted to a normal internal pressure. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, dimensions and the like of each part of the pneumatic tire 1 are values measured in this normal state.

[0010] When there is a standard system including the standards on which the pneumatic tire 1 is based, the "regular rim" is the rim R defined for each tire by the relevant standard. For example, in the case of JATMA, it is the "standard rim"; in the case of TRA, it is the "Design Rim"; and in the case of ETRTO, it is the "Measuring Rim". When there is no standard system including the standards on which the pneumatic tire 1 is based, the "regular rim" is the rim R that can be assembled with the tire without causing air leakage, and among such rims, it is the rim R with the smallest rim diameter RD and the smallest rim width RW among them.

[0011] When there is a standard system including the standards on which the pneumatic tire 1 is based, the "regular internal pressure" is the air pressure defined for each tire by each standard. For example, in the case of JATMA, it is the "maximum air pressure"; in the case of TRA, it is the maximum value described in the table "TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES"; and in the case of ETRTO, it is the "INFLATION PRESSURE". When there is no standard system including the standards on which the pneumatic tire 1 is based, the "regular internal pressure" is the air pressure determined for each tire by the manufacturer or the like.

[0012] As shown in FIG. 1, the pneumatic tire 1 of the present embodiment is mounted on a rim R and used. It has a so-called wide contact surface shape with a small diameter, a short contact length, and a wide contact width. When such a pneumatic tire 1 is used for a minibus, a low-floor electric vehicle, or the like, the interior space of the vehicle and the space inside the rim can be increased, and it is possible to improve the transportation efficiency, accommodate larger-diameter brakes, and increase the size of in-wheel motors.

[0013] The rim diameter RD of the rim R on which the pneumatic tire 1 of the present embodiment is mounted is 10 to 18 inches. By having a rim diameter RD of 10 inches or more, the space inside the rim can be secured. By having a rim diameter RD of 18 inches or less, an excessive increase in the rim weight and the tire weight can be suppressed, and the riding comfort performance can be improved.

[0014] The rim width RW of the rim R in this embodiment is 78% to 99% of the tire section width SW. Here, the rim width RW of the rim R corresponds to the width between a pair of outer surfaces 4s in the tire axial direction on the inner side in the tire radial direction of the pneumatic tire 1 in the normal state. Further, the section width SW is the tire axial width between a pair of tire maximum width positions P in the profile excluding the partially protruding portion of the pneumatic tire 1.

[0015] By the rim width RW being 78% or more of the section width SW, it is possible to ensure a large volume of the tire inner cavity portion, which helps to improve the riding comfort performance. By the rim width RW being 99% or less of the section width SW, it helps to support high loads such as small buses and low-floor electric vehicles.

[0016] The ratio SH / SW of the tire section height SH to the section width SW of the pneumatic tire 1 in this embodiment is 30% to 45%. Here, the tire section height SH is the height in the tire radial direction from the bead base line BL to the tire equator C. Further, the bead base line BL is a virtual line corresponding to the rim diameter RD of the rim R. Note that the ratio SH / SW is a value generally known as the aspect ratio.

[0017] By the ratio SH / SW being 30% or more, it is possible to ensure a large volume of the tire inner cavity portion and improve the riding comfort performance. By the ratio SH / SW being 45% or less, it suppresses the tire outer diameter SD from becoming excessively large, which helps to increase the interior space of vehicles such as small buses and low-floor electric vehicles.

[0018] The pneumatic tire 1 in this embodiment includes a tread portion 2 having a ground contact surface 2s and a pair of sidewall portions 3 extending from both sides in the tire axial direction of the tread portion 2 inward in the tire radial direction. Each of the pair of sidewall portions 3 in this embodiment has a buttress portion 3a located on the outer side in the tire radial direction.

[0019] The pneumatic tire 1 preferably includes bead portions 4 located on the inner side in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of sidewall portions 3. Here, the outer surface 4s in the tire axial direction on the inner side in the tire radial direction of the pneumatic tire 1 described above is the outer surface 4s in the tire axial direction of the bead portion 4.

[0020] Each of the pair of bead portions 4 has, for example, an annular bead core 5 extending in the tire circumferential direction. The bead core 5 is formed of, for example, steel wire. The pneumatic tire 1 preferably includes a carcass 6 extending from the tread portion 2 to the pair of bead portions 4 and a belt layer 7 disposed on the tread portion 2.

