System and method for wireless communication of analyte data

Abstract

To provide systems, methods, apparatuses and devices for wireless communication of analyte data.SOLUTION: In some embodiments, a method and calibration station for calibrating a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. Methods and testing systems for testing a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. Continuous analyte sensor systems, display devices and peripheral devices configured for wireless communication of analyte data, connection data, alarm data and / or alert data and associated methods are provided.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Incorporation by reference of related applications All claims of priority, if any, identified in the data sheet for this application, or any correction thereto, are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification under 37 CFR 1.57. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 853,957, filed May 29, 2019. The foregoing application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and made a part hereof.

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to continuous monitoring of analyte values received from an analyte sensor system. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, devices, and apparatuses for wireless communication of analyte data.

Background Art

[0003] Diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas cannot produce sufficient insulin (type 1 or insulin-dependent), and / or a disease in which insulin is ineffective (type 2 or non-insulin-dependent). In a diabetic state, the patient suffers from hyperglycemia, which causes a series of physiological abnormalities (renal failure, skin ulcers, or bleeding into the vitreous of the eye) associated with deterioration of the microvasculature. An inadvertent overdose of insulin, or a hypoglycemic reaction (hypoglycemia) can be caused after the normal administration of insulin or hypoglycemic agents, along with strenuous exercise or inadequate food intake.

[0004] Conventionally, diabetic patients carry a self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) monitor, which typically requires an unpleasant finger-pricking method. Due to the lack of comfort and convenience, diabetic patients usually measure their blood glucose levels only two to four times a day. Unfortunately, this results in measurement intervals that are too wide, increasing the likelihood that diabetic patients will receive warnings about hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia too late, which can result in dangerous side effects. In fact, due to the limitations of conventional methods, diabetic patients not only have a low chance of measuring SMBG values at a good timing, but also have a low chance of knowing whether their blood glucose levels are rising (higher) or falling (lower).

[0005] As a result, various electrochemical sensors that are non-invasive, transdermal (e.g., transcutaneous), and / or implantable have been developed for continuously detecting and / or quantifying blood glucose levels. These devices generally transmit raw or minimally processed data for later analysis in a remote device that may include a display. Transmission to a wireless display device may be wireless.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Patent Document 7

Patent Document 26

Patent Document 27

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] Regarding the wireless transmission of glucose and other analyte data collected using implanted sensors, the battery life of the transmitter that operates in conjunction with the sensor becomes a determining problem. To extend the battery life or to increase the efficiency associated with the transmission of glucose and other analyte data, the transmission may need to be intermittent, for example. However, the intermittent transmission of the data being monitored can pose reliability problems. In some cases, in conventional sensor systems, reliability is thereby sacrificed for battery life.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] A method for calibrating a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The method includes the step of scanning an identification tag that encodes information for identifying the analyte sensor system. The method includes the step of retrieving calibration data for the sensors of the analyte sensor system based at least in part on the information for identifying the analyte sensor system. The method includes the step of the short - range communication controller of the calibration station arranging the analyte sensor system close enough to the short - range antenna of the analyte sensor system to shift at least a portion of the analyte sensor system into an operating mode. The method includes the step of transmitting at least sensor calibration data from the calibration station to the continuous analyte sensor system via short - range communication in response to a command, thereby facilitating the calibration of the continuous analyte sensor system.

[0009] In some embodiments, the method includes returning the analyte sensor system to sleep mode after sensor calibration data has been stored in the storage of the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the identification tag is a two-dimensional (2D) barcode that encodes at least the lot number of the applicator and the serial number of the sensor of the analyte sensor system into a single string. In some embodiments, the sensor calibration data comprises a first slope determined for the sensor, a last slope determined for the sensor, and an indication of the date on which the first and last slopes were determined. In some embodiments, the command comprises a 0x7a short-range wireless communication command configured to transmit each of the lot number of the applicator, the serial number of the sensor, the first slope, the last slope, and the date indication in a single message. In some embodiments, the sensor calibration data is retrieved from a database in which the sensor calibration data is indexed according to the lot number of the applicator and the serial number of the sensor.

[0010] A calibration station is provided that is configured to calibrate a continuous analyte sensor system. The calibration station includes an identification tag scanner configured to scan an identification tag that encodes information identifying the analyte sensor system. The calibration station includes a processor configured to retrieve calibration data for the sensor of the analyte sensor system based at least in part on the information identifying the analyte sensor system. The calibration station includes a short-range communication controller configured to cause at least a portion of the analyte sensor system to transition to an operating mode and transmit at least sensor calibration data to the analyte sensor system via short-range communication in response to a command when the analyte sensor system is disposed sufficiently close to the calibration station, thereby facilitating calibration of the analyte sensor system.

[0011] In some embodiments, the short-range communication controller is further configured to send at least one signal to the analyte sensor system to cause the analyte sensor system to return to sleep mode after the sensor calibration data has been stored in the storage of the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the identification tag is a two-dimensional (2D) barcode that encodes at least the lot number of the applicator and the serial number of the sensor of the analyte sensor system into a single string. In some embodiments, the sensor calibration data comprises a first slope determined for the sensor, a last slope determined for the sensor, and an indication of the date on which the first and last slopes were determined. In some embodiments, the command comprises a 0x7a NFC command configured to send each of the lot number of the applicator, the serial number of the sensor, the first slope, the last slope, and the date indication in a single message. In some embodiments, the sensor calibration data is retrieved from a database in which the sensor calibration data is indexed according to the lot number of the applicator and the serial number of the sensor.

[0012] A method for testing a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The method includes awakening at least a portion of the analyte sensor system from sleep mode. The method includes receiving, using a first transceiver chip, a data packet transmitted from a second transceiver chip, the data packet comprising a request to the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system. The method includes processing the request. The method includes transmitting, using the first transceiver chip, a response returning the result of the request to the second transceiver chip. The method includes receiving, using the first transceiver chip, a message transmitted from the second transceiver chip, the message comprising an instruction to return one or more components of the analyte sensor system to sleep mode.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first transceiver chip is embedded in an analyte sensor system, and the second transceiver chip is embedded in a factory test station configured to test the operation of the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, each of the requests, responses, and messages is communicated on a frequency channel pre-programmed to each of the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip. In some embodiments, the requests, responses, and messages are communicated between the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip without a prior connection or authentication process occurring.

[0014] A method for testing a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a first transceiver chip, a data packet comprising a request to the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify an expected operation of the analyte sensor system, using a second transceiver chip. The method includes receiving, using the second transceiver chip, a response returning a result of the request from the first transceiver chip. The method includes transmitting, using the second transceiver chip, a message to the first transceiver chip, the message comprising an instruction to return one or more components of the analyte sensor system to a sleep mode.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first transceiver chip is embedded in an analyte sensor system, and the second transceiver chip is embedded in a factory test station configured to test the operation of the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, each of the requests, responses, and messages is communicated on a frequency channel pre-programmed to each of the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip. In some embodiments, the requests, responses, and messages are communicated between the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip without a prior connection or authentication process occurring.

[0016] A test system for testing a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The test system includes an analyte sensor system having a first transceiver chip. The test system includes a factory test station having a second transceiver chip. The analyte sensor system is configured to wake at least a portion of the analyte sensor system from sleep mode. The analyte sensor system is configured to utilize the first transceiver chip to receive a data packet transmitted from the second transceiver chip, the data packet comprising a request for the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system. The analyte sensor system is configured to process the request. The analyte sensor system is configured to utilize the first transceiver chip to transmit a response returning the result of the request to the second transceiver chip. The analyte sensor system is configured to utilize the first transceiver chip to receive a message transmitted from the second transceiver chip, the message comprising an instruction to return one or more components of the analyte sensor system to sleep mode. The factory test station is configured to utilize the second transceiver chip to transmit the data packet to the first transceiver chip. The factory test station is configured to utilize the second transceiver chip to receive the response from the first transceiver chip. The factory test station is configured to utilize the second transceiver chip to transmit the message to the first transceiver chip.

[0017] In some embodiments, each of the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip is pre-programmed to communicate each of the request, the response, and the message on a predetermined frequency channel. In some embodiments, the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip communicate the request, the response, and the message without any prior connection or authentication process.

[0018] A continuous analyte sensor system configured for wireless communication of analyte data is provided. The system includes a sensor having a plurality of terminals, the sensor being configured to generate a current through the plurality of terminals based on the analyte concentration of a host. The system includes a shorting element configured to electrically short the plurality of terminals when the sensor is disposed within packaging. The system includes a sensor electronics module configured to periodically wake up, measure a current through the plurality of terminals, determine that the measured current is less than a predetermined threshold, and generate a signal configured to wake up at least one additional calibration element of the analyte sensor system based on that determination.

[0019] In some embodiments, the shorting element comprises at least one of a conductive wire, a conductive sheet, or a conductive foam comprising at least a portion of the packaging.

[0020] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes generating a pairing key. The method includes initializing transceiver radios using a first peripheral instance and a second peripheral instance. The method includes generating and transmitting a first advertisement message associated with the first peripheral instance. The method includes generating and transmitting a second advertisement message associated with the second peripheral instance and comprising the pairing key. The method includes determining that a pairing request corresponding to the first peripheral instance has been received. The method includes determining that the pairing request comprises the pairing key. The method includes generating and transmitting a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request comprising the pairing key.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method includes encrypting a pairing key, the second advertisement message comprises the encrypted pairing key, and the pairing request comprises a decrypted version of the encrypted pairing key. In some embodiments, the first advertisement message comprises one or more of an instruction of a manufacturer of the analyte sensor system, an address identifying the analyte sensor system, an instruction that the first peripheral instance is connectable, and an instruction of out-of-band authentication. In some embodiments, the second advertisement message comprises one or more of an instruction of a manufacturer of the analyte sensor system, an address identifying the analyte sensor system, an instruction that the second peripheral instance is not connectable, and a payload comprising a pairing key. In some embodiments, both the first peripheral instance and the second peripheral instance are associated with the same analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message are transmitted during the same pairing session.

[0022] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an analyte sensor. The system includes a transceiver radio. The system includes one or more processors configured to generate a pairing key. The one or more processors are configured to initialize the transceiver radio using a first peripheral instance and a second peripheral instance. The one or more processors are configured to generate and transmit, via the transceiver radio, a first advertisement message associated with the first peripheral instance. The one or more processors are configured to generate and transmit, via the transceiver radio, a second advertisement message associated with the second peripheral instance and comprising the pairing key. The one or more processors are configured to determine that a pairing request corresponding to the first peripheral instance is received via the transceiver radio. The one or more processors are configured to determine that the pairing request comprises the pairing key. The one or more processors are configured to generate and transmit, via the transceiver radio, a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request comprising the pairing key.

[0023] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes monitoring one or more communication channels for one or more advertisement messages indicating that the analyte sensor system has initiated a pairing operation with a peripheral device. The method includes determining that a first advertisement message has been received from the analyte sensor system, the first advertisement message comprising instructions of a predetermined manufacturer of the analyte sensor system and an address identifying the analyte sensor system. The method includes determining that a second advertisement message comprising instructions of the predetermined manufacturer, an address identifying the analyte sensor system, and a pairing key has been received from the analyte sensor system. The method includes extracting the pairing key from the second advertisement message. The method includes generating and transmitting a pairing request message comprising the extracted pairing key. The method includes receiving a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request message.

[0024] In some embodiments, the pairing key in the second advertisement message is encrypted, the pairing request comprises a decrypted version of the encrypted pairing key, and the method includes decrypting the pairing key to obtain the decrypted version of the encrypted pairing key. In some embodiments, the first advertisement message further comprises one or more of an indication that a first peripheral instance of the analyte sensor system is connectable and an indication of out-of-band authentication. In some embodiments, the second advertisement message further comprises an indication that a second peripheral instance of the analyte sensor system is not connectable, and the pairing key is disposed within the payload of the second advertisement message. In some embodiments, the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message are received during the same pairing session.

[0025] A peripheral device is provided. The device includes a display, a transceiver radio, and one or more processors configured to monitor one or more communication channels for one or more advertisement messages indicating that an analyte sensor system has initiated a pairing operation with the peripheral device. The one or more processors are configured to determine that a first advertisement message has been received from the analyte sensor system, the first advertisement message comprising an indication of a predetermined manufacturer of the analyte sensor system and an address identifying the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to determine that a second advertisement message comprising the indication of the predetermined manufacturer, an address identifying the analyte sensor system, and a pairing key has been received from the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to extract the pairing key from the second advertisement message. The one or more processors are configured to generate and transmit, via the transceiver radio, a pairing request message comprising the extracted pairing key. The one or more processors are configured to receive, via the transceiver radio, a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request message.

[0026] A method for continuous wireless communication of analyte data is provided. The method includes transmitting an advertisement message for establishing a communication channel. The method includes receiving, via the communication channel, a random number encrypted using a first public key. The method includes decrypting the encrypted random number using a first secret key associated with the first public key. The method includes re-encrypting the decrypted random number using a second public key. The method includes transmitting, via the communication channel, the re-encrypted random number. The method includes transmitting sensor data encrypted using the second public key.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first private key is one of a first plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the first public key, and the second private key is one of a second plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the second public key. In some embodiments, the first public key and the second public key are publicly available keys, and the first private key and the second private key are not publicly available keys. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, from a server, at least one of the first private key and the second public key.

[0028] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an analyte sensor, a transceiver radio, and one or more processors configured to cause an advertisement message to be transmitted to establish a communication channel. The one or more processors are configured to receive, via the communication channel, a random number encrypted using the first public key. The one or more processors are configured to decrypt the encrypted random number using the first private key associated with the first public key. The one or more processors are configured to re-encrypt the random number using the second public key. The one or more processors are configured to cause the re-encrypted random number to be transmitted via the communication channel. The one or more processors are configured to cause sensor data encrypted using the second public key to be transmitted.

[0029] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes receiving an advertisement message for establishing a communication channel. The method includes generating a random number. The method includes encrypting the random number using a first public key. The method includes transmitting the encrypted random number using the communication channel. The method includes receiving the re-encrypted random number using a second public key. The method includes decrypting the re-encrypted random number using a second private key. The method includes comparing the decrypted random number with the originally generated random number. The method includes authenticating the communication session based on a determination that the decrypted random number and the originally generated random number are the same. The method includes receiving sensor data encrypted using the second public key.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first private key is one of a first plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the first public key, and the second private key is one of a second plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the second public key. In some embodiments, the first public key and the second public key are publicly available keys, and the first private key and the second private key are not publicly available keys.

[0031] Peripheral devices are provided. The device includes a display, a transceiver radio, and one or more processors configured to receive an advertisement message for establishing a communication channel. The one or more processors are configured to generate a random number. The one or more processors are configured to encrypt the random number using a first public key. The one or more processors are configured to transmit the encrypted random number using the communication channel. The one or more processors are configured to receive the re-encrypted random number using a second public key. The one or more processors are configured to decrypt the re-encrypted random number using a second private key. The one or more processors are configured to compare the decrypted random number with the originally generated random number. The one or more processors are configured to authenticate the communication session based on a determination that the decrypted random number and the originally generated random number are the same. The one or more processors are configured to receive sensor data encrypted using the second public key.

[0032] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes continuously coupling each of a plurality of filtering circuits to an antenna, each of the filtering circuits being configured to pass a respective signal received by the antenna at a respective frequency channel. The method includes measuring a respective amount of power received on each respective frequency channel while the analyte sensor system is not communicating wirelessly. The method includes comparing the respective measured amounts of power received on each respective frequency channel. The method includes selecting each frequency channel having the lowest measured amount of power for the antenna to transmit one or more signals.

[0033] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of filtering circuits comprises a band-pass filter. In some embodiments, the step of successively coupling each of the plurality of filtering circuits to the antenna comprises successively closing respective switches that couple respective ones of the filtering circuits to the antenna. In some embodiments, the step of selecting each frequency channel having the lowest measured amount of power for which the antenna transmits one or more signals comprises transmitting at least one signal that causes the frequency selection circuit of the transmitter to select each frequency channel.

[0034] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an antenna and a plurality of filtering circuits couplable to the antenna, each of the filtering circuits being configured to pass respective signals received by the antenna at respective frequency channels. The system includes one or more processors configured to successively couple each of the plurality of filtering circuits to the antenna. The one or more processors are configured to measure the amount of power received on each respective frequency channel while the analyte sensor system is not communicating wirelessly. The one or more processors are configured to compare the measured amount of power received on each respective frequency channel. The one or more processors are configured to select each frequency channel having the lowest measured amount of power for which the antenna transmits one or more signals.

[0035] A method for wireless communication of analyte data by a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The method includes pre-configuring the analyte sensor system to periodically wake up from a low-power passive monitoring mode according to a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system. The method includes receiving a wake-up signal from a display device before the expiration of a predetermined interval while the analyte sensor system is in the low-power passive monitoring mode, thereby waking up the analyte sensor system before the expiration of the predetermined interval. The method includes transmitting an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal. The method includes receiving a pairing request from the display device. The method includes transmitting a pairing request acceptance message to the display device. The method includes transmitting sensor data to the display device.

[0036] In some embodiments, transmitting sensor data to the display device occurs at a time before the expiration of a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the wake-up signal has a predetermined pattern, magnitude, or modulation configured to wake up the analyte sensor system from the low-power passive monitoring mode.

[0037] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an analyte sensor and a transceiver radio. The system is configured to pre-configure the analyte sensor system to periodically wake up from a low-power passive monitoring mode according to a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured such that while the analyte sensor system is in the low-power passive monitoring mode, a wake-up signal is received from a display device before the expiration of the predetermined interval, thereby configuring the analyte sensor system to wake up before the expiration of the predetermined interval. The one or more processors are configured to cause an advertisement message to be transmitted in response to the wake-up signal. The one or more processors are configured to receive a pairing request from the display device. The one or more processors are configured to cause a pairing request acceptance message to be transmitted to the display device, thereby causing the transmission of sensor data to the display device.

[0038] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data by a display device is provided. The method includes transmitting a wake-up signal to an analyte sensor system in a low-power passive monitoring mode. The method includes receiving an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal. The method includes transmitting a pairing request to the analyte sensor system. The method includes receiving a pairing request acceptance message in response to the pairing request. The method includes receiving sensor data from the analyte sensor system.

[0039] In some embodiments, receiving sensor data from the analyte sensor system occurs at a time before the expiration of a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the wake-up signal has a predetermined pattern, magnitude, or modulation configured to wake up the analyte sensor system from the low-power passive monitoring mode.

[0040] A device is provided. The device includes a display and a transceiver radio. The device includes one or more processors configured to cause an awakening signal to be sent to an analyte sensor system in a low-power passive monitoring mode. The one or more processors are configured to receive an advertisement message in response to the awakening signal. The one or more processors are configured to cause a pairing request to be sent to the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to receive a pairing request acceptance message in response to the pairing request. The one or more processors are configured to receive sensor data from the analyte sensor system.

[0041] A method for continuous wireless communication of analyte data is provided. The method includes physically moving a display device compliant with a short-range wireless communication protocol sufficiently close to a sticker physically disposed in contact with one of an analyte sensor system or the packaging of the analyte sensor system, the sticker having a pairing key pre-programmed therein, such that the display device can retrieve the pairing key from the tag via the short-range wireless communication protocol. The method includes pairing the analyte sensor system and the display device for a wireless protocol different from the short-range wireless communication protocol using the retrieved pairing key.

[0042] In some embodiments, the pairing key is associated with the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the step of physically moving an NFC-compliant display device sufficiently close to the sticker comprises the step of tapping the display device on the sticker.

[0043] A device is provided. The device includes a display, a wireless for short-range wireless communication protocol, and a wireless for wireless communication using a wireless protocol different from the short-range wireless communication protocol. The device is configured to extract a pairing key from a short-range wireless communication tag embedded in a sticker using the wireless for short-range wireless communication protocol based on the display device being physically moved sufficiently close to the sticker, the tag being pre-programmed with a pairing key, and the pairing key being associated with an analyte sensor system. One or more processors are included. The one or more processors are configured to use the extracted pairing key to perform a pairing operation with the analyte sensor system for a wireless communication protocol different from the short-range wireless communication protocol.

[0044] In some embodiments, the display device being physically moved sufficiently close to the sticker comprises tapping the display device on the sticker.

[0045] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes detecting an advertisement message from an analyte sensor system. The method includes attempting to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system in response to the advertisement message. The method includes determining that an attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed. The method includes generating a warning indicating that the analyte sensor system has been detected but an attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed.

[0046] In some embodiments, the warning comprises at least one proposed user intervention to increase the probability of establishing a connection with the analyte sensor system during subsequent connection attempts.

[0047] A device is provided. The device includes a display and transceiver radio. The device includes one or more processors configured to detect an advertisement message from an analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system in response to the advertisement message. The one or more processors are configured to determine that an attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed. The one or more processors are configured to generate a warning indicating that the analyte sensor system has been detected but an attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed.

[0048] A method for continuous wireless communication of analyte data is provided. The method includes transmitting a wake-up signal to an analyte sensor system. The method includes receiving a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system. The method includes comparing the received transmitter ID with a range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems. The method includes establishing a wireless connection with the analyte sensor system based on a determination that the received transmitter ID is within the range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems. The method includes receiving at least logged analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system. The method includes generating one or more reports based on the at least logged analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system.

[0049] In some embodiments, the wake-up signal is transmitted using an electromagnet.

[0050] A device is provided that includes a transceiver radio and an electromagnet. The device includes one or more processors configured to cause the electromagnet to send a wake-up signal to an analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to receive a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to compare the received transmitter ID to a range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems. The one or more processors are configured to establish a wireless connection with the analyte sensor system based on a determination that the received transmitter ID is within the range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems. The one or more processors are configured to receive analyte concentration data that has been at least logged by the analyte sensor system during a previous sensor session. The one or more processors are configured to generate one or more reports based on the at least logged analyte concentration data.

[0051] A method for continuous wireless communication of analyte data is provided. The method includes receiving a wake-up signal from a health care provider device. The method includes transmitting a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system. The method includes establishing a wireless connection with the health care provider device based on the transmitted transmitter ID being within a range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems. The method includes transmitting at least logged analyte concentration data to the health care provider device.

[0052] In some embodiments, the method includes generating analyte concentration data during a sensor session. In some embodiments, the method includes logging analyte concentration data during a sensor session. In some embodiments, the wake-up signal is received by a magnetic sensor at a time after the sensor session has ended.

[0053] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an analyte sensor configured to generate analyte concentration data during a sensor session. The system includes storage configured to log analyte concentration data during the sensor session. The system includes a magnetic sensor configured to receive a wake signal from a healthcare provider device. The system includes a transceiver radio. The system includes one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to establish a wireless connection with the healthcare provider device based on the transmitted transmitter ID being within a range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems. The one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit at least the logged analyte concentration data to the healthcare provider device.

[0054] In some embodiments, the magnetic sensor receives the wake signal at a time after the sensor session has ended.

[0055] A method for wireless communication of continuous analysis data is provided. The method includes periodically collecting raw data from an analyte sensor during the duration of a sensor session. The method includes storing the raw data. The method includes delaying conversion of the raw data to an estimated analyte value until at least after the sensor session has ended.

[0056] In some embodiments, the sensor session corresponds to the intended useful life of the analyte sensor system.

[0057] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an analyte sensor configured to periodically generate raw data during the duration of a sensor session. The system includes storage configured to store the raw data during the sensor session. The system includes one or more processors configured to delay conversion of the raw data to an estimated analyte value until at least after the sensor session has ended.

[0058] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes measuring, by an analyte sensor system, at least one analyte concentration value during a sensor session. The method includes transmitting, using a cellular network connection, the at least one analyte concentration value to a device associated with a healthcare provider.

[0059] In some embodiments, the at least one analyte concentration value is not displayed to the user of the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the at least one analyte concentration value is transmitted to a device associated with a healthcare provider after the sensor session has ended.

[0060] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an analyte sensor configured to measure at least one analyte concentration value during a sensor session. The system includes a transceiver radio corresponding to a cellular network. The system includes one or more processors configured to cause the at least one analyte concentration value to be transmitted to a device associated with a healthcare provider using a cellular network connection via the transceiver radio corresponding to the cellular network.

[0061] A method for wireless communication of data is provided. The method includes receiving power from a first device via short-range wireless communication by an analyte sensor system. The method includes using the received power to power up at least a portion of the analyte sensor system. The method includes transmitting, using a first communication protocol, data from the analyte sensor system to the first device for use in addressing a suspected failure of the analyte sensor system.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth low energy protocol.

[0063] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes a short-range wireless communication circuit configured to receive power from a first device via short-range wireless communication. The system includes a transceiver wireless configured to be powered up by the received power. The system includes one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver wireless to transmit, using a first communication protocol, data to the first device for use in addressing a suspected failure of the analyte sensor system.

[0064] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data is provided. The method includes placing a display device in close proximity to an analyte sensor system such that a short-range wireless communication protocol controller of the display device uses a short-range wireless communication protocol to transmit power to the analyte sensor system, thereby powering up at least a portion of the analyte sensor system. The method includes receiving data from the analyte sensor system via a first communication protocol. The method includes retransmitting the data via a second communication protocol to a second device accessible by a customer service representative for use in addressing a suspected failure of the analyte sensor system.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth low energy protocol. In some embodiments, the second communication protocol is Wi-Fi.

[0066] A display device is provided. The device includes a short-range communication protocol controller configured to utilize a short-range communication protocol to transmit power to an analyte sensor system when the display device is disposed sufficiently close to the analyte sensor system, thereby powering up at least a portion of the analyte sensor system. The device includes a transceiver radio configured to receive data from the analyte sensor system via a first communication protocol. The device includes one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver radio to retransmit data via a second communication protocol to a second device accessible to a customer service representative to address a suspected failure of the analyte sensor system.

[0067] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte concentration data is provided. The method includes transmitting at least one of a wake-up signal and a first security code to the analyte sensor system as modulated visible light. The method includes receiving from the analyte sensor system a second security code encrypted using the first security code. The method includes verifying the encrypted second security code. The method includes establishing a secure communication channel with the analyte sensor system in response to the verification. The method includes receiving analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system via the secure communication channel.

[0068] In some embodiments, the encrypted second security code is received using a communication protocol different from the modulated visible light. In some embodiments, the communication protocol is the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. In some embodiments, the analyte concentration data is received and encrypted using the second security code, and the secure communication channel comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy communication channel. In some embodiments, the wake-up signal and the first security code are transmitted as modulated visible light using a display. In some embodiments, the modulated visible light comprises one or more patterns of color, brightness, or contrast displayed on the display.

[0069] A display device is provided. The device includes a display configured to transmit at least one of a wake-up signal and a first security code to an analyte sensor system as modulated visible light. The device includes a transceiver radio configured to receive a second security code encrypted using the first security code from the analyte sensor system. The device includes one or more processors configured to verify the encrypted second security code. The one or more processors are configured to establish a secure communication channel with the analyte sensor system in response to the verification. The one or more processors are configured to receive analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system via the secure communication channel.

[0070] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte concentration data is provided. The method includes receiving, from a display device, at least one of a wake-up signal and a first security code as modulated visible light. The method includes transmitting, from an analyte sensor system, a second security code encrypted using the first security code. The method includes establishing a secure communication channel with the display device. The method includes transmitting analyte concentration data via the secure communication channel.

[0071] In some embodiments, the encrypted second security code is transmitted using a communication protocol different from the modulated visible light. In some embodiments, the communication protocol is the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. In some embodiments, the analyte concentration data is transmitted and encrypted using the second security code, and the secure communication channel comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy communication channel. In some embodiments, the wake-up signal and the first security code are received as modulated visible light using an optical sensor. In some embodiments, the modulated visible light comprises one or more patterns of color, brightness, or contrast displayed on a display of the display device.

[0072] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes an optical sensor configured to receive at least one of a wake-up signal and a first security code as modulated visible light from a display device. The system includes a transceiver radio configured to transmit a second security code encrypted using the first security code. The system includes one or more processors configured to establish a secure communication channel with the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit analyte concentration data via the secure communication channel.

[0073] A method for wireless communication with a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The method includes receiving, from a user, an input indicating a request to pair a second display device with the analyte sensor system on a first display device. The method includes transmitting, to the analyte sensor system, a first signal indicating that the second display device has requested pairing. The method includes receiving, from the second display device, a second signal indicating that the user has initiated a pairing process between the second display device and the analyte sensor system. The method includes transmitting, in response to receiving the second signal from the second display device, a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system to the second display device.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first display device comprises a smartphone and the second display device comprises a smartwatch. In some embodiments, the second display device is configured to utilize a transmitter ID to pair with the analyte sensor system.

