Capsule

Abstract

To provide a capsule containing a diacylglycerol-containing oil / fat comprising ω3 unsaturated fatty acids, wherein discoloration of the oil / fat is suppressed.SOLUTION: This capsule is obtained by encapsulating an oil / fat containing diacylglycerol at 15 mass% or more in a capsule film including a non-animal-derived component as the base, wherein at least 20 mass% of the constituent fatty acids of the diacylglycerol is ω3 unsaturated fatty acids.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a capsule formulation.

Background Art

[0002] It has been reported that ω3 unsaturated fatty acids have various physiological effects such as the effect of reducing neutral fat and the anti-allergic effect. In recent years, the use of oils and fats rich in ω3 unsaturated fatty acids has been desired. In addition, it has also been proposed to supplement ω3 unsaturated fatty acids with supplements (for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] On the other hand, it has been reported that oils and fats containing a high concentration of diacylglycerol have physiological effects such as suppressing the increase in postprandial blood triglycerides (neutral fat) and having little accumulation in the body. Patent Document 2 discloses a soft capsule formulation filled with an oil and fat composition containing 10.1 to 94.9% by weight of triglyceride, 0.1 to 30% by weight of monoglyceride, and 5 to 59.9% by weight of diglyceride in which 15 to 90% by weight of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids having less than 20 carbon atoms. Patent Document 3 proposes a soft capsule in which a gelatin film is filled with an oil and fat containing 15% by weight or more of diglyceride in which the content of ω3 unsaturated acyl groups in the constituent acyl groups is 15% by weight or more.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Gelatin is the most widely used capsule film base because of its excellent mechanical strength, film-forming ability, etc. (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 3). However, it has been found that in gelatin capsules containing diacylglycerol-containing oils and fats containing ω3 unsaturated fatty acids as capsule contents, the problem of the oils and fats coloring over time occurs. Therefore, the present invention relates to a capsule agent containing a diacylglycerol-containing oil and fat containing an ω3 unsaturated fatty acid, and provides a capsule agent in which the coloring of the oil and fat is suppressed.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present inventor has intensively studied and found that by filling a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components with a diacylglycerol-containing oil and fat containing an ω3 unsaturated fatty acid, the coloring of the oil and fat can be suppressed.

[0007] That is, the present invention provides a capsule agent in which a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components is filled with an oil and fat containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids.

Effects of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a capsule agent that contains a diacylglycerol-containing oil and fat containing an ω3 unsaturated fatty acid in the capsule contents, has little coloring of the oil and fat, and is excellent in oxidation stability.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] 〔Capsule Agent〕 The capsule agent of the present invention is formed by filling a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components with an oil and fat containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids. In the present invention, the oil and fat includes any one or more of monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol. Hereinafter, in this specification, the oil and fat containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids may be simply described as "the oil and fat of the present invention".

[0010] In the oil and fat of the present invention, the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is 20% by mass (hereinafter simply referred to as "%") or more. From the viewpoint of physiological effects, the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 25% or more, more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 40% or more, still more preferably 45% or more, still more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 52% or more. Also, from the viewpoint of oxidation stability, it is preferably 99% or less, more preferably 98% or less, still more preferably 95% or less, still more preferably 85% or less, still more preferably 80% or less, still more preferably 75% or less, still more preferably 70% or less, still more preferably 65% or less, still more preferably 60% or less, still more preferably 58% or less. The content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is 20% or more, preferably 20 to 99%, more preferably 25 to 98%, still more preferably 30 to 95%, still more preferably 40 to 85%, still more preferably 45 to 80%, still more preferably 50 to 75%, still more preferably 50 to 70%, still more preferably 50 to 65%, still more preferably 50 to 60%, still more preferably 50 to 58%, still more preferably 52 to 58%. In addition, the amount of fatty acids in this specification is the amount in terms of free fatty acids.

[0011] Examples of ω3 unsaturated fatty acids include, for example, α-linolenic acid (C18:3, ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA), and the like. Among them, from the viewpoints of physiological activity functions and ease of enjoying the effects of the present invention, at least one selected from α-linolenic acid (C18:3, ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of oxidation stability, α-linolenic acid (C18:3, ALA) is particularly preferable.

[0012] The constituent fatty acids of diacylglycerol other than the ω3 unsaturated fatty acids are not particularly limited and may be either saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids. From the viewpoints of the flavor and industrial productivity of oils and fats, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 60 to 100%, more preferably 70 to 99.8%, and still more preferably 80 to 99.5%. The carbon number of the unsaturated fatty acids is preferably 14 to 24, more preferably 16 to 22, from the viewpoint of physiological effects.

[0013] Among them, the content of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 0.4% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more, still more preferably 1% or more, and still more preferably 1.5% or more, and is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, and still more preferably 10% or less, from the viewpoint of the industrial productivity of oils and fats.

[0014] Also, the content of oleic acid (C18:1) in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more, still more preferably 7% or more, and still more preferably 10% or more, and is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less, from the viewpoint of the industrial productivity of oils and fats.

