Pipe repair device and method for arranging pipe repair device

The pipe repair device with a flexible cover body, support bands, and fastening mechanism provides a durable solution to seal leaking holes in drainage pipes, addressing the limitations of existing methods by ensuring complete coverage and preventing re-leakage.

JP2025098307APending Publication Date: 2025-07-02METROPOLITAN EXPRESSWAY +5
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Patent Information

Application Number
JP2023214346
Authority / Receiving Office
JP · JP
Patent Type
Applications
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2023-12-20
Publication Date
2025-07-02

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing pipe repair methods, such as winding tape and conventional covers, fail to effectively seal leaking holes in drainage pipes due to corrosion, particularly at the L-shaped bent portions, leading to potential re-leakage and incomplete coverage.

Method used

A pipe repair device comprising a cover body with a flexible, water-blocking material, support bands, connecting members, and fastening bands that securely attach to the drainage pipe, allowing for complete coverage and sealing of leaking holes at the bent portions.

Benefits of technology

The device effectively prevents water leakage by securely covering and sealing the leaking holes, even under environmental conditions like wind and rain, ensuring long-term durability and reliability.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

To simply and easily cover a water leakage opening portion opened due to corrosion caused by, for example, retained water at an exposed portion of a drain pipe conduit for draining rainwater, and cut it off by blockage repair.SOLUTION: A pipe repair device closes an opened water leakage opening portion H in a drain pipe conduit P where an L-shaped bend is formed by an inclined part continuing to a vertical part. The pipe repair device comprises: a cover body 10 covering the water leakage opening portion H; a support band 20 attached to the vertical part of the drain pipe conduit P; a coupling member 25 coupling the support band 20 to a rear end of the cover body 10; and a fastening band 30 inserted into a front end of the cover body 10 to attach the cover body 10 to the drain pipe conduit P. The cover body 10 is composed of a cover base 11 curved in an arc shape along a contour of the drain pipe conduit P, and a flexible blocking material 15 that covers the water leakage opening portion H and has been subjected to water shielding treatment. The cover base 11 is provided with an engaging hole 12 that engages with the coupling member 25, and an insertion hole 13 into which the fastening band 30 is inserted.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to a pipe repair device and a method for installing the pipe repair device that prevent water leakage by closing and repairing open holes caused by corrosion or the like in a drainage pipe inserted through the road side strip or the like to the road surface in order to drain rainwater or the like on a highway, and enables smooth drainage guidance.

Background Art

[0002] In a highway with a bridge structure, rainwater drainage is carried out by guiding it from a drainage port provided on the road side strip through a drainage pipe P inserted through the road surface to a drainage channel disposed below the road. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drainage pipe P itself is composed of a substantially L-shaped standing conduit P1 having a vertical portion and an inclined portion protruding from the road side strip downward to the road below, and a guiding conduit P2 disposed with a slight downward inclination toward the drainage channel, which are connected via a flange portion F.

[0003] The standing conduit P1 is formed of a steel pipe, and the guiding conduit P2 is formed of a vinyl chloride pipe. Due to their strength, although their outer diameters are substantially the same, the guiding conduit P2 is formed with a thicker wall than the standing conduit P1, so that the inner diameter of the standing conduit P1 is formed to be slightly larger than that of the guiding conduit P2. Then, inside the vicinity of the flange portion F connecting these, a step is formed where the large-diameter standing conduit P1 is slightly lower between the end portion of the inclined portion of the standing conduit P1 and the start portion of the small-diameter guiding conduit P2.

[0004] As a result of such a step being formed, when rainwater or the like drained from the road falls inside the standing conduit P1 and is guided to the guiding conduit P2, although the overflow water from inside the step in front of the guiding conduit P2 flows out, the non-overflowing part temporarily stays. Then, the stagnant water corrodes the bent portion itself of the standing conduit P1, and together with the falling action of rainwater or the like, a hole is formed, and rainwater leaks from the opening to stain the road surface.