[0075] A first display device is provided. The device includes an input interface configured to receive, from a user, an input indicating a request to pair a second display device with the analyte sensor system. The device includes a transceiver radio configured to transmit, to the analyte sensor system, a first signal indicating that the second display device has requested pairing. The device includes one or more processors configured to receive, from the second display device, a second signal indicating that the user has initiated a pairing process between the second display device and the analyte sensor system. The one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit, in response to receiving the second signal from the second display device, a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system to the second display device.

[0076] A method for wireless communication with a continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The method includes receiving, from the analyte sensor system, one or more advertisement messages transmitted in response to a user selection on a first display device to pair a second display device with the analyte sensor system. The method includes displaying a notification of the pairing process in response to receiving the one or more advertisement messages. The method includes transmitting, to the first display device, a signal indicating that the input has been received from the user in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process. The method includes receiving, at the first display device, a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system. The method includes establishing a secure connection with the analyte sensor system using the transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first display device comprises a smartphone and the second display device comprises a smartwatch. In some embodiments, the second display device is configured to utilize the transmitter ID to pair with the analyte sensor system.

[0078] A display device is provided. The device includes a transceiver radio configured to receive from an analyte sensor system one or more advertisement messages transmitted in response to a user selection on another display device to pair the display device with the analyte sensor system. The device includes a display configured to display a notification of a pairing process in response to the transceiver radio receiving one or more advertisement messages. The device includes one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit a signal indicating that an input has been received from the user to another display device in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process. The one or more processors are configured to receive a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system from a first display device. The one or more processors are configured to establish a secure connection with the analyte sensor system using the transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system.

[0079] A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte concentration data is provided. The method includes transmitting, during a predetermined communication interval, one or more first advertisement messages using a first set of parameters if a whitelist of previously authenticated devices has at least one unfilled entry. The method includes transmitting, during a predetermined communication interval, one or more second advertisement messages using a second set of parameters if at least one device is on the whitelist. The method includes establishing, during a predetermined communication interval, a first communication session between the analyte sensor system and a first device and a second communication session between the analyte sensor system and a second device based on at least one of the first advertisement messages and the second advertisement messages. The method includes transmitting analyte concentration data to the first device and the second device using at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session during a predetermined communication interval.

[0080] In some embodiments, one or more first advertisement messages advertise the availability of the analyte sensor system for connection with one or more devices that are not currently on the whitelist, and one or more second advertisement messages advertise the availability of the analyte sensor system for connection with one or more devices that are currently on the whitelist.

[0081] In some embodiments, one or more first advertisement messages are transmitted after one or more second advertisement messages. In some embodiments, one or more first advertisement messages are transmitted before one or more second advertisement messages. In some embodiments, the method includes not transmitting one or more first advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if the whitelist has no entries that are at least not filled. In some embodiments, the method includes not transmitting one or more second advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if no devices are currently on the whitelist. In some embodiments, the method includes not transmitting one or more second advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if, in response to one or more first advertisement messages, all devices currently on the whitelist are connected to the analyte sensor system.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first set of parameters defines one or more of the first length of the first advertisement interval for transmitting one or more first advertisement messages, the first regular interval for transmitting one or more first advertisement messages, and the first power for transmitting one or more first advertisement messages. In some embodiments, the second set of parameters defines one or more of the second length of the second advertisement interval for transmitting one or more second advertisement messages, the second regular interval for transmitting one or more second advertisement messages, and the second power for transmitting one or more second advertisement messages. In some embodiments, the first power for transmitting one or more first advertisement messages is less than the second power for transmitting one or more second advertisement messages. In some embodiments, both the device used by the consumer and the device used by the medical professional are eligible to be included in the whitelist. In some embodiments, the whitelist comprises three or more entries.

[0083] A continuous analyte sensor system configured for wireless communication of analyte concentration data is provided. The system includes a transceiver radio configured to transmit one or more first advertisement messages using a first set of parameters during a predetermined communication interval if a whitelist of previously authenticated devices has at least one unfilled entry. The transceiver radio is configured to transmit one or more second advertisement messages using a second set of parameters during a predetermined communication interval if at least one device is on the whitelist. The system includes one or more processors configured to establish a first communication session between the analyte sensor system and a first device and a second communication session between the analyte sensor system and a second device based on at least one of the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message. The one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit analyte concentration data to the first device and the second device using at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session during a predetermined communication interval.

[0084] In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio not to transmit one or more first advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if the whitelist has no unfilled entries. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio not to transmit one or more second advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if no devices are currently on the whitelist. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to cause the transceiver radio not to transmit one or more second advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if all devices currently on the whitelist are connected to the analyte sensor system in response to one or more first advertisement messages.

[0085] A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data is provided. The method includes establishing a first communication session with a first display device and a second communication session with a second display device, where the second display device is unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system for a period after establishing the second communication session. The method includes transmitting analyte sensor data to the first display device via the first communication session. The method includes storing the analyte sensor data for at least that period. The method includes, in response to the second display device becoming able to communicate with the analyte sensor system after that period, transmitting the stored analyte sensor data to the second display device using the second communication session.

[0086] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes transceiver radio configured to establish a first communication session with a first display device and a second communication session with a second display device. The transceiver radio is configured to transmit analyte sensor data to the first display device via the first communication session. The system includes storage configured to store the analyte sensor data for at least a period after establishing the second communication session during which the second display device is unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system. The system includes one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit the stored analyte sensor data to the second display device using the second communication session in response to the second display device becoming able to communicate with the analyte sensor system after that period.

[0087] A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data is provided. The method includes establishing a first communication session between a first display device and an analyte sensor system, and a third communication session between the first display device and a second display device, where the second display device has established a second communication session with an analyte sensor. The method includes receiving analyte sensor data from the analyte sensor system via the first communication session, where the second display device is unable to communicate with the first display device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time from the establishment of the second communication session. The method includes storing the analyte sensor data for at least that period of time. The method includes, in response to the second display device becoming able to communicate via the third communication session after that period of time, transmitting the stored analyte sensor data to the second display device using the third communication session.

[0088] A first display device is provided. The device includes transceiver radio configured to establish a first communication session with an analyte sensor system and a third communication session with a second display device, where the second display device has established a second communication session with an analyte sensor. The transceiver radio is configured to receive analyte sensor data from the analyte sensor system via the first communication session, where the second display device is unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time from the establishment of the second communication session. The device includes memory configured to store the analyte sensor data for at least that period of time. The device includes one or more processors configured to transmit the stored analyte sensor data to the second device using the third communication session in response to the second device becoming able to communicate via the third communication session after that period of time.

[0089] A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data is provided. The method includes establishing a first communication session with an analyte sensor system and a second communication session with a first display device. The method includes making communication between the first display device and the analyte sensor system impossible for a period of time from the establishment of the first communication session. The method includes, in response to becoming able to communicate via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session after that period, receiving, via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session, analyte sensor data previously stored by at least one of the first display device and the analyte sensor system during that period.

[0090] A first display device is provided. The device includes transceiver radio configured to establish a first communication session with an analyte sensor system and a second communication session with the first display device, and the first display device makes communication between the first device and the analyte sensor system impossible for a period of time from the establishment of the first communication session. The transceiver radio is configured to receive, via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session, in response to becoming able to communicate via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session after that period, analyte sensor data previously stored by at least one of the first device and the analyte sensor system during that period.

[0091] A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data is provided. The method includes determining that a first communication session between an analyte sensor system and a display device should be closed. The method includes delaying closing the first communication session until after at least an advertisement message has been sent.

[0092] In some embodiments, the determination that the first communication session should be closed is made in response to the first communication session not being active for a predetermined period of time. In some embodiments, the determination that the first communication session should be closed is made in response to a change in the mode of the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, the change in the mode of the analyte sensor comprises the analyte sensor system transitioning from performing an active glucose monitoring session to ending the active glucose monitoring session. In some embodiments, the method comprises preventing the first communication session from closing based on receiving a plurality of heartbeat signals via the first communication session after the determination, in response to the determination. In some embodiments, the plurality of heartbeat signals are spaced apart from each other by a first interval, and the method comprises receiving, prior to the determination, a second plurality of heartbeat signals via the first communication session, the second plurality of heartbeat signals being spaced apart from each other by a second interval that is longer than the first interval.

[0093] A continuous analyte sensor system is provided. The system includes one or more processors configured to determine that a first communication session with a display device should be closed and to delay closing the first communication session at least until after one or more advertisement messages have been transmitted.

[0094] Further aspects of the present disclosure will be more readily understood by considering the detailed description of the various disclosed embodiments below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0096] The drawings are explained in more detail in the following description and examples, are provided for purposes of illustration only, and merely show typical or exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The drawings are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. It is also to be understood that the present disclosure may be practiced with modifications or alterations and that the present disclosure may be limited only by the claims and their equivalents.

[0097] Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication of analyte data. In various arrangements described herein, the analyte data can be glucose data generated by an analyte sensor system configured to connect to a display device or the like. Implementing aspects of the present disclosure can reduce the power consumption of an analyte sensor system by increasing its efficiency with respect to wireless communication between the analyte sensor system and other devices. Moreover, implementing aspects of the present disclosure can enable reduction of power consumption while maintaining and / or improving the reliability, speed, and accuracy of wireless communication, as well as the performance with respect to connection protocols associated with wireless communication. Specifically, some such aspects of the present disclosure relate to, for example, authentication and encryption, connection protocols, the structure and content of advertisement messages, device pairing, data transmission, data log acquisition, and the like.

[0098] Details of some exemplary embodiments of the systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure are described in this description and, in some cases, in other parts of the present disclosure. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the present disclosure, description, drawings, examples, and claims. All such additional systems, methods, devices, features, and advantages are included in this description (explicitly or by reference) and are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure and protected by one or more of the appended claims.

[0099] Summary In some embodiments, a system for continuous measurement of an analyte in a host is provided. The system can include a continuous analyte sensor configured to continuously measure the concentration of an analyte in a host and a sensor electronics module physically connected to the continuous analyte sensor during use of the sensor. In certain embodiments, the sensor electronics module includes electronics configured to process a data stream associated with the analyte concentration measured by the continuous analyte sensor to generate sensor information including, for example, raw sensor data, converted sensor data, and / or any other sensor data. The sensor electronics module can further be configured to generate sensor information customized for each display device so that different display devices can receive different sensor information.

[0100] As used herein, the term "analyte" is a broad term and should be given its ordinary and customary meaning to one of ordinary skill in the art (and should not be limited to a special or customized meaning), and further, without limitation, refers to a substance or chemical component in a bodily fluid that can be analyzed (e.g., blood, interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, or urine). An analyte can include substances that occur in nature, artificial substances, metabolites, and / or reaction products. In some embodiments, the analyte that is the subject of measurement by a sensor head, device, and method is the analyte. However, without limitation, acarboxyprothrombin, acylcarnitine, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, adenosine deaminase, albumin, alpha fetoprotein, amino acid composition (arginine (Krebs cycle), histidine / urocanic acid, homocysteine, phenylalanine / tyrosine, tryptophan), androstenedione, antipyrine, arabinitol enantiomer, arginase, benzoylecgonine (cocaine), biotinidase, biopterin, c-reactive protein, carnitine, carnosinase, CD4, ceruloplasmin, chenodeoxycholic acid, chloroquine, cholesterol, cholinesterase, conjugated 1-beta hydroxychenodeoxycholic acid, cortisol, creatine kinase, creatine kinase MM isozyme, cyclosporine A, d-penicillamine, deethylchloroquine, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, DNA (acetylation polymorphism, alcohol dehydrogenase, alpha1-antitrypsin, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin A, hemoglobin S, hemoglobin C, hemoglobin D, hemoglobin E, hemoglobin F, D Punjab, beta-thalassemia, hepatitis B virus, HCMV, HIV-1, HTLV-1, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, MCAD, RNA, PKU, Plasmodium malariae, sexual differentiation, 21-deoxycortisol), desbutylhalofantrine, dihydroptenidine reductase, diphtheria / tetanus antitoxin, erythrocyte arginase, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, esterase D, fatty acid / acylglycine, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin,Free thyroxine (FT4), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), fumarylacetoacetase, galactose / gal-1-phosphate, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, gentamicin, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glycolic acid, glycosylated hemoglobin, halofantrine, hemoglobin variants, hexosaminidase A, human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, immunoreactive trypsin, lactate, lead, lipoproteins ((a), B / A-1, β), lysozyme, mefloquine, netilmicin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, phytanic acid / pristanic acid, progesterone, prolactin, prolidase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, kinins, reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3), selenium, serum pancreatic lipase, sisomicin, somatomedin C, specific antibodies (adenovirus, antinuclear antibodies, anti-zeta antibodies, arbovirus, OESKIE disease virus, dengue virus, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Entamoeba histolytica, enterovirus, Giardia duodenalisa, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus, herpes virus, HIV-1, IgE (atopic diseases), influenza virus, Leishmania donovani, leptospira, measles / mumps / rubella, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium pneumoniae, myoglobin, Onchocerca volvulus, parainfluenza virus, Plasmodium falciparum, poliovirus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus, rickettsia (scrub typhus), Schistosoma mansoni,Other analytes may be considered, including Toxoplasma gondii, Trepenoma pallidium, Trypanosoma cruzi / rangeli, vesicular stomatitis virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, yellow fever virus, specific antigens (hepatitis B virus, HIV-1), succinylacetone, sulfadoxine, theophylline, thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), thyroxine-binding globulin, trace elements, transferrin, UDP-galactose-4-epimerase, urea, uroporphyrinogen I synthase, vitamin A, white blood cells, and zinc protoporphyrin. Salts, sugars, proteins, fats, vitamins, and hormones that naturally occur in blood or interstitial fluid may also constitute analytes in certain embodiments. Analytes, such as metabolites, hormones, antigens, antibodies, etc., may naturally occur in body fluids. Alternatively, analytes, such as contrast agents for imaging diagnostics, radioisotopes, chemical agents, fluorocarbon-based artificial blood, or drugs or pharmaceutical compositions, may be introduced into the body, including, but not limited to, insulin, ethanol, cannabis (marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol, hashish), inhalants (nitrous oxide, amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, chloro-hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons), cocaine (crack cocaine), stimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, Ritalin, Cylert, Preludin, Didrex, PreState, Voranil, Sandrex, Plegine), depressants (barbiturates, methaqualone, tranquilizers such as Valium, Librium, Miltown, Serax, Equanil, Tranxene), hallucinogens (fenciclovir, lysergic acid, mescaline, peyote, psilocybin), narcotics (heroin, codeine, morphine, opium, meperidine, Percocet, Percodan, Tussionex, Fentanyl, Darvon, Talwin, Lomotil), designer drugs (analogs of fentanyl, meperidine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and fenciclovir, such as Ecstasy), anabolic steroids,and contains nicotine. Metabolites of the agent and pharmaceutical composition are also possible analytes. For example, analytes such as neurochemicals or other chemicals produced in the body, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, norepinephrine, 3-methoxytyramine (3MT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (FHIAA) can also be analyzed.

[0101] Warning In certain embodiments, one or more warnings are associated with the sensor electronic module. For example, each warning may include one or more warning conditions indicating when each warning was issued. For example, a low blood glucose warning may include a warning condition indicating a minimum glucose level. The warning condition may also be based on transformed sensor data, such as trends in the data and / or sensor data from multiple different sensors (e.g., the warning may be based on sensor data from both a glucose sensor and a temperature sensor). For example, a low blood glucose warning may include a warning condition indicating a minimum required trend in the host's glucose level that must be present before the warning is issued. As used herein, the term "trend" generally refers to data indicating any characteristic of data acquired over time, such as calibrated or filtered data from a continuous glucose sensor. The trend may indicate the amplitude, rate of change, acceleration, direction, etc. of data such as sensor data, including transformed or raw sensor data.

[0102] In certain embodiments, each warning is associated with one or more actions to be performed in response to the issuance of the warning. Warning actions can include, for example, activating an alarm such as displaying information on a display of the sensor electronic module or activating an audible or vibrating alarm coupled to the sensor electronic module, and / or transmitting data to one or more display devices external to the sensor electronic module. For any delivery actions associated with the issued warning, one or more delivery options define the content and / or format of the data to be transmitted, the device to which the data is to be transmitted, when the data is to be transmitted, and / or the communication protocol for the delivery of the data.

[0103] In certain embodiments, multiple delivery actions (each having its own delivery option) can be associated with a single warning such that displayable sensor information having different content and formats is transmitted to respective display devices in response to, for example, the issuance of a single warning. For example, a mobile phone can receive a data package containing minimal displayable sensor information (which can be formatted for display on the mobile phone), while a desktop computer can receive a data package containing most (or all) of the displayable sensor information generated by the sensor electronic module in response to the issuance of a common warning. Advantageously, the sensor electronic module is not tied to a single display device, but rather is configured to communicate directly, systematically, simultaneously (e.g., via broadcast), constantly, periodically, randomly, on demand, in response to a query, based on a warning or an alarm, etc., with multiple different display devices.

[0104] In some embodiments, more precisely, more timely about the unresolved risks, while avoiding false alarms and being less intrusive to the patient, clinical risk warnings are provided that incorporate intelligent and dynamic estimation algorithms for estimating current or predicted risks. Generally, clinical risk warnings include dynamic and intelligent estimation algorithms based on analyte values, rates of change, accelerations, clinical risks, statistical probabilities, known physiological constraints, and / or individual physiological patterns, thereby providing more appropriate, clinically safe, and patient-friendly alarms. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0208246, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes some systems and methods associated with the clinical risk warnings (or alarms) described herein. In some embodiments, clinical risk warnings can be issued over a predetermined period to enable the user to pay attention to their health status. Additionally, clinical risk warnings can be disabled when exiting the clinical risk zone so as not to bother the patient with repetitive clinical alarms (e.g., visual, audible, or vibratory) when the patient's condition is improving. In some embodiments, the dynamic and intelligent estimation determines the probability that the patient will avoid a clinical risk based on analyte concentration, rate of change, and other aspects of the dynamic and intelligent estimation algorithm. If the probability of avoiding a clinical risk is minimal or non-existent, a clinical risk warning is issued. However, if there is a probability of avoiding a clinical risk, the system is configured to wait for a certain length of time and re-analyze the probability of avoiding the clinical risk. In some embodiments, when there is a probability of avoiding a clinical risk, the system is further configured to provide a goal, treatment advice, or other information that can help the patient prophylactically avoid the clinical risk.

[0105] In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to search for one or more display devices within the communication range of the sensor electronic module and wirelessly communicate sensor information (e.g., displayable sensor information, one or more alarm conditions, and / or other alarm information including data packages) thereto. Accordingly, the display device is configured to display at least some of the sensor information and / or to alarm the host (and / or caregiver), and the alarm mechanism is located in the display device.

[0106] In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to provide one or more different alarms via the sensor electronic module and / or via transmission of a data package indicating that an alarm should be initiated by one or more display devices (e.g., sequentially and / or simultaneously). In certain embodiments, the sensor electronic module only provides a data field indicating the presence of an alarm condition, and the display device can determine to issue an alarm when it reads the data field indicating the presence of the alarm condition. In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module determines which of one or more alarms should be issued based on one or more warnings issued. For example, when the issuance of a warning indicates severe hypoglycemia, the sensor electronic module can perform multiple actions such as activating an alarm on the sensor electronic module, transmitting a data package to a monitoring device indicating the activation of the alarm on the display, and transmitting a data package to the caregiver as a text message. By way of example, a text message including displayable sensor information indicating the state of the host (e.g., "severe hypoglycemia") can appear on a custom monitoring device, a mobile phone, a pager device, etc.

[0107] In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to wait for a period of time for the host to respond to the issued warning (e.g., by pressing or selecting a snooze and / or off function and / or button on the sensor electronic module and / or display device), after which additional warnings are issued (e.g., in a progressively increasing manner) until there is a response to one or more of the warnings. In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to send a control signal (e.g., a stop signal) to a medical device associated with an alarm condition (e.g., hypoglycemia), such as an insulin pump, and the stop warning causes the cessation of insulin administration via the pump.

[0108] In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to transmit alarm information in response to a query (from a display device), directly, systematically, simultaneously (e.g., via broadcast), constantly, periodically, randomly, on demand, based on a warning or alarm, etc. In some embodiments, the system further includes a repeater that can extend the wireless communication distance of the sensor electronic module to, for example, 10 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, 70 meters, 75 meters, 100 meters, 150 meters, or 200 meters or more, and the repeater is configured to relay the wireless communication from the sensor electronic module to a display device located at a position remote from the sensor electronic module. The repeater can be useful for families with a diabetic child. For example, in a large house where a parent sleeps away from the child, it enables the parent to carry the display device around or place it in a fixed position.

[0109] Display device In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to search for a display device from a list of display devices and / or attempt wireless communication therewith. In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to search for a list of display devices in a predetermined and / or programmable order (e.g., hierarchical and / or stepwise) and / or attempt wireless communication therewith, such that, for example, if an attempt to communicate with and / or alert a first display device fails, an attempt to communicate with and / or alert a second display device is triggered, and so on. In one exemplary embodiment, the sensor electronic module is configured to search for and attempt to alert a host or caregiver in order, using a list of display devices such as (1) a default display device or custom analyte monitoring device, (2) a cellular phone via audible and / or visual means such as a text message to the host and / or caregiver, a voice message to the host and / or caregiver, and / or 911, (3) a tablet, (4) a smartwatch, and the like.

[0110] According to an embodiment, one or more display devices that receive data packages from a sensor electronic module are "dummy displays", and they display displayable sensor information received from the sensor electronic module without additional processing (e.g., forward algorithm processing required for real-time display of sensor information). In some embodiments, the displayable sensor information comprises converted sensor data that does not require processing by the display device prior to display of the displayable sensor information. Some display devices may include software (software programming comprising instructions configured to display displayable sensor information and optionally query the sensor electronic module to obtain displayable sensor information) that includes display instructions configured to enable display of the displayable sensor information. In some embodiments, the display device is programmed using display instructions at the manufacturer and may include security and / or authentication to prevent piracy of the display device. In some embodiments, the display device is configured to display displayable sensor information via a downloadable program (e.g., but not limited to, JavaScript, apps, etc. downloadable via the Internet such as from an Appstore or Google Play), so any display device that supports downloading of the program (e.g., any display device that supports Java applets) can be configured to display displayable sensor information (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, PDAs, PCs, etc.).

[0111] In some embodiments, a particular display device may communicate wirelessly directly with a sensor electronic module, although intermediate network hardware, firmware, and / or software may be involved in the direct wireless communication. In some embodiments, a repeater (e.g., a Bluetooth repeater) may be used to retransmit displayable sensor information transmitted from a telemetry module of the sensor electronic module at a location beyond a short distance therefrom, enabling direct wireless communication when no significant processing of the displayable sensor information occurs. In some embodiments, a receiver (e.g., a Bluetooth receiver) may be used to retransmit displayable sensor information transmitted, possibly in a different format, e.g., as a text message, to a TV screen, enabling direct wireless communication when no significant processing of the sensor information occurs. In certain embodiments, the sensor electronic module transmits displayable sensor information wirelessly directly to one or more display devices, such that the displayable sensor information transmitted from the sensor electronic module is received by the display device without intermediate processing of the displayable sensor information.

[0112] In certain embodiments, one or more display devices include a built-in authentication mechanism, and authentication is required for communication between the sensor electronic module and the display device. In some embodiments, a challenge response protocol, such as key authentication, is provided to authenticate data communication between the sensor electronic module and the display device, where the challenge is a request for a key, or a hash, or another value based on or derived from the key, and a valid response is the correct key, or hash, or another value based on or derived from the key, so that pairing of the sensor electronic module with the display device can be achieved by the user and / or the manufacturer via the key. This can be referred to as two-way authentication in some cases. The key can be a software or hardware level key. Additionally, the key may be a password (e.g., randomly generated or set by the user or another entity), and / or may be derived from unique identifying features (e.g., fingerprint or retinal information) or identification information, etc.

[0113] In some embodiments, one or more display devices are configured to query a sensor electronic module about displayable sensor information, and the display device operates as a master device that requests sensor information from the sensor electronic module (e.g., a slave device) on demand, for example in response to the query. In some cases, the display device operates as the master and the sensor electronic module operates as the slave, but in other cases these roles can be reversed. For example, depending on the nature of the communication, etc., the roles can be reversed. In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured for systematic, steady, and / or periodic transmission of sensor information to one or more display devices (e.g., every 30 seconds, every minute, every two minutes, every seven minutes, or every ten minutes or more). In some embodiments, the sensor electronic module is configured to transmit a data package associated with an issued warning (e.g., issued by one or more warning conditions). However, any combination of the statuses described above for data transmission can be implemented using any combination of paired sensor electronic modules and display devices, or any combination of the display devices themselves. For example, one or more display devices can be configured to query a sensor electronic module database and receive alarm information issued by the satisfaction of one or more alarm conditions. Additionally, the sensor electronic module may be configured for periodic transmission of sensor information to one or more display devices (the same or different display devices as described in the previous example), whereby the system can include display devices that function differently with respect to how sensor information is obtained.

[0114] In some embodiments, the display device is configured to query the data storage memory in the sensor electronic module for certain types of data content, including direct queries to a database in the memory of the sensor electronic module and / or requests for structured or configurable packages of data content therefrom, i.e., the data stored in the sensor electronic module is configurable, queryable, predefined, and / or pre-packaged based on the display device with which the sensor electronic module is communicating. In some additional or alternative embodiments, the sensor electronic module generates sensor information that is displayable based on knowledge of which display device should receive a particular transmission. Additionally, some display devices are capable of obtaining calibration information through manual entry of calibration information, automatic delivery of calibration information, and / or an integrated reference analyte monitor incorporated into the display device, and wirelessly transmitting the calibration information to the sensor electronic module. U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2006 / 0222566, 2007 / 0203966, 2007 / 0208245, and 2005 / 0154271, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, describe systems and methods for providing an integrated reference analyte monitor incorporated into a display device and / or other calibration methods that may be implemented with the embodiments disclosed herein. In some embodiments, such sensor electronic modules may be factory-calibrated such that calibration information need not be transmitted to the sensor electronic module.

[0115] Generally, a plurality of display devices (e.g., custom analyte monitoring devices (which may also be referred to as analyte display devices), mobile phones, tablets, smart watches, reference analyte monitors, drug delivery devices, medical devices, and personal computers) may be configured to communicate wirelessly with a sensor electronic module. The plurality of display devices may be configured to display at least a portion of the displayable sensor information that is communicated wirelessly from the sensor electronic module. The displayable sensor information may include sensor data such as raw data, and / or transformed sensor data such as, for example, analyte concentration values, rate of change information, trend information, warning information, sensor diagnostic information, and / or calibration information.

[0116] Continuous sensor Referring to FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, the analyte sensor 10 includes a continuous glucose sensor, such as a subcutaneous, transdermal (e.g., transcutaneous), or intravascular device. In some embodiments, such sensors or devices can analyze multiple intermittent blood samples. The glucose sensor can use any known method of glucose measurement, including enzymatic, chemical, physical, electrochemical, spectroscopic, polarimetric, calorimetric, ionophoretic, radiometric, immunochemical, etc.

[0117] The glucose sensor can use any known method, including invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive sensing techniques (e.g., fluorescence monitoring), to provide a data stream indicative of the concentration of glucose in the host. The data stream is typically a raw data signal, which is converted into a calibrated and / or filtered data stream that is used to provide useful values of glucose to a user such as a patient or caregiver (e.g., parent, relative, guardian, teacher, doctor, nurse, or any other individual interested in the health of the host).

[0118] A glucose sensor can be any device capable of measuring the concentration of glucose. According to one exemplary embodiment described below, an implantable glucose sensor can be used. However, the devices and methods described herein can be applied to any device capable of detecting the concentration of glucose and providing an output signal representative of the concentration of glucose (e.g., in the form of analyte data).

[0119] In certain embodiments, analyte sensor 10 is an implantable glucose sensor such as that described with reference to U.S. Patent No. 8,001,067 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0027463 (A1). In embodiments, analyte sensor 10 is a transdermal glucose sensor such as that described with reference to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0020187 (A1). In embodiments, analyte sensor 10 is configured to be implanted in a host's blood vessel or extracorporeally, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007 / 0027385, 2008 / 0119703 (A1) (co-pending U.S. patent application filed Oct. 4, 2006), 2008 / 0108942 (A1) (U.S. patent application filed Mar. 26, 2007), and 2007 / 0197890 (A1) (U.S. patent application filed Feb. 14, 2007). In embodiments, continuous glucose sensors include transdermal sensors such as, for example, those described in Say et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,565,509. In embodiments, analyte sensor 10 is a continuous glucose sensor that includes subcutaneous sensors such as, for example, those described with reference to Bonnecaze et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,579,690 and Say et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,484,046. In embodiments, continuous glucose sensors include refillable subcutaneous sensors such as, for example, those described with reference to Colvin et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,512,939. Continuous glucose sensors can include intravascular sensors such as, for example, those described with reference to Schulman et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,477,395. Continuous glucose sensors can include intravascular sensors such as, for example, those described with reference to Mastrototaro et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,424,847.