[0015] The total content of saturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less, still more preferably 15% or less, still more preferably 12% or less, still more preferably 10% or less, and also preferably 0.5% or more, from the viewpoints of appearance, physiological effects, and industrial productivity of the oil and fat. The total content of saturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 0 to 25%, more preferably 0 to 20%, more preferably 0 to 15%, still more preferably 0.5 to 12%, still more preferably 0.5 to 10%. In the present specification, the number of carbon atoms of the saturated fatty acid is preferably 14 to 24, more preferably 16 to 22. Still more preferably, it is 16, 18, or 20.

[0016] In the oil and fat of the present invention, the content of diacylglycerol is 15% or more. The content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat of the present invention is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 25% or more, still more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 60% or more, still more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 80% or more, from the viewpoints of effectively expressing the effects and physiological effects, and also preferably 99.5% or less, more preferably 98% or less, still more preferably 97% or less, still more preferably 90% or less, from the viewpoint of industrial productivity. The content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat of the present invention is 15% or more, and preferably 15 to 99.5%, more preferably 20 to 98%, still more preferably 25 to 98%, still more preferably 30 to 98%, still more preferably 50 to 97%, still more preferably 60 to 97%, still more preferably 70 to 90%, still more preferably 80 to 90%.

[0017] The oil and fat of the present invention may contain triacylglycerol, and its content is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 2% or more, still more preferably 5% or more, still more preferably 10% or more, from the viewpoint of industrial productivity of the oil and fat, and also preferably 85% or less, more preferably 80% or less, still more preferably 75% or less, still more preferably 50% or less, still more preferably 25% or less.

[0018] From the viewpoints of flavor, industrial productivity of the oil and fat, and oxidation stability, the content of monoacylglycerol in the oil and fat of the present invention is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, still more preferably 2% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, and is also preferably more than 0%. The content of monoacylglycerol in the oil and fat may be 0%.

[0019] The oil and fat of the present invention may contain free fatty acids or salts thereof as impurities. From the viewpoints of flavor and oxidation stability, the content of free fatty acids or salts thereof in the oil and fat is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 2% or less, still more preferably 1% or less, and is also preferably more than 0%. The content of free fatty acids or salts thereof in the oil and fat may be 0%.

[0020] In the oil and fat of the present invention, the fatty acids constituting the oil and fat may be the same as or different from the composition of the fatty acids constituting the above-mentioned diacylglycerol, but it is preferable that they are the same. In the present invention, from the viewpoints of effectively expressing the effects and physiological effects, the content of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting the oil and fat of the present invention is preferably 20 to 80%, more preferably 25 to 70%, still more preferably 30 to 70%, still more preferably 40 to 70%, still more preferably 45 to 70%, still more preferably 50 to 65%, still more preferably 52 to 60%. In addition, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting the oil and fat of the present invention is preferably 60 to 100%, more preferably 70 to 99.8%, still more preferably 80 to 99.5%.

[0021] The oil and fat of the present invention can be obtained by an esterification reaction of a fatty acid derived from an oil and fat and glycerin, a transesterification reaction (glycerolysis) of an oil and fat and glycerin, etc. according to a conventional method. If necessary, ordinary edible oils and fats may be mixed. The esterification reaction and the glycerolysis reaction are roughly classified into a chemical method using a chemical catalyst such as an alkali metal or its alloy, an oxide or hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, an alkoxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and an enzymatic method using an enzyme such as lipase.

[0022] In the present invention, the oil and fat (edible oil and fat) may be either vegetable oil and fat or animal oil and fat. For example, vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, adlay oil, wheat germ oil, perilla oil, linseed oil, egoma oil, chia seed oil, Sacha inchi oil, walnut oil, kiwi seed oil, salvia seed oil, grape seed oil, macadamia nut oil, hazelnut oil, pumpkin seed oil, camellia oil, tea seed oil, borage oil, palm oil, palm olein, palm stearin, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, cocoa butter, seal oil, shea butter, algal oil; animal oils such as fish oil, seal oil, whale oil, lard, beef tallow, butter fat; microbial oils such as oils derived from polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing microorganisms such as zygomycetes; or oils and fats such as their transesterified oils, hydrogenated oils, and fractionated oils. The oil and fat can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, from the viewpoint of usability, it is preferable to use a liquid oil and fat having excellent low-temperature resistance, and further, an oil and fat rich in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, for example, one or more oils and fats selected from perilla oil, linseed oil, egoma oil, chia seed oil, Sacha inchi oil, algal oil, fish oil, seal oil, whale oil, and oils derived from polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing microorganisms. The liquid oil and fat refers to an oil and fat that is liquid at 20°C when a cooling test is carried out according to the standard oil and fat analysis test method 2.3.8-27.