[0021] At least one of the pair of buttress portions 3a of the present embodiment is provided with a protector 8 protruding outward in the tire axial direction. The protector 8 partially protrudes outward in the tire axial direction from the outer surface 3s constituting the profile of the sidewall portion 3 having the buttress portion 3a, for example. The protector 8 is preferably provided on at least the outer surface 3s on the outer side of the vehicle when mounted on the vehicle.

[0022] When the pneumatic tire 1 approaches the curbstone, such a buttress portion 3a can prevent the outer surface 3s of the sidewall portion 3 and the rim R from coming into contact with the curbstone by the protector 8 coming into contact with the curbstone. Further, since the protector 8 is provided on the buttress portion 3a, it is possible to surely prevent contact between the outer surface 3s and the curbstone even when the curbstone is low. Therefore, the pneumatic tire 1 of the present embodiment can improve the cut resistance performance.

[0023] In a more preferred aspect, the protector 8 is provided on both of the pair of buttress portions 3a. Such a pneumatic tire 1 can prevent punctures and wheel damage caused by contact with the curbstone regardless of the mounting direction on the rim R. When the tread pattern formed on the ground contact surface 2s is an asymmetric pattern in which the mounting direction on the vehicle is specified, the protector 8 is preferably provided only on the buttress portion 3a on the outer side of the vehicle.

[0024] The protector 8 of the present embodiment has an outer end 8e located outside the tire maximum width position P of the outer surface 3s of the sidewall portion 3 excluding the protector 8 in the tire axial direction. Such a protector 8 can surely suppress the contact between the curb and the sidewall portion 3.

[0025] The total width PW of the tire, which is the width in the tire axial direction between the pair of outer ends 8e, is preferably 105% to 115% of the cross-sectional width SW. By the total width PW being 105% or more of the cross-sectional width SW, the contact between the curb and the sidewall portion 3 can be surely suppressed, and the cut resistance performance of the pneumatic tire 1 can be improved. By the total width PW being 115% or less of the cross-sectional width SW, it is possible to suppress the side rigidity from becoming excessively large and achieve both the cut resistance performance and the ride comfort performance of the pneumatic tire 1.

[0026] FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the sidewall portion 3. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the protruding height PH of the protector 8 is preferably 2.0 to 6.0 mm. By the protruding height PH being 2.0 mm or more, the contact between the curb and the sidewall portion 3 can be surely suppressed, and the cut resistance performance of the pneumatic tire 1 can be improved. By the protruding height PH being 6.0 mm or less, it is possible to suppress the side rigidity from becoming excessively large and achieve both the cut resistance performance and the ride comfort performance of the pneumatic tire 1.

[0027] The tread portion 2 of the present embodiment includes tread rubber 2G that constitutes the ground contact surface 2s. The ground contact surface 2s preferably has a pair of tread ends Te on both sides in the tire axial direction. Here, each of the pair of tread ends Te is the outermost ground contact position in the tire axial direction when the pneumatic tire 1 in a state where a load of 70% of the normal load is applied to the pneumatic tire 1 in the normal state is grounded on a plane at a camber angle of 0°. Note that the central position in the tire axial direction between the pair of tread ends Te is the tire equator C.

[0028] When there is a standard system including the standards on which the pneumatic tire 1 is based, the "normal load" is the load defined for each tire by each standard. In the case of JATMA, it is the "maximum load capacity"; in the case of TRA, it is the maximum value described in the table "TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES"; and in the case of ETRTO, it is the "LOAD CAPACITY". When there is no standard system including the standards on which the pneumatic tire 1 is based, the "normal load" is the load determined by the manufacturer or the like for each tire as the maximum applicable load when using the pneumatic tire 1.

[0029] The protector 8 extends, for example, from the tread edge Te toward the inner side in the tire radial direction. The protector 8 may have a shape that continuously extends from the tread pattern of the ground contact surface 2s, for example. The protector 8 is not limited to such a mode, and can be provided at any position of the sidewall portion 3 as long as at least a part thereof is provided in the buttless portion 3a.

[0030] The ratio DH / SH of the height DH in the tire radial direction of the protector 8 to the section height SH is preferably 30% to 50%. When the ratio DH / SH is 30% or more, the contact between the curb and the sidewall portion 3 can be surely suppressed even when a load is applied, and the cut resistance performance of the pneumatic tire 1 can be improved. When the ratio DH / SH is 50% or less, an excessive increase in side rigidity can be suppressed, and both the cut resistance performance and the riding comfort performance of the pneumatic tire 1 can be achieved.