[0120] Figures 2A and 2B are perspective and cross-sectional views of a housing 200 that may be used in connection with implementing an embodiment of an analyte sensor system 8 according to certain aspects of the present disclosure. The housing 200 includes, in certain embodiments, a mounting unit 214 and a sensor electronics module 12 attached thereto. A housing 200 including the mounting unit 214 and the sensor electronics module 12 that mates therewith is shown in a functional position. In some embodiments, the mounting unit 214, also referred to as a housing or sensor pod, includes a base 234 that is adapted to be secured to a host or user's skin. The base 234 may be formed from various hard or soft materials and may be thin to minimize protrusion of the device from the host during use. In some embodiments, the base 234 is formed from at least partially flexible material, which can provide a number of advantages over other transcutaneous sensors that unfortunately may be subject to movement-related artifacts associated with the movement of the host while the host is using the device. The mounting unit 214 and / or the sensor electronics module 12 may be disposed to cover the sensor insertion site to protect the sensor insertion site and / or to minimize the footprint (utilization of the surface area of the host's skin).

[0121] In some embodiments, a removable connection is provided between the mounting unit 214 and the sensor electronics module 12, which enables improved manufacturability, i.e., when updating or servicing the analyte sensor system 8, the relatively inexpensive mounting unit 214 can be discarded, while the relatively expensive sensor electronics module 12 can be reusable with multiple sensor systems. In some embodiments, the sensor electronics module 12 is configured using signal processing (programming) to filter, calibrate, and / or execute other algorithms useful for calibration and / or display of sensor information, for example. However, an integral (non-removable) sensor electronics module may be configured instead.

[0122] In some embodiments, contact 238 contacts or is attached within a subassembly hereinafter referred to as contact subassembly 236, and contact subassembly 236 is configured to fit within base 234 and hinge 248 of mounting unit 214, and hinge 248 enables contact subassembly 236 to pivot between a first position (for insertion) and a second position (for use) relative to mounting unit 214. As used herein, the term "hinge" is a broad term and, without limitation, is used in its ordinary meaning to include any of various pivoting mechanisms, articulation mechanisms, and / or hinge mechanisms, such as adhesive hinges, sliding joints, etc. The term "hinge" does not necessarily imply a pivot or fixed point about which the articulation occurs. In some embodiments, contact 238 is formed from a conductive elastomeric material, such as carbon black elastomer, through which sensor 10 extends.

[0123] Referring further to FIG. 2A, in certain embodiments, the mounting unit 214 is provided with an adhesive pad 208 disposed on the back of the mounting unit and including a releasable backing layer. Thus, by removing the backing layer and pressing at least a portion of the base 234 of the mounting unit 214 against the host's skin, the mounting unit 214 adheres to the host's skin. Additionally or alternatively, to ensure adhesion and optionally to ensure an airtight or watertight seal around the wound exit site (or sensor insertion site) (not shown), after sensor insertion is complete, the adhesive pad may be placed to cover some or all of the analyte sensor system 8 and / or the sensor 10. Suitable adhesive pads may be selected and designed to stretch, elongate, conform to, and / or provide breathability to that area (e.g., the host's skin). The embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B are described in more detail with reference to U.S. Patent No. 7,310,544, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The construction and arrangement may provide water resistance, waterproofness, and / or airtightness associated with the embodiments of the mounting unit / sensor electronic module described herein.

[0124] A variety of methods and devices suitable for use in connection with aspects of some embodiments are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0240120 (A1), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0125] Exemplary Configuration Referring again to FIG. 1A, a system 100 is illustrated that may be used in connection with implementing aspects of an analyte sensor system. In some cases, system 100 may be used to implement various systems described herein. System 100 in an embodiment includes an analyte sensor system 8, display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140, according to certain aspects of the present disclosure. The analyte sensor system 8 in the illustrated embodiment includes a sensor electronics module 12 and a continuous analyte sensor 10 associated with the sensor electronics module 12. The sensor electronics module 12 may communicate wirelessly (e.g., directly or indirectly) with one or more of the display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140. In an embodiment, system 100 also includes a medical device 136, a healthcare provider device 150, a server system 134, a factory test station 351, and a factory calibration station 381. The sensor electronics module 12 may also communicate wirelessly (e.g., directly or indirectly) with the medical device 136, the healthcare provider device 150, and the server system 134. Similarly, in some examples, the display devices 110-140 may also communicate wirelessly (e.g., directly or indirectly) with the medical device 136, the healthcare provider device 150, and the server system 134. The various couplings shown in FIG. 1A may be facilitated by a wireless access point 138, as also mentioned below.

[0126] In certain embodiments, the sensor electronic module 12 includes electronic circuitry associated with measuring and processing continuous analyte sensor data, including a forward algorithm associated with the processing and calibration of sensor data. The sensor electronic module 12 may be physically connected to the continuous analyte sensor 10, may be integral with the continuous analyte sensor 10 (and inseparably attached thereto), or may be removably attachable thereto. The sensor electronic module 12 may include hardware, firmware, and / or software that enables measurement of the level of the analyte via a glucose sensor. For example, the sensor electronic module 12 may include a potentiostat, a power source for powering the sensor, other components useful for signal processing and data storage, and a telemetry module for transmitting data from the sensor electronic module to one or more display devices. The electronic device may be attached to, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB) and may take various forms. For example, the electronic device may take the form of an integrated circuit (IC) such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a microcontroller, and / or a processor.

[0127] The sensor electronic module 12 can include a sensor electronic device configured to process sensor information such as sensor data and generate the converted sensor data and displayable sensor information. Examples of systems and methods for processing sensor analyte data are described in more detail herein and in U.S. Patent No. 7,310,544, U.S. Patent No. 8,931,327, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0043598, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0032706, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0016381, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0033254, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0203360, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0154271, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0192557, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0222566, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0203966, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0208245, and the entireties of all of these are hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

[0128] Referring back to FIG. 1A, display devices 110, 120, 130, and / or 140 are configured to display (and / or sound an alarm for) displayable sensor information that may be transmitted by sensor electronics module 12 (e.g., in a customized data package transmitted to the display device based on respective preferences). Each of display devices 110, 120, 130, or 140 may include a display such as touchscreen displays 112, 122, 132, or 142 for displaying sensor information and / or analyte data to the user and / or for receiving input from the user. For example, a graphical user interface may be presented to the user for such purposes. In some embodiments, the display device may include another type of user interface, such as an audio user interface, instead of or in addition to the touchscreen display, for communicating sensor information to the user of the display device and / or for receiving user input. In some embodiments, one, some, or all of the display devices are configured to display or otherwise communicate sensor information as communicated from the sensor electronics module (e.g., in the data package transmitted to each display device) without any additional forward processing required for calibration and real-time display of the sensor data.

[0129] Medical device 136 can be a passive device in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, as shown in FIG. 1B, medical device 136 can be an insulin pump for administering insulin to a user. For various reasons, it may be desirable for such an insulin pump to receive and track glucose values transmitted from analyte sensor system 8. One reason is to provide the insulin pump with the ability to interrupt / perform insulin administration based on the glucose value falling below / above a threshold. One solution that enables a passive device (e.g., medical device 136) to receive analyte data (e.g., glucose values) without being adhered to analyte sensor system 8 is to include the analyte data in an advertisement message transmitted from analyte sensor system 8. The data included in the advertisement message can be encoded such that only devices having identification information associated with analyte sensor system 8 can decrypt the analyte data. Medical device 136 may include an input / output portion 136a, in which, for example, glucose values and other values may be displayed, and inputs may be received via buttons, wireless connections, or other mechanisms. Medical device 136 may also include an attachment portion 136b that interfaces with the user to administer insulin, for example, in response to an input received at input / output portion 136a. In some cases, attachment portion 136b can provide a perceptible warning or other notification to the user based on, for example, an input received and / or a calculated value at input / output portion 136a.

[0130] As disclosed herein, healthcare provider device 150 can be utilized by a healthcare provider to track, log, and / or otherwise analyze data provided by one or more analyte sensor systems. Some exemplary embodiments of healthcare provider device 150 are described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 26 through 27B below.

[0131] As disclosed herein, the factory calibration station 381 can be utilized to calibrate one or more analyte sensor systems. Some exemplary embodiments of the factory calibration station 381 are described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 3D and 5 below.

[0132] As disclosed herein, the factory test station 351 can be utilized to test one or more analyte sensor systems. Some exemplary embodiments of the factory test station 351 are described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 3E, 6A, and 6B below.

[0133] Referring further to FIG. 1A, the plurality of display devices can include a custom display device that is specially designed to display a particular type of displayable sensor information (e.g., in some embodiments, numerical values and arrows) associated with the analyte data received from the sensor electronic module 12. The analyte display device 110 is an example of such a custom device. In some embodiments, one of the plurality of display devices is a smartphone, such as a mobile phone 120 based on Android, iOS, or other operating systems, and is configured to display a graphical representation of continuous sensor data (e.g., including current and past data). Other display devices can include other handheld devices, such as a tablet 130, a smartwatch 140, a medical device 136 (e.g., an insulin delivery device or a blood glucose meter), and / or a desktop or laptop computer.

[0134] Because different display devices provide different user interfaces, the content of the data package (e.g., the data to be displayed, the amount such as an alarm, format, and / or type) can be customized for each specific display device (e.g., programmed differently by the manufacturer and / or by the end user). Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 1A, a plurality of different display devices communicate wirelessly directly with a sensor electronic module (such as the on-skin sensor electronic module 12 physically connected to the continuous analyte sensor 10) during a sensor session to enable a plurality of different types and / or levels of display and / or functions associated with displayable sensor information, which is described in more detail elsewhere in this specification.

[0135] As further shown in FIG. 1A, the system 100 may also include a wireless access point (WAP) 138 that can be used to couple one or more of the analyte sensor system 8, the plurality of display devices, the server system 134, and the medical device 136 to each other. For example, the WAP 138 can provide Wi-Fi and / or cellular connections within the system 100. Near field communication (NFC) can also be used between the devices of the system 100. The server system 134 can be used to collect analyte data from the analyte sensor system 8 and / or the plurality of display devices, and for example, perform an analysis on them and generate general or individualized models for glucose levels, profiles, etc.

[0136] Referring now to FIG. 3A, a system 300 is illustrated. The system 300 can be used in connection with implementing the disclosed system, method, and device embodiments. By way of example, the various components described below in FIG. 3A can be used, for example, to provide wireless communication of glucose data between an analyte sensor system and a plurality of display devices, medical devices, servers, etc.

[0137] As shown in FIG. 3A, system 100 may include analyte sensor systems 308 and one or more display devices 310. Additionally, in the illustrated embodiment, system 300 includes server system 334, which includes server 334a coupled to processor 334c and storage 334b. Analyte sensor system 308 may be coupled to display device 310 and / or server system 334 via communication medium 305.

[0138] As described in detail herein, the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310 can exchange messaging via the communication medium 305, which can also be used to distribute analyte data to the display device 310 and / or the server system 334. The display device 310 can include a variety of electronic computing devices such as, for example, smartphones, tablets, laptops, wearable devices such as smartwatches, and the like. The display device 310 can also include the analyte display device 110, the medical device 136, the health care provider device 150, the server system 134, the factory test station 351, and the factory calibration station 381. Here, it should be noted that the graphical user interface (GUI) of the display device 310 can perform functions such as receiving user input and displaying menus and information derived from analyte data. The GUI can be provided by a variety of operating systems known in the art such as, for example, iOS, Android, Windows Mobile, Windows, Mac OS, Chrome OS, Linux®, Unix, game platform OSs (e.g., Xbox, PlayStation, Wii), and the like. In various embodiments, the communication medium 305 can be based on one or more wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, Wi-Fi, 802.11 protocol, infrared (IR), radio frequency (RF), 2G, 3E, 4G, 7G, etc., and / or wired protocols and media.

[0139] In various embodiments, the elements of system 300 may be used to perform the various processes described herein and / or to perform the various operations described herein with respect to one or more of the disclosed systems and methods. Upon studying this disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that system 300 may include a plurality of analyte sensor systems, a communication medium 305 for communication utilizing the same or different communication protocols, and / or a server system 334.

[0140] As mentioned, communication medium 305 may be used to connect or communicatively couple analyte sensor system 308, display device 310, and / or server system 334 to each other or to a network, and communication medium 305 may be implemented in various forms. For example, communication medium 305 may include an Internet connection such as a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), fiber optic network, Internet over power line, hardwired connection (e.g., a bus), or any other type of network connection. Communication medium 305 may be implemented using any combination of routers, cables, modems, switches, fiber optics, wires, wireless (e.g., microwave / RF links), etc. Additionally, it may be implemented using various wireless standards such as Bluetooth®, BLE, Wi-Fi, 3GPP standards (e.g., 2G GSM / GPRS / EDGE, 3G UMTS / CDMA2000, 4G LTE / LTE-U, 5G). Upon reading this disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize other ways to implement communication medium 305 for communication purposes.

[0141] Server 334a can receive, collect, or monitor information including analyte data and related information from analyte sensor system 308 and / or display device 310, such as an input in response to the analyte data, or an input received in relation to an analyte monitoring application executed on the analyte sensor system or display device 310. In such a case, server 334a can be configured to receive such information via communication medium 305. This information may be stored in storage 334b or processed by processor 334c. For example, processor 334c may include an analysis engine capable of performing an analysis on the information collected, received, etc. by server 334a via communication medium 305. In an embodiment, server 334a, storage 334b, and / or processor 334c can be implemented as a distributed computing network such as a Hadoop (registered trademark) network, or as a relational database, etc.

[0142] Server 334a may include, for example, an Internet server, a router, a desktop or laptop computer, a smartphone, a tablet, a processor, a module, etc., and may be implemented in various forms, for example, including an integrated circuit or an assembly thereof, a printed circuit board or an assembly thereof, or in an individual housing / package / rack or a plurality of them. In an embodiment, server 334a at least partially directs communications that occur via communication medium 305. Such communications include delivery and / or messaging (e.g., advertisements, commands, or other messaging) as well as analyte data. For example, server 334a can process and exchange messages regarding frequency bands, transmission timing, security, alarms, etc. between analyte sensor system 308 and display device 310. Server 334a can update and / or provide information stored in analyte sensor system 308 and / or display device 310, for example, by delivering applications, security codes, transmitter IDs, pairing keys, etc. thereto. Server 334a can transmit / receive information to / from analyte sensor system 308 and / or display device 310 in real time or sporadically. Further, server 334a can implement cloud computing capabilities for analyte sensor system 308 and / or display device 310.

[0143] Figure 3B illustrates system 302, which includes an example of an additional aspect of the present disclosure that may be used in connection with implementing an analyte sensor system. As shown in Figure 3B, system 302 may include an analyte sensor system 308. As shown, analyte sensor system 308 may include an analyte sensor 375 (e.g., which may also be designated by the numeral 10 in Figure 1A) coupled to sensor measurement circuitry 370 for processing and managing sensor data. Sensor measurement circuitry 370 may be coupled to a processor / microprocessor 380 (e.g., which may be part of sensor electronics module 12 of Figure 1A). In some embodiments, processor 380 may perform some or all of the functions of sensor measurement circuitry 370 for obtaining and processing sensor measurements from sensor 375. Processor 380 may receive requests, commands, and / or temporary power from an external device, such as display device 310, that may be used to send sensor data and to display or otherwise provide sensor data (or analyte data) to a user, and may be further coupled to a wireless unit or transceiver 360 (e.g., which may be part of sensor electronics module 12 of Figure 1A). As used herein, the terms “wireless,” “wireless unit,” “transceiver,” “wireless transceiver,” and “transceiver wireless” are used interchangeably and generally refer to a device, circuit, or module capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. Additionally, according to some embodiments, transceiver 360 may further comprise an NFC antenna and associated circuitry configured to receive power from another device, such as display device 310, via near-field wireless communication, and analyte sensor system 308 may utilize this to temporarily power one or more of the components necessary to communicate with another device, e.g., when the power of the internal battery of analyte sensor system 308 (not shown) is insufficient, or when it is otherwise not possible to properly power such components.The analyte sensor system 308 may further include storage 365 (which may be part of the sensor electronics module 12 of FIG. 1A, for example) and a real-time clock (RTC) 350 (which may be part of the sensor electronics module 12 of FIG. 1A, for example) for storing and tracking sensor data.

[0144] As suggested above, a wireless communication protocol may be used to send and receive data between the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310 via the communication medium 305. Such wireless protocols may be designed for use in wireless networks (e.g., personal area networks (PANs)) that are optimized for periodic, low-volume data transmissions (which may be sent at a low rate if necessary) between multiple devices in close proximity. For example, one such protocol may be optimized for periodic data transmission, and the transceiver may be configured to send data at short intervals and then enter a low-power mode for long intervals. The protocol may have low overhead requirements for both normal data transmissions and for initially setting up the communication channel (e.g., by reducing overhead). In some embodiments, a burst broadcast scheme (e.g., one-way communication) may be used. This may eliminate the overhead required for an acknowledgement signal and enable periodic transmissions that consume little power. In other embodiments, passive or active proximity-based protocols may be utilized to reduce overhead (e.g., the overhead associated with typical pairing operations) and / or increase security, with NFC being one specific example.

[0145] The protocol can further be configured to establish communication channels with multiple devices while implementing an interference avoidance scheme. In some embodiments, the protocol can utilize an adaptive isochronous network topology that defines various time slots and frequency bands for communication with some devices. Thus, the protocol can modify the transmission window and frequency in response to interference and to support communication with multiple devices. Thus, the wireless protocol can use a time and frequency division multiplexing (TDMA)-based scheme. The wireless protocol can also utilize direct sequence spectrum spreading (DSSS) and frequency hopping spectrum spreading schemes. Various network topologies, such as peer-to-peer, star, tree, or mesh network topologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), can be used to support short-range and / or low-power wireless communication. The wireless protocol can operate in various frequency bands, such as the open ISM band at 2.4 GHz. Further, to reduce power usage, the wireless protocol can adaptively configure the data rate according to power consumption.

[0146] Referring further to FIG. 3B, the system 302 can include a display device 310 communicatively coupled to an analyte sensor system 308 via a communication medium 305. In the illustrated embodiment, the display device 310 includes a connection interface 315 (which includes a transceiver 320), a storage 325 (which stores an analyte sensor application 330 and / or additional applications), a processor / microprocessor 335, a graphical user interface (GUI) 340 that can be presented using a display 345 of the display device 310, and a real-time clock (RTC) 350. A bus (not shown here) can be used to interconnect the various elements of the display device 310 and transmit data between these elements.

[0147] The display device 310 may issue a warning and may be used to provide sensor information or analyte data, and may include a processor / microprocessor 335 for processing and managing sensor data. The display device 310 may include a display 345, a storage 325, an analyte sensor application 330, and a real-time clock 350 for displaying, storing, and tracking sensor data. The display device 310 may further include a wireless unit or transceiver 320 coupled to other elements of the display device 310 via a connection interface 315 and / or a bus. The transceiver 320 may be used to receive sensor data and to transmit requests, instructions, data, and / or power to the analyte sensor system 308. The transceiver 320 may further utilize a communication protocol. The storage 325 may also be used to store an operating system for the display device 310 and / or a custom (e.g., proprietary) application designed for wireless data communication between the transceiver and the display device 310. The storage 325 may be a single memory device or multiple memory devices, and may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory for storing data and / or instructions for software programs and applications. The instructions may be executed by the processor 335 to control and manage the transceiver 320.

[0148] In some embodiments, when a standardized communication protocol is used, a commercially available transceiver circuit incorporating a processing circuit for handling low-level data communication functions, such as management of data encoding, transmission frequency, handshake protocol, etc., may be utilized. In these embodiments, processors 335, 380 need not manage these activities; rather, they provide the desired data values for transmission, manage high-level functions such as power-up or power-down, and set the rate at which messages are transmitted, among other things. Instructions and data values for performing these high-level functions may be provided to the transceiver circuit via the data bus and via a transmission protocol established by the manufacturers of transceivers 320, 360.

[0149] The components of the analyte sensor system 308 may require periodic replacement. For example, the analyte sensor system 308 may include a sensor measurement circuit 370, a processor 380, a storage 365, and a transceiver 360, and a sensor electronic module including a battery (not shown), for example, an implantable sensor 375 that may be attached to the sensor electronic module 12. The sensor 375 may require periodic replacement (e.g., every 7 to 30 days). The sensor electronic module may be configured to be powered and operate for a much longer period (e.g., between 3 months and 6 months or more) than the sensor 375 until the battery requires replacement. Replacing these components is difficult and may require the assistance of trained personnel. Reducing the need to replace such components, especially the battery, greatly improves the convenience and cost of using the analyte sensor system 308 for people including users. In some embodiments, when the sensor electronic module is first used (or in some cases operates again when the battery is replaced), it can be connected to the sensor 375 and a sensor session can be established. As further described below, when the module is first used or operates again (e.g., when the battery is replaced), there may be a process for initially establishing communication between the display device 310 and the sensor electronic module, for example, the sensor electronic module 12. When the display device 310 and the sensor electronic module establish communication, the display device 310 and the sensor electronic module may communicate periodically and / or continuously over the life of some sensors 375, for example, until the battery needs to be replaced. Each time the sensor 375 is replaced, a new sensor session may be established. The new sensor session may be initiated through a process completed using the display device 310, which may be triggered by a notification of the new sensor via communication between the sensor electronic module and the display device 310 that may persist over the sensor session.

[0150] The analyte sensor system 308 typically collects analyte data from the sensor 375 and transmits it to the display device 310. Data points regarding analyte values can be collected and transmitted over the lifetime of the sensor 375 (e.g., within a range from 1 day to 30 days or more). New measurement results can be transmitted frequently enough to adequately monitor glucose levels. Instead of continuously communicating the transmission and receiving circuits of each of the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310, the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310 can establish a communication channel between them constantly and / or periodically. Thus, the analyte sensor system 308 can, in some cases, communicate via wireless transmission with the display device 310 (e.g., a handheld computing device, a medical device, or a proprietary device) at a predetermined time interval. The length of the predetermined time interval is long enough so that the analyte sensor system 308 does not consume too much power by transmitting data more frequently than necessary, and is frequent enough to provide substantially real-time sensor information (e.g., measured glucose values or analyte data) to the display device 310 for output to the user (e.g., via the display 345).

[0151] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3B, as shown, the connection interface 315 connects the display device 310 to the communication medium 305, so that the display device 310 can be communicatively coupled to the analyte sensor system 308 via the communication medium 305. The transceiver 320 of the connection interface 315 can include a plurality of transceiver modules and / or circuits operable on different wireless standards. The transceiver 320 can be used to receive analyte data as well as related commands and messages from the analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, as will be described in more detail in connection with one or more of the following embodiments, the transceiver 320 can comprise a near field communication (NFC) controller configured to transmit NFC signals to communicate with and / or to temporarily power another device, such as the analyte sensor system 308. Additionally, the connection interface 315 can optionally include additional components for controlling wireless and / or wired connections, such as a baseband and / or Ethernet modem, an audio / video codec, BLE, Bluetooth, and / or a cellular connection.

[0152] Storage 325 may include volatile memory (e.g., RAM) and / or non-volatile memory (e.g., flash storage), may include any of EPROM, EEPROM, cache, or any combination / variation thereof. In various embodiments, storage 325 can store user input data collected by display device 310 and / or other data (e.g., input from other users collected via analyte sensor application 330). Storage 325 can also be used to store large amounts of analyte data received from analyte sensor system 308 for later retrieval and use, e.g., to determine trends and trigger alerts. Additionally, as described in more detail herein, storage 325, when executed using processor 335, can store analyte sensor application 330, which, for example, receives inputs (e.g., via conventional hard / soft keys or touch screen, voice detection, or other input mechanisms) and enables the user to interact with analyte data and related content via GUI 340.

[0153] In various embodiments, the user can interact with analyte sensor application 330 via GUI 340 that may be provided by display 345 of display device 310. By way of example, display 345 can be a touch screen display that accepts various hand gestures as inputs. Application 330 can process and / or present analyte-related data received by display device 310 according to the various operations described herein and can present such data via display 345. Additionally, as described in more detail herein, application 330 can be used to obtain, access, display, control, and / or interface with analyte data, related messaging, and processes associated with analyte sensor system 308.

[0154] The application 330 can be downloaded, installed, and initially configured / set up on the display device 310. For example, the display device 310 can obtain the application 330 from the server system 334 or from another source accessed via a communication medium such as an application store (e.g., communication medium 305). Following installation and setup, the application 330 can be used to access and / or interface with analyte data (regardless of whether the analyte data is stored in the server system 334, is local from the storage 325, or is from the analyte sensor system 308). By way of example, the application 330 can present a menu including various controls or commands that can be executed in relation to the operation of the analyte sensor system 308 and one or more display devices 310. As described herein, the application 330 can also be used to interface with or control other display devices 310, for example, by performing operations including receiving / sending analyte data directly between other display devices 310 and / or sending commands for the analyte sensor system 308 and other display devices 310 to be connected, so as to, for example, distribute analyte data to them or make it available for their use. Additionally, in some implementations, the application 330 can interact with one or more additional applications supported by the display device 310, for example, to retrieve or supply relevant data. Such applications can include, by way of example, fitness / lifestyle monitoring applications, social media applications, and the like.

[0155] As will become apparent in light of the description of the various functions herein (e.g., in relation to the disclosed methods), the analyte sensor application 330 can include various code / function modules, such as, for example, a display module, a menu module, a list module, etc. These modules can be implemented separately or in combination. Each module can include a computer-readable medium in which computer-executable code may be stored, such that the code is operably coupled to a processor 335 (which may include, for example, circuitry for such execution) and / or executable thereby to perform certain functions related to interfacing with and performing tasks relating to analyte data (e.g., as described herein with respect to various operations and flowcharts). As further described below, the display module can present various screens to the user (e.g., via a display 345), where the screens include graphical representations of information provided by the application 330. In further embodiments, the application 330 can be used to present to the user an environment for viewing and interacting with various display devices that may be connectable to the analyte sensor system 308, as well as for interacting with the analyte sensor system 308 itself. The sensor application 330 can include a native application modified using a software design kit (e.g., operating system dependent) to perform the functions / features described herein.

[0156] Referring again to FIG. 3B, display device 310 also includes a processor / microprocessor 335. The processor 335 may include a processor sub-module, including, by way of example, an application processor that interfaces with and / or controls other elements of the display device 310 (such as connection interface 315, application 330, GUI 340, display 345, RTC 350, etc.). The processor 335 may provide various controls for device management (such as an interface with buttons and switches), for example, a list of available or previously paired devices, information regarding measurement values, information regarding network conditions (such as link quality, etc.), information regarding the timing, type, and / or structure of messaging exchanged between the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310. Additionally, the controller may include various controls for collecting user input, such as, for example, the user's fingerprint (which may be used, for example, to approve the user's access to data or for the approval / encryption of data including analyte data), as well as analyte data.

[0157] Processor 335 may include circuitry, such as logic circuitry, memory, a battery and power circuitry, and other circuit drivers for peripheral and audio components. Processor 335 and any of its sub-processors may include logic circuitry for receiving, processing, and / or storing received data and / or input to display device 310 and data to be transmitted or distributed by display device 310. Processor 335 may be coupled by a bus to display 345 and connection interface 315 and storage 325 (including application 330). Accordingly, processor 335 can receive and process electrical signals generated by each of these respective elements and thus perform various functions. By way of example, processor 335 can access stored content from storage 325 at the instruction of application 330 and process the stored content for display and / or output by display 345. Additionally, processor 335 can process stored content for transmission via connection interface 315 and communication medium 305 to other display device 310, analyte sensor system 308, or server system 334. Display device 310 may include other peripheral components not shown in detail in FIG. 3B.

[0158] In a further embodiment, the processor 335 can further acquire, detect, calculate, and / or store data input by a user via the display 345 or the GUI 340, or data received from the analyte sensor system 308 (e.g., analyte sensor data or related messaging) over a period of time. The processor 335 can use this input to evaluate the user's physical and / or mental responses to the data, and / or other factors (e.g., time, location, etc.). In various embodiments, as described in more detail herein, the user's response or other factors can indicate preferences regarding the use of a particular display device 310 under certain conditions, and / or the use of a particular connection / transmission method under various conditions.

[0159] Note that elements with similar names, such as those between the display device 310 and the analyte sensor system 308 at this time, may include similar features, structures, and / or capabilities. Thus, with respect to such elements, the above description of the display device 310 may apply to the analyte sensor system 308 in some cases.