[0023] Fatty acids derived from fats and oils can be obtained by hydrolyzing fats and oils. Methods for hydrolyzing fats and oils include high-temperature and high-pressure decomposition methods and enzymatic decomposition methods. The high-temperature and high-pressure decomposition method is a method of adding water to fats and oils and reacting under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions to obtain fatty acids and glycerin. The enzymatic decomposition method is a method of adding water to fats and oils, using a lipase as a catalyst, and reacting under low-temperature conditions to obtain fatty acids and glycerin. The hydrolysis reaction can be carried out according to a conventional method.

[0024] After hydrolysis of fats and oils, it is preferable to separate the hydrolysis reaction product and remove solids. Separation methods include solvent separation, natural separation (dry separation), and wetting agent separation. As means for removing the precipitated solids, there are mentioned standing separation, filtration, centrifugal separation, a method of mixing an aqueous solution of a wetting agent with fatty acids and separating, etc.

[0025] The esterification reaction between fatty acids derived from fats and oils and glycerin is preferably carried out under mild conditions by an enzymatic method in terms of flavor and the like. The amount of enzyme used can be appropriately determined in consideration of the activity of the enzyme. From the viewpoint of improving the reaction rate, when using an immobilized enzyme, it is preferably 1 to 30%, more preferably 2 to 20%, based on the total mass of the esterification reaction raw materials. The reaction temperature of the esterification reaction is preferably 0 to 100°C, more preferably 20 to 80°C, still more preferably 30 to 60°C, from the viewpoints of improving the reaction rate and suppressing the inactivation of the enzyme. Also, the reaction time is preferably within 15 hours, more preferably 1 to 12 hours, still more preferably 2 to 10 hours, from the viewpoint of industrial productivity. As means for contacting fatty acids and glycerin, there are mentioned immersion, stirring, a method of passing a liquid through a column filled with immobilized lipase by a pump or the like, etc.

[0026] The transesterification reaction (glycerolysis) between fats and oils and glycerin is preferably carried out by a chemical method from the viewpoint of reactivity. The amount of the catalyst used is preferably 0.001 to 3%, more preferably 0.005 to 2%, still more preferably 0.01 to 1% based on the mass of the reaction raw material from the viewpoint of reactivity.

[0027] In the present invention, the pressure in the reaction system during the transesterification reaction is not particularly defined and can be carried out under normal pressure or reduced pressure. In the case of normal pressure, it is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity to carry out the reaction under a nitrogen stream.

[0028] After the esterification reaction or transesterification reaction (glycerolysis), a purification process usually used for fats and oils may be carried out. Specifically, processes such as distillation treatment, acid treatment, washing with water, decolorization, and deodorization can be mentioned.

[0029] It is preferable to add an antioxidant to the fats and oils of the present invention from the viewpoints of flavor, oxidation stability, suppression of coloring, etc. The addition amount of the antioxidant is preferably 0.005 to 3%, more preferably 0.04 to 2%, still more preferably 0.08 to 1%, and still more preferably 0.2 to 0.8% based on the mass of the fats and oils. The antioxidant is not particularly limited as long as it is used in foods, but at least one selected from natural antioxidants, lecithin, tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) is preferable.

[0030] In the present invention, the content of the fats and oils of the present invention in the capsule content can be appropriately selected. For example, from the viewpoints of physiological effects and easily ingesting an effective amount, it is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 2% or more, still more preferably 5% or more, and preferably 100%. When other components are contained, it is preferably 99% or less.

[0031] The capsule contents can, if desired, contain other components such as fats and oils other than those of the present invention, sweeteners, acidulants, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, pigments, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, flavors, etc. The contents of these can be appropriately set within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.

[0032] The capsule agent of the present invention has a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components. By using non-animal-derived components instead of gelatin derived from animals as the film base, even when the oil and fat of the present invention is contained as the capsule contents, coloring of the oil and fat can be suppressed. Further, the oxidation stability of the oil and fat is also high, and it also has the effect of having less odor derived from the capsule contents compared to gelatin capsules. Examples of non-animal-derived components include plant-derived, seaweed-derived, and microorganism-derived components. The non-animal-derived components are preferably plant-derived, seaweed-derived, or microorganism-derived polysaccharides. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of plant-derived components include, for example, starch, modified starch (acid-treated starch, phosphate-crosslinked starch, heat-moisture-treated starch, phosphate-crosslinked esterified starch, phosphate-crosslinked hydroxypropylated starch, acetylated starch, phosphorylated starch, octenyl succinic anhydride starch, hydroxypropylated starch, acetylated phosphate-crosslinked starch, etc.), dextrin, maltodextrin, resistant dextrin, locust bean gum, guar gum, tamarind gum, gum arabic, karaya gum, pectin, inulin, cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), etc.), glucomannan, galactan, soybean polysaccharides. Examples of seaweed-derived components include, for example, potassium alginate, sodium alginate, alginate ester, carrageenan (λ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, κ-carrageenan), agar. Examples of the components derived from microorganisms include xanthan gum, gellan gum, and pullulan. Among them, from the viewpoint of suppressing the coloring of the fats and oils of the present invention, it is preferable to use at least one selected from starch, modified starch, dextrin, gum arabic, pectin, cellulose derivatives, glucomannan, carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, potassium alginate, sodium alginate, alkyl alginate, and pullulan. More preferably, at least one selected from starch, modified starch, dextrin, carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, and pullulan is used.