[0005] For this reason, conventionally, a waterproofing treatment has been performed by winding a repair tape around the leaking part of the opening without any gaps. In addition, leak repair using the pipe leak repair cover shown in Patent Document 1 and the pipe leak stopper cover shown in Patent Document 2 can be considered.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] However, the winding repair with tape has a possibility of re-leakage due to aging deterioration and is only a temporary repair. Also, although the covers of Patent Documents 1 and 2 are supposed to cover the periphery of the leaking part with a cover, it is necessary to arrange them covering the periphery including the leaking part of the leaking pipe. However, as described above, the leaking part is the curved part directly below the vertical part in the riser conduit. Therefore, even if a cover can be partially applied to the leaking opening part, the vertical part cannot be covered and it cannot be used.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention was created in view of the above-mentioned existing circumstances. Its purpose is to provide a pipe repair device and a method for installing the pipe repair device that can easily cover and close and repair a leaking opening part that has been penetrated by corrosion, for example, by stagnant water, at an exposed part in a drainage pipe for rainwater drainage on an expressway.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the pipe repair device according to the present invention, A pipe repair device for closing a leaking hole portion H formed by drilling in a drainage pipe P in which an L-shaped bent portion is formed by an inclined portion continuous with a vertical portion, comprising: a cover body 10 covering the leaking hole portion H generated in the bent portion of the drainage pipe P; support bands 20 and 40 attached to the vertical portion of the drainage pipe P; connecting members 25 and 50 connecting the support bands 20 and 40 and the rear end of the cover body 10; and fastening bands 30 and 60 inserted through the front end of the cover body 10 to attach the cover body 10 to the drainage pipe P. The cover body 10 can be configured by providing a closing material 15 made of a flexible material, which is subjected to a water-blocking treatment for covering the leaking hole portion H, on a cover base 11 that is curved in an arc shape along the outer shape of the drainage pipe P. The cover base 11 can be configured such that locking holes 12 for locking the lower ends of the connecting members 25 are formed by drilling in the left and right side portions at the rear end thereof, and insertion holes 13 for inserting the fastening bands 30 are formed by drilling in the left and right side portions at the front end thereof. The locking holes 12 can be formed by drilling in a long slit shape along the front-rear direction of the cover body 10. The connecting members 25 and 50 can be configured by screwing a pair of threaded bar members 27 and 52, which are formed with reverse threads so as to be locked to the support bands 20 and 40 and the cover body 10, into rotating cylinders 28 and 51. Also, in the method of disposing the pipe repair device according to the present invention, A method of disposing a pipe repair device for closing a leaking hole portion H formed by drilling in a drainage pipe P in which an L-shaped bent portion is formed by an inclined portion continuous with a vertical portion, comprising: a cover body covering step of covering the leaking hole portion H with the cover body 10; a cover body front end support fixing step of winding and attaching the fastening bands 30 and 60 inserted through the front end of the cover body 10 around the inclined portion together with the drainage pipe P; a support band attaching step of attaching the support bands 20 and 40, with the upper ends of the connecting members 25 and 50 locked in a suspended state, to the vertical portion of the drainage pipe P; and a cover body rear end support fixing step of engaging and fixing the lower ends of the connecting members 25 and 50 to the rear end of the cover body 10. In the front-end support and fixing process of the cover body, after temporarily supporting the cover body 10 once, it can be configured to be fixedly supported by moving it to a predetermined position covering the water leakage opening part H by the cover body 10. In the rear-end support and fixing process of the cover body, in the connecting members 25, 50 formed by screwing the screw rods 27, 52, which are formed with reverse threads, into the rotating cylinders 28, 51, respectively locked to the rear ends of the support bands 20, 40 and the cover body 10, the cover body 10 can be configured to be suspended and fixed to the support bands 20, 40 by the screw-turning operation of the rotating cylinders 28, 51.