[0160] Referring now to FIG. 3C, a system 304 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. As shown, system 304 includes an analyte sensor system 308 communicatively coupled to display devices 310a, 310b via a communication medium 305a. Display device 310a is also communicatively coupled to display device 310b via a communication medium 305b. By way of example, FIG. 3C shows that in an exemplary implementation of the present disclosure, display device 310a can be connected to analyte sensor system 308 using a first connection method and a first wireless protocol (e.g., BLE or any other preferred communication protocol and / or method). In an embodiment, display device 310b can also be connected to analyte sensor system 308 using a first connection method and a first wireless protocol (e.g., BLE), and / or using a second connection method and a second wireless protocol different from the first connection method and the first wireless protocol. And display device 310a can also be connected to display device 310b using any one of a first connection method and a first wireless protocol, a second connection method and a second wireless protocol, and / or a third connection method and a third wireless protocol (e.g., Wi-Fi, NFC, etc.). Further, for example, display devices 310a and 310b can exchange analyte data with each other via communication medium 305b, and each display device 310a, 310b has received analyte data via communication medium 305a, i.e., from analyte sensor system 308. Additional aspects and features represented by FIG. 3C will become apparent upon a study of the entire present disclosure.

[0161] Factory Calibration and Testing Before a user can use the analyte sensor system 308, the analyte sensor system 308 may first be programmed and / or factory-calibrated using sensor calibration data. So programming it may include at least loading sensor calibration data for the sensor 375 and / or the sensor measurement circuit 370 (FIG. 3B) into the storage 365 so that the sensor measurement circuit 370 can correctly measure, estimate, or otherwise determine the analyte concentration for the user based on the signal from the sensor 375. However, since such programming may have to be performed for thousands of analyte sensor systems in some cases, it is desirable to rationalize the programming and / or factory calibration process as much as possible. Accordingly, some embodiments described below minimize the amount of communication required to initiate and validate the connection between the factory calibration system and the analyte sensor system 308, and minimize the amount of communication utilized during performing the factory calibration, to provide a rationalized factory calibration of the sensor 375 and / or the sensor measurement circuit 370.

[0162] FIG. 3D shows aspects of an exemplary factory calibration system 399 that may be used in connection with implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The system 399 may comprise one or more of a factory calibration station 381, a sensor calibration database 392, a server 391, and an analyte sensor kit box 398. Some components of the factory calibration station 381, the sensor calibration database 392, the server 391, and the analyte sensor kit box 398 are described below. However, it should be understood that the factory calibration station 381, the sensor calibration database 392, the server 391, and the analyte sensor kit box 398 may comprise more, fewer, or different components than those discussed.

[0163] In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 can be packaged within the analyte sensor kit box 398, along with at least an applicator (not shown). An identification tag 397 (e.g., a barcode, a QR code (registered trademark), etc.) can be placed at any location where the identification tag 397 is readily accessible by the factory calibration station 381 without changing, opening, or unsealing, for example, the analyte sensor kit box 398, the analyte sensor system 308, the applicator, or the like. The identification tag 397 can be encoded to identify a particular sensor 375 disposed within the analyte sensor system 308. For example, in some embodiments, as described in more detail below, the identification tag 397 can be encoded using at least an applicator lot number corresponding to an applicator disposed within the analyte sensor kit box 398 and a sensor serial number corresponding to the sensor 375 disposed within the analyte sensor system 308.

[0164] The factory calibration station 381 can include a processor 386 and a memory 387 configured to communicate with one or more other components of the factory calibration station 381, the server 391, the sensor calibration database 392, and / or the analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, the memory 387 may have non-transitory computer-readable instructions loaded therein that, when executed by the processor 386, enable at least the functions described in this disclosure.

[0165] The factory calibration station 381 can include a load sensor 382 configured to sense when the analyte sensor kit box 398 is properly positioned in contact with or near the factory calibration station 381 for factory calibration of the analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, the load sensor 382 may include a scale, and the proper positioning of the analyte sensor kit box 398 may be sensed based on the load sensor 382 generating a signal indicative of the load on the load sensor 382 corresponding to the analyte sensor kit box 398.

[0166] The factory calibration station 381 may further include an identification tag scanner 383 configured to read an identification tag 397. The information encoded in the identification tag 397 can then be utilized by the factory calibration station 381 to retrieve unique sensor calibration data for the sensor 375 from the sensor calibration database 392. In some embodiments, sensor calibration data for a plurality of sensors including the sensor 375 can be stored in the sensor calibration database 392 in the form of a.CSV lookup table. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the sensor calibration data can be stored in any form.

[0167] The factory calibration station 381 may further include a short-range communication controller 384 that communicates with a transmitter 360 (which may include a short-range antenna and associated circuitry) and thereby wakes up one or more components of the analyte sensor system 308, for example transitions to an operating mode, when the analyte sensor system 308 comes sufficiently close to the controller 384. In some embodiments, the controller 384 may include a near-field communication (NFC) controller. The controller 384 can then transmit at least a portion of the sensor calibration data for the sensor 375 retrieved from the sensor calibration database 392 to the analyte sensor system 308 via the transmitter 360. The transmitted sensor calibration data can be written and / or stored at one or more locations within the storage 365 of the analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, since the NFC communication protocol is utilized, the sensor calibration data may be written to one or more locations within the storage 365 using NFC commands (e.g., 0x7A - Sensor Parameter Acquisition), thereby eliminating or at least significantly reducing the use of other time-consuming pairing and authentication protocols during at least this stage of factory calibration.

[0168] The factory calibration station 381 may further include one or more label printers 388 configured to print one or more labels indicating data associated with the factory calibration process for the analyte sensor system 308.

[0169] The factory calibration station 381 may further be configured to generate information regarding the factory calibration process for the analyte sensor system 308 and / or communicate with a server 391, which may be configured to generate and / or transmit one or more summary reports regarding the factory calibration process of one or more analyte sensor systems.

[0170] Some embodiments illustrate an example of encoding information provided by the following identification tag 397. The identification tag 397 may be a two-dimensional barcode that encodes the applicator lot number corresponding to the analyte sensor kit box 398 and the sensor serial number corresponding to the sensor 375 of the analyte sensor system 308 in a single string. Thus, when the identification tag 397 is scanned, the identification tag scanner 383 may be configured to extract the applicator lot number and the sensor serial number within the single string. For purposes of illustration only, an example is described below.

[0171] In some embodiments, the applicator lot number may comprise a string of numbers without letters and may be stored as an unsigned 32-bit number (U32). The use of U32 results in 2 32 (4,294,967,296) possible unique applicator lot numbers. An example of such an applicator lot number may be 151110428. In other embodiments, the applicator lot number may comprise another combination of numbers, letters, and / or other symbols.

[0172] In some embodiments, the sensor serial number may comprise an 8 - digit portion of the sensor's universal fixture serial number and a character (e.g., A - H) indicating the starting position within the full universal fixture serial number where the 8 - digit sensor serial number begins. The 8 - digit sensor universal fixture serial number and the character may be encoded together in an unsigned 32 - bit number (u32), with the least significant 24 bits (LSB) of the U32 specifying the 8 - digit sensor serial number and the most significant 8 bits (MSB) of the U32 specifying the character indicating the universal fixture position, for example, in ASCII format. An example of such a sensor serial number could be 700958B. In other embodiments, the sensor serial number may comprise another combination of numbers, characters, and / or other symbols.

[0173] Thus, using the exemplary applicator lot number and sensor serial number above, barcode 397 may be configured to encode a single string of 151110428 700958B and the bold and underline are used only for clarity. When scanned by identification tag scanner 383, identification tag 397 then provides three pieces of information, [applicator lot number][6 - digit serial number][character of universal fixture position] as [151110428][700958][B], where the applicator lot number 151110428 is directly encoded as a U32, and the sensor universal fixture serial number and position are encoded separately as the decimal 700958 = hexadecimal 0x0AB21E and ASCII "B" = decimal 86 = hexadecimal 0x42, and then recombined and / or concatenated (from MSB to LSB) to be represented as a U32 as [8]

[24] =[ASCII B = 86][700958]=1107997214(66 * 2 24 + 700958), and represented in hexadecimal as [8]

[24] =[0x42][0x0A][0xB2][0x1E]=0x420AB21E.

[0174] An exemplary use of a single 0x7A NFC command for transmitting sensor calibration data from a factory calibration station 381 to an analyte sensor system 308 using the NFC controller 384 and / or the NFC antenna and / or transmitter circuitry within the transmitter 360, respectively, is described herein.

[0175] In some embodiments, the factory calibration station 381 may utilize a single NFC command 0x7A to cause sensor calibration data to be written to the storage 365 of the analyte sensor system 308. The sensor calibration data comprises parameters such as the initial slope (m0) of the sensor 375, the final slope (mf) of the sensor 375, an applicator lot number associated with the analyte sensor kit box 398 as described above, for example, the sensor serial number of the sensor 375 as described above, and a sensor calibration confirmation date (cc). This sensor calibration data may be transmitted to the analyte sensor system 308 in 20 bytes as provided by the NFC command 0x7A according to the following table.

Table 1

[0176] The initial slope (m0) of the sensor is read from the sensor calibration database 392 and may be indexed, for example, by the applicator lot number and sensor serial number read from the identification tag 397. The initial slope (m0) of the sensor may have units of picoamperes per milligram per deciliter (pA / mg / dL) and in some embodiments may be programmed as a floating point number (float) in the transmitter database within the storage 365 via the command 0x7A using 4 bytes (bytes 0-3) without encoding. Once written, this value is non-volatile and may remain in the transmitter database of the storage 365 until rewritten or until the transmitter database is erased.

[0177] The last slope (mf) of the sensor is read from the sensor calibration database 392 and can be indexed, for example, by the applicator lot number and the sensor serial number read from the identification tag 397. The last slope (m0) of the sensor may have the unit of pA / mg / dL and, in some embodiments, may be programmed as a floating point number (float) via command 0x7A in the transmitter database within storage 365 using 4 bytes (bytes 4 - 7) without encoding. Once written, this value is non-volatile and remains in the transmitter database of storage 365 until rewritten or until the transmitter database is erased.

[0178] As previously explained, the applicator lot number may be encoded in the identification tag 397 and may be programmed via command 0x7A as an unsigned 32-bit number (u32) using 4 bytes (bytes 8 - 11) without encoding into the user information configuration register (UICR) memory within storage 365 as previously encoded. Once written, this value is non-volatile and may remain in the transmitter UICR memory of storage 365 until rewritten or until the transmitter UICR memory is erased or refreshed.

[0179] As previously explained, the sensor serial number may be encoded in the identification tag 397 and may be programmed via command 0x7A as an unsigned 32-bit number (u32) using 4 bytes (bytes 12 - 15) without encoding into the user information configuration register (UICR) memory within storage 365 as previously encoded. Once written, this value is non-volatile and may remain in the transmitter UICR memory of storage 365 until rewritten or until the transmitter UICR memory is erased or refreshed.

[0180] The sensor calibration confirmation date (cc) is read from the sensor calibration database 392 and can be indexed, for example, by the applicator lot number and the sensor serial number read from the identification tag 397. The sensor calibration confirmation date (cc) may be the UTC timestamp at which the sensor calibration confirmation was performed and may be programmed into the user information configuration register (UICR) memory within the storage 365 via command 0x7A as an unsigned 32-bit number (u32) using 4 bytes (bytes 16-19), as previously encoded. Once written, this value is non-volatile and may remain in the transmitter UICR memory of the storage 365 until rewritten or until the transmitter UICR memory is erased or refreshed.

[0181] A method 500 for calibrating an analyte sensor targeted for factory calibration (e.g., FIG. 3D) as described above is described herein with reference to FIG. 5 below.

[0182] In operation 502, method 500 includes the step of scanning the identification tag encoded information that identifies the analyte sensor. For example, the factory calibration station 381 can utilize the identification tag scanner 383 to scan the identification tag 397 of the analyte sensor kit box 398. As previously described, the identification tag 397 can be a two-dimensional (2D) barcode that encodes at least the applicator lot number and the sensor serial number corresponding to the analyte sensor system in a single string.

[0183] In operation 504, method 500 includes retrieving sensor calibration data based at least in part on information identifying the analyte sensor. For example, factory calibration station 381 can retrieve sensor calibration data specifically corresponding to sensor 375 from sensor calibration database 392. The sensor calibration data can include an initial slope (m0) determined for sensor 375, a final slope (mf) determined for sensor 375, and a date (cc) on which the test procedure for determining the initial and final slopes of sensor 375 was performed. As previously explained, in some embodiments, the initial slope (m0), final slope (mf), and date (cc) for sensor 375 can be indexed in sensor calibration database 392 based on the applicator lot number and sensor serial number corresponding to sensor 375.

[0184] In operation 506, method 500 includes positioning the analyte sensor system sufficiently close to the factory calibration station such that a short-range communication controller of the factory calibration station can cause a short-range antenna within the analyte sensor system to transition at least a portion of the analyte sensor system to an operating mode. For example, by moving analyte sensor kit box 398 within a predetermined distance (e.g., 10 cm) of factory calibration station 381, a near-field communication signal transmitted by NFC controller 384 can cause a signal to be generated that is configured to wake at least one of connection interface 355, storage 365, sensor measurement circuit 370, sensor 375, processor 380, and / or real-time clock 385 within transmitter 360 of analyte sensor system 308 in preparation for receiving the sensor calibration data.

[0185] In operation 508, method 500 includes transmitting at least sensor calibration data to the analyte sensor system via short-range communication in response to a command, thereby facilitating calibration of the continuous analyte sensor system. For example, using NFC, the factory calibration station 381 can transmit the initial slope (m0), the final slope (mf), the test procedure date (cc), the applicator lot number, and the sensor serial number to the analyte sensor system 308 using a single 0x7A NFC command. This sensor calibration data can be stored in one or more memory locations within the analyte sensor system 308, such as storage 365.

[0186] In some embodiments, in operation 510, method 500 may further include returning the analyte sensor system to sleep mode after the sensor calibration data is stored in the storage of the analyte sensor system. For example, in some embodiments, the factory calibration station 381 may be configured to further transmit a sleep command to the analyte sensor system 308 via, for example, the NFC controller 384 upon receiving confirmation from the analyte sensor system 308 that the 0x7A command was completed successfully. In some other embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 may be configured to automatically return to sleep mode after the sensor calibration data is stored in one or more locations within the storage 365. Returning to sleep mode after storage of the sensor calibration data minimizes or at least significantly reduces the power consumption of the analyte sensor system 308 during and after the factory calibration process, thereby extending the useful battery life for later use by the patient.

[0187] Referring to FIG. 3E, in addition to factory calibration, the analyte sensor system 308 can be tested to ensure its expected operation. Such testing can include communication between the factory test station 351 and the analyte sensor system 308. However, such communication can include an advertisement, connection, and authentication process that occurs before any meaningful test communication takes place, resulting in a time-efficient communication process. This problem becomes prominent when such test protocols include writing to the user information configuration register (UICR) within the storage 365 of the analyte sensor system 308, as such writing can cause the analyte sensor system 308 to reboot, thereby repeating the advertisement, connection, and authentication processes. In addition, some test protocols may require direct communication with the connection interface 355 and / or transmitter 360 of the analyte sensor system 308 to perform at least some type of field failure analysis. Since such testing can be performed for thousands or more analyte sensor systems in some cases, it is desirable to streamline the factory test process. Accordingly, some embodiments described below provide a streamlined factory test of the analyte sensor system 308 that avoids the advertisement, connection, and authentication processes during at least portions of such factory testing.

[0188] The system 359 shown in FIG. 3E may include a factory test station 351 and an analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 may be disposed in an analyte sensor kit box 398 as previously described in connection with FIG. 3D. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the analyte sensor system 308 may be tested while outside the analyte sensor kit box 398. In some embodiments, the system 359 may additionally include an analyte sensor system test database 362, which can store instructions and / or data that can be retrieved, stored, and / or used before, during, and / or after one or more factory test protocols for the analyte sensor system 308.

[0189] Some components of the factory test station 351, the analyte sensor system test database 362, and the analyte sensor system 308 are described below. However, it should be understood that the factory test station 351, the analyte sensor system test database 362, and the analyte sensor system 308 may comprise more, fewer, or different components than those discussed.

[0190] In the illustrated embodiment, the factory test station 351 includes a connection interface 352 (which includes a transceiver 353), a storage 354 (which stores one or more test programs 356 and / or additional applications), a processor / microprocessor 357, a real-time clock (RTC) 361, and optionally, a display 359 and a graphical user interface (GUI) 358 that may be presented thereon. A bus (not shown here) may be used to interconnect the various elements of the factory test station 351 and transmit data between these elements.

[0191] Storage 354 can also be used to store an operating system for the factory test station 351 and / or a custom (e.g., proprietary) application designed for wireless data communication between the transceiver 360 of the analyte sensor system 308 and the transceiver 353 of the factory test station 351. The storage 354 may be a single memory device or multiple memory devices, and may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory for storing data and / or instructions for software programs and applications. The instructions may be executed by the processor 357 to control and manage the test process.

[0192] To facilitate rapid wireless communication between the factory test station 351 and the analyte sensor system 308, each of the transceiver 353 (of the factory test station 351) and the transceiver 360 (of the analyte sensor system 308) may comprise a wireless chip (e.g., Nordic chip) that is designed and / or programmed identically or in a fairly similar manner. By utilizing wireless chips that are designed and / or programmed identically or in a fairly similar manner, point-to-point wireless communication between the factory test station 351 and the analyte sensor system 308 is facilitated without using a commercially standardized communication protocol stack such as BLE. For example, one or more of the transceiver 353, the connection interface 352, and the storage 354, and one or more of the transceiver 360, the connection interface 355, and the storage 365 may each comprise firmware configured to cause the transceivers 353, 360 to transmit and receive raw packets of data to and from each other during the factory test process, whereby such a test process may be completed an order of magnitude faster than when a standardized communication protocol such as BLE and its associated BLE stack are utilized. Such non-standardized communication may be facilitated, for example, by directly and appropriately configuring one or more registers on the transceivers 353, 360 without enabling a BLE stack.

[0193] In such embodiments, the transceivers 353, 360 can each be preconfigured and / or preprogrammed to communicate with each other (e.g., transmit and / or receive one or more signals) on the same programmed frequency (e.g., channel) during the test process. Such preconfiguration eliminates any requirement to negotiate channel selection between the transceivers 353, 360. For example, when waking from sleep mode, the transceiver 360 of the analyte sensor system 308 monitors a predetermined frequency channel for data packets of a predetermined size and format. In such an implementation, the factory test station 351 may be the “master” and the analyte sensor system 308 may be the “slave” during the test process. The transceiver 353 is configured to transmit a data packet comprising a request (e.g., an opcode) to the analyte sensor system 308 to perform one or more tasks or procedures designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system 308, and the transceiver 360 is configured to receive the same. Upon receiving the request packet, one or more of the transceiver 360, the connection interface 355, and the processor 380 can process the request. The transceiver 360 then transmits a response returning the result of the request, and the transceiver 353 receives the same. When the test procedure is complete, the transceiver 353 transmits a message instructing one or more components of the analyte sensor system 308 to return to sleep mode, and the transceiver 360 receives the same. In some embodiments, such a message may comprise an “all done” opcode.

[0194] In some embodiments, packet transmission failures and / or collisions can be mitigated by using conventional timeouts and retries. In some embodiments, multiple test stations can be provided to operate simultaneously through the use of RF shields that surround each test station equipped with a factory test station and an analyte sensor system under test as described above. In some other embodiments, multiple test stations can be provided to operate simultaneously by pre-configuring and / or pre-programming each analyte sensor system under test to utilize a unique one of a plurality of available frequencies (e.g., channels) for the test process. In such embodiments, each factory test station can be configured to synchronize with or track a particular analyte sensor system that is pre-configured and / or pre-programmed to utilize the same frequency (e.g., kHz, MHz, or GHz frequency, or any frequency suitable for wireless frequency communication) during the test process.

[0195] A flowchart 600 for testing an analyte sensor system targeted for the factory test described above (e.g., FIG. 3E) is described herein with reference to FIG. 6A below. Flowchart 600 can correspond to the operation of analyte sensor system 308.

[0196] In operation 602, flowchart 600 includes a step of awakening at least a portion of the analyte sensor system from a sleep mode. For example, analyte sensor system 308 can be configured to awaken from a power-saving shelf mode or sleep mode in response to the start of a test procedure.

[0197] In operation 604, flowchart 600 includes the step of receiving, using a first transceiver chip, a data packet transmitted from a second transceiver chip, the data packet comprising a request to an analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system. For example, a data packet comprising a request (e.g., an opcode) to an analyte sensor system 308 to perform one or more tasks or procedures designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system 308 is configured to be transmitted by transceiver 353 of the factory test station 351 and received by transceiver 360 of the analyte sensor system 308. Transceivers 353, 360 may comprise the same or substantially similar transceiver chips (e.g., Nordic chips).

[0198] In operation 606, flowchart 600 includes the step of processing the request. For example, upon receiving a request packet, one or more of transceiver 360, connection interface 355, and processor 380 of the analyte sensor system 308 can process the request.

[0199] In operation 608, flowchart 600 includes the step of transmitting, using the first transceiver chip, a response returning the result of the request to the second transceiver chip. For example, a response returning the result of the request can be transmitted by transceiver 360 of the analyte sensor system 308 and received by transceiver 353 of the factory test station 351.

[0200] In operation 610, flowchart 600 includes receiving, using a first transceiver chip, a message transmitted from a second transceiver chip, the message comprising instructions to cause one or more components of the analyte sensor system to return to a sleep mode. For example, a message comprising instructions to cause one or more components of analyte sensor system 308 to return to a sleep mode can be transmitted by transceiver 353 of factory test station 351 and received by transceiver 360 of analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, such a message can comprise an "all done" opcode.

[0201] A flowchart 650 for testing an analyte sensor system for the factory tests described above (e.g., FIG. 3E) is described herein below in connection with FIG. 6A. Flowchart 650 can correspond to the operation of factory test station 351.

[0202] In operation 652, flowchart 650 includes transmitting, using a second transceiver chip, a data packet to a first transceiver chip, the data packet comprising a request to the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system. For example, a data packet comprising a request (e.g., an opcode) to the analyte sensor system 308 to perform one or more tasks or procedures designed to verify the expected operation of the analyte sensor system 308 is configured to be transmitted by transceiver 353 of factory test station 351 and received by transceiver 360 of analyte sensor system 308. Transceivers 353, 360 can comprise the same or substantially similar transceiver chips.

[0203] In operation 654, flowchart 650 includes the step of receiving, using a second transceiver chip, a response from the first transceiver chip that returns the result of the request. For example, a response that returns the result of the request can be transmitted by transceiver 360 of the analyte sensor system 308 and received by transceiver 353 of the factory test station 351.

[0204] In operation 656, flowchart 650 includes the step of transmitting, using a second transceiver chip, a message to the first transceiver chip, the message comprising instructions to cause one or more components of the analyte sensor system to return to sleep mode. For example, a message comprising instructions to cause one or more components of the analyte sensor system 308 to return to sleep mode can be transmitted by transceiver 353 of the factory test station 351 and received by transceiver 360 of the analyte sensor system 308. In some embodiments, such a message may comprise an "all done" opcode.

[0205] Low Power Mode, Sleep Mode, and / or Shelf Mode of the Analyte Sensor System and Wake-up Circuit FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a possible aspect of an analyte sensor system 408 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 408 may correspond to the analyte sensor system 308 of FIG. 3B. The aspect of the analyte sensor system 408 shown in FIG. 4 may be implemented within a subsystem 400 of the analyte sensor system 408 and generally manages a wireless interface between the analyte sensor system 408 and any display device communicatively coupled thereto via one or more wireless protocols such as BLE, Wi-Fi, cellular, and / or NFC. For example, an application programming interface (API) 450 may be provided for the display device to communicate with a processor 420 (e.g., processor 380) via wireless 425, and wireless 425 may include BLE or another RF or microwave transceiver (e.g., transceiver 360). The processor 420 may be used to process the analysis data collected by the sensor 405 (e.g., sensor 375).

[0206] As shown, within the analyte sensor system 408, the subsystem 400 may include a sensor 405 (e.g., sensor 10), an analog front end (AFE) 410 (e.g., sensor electronics module 12), a battery 415, a processor 420, and wireless 425. The design of the analyte sensor system 408, including that related to the subsystem 400 and associated software, enables multi-chip operation and management, and in particular, such operation and / or management may be performed according to the power saving principles described herein and may involve implementing a system configuration that supports / maximizes power savings. For example, this design enables system startup, inter-chip communication, scheduling of application tasks, maximizing battery life in storage and active modes, and utilization of control points and instructions by the API 450 associated with wireless 425.

[0207] The analyte sensor system 408 can be in a storage mode before the analyte sensor system 408 is inserted into a host. In the storage mode, the wireless 425 can be at least partially disabled to conserve power. Similarly, the processor 420 can be at least partially disabled, for example, by disabling a clock (e.g., RTC 350) used by the processor 420. Further, in the storage mode, it is contemplated that the wireless 425 can be configured to be in a deep sleep mode. This can advantageously extend / maximize the battery life of the analyte sensor system 408. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 408 can exit the storage mode when interacting with the display device 310 via, for example, NFC or visible light modulation and emission protocols. In some embodiments, when detecting that the sensor 405 has been inserted into a host, the analyte sensor system 408 can automatically exit the storage mode and enter an active mode.

[0208] For example, in some embodiments, during such a storage mode (e.g., shelf mode), the AFE 410 wakes up periodically (e.g., every 64 seconds), captures the analyte current reading from the sensor 405, and if the reading is greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., configured during manufacturing), it is configured with an ASIC that sends a signal (e.g., wake source 435) to the processor 420 to wake up the processor 420, and the processor 420 can then perform a secondary sensor verification check. In some embodiments, such a predetermined threshold can be determined from a sudden change (e.g., 20 nA) in the average current of the sensor 405 during hydration and electrochemical normalization that occurs after insertion of the sensor 405 into the host. Upon passing the secondary sensor verification check, the analyte sensor system 408 can determine that it is deployed and can initiate the connection process with one or more display devices. However, if the analyte current reading from the sensor 405 is not greater than the predetermined threshold, the AFE 410 can return to sleep mode until the next wake period (e.g., 64 seconds after the previous wake period) when the procedure can be repeated.

[0209] However, the period between opening the box containing the analyte sensor system 408 and initiating such a connection process is not deterministic, as it can be affected by many factors including, but not limited to, the time it takes to insert the sensor 405 into the host and the time it takes for the sensor 405 to properly hydrate after being inserted into the host (which can vary from host to host). The variability of these and other related factors can degrade the user experience as a result of the uncertainty of the time series associated with the process. Additionally, since the trigger for the existing storage mode is that the measured analyte current reading from the sensor 405 exceeds a predetermined threshold, electrostatic discharge to the sensor 405 and / or the AFE 410 can undesirably cause a false positive for exiting the storage mode, increasing the risk that the battery 415 is partially or fully depleted when actually deployed by the host. Thus, it may be desirable to provide a more definitive procedure for initially exiting the storage mode or shelf mode in which the time series variations and false awakenings as described above are less likely to occur.

[0210] Thus, in some embodiments, a shorting element 455 that makes electrical contact with the respective terminals of the sensor 405 may be disposed such that each terminal of the sensor 405 is electrically shorted during manufacturing and / or packaging at the factory. In some embodiments, the shorting element 455 may comprise a conductive wire or a conductive sheet. In some embodiments, the shorting element 455 comprises a molded or die - formed low - resistance and / or conductive foam configured to electrically short both terminals of the sensor 405, while the sensor 405 is disposed within the packaging including the low - resistance and / or conductive foam. After disposing the shorting element 455 across the terminals of the sensor 405, the analyte sensor system 408 may be placed in a storage mode or shelf mode that is configured such that the AFE 410 wakes up periodically (e.g., every 64 seconds) therebetween to capture the analyte current reading from the sensor 405.

[0211] However, contrary to the embodiments described above where a read value of the analyte current from sensor 405 exceeding a predetermined threshold causes an exit from the storage mode, here, a read value of the measured analyte current from sensor 405 falling below a different predetermined threshold causes an exit from the storage mode. For example, while the shorting element 455 shorts the terminals of sensor 405, the read value of the measured analyte current from sensor 405 is maximum or nearly maximum. When the shorting element 455 is removed from the terminals of sensor 405, the read value of the measured analyte current from sensor 405 is 0 or nearly 0, signaling that sensor 405 has likely been removed from the packaging and is in use. Upon exiting the storage mode, the analyte sensor system 408 may be configured to immediately initiate a Bluetooth or BLE pairing operation, or another wireless communication protocol pairing operation, to establish a connection with at least one display device, as will be described in more detail in connection with one or more of the following embodiments. In such embodiments, a secondary sensor check may not be necessary. After successful pairing, the analyte sensor system 408 can monitor the read value of the analyte current from sensor 405 for signal characteristics indicating sensor conditioning and / or hydration to confirm that the analyte sensor system 408 is properly attached to a receptacle worn on the body.