[0033] The capsule agent of the present invention may be either a hard capsule or a soft capsule. From the viewpoints of airtightness and oxidation stability, a soft capsule is preferable. The shape of the capsule agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include spherical, elliptical, oblong, tube-shaped, suppository-shaped, and the like.

[0034] The content of the non-animal-derived component in the capsule film of the present invention is preferably 60% or more, and preferably 92.5% or less.

[0035] When the capsule agent of the present invention is a hard capsule, the content of the non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 86% or more, and preferably 92.5% or less.

[0036] When the capsule agent of the present invention is a soft capsule, the content of the non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 62% or more, still more preferably 63% or more, even more preferably 65% or more, and preferably 85% or less, more preferably 80% or less, still more preferably 78% or less, even more preferably 75% or less.

[0037] The capsule film may further contain, if necessary, various additives used in the capsule film, such as plasticizers (e.g., glycerin, sorbitol, erythritol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), pigments, sweeteners, preservatives, anti-adhesion agents, water activity reducing agents, pH adjusters, fragrances, water, etc. The contents thereof can be appropriately set within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention. For example, the content of the plasticizer in the capsule film is 5 to 70%, preferably 10 to 60%.

[0038] In the capsule agent of the present invention, the mass ratio [(capsule film) / (capsule contents)] between the capsule film and the capsule contents can be appropriately selected. From the viewpoints of easily ingesting an effective amount and industrial productivity, it is preferably 0.01 to 99, more preferably 0.01 to 90, more preferably 0.01 to 80, more preferably 0.02 to 60, more preferably 0.02 to 40, more preferably 0.02 to 20, more preferably 0.02 to 10, more preferably 0.05 to 10, more preferably 0.05 to 5, and still more preferably 0.1 to 5.

[0039] In the capsule agent of the present invention, the ratio [(DAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] between the content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat and the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.309 or more, and is preferably 1.47 or less.

[0040] When the capsule agent of the present invention is a hard capsule, the ratio [(DAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] between the content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat and the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.309 or more, more preferably 0.588 or more, and is preferably 0.988 or less, more preferably 0.919 or less, and still more preferably 0.876 or less.

[0041] When the capsule preparation of the present invention is a soft capsule, the ratio [(DAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.410 or more, more preferably 0.778 or more, and is preferably 1.47 or less, more preferably 1.31 or less.

[0042] In the capsule preparation of the present invention, the ratio [(ω3) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acid in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.565 or more, and is preferably 1.05 or less.

[0043] When the capsule preparation of the present invention is a hard capsule, the ratio [(ω3) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acid in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.565 or more, more preferably 0.593 or more, and is preferably 0.651 or less, more preferably 0.608 or less, still more preferably 0.602 or less.

[0044] When the capsule preparation of the present invention is a soft capsule, the ratio [(ω3) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acid in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.784 or more, more preferably 0.797 or more, and is preferably 1.05 or less, more preferably 0.805 or less.

[0045] In the capsule preparation of the present invention, the ratio [(TAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.0640 or more, and is preferably 1.12 or less.

[0046] When the capsule agent of the present invention is a hard capsule, the ratio [(TAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.144 or more, more preferably 0.155 or more, still more preferably 0.269 or more, and is preferably 0.845 or less, more preferably 0.567 or less.

[0047] When the capsule agent of the present invention is a soft capsule, the ratio [(TAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film is preferably 0.0640 or more, more preferably 0.205 or more, and is preferably 1.12 or less, more preferably 0.751 or less.

[0048] The capsule agent of the present invention can be produced according to a conventional method. For example, a hard capsule can be produced by preparing a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components, filling the oil and fat of the present invention after drying, and sealing the capsule. Also, a soft capsule can be produced by filling and molding the oil and fat of the present invention into a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components using a production method such as a rotary type (for example, rotary die type), seamless type, flat plate type, etc., and drying.

[0049] The capsule agent of the present invention can be used in various products such as pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, and foods. As foods, in addition to ordinary foods, for example, foods for specified health use and foods with functional claims that tout the physiological effects of ω3 unsaturated fatty acids and diacylglycerol can be mentioned.

[0050] 〔Second aspect of the capsule agent〕 The capsule agent of the second aspect of the present invention is filled with an oil and fat containing 15% or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids in a capsule film containing non-animal-derived components.

[0051] In the capsule preparation according to the second aspect of the present invention, the animal-derived protein in the components other than water that constitute the capsule film is preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 3%, still more preferably less than 1%, even more preferably less than 0.1%, and even more preferably substantially not contained. Here, the term "substantially not contained" in the present specification includes not only the case where no animal-derived protein is present in the capsule film but also the case where the concentration is below the detection limit.