[0031] The product (DH / SH)×PH×Hs of the ratio DH / SH, the protrusion height PH (mm) of the protector 8, and the hardness Hs of the tread rubber 2G is preferably 34 to 201. Here, the hardness Hs of the tread rubber 2G is the durometer hardness measured at 23°C by a durometer type A based on JIS-K6253.

[0032] Such a pneumatic tire 1 is set so that when the height DH and the protruding height PH of the protector 8 are large and the side rigidity tends to be high, the hardness Hs of the tread rubber 2G becomes small, so that both cut resistance performance and riding comfort performance can be achieved.

[0033] The outer diameter SD of the pneumatic tire 1 is preferably 350 to 600 mm. By the outer diameter SD of the pneumatic tire 1 being 350 mm or more, a rim inner space can be secured. By the outer diameter SD of the pneumatic tire 1 being 600 mm or less, it helps to increase the interior space of a minibus, a low-floor electric vehicle, or the like.

[0034] The cross-sectional width SW of the pneumatic tire 1 is preferably 145 to 285 mm. By the cross-sectional width SW being 145 mm or more, a large volume of the tire inner cavity can be secured, which helps to improve the riding comfort performance of the pneumatic tire 1. By the cross-sectional width SW being 285 mm or less, it is possible to suppress the tire weight from becoming excessively large and maintain the good riding comfort performance of the pneumatic tire 1.

[0035] The rim width RW of the rim R is preferably 9 inches or less. Such a pneumatic tire 1 helps to suppress the rim weight from becoming excessively large and maintain good riding comfort performance.

[0036] The carcass 6 of the present embodiment includes at least two carcass plies 6A and 6B. Such a carcass 6 can exhibit a strength suitable for supporting a high load such as a minibus or a low-floor electric vehicle.

[0037] The at least two carcass plies 6A and 6B include, for example, in the tread portion 2, a first carcass ply 6A located on the inner side in the tire radial direction and a second carcass ply 6B located on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the first carcass ply 6A.

[0038] At least one of the carcass plies 6A and 6B preferably includes a main body portion 6a extending from the tread portion 2 through a pair of sidewall portions 3 to the bead cores 5 of a pair of bead portions 4, and a pair of folded-back portions 6b continuous with the main body portion 6a. Each of the pair of folded-back portions 6b is, for example, a portion folded back from the inner side to the outer side in the tire axial direction around each of the pair of bead cores 5.

[0039] In the present embodiment, each of the first carcass ply 6A and the second carcass ply 6B includes the main body portion 6a and the folded-back portion 6b. Such first carcass ply 6A and second carcass ply 6B improve side strength by their respective folded-back portions 6b and are suitable for supporting high loads such as in minibuses and low-floor electric vehicles.

[0040] The outer ends 6e in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of folded-back portions 6b of the first carcass ply 6A are, for example, located outside in the tire radial direction than the outer ends 6e in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of folded-back portions 6b of the second carcass ply 6B. Such carcass plies 6A and 6B can disperse stress concentration at their respective outer ends 6e and suppress breakage starting from the outer ends 6e.

[0041] In the present embodiment, the outer ends 6e of the folded-back portions 6b of the first carcass ply 6A are located outside in the tire radial direction than the tire maximum width position P, and the outer ends 6e of the folded-back portions 6b of the second carcass ply 6B are located inside in the tire radial direction than the tire maximum width position P. Such carcass 6 can achieve both rigidity and weight reduction of the sidewall portion 3 and helps improve the ride comfort performance of the pneumatic tire 1 in a wide and small-diameter tire capable of supporting high loads.

[0042] The carcass plies 6A and 6B include, for example, carcass cords (not shown) made of organic fiber cords. Examples of the organic fiber cords include cords of one kind alone or a hybrid fiber of two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate fibers, polyethylene naphthalate fibers, nylon fibers, aramid fibers, and rayon fibers.

[0043] The carcass cords are preferably arranged at an angle of 25 to 90° with respect to the tire circumferential direction. Here, the angle of the carcass cords is the angle in the inflated tire 1 in the normal state, and can be confirmed, for example, by partially peeling the tread portion 2.