[0212] Embodiments that utilize such a shorting element 455 provide at least some additional benefits. For example, the act of removing the shorting element 455 provides a deterministic time at which the process begins, reducing the time interval required for pairing since the analyte sensor system 408 does not need to wait for the sensor to hydrate or settle. Additionally, electrostatic discharge is no longer a risk of false awakening, as the trigger is a reading of the analyte current from sensor 405 that is below a predetermined value and not a reading of the analyte current from sensor 405 that is the same or above another predetermined value. In some embodiments, a light emitting diode (LED) (not shown) disposed within the analyte sensor system 408 may be configured to blink or illuminate continuously when the analyte sensor system 408 enters a Bluetooth pairing operation, providing the user with additional confirmation that the system is operating as expected. Alternatively, a notification may be displayed on a display device, such as display device 310, to indicate that the analyte sensor system 408 has entered a Bluetooth pairing operation.

[0213] In the active mode, the low power mode (LPM) can still be used (e.g., to extend / maximize battery life), but the RTC 350 may be activated / enabled. This may enable the processor 420 to accurately track time and execute other clock-based functions while still allowing power savings. For example, the RTC 350 can be used to perform error recovery using time-based counters and interrupts. The following error recovery scenarios are provided by way of example. In one example, if a response message is not received from the radio 425 for a given length of time, the processor 420 can reset the radio 425. In another example, periodic interrupts may be used, in which case, if the logic circuitry of the RTC 350 fails, the analyte sensor system 408 can be reset by the hardware logic circuitry. In additional implementations, an interrupt (e.g., an RTC interrupt) can be used to wake the processor 420 from the LPM to perform communication functions if a message or signal associated with the wake source 435 (or the AFE 410) is not received or fails.

[0214] The processor 420 can operate as a system controller for the subsystem 400 within the analyte sensor system 408. For example, after initialization, the radio 425 can enter a sleep state and wait for instructions from the processor 420. The AFE 410 can be initialized to a default state and similarly wait for configuration instructions / commands from the processor 420. The processor 420 can control the reset of the AFE 410 and / or the radio 425 if an error is detected. If an internal error condition is detected (e.g., using a hardware watchdog), the processor 420 can also reset itself.

[0215] The subsystem 400 of the analyte sensor system 8 can utilize a multi-chip (or multi-module) design, in which case a hardware communication bus can be used for the exchange of data between various chips (or modules). Examples of possible options for the hardware communication bus include Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C or I2C) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). SPI can be used to achieve power reduction and speed improvement compared to I2C.

[0216] The wake source 435 and the raw sensor data 430 can be used to maximize the battery life of the analyte sensor system 408. The AFE 410 can typically be used as a wake source for the components of the subsystem 400. Nevertheless, other wake sources can be utilized. During normal operation, the AFE 410 can enable the processor 420 to enter an energy-efficient low-power mode (LPM). The wake source 435 can be used to signal the processor 420 to exit the LPM, for example, so that the processor 420 can perform operations that are normally not possible while in the LPM. The wake source 435 can signal the processor 420 in this manner to periodically start a processing or execution operation. The analyte sensor system 408 may include multiple processors, and staged task processing may be implemented, in some cases, in relation to the wake source 435 so that not all processors operate simultaneously. This technique can reduce power consumption and thus extend battery life. As an example, the wake source 435 can cause the first signal processor 420 to exit the LPM and initiate the configuration of the associated hardware and software of the analyte sensor system 408 to start the transmission of raw sensor (analyte) data from the AFE 410.

[0217] Raw sensor data 430 may include hardware that transmits sensor data collected by sensor 405 from AFE 410 to processor 420. Such data may be referred to herein as raw sensor data or raw analyte data. Configuration 440 may be a bidirectional interface between processor 420 and AFE 410. In some cases, configuration 440 may be implemented using I2C, although SPI or another interface configuration may also be used. Processor 420 and wireless 425 may similarly use SPI and / or I2C for communication and data transmission. In some cases, additional hardware and software may be used to create an asynchronous interface between processor 420 and wireless 425 when using a synchronous protocol (e.g., SPI, etc.).

[0218] The AFE410 can sample raw analyte data from the sensor 405 for a period of time (e.g., 7 minutes). During sampling, the processors in the processor 420 and the radio 425 (e.g., the baseband processor) can be kept in a low power mode (LPM). When the AFE410 completes the sample, the AFE410 can send a signal to the processor 420 indicating that the processor 420 should exit the LPM (i.e., wake up). The AFE410 can then transmit the raw analysis data to the processor 420 via the configuration 440. The AFE410 can then re-enter the LPM. The processor 420 can then process the raw analyte data (e.g., to generate an estimated glucose value) and store the processed analyte data. The processor 420 can then signal the processor of the radio 425 via the communication interface 445 to communicate the processed analyte data to the radio 425. The processor 420 can subsequently enter the LPM while waiting for the radio 425 to connect to a display device (e.g., the display device 310). When such a connection is made, the processor 420 can exit the LPM and the display device and the processor 420 can exchange data, commands, and / or messaging via the radio 425.

[0219] The API 450 can be used to interface with devices remote from the analyte sensor system 408 via various wireless protocols. One example of such a protocol is BLE. In this regard, the API 450 can enable the analyte sensor system 408 to be configured by a user of a display device (e.g., display device 310) that executes an application such as, for example, the analyte sensor application 330. The analyte sensor application 330 may be developed by the manufacturer of the analyte sensor system 408 and / or the display device 310, or may be developed by any individual or entity. When the BLE standard is used to couple the display device to the analyte sensor system 408, the BLE characteristics may be configurable according to system design parameters.

[0220] Based on the above description of aspects of the system and method for wireless communication of analyte data, several specific further improvements are provided here. It will be understood by those skilled in the art studying this disclosure that these improvements can be implemented using the features and combinations of features of the exemplary configurations described above, whether explicitly recited or not.

[0221] Authentication and Pairing In scenarios involving the connection of two devices via a network (wireless or otherwise), authentication and pairing can be used to prevent unapproved devices from making a connection. For example, when handling confidential data (e.g., an individual's analyte concentration data), authentication can be used to prevent unapproved devices or entities from obtaining access rights to the data. In this regard, authentication and pairing protocols can be utilized to establish or validate the identification information of the devices to be connected. However, securely pairing a peripheral device such as a display device 310 with an analyte sensor system such as system 308 can be a challenge for the user. Accordingly, several embodiments for automatically pairing such an analyte sensor system with one or more display devices with minimal user input are described below in connection with FIGS. 7-8B and FIGS. 9-10B, respectively.

[0222] FIG. 7 shows a messaging diagram of a pairing operation between one or more analyte sensor systems 708 and one or more display devices 710 according to some exemplary embodiments. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 708 and the display device 710 can respectively correspond to either the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310, as previously described with respect to FIGS. 3A-3E. FIG. 8A is a flowchart 800 showing various operations that can be performed in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the flowchart 800 of FIG. 8A corresponds to the operations and / or actions performed by the analyte sensor system 708 of FIG. 7. FIG. 8B is a flowchart 850 showing various operations that can be performed in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the flowchart 850 of FIG. 8B corresponds to the operations and / or actions performed by the display device 710 of FIG. 7.

[0223] The various tasks executed in connection with the procedure shown in FIGS. 7-8B can be executed, for example, by respective processors that execute instructions embodied in respective non-transitory computer-readable media. The tasks or operations executed in connection with the procedure can be executed by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof, incorporated into one or more of the computing devices. It will be understood upon study of the present disclosure that such procedures can include any number of additional or alternative tasks or operations. The operations shown as examples in FIGS. 8A-8B need not be executed in the order shown, and the procedure can be incorporated into a broader procedure or process having additional functionality not specifically described herein with particular reference to FIGS. 8A-8B.

[0224] Here, an exemplary pairing operation is described in connection with FIG. 7. In some embodiments, prior to the operations described below, the user can download, for example, from an app store, an application for monitoring the user's analyte concentration to the display device 710 and / or otherwise initialize it. The user can complete the setup of the application, after which the application can instruct the user to deploy the analyte sensor system 708 in preparation for the pairing operation between the analyte sensor system 708 and the display device 710. The application executed on the display device 710 can then begin monitoring for advertisement messages, such as BLE advertisement messages. Once deployed, the analyte sensor system 708 can be configured to wake up from, for example, a low power mode or a sleep mode as previously described in connection with FIG. 4.

[0225] Upon awakening, the analyte sensor system 708 can be configured to generate a random pairing key. Two simultaneous advertisement messages (e.g., advertisement message A 712 and advertisement message B 714) can be generated, and the wireless of the analyte sensor system 708 can transmit the two simultaneous advertisement messages. In some embodiments, the first advertisement message 712 can include one or more of an indication of the manufacturer of the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., Dexcom), an address identifying the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., the BLE address stored inside the wireless chip of the analyte sensor system 708 that identifies the analyte sensor system 708 and / or the wireless chip), an indication that a device or peripheral instance associated with the advertisement message 712 is connectable, and an indication of out-of-band (OOB) authentication. In some embodiments, the peripheral instance can be considered a software-based object corresponding to a particular communication device, such as the display device 710. In some embodiments, the indication of OOB authentication can indicate that one or more additional messages are to be transmitted to authenticate the connection. In some embodiments, the second advertisement message 714 can include one or more of an indication of the manufacturer of the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., Dexcom), an address identifying the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., the BLE address stored inside the wireless chip of the analyte sensor system 708), an indication that a device or peripheral instance associated with the advertisement message 714 is not connectable, and a payload comprising a random pairing key. The addresses included in each of the first advertisement message 712 and the second advertisement message 714 can be the same as each other. In some embodiments, the random pairing key can be encrypted before being inserted into and transmitted in the advertisement message 714.In some embodiments, in addition to or instead of being encrypted, a random pairing key may be further obfuscated by placing nibbles and / or subsets of the random pairing key into proprietary patterns within the payload of the advertisement message 714. In such embodiments, the display device 710 may be configured to decrypt and / or reconstruct nibbles and / or subsets of the random pairing key, for example, based on the display device 710 having and / or obtaining empirical programming and / or instructions configured to perform such decryption and / or reconstruction. In one example, such empirical programming and / or instructions may be downloaded from a server (in addition, the display device 710 may use the transmitter id to determine, for example, what to retrieve from the server).

[0226] Based on monitoring, the display device 710 may be configured to detect each of the first advertisement message 712 and the second advertisement message 714. The display device 710 may be configured to determine that the first advertisement message 712 and the second advertisement message 714 are valid based at least in part on each message 712, 714 indicating the same manufacturer (e.g., Dexcom) and / or based at least in part on each message 712, 714 indicating the same address (e.g., identifying the analyte sensor system 708). In some embodiments, such as where the display device 710 detects a valid pair of more than one message that conforms to the descriptions of the first advertisement message 712 and the second advertisement message 714, the display device 710 may be configured to select the pair of valid messages having the highest received signal strength indicator (RSSI). For example, each of the advertisement messages 712, 714 is expected to have substantially similar RSSI values, because both messages are transmitted from the same device close enough in time to each other.

[0227] The display device 710 may further be configured to extract and decrypt a random pairing key from the second advertisement message 714. The display device 710 may further be configured to generate and transmit a pairing request 716 that includes a decrypted random pairing key addressed to the analyte sensor system 708 as indicated by the address in the first advertisement message 712.

[0228] The analyte sensor system 708 may receive the pairing request 716 and determine whether the decrypted random pairing key within the pairing request 716 is the same as the original random pairing key that the analyte sensor system 708 generated, encrypted, and transmitted within the second advertisement message 714. If the decrypted random pairing key is the same, the analyte sensor system 708 may generate and transmit a pairing request acceptance message 718 to the display device 710. The analyte sensor system 708 and the display device 710 may then enter a secure sensor communication session. In some embodiments, if the decrypted random pairing key is not the same as the original random pairing key that the analyte sensor system 708 generated, encrypted, and transmitted within the second advertisement message 714, the analyte sensor system 708 may ignore the pairing request 716.

[0229] The description now turns to flowchart 800 of FIG. 8A, which describes, for example, the operation of the analyte sensor system 708. Block 802 includes waking up the analyte sensor system 708. For example, the analyte sensor system 708 may wake up from a storage mode, a sleep mode, or a low power mode when deployed.

[0230] Block 804 includes steps of generating and encrypting a pairing key. For example, upon awakening, the analyte sensor system 708 may be configured to generate a random pairing key for pairing with another device, such as a display device 710. The analyte sensor system 708 may further be configured to encrypt the random pairing key according to any suitable encryption scheme.

[0231] Block 806 includes steps of initializing the transceiver radio using a first peripheral instance and a second peripheral instance. For example, the analyte sensor system 708 may be configured to advertise that pairing is possible using two advertisement messages that enable automatic authentication and pairing between the analyte sensor system 708 and the display device 710.

[0232] Block 808 includes steps of setting a timeout counter. For example, the pairing process may have a certain set time interval, after which, if the pairing has not yet been successful, the pairing process may be determined to have failed. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 708 may be configured to set a timeout counter of 80 minutes. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and any suitable time interval may be utilized.

[0233] Block 810 includes steps of generating and transmitting a first advertisement message associated with a first peripheral instance and a second advertisement message associated with a second peripheral instance. For example, the analyte sensor system 708 can be configured to generate a first advertisement message 712 that includes instructions from the manufacturer of the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., Dexcom), an address identifying the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., the BLE address stored inside the wireless chip of the analyte sensor system 708), an indication that the device or peripheral instance associated with the advertisement message 712 is connectable, and an indication of out-of-band (OOB) authentication. The analyte sensor system 708 can also be configured to generate a second advertisement message 714 (FIG. 7) that includes the same instructions from the manufacturer of the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., Dexcom), the same address identifying the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., the BLE address stored inside the wireless chip of the analyte sensor system 708), an indication that the device or peripheral instance associated with the advertisement message 714 is not connectable, and a payload comprising an encrypted random pairing key. The analyte sensor system 708 can transmit the first advertisement message 712 and the second advertisement message 714 simultaneously, e.g., at the same time, immediately afterwards, and / or in the same pairing session.

[0234] Block 812 includes a step of determining whether a pairing request corresponding to a first peripheral instance has been received. For example, in response to the transmission of the first advertisement message 712 and the second advertisement message 714, a pairing request 716 can be transmitted by a device that attempts to pair with the analyte sensor system 708, such as the display device 710, and can be received by the analyte sensor system 708. If the determination in block 812 is negative, block 814 includes a step of determining whether a timeout counter has expired. If not, the flowchart returns to block 810. If it has expired, the flowchart proceeds to block 820, where a manual pairing operation may occur between the analyte sensor system 708 and the display device 710, and then, the flowchart 800 can enter a secure communication session for securely communicating analyte data in block 822.

[0235] If the determination in block 812 is affirmative, the flowchart 800 proceeds to block 816, which includes a step of determining whether the pairing request includes a valid pairing key. For example, the analyte sensor system 708 can be configured to determine whether the decrypted pairing key embedded in the pairing request 716 is the same pairing key that the analyte sensor system 708 encrypted and transmitted in the second advertisement message 714. If the determination in block 816 is negative, the flowchart 800 returns to block 814. If the determination in block 816 is affirmative, the flowchart 800 proceeds to block 818, which includes a step of generating and transmitting a pairing request acceptance message. For example, the analyte sensor system 708 can be configured to return a pairing request acceptance message 718 to the display device. The flowchart 800 then proceeds to block 822 and enters a secure communication session for securely communicating analyte data.

[0236] The description now turns to flowchart 850 of FIG. 8B, which describes, for example, the operation of display device 710. At block 852, a display device, such as display device 710 (FIG. 7), is ready to enter a pairing operation. Block 854 includes the step of starting to monitor for pair-able devices. For example, display device 710 may be configured to monitor one or more communication channels for one or more messages indicating a device attempting to pair with display device 710.

[0237] Block 856 includes the step of continuing to monitor for pair-able devices. For example, display device 710 may be configured to continue to monitor one or more communication channels for one or more messages indicating a device attempting to pair with display device 710 during a predetermined time interval.

[0238] Block 858 includes the step of determining whether a first advertisement message associated with a first peripheral instance has been received. For example, in some embodiments, display device 710 is configured to detect and / or identify a first advertisement message 712 based at least in part on the first advertisement message 712, which may include any one or more of a particular instruction of the manufacturer of the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., Dexcom, Inc, San Diego, Calif.), an address identifying the analyte sensor system 708 (e.g., a BLE address stored inside the wireless chip of the analyte sensor system 708), an indication that a device or peripheral instance associated with the advertisement message 712 is connectable, and an indication of out-of-band (OOB) authentication.

[0239] If the determination at block 858 is negative, flowchart 850 can return to block 856 and display device 710 continues monitoring. If the determination at block 858 is positive, flowchart 850 proceeds to block 860, which includes determining whether a second advertisement message having the same address as the first advertisement is received. For example, display device 710 can be configured to detect and / or identify second advertisement message 714 based at least in part on second advertisement message 714 that includes an instruction from the same manufacturer (e.g., Dexcom) as shown in first advertisement message 712 and an instruction of the same address as shown in first advertisement message 712.

[0240] If the determination at block 860 is negative, flowchart 850 can return to block 856 and display device 710 continues monitoring. In some embodiments, more than one pair of first advertisement message 712 and second advertisement message 714 can be received from more than one analyte sensor system. In such embodiments, if the determination at block 860 is positive, flowchart 850 proceeds to block 862, where display device 710 can be configured to select the first and second advertisement messages having the highest received signal strength indication (RSSI). Selecting the pair of qualified advertisement messages with the highest RSSI can facilitate authentication and pairing with the correct analyte sensor system.

[0241] Block 864 includes extracting and decrypting a pairing key from the second advertisement message. For example, analyte sensor system 708 previously generated a random pairing key, encrypted it, and embedded it into the payload of second advertisement message 714. Display device 710 can be configured to extract and decrypt this embedded pairing key.

[0242] Block 866 includes the step of generating and transmitting a pairing request message with the decrypted pairing key. For example, the display device 710 may be configured to generate a pairing request message 716 having the decrypted pairing key received in the second advertisement message 714 and transmit it to the analyte sensor system 708.

[0243] Block 868 includes the step of determining whether the pairing request has been accepted. For example, the display device 710 can determine that a pairing request initiated by the transmission of the pairing request message 716 has been accepted based on receiving a pairing request acceptance message 718 from the analyte sensor system 708, or alternatively, based on not receiving a pairing request rejection or negative response message from the analyte sensor system 708 within a predetermined period from the transmission of the pairing request message 716.

[0244] If the determination at block 868 is negative, flowchart 850 proceeds to block 872, which includes the step of determining whether a timeout counter has expired. If it has expired, flowchart 850 proceeds to block 874, where a manual pairing of the analyte sensor system 708 and the display device 710, such as manually entering the transmitter ID into the display device 710, may be performed, and for example, a secure communication session for securely communicating encrypted analyte data may be entered at block 870. If it has not expired, flowchart 850 returns to block 856. If the determination at block 868 is positive, a secure communication session may be entered at block 870.

[0245] Figures 9-10B illustrate embodiments that utilize asymmetric cryptographic keys (e.g., a single public key and multiple corresponding private keys) to automatically establish a secure link between an analyte sensor system and one or more peripheral display devices.

[0246] FIG. 9 shows a messaging diagram of a pairing operation between an analyte sensor system 908 and one or more display devices 910, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 908 and the display device 910 may respectively correspond to either the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 3A-3E. FIG. 10A is a flowchart 1000 showing various operations that may be performed in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the flowchart 1000 of FIG. 10A corresponds to operations and / or actions performed by the analyte sensor system 908 of FIG. 9. FIG. 10B is a flowchart 1050 showing various operations that may be performed in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the flowchart 1050 of FIG. 10B corresponds to operations and / or actions performed by the display device 910 of FIG. 9.

[0247] The various tasks associated with the procedures shown in FIGS. 9-10B may be performed by respective processors executing instructions embodied in respective non-transitory computer-readable media. The tasks or operations executed in connection with the procedures may be performed by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof, incorporated in one or more of the computing devices. It will be appreciated from a study of the present disclosure that such procedures may include any number of additional or alternative tasks or operations. The operations shown as examples in FIGS. 10A-10B need not be performed in the order shown, and the procedures may be incorporated into a broader procedure or process having additional functionality not specifically described herein with particular reference to FIGS. 10A-10B.

[0248] An exemplary pairing operation is described here in connection with FIG. 9. In some embodiments, prior to the operations described below, the user may download an application for monitoring the user's analyte concentration to the display device 910 from, for example, an app store and / or otherwise initialize it. The application on the display device 910 may include a single public key 911 “Pub A” corresponding to a particular product platform (e.g., the analyte sensor system 908). For example, an application that runs on the display device 910 and is configured to receive, monitor, and / or display analyte concentration data from the same model or the same class of models as the analyte sensor 908 may be preloaded with, or have public access to, the public key 911 “Pub A” that can be used to encrypt data. The application on the display device 910 may also include a private key 913 “Priv B” that is configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using a different single public key 917 “Pub B” that is preloaded into, or publicly available to, a particular product platform (e.g., the analyte sensor system 908).

[0249] The analyte sensor system 908 may include a public key 917 “Pub B” that is configured to encrypt data and a unique private key 915 “Priv A” that is configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the public key 911 “Pub A” on the display device 910. The public key 917 “Pub B” may be preloaded into each analyte sensor system 908 of a given product platform at the factory. In some embodiments, the private keys 911, 913 may be obtained via a secure download or by any other suitable means.

[0250] The public key is called "public" because it is publicly available or generally known to the device, while the private key is called "private" because it is not publicly available or known to all devices and is kept secret except for authorized devices. As described herein, each public key can encrypt data using a common algorithm. Each of the plurality of unique private keys associated with the same single public key can be provided with a unique algorithm configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the common algorithm of the associated public key. Thus, in such embodiments, encryption-to-decryption is one-to-many, because a single common algorithm is used to encrypt the data, while any one of a plurality of unique corresponding algorithms can be used to decrypt the previously encrypted data.

[0251] The user of the display device 910 can complete the setup of the application, and then the user can deploy the analyte sensor system 908 in preparation for a pairing operation to be performed between the analyte sensor system 908 and the display device 910. The application running on the display device 910 can start monitoring advertisement messages, such as BLE advertisement messages. When activated, the analyte sensor system 908 can be configured to wake up from a low power mode or sleep mode, as previously described, for example, in connection with FIG. 4.

[0252] Upon awakening, the analyte sensor system 908 can utilize transceiver radio to transmit an advertisement message 912, thereby enabling the establishment of a communication channel 914 with the display device 910. One or more additional communications between the analyte sensor system 908 and the display device 910 (not shown) may occur during the establishment of the communication channel 914. Secret data, such as analyte values or indications thereof, are not yet transmitted, and the communication channel 914 can here be utilized to communicate encrypted data between the analyte sensor system 908 and the display device 910 to subsequently establish a secure communication channel.

[0253] Upon establishing the communication channel 914, the display device 910 can generate a random number and encrypt it using the public key 911 “Pub A”. The display device 910 can then transmit the encrypted random number 916 to the analyte sensor system 908 using the communication channel 914.

[0254] Upon receipt, the analyte sensor system 908 can decrypt the encrypted random number using the private key 915 “Priv A”. The analyte sensor system 908 can then re-encrypt the random number using the public key 917 “Pub B”. The analyte sensor system 908 can then transmit the re-encrypted random number to the display device 910 using the communication channel 914.

[0255] Upon receiving, display device 910 can decrypt the re-encrypted random number using private key 913 "Priv B". The display device 910 then compares the original generated random number with the decrypted random number. If they are the same, the communication between the analyte sensor system 908 and the display 910 is authenticated and data 920 can be securely transmitted here. For example, if data 920 is transmitted by the display device 910, it can be encrypted by the display device 910 using public key 911 "Pub A" and decrypted by the analyte sensor system 908 using private key 915 "Priv A". Similarly, if data 920 is transmitted by the analyte sensor system 908, it can be encrypted by the analyte sensor system 908 using public key 917 "Pub B" and decrypted by the display device 910 using private key 913 "Priv B". In some embodiments, data 920 may comprise session data including one or more analyte concentration values.

[0256] The description now proceeds to flowchart 1000 of FIG. 10A, which describes, for example, the operation of the analyte sensor system 908. Block 1002 includes the step of transmitting an advertisement message to establish a communication channel. For example, the analyte sensor system 908 can transmit an advertisement message 912 to establish communication channel 914.

[0257] Block 1004 includes the step of receiving a random number encrypted using a first public key via the communication channel. For example, the analyte sensor system 908 can be configured to receive a random number 916 encrypted using public key 911 "Pub A" from the display device 910 via communication channel 914.

[0258] Block 1006 includes the step of decrypting the encrypted random number using the first secret key associated with the first public key. For example, the analyte sensor system 908 may be configured to decrypt the encrypted random number 916 using the secret key 915 "Priv A".

[0259] Block 1008 includes the step of re-encrypting the random number using the second public key. For example, the analyte sensor system 908 may be configured to re-encrypt the now decrypted random number from block 1006 using the public key 917 "Pub B".

[0260] Block 1010 includes the step of transmitting the re-encrypted random number via a communication channel. For example, the analyte sensor system 908 may be configured to transmit the re-encrypted random number 918 to the display device 910 via the non-secure communication channel 914.

[0261] Block 1012 includes the step of transmitting the sensor data encrypted using the second public key via a communication channel. For example, when the communication between the analyte sensor system 908 and the display device 910 is authenticated, the sensor session data may be encrypted using the public key 917 "Pub B" and transmitted by the analyte sensor system 908 to the display device 910 via the communication channel 914. In some embodiments, the display device 910 may also be configured to securely transmit data via the communication channel 914 by encrypting the data using the public key 911 "Pub A". The analyte sensor system 908 can decrypt this encrypted data using the secret key 915 "Priv A". Thus, since all communications are encrypted, the communication via the communication channel 914 is now secure.

[0262] The description now proceeds to flowchart 1050 of FIG. 10B, which describes, for example, the operation of display device 910. Block 1052 includes the step of receiving an advertisement message to establish a communication channel. For example, display device 910 may be configured to receive an advertisement message 912 from analyte sensor system 908 to establish communication channel 914.

[0263] Block 1054 includes the step of generating a random number. For example, display device 910 may be configured to generate a random number using any suitable generation method.

[0264] Block 1056 includes the step of encrypting the random number using a first public key. For example, display device 910 may be configured to encrypt the random number using public key 911 “Pub A”.

[0265] Block 1058 includes the step of transmitting the encrypted random number using the communication channel. For example, display device 910 may be configured to transmit encrypted random number 916 using communication channel 914.

[0266] Block 1060 includes the step of receiving the re-encrypted random number using a second public key. For example, display device 910 may be configured to receive re-encrypted random number 918 (the encrypted random number 916 that was previously decrypted using private key 915 “Priv A” and then re-encrypted by analyte sensor system 908 using public key 917 “Pub B”).

[0267] Block 1062 includes the step of decrypting the re-encrypted random number using a second private key. For example, display device 910 may be configured to decrypt re-encrypted random number 918 using private key 913 “Priv B”.

[0268] Block 1064 includes a step of comparing the decrypted random number with the originally generated random number. For example, the display device 910 may be configured to compare the original random number generated by the display device 910 in block 1054 with the decrypted version of the re-encrypted random number 918.

[0269] Block 1066 includes a step of authenticating the communication session based on a determination that the decrypted random number and the originally generated random number are the same. For example, the display device 910 may be configured to validate and / or authenticate that a trusted device (i.e., the analyte sensor system 908) is communicating with the display device 910 based on the above comparison and a subsequent determination that the decrypted version of the re-encrypted random number 918 and the original random number generated by the display device 910 in block 1054 are the same.

[0270] Block 1068 includes a step of receiving sensor data encrypted using a second public key. For example, when the communication between the analyte sensor system 908 and the display device 910 is authenticated, the display device 910 may be configured to receive sensor session data transmitted by the analyte sensor system 908 and encrypted using the public key 917 "Pub B". In some embodiments, the display device 910 may also be configured to securely transmit data by encrypting the data using the public key 911 "Pub A". The analyte sensor system 908 can decrypt this encrypted data using the private key 915 "Priv A". Thus, since all communications are encrypted, the communication via the communication channel 914 is now secure.

[0271] Selection of a Low-Interference Channel for Communication In some embodiments, a first advertisement to establish a communication channel may occur during an interval in which one or more other devices are communicating simultaneously. Such interfering communications may negatively impact the efficiency and / or effectiveness of the desired communications on these channels. Thus, it may be desirable to select a channel among a plurality of predetermined channels such that the amount of interference to such advertisements and subsequent communications is minimized. Here, in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12, a discussion of implementations that can enable such channel selection follows.