[0010] In the pipe repair device according to the present invention and the method of disposing the pipe repair device configured as described above, when it is applied and attached to a bent portion of the drainage pipe P, for example, a location where a hole has been drilled and water is leaking due to corrosion by stagnant water, the water leakage opening part H is blocked to prevent water leakage and the like. The cover body 10 covers the water leakage opening part H so as to block the water leakage opening part H by the cover body covering process, and the support bands 20, 40 wound around the vertical part of the bent portion and the connecting members 25, 50 support the rear end portion of the cover body 10 in a suspended manner through the locking holes 12 thereof. Also, the front end portion of the cover body 10 is wound and attached together with the bent portion by the fastening bands 30, 60 inserted through the insertion holes 13 thereof and supported, so that the cover body 10 is attached in close contact with the water leakage opening part H. The connecting members 25, 50 lock these between the cover body 10 and the support bands 20, 40. Also, in the rear-end support and fixing process of the cover body, by the screw-turning operation of the rotating cylinders 28, 51 into which the pair of screw rods 27, 52 formed with reverse threads are screwed, the cover body 10 is lifted to the support bands 20, 40 and the cover body 10 is firmly fixed. In the front-end support and fixing process of the cover body, the cover body 10 covering the water leakage opening part H is temporarily fixed and supported by the fastening bands 30, 60 to the inclined portion of the drainage pipe P, and then the subsequent mounting of the support bands 20, 40 to the vertical portion and the linking and supporting work between the support bands 20, 40 and the cover body 10 by the connecting members 25, 50 are smoothly performed. After the process of supporting and fixing the rear end of the cover body, the cover body 10 suspended and supported by the support bands 20 and 40 and the connecting members 25 and 50 is moved forward, for example, to the front side of the inclined portion by the slit-shaped locking holes 12, and is positioned at a predetermined position of the cover body 10 in a temporarily fixed state, and then is securely fixed and supported at the water leakage prevention position by the re-winding and tightening operation of the fastening bands 30 and 60.

Effect of the Invention

[0011] Since the present invention is configured as described above, for example, at an exposed portion in a drainage pipeline for rainwater drainage on a highway or the like, it is possible to cover a water leakage opening portion H that has been opened due to corrosion, for example, by stagnant water, etc., and thus can be blocked and repaired, and water leakage and the like can be prevented.

[0012] That is, in the present invention, this is because there is provided a cover body 10 that covers the water leakage opening portion H generated in the bent portion of the drainage pipeline P, support bands 20 and 40 attached to the vertical portion of the drainage pipeline P, connecting members 25 and 50 that connect the support bands 20 and 40 and the rear end of the cover body 10, and a fastening band 30 that is inserted through the front end of the cover body 10 to attach the cover body 10 to the drainage pipeline P. The cover body 10 can cover the water leakage opening portion H, and the support bands 20 and 40, the connecting members 25 and 50, and the fastening bands 30 and 60 enable the support and attachment of the cover body 10.

[0013] In addition, the cover body 10 is provided with a closing material 15 made of a flexible material that has been subjected to a water blocking treatment to cover the water leakage opening portion H on a cover base 11 along the outer shape of the drainage pipeline P. Thus, even if the water leakage opening portion H has various shapes, it can be covered snugly accordingly, and rainwater and the like will not leak from the cover body 10 to the outside.

[0014] The support bands 20 and 40 are wound and attached to the vertical portion of the drain pipe P, and the rear end of the cover body 10, which is covered by the curved portion directly below the vertical portion, is lifted and supported by locking the connecting members 25 and 50 to the locking holes 12 at the rear end. Also, the fastening bands 30 and 60 are inserted through the insertion holes 13 on the other side of the cover body 10 and wound and attached together with the drain pipe P to support the front end of the cover body 10, so that the cover body 10 reliably covers the water leakage opening portion H and will not come off due to, for example, wind, rain or the like.

[0015] The connecting members 25 and 50 are formed by screwing a pair of threaded bars 27 and 52, which are formed with reverse threads so as to be locked to the support bands 20 and 40 and the cover body 10, into the rotating cylinders 28 and 51. By the screwing action of the rotating cylinders 28 and 51, the cover body 10 can be lifted to an appropriate position and reliably supported without causing looseness with respect to the support bands 20 and 40.

[0016] Also, a series of operations such as the temporary fixing and support of covering the water leakage opening portion H by the cover body 10 in the cover body covering process, the temporary fixing and support by the fastening bands 30 and 60 of the cover body 10 in the cover body front end support and fixing process, the hanging support of the connecting members 25 and 50 from the support bands 20 and 40 in the support band mounting process, and the support and fixing of the support bands 20 and 40 to the cover body 10 via the connecting members 25 and 50 in the cover body rear end support and fixing process can be smoothly performed.