[0044] When the carcass cords are inclined at an angle less than 90° with respect to the tire circumferential direction, it is desirable that the carcass cords of the first carcass ply 6A and the carcass cords of the second carcass ply 6B are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the tire circumferential direction. A bias structure may be adopted for the carcass 6, for example.

[0045] The belt layer 7 includes at least one, preferably two or more, and in this embodiment, two belt plies 7A and 7B. The two belt plies 7A and 7B include, for example, a first belt ply 7A located on the inner side in the tire radial direction and a second belt ply 7B located on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the first belt ply 7A. Such a belt layer 7 can improve the rigidity of the tread portion 2 and is suitable for supporting high loads.

[0046] The belt plies 7A and 7B include, for example, belt cords (not shown) made of steel cords. The belt cords may be, for example, single steel wires or stranded wires formed by twisting a plurality of steel filaments.

[0047] The belt cords are arranged, for example, at an angle of 10 to 30° with respect to the tire circumferential direction. It is desirable that the belt cords of the first belt ply 7A and the belt cords of the second belt ply 7B are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the tire circumferential direction.

[0048] Such a belt layer 7 can enhance the rigidity of the tread portion 2 in a well-balanced manner, enabling both the rigidity capable of supporting the high load of the pneumatic tire 1 and the riding comfort performance. Here, the angle of the belt cord is the angle in the pneumatic tire 1 in the normal state, and can be confirmed, for example, by partially peeling the tread portion 2.

[0049] As described above, the particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be implemented in various forms with modifications.

Example

[0050] A pneumatic tire having the basic structure shown in FIG. 1 was prototyped based on the specifications in Table 1. Using the prototyped pneumatic tire, the cut resistance performance and the riding comfort performance were evaluated. The main common specifications and test methods are as follows.

[0051] <Common specifications> Tire size: 205 / 40R15 Rim size: 15×7.0J Air pressure: 350 kPa Test vehicle: Minibus

[0052] <Cut resistance performance> The test vehicle equipped with the prototyped pneumatic tire was driven at an angle with respect to the curb, and the damage state of the pneumatic tire and the wheel when the side surface of the pneumatic tire and the curb were brought into contact 10 times was visually evaluated. The results are shown by an index with the comparative example set to 100, indicating that the larger the numerical value, the better the cut resistance performance.

[0053] <Riding comfort performance> A test driver got on a test vehicle equipped with a prototype pneumatic tire and drove on the paved road surface of the test course. The ride comfort performance was evaluated by the driver's sensory evaluation. The results are shown as an index with the comparative example set to 100, indicating that the larger the numerical value, the better the ride comfort performance. In the evaluation of this ride comfort performance, it has been confirmed that if the index is 80 or more, it can be evaluated that the ride comfort is generally good in the market.

[0054] The test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

[0055] As a result of the test, it was confirmed that the pneumatic tire of the example has improved cut resistance performance compared to the comparative example. Also, it was confirmed that the pneumatic tire of the example has ensured sufficient marketability in terms of ride comfort performance. Furthermore, since the pneumatic tire of the example is excellent in the overall performance evaluated by the total of the cut resistance performance and the ride comfort performance compared to the comparative example, it was confirmed that the cut resistance performance and the ride comfort performance are compatible.

[0056] [Supplementary Note] The present invention is as follows.

[0057] [Invention 1] A pneumatic tire mounted on and used with a rim, comprising a tread portion having a ground contact surface and a pair of sidewall portions extending inward in the tire radial direction from both sides in the tire axial direction of the tread portion, wherein the rim diameter RD of the rim is 10 to 18 inches, the rim width RW of the rim is 78% to 99% of the cross-sectional width SW of the tire, the ratio SH / SW of the cross-sectional height SH of the tire to the cross-sectional width SW is 30% to 45%, each of the pair of sidewall portions has a buttress portion located on the outer side in the tire radial direction, At least one of the pair of the buttressless portions is provided with a protector that protrudes outward in the tire axial direction. Pneumatic tire.

[0058] [Inventive concept 2] The pneumatic tire according to Inventive concept 1, wherein the protector has an outer end located outward in the tire axial direction from the maximum tire width position of the sidewall portion excluding the protector.

[0059] [Inventive concept 3] The pneumatic tire according to Inventive concept 2, wherein the protector is provided on both of the pair of the buttressless portions.