[0272] FIG. 11 shows a portion of an analyte sensor system 1108 according to some exemplary embodiments. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 1108 may correspond to the analyte sensor system 308 as previously described in connection with any of FIGS. 3A - 3E. The analyte sensor system 1108 includes an antenna 1102 coupled to or included in a transceiver 1160. The transceiver 1160 may include a frequency selection circuit 1162 configured to select a channel (e.g., a frequency band) through which the antenna 1102 can transmit and / or receive one or more signals. The antenna 1102 is further coupled to each of a plurality of filters F1, F2, F3 via respective switches S1, S2, S3. In some embodiments, the filters F1, F2, F3 can pass signals on BLE channels 37, 38, and 39 corresponding to 2402 MHz, 2426 MHz, and 2480 MHz, respectively. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the filters F1, F2, F3 may be configured to pass signals on any other frequencies and / or channels of any suitable wireless communication protocol. Additionally, although three filters are shown, the present disclosure is not so limited, and any number of filters may be utilized.

[0273] In some embodiments, each filter F1, F2, F3 includes respective inductors L1, L2, L3 connected in series, respective capacitors C1, C2, C3, and respective diodes D1, D2, D3. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and any filter, analog circuit, or digital circuit may be utilized. Each filter F1, F2, F3 may include a band-pass filter configured to pass signals within respective frequency bands (e.g., adapted to respective channels for BLE advertisements) to a power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 coupled to each filter F1, F2, F3. The channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 may also be coupled to a switch controller 1106 to cause the switch controller 1106 to select one of the filters F1, F2, F3 by closing respective switches S1, S2, S3, and / or to cause the switch controller 1106 to select a channel (e.g., a frequency band) through which the antenna 1102 can transmit and / or receive one or more signals to the frequency selection circuit 1162, and may be configured to transmit one or more signals to the switch controller 1106.

[0274] In some embodiments, while the analyte sensor system 1108 and / or a corresponding display device (not shown in FIG. 11) are not expected to transmit any signals, the switch controller 1106 may be configured to couple each of the filters F1, F2, F3 to the antenna 1102 either simultaneously or in any order. Meanwhile, the channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 is configured to measure the amount of power received (e.g., noise in this case) on each channel corresponding to each filter F1, F2, F3. The channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 may be configured to compare the measured power on each corresponding channel and select the channel with the lowest measured power. The channel with the lowest measured power may be assumed to have the lowest level of interference with the signals transmitted and / or received by the transceiver 1160, as all the power measured on the channel is essentially noise during intervals when the analyte sensor system 1108 and / or a corresponding display device (not shown in FIG. 11) are not expected to transmit any signals. The channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 may be configured to select the channel corresponding to the lowest measured power and transmit at least one signal to the switch controller 1106 to cause the switch controller 1106 to select the corresponding channel for the antenna 1102 to transmit and / or receive one or more signals through the frequency selection circuit 1162. In different embodiments, the interference determination and channel selection described above may be performed periodically during each transmission interval, once, multiple times, or to enable handling of dynamic and / or periodic interference factors. In some embodiments, another processor (e.g., a CPU) may override the channel selection provided by the channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 for any number of reasons.

[0275] The description now turns to flowchart 1200 of FIG. 12, which describes, for example, the operation of the portion of the analyte sensor system 1108 of FIG. 11. Block 1202 includes the step of successively coupling each of a plurality of filtering circuits to the antenna, each filtering circuit being configured to pass the respective signal received by the antenna in its respective frequency channel. For example, the switch controller 1106 can be configured to successively couple each of the filters F1, F2, F3 to the antenna 1102 by closing the respective switches S1, S2, S3.

[0276] Block 1204 includes the step of measuring the respective amount of power received on each respective frequency channel while the analyte sensor system is not communicating wirelessly. For example, the channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 can be configured to measure the respective amount of power received on each respective frequency channel passed by the filters F1, F2, F3 while the analyte sensor system 308 is not communicating wirelessly.

[0277] Block 1206 includes the step of comparing the respective measured amounts of power received on each respective frequency channel. For example, the channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 can be configured to compare the respective measured amounts of power received on each respective frequency channel.

[0278] Block 1208 includes the step of selecting the respective frequency channel for which the measured amount of power for the antenna to transmit one or more signals is lowest. For example, the channel power detection and channel selection circuit 1104 can be configured to select the channel corresponding to the lowest measured power and transmit at least one signal to the switch controller 1106 such that the switch controller 1106 causes the frequency selection circuit 1162 to select the corresponding channel for the antenna 1102 to transmit and / or receive one or more signals.

[0279] Reversing the slave-master roles of the analyte sensor system and the display device when establishing a communication session In some of the above descriptions (e.g., FIGS. 7-10B), at least the transmitter of the analyte sensor system (operating as a BLE peripheral device) wakes up periodically (e.g., every 5 minutes) and is configured to advertise during a period in anticipation of being monitored by the display device (operating as a BLE master, a central device). In this regard, the analyte sensor system operates as a slave device and the display device operates as a master device. When the display device discovers the analyte sensor system, a wireless connection is established and authenticated, and commands and controls are achieved through the exchange of control endpoints and attributes. However, such intermittent advertising by the transmitter of the analyte sensor system may require more power than passively monitoring one or more communication channels for the advertisement.

[0280] Accordingly, the present disclosure also contemplates reversing the roles of the analyte sensor system and the display device, at least with respect to establishing communication sessions with each other. At least one embodiment is described below in connection with FIG. 13. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and this concept of reversing can be applied to any description herein regarding establishing a communication session between the analyte sensor system (or any of its components) and the display device (or any of its components) such that actions, steps, or procedures described as being performed by one can alternatively be performed by the other, and vice versa.

[0281] FIG. 13 shows a messaging diagram of a pairing operation between an analyte sensor system 1308 and one or more display devices 1310, according to some exemplary embodiments. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 1308 and the display device 1310 may each correspond to either the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310, respectively, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 3A through 3E.

[0282] The analyte sensor system 1308 may be configured to passively monitor for advertisements from a peripheral device of a predicted type (e.g., the display device 1310). Such monitoring may, for example, as previously described in connection with FIG. 4, be less power consuming than an advertisement and may advantageously be continuously performed while one or more processors within the analyte sensor system 1308 are in a sleep state. When the display device 1310 wakes up, the display device 1310 may be configured to turn on its BLE radio and generate and transmit an advertisement message 1312.

[0283] Based on this monitoring, the analyte sensor system 1308 may be configured to detect an advertisement message 1312. In response to the detection of the advertisement message 1312 and optionally validation (e.g., as described elsewhere herein or according to any other known validation and / or authentication procedures), the analyte sensor system 1308 may be configured to generate and transmit a pairing request 1316. The display device 1310 may receive the pairing request 1316 and, in response, generate a pairing request acceptance message 1318 and transmit it to the analyte sensor system 1308. The analyte sensor system 1308 and the display device 1310 may then enter a secure sensor communication session. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 1308, as described above, may be configured to initiate a switch from functioning as a slave device to operating as a master device based on meeting one or more criteria, for example, based on the determination that the battery level within the analyte sensor system 1308 has dropped below a predetermined level.

[0284] Transmission of session data from an analyte sensor system initiated by a display device To conserve power in the analyte sensor system, some embodiments contemplate an intermittent connection between the analyte sensor system and one or more display devices, where the analyte sensor system wakes up periodically (e.g., every 5 minutes) from a low power mode or sleep mode to perform a measurement of the analyte concentration and transmit an indication of the measurement result to the display device. However, in such embodiments, data (e.g., measurement data and / or analyte values) can only be transmitted from the analyte sensor system to the display device during the periodic wake-up intervals, and some users may not desire to wait for another interval until the data is transmitted to the display device, especially when the user has not received data for a long period (e.g., when the display device has been out of range for a long period).

[0285] Accordingly, some embodiments contemplate a protocol such that the analyte sensor system monitors for a signal configured to wake the analyte sensor system, initiate a pairing operation with the analyte sensor system, and communicate session data without waiting for the next periodic or otherwise scheduled wake interval from a low power state.

[0286] FIG. 14 shows a messaging diagram of a pairing operation between an analyte sensor system 1408 and one or more display devices 1410, according to some exemplary embodiments. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 1408 and the display device 1410 may each correspond to either the analyte sensor system 308 and the display device 310, respectively, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 3A-3E.

[0287] FIG. 14 shows an analyte sensor system 1408 and one or more display devices 1410. The analyte sensor system 1408 may be in a low power mode or sleep mode that passively monitors for a signal configured to wake the analyte sensor system before a predetermined interval for waking expires.

[0288] The display device 1410 can be configured to transmit an awakening signal 1412 (e.g., an RF signal, an IR signal, an optical signal, an audio signal, or any other suitable signal) having a predetermined pattern, size, or modulation to the analyte sensor system 1408. Upon detecting the awakening signal 1412, the analyte sensor system 1408 can be configured to wake up from a low-power mode or a sleep mode (e.g., as previously described in connection with FIG. 4) and transmit an advertisement message 1414 to initiate a pairing operation. In response to the detection and optionally validation of the advertisement message 1412, the display device 1410 can be configured to generate and transmit a pairing request 1416. The analyte sensor system 1408 can receive the pairing request 1416 and, in response, generate and transmit a pairing request acceptance message 1418 to the display device 1410. The analyte sensor system 1408 and the display device 1410 can then enter a secure sensor communication session in which the analyte sensor system 1408 can transmit data, such as sensor data, to the display device 1410. In some embodiments, such transmission of sensor data can include fulfilling a fill-back request for specific data from the display device 1410 and / or any other data at a time prior to the expiration of a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system 1408.

[0289] The description now turns to flowchart 1500 of FIG. 15A, which describes, for example, some operations of the analyte sensor system 1408 of FIG. 14. Block 1502 includes the step of pre-configuring the analyte sensor system to periodically wake up from a low-power passive monitoring mode according to a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system. For example, the analyte sensor system 1408 can be pre-configured to periodically wake up from a low-power passive monitoring mode according to a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system 308.

[0290] Block 1504 includes the step of receiving an awakening signal from a display device before the expiration of a predetermined interval while in the low-power passive monitoring mode, thereby awakening the analyte sensor system before the expiration of the predetermined interval. For example, analyte sensor system 1408 can receive awakening signal 1412 from display device 1410 before the expiration of a predetermined interval while in the low-power passive monitoring mode, thereby awakening analyte sensor system 1408 before the expiration of the predetermined interval.

[0291] Block 1506 includes the step of transmitting an advertisement message in response to the awakening signal. For example, analyte sensor system 1408 can be configured to exit the low-power passive monitoring mode and transmit advertisement message 1414 in response to receiving awakening signal 1412.

[0292] Block 1508 includes the step of receiving a pairing request from the display device. For example, analyte sensor system 1408 can be configured to receive pairing request 1416 from display device 1410.

[0293] Block 1510 includes the step of transmitting an acceptance message for the pairing request to the display device. For example, analyte sensor system 1408 can be configured to transmit pairing request acceptance message 1418 to display device 1410.

[0294] Block 1512 includes the step of transmitting sensor data to the display device. For example, analyte sensor system 1408 can be configured to enter a secure sensor communication session based on the above communication in which analyte sensor system 1408 can transmit data, such as sensor data, to display device 1410. In some embodiments, such transmission of sensor data can include fulfilling a fill request for specific data and / or any other data from display device 1410 at a time prior to the expiration of a predetermined interval for awakening analyte sensor system 1408.

[0295] The description now proceeds to flowchart 1550 of FIG. 15B, which describes, for example, some operations of display device 1410 of FIG. 14. Block 1552 includes the step of transmitting a wake-up signal to an analyte sensor system in a low-power passive monitoring mode. For example, display device 1410 may be configured to transmit wake-up signal 1412 to analyte sensor system 1408 while in the low-power passive monitoring mode.

[0296] Block 1554 includes the step of receiving an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal. For example, display device 1410 may be configured to receive advertisement message 1414 from analyte sensor system 1408 in response to wake-up signal 1412.

[0297] Block 1556 includes the step of transmitting a pairing request to the analyte sensor system. For example, display device 1410 may be configured to transmit pairing request 1416 to analyte sensor system 1408.

[0298] Block 1558 includes the step of receiving a pairing request acceptance message in response to the pairing request. For example, display device 1410 may be configured to receive pairing request acceptance message 1418 from analyte sensor system 1408 in response to pairing request 1416.

[0299] Block 1560 includes the step of receiving sensor data from an analyte sensor system. For example, display device 1410 may be configured to enter a secure sensor communication session based on the above communication in which display device 1410 receives data, such as sensor data, from analyte sensor system 1408. In some embodiments, such transmission and reception of sensor data may comprise fulfilling a fill-back request for specific data and / or any other data from display device 1410 at a time prior to the expiration of a predetermined interval for waking up analyte sensor system 1408.

[0300] Use of a sticker with an NFC tag for pairing an analyte sensor system and a display device In some embodiments, the first pairing between an analyte sensor system and a display device requires verifying and validating that the analyte sensor system and the display device are approved to connect and communicate with each other. Some embodiments require a user to manually enter, into an application executed on the display device, a serial number or the like from the analyte sensor system and / or its packaging as steps in performing such first verification and validation. However, such procedures can be cumbersome for the user. Accordingly, the present disclosure contemplates initially pairing an analyte sensor system with one or more display devices without requiring such manual entry by the user of a serial number or the like, thereby providing an easier and more reasonable setup experience for the user.

[0301] FIG. 16 shows an NFC tag 1602 embedded in a sticker 1604 that can be used to initially transmit identification information of the analyte sensor system 308, such as that previously described in relation to at least FIGS. 3A - 3E, to the display device 310. During manufacture, the NFC tag 1602 can be embedded in the sticker 1604 and pre - programmed using a pairing key (e.g., a BLE encryption key). During the kitting of the analyte sensor system 308, the sticker 1604 can be attached to the analyte sensor kit box 398 (see FIG. 3D). When the user is ready to pair the analyte sensor system 308 with a particular NFC - enabled display device 310, the user can physically move the display device 310 close enough (e.g., within a few centimeters) to the sticker 1604 (and the NFC tag 1602 therein) such that the display device 310 can retrieve the pairing key from the NFC tag 1602 within the sticker 1604 via NFC. In some embodiments, physically moving the display device 310 close enough to the sticker 1604 can include tapping the display device 310 on the sticker. The display device 310 can then further initiate a pairing protocol with the analyte sensor system 308 according to any of the embodiments described in this disclosure or according to any other pairing protocol, or alternatively, be configured to participate in the completion of a pairing protocol initiated by the analyte sensor system 308 using the pairing key. For example, in some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 can be configured to pair with or initiate pairing with the display device 310 using the pairing key. That is, the display 310 does not need to initiate the pairing process. For example, the analyte sensor system 308 can be configured to advertise, but the display 310 uses the pairing key in subsequent communications with the analyte sensor system 308 to complete the pairing process.

[0302] The description now turns to flowchart 1700 of FIG. 17, which describes, for example, the operation of any display device described herein. Block 1702 includes physically moving a display device compliant with a short-range wireless communication protocol so that the display device can retrieve a pairing key from a tag via the short-range wireless communication protocol, such that the display device is in close proximity to a sticker physically disposed in contact with one of an analyte sensor system or the packaging of an analyte sensor system, the sticker comprising a short-range wireless communication tag pre-programmed with the pairing key. In some embodiments, the tag may further include one or more of sensor-related information, sensor expiration, license information, calibration information, or any other information. In some embodiments, the short-range wireless communication protocol may be the NFC protocol and the tag may be an NFC tag. For example, upon first pairing the analyte sensor system 308 and the NFC-compliant display device 310, the user can physically move the display device 310 in close proximity to a sticker 1604 comprising an NFC tag 1602 pre-programmed with the pairing key so that the display device 310 can retrieve the pairing key from the NFC tag 1602 via NFC.

[0303] Block 1704 includes pairing the display device with the analyte sensor system for a wireless protocol different from the short-range wireless communication protocol using the retrieved pairing key. For example, the display device 310 can pair with the analyte sensor system 308 for a wireless protocol different from the short-range wireless communication protocol (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, BLE, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol) using the pairing key retrieved from the NFC tag 1602, according to any of the embodiments described in this disclosure or according to any other pairing protocol.

[0304] Utilization of optical means to initiate establishment of a secure connection with an analyte sensor system In some embodiments, where secure communication is established between an analyte sensor system and one or more display devices, the user is required to read a transmitter ID attached to the analyte sensor system and manually enter the transmitter ID into one or more display devices to establish a secure connection. Such embodiments may further require the user to remember this transmitter ID in order to establish a secure connection with one or more other display devices in the future. Establishing secure communication in this way can be time-consuming (e.g., taking 5 to 30 minutes to establish) and can result in a suboptimal user experience.

[0305] Accordingly, some embodiments are disclosed herein in which the display device is configured to utilize a light emitting source to transmit a transmitter ID, or another secret key associated with the analyte sensor system, and initiate a secure pairing process between the display device and the analyte sensor system. As will become apparent from the following description, such embodiments provide a solution that does not require the user to read the transmitter ID and manually enter it into the display device, enabling secure communication to be established more quickly and with less user intervention, thereby resulting in a more reasonable user experience.

[0306] Figure 18 shows a block diagram of some features of a system for wirelessly communicating analyte sensor data, according to some exemplary embodiments. Figure 18 includes a display device 1810 and an analyte sensor system 1808. The display device 1810 may correspond to any display device described herein, such as the display device 310 of Figure 3B. Accordingly, the display device 1810 may include any or all of the elements previously described in connection with any such corresponding display device. The analyte sensor system 1808 may correspond to any analyte sensor system described herein, such as the analyte sensor system 308 of Figure 3B. Accordingly, the analyte sensor system 1808 may include any or all of the elements previously described in connection with any such corresponding analyte sensor system.

[0307] The display device 1810 is further shown as including pairing software 1830 configured to perform at least a communication protocol as described herein to establish secure communication with at least the analyte sensor system 1808. The pairing software 1830 may correspond to a portion of the analyte sensor app 330 of Figure 3B or may be software configured separately therefrom.

[0308] The display device 1810 further includes a display and / or light source 1845 (e.g., a light emitting diode, a flash, an infrared blaster, or any other suitable light source) configured to display a modulated light pattern configured to transmit to the analyte sensor system 1808 at least information regarding a process for establishing secure communication with the display device 1810, as described below. In some cases, the modulated light is light in the spectrum visible to the human eye. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the modulated light may be light in any portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as infrared light.

[0309] The display device 1810 can further be configured to communicate with at least the analyte sensor system 1808 over a communication channel separate from the modulated optical communication, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol, as described in more detail below. Such a separate communication channel, once established, can provide secure communication between the display device 1810 and the analyte sensor system 1808.

[0310] The analyte sensor system 1808 is further shown as including an optical sensor 1805 configured to sense and / or receive modulated light encoding at least one of an awakening signal and a first security code associated with the display device 1810 from the display / light source 1845 of the display device 1810.

[0311] The analyte sensor system 1808 further includes a processor / ASIC 1890 configured to receive instructions for the awakening signal and the first security code from the optical sensor 1895. The processor / ASIC 1890 can be configured to detect and / or otherwise recognize the awakening signal and transmit an interrupt or the awakening signal to a second processor 1880 in response to the detection and / or recognition. The interrupt and / or the awakening signal can be configured to awaken at least a portion of the second processor 1880. The processor / ASIC 1890 can further be configured to pass the received first security code to the second processor 1880 for verification of other data, further processing, or use in further processing. In some embodiments, the processor / ASIC 1890 can correspond to at least a portion of one or more processors and / or awakening detection circuits, such as the AFE 410, the processor 420, or the radio 425, as previously described in connection with FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the second processor 1880 can correspond to the processor 380 as previously described in connection with FIG. 3B.

[0312] In response to receiving the first security code, the second processor 1880 may be configured to encrypt the second security code using the first security code and broadcast the encrypted second security code to the display device 1810 via a method or communication protocol other than modulated optical communication, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol. The second security code may be a unique security code corresponding to and / or associated with the analyte sensor system 1808.

[0313] In response to receiving the encrypted second security code, the display device 1810 may be configured to validate the encrypted second security code using any suitable validation method or protocol. Based on the validation, the display device 1810 may be configured to initiate secure communication with the analyte sensor system 1808 via a communication protocol other than modulated optical communication, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol. Once secure communication with the analyte sensor system 1808 is established, the analyte sensor system 1808 may be configured to transmit at least the encrypted analyte concentration data using the second security code or another security code configured to be decrypted by the display device 1810. Thus, the embodiment according to FIG. 18 may advantageously enable secure pairing and subsequent communication between the display device 1810 and the analyte sensor system without the user having to manually read the transmitter ID and / or manually enter the transmitter ID into either the display device 1810 or the analyte sensor system 1808.

[0314] The description now turns to flowchart 1900 of FIG. 19A, which describes the operation of any display device described herein with respect to the embodiments previously described in connection with, for example, FIG. 18. Block 1902 includes the step of transmitting at least one of an awakening signal and a first security code as modulated visible light to an analyte sensor system. For example, display device 1810 may be configured to transmit an awakening signal and a first security code corresponding to and / or associated with display device 1810 to analyte sensor system 1808 via display / source 1845.

[0315] Block 1904 includes the step of receiving, from the analyte sensor system, a second security code encrypted using the first security code. For example, display device 1810 may be configured to receive a second security code encrypted using the first security code. In some embodiments, display device 1810 may receive the encrypted second security code in response to transmitting the awakening signal and the first security code to analyte sensor system 1808 and / or in response to analyte sensor system 1808 receiving the awakening signal and the first security code. In some embodiments, the encrypted second security code may be received via a communication channel and / or using a communication protocol different from modulated visible light, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol.

[0316] Block 1906 includes the step of verifying the encrypted second security code. For example, display device 1810 may be configured to verify that the second security code corresponds to a predetermined, previously known, or otherwise determinable security code and / or that the second security code was encrypted using the first security code corresponding to and / or associated with display device 1810.

[0317] Block 1908 includes the step of establishing a secure communication channel with the analyte sensor system in response to the verification. For example, upon verifying the encrypted second security code, the display device 1810 may be configured to establish a secure communication channel using a communication protocol different from the modulated visible light, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol.

[0318] Block 1910 includes the step of receiving analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system via the secure communication channel. For example, in some embodiments, the display device 1810 may be configured to receive, via a BLE communication channel, analyte concentration data encoded using a second security code corresponding to and / or associated with the analyte sensor system 1808 from the analyte sensor system 1808.

[0319] The description now proceeds to flowchart 1950 of FIG. 19B, which describes the operation of any analyte sensor system described herein in relation to the embodiments previously described, for example, in relation to FIG. 18. Block 1952 includes the step of receiving, from the display device, at least one of the wake-up signal and the first security code as modulated visible light. For example, the analyte sensor system 1808 may be configured to receive, from the display device 1810 via the optical sensor 1895, the wake-up signal and the first security code corresponding to and / or associated with the display device 1810.

[0320] Block 1954 includes the step of transmitting a second security code encrypted using a first security code from an analyte sensor system. For example, analyte sensor system 1808 may be configured to transmit a second security code encrypted using the first security code. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system can transmit the encrypted second security code in response to receiving a wake-up signal and the first security code. In some embodiments, the encrypted second security code can be transmitted via a communication channel and / or using a communication protocol different from modulated visible light, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol.

[0321] Block 1956 includes the step of establishing a secure communication channel with a display device. For example, analyte sensor system 1808 may be configured to establish or participate in establishing a secure communication channel with display device 1810 using a communication protocol different from modulated visible light, such as BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, cellular, or any other suitable communication protocol.

[0322] Block 1958 includes the step of transmitting analyte concentration data via a secure communication channel. For example, in some embodiments, analyte sensor system 1808 may be configured to transmit analyte concentration data encoded using a second security code corresponding to and / or associated with analyte sensor system 1808 via a BLE communication channel to display device 1810.

[0323] User warning about the analyte sensor system not being able to connect to the detected display device Some embodiments are disclosed herein in which an analyte sensor system is configured to send sensor data to a paired display device (e.g., a smartphone or smartwatch) so that a user can easily view the sensor data on the display device. In some embodiments, sending this sensor data to the display device is performed periodically and / or intermittently to reduce the average power consumption of the analyte sensor system. Accordingly, the display device can connect to and then disconnect from the analyte sensor system periodically. However, even while the display device is nearby and the user is wearing the analyte sensor system, it may be impossible for the display device to connect to the analyte sensor system, preventing sensor data and / or other data from being sent from the analyte sensor system to the display device or vice versa. One common cause of such inability to connect is low signal strength (SSI) between the display device and the analyte sensor system. Such low signal strength can have various causes, including but not limited to radio frequency (RF) interference, the user lying on top of the analyte sensor system, or other RF interference. Accordingly, the present disclosure contemplates warning the user of the display device when the display device detects an advertisement message from the analyte sensor system but cannot connect to the analyte sensor system, thereby enabling the user to perform one or more actions that are likely to increase the probability of establishing a connection during the next attempt.

[0324] FIG. 20 shows flowchart 2000, which describes the operation of any display device described herein with respect to warning a user when the display device detects an advertisement message from any analyte sensor system described herein but is not able to connect to the analyte sensor system.

[0325] Block 2002 includes the step of detecting an advertisement message from an analyte sensor system. For example, any display device described herein can detect an advertisement message from any analyte sensor system described herein.

[0326] Block 2004 includes the step of attempting to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system in response to the advertisement message. For example, the display device can be configured to attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system according to any pairing and / or connection protocol disclosed herein, or according to any other suitable pairing and / or connection protocol.

[0327] Block 2006 includes the step of determining that an attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed. For example, after a predetermined period of attempting to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system but failing, the display device can be configured to make a determination that the attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed.

[0328] Block 2008 includes the step of generating a warning on the display device indicating that the analyte sensor system has been detected but an attempt to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system has failed. For example, the display device can be configured to generate any suitable warning, such as but not limited to, "[User], your [smartphone / smartwatch] has detected your [analyte sensor system / transmitter] nearby but was unable to connect and receive data. Please try changing your orientation with respect to your [smartphone / smartwatch] and any other possible RF interference within [5 minutes] to increase the probability of success when attempting to connect again." In some embodiments, the warning can further comprise at least one proposed user intervention to increase the probability of establishing a connection with the analyte sensor system during subsequent connection attempts.

[0329] Direct pairing of a smartwatch or other display to an analyte sensor system In some cases, a user of an analyte sensor system may wish to pair the analyte sensor system with more than one display device, such as a smartphone and a smartwatch. For example, it may be more convenient to view analyte concentration data on a smaller display device, such as a smartwatch, that the user wears. However, while it may be easier to view analyte concentration data and / or alerts at a glance, at least in part because the user input functionality is more limited, for example, it is not possible or difficult to provide a full keyboard or numeric keypad on a smaller display, it can be more cumbersome to enter information or initiate a pairing process on such a smaller display device. Accordingly, some embodiments are contemplated that enable direct secure pairing of a display device, such as a smartwatch, to an analyte sensor system without the user having to manually enter a transmitter ID, serial number, or code associated with the analyte sensor system for either an initial pairing or a subsequent connection and / or reconnection to the analyte sensor system. An explanation of such embodiments follows below with reference to at least FIGS. 3A through 3C. For purposes of illustration only, both a smartphone and a smartwatch (examples of display device 310 as previously described in connection with FIGS. 3A through 3C) can be connected to analyte sensor system 308. To simplify the presentation, a first display device, such as a smartphone, may correspond to display device 310a, while a second display device, such as a smartwatch, may correspond to display device 310b.

[0330] The analyte sensor system 308 may already be paired with and / or otherwise connected to a display device 310a (e.g., a smartphone). To initiate the connection of a display device 310b (e.g., a smartwatch) to the analyte sensor system 308, the user can select an option to add a display device on an analyte monitoring application (e.g., the analyte sensor app 330 of FIG. 3B) on the display device 310a. Since the display of the display device 310a may be larger than the display of the display device 310b, selecting an option to add the display device 310b in an app running on the display device 310a may be an easier user operation. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the user may instead select an option to add a display device on a similar analyte sensor app 330 running on the display device 310b. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor app 330 may include filtering options that determine or limit the types of smartwatches or other display devices with which the user can pair the analyte sensor system 308 based on the capabilities, version, and / or compatibility of the display device (e.g., 3E, 4G, LTE, 5G, Wi-Fi, NFC, Bluetooth, BLE support, etc.). The filtering options may also provide an indication, for example, of whether the analyte sensor system 308 can support direct-to-watch communication with a display device (e.g., a smartwatch). For example, selecting an option to add a display device on the analyte sensor app 330 (e.g., on the display 310a) may present a signal or feedback message on the app notifying the user that the analyte sensor system 308 is not compatible with the display device 310b and / or cannot support direct-to-watch communication. For example, this may be because the version or model of the analyte sensor system 308 does not support the direct-to-watch function, or because the firmware running on the analyte sensor system 308 may be old.Alternatively, in some examples, if the analyte sensor system 308 can support direct-to-watch communication with a display device 310b (e.g., a smartwatch), selecting the option to add a display (e.g., display device 310b) may indicate in the app that the analyte sensor system 308 can support direct-to-watch communication. In one example, this may be because the analyte sensor system 308 is the correct version / model and / or has the correct / latest firmware version.