[0017] In the cover body front end support and fixing process, after temporarily supporting the cover body 10 once, it can be moved to a predetermined position covering the water leakage opening portion H by the cover body 10 and fixed and supported by winding and attaching it again at the appropriate position, so that the water leakage opening portion H can be reliably covered by the cover body 10 and no water leakage will occur after construction.

[0018] In the process of supporting and fixing the rear end of the cover body, the upper end is locked to the support bands 20 and 40, and the lower end is locked to the cover body 10 with screw rods 27 and 52 respectively. By adjusting the support interval through the screwing operation of the rotating cylinders 28 and 51, the pressing force on the water leakage opening part H covered by the cover body 10 can be made appropriate, and since it is a screwing operation of the rotating cylinders 28 and 51, the work can be easily carried out.

[0019] In addition, the reference signs appended to each of the means for solving the above problems and the items of the effects of the invention are attached to facilitate reference to the parts of the configurations described in the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the structures, shapes, etc. shown by these descriptions, reference signs in the drawings, etc.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0021] Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, one form for implementing the present invention will be described. In the figure, reference sign 1 indicates a closing and repairing device according to the present invention for closing and repairing a water leakage opening part H in a drainage pipeline P where piping is installed to drain rainwater, etc. on a highway, for example.

[0022] Incidentally, the drain pipe P is composed of a standing conduit P1 that is connected to a drain outlet provided in the roadside strip of a highway, protrudes to the road surface, and is exposed and piped, and a guide conduit P2 that is connected to a drainage channel. The standing conduit P1 has a vertical portion piped along the vertical direction and an inclined portion connected to the guide conduit P2, and is configured in a substantially L-shape with a bent portion formed. The flange portions F formed at the end of the inclined portion, which is the end of the standing conduit P1, and the start end of the guide conduit P2 are connected to each other to form a connection structure.

[0023] And the blockage repair device 1 includes a cover body 10 that covers the leaking hole portion H generated in the bent portion of the drain pipe P, a support band 20 attached to the vertical portion of the drain pipe P, a connecting member 25 that connects the support band 20 and the rear end of the cover body 10, and a fastening band 30 that is inserted through the front end of the cover body 10 to attach the cover body 10 to the drain pipe P.

[0024] The cover body 10 is formed by providing a blocking material 15 made of a flexible material that has been subjected to a water-blocking treatment to cover the leaking hole portion H on a cover base 11 that is curved in an arc shape along the outer shape of the drain pipe P.

[0025] The cover base 11 is formed of, for example, a stainless steel material with a predetermined wall thickness. Locking holes 12 for locking the lower ends of the connecting members 25 are formed through the left and right side portions at the rear end, and insertion holes 13 for inserting the fastening band 30 are formed through the left and right side portions at the front end. These locking holes 12 and insertion holes 13 are formed in a slit shape, but as long as the connecting members 25 can be locked and the fastening band 30 can be inserted, their shapes are not particularly limited.

[0026] The insertion hole 13 is formed in a long slit shape along the front-rear direction of the cover body 10, so that even if the cover body 10 closes the leaking hole portion H in a temporarily fixed state and the rear end portion of the cover body 10 itself is supported by the support band 20 and the connecting member 25, the cover body 10 can be moved forward to a position where it abuts against the flange portion F.

[0027] The plugging material 15 is formed of, for example, a sponge material with a predetermined thickness having a water-blocking film 16 formed on its front and back surfaces. Due to its flexibility, it snugly abuts against the peripheral edges corresponding to various hole shapes of the water leakage opening portion H, covering and plugging the entire area of the water leakage opening portion H. Also, the water-blocking film 16 prevents rainwater, etc. from penetrating into the plugging material 15 itself (see Fig. 4).

[0028] The support band 20 includes a band body 21 having a length sufficient to surround and wind around the vertical portion of the drainage pipe P, specifically the standing conduit P1. At a portion where the ends of the band body 21 are overlapped, a tightening member 22 is provided to connect one end of the band end to the other by advancing and retreating operations by screw action. The screw action is such that the male thread portion of the screw inserted through the screw insertion piece standing on one end is engaged with the spiral groove formed on the other end surface to cause advancement and retreat.