[0052] Examples of the animal-derived protein preferably include collagen.

[0053] Regarding the specific configurations such as fats and oils, capsule contents, non-animal-derived components, additives, the mass ratio of the capsule film to the capsule contents, the ratio of the capsule film components to the fat and oil components, and the manufacturing method of the capsule preparation, they can be as described above.

[0054] 〔Method for suppressing coloring of fats and oils〕 In the method for suppressing coloring of fats and oils of the present invention, as the capsule film filled with a fat and oil containing 15% or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids, a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components or a capsule film containing non-animal-derived components may be used.

[0055] Regarding the specific configurations such as fats and oils, capsule contents, non-animal-derived components, animal-derived components, additives, the mass ratio of the capsule film to the capsule contents, the ratio of the capsule film components to the fat and oil components, and the manufacturing method of the capsule preparation, they can be as described above.

[0056] Regarding the above-described embodiments, the present invention further discloses the following aspects.

[0057] <1> A capsule preparation in which a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components is filled with a fat and oil containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids. <2> The content of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 25% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, still more preferably 40% by mass or more, still more preferably 45% by mass or more, still more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 52% by mass or more, and is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less, still more preferably 95% by mass or less, still more preferably 85% by mass or less, still more preferably 80% by mass or less, still more preferably 75% by mass or less, still more preferably 70% by mass or less, still more preferably 65% by mass or less, still more preferably 60% by mass or less, still more preferably 58% by mass or less. The capsule agent according to <1>. <3> The content of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 25 to 98% by mass, still more preferably 30 to 95% by mass, still more preferably 40 to 85% by mass, still more preferably 45 to 80% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 75% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 70% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 65% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 60% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 58% by mass, still more preferably 52 to 58% by mass. The capsule agent according to <1>. <4> The ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is at least one selected from α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <3>. <5> The content of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol is preferably 0.4% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, still more preferably 1% by mass or more, still more preferably 1.5% by mass or more, and is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, still more preferably 10% by mass or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <4>. <6> The content of oleic acid (C18:1) in the fatty acids constituting the diacylglycerol is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 7% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more, and is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <5>. <7> The content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 25% by mass or more, still more preferably 30% by mass or more, still more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 60% by mass or more, still more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less, still more preferably 97% by mass or less, still more preferably 90% by mass or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <6>. <8> The content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat is preferably 15 to 99.5% by mass, more preferably 20 to 98% by mass, still more preferably 25 to 98% by mass, still more preferably 30 to 98% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 97% by mass, still more preferably 60 to 97% by mass, still more preferably 70 to 90% by mass, still more preferably 80 to 90% by mass. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <6>. <9> The content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, still more preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more, and is preferably 85% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, still more preferably 75% by mass or less, still more preferably 50% by mass or less, still more preferably 25% by mass or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <8>. <10> The content of monoacylglycerol in the oil and fat is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, still more preferably 1.5% by mass or less, and is preferably more than 0% by mass. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <9>. <11> The content of free fatty acids or their salts in the oil and fat is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, still more preferably 1% by mass or less, and preferably more than 0% by mass, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <10>. <12> The content of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids constituting the oil and fat is preferably 20 to 80% by mass, more preferably 25 to 70% by mass, still more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, still more preferably 40 to 70% by mass, still more preferably 45 to 70% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 65% by mass, still more preferably 52 to 60% by mass, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <11>. <13> The oil and fat contains an esterification reaction of fatty acids derived from one or more oils and fats selected from perilla oil, linseed oil, perilla oil, chia seed oil, Sacha inchi oil and algal oil with glycerin, or an interesterification reaction (glycerolysis) of one or more oils and fats selected from perilla oil, linseed oil, perilla oil, chia seed oil, Sacha inchi oil and algal oil with glycerin, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <12>. <14> The oil and fat further contains an antioxidant, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <13>. <15> The addition amount of the antioxidant is preferably 0.005 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.04 to 2% by mass, still more preferably 0.08 to 1% by mass, still more preferably 0.2 to 0.8% by mass based on the mass of the oil and fat, and is the