[0331] In some further examples, if the analyte sensor system 308 (already communicating with display 310a) cannot support direct-to-watch communication, instead of a signal or feedback message, the option to select a display in the analyte sensor app 330 may be grayed out, thus preventing the user from selecting such an option. In another example, if the analyte sensor system 308 (already communicating with display 310a) can support direct-to-watch communication with, for example, a new display device 310b (e.g., a smartwatch), the option may not be grayed out.

[0332] In response to a user selection to add a display device, display device 310a or display device 310b can send a signal or message to the analyte sensor system 308 indicating that the new device is requesting pairing.

[0333] In response to a signal or message indicating that a new device has requested pairing, the analyte sensor system 308 can enter a pairing mode in which the analyte sensor system 308 is configured to transmit advertisement messages periodically or continuously for a predetermined interval. In some embodiments, the predetermined period during which the analyte sensor system 308 advertises periodically for connection to a display device 310b (e.g., a smartwatch) is much longer than the period in the case of connection to another type of display device (e.g., a smartphone, etc.), for example 10 minutes versus 20 seconds. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the predetermined period can be substantially the same as for any other type of display device. In another example, the analyte sensor system 308 may not enter the pairing mode in response to a signal or message indicating that a new device has requested pairing. Instead, the analyte sensor system 308 may request a connection from a new display device until the whitelist is full. In such an example, the predetermined period may vary (e.g., be longer, shorter, or the same).

[0334] In response to detecting, identifying, and / or receiving an advertisement message, the display device 310b can display a "Pair" notification for the user to select to initiate the pairing process. Accordingly, the display device 310b can be configured to receive an input from the user to initiate the pairing process in response to displaying the "Pair notification".

[0335] Optionally, in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process, the display device 310b can transmit a signal indicating that the input has been received from the user to the display device 310a.

[0336] The display device 310a can send pairing and / or authentication information (e.g., a transmitter ID or serial number corresponding to the analyte sensor system 308, and / or one or more pairing keys and / or encryption keys) to the display device 310b. In this way, it is not necessary for the user to enter a transmitter ID or any other similar identification information corresponding to the analyte sensor system 308 into the display device 310b to enable pairing. In one example, this can be performed in response to receiving a signal from the display device 310b indicating that an input has been received from the user.

[0337] In some other embodiments, the display device 310b can be configured to receive some or all of the pairing and / or authentication information from a separate server, such as the server system 334 of FIG. 3A. In such embodiments, it may be contemplated that the server and the display device 310b have established a previously authenticated communication channel, which may be based on the authentication information provided by the display device 310a. In such embodiments, in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process, the display device 310b can send a signal indicating that an input has been received from the user to the server system 334, rather than or in addition to the display device 310a.

[0338] In response to receiving pairing and / or authentication information from the display device 310a and / or the server system 334, the display device 310b may be configured to pair with the analyte sensor system 308 according to any pairing protocol described herein or otherwise known. In some embodiments, this pairing process may be performed in the background such that the user does not recognize or is not notified of steps in the procedure that do not require explicit input from the user. Thus, the user can easily pair a smaller display device, such as a smartwatch, with the analyte sensor system 308 without having to enter the identification information of the analyte sensor system 308 into the smartwatch, providing the user with a more streamlined experience. Upon successful pairing, the display device 310b is understood to receive analyte-related data from the analyte sensor system 308 and provide the user with information regarding such data and / or analyte data (e.g., an estimated blood glucose value, notifications, alarms, warnings, etc., as described herein).

[0339] The description now turns to flowchart 2100 of FIG. 21A, which describes the operation of the first display device 310a (e.g., a smartphone), as previously described above. Block 2102 includes the step of receiving from the user, on the first display device, an input indicating a request to pair a second display device with the analyte sensor system. For example, as previously described, the user may select an option to add a display device on the analyte monitoring application (e.g., analyte sensor app 330 of FIG. 3B) of the display device 310a. The first display device 310a may already be paired with and communicating with the analyte sensor system 308.

[0340] Block 2104 includes the step of transmitting, to the analyte sensor system, a first signal indicating that the second display device has requested pairing. For example, as previously described, the display device 310a can transmit, to the analyte sensor system 308, a first signal indicating that the display device 310b has requested pairing. As previously described, transmitting this signal to the analyte sensor system 308 can optionally cause the analyte sensor system 308 to enter a pairing mode, in which the analyte sensor system 308 periodically transmits advertisement messages at predetermined intervals.

[0341] Block 2106 includes the step of receiving, from the second display device, a second signal indicating that the user has initiated a pairing process between the second display device and the analyte sensor system. For example, as previously described, the user may respond affirmatively to a "Pair" notification displayed by the display device 310b by providing user input to the display device 310b, and the display device 310b may or may not transmit a second signal indicating that the user has initiated the pairing process to the display device 310a.

[0342] Block 2108 includes the step of transmitting, in response to receiving the second signal from the second display device, the transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system to the second display device. For example, as previously described, in response to receiving the second signal from the display device 310b, the display device 310a can transmit pairing and / or authentication information (e.g., the transmitter ID or serial number corresponding to the analyte sensor system 308, and / or one or more pairing keys and / or encryption keys) to the display device 310b. The display device 310b can use this pairing and / or authentication information to pair with the analyte sensor system 308.

[0343] The description now turns to flowchart 2150 of FIG. 21B, which describes the operation of a second display device 310a (e.g., a smartwatch), such as that previously described above. Block 2152 includes receiving, from an analyte sensor system, one or more advertisement messages transmitted in response to a user selection on a first display device to pair the second display device with the analyte sensor system. For example, as previously described, the user can select an option to add a display device on the analyte monitoring application 330 of display device 310a (FIG. 3B), and the analyte sensor system 308 may optionally be configured to enter a pairing mode and transmit advertisement messages periodically during a predetermined interval. In such an embodiment, the first display device 310a may already be paired and communicating with the analyte sensor system 308.

[0344] Block 2154 includes displaying a notification of the pairing process in response to receiving one or more advertisement messages. For example, as previously described, in response to detecting, identifying, and / or receiving an advertisement message, display device 310b can display a "Pair" notification to the user.

[0345] Block 2156 includes optionally transmitting, to the first display device, a signal indicating that an input has been received from the user in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process. For example, as previously described, in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process, display device 310b may or may not transmit a signal indicating that the input has been received from the user to display device 310a.

[0346] Block 2158 includes the step of receiving, from a first display device, a transmitter ID corresponding to an analyte sensor system. For example, as previously described, pairing and / or authentication information (e.g., a transmitter ID or serial number corresponding to analyte sensor system 308, and / or one or more pairing keys and / or encryption keys) can be transmitted by display device 310a and received by display device 310b.

[0347] Block 2160 includes the step of using the transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system to establish a secure connection with the analyte sensor system. For example, in response to receiving pairing and / or authentication information, display device 310b can be configured to pair with analyte sensor system 308 according to any pairing protocol described herein or generally known.

[0348] Data Capture The following description refers at least to the components as disclosed in FIGS. 3A through 3E, but the description is not so limited and may correspond to or apply to any other components described throughout the present disclosure.

[0349] In some situations, a user may desire to couple more than one display device, such as a smartphone and a wearable smartwatch, or their own smartphone or smartwatch, and a medical device utilized by a healthcare provider, for example, in connection with managing a medical condition, to their analyte sensor system (e.g., analyte sensor system 308). Since it is desirable to extend the battery life of the analyte sensor system 308, the analyte sensor system 308 may first pair and connect to a display device, transmit data to the display device, disconnect from the display device to enter a low power mode and / or a sleep mode to conserve battery, and be configured to periodically reconnect to the display device based on a predetermined connection interval (e.g., every five minutes). Some embodiments described in the present disclosure utilize a “predetermined” connection interval, but the present disclosure also contemplates the use of similar connection intervals where the length and / or frequency of occurrence is not predetermined. Thus, embodiments that describe the use of a predetermined connection interval also contemplate the use of such non-predetermined connection intervals. One way for the analyte sensor system 308 to manage connections to multiple display devices is for one display device to be enabled to maintain a communication connection with the analyte sensor system 308 during a given predetermined connection interval. This enables sequential connection of multiple display devices at different predetermined connection intervals, but limits such connections in that two display devices do not maintain a connection with the analyte sensor system 308 at the same time during the same predetermined connection interval, which can result in a long period between one opportunity and another to re-establish a connection with a particular display device when ultimately accepting multiple display devices.

[0350] Another way the analyte sensor system 308 can manage connections to multiple display devices is to utilize multiple time slots in which different classifications of devices are permitted to connect to and communicate with the analyte sensor system 308. For example, consumer time slots in which consumer-display devices commonly used by consumers (e.g., smartphones, smartwatches, user receivers) are each permitted to connect to the analyte sensor system 308, and medical or professional time slots in which display devices commonly used by medical professionals and / or other proprietary or dedicated medical devices are each permitted to connect to the analyte sensor system 308. When such consumer time slots and medical / professional time slots are utilized, the advertisement parameters and protocols can be configured the same or differently to advertise the availability of connections within each time slot. Such an example may further utilize multiple corresponding whitelists to assist in managing connections to known or trusted display devices, and each consumer device or medical / professional device that has previously established and authenticated a secure connection to the analyte sensor system 308 is on that whitelist. In some embodiments, each such whitelist may include space for a single entry corresponding to a single preferred consumer device (e.g., the user's smartphone) or a single preferred medical / professional device (e.g., a health care provider device associated with a physician). If a user or medical professional wishes to pair with a new display device that is not currently on the corresponding whitelist, pairing with the new display device will remove other display devices previously on the whitelist and add the newly paired display device at that location within the single entry to the whitelist.However, when combined with the constraint that a single device can maintain a connection with the analyte sensor system 308 during any given connection interval, the display device may still have to wait a long time between opportunities to be connected to the analyte sensor system 308, regardless of whether it is a consumer-class or medical / expert-class device.

[0351] Accordingly, some embodiments described below enable multiple display devices to connect and maintain a connection simultaneously during the same predetermined connection interval. The general concepts described below, separately or in any combination, eliminate the distinction between consumer and medical / expert classifications, white lists, and time slots, treat each display device as being of a similar classification, and utilize a single white list that can carry all types / classifications of trusted devices, and provide a single time slot in which one or more compatible display devices may be able to pair with and connect to the analyte sensor system 308 during the same predetermined connection interval. In some embodiments, such a single white list may have an increased capacity, ranging from, for example, two entries, i.e., one entry for medical / expert devices and one entry for consumer devices, to three or more entries for compatible display devices of any type or classification. Since a single time slot is utilized for connection and communication with the analyte sensor system 308, advertisements and connection maintenance for multiple devices can be handled simultaneously, or at least concurrently, as occurring during the same predetermined connection interval. Since the white list can still be utilized, the advertisements can utilize a first set of parameters for general advertisements, e.g., to advertise to display devices not yet on the white list, and a second set of parameters for white list advertisements, e.g., to advertise to trusted display devices currently on the white list.When establishing a connection with each of one or more compatible display devices at the same predetermined communication interval, each of the one or more compatible display devices (e.g., display device 310) can communicate with the analyte sensor system 308 and / or, optionally, with each other and / or with another server (e.g., server system 334) during the same predetermined communication interval as described by any part of this specification or otherwise known. At some point during the predetermined communication interval, it may be determined that one or more connections should be closed for any number of reasons. In some embodiments, rather than immediately closing one or more connections in response to a command or decision to close the one or more connections, those connections are intended to be maintained until a general advertisement for a particular predetermined connection interval is complete, even if it is for a short connection interval in some cases. Additionally, some embodiments contemplate adjusting advertisement parameters, connection parameters, and / or timeout strategies to conserve power, improve responsiveness, and / or simplify the operation of the one or more devices involved. Although a bad device may be able to listen for advertisement messages, such a bad device is expected to fail authentication and thus is prevented from establishing a communication session or being added to a whitelist. Some features of such embodiments are described in more detail below.

[0352] Utilization of Time Slot Independent Connection / Communication with Analyte Sensor System In some embodiments, a single repetitive or periodic time slot may be utilized in which multiple compatible display devices 310 may be paired, connected, and communicate with the analyte sensor system 308. Such a single time slot may not provide a distinction between consumer-class display devices and medical / expert-class display devices. Grouping all time slots and device classifications into a single type (e.g., all compatible display devices are considered the same for connection purposes) reduces the complexity and requirements associated with the operation, advertisement, and connection management protocols for all devices involved. Additionally, since only a single classification of the display device 310 is contemplated, the advertisement protocol and / or parameters may also be simplified in such embodiments.

[0353] Use of a generalized whitelist for connection / communication with an analyte sensor system In some embodiments, a single or generalized whitelist is utilized, where if an initial pairing and authentication with the analyte sensor system 308 is performed, it may be possible to list all compatible display devices 310. For example, if previous consumer and medical / expert whitelists are utilized, each having space for an entry for a single display device, in some other embodiments, a single whitelist for all compatible display devices 310 having three or more entries for any type or classification of compatible display device 310 may be utilized. By including three or more entries in the whitelist, it becomes possible to list multiple display devices, such as the user's smartphone, the user's smartwatch, and even a third display device, such as a healthcare professional's health management device, on the whitelist during the same predetermined communication interval and to easily reconnect if required for simultaneous communication of analyte concentration and / or other data. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 may be configured to remove or delete a display device from the whitelist based on not receiving data from the display device or not transmitting data to the display device for a predetermined period of time, or according to any other protocol for managing a whitelist as described elsewhere in this disclosure or otherwise known.

[0354] Advertisement Based on a Single Whitelist for Connection to an Analyte Sensor System The discussion in this section refers to FIGS. 3A - 3C, FIGS. 22A and 22B, and FIG. 23. FIGS. 22A and 22B show exemplary timing diagrams 2200, 2250 for advertisement signaling for advertisement according to some embodiments, while FIG. 23 shows an exemplary flowchart for advertisement signaling by the analyte sensor system 308 according to some embodiments.

[0355] Advertisements may be performed to pair with, connect to, and / or reconnect to the analyte sensor system 308, where the advertisement messages 2202, 2204 are periodically transmitted during one or more advertisement intervals 2206, 2208 to inform of the availability of the advertising device for pairing, connection, and / or reconnection during a given predetermined connection interval 2210. In some embodiments that utilize a single whitelist, the first advertisement message 2202 can utilize a first set of parameters for discovering and / or advertising a new display device 310 that is not currently on the whitelist. The first set of parameters can define one or more of a first length 2212 of the first advertisement interval 2206, a first periodic interval 2214 utilized to transmit the advertisement message 2202 within the first advertisement interval 2206, a first power 2216 at which the first advertisement message 2202 is transmitted, and any other parameters for transmitting the first advertisement message 2202. Such a first set of parameters may correspond to a general advertisement or discovery advertisement for devices not currently on the whitelist.

[0356] Such advertisements can additionally utilize a second set of parameters to discover and / or advertise to the display devices 310 currently on the whitelist, and utilize a second advertisement message 2204. This second set of parameters can define one or more of a second length 2222 of a second advertisement interval 2208, a second regular interval 2224 utilized to transmit the advertisement message 2204 within the second advertisement interval 2208, a second power 2226 at which the second advertisement message 2204 is transmitted, and any other parameters for transmitting the second advertisement message 2204. Such a second set of parameters can correspond to a whitelist or reconnection advertisement. By utilizing the first and second sets of advertisement parameters for each of the first advertisement message 2202 and the second advertisement message 2204, general and reconnection advertisements can be enabled in the same communication time slot.

[0357] In some embodiments, the first power 2216 at which a general advertisement message 2202 is transmitted may be lower than the second power 2226 at which a reconnection advertisement message 2204 is transmitted. For example, a user attempting to pair and connect a new display device 310, such as a smartphone or smartwatch, is likely to have the new display device 310 located near (e.g., within a few feet of) the analyte sensor system 308. Such a general advertisement need not utilize the maximum, e.g., 30 meter, transmission power, at least by virtue of being near the new display device 310 and the analyte sensor system 308. In contrast, it may be desirable for a display device 310 on the whitelist to remain connected to or reconnect to the analyte sensor system 308 even when a device on the whitelist is far from the analyte sensor system 308, e.g., when a smartphone is left on a table while the user walks temporarily to another room. However, the present disclosure is not so limited, and the first power 2216 and / or the second power 2226 may be configurable or reconfigurable to have any suitable absolute value and / or any suitable relative value with respect to each other.

[0358] In some embodiments, the first length 2212 of the first advertising interval 2206 and / or the first periodic interval 2214, which is used to transmit the advertising message 2202 within the first advertising interval 2206 for general advertising, may be different from the second length 2222 of the second advertising interval 2208 and / or the second periodic interval 2224, which is used to transmit the advertising message 2204 within the second advertising interval 2208 for reconnection advertising. Additionally, the first frequency of occurrence of the first advertising interval 2206 may be different from the second frequency of occurrence of the second advertising interval 2208. For example, analyte concentration data may be measured, processed, or communicated every 30 seconds or every minute. Thus, in such embodiments, the second frequency of occurrence of the second advertising interval 2208 may correspond to this time frame and the associated frequency of occurrence, such as every 30 seconds or every minute. However, attempting to "discover" new display devices that are not currently on the whitelist, which may or may not be present, at such short intervals, such as the second frequency of occurrence, may not be necessary or desirable. Thus, the first frequency of occurrence of the first advertising interval 2206 associated with general advertising may be lower than the second frequency of occurrence of the second advertising interval 2208 associated with reconnection advertising. Increasing the interval between the general advertising interval and the advertising interval can save power within the analyte sensor system 308 by reducing the number or frequency of general advertisements.

[0359] In addition, in some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 and / or one or more already-connected display devices 310 may further comprise a button or other user input that enables the user to initiate an on-demand general advertisement session, for example, when the user desires to pair and connect a new display device 310 to the analyte sensor system 308, such as the user's smartphone or smartwatch.

[0360] The description now turns to flowchart 2300 of FIG. 23, which describes, for example, the advertisement operation of the analyte sensor system 308 according to some embodiments. Block 2302 includes transmitting one or more first advertisement messages using a first set of parameters during a predetermined communication interval if a whitelist of previously authenticated devices has at least one unfilled entry. For example, during a predetermined connection interval 2210, based on the display device not being on such a whitelist, or based on the whitelist having at least one unfilled entry, the analyte sensor system 308 may be configured to transmit one or more first advertisement messages 2202 using a first set of parameters that define, for example, a first length 2212 of a first advertisement interval 2206, a first periodic interval 2214 used to transmit the first advertisement message 2202 within the first advertisement interval 2206, a first power 2216 used to transmit the first advertisement message 2202, and one or more of any other parameters for such an advertisement. Such a first set of parameters may correspond to discovery advertisements for devices not currently on the whitelist, or general advertisements.

[0361] In some embodiments, when the analyte sensor system 308 is first powered up, the analyte sensor system 308 may be configured to perform a pairing advertisement such that the length 2212 of the first advertisement interval 2206 is, for example, 15 minutes or less, but the present disclosure is not so limited and the length 2212 of the first advertisement interval 2206 can be any suitable interval. Such an advertisement can be considered a fast pairing advertisement due to the short advertisement interval compared to some other possible implementations. In such embodiments, the first periodic interval 2214 can be, for example, 1024 milliseconds, but the present disclosure is not so limited and the first periodic interval 2214 can be any suitable interval. In such embodiments, the “fast pairing advertisement” mode ends when any display device “completes”, for example, when pairing and authentication with the analyte sensor system 308 is successful. When the first advertisement interval 2206 expires or when any display device completes, the advertisement can follow any advertisement protocol described herein or otherwise known.

[0362] Block 2304 includes the step of not transmitting one or more first advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval if the whitelist does not have at least one unfilled entry. For example, in some embodiments, if there are no available entries on the whitelist, there may not be room for additional devices to connect. Thus, in such embodiments, the analyte sensor system 308 can be configured not to perform general advertisements to conserve power.

[0363] When the whitelist carries at least one device, block 2306 includes the step of transmitting one or more second advertisement messages using a second set of parameters during a predetermined communication interval. For example, during a predetermined connection interval 2210, based on at least one display device 310 being on the whitelist, the analyte sensor system 308 may use a second set of parameters that define, for example, a second length 2222 of a second advertisement interval 2208, a second regular interval 2224 used to transmit a second advertisement message 2204 within the second advertisement interval 2208, a second power 2226 used to transmit the advertisement message, and any other parameters for such an advertisement, to transmit one or more second advertisement messages 2204. Such a second set of parameters may correspond to a reconnection advertisement for the display device currently on the whitelist.

[0364] Block 2308 includes the step of not transmitting one or more second advertisement messages during a predetermined communication interval in response to one or more first advertisement messages when no devices are currently on the whitelist or when all devices currently on the whitelist are connected to the analyte sensor system. For example, if there are no devices currently on the whitelist, there is no need for a reconnection advertisement. In some embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 22B, the analyte sensor system 308 can transmit one or more general advertisement messages (e.g., 2202) using a first set of parameters before transmitting one or more reconnection advertisement messages (e.g., 2204) using a second set of parameters at the same predetermined connection interval. In such embodiments, performing a general advertisement for new devices before performing a reconnection advertisement also allows devices currently on the whitelist to reconnect to the analyte sensor system 308 during a general advertisement interval (e.g., 2206), as well as enabling the discovery and pairing of additional new display devices during the general advertisement interval (e.g., 2206) within the same predetermined connection interval. Moreover, if all devices on such a whitelist are within range and reconnect to the analyte sensor system 308 during the general advertisement interval 2206, the analyte sensor system 308 may be configured to delay or not transmit subsequent reconnection advertisements 2204 during the predetermined connection interval 2210, thereby allowing the analyte sensor system 308 to further conserve power.

[0365] In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in FIG. 22A, after the analyte sensor system 308 transmits one or more reconnection advertisement messages (e.g., 2204) using a second set of parameters, it can transmit one or more general advertisement messages (e.g., 2202) using a first set of parameters. In such embodiments, by performing a general advertisement for new devices after performing a reconnection advertisement for devices currently on the whitelist, discovery and pairing of additional display devices after connection of a display device currently on the whitelist can be enabled. This is in contrast to some previous embodiments, in which the previous consumer or medical / expert whitelist did not have another entry for adding additional display devices to the whitelist, and in which such previous embodiments provided connection of only a single display device to the analyte sensor system 308 during a specific predetermined connection interval, so that the adv...

Claims

1. 1. A method for calibrating a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: scanning an identification tag that encodes information identifying the analyte sensor system; retrieving calibration data for a sensor of the analyte sensor system based at least in part on the information identifying the analyte sensor system; positioning the analyte sensor system sufficiently close to the calibration station such that a short-range communications controller of the calibration station causes a short-range antenna of the analyte sensor system to transition at least a portion of the analyte sensor system into an operational mode; transmitting at least the sensor calibration data from the calibration station to the continuous analyte sensor system via short range communication in response to a command, thereby facilitating calibration of the continuous analyte sensor system; A method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising causing the analyte sensor system to return to a sleep mode after the sensor calibration data is stored in storage of the analyte sensor system.

3. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the identification tag is a two-dimensional (2D) barcode that encodes at least an applicator lot number and a serial number of the sensor of the analyte sensor system into a single string.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor calibration data comprises a first slope determined for the sensor, a last slope determined for the sensor, and an indication of the dates the first slope and last slope were determined.

5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the command comprises a 0x7a near field communication command configured to transmit each of an applicator lot number, a serial number of the sensor, the first tilt, the last tilt, and an indication of the date in a single message.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor calibration data is retrieved from a database in which the sensor calibration data is indexed according to the lot number of the applicator and the serial number of the sensor.

7. 1. A calibration station configured for calibrating a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: an identification tag scanner configured to scan an identification tag encoding information identifying the analyte sensor system; a processor configured to retrieve calibration data for a sensor of the analyte sensor system based at least in part on the information identifying the analyte sensor system; and causing a short-range antenna of the analyte sensor system to transition at least a portion of the analyte sensor system into an operational mode when the analyte sensor system is located sufficiently close to the calibration station; Transmitting at least the sensor calibration data to the analyte sensor system via short-range communication in response to a command, thereby facilitating calibration of the analyte sensor system. a short-range communication controller configured to A calibration station comprising:

8. 8. The calibration station of claim 7, wherein the short-range communications controller is further configured to send at least one signal to the analyte sensor system that causes the analyte sensor system to return to a sleep mode after the sensor calibration data is stored in storage of the analyte sensor system.

9. 8. The calibration station of claim 7, wherein the identification tag is a two-dimensional (2D) bar code that encodes at least an applicator lot number and a serial number of the sensor of the analyte sensor system into a single string.

10. 8. The calibration station of claim 7, wherein the sensor calibration data comprises a first slope determined for the sensor, a last slope determined for the sensor, and an indication of the dates the first slope and last slope were determined.

11. 11. The calibration station of claim 10, wherein the command comprises a 0x7a NFC command configured to transmit each of the indications of an applicator lot number, a serial number of the sensor, the first slope, the last slope, and the date in a single message.

12. 8. The calibration station of claim 7, wherein the sensor calibration data is retrieved from a database in which the sensor calibration data is indexed according to the lot number of the applicator and the serial number of the sensor.

13. 1. A method for testing a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: waking at least a portion of the analyte sensor system from a sleep mode; utilizing a first transceiver chip to receive a data packet transmitted from a second transceiver chip, the data packet comprising a request for the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify expected operation of the analyte sensor system; processing the request; utilizing the first transceiver chip to transmit a response back to the second transceiver chip indicating a result of the request; receiving, using the first transceiver chip, a message transmitted from the second transceiver chip, the message comprising an instruction to return one or more components of the analyte sensor system to a sleep mode; A method comprising:

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first transceiver chip is embedded in the analyte sensor system and the second transceiver chip is embedded in a factory test station configured to test operation of the analyte sensor system.

15. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein each of the request, the response, and the message is communicated on a preprogrammed frequency channel to each of the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip.

16. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the request, the response, and the message are communicated without a prior connection or authentication process occurring between the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip.

17. 1. A method for testing a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: utilizing a second transceiver chip to transmit to the first transceiver chip a data packet comprising a request for the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify an expected operation of the analyte sensor system; receiving, utilizing the second transceiver chip, a response from the first transceiver chip returning a result of the request; transmitting a message using the second transceiver chip to the first transceiver chip, the message comprising an instruction to return one or more components of the analyte sensor system to a sleep mode; A method comprising:

18. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first transceiver chip is embedded in the analyte sensor system and the second transceiver chip is embedded in a factory test station configured to test operation of the analyte sensor system.

19. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the request, the response, and the message is communicated on a preprogrammed frequency channel to each of the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip.

20. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the request, the response, and the message are communicated without a prior connection or authentication process occurring between the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip.

21. 1. A test system for testing a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: the analyte sensor system comprising a first transceiver chip; a factory test station including a second transceiver chip; Equipped with the analyte sensor system comprising: waking at least a portion of the analyte sensor system from a sleep mode; utilizing the first transceiver chip to receive a data packet transmitted from the second transceiver chip, the data packet comprising a request for the analyte sensor system to perform one or more tasks designed to verify an expected operation of the analyte sensor system; Processing the request; utilizing the first transceiver chip to transmit a response returning a result of the request to the second transceiver chip; Utilizing the first transceiver chip to receive a message transmitted from the second transceiver chip, the message comprising an instruction to return one or more components of the analyte sensor system to a sleep mode. It is configured as follows: said factory test station comprising: utilizing the second transceiver chip to transmit the data packet to the first transceiver chip; receiving the response from the first transceiver chip using the second transceiver chip; Using the second transceiver chip, transmit the message to the first transceiver chip. A test system configured as follows.

22. 22. The test system of claim 21, wherein each of the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip is preprogrammed to communicate each of the requests, responses, and messages on a predetermined frequency channel.

23. 22. The test system of claim 21, wherein the first transceiver chip and the second transceiver chip communicate the requests, the responses, and the messages without a prior connection or authentication process.