[0029] The connecting member 25 is formed in a turnbuckle structure in which a pair of screw rods 27 formed with reverse threads are screwed into a rotating cylinder 28, and groove-shaped hooks 26 for locking to the support band 20 itself and the locking holes 12 formed by piercing and opening at the rear end of the cover body 10 are provided at the ends. This connecting member 25 is used symmetrically on the left and right of the drainage pipe P. One hook 26 is fitted and locked to the band body 21 of the support band 20, and the other hook 26 is locked to the locking hole 12 formed by piercing and opening in the cover base 11 of the cover body 10. By rotating the rotating cylinder 28 in a state where it is locked to the support band 20 and the cover body 10 respectively, the distance between the support band 20 and the cover body 10 can be adjusted correspondingly so that the cover body 10 can be supported in a suspended state by the support band 20.

[0030] The fastening band 30 is inserted into the left and right insertion holes 13 formed by piercing through the front end of the cover body 10 applied to the bent portion of the drainage pipe P, and is wound around the cover body 10 and the drainage pipe P. At the portion where the ends of the band body 31 are overlapped with each other so as to narrow the band body 31 after winding and connecting, a fastening member 32 is provided which connects one end of the band end to the other by a screw operation with an advancing and retreating operation. Note that this fastening band 30 can also have the same structure as the support band 20.

[0031] Next, an example of the installation method of this pipe repair device will be described. For example, a hole is opened in the bent portion of the vertical conduit P1 made of steel pipe due to corrosion in the drainage pipe P on the highway, and the blocking device of the present invention is applied and repaired to the portion where the water leakage opening portion H is formed.

[0032] First, insert the fastening band 30 through the insertion hole 13 at the front end of the cover body 10 from the outside of the cover body 10, apply the cover body 10 to the water leakage opening portion H in the drainage pipe P, and close the water leakage opening portion H (cover body covering step).

[0033] Next, wind and attach the fastening band 30 to the inclined portion of the drainage pipe P (front end support and fixation step of the cover body). At this time, the cover body 10 is in a temporarily fixed state covering the water leakage opening portion H.

[0034] On the other hand, lock the upper end of the connecting member 25 to the support band 20, combine it in a suspended state from the support band 20, and attach the support band 20 assembled with this connecting member 25 to the vertical portion of the drainage pipe P (support band attachment step).

[0035] Then, engage and fix the lower end of the connecting member 25 to the locking hole 12 at the rear end of the cover body 10, and turn the rotating cylinder 28 of the connecting member 25 by screwing to lift the cover body 10 around the support band 20 (rear end support and fixation step of the cover body).

[0036] After that, the cover body 10 itself is moved by the locking hole 12, for example, the flange portion F connected to the inclined portion is moved into the crab, and the front end of the cover body 10 is positioned by abutting against the flange portion F, so that the water leakage opening portion H is almost completely covered by the cover body 10.

[0037] If it is confirmed that the cover body 10 almost completely covers the water leakage opening portion H, the fastening band 30 attached to the front end portion of the cover body 10 is firmly wound around the drainage pipe P again and fixed by mounting. In this way, the repair work is completed by arranging the closing material 15 in close contact with the water leakage opening portion H in the drainage pipe P.

[0038] Another embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. It is a different form in the configuration of the support band 20, the connecting member 25, and the fastening band 30 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.

[0039] The support band 40 replacing the support band 20 is provided with an engaging hole 42, and a tightening member 43 for connecting and tightening the ends of the band body 41 that winds around the drainage pipe P is provided on the band body 41. The tightening member 43 is configured to connect the ends of the band body 41 by screwing a screw 44 inserted into a screw insertion portion provided at the rear end of the band body 41 into a nut 45 arranged in a nut seat swingably provided at the front end of the band body 41 so as to be able to advance and retreat.