capsule agent according to <14>. <16> The antioxidant is at least one selected from natural antioxidants, lecithin, tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), etc., and is the capsule agent according to <14> or <15>. <17> The non-animal-derived component contains at least one selected from plant-derived components, seaweed-derived components and microorganism-derived components, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <16>. <18> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <16>, wherein the non-animal-derived component contains at least one selected from polysaccharides of plant-derived components, seaweed-derived components, and microorganism-derived components. <19> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <16>, wherein the non-animal-derived component contains at least one selected from starch, modified starch, dextrin, gum arabic, pectin, cellulose derivatives, glucomannan, carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, potassium alginate, sodium alginate, alginate esters, and pullulan. <20> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <19>, wherein the capsule film contains at least one or more selected from glycerin, sorbitol, erythritol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and water. <21> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <20>, wherein the capsule agent of the present invention is a hard capsule or a soft capsule. <22> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <21>, wherein the content of the non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 60% by mass or more, and preferably 92.5% by mass or less. <23> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <21>, wherein the capsule agent is a hard capsule, and the content of the non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 86% by mass or more, and preferably 92.5% by mass or less. <24> The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <21>, wherein the capsule agent is a soft capsule, and the content of the non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 62% by mass or more, still more preferably 63% by mass or more, even more preferably 65% by mass or more, and preferably 85% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, still more preferably 78% by mass or less, even more preferably 75% by mass or less. <25> The mass ratio of the capsule film to the capsule content [(capsule film) / (capsule content)] is preferably 0.01 to 99, more preferably 0.01 to 90, more preferably 0.01 to 80, more preferably 0.02 to 60, more preferably 0.02 to 40, more preferably 0.02 to 20, more preferably 0.02 to 10, more preferably 0.05 to 10, more preferably 0.05 to 5, and still more preferably 0.1 to 5, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <24>. <26> The ratio of the content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film [(DAG) / (non-animal-derived components)] is preferably 0.309 or more, and preferably 1.47 or less, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <25>. <27> The capsule agent is a hard capsule, and the ratio of the content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film [(DAG) / (non-animal-derived components)] is preferably 0.309 or more, more preferably 0.588 or more, and preferably 0.988 or less, more preferably 0.919 or less, and still more preferably 0.876 or less, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <25>. <28> The capsule agent is a soft capsule, and the ratio of the content of diacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film [(DAG) / (non-animal-derived components)] is preferably 0.410 or more, more preferably 0.778 or more, and preferably 1.47 or less, more preferably 1.31 or less, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <25>. <29> The ratio of the content of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the fatty acid constituting diacylglycerol to the content of non-animal-derived components in the capsule film [(ω3) / (non-animal-derived components)] is preferably 0.565 or more, and preferably 1.05 or less, and is the capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <28>. <30> The capsule agent is a hard capsule, and the ratio [(ω3) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acid in the fatty acid constituting diacylglycerol to the content of non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 0.565 or more, more preferably 0.593 or more, and preferably 0.651 or less, more preferably 0.608 or less, still more preferably 0.602 or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <28>. <31> The capsule agent is a soft capsule, and the ratio [(ω3) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of ω3 unsaturated fatty acid in the fatty acid constituting diacylglycerol to the content of non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 0.784 or more, more preferably 0.797 or more, and preferably 1.05 or less, more preferably 0.805 or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <28>. <32> The ratio [(TAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 0.0640 or more, and preferably 1.12 or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <31>. <33> The capsule agent is a hard capsule, and the ratio [(TAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 0.144 or more, more preferably 0.155 or more, still more preferably 0.269 or more, and preferably 0.845 or less, more preferably 0.567 or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <31>. <34> The capsule agent is a soft capsule, and the ratio [(TAG) / (non-animal-derived component)] of the content of triacylglycerol in the oil and fat to the content of non-animal-derived component in the capsule film is preferably 0.0640 or more, more preferably 0.205 or more, and preferably 1.12 or less, more preferably 0.751 or less. The capsule agent according to any one of <1> to <31>. <35> A capsule agent filled with an oil and fat containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids in a capsule film containing non-animal-derived components. <36> The capsule agent according to <35>, wherein the animal-derived protein in the components other than water constituting the capsule film is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 3% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, still more preferably less than 0.1% by mass, and even more preferably substantially not contained. <37> The capsule agent according to <36>, wherein the animal-derived protein is preferably collagen. <38> A method for suppressing coloring of the oil and fat by filling an oil and fat containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids into a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components or a capsule film containing non-animal-derived components.