24. 1. A continuous analyte sensor system configured for wireless communication of analyte data, comprising: a sensor having a plurality of terminals, the sensor being configured to generate a current through the plurality of terminals based on an analyte concentration of a host; a shorting element configured to electrically short the plurality of terminals when the sensor is disposed within a packaging; Waking up periodically measuring the current through the plurality of terminals; determining that the measured current is less than a predetermined threshold; generating a signal configured to awaken at least one additional calibration element of the analyte sensor system based on the determination; a sensor electronic module configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

25. 25. The analyte sensor system of claim 24, wherein the shorting element comprises at least one of a conductive wire, a conductive sheet, or a conductive foam that comprises at least a portion of the packaging.

26. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: generating a pairing key; initializing a transceiver radio with a first peripheral instance and a second peripheral instance; generating and transmitting a first advertisement message associated with the first neighboring instance; generating and transmitting a second advertisement message associated with the second neighboring instance and comprising the pairing key; determining that a pairing request corresponding to the first peripheral instance has been received; determining that the pairing request comprises the pairing key; generating and transmitting a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request comprising the pairing key; A method comprising:

27. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising the step of encrypting the pairing key, wherein the second advertisement message comprises the encrypted pairing key, and the pairing request comprises a decrypted version of the encrypted pairing key.

28. The first advertisement message: the manufacturer's instructions for the analyte sensor system; an address identifying the analyte sensor system; an indication that the first peripheral instance is connectable; Out of Band Authentication Instructions 27. The method of claim 26, comprising one or more of:

29. the second advertisement message comprising: the manufacturer's instructions for the analyte sensor system; the address identifying the analyte sensor system; an indication that the second peripheral instance is not connectable; and A payload comprising the pairing key 29. The method of claim 28, comprising one or more of:

30. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first peripheral instance and the second peripheral instance are both associated with a same analyte sensor system.

31. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message are transmitted during a same pairing session.

32. an analyte sensor; A transceiver radio; Generate a pairing key, initializing the transceiver radio with a first peripheral instance and a second peripheral instance; generating and transmitting, via the transceiver radio, a first advertisement message associated with the first peripheral instance; generating and transmitting, via the transceiver radio, a second advertisement message associated with the second peripheral instance and comprising the pairing key; determining that a pairing request corresponding to the first peripheral instance has been received via the transceiver radio; determining that the pairing request comprises the pairing key; generating and transmitting, via the transceiver radio, a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request comprising the pairing key; one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

33. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: monitoring one or more communication channels for one or more advertisement messages indicating that the analyte sensor system has initiated a pairing operation with a peripheral device; determining that a first advertisement message has been received from the analyte sensor system, the first advertisement message comprising an indication of a predetermined manufacturer of the analyte sensor system and an address identifying the analyte sensor system; determining that a second advertisement message is received from the analyte sensor system, the second advertisement message comprising the indication of the given manufacturer, the address identifying the analyte sensor system, and a pairing key; extracting the pairing key from the second advertisement message; generating and transmitting a pairing request message comprising the extracted pairing key; receiving a pairing request accept message based on the pairing request message; A method comprising:

34. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the pairing key in the second advertisement message is encrypted, and the pairing request comprises a decrypted version of the encrypted pairing key, the method further comprising: decrypting the pairing key to obtain the decrypted version of the encrypted pairing key.

35. The first advertisement message further comprises: an indication that a first peripheral instance of the analyte sensor system is connectable; and Out of Band Authentication Instructions 34. The method of claim 33, comprising one or more of:

36. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the second advertisement message further comprises an indication that the second peripheral instance of the analyte sensor system is not connectable, and the pairing key is disposed in a payload of the second advertisement message.

37. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message are received during a same pairing session.

38. A display and A transceiver radio; monitoring one or more communication channels for one or more advertisement messages indicating that the analyte sensor system has initiated a pairing operation with the peripheral device; determining that a first advertisement message has been received from the analyte sensor system, the first advertisement message comprising an indication of a predetermined manufacturer of the analyte sensor system and an address identifying the analyte sensor system; determining that a second advertisement message has been received from the analyte sensor system, the second advertisement message comprising the indication of the predetermined manufacturer, the address identifying the analyte sensor system, and a pairing key; Extracting the pairing key from the second advertisement message; generating and transmitting, via the transceiver radio, a pairing request message comprising the extracted pairing key; receiving, via the transceiver radio, a pairing request acceptance message based on the pairing request message; one or more processors configured to A peripheral device comprising:

39. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: transmitting an advertisement message to establish a communication channel; receiving, via the communication channel, a random number encrypted using a first public key; decrypting the encrypted random number using a first private key associated with the first public key; re-encrypting the decrypted random number using a second public key; transmitting the re-encrypted random number over the communication channel; transmitting the sensor data encrypted using the second public key; A method comprising:

40. the first private key is one of a first plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the first public key; 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the second private key is one of a second plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted utilizing the second public key.

41. the first public key and the second public key are publicly available keys; 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the first private key and the second private key are not publicly available keys.

42. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising receiving at least one of the first private key and the second public key from a server.

43. an analyte sensor; A transceiver radio; causing advertisement messages to be sent to establish a communication channel; receiving, via the communication channel, a random number encrypted using a first public key; decrypting the encrypted random number using a first private key associated with the first public key; re-encrypting the random number using a second public key; transmitting the re-encrypted random number over the communication channel; The sensor data is encrypted using the second public key. one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

44. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: receiving an advertisement message for establishing a communication channel; generating a random number; encrypting the random number using a first public key; transmitting the encrypted random number using the communication channel; receiving the random number re-encrypted using a second public key; decrypting the re-encrypted random number using a second private key; comparing the decrypted random number with the original generated random number; authenticating the communication session based on a determination that the decrypted random number and the original generated random number are the same; receiving sensor data encrypted using the second public key; A method comprising:

45. the first private key is one of a first plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the first public key; the second private key being one of a second plurality of unique private keys configured to decrypt data previously encrypted using the second public key; The method of claim 44.

46. the first public key and the second public key are publicly available keys; the first private key and the second private key are not publicly available keys; The method of claim 44.

47. A display and A transceiver radio; receiving an advertisement message for establishing a communication channel; Generate random numbers, encrypting the random number using a first public key; Transmitting the encrypted random number using the communication channel; receiving the random number re-encrypted using a second public key; decrypting the re-encrypted random number using a second private key; Comparing the decrypted random number to the original generated random number; authenticating the communication session based on a determination that the decrypted random number and the original generated random number are the same; receiving sensor data encrypted using the second public key; one or more processors configured to A peripheral device comprising:

48. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: sequentially coupling each of a plurality of filtering circuits to an antenna, each of the filtering circuits configured to pass a respective signal received by the antenna in a respective frequency channel; measuring a respective amount of power received on each respective frequency channel while the analyte sensor system is not wirelessly communicating; comparing the measured amounts of respective power received on each respective frequency channel; selecting the respective frequency channel on which the antenna has a lowest measured amount of power for transmitting one or more signals; A method comprising:

49. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein each of the plurality of filtering circuits comprises a bandpass filter.

50. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein sequentially coupling each of the plurality of filtering circuits to the antenna comprises sequentially closing respective switches coupling respective ones of the filtering circuits to the antenna.

51. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein selecting the respective frequency channel having a lowest measured amount of power for the antenna to transmit one or more signals comprises transmitting at least one signal that causes frequency selection circuitry of a transmitter to select the respective frequency channel.

52. The antenna, a plurality of filtering circuits coupled to the antenna, each of the filtering circuits configured to pass a respective signal received by the antenna in a respective frequency channel; sequentially coupling each of the plurality of filtering circuits to the antenna; measuring an amount of respective power received on each respective frequency channel while the analyte sensor system is not wirelessly communicating; comparing the measured respective amounts of power received on each respective frequency channel; selecting the respective frequency channel having the lowest measured amount of power for the antenna to transmit one or more signals; one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

53. 1. A method for wireless communication of analyte data by a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: pre-configuring the analyte sensor system to periodically wake up from a low power passive monitoring mode according to a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system; receiving a wake-up signal from a display device prior to expiration of the predetermined interval while the analyte sensor system is in the low power passive monitoring mode, thereby waking the analyte sensor system prior to expiration of the predetermined interval; transmitting an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal; receiving a pairing request from the display device; sending a pairing request acceptance message to the display device; transmitting sensor data to the display device; A method comprising:

54. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the step of transmitting sensor data to the display device occurs at a time before the expiration of the predetermined interval for waking the analyte sensor system.

55. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the awakening signal has a predetermined pattern, magnitude, or modulation configured to awaken the analyte sensor system from the low power passive monitoring mode.

56. an analyte sensor; A transceiver radio; pre-configuring the analyte sensor system to periodically wake up from a low power passive monitoring mode according to a predetermined interval for waking up the analyte sensor system; receiving a wake-up signal from a display device prior to expiration of the predetermined interval while the analyte sensor system is in a low power passive monitoring mode, thereby waking the analyte sensor system prior to expiration of the predetermined interval; transmitting an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal; receiving a pairing request from the display device; causing a pairing request acceptance message to be sent to said display device; causing transmission of sensor data to the display device one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

57. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data by a display device, sending a wake-up signal to the analyte sensor system in a low power passive monitoring mode; receiving an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal; sending a pairing request to the analyte sensor system; receiving a pairing request acceptance message in response to the pairing request; receiving sensor data from the analyte sensor system; A method comprising:

58. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the step of receiving sensor data from the analyte sensor system occurs at a time prior to expiration of a predetermined interval for waking the analyte sensor system.

59. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the awakening signal has a predetermined pattern, magnitude, or modulation configured to awaken the analyte sensor system from the low power passive monitoring mode.

60. A display and A transceiver radio; causing a wake-up signal to be sent to the analyte sensor system that is in a low power passive monitoring mode; receiving an advertisement message in response to the wake-up signal; causing a pairing request to be sent to the analyte sensor system; receiving a pairing request acceptance message in response to the pairing request; Receive sensor data from the analyte sensor system one or more processors configured to A display device comprising:

61. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: physically moving a short-range wireless communication protocol enabled display device close enough to a sticker placed physically on one of an analyte sensor system or packaging for the analyte sensor system, the sticker comprising a short-range wireless communication tag pre-programmed with a pairing key, such that the display device is able to retrieve the pairing key from the tag via the short-range wireless communication protocol; utilizing the retrieved pairing key to pair the analyte sensor system and the display device for a wireless protocol different from the short-range wireless communication protocol; A method comprising:

62. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the pairing key is associated with the analyte sensor system.

63. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the step of physically moving the NFC-enabled display device sufficiently close to the sticker comprises tapping the display device to the sticker.

64. A display and A radio that supports short-range wireless communication protocols; a radio for wireless communications utilizing a wireless protocol different from the short-range wireless communications protocol; retrieving a pairing key from a short-range wireless communication tag embedded in the sticker using a radio compliant with the short-range wireless communication protocol based on a display device being physically moved sufficiently close to the sticker, the tag being pre-programmed with the pairing key, and the pairing key being associated with an analyte sensor system; Utilizing the retrieved pairing key to perform a pairing operation with the analyte sensor system for the wireless communication protocol that is different from the short-range wireless communication protocol. one or more processors configured to A display device comprising:

65. 65. The display device of claim 64, wherein the step of physically moving the display device sufficiently close to the sticker comprises tapping the display device on the sticker.

66. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: detecting an advertisement message from the analyte sensor system; in response to the advertisement message, attempting to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system; determining that the attempt to establish the connection with the analyte sensor system was unsuccessful; and generating an alert indicating that the analyte sensor system was detected but that the attempt to establish the connection with the analyte sensor system was unsuccessful; A method comprising:

67. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the alert comprises at least one suggested user intervention to increase the likelihood of establishing the connection with the analyte sensor system upon a subsequent connection attempt.

68. A display and A transceiver radio; Detecting an advertisement message from the analyte sensor system; attempting to establish a connection with the analyte sensor system in response to the advertisement message; determining that the attempt to establish the connection with the analyte sensor system was unsuccessful; generating an alert indicating that the analyte sensor system was detected but that the attempt to establish the connection with the analyte sensor system was unsuccessful. one or more processors configured to A display device comprising:

69. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: transmitting a wake-up signal to an analyte sensor system; receiving a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system; comparing the received transmitter ID to a range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems; establishing a wireless connection with the analyte sensor system based on a determination that the received transmitter ID is within the range of a transmitter ID corresponding to a currently deployed analyte sensor system; receiving at least logged analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system; generating one or more reports based on at least the logged analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system; A method comprising:

70. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the wake-up signal is transmitted using an electromagnet.

71. A transceiver radio; An electromagnet, causing the electromagnet to transmit an awakening signal to an analyte sensor system; receiving a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system; comparing the received transmitter ID to a range of transmitter IDs corresponding to currently deployed analyte sensor systems; establishing a wireless connection with the analyte sensor system based on a determination that the received transmitter ID is within the range of a transmitter ID corresponding to a currently deployed analyte sensor system; receiving at least analyte concentration data logged by the analyte sensor system during a previous sensor session; generating one or more reports based at least on the logged analyte concentration data. one or more processors configured to A device comprising:

72. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: receiving a wake-up signal from a healthcare practitioner device; transmitting a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system; establishing a wireless connection with the healthcare worker device based on the transmitted transmitter ID being within range of a transmitter ID corresponding to a currently deployed analyte sensor system; transmitting at least the logged analyte concentration data to the healthcare practitioner device; A method comprising:

73. 73. The method of claim 72, further comprising generating analyte concentration data during a sensor session.

74. 74. The method of claim 73, further comprising logging the analyte concentration data during the sensor session.

75. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the wake-up signal is received by a magnetic sensor at a time after the sensor session ends.

76. an analyte sensor configured to generate analyte concentration data during a sensor session; storage configured to log the analyte concentration data during the sensor session; a magnetic sensor configured to receive an arousal signal from a healthcare practitioner device; A transceiver radio; causing the transceiver radio to transmit a transmitter ID corresponding to an analyte sensor system; establishing a wireless connection with the healthcare worker device based on the transmitted transmitter ID being within range of a transmitter ID corresponding to a currently deployed analyte sensor system; causing the transceiver radio to transmit at least the logged analyte concentration data to the healthcare practitioner device. one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

77. 77. The analyte sensor system of claim 76, wherein the magnetic sensor receives the wake-up signal at a time after the sensor session ends.

78. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: periodically collecting raw data from the analyte sensor for the duration of the sensor session; storing the raw data; delaying conversion of the raw data to estimated analyte values ​​until at least after the sensor session has ended; A method comprising:

79. 80. The method of claim 78, wherein the sensor session corresponds to an intended usable life of the analyte sensor system.

80. an analyte sensor configured to periodically generate raw data for the duration of a sensor session; storage configured to store the raw data during the sensor session; one or more processors configured to delay conversion of the raw data into estimated analyte values ​​until at least after the sensor session has ended; A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

81. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: measuring at least one analyte concentration value with the analyte sensor system during a sensor session; transmitting the at least one analyte concentration value to a device associated with a health care practitioner utilizing a cellular network connection; A method comprising:

82. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the at least one analyte concentration value is not displayed to a user of the analyte sensor system.

83. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the at least one analyte concentration value is transmitted to the device associated with the health care practitioner after the sensor session is completed.

84. an analyte sensor configured to measure at least one analyte concentration value during a sensor session; a transceiver radio compatible with a cellular network; one or more processors configured to cause a transceiver radio corresponding to the cellular network to transmit the at least one analyte concentration value to a device associated with a health care practitioner utilizing a cellular network connection; A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

85. 1. A method for wireless communication of data, comprising: receiving, by the analyte sensor system, power from a first device via near field communication; utilizing the received power to power up at least a portion of an analyte sensor system; transmitting data from the analyte sensor system to the first device utilizing a first communications protocol for use in addressing a suspected fault of the analyte sensor system; A method comprising:

86. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the first communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth low energy protocol.

87. a near field communication circuit configured to receive power from a first device via near field communication; a transceiver radio configured to be powered by the received power; one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver radio to transmit data to the first device using a first communication protocol for use in addressing a suspected fault of the analyte sensor system; A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

88. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte data, comprising: placing the display device sufficiently close to the analyte sensor system such that a short-term wireless communication protocol controller of the display device transmits power to the analyte sensor system utilizing a short-term wireless communication protocol, thereby powering up at least a portion of the analyte sensor system; receiving data from the analyte sensor system via a first communication protocol; retransmitting the data via a second communication protocol to a second device accessible to a customer service representative to address a suspected malfunction of the analyte sensor system; A method comprising:

89. 89. The method of claim 88, wherein the first communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth low energy protocol.

90. 89. The method of claim 88, wherein the second communication protocol is Wi-Fi.

91. a short-term communications protocol controller configured to transmit power to the analyte sensor system when a display device is placed sufficiently close to the analyte sensor system utilizing a short-term communications protocol, thereby powering up at least a portion of the analyte sensor system; a transceiver radio configured to receive data from the analyte sensor system via a first communication protocol; one or more processors configured to cause the transceiver radio to retransmit the data via a second communication protocol to a second device accessible to a customer service representative to address a suspected failure of the analyte sensor system; A display device comprising:

92. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte concentration data, comprising: transmitting at least one of a wake-up signal and a first security code as modulated visible light to the analyte sensor system; receiving a second security code from the analyte sensor system, the second security code being encrypted using the first security code; verifying the encrypted second security code; in response to the validation, establishing a secure communication channel with the analyte sensor system; receiving analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system via the secure communication channel; A method comprising:

93. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein the encrypted second security code is received utilizing a different communications protocol than the modulated visible light.

94. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the communication protocol is a Bluetooth Low Energy protocol.

95. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein the analyte concentration data is received and encrypted utilizing the second security code, and the secure communication channel comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy communication channel.

96. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein the wake-up signal and the first security code are transmitted as modulated visible light utilizing a display.

97. 97. The method of claim 96, wherein the modulated visible light comprises one or more patterns of color, brightness, or contrast that are displayed on the display.

98. a display configured to transmit at least one of the wake-up signal and the first security code as modulated visible light to the analyte sensor system; a transceiver radio configured to receive a second security code from the analyte sensor system, the second security code being encrypted using the first security code; verifying the encrypted second security code; responsive to said validation, establishing a secure communication channel with said analyte sensor system; receiving analyte concentration data from the analyte sensor system via the secure communication channel; one or more processors configured to A display device comprising:

99. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte concentration data, comprising: receiving at least one of a wake-up signal and a first security code from a display device as modulated visible light; transmitting, from the analyte sensor system, a second security code encrypted using the first security code; establishing a secure communications channel with the display device; transmitting analyte concentration data over the secure communication channel; A method comprising:

100. 100. The method of claim 99, wherein the encrypted second security code is transmitted utilizing a different communications protocol than the modulated visible light.

101. The method of claim 100, wherein the communication protocol is a Bluetooth Low Energy protocol.

102. 100. The method of claim 99, wherein the analyte concentration data is transmitted and encrypted using the second security code, and the secure communication channel comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy communication channel.

103. 100. The method of claim 99, wherein the wake-up signal and the first security code are received as modulated visible light utilizing a light sensor.

104. 104. The method of claim 103, wherein the modulated visible light comprises one or more patterns of color, brightness, or contrast that are displayed on a display of the display device.

105. a light sensor configured to receive at least one of the wake-up signal and the first security code from the display device as modulated visible light; a transceiver radio configured to transmit a second security code encrypted using the first security code; Establishing a secure communication channel with the analyte sensor system; causing said transceiver radio to transmit analyte concentration data over said secure communication channel. one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

106. 1. A method for wireless communication with a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: receiving, on a first display device, an input from a user indicating a request to pair a second display device to the analyte sensor system; transmitting a first signal to the analyte sensor system indicating that the second display device has requested pairing; receiving a second signal from the second display device indicating that the user has initiated a pairing process between the second display device and the analyte sensor system; in response to receiving the second signal from the second display device, transmitting a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system to the second display device; A method comprising:

107. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the first display device comprises a smartphone and the second display device comprises a smartwatch.

108. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the second display device is configured to utilize the transmitter ID to pair with the analyte sensor system.

109. an input interface configured to receive input from a user indicating a request to pair the second display device to the analyte sensor system; a transceiver radio configured to transmit a first signal to the analyte sensor system indicating that the second indication device has requested pairing; receiving a second signal from the second display device indicating that the user has initiated a pairing process between the second display device and the analyte sensor system; In response to receiving the second signal from the second display device, causing the transceiver radio to transmit a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system to the second display device. one or more processors configured to A first display device comprising:

110. 1. A method for wireless communication with a continuous analyte sensor system, comprising: receiving one or more advertisement messages from the analyte sensor system transmitted in response to a user selection on a first display device to pair a second display device with the analyte sensor system; displaying a notification of a pairing process in response to receiving the one or more advertisement messages; in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process, transmitting a signal to the first display device indicating that the input was received from the user; receiving a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system from the first display device; establishing a secure connection with the analyte sensor system using the transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system; A method comprising:

111. 111. The method of claim 110, wherein the first display device comprises a smartphone and the second display device comprises a smartwatch.

112. 111. The method of claim 110, wherein the second display device is configured to utilize the transmitter ID to pair with the analyte sensor system.

113. a transceiver radio configured to receive one or more advertisement messages from the analyte sensor system that are transmitted in response to a selection by a user on another display device to pair the display device with the analyte sensor system; a display configured to display a notification of a pairing process in response to the transceiver radio receiving the one or more advertisement messages; and in response to receiving an input from the user to initiate the pairing process, causing the transceiver radio to transmit a signal to the other display device indicating that the input was received from the user; receiving a transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system from a first display device; Establishing a secure connection with the analyte sensor system using the transmitter ID corresponding to the analyte sensor system. one or more processors configured to A display device comprising:

114. 1. A method for wireless communication of continuous analyte concentration data, comprising: transmitting one or more first advertisement messages utilizing a first set of parameters during a predetermined communication interval if a whitelist of previously authenticated devices has at least one unfilled entry; if at least one device is on the whitelist, transmitting one or more second advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval using a second set of parameters; establishing a first communication session between the analyte sensor system and a first device and a second communication session between the analyte sensor system and a second device during the predetermined communication interval based on at least one of the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message; transmitting analyte concentration data to the first device and the second device utilizing at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session during the predetermined communication interval; A method comprising:

115. the one or more first advertisement messages advertising availability of the analyte sensor system for connection with one or more devices not currently on the whitelist; the one or more second advertisement messages advertise availability of the analyte sensor system for connection with one or more devices currently on the whitelist. The method of claim 114.

116. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the one or more first advertisement messages are transmitted after the one or more second advertisement messages.

117. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the one or more first advertisement messages are transmitted before the one or more second advertisement messages.

118. 115. The method of claim 114, further comprising not transmitting the one or more first advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval if the whitelist does not have at least one unfilled entry.

119. 115. The method of claim 114, further comprising not transmitting the one or more second advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval if no devices are currently on the whitelist.

120. 115. The method of claim 114, further comprising the step of not transmitting the one or more second advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval if, in response to the one or more first advertisement messages, all devices currently on the whitelist are connected to the analyte sensor system.

121. The first set of parameters: a first length of a first advertisement interval for transmitting the one or more first advertisement messages; a first periodic interval for transmission of the one or more first advertisement messages; and a first power for transmitting the one or more first advertisement messages; The method of claim 114, further comprising defining one or more of:

122. The second set of parameters: a second length of a second advertisement interval for transmitting the one or more second advertisement messages; a second periodic interval for transmission of the one or more second advertisement messages; and a second power for transmitting the one or more second advertisement messages. The method of claim 121, further comprising defining one or more of:

123. 123. The method of claim 122, wherein the first power for transmission of the one or more first advertisement messages is less than the second power for transmission of the one or more second advertisement messages.

124. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein both devices used by consumers and devices used by medical professionals are eligible for inclusion on the whitelist.

125. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the whitelist comprises three or more entries.

126. 1. A continuous analyte sensor system configured for wireless communication of analyte concentration data, comprising: transmitting one or more first advertisement messages utilizing a first set of parameters during a predetermined communication interval if the whitelist of previously authenticated devices has at least one unfilled entry; If at least one device is on the whitelist, then during the predetermined communication interval, transmit one or more second advertisement messages utilizing a second set of parameters. a transceiver radio configured to establishing a first communication session between the analyte sensor system and a first device and a second communication session between the analyte sensor system and a second device based on at least one of the first advertisement message and the second advertisement message; causing the transceiver radio to transmit analyte concentration data to the first device and the second device utilizing at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session during the predetermined communication interval. one or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

127. 127. The analyte sensor system of claim 126, wherein the one or more processors are configured to not cause the transceiver radio to transmit the one or more first advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval if the whitelist does not have at least one unfilled entry.

128. 127. The analyte sensor system of claim 126, wherein the one or more processors are configured to not cause the transceiver radio to transmit the one or more second advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval if no devices are currently on the whitelist.

129. 127. The analyte sensor system of claim 126, wherein the one or more processors are configured, in response to the one or more first advertisement messages, to cause the transceiver radio not to transmit the one or more second advertisement messages during the predetermined communication interval if all devices currently on the whitelist are connected to the analyte sensor system.

130. 1. A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data, comprising: establishing a first communication session with a first display device and a second communication session with a second display device, the second display device being unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time after establishing the second communication session; transmitting analyte sensor data to the first display device via the first communication session; storing the analyte sensor data for at least the period of time; responsive to the second display device being able to communicate with the analyte sensor system after the period of time, transmitting the stored analyte sensor data to the second display device using the second communication session; A method comprising:

131. establishing a first communication session with a first display device and a second communication session with a second display device; Transmitting analyte sensor data to the first display device via the first communication session. a transceiver radio configured to storage configured to store the analyte sensor data at least during a period of time after establishing the second communication session during which the second display device is unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system; one or more processors configured to, in response to the second display device being able to communicate with the analyte sensor system after the period of time, cause the transceiver radio to transmit the stored analyte sensor data to the second display device using the second communications session; A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

132. 1. A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data, comprising: establishing a first communication session between a first display device and an analyte sensor system and a third communication session between the first display device and a second display device, the second display device establishing a second communication session with the analyte sensor; receiving analyte sensor data from the analyte sensor system via the first communication session, wherein the second display device is unable to communicate with the first display device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time following establishment of the second communication session; storing the analyte sensor data for at least the period of time; responsive to the second display device being able to communicate over the third communication session after the period of time, transmitting the stored analyte sensor data to the second display device utilizing the third communication session; A method comprising:

133. establishing a first communication session with the analyte sensor system and a third communication session with a second display device, the second display device establishing a second communication session with the analyte sensor; receiving analyte sensor data from the analyte sensor system via the first communication session, wherein the second display device is unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time after establishing the second communication session; a transceiver radio configured to a memory configured to store the analyte sensor data for at least the period of time; one or more processors configured to, in response to the second device being able to communicate over the third communication session after the period of time, cause the transceiver radio to transmit the stored analyte sensor data to the second device utilizing the third communication session; A first display device comprising:

134. 1. A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data, comprising: establishing a first communication session with the analyte sensor system and a second communication session with the first display device; disabling communication with the first display device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time following establishment of the first communication session; receiving, in response to being able to communicate via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session after the period of time, analyte sensor data previously stored by at least one of the first display device and the analyte sensor system during the period of time via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session; A method comprising:

135. establishing a first communication session with the analyte sensor system and a second communication session with a first display device, the first display device being unable to communicate with the first device and the analyte sensor system for a period of time following the establishment of the first communication session; receiving, in response to being able to communicate via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session after the period of time, analyte sensor data previously stored by at least one of the first device and the analyte sensor system during the period of time via at least one of the first communication session and the second communication session. A transceiver radio configured to A first display device comprising:

136. 1. A method for communicating continuous analyte sensor data, comprising: determining that a first communication session between the analyte sensor system and the display device should be closed; delaying closing the first communication session until at least after the advertisement message has been transmitted. A method comprising:

137. 137. The method of claim 136, wherein the determination that the first communications session should be closed is made in response to the first communications session being inactive for a predetermined period of time.

138. 137. The method of claim 136, wherein the determination that the first communication session should be closed is made in response to a change in mode of the analyte sensor system.

139. 139. The method of claim 138, wherein the change in mode of the analyte sensor comprises the analyte sensor system transitioning from performing an active glucose monitoring session to terminating the active glucose monitoring session.

140. in response to the determining, preventing the first communications session from being closed based on receiving a plurality of heartbeat signals over the first communications session after the determining.

137. The method of claim 136, further comprising:

141. the plurality of heartbeat signals being spaced apart by a first interval; receiving, prior to said determining, a second plurality of heartbeat signals over said first communications session, said second plurality of heartbeat signals being spaced apart by a second interval that is longer than said first interval; 141. The method of claim 140, further comprising:

142. determining that a first communication session with the display device should be closed; delaying closing the first communication session until at least after the one or more advertisement messages have been transmitted. One or more processors configured to A continuous analyte sensor system comprising:

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