[0060] [Inventive concept 4] The pneumatic tire according to Inventive concept 3, wherein the total width PW of the tire between the pair of outer ends is 105% to 115% of the section width SW.

[0061] [Inventive concept 5] The pneumatic tire according to any one of Inventive concepts 1 to 4, wherein the ratio DH / SH of the height DH of the protector in the tire radial direction to the section height SH is 30% to 50%.

[0062] [Inventive concept 6] The tread portion includes tread rubber that constitutes the ground contact surface. The pneumatic tire according to Inventive concept 5, wherein the product (DH / SH)×PH×Hs of the ratio DH / SH, the protruding height PH (mm) of the protector, and the hardness Hs of the tread rubber is 34 to 201.

[0063] [Inventive concept 7] The pneumatic tire according to any one of Inventive concepts 1 to 6, wherein the protruding height PH of the protector is 2.0 to 6.0 mm.

[0064] [Inventive concept 8] The carcass includes a carcass extending from the tread portion to the bead portion located inward in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of sidewall portions. The carcass includes at least two carcass plies, and is the pneumatic tire according to any one of Inventions 1 to 7 of the present invention.

[0065] [Invention 9] The at least two carcass plies include a first carcass ply located on the inner side in the tire radial direction in the tread portion, and a second carcass ply located on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the first carcass ply. Each of the first carcass ply and the second carcass ply includes a main body portion extending from the tread portion through a pair of the sidewall portions to the bead cores of a pair of the bead portions, and a pair of folded-back portions connected to the main body portion and folded back from the inner side to the outer side in the tire axial direction around each of the pair of the bead cores, and is the pneumatic tire according to Invention 8 of the present invention.

[0066] [Invention 10] The outer ends in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of the folded-back portions of the first carcass ply are located on the outer side in the tire radial direction than the outer ends in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of the folded-back portions of the second carcass ply, and is the pneumatic tire according to Invention 9 of the present invention.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0067] 1 Pneumatic tire 2 Tread portion 2s Ground contact surface 3 Sidewall portion 3a Battless portion 8 Protector

Claims

1. A pneumatic tire mounted on and used with a rim, comprising: a tread portion having a ground contact surface, and a pair of sidewall portions extending inward in the tire radial direction from both sides of the tread portion in the tire axial direction; the rim diameter RD of the rim is 10 to 18 inches; the rim width RW of the rim is 78% to 99% of the cross-sectional width SW of the tire; the ratio SH / SW of the cross-sectional height SH of the tire to the cross-sectional width SW is 30% to 45%; each of the pair of sidewall portions has a buttress portion located on the outer side in the tire radial direction; at least one of the pair of buttress portions is provided with a protector protruding outward in the tire axial direction; A pneumatic tire.

2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the protector has an outer end located axially outside the tire maximum width position of the sidewall portion excluding the protector.

3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein the protector is provided on both of the pair of buttress portions.

4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein the total width PW of the tire between the pair of outer ends is 105% to 115% of the cross-sectional width SW.

5. The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ratio DH / SH of the height DH of the protector in the tire radial direction to the cross-sectional height SH is 30% to 50%.

6. The tread portion includes tread rubber constituting the ground contact surface, the product (DH / SH)×PH×Hs of the ratio DH / SH, the protruding height PH (mm) of the protector, and the hardness Hs of the tread rubber is 34 to 201. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5.

7. The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protruding height PH of the protector is 2.0 to 6.0 mm.

8. including a carcass extending from the tread portion to a bead portion located inside each of the pair of sidewall portions in the tire radial direction, the carcass includes at least two carcass plies. The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. The at least two carcass plies include a first carcass ply located inside in the tire radial direction and a second carcass ply located outside the first carcass ply in the tire radial direction in the tread portion. Each of the first carcass ply and the second carcass ply includes a body portion extending from the tread portion through a pair of the sidewall portions to the bead cores of a pair of the bead portions, and a pair of folded-back portions continuous with the body portion and folded back from the inner side to the outer side in the tire axial direction around each of the pair of the bead cores, the pneumatic tire according to claim 8.

10. The outer end in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of the folded-back portions of the first carcass ply is located outside in the tire radial direction than the outer end in the tire radial direction of each of the pair of the folded-back portions of the second carcass ply, the pneumatic tire according to claim 9.

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