Example

[0058] 〔Analysis method〕 (i) Glyceride composition of oil and fat (oil and fat a~g) Approximately 10 mg of an oil and fat sample and 0.5 mL of a trimethylsilylating agent (「Silylating agent TH」, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were added to a glass sample bottle, sealed, and heated at 70 °C for 15 minutes. To this, 1.0 mL of water and 1.5 mL of hexane were added and shaken. After standing, the upper layer was subjected to gas chromatography (GLC) for analysis. <GLC analysis conditions> (Condition) (Condition) Apparatus: Agilent 7890B (manufactured by Agilent Technologies) Column: DB-1ht 10 m × 0.25 mm × 0.2 μm (manufactured by Agilent J& W) Carrier gas: 1.0 mL He / min Injector: Split(1:50), T = 340 °C Detector: FID, T = 350 °C Oven temperature: Heat up from 80°C to 340°C at a rate of 10°C / min and hold for 15 minutes

[0059] (ii) Glyceride composition of oil and fat (oil and fat h) The oil and fat was dissolved to 1 mg / ml using a chloroform / methanol (1 / 9) mixed solvent, diluted 10-fold with methanol, and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) together with a standard sample for correction. <Standard sample> (1) For diacylglycerol: Triolein / diolein / monoolein = 5 / 80 / 15 (by weight) (2) For triacylglycerol: Triolein / diolein / monoolein = 90 / 5 / 5 (by weight) <HPLC analysis conditions> (Conditions) Apparatus: UHPLC (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) Column: L-column C8 (2.1×35 mm×5 μm) (manufactured by National Institute of Technology and Evaluation) Column temperature: 40°C Sample injection volume: 10 μL Flow rate: 0.5 mL / min Mobile phase: (A) Water / acetonitrile = 9 / 1 (B) Isopropanol

[0060]

Table 1

[0061] Detector: CAD (charged aerosol detector)

[0062] (iii) Constituent fatty acid composition of oil and fat Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared according to the "Method for Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (2.4.1.-1996)" in "Standard Oil and Fat Analysis Test Methods" edited by the Japanese Oil Chemists' Society, and the obtained oil and fat sample was measured in accordance with American Oil Chemists. Society Official Method Ce 1f-96 (GLC method). <GLC analysis conditions> Apparatus: Agilent 7890B (manufactured by Agilent Technologies) Column: CP-SIL88 50m × 0.25mm × 0.2μm (manufactured by Agilent J&W) Carrier gas: 1.0 mL He / min Injector: Split (1:50), T = 300 °C Detector: FID, T = 300 °C Oven temperature: Hold at 150 °C for 5 min → Heat at 1 °C / min → Hold at 160 °C for 5 min → Heat at 2 °C / min → Hold at 200 °C for 10 min → Heat at 10 °C / min → Hold at 220 °C for 5 min

[0063] 〔Preparation of fats and oils〕 Fats and oils a to h shown in Table 2 were prepared.

[0064]

Table 2

[0065] For fat and oil a: Refined linseed oil manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd. was used. For fat and oil b: Linseed oil manufactured by Archer-Daniels-Midland Company was hydrolyzed with an enzyme to obtain fatty acids, then cooled stepwise, and the precipitated fatty acids were separated by centrifugation. Subsequently, using immobilized 1,3-position selective lipase as a catalyst, the separated fatty acids and glycerin were subjected to an esterification reaction under reduced pressure. After filtering off the immobilized enzyme, the reaction product was subjected to molecular distillation, washed with water, and deodorized to obtain fat and oil b. For fat and oil c: Fat and oil a and fat and oil b were mixed at 70:30 to obtain fat and oil c. For fat and oil d: Fat and oil a and fat and oil b were mixed at 40:60 to obtain fat and oil d. For fat and oil e: 0.01% of tocopherol (manufactured by Nichirin Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and 0.01% of ascorbyl palmitate (manufactured by DSM) were added to fat and oil b to obtain fat and oil e. For fat and oil f: 0.1% of tocopherol and 0.1% of ascorbyl palmitate were added to fat and oil b to obtain fat and oil f. Oil g: Using high-linolenic acid flaxseed oil manufactured by Summit Essential Oils, oil was produced in the same manner as oil b. After that, 0.2% of tocopherol, 0.1% of ascorbyl palmitate, and 0.3% of rosemary extract (manufactured by Divodan) were added to obtain oil g. Oil h: 80 parts by mass of algal oil manufactured by DSM and 25 parts by mass of glycerin were mixed, and a glycerolysis reaction was carried out using calcium hydroxide as a catalyst. Thereafter, molecular distillation, acid treatment, and water washing were performed to obtain a treated oil. After deodorizing the treated oil, 0.2% of tocopherol, 0.1% of ascorbyl palmitate, and 0.3% of rosemary extract were added to obtain oil h.

[0066] Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 〔Preparation of Capsules〕 Capsule membranes having the composition shown in Table 3 were purchased and used for evaluation. 350 mg of each of the oils prepared above was filled into capsule membranes (No. 1) to obtain capsules. The obtained capsules were evaluated for color. In addition, the capsules of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were evaluated for oxidation stability. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0067]

Table 3

[0068] 〔Color Evaluation〕 (i) Sensory Evaluation Twenty capsules of each of the examples and comparative examples, five capsules each, were stored in a 10 mL glass vial at 60 °C for 3 days. After that, the color of the capsules was visually evaluated by four professional panelists according to the following criteria. The scores were determined by the agreement of the professional panel.

[0069] Color Evaluation Criteria Score 1: Almost no change from the beginning 2: Slight color change from the beginning 3: Color change from the beginning 4: Large color change from the beginning

[0070] (ii) Measurement of Gardner Color Number Twenty capsules each of the examples and comparative examples were placed in 10 mL glass vials in groups of five, stored at 60 °C for 3 days, and then the color of the oil was measured using a color difference meter (CR-5). The difference in the color tone of the oil before and after storage of the capsules was determined as the change amount, and the average of 20 samples was calculated.

[0071] 〔Evaluation of Oxidation Stability〕 Twenty capsules each of the examples and comparative examples were placed in 10 mL glass vials in groups of five, stored at 60 °C for 3 days, and then the peroxide value (POV) of the oil was measured based on Standard Oil Analysis Method 2.5.2.1. The difference in the peroxide value (POV) of the oil before and after storage of the capsules was determined as the change amount, and the average of 20 samples was calculated.