[0040] In addition, the connecting member 50 replacing the connecting member 25 is provided with an engaging portion 53 that engages with the engaging hole 42 and the locking hole 12 provided at the rear end of the cover body 10, instead of the groove-shaped hook 26, at the ends of the screw rod members 52 screwed into the rotating cylinder body 51 in a reverse screw configuration in the same manner as the previous connecting member 25. This engaging portion 53 is formed by detachably mounting and inserting a support pin member 55 that is inserted and engaged with the engaging hole 42 and the locking hole 12 respectively into connecting pieces 54 having a sectional groove shape formed at the ends of the screw rod members 52.

[0041] Also, the fastening band 60 in this embodiment can be either of the same structure as the support band 40 or of the same structure as the fastening band 30 in the previous embodiment.

[0042] Also in this embodiment, in the same procedure as in the previous embodiment, the cover body 10 may be applied to the water leakage opening portion H and fixedly supported in a covered state.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0043] H... Water leakage opening portion P... Drainage pipeline P1... Standing conduit P2... Guide conduit F... Flange portion 1... Blocking and repairing device 10... Cover body 11... Cover base 12... Locking hole 13... Insertion hole 15... Blocking material 16... Water shielding film 20... Support band 21... Band body 22... Tightening member 25... Connecting member 26... Hook 27... Threaded rod 28... Rotating cylinder 30... Fastening band 31... Band body 32... Tightening member 40... Support band 41... Band body 42... Engaging hole 43... Tightening member 44... Screw 45... Nut 50... Connecting member 51... Rotating cylinder 52... Threaded rod 53... Engaging portion 54... Connecting piece 55... Support pin 60... Fastening band

Claims

1. A pipe repair device for closing a drilled leak opening portion in a drainage pipe in which an L-shaped bent portion is formed by an inclined portion continuous with a vertical portion, comprising: a cover body that covers the leak opening portion generated in the bent portion of the drainage pipe; a support band attached to the vertical portion of the drainage pipe; a connecting member that connects the support band and the rear end of the cover body; and a fastening band that is inserted through the front end of the cover body to attach the cover body to the drainage pipe. The pipe repair device is characterized by comprising these components.

2. The pipe repair device according to claim 1, wherein the cover body is provided with a closing material made of a flexible material subjected to a water-blocking treatment for covering the leak opening portion on a cover base that is curved in an arc shape along the outer shape of the drainage pipe.

3. The pipe repair device according to claim 2, wherein the cover base has locking holes formed therethrough for locking the lower ends of the connecting members at the left and right side portions of the rear end thereof, and insertion holes formed therethrough for inserting the fastening band at the left and right side portions of the front end thereof.

4. The pipe repair device according to claim 3, wherein the locking holes are formed as long slit-shaped holes along the front-rear direction of the cover body.

5. The pipe repair device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member is formed by screwing a pair of threaded bar members, which are formed with reverse threads so as to be locked to the support band and the cover body, into a rotating cylinder body.

6. A method for installing a pipe repair device for closing a drilled leak opening portion in a drainage pipe in which an L-shaped bent portion is formed by an inclined portion continuous with a vertical portion, comprising: a cover body covering step of covering the leak opening portion with the cover body; a cover body front end support and fixing step of winding and attaching a fastening band inserted through the front end of the cover body together with the drainage pipe around the inclined portion; a support band attaching step of attaching a support band, with the upper end of the connecting member locked in a suspended state, to the vertical portion of the drainage pipe; and a cover body rear end support and fixing step of engaging and fixing the lower end of the connecting member to the rear end of the cover body. The method for installing the pipe repair device is characterized by comprising these steps.

7. The method for installing the pipe repair device according to claim 6, wherein in the cover body front end support and fixing step, after temporarily supporting the cover body once, the cover body is fixedly supported by moving it to a predetermined position covering the leak opening portion.

8. In the step of supporting and fixing the rear end of the cover body, in a connecting member formed by screwing a screw rod member, which is formed with reverse threads, into a rotating cylinder body by locking it to each of a support band and the rear end of the cover body, the method of disposing a pipe repair device according to claim 6, wherein the cover body is suspended and fixed to the support band by a screwing operation of the rotating cylinder body.

Citation Information

Patent Citations

  • JP1987066088U

  • JP1987183191U