[0072]

Table 4

[0073] Example 6 and Comparative Example 4 〔Preparation of Capsules〕 350 mg of the oil prepared above was filled into capsule shells (No. 1) having the compositions shown in Table 3 to obtain capsules. The obtained capsules were evaluated for color. In addition, the oxidation stability of the capsules of Example 6 was evaluated.

[0074] 〔Evaluation of Color and Oxidation Stability〕 Groups of five capsules were stored in 10 mL glass vials at 60 °C for 2 days, and then color evaluation was performed in the same procedure as in Example 1. In addition, the peroxide value of the oil was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0075]

Table 5

[0076] Examples 7 to 15 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7 Model films a to e shown in Table 6 were prepared.

[0077]

Table 6

[0078] Model film a: The film raw materials were mixed at the ratios shown in Table 6, purified water was added, and the mixture was heated at 70 °C for 10 minutes. After heating and dissolution, it was dried in a dryer (AG-WDN) to prepare the model film a of the capsule. Model films b to e: The film raw materials were mixed at the ratios shown in Table 6, purified water was added, and the mixture was heated at 80 °C for 10 minutes. After heating and dissolution, it was dried in a dryer (AG-WDN) to prepare the model films of the capsule.

[0079] The following color evaluations were performed. In addition, the oxidation stability of Examples 7 to 15 and Comparative Examples 5 to 6 was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0080] 〔Color evaluation〕 (i) Sensory evaluation 0.5 g of the model film and 10 g of the oil were placed in a 50 mL glass vial and stored at 60 °C for 2 days. Then, the color of the oil was visually evaluated by 4 professional panelists according to the following criteria. The score was determined by the consensus of the professional panel.

[0081] Color evaluation criteria Score 1: Almost no change from the beginning 2: Slight color change from the beginning 3: Color change from the beginning 4: Large color change from the beginning

[0082] (ii) Measurement of Gardner color number In a 50 mL glass vial, 0.5 g of the model film was immersed in 10 g of the oil and stored at 60 °C for 2 days. Then, the color of the oil was measured with a color difference meter (CR-5). The difference in the color tone of the oil before and after storage was determined as the change amount.

[0083] 〔Evaluation of oxidation stability〕 In a 50 mL glass vial, 0.5 g of the model film was immersed in 10 g of the oil and fat, and after storing at 60 °C for 2 days, the peroxide value (POV) of the oil and fat was measured based on the reference oil and fat analysis method 2.5.2.1. The difference in the peroxide value (POV) of the oil and fat before and after storage was determined as the change amount.

[0084]

Table 7

[0085] As is clear from the results shown in Table 4, Table 5, and Table 7, it was confirmed that the capsule agent containing the oil and fat of the present invention in a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components had less coloring of the oil and fat compared to the capsule agent using gelatin as the film base. Further, the oxidation stability of the oil and fat of the present invention was also excellent.

[0086] Formulation Examples 1 to 14 Soft capsule films having the compositions shown in Table 8 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the oils and fats b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0087]

Table 8

[0088] Formulation Examples 15 to 20 Soft capsule films having the compositions shown in Table 9 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the oils and fats b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0089]

Table 9

[0090] Formulation Examples 21 to 40 Soft capsule films having the compositions shown in Table 10 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the oils and fats b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0091]

Table 10

[0092] Formulation Examples 41 to 45 The soft capsule film having the composition shown in Table 11 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the fats and oils b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0093]

Table 11

[0094] Formulation Examples 46 to 65 The soft capsule film having the composition shown in Table 12 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the fats and oils b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0095]

Table 12

[0096] Formulation Examples 66 to 75 The soft capsule film having the composition shown in Table 13 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the fats and oils b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0097]

Table 13

[0098] Formulation Examples 76 to 81 The soft capsule film having the composition shown in Table 14 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the fats and oils b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0099]

Table 14

[0100] Formulation Examples 82 to 86 The soft capsule film having the composition shown in Table 15 can be filled with 100 to 1500 mg of the fats and oils b to h prepared above by a conventional method to prepare soft capsules.

[0101] [Table 15]

Claims

1. A capsule agent filled with an oil and fat containing 15% by mass or more of diacylglycerol in which 20% by mass or more of the constituent fatty acids are ω3 unsaturated fatty acids, and having a capsule film based on non-animal-derived components.

2. The capsule agent according to claim 1, wherein the non-animal-derived component contains at least one selected from plant-derived components, seaweed-derived components, and microorganism-derived components.

3. The capsule agent according to claim 1, wherein the non-animal-derived component contains at least one selected from starch, modified starch, dextrin, gum arabic, pectin, cellulose derivatives, glucomannan, carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, potassium alginate, sodium alginate, alginate esters, and pullulan.

4. The capsule agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ω3 unsaturated fatty acid is at least one selected from α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

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