Control device

Abstract

To provide a control device that can accurately predict a baseline and suppress the omission of securing power resources that can be supplied when implementing DR.SOLUTION: A control device 100 controls the charging and discharging to / from a power grid 90 of a plurality of batteries 12 owned by a plurality of consumers who have indicated their participation in DR on the basis of a DR request for adjusting the power supply and demand balance in the power grid 90. The control device 100 includes: an acquisition unit 111 that acquires a usage history from each consumer; a baseline prediction unit 112 that predicts a baseline for each consumer; a baseline correction unit 113 that corrects the baseline for the current DR on the basis of information regarding discrepancies between the usage schedule included in the usage history and the actual usage status; and a selection unit 114 that selects batteries 12 from among the plurality of batteries 12 that will perform charging or discharging of power with the power grid 90 on the basis of the corrected baseline.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a control device for controlling charging and discharging to an electric power grid.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, research and development have been conducted on secondary batteries that contribute to energy efficiency in order to enable more people to access affordable, reliable, sustainable, and advanced energy.

[0003] In recent power systems, it is expected to utilize distributed power sources such as energy facilities like power generation equipment and storage batteries, rather than relying on large-scale centralized power sources such as power plants. Also, it is expected to reduce the power demand according to the power supply amount by controlling the power demand of consumers.

[0004] Regarding the control of the power demand of consumers, a business operator called an aggregator that mediates between power supply-side operators such as grid operators and consumers has emerged. When the aggregator concludes contracts with a plurality of consumers and is requested to control the power demand (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an aggregation service) from the power supply-side operator, the aggregator controls the power demand for the storage batteries of each consumer to achieve the request for the aggregation service. When the request for the aggregation service is achieved, the power supply-side operator pays a reward to the aggregator, and the aggregator pays a reward to the consumer.

[0005] Patent Document 1 discloses an aggregation device that improves the success probability of an aggregation service.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] Conventional services including Patent Document 1 had room for consideration in improving the calculation accuracy of the baseline, which is the future demand power, so as to sufficiently secure the power resources that can be supplied during the implementation period of DR (Demand Response) for adjusting the power supply-demand balance in the power grid.

[0008] The present invention provides a control device that can predict the baseline with high accuracy and suppress the omission of securing power resources that can be supplied during the implementation of DR.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The present invention is a control device that controls the charging and discharging of a plurality of power storage devices owned by a plurality of consumers who have indicated their participation in DR based on a request for DR (Demand Response) for adjusting the power supply-demand balance in the power grid, an acquisition unit that acquires a usage history including the usage schedule of the power storage device input from each consumer and the actual usage status of the power storage device of each consumer, a baseline prediction unit that predicts, for each consumer, a baseline which is the demand power assumed when there is no request for the DR, a baseline correction unit that corrects the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage status included in the usage history, and a selection unit that selects a power storage device that performs power charging and discharging with the power grid among the plurality of power storage devices based on the corrected baseline.

Effects of the Invention

[0010] According to the present invention, since the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time is corrected based on the information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule of the power storage device and the actual usage situation, the baseline can be predicted with high accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the omission of securing power resource that can be supplied during the implementation of DR.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] Hereinafter, a control device which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the accompanying drawings.

[0013] FIG. 1 conceptually shows the usage form of the system 5 in one embodiment. The system 5 includes a power storage system 1 owned or used by a plurality of consumers 40, a power generation device 80, a control device 100, and an aggregator server 180.

[0014] Each power storage system 1 includes a vehicle 10, a gateway (GW) 20, and a charging / discharging facility 30. Each vehicle 10 includes a battery 12 which is a power storage device. The vehicle 10 is, for example, an electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid vehicle. The battery 12 is a battery that supplies power for the vehicle 10 to run. The vehicle 10 may be a privately-owned vehicle, a vehicle used by an operator for business, a shared car, or the like.

[0015] The control device 100 is connected to the aggregator server 180 through the communication network 190. The control device 100 can communicate with the charging / discharging facility 30 through the communication network 190. The control device 100 controls the charging / discharging facility 30 through the communication network 190. The control device 100 communicates with the vehicle 10 through the communication network 190 and acquires various information of the vehicle 10 including the driving history of the vehicle 10 and the SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health) of the battery 12.

[0016] The gateway 20 is provided in the household 42 and can communicate with the power grid 90 and the charging / discharging facility 30.

[0017] The charging / discharging facility 30 and the power generation device 80 are connected to the power grid 90. The power generation device 80 includes, for example, a power plant operated by an electric power company. The power generated by the power generation device 80 can be supplied to the charging / discharging facility 30 through the power grid 90. The power grid 90 is, for example, a power system.

[0018] The charging / discharging facility 30 charges and discharges the battery 12 mounted on the vehicle 10 connected thereto. The charging / discharging facility 30 is provided in the household 42. When the battery 12 discharges, the power provided from the battery 12 can be consumed by the power load in the household 42 or provided to the power grid 90 through the power line arranged in the household 42. Also, the charging / discharging facility 30 can charge the battery 12 with the power received from the power grid 90.

[0019] When power is transmitted and received between the power grid 90 and the battery 12, the vehicle 10 and the charge / discharge facility 30 perform charging and discharging of the battery 12 according to the control of the control device 100. For example, when a power shortage occurs in the power grid 90, the control device 100 can transmit power from the battery 12 to the power grid 90 by instructing the vehicle 10 and the charge / discharge facility 30 to discharge the battery 12 via the gateway 20. When a power surplus occurs in the power grid 90, the control device 100 can reduce the power surplus in the power grid 90 by instructing the vehicle 10 and the charge / discharge facility 30 to charge the battery 12 via the gateway 20. In this way, the control device 100 can aggregate the plurality of batteries 12 mounted on the plurality of vehicles 10 to provide a power resource for the power grid 90.

[0020] The aggregator server 180 is, for example, a server used by a power aggregator. The aggregator server 180 conducts power transactions in the power market and the like. The control device 100 communicates with the aggregator server 180 to provide the required amount of power from the battery 12 to the power grid 90 or to receive power (i.e., charge) from the power grid 90 to the battery 12. For example, in response to a request from the aggregator server 180, the control device 100 controls the vehicle 10 and the charge / discharge facility 30 to discharge the battery 12 to provide the amount of power corresponding to the request to the power grid 90. Also, in response to a request from the aggregator server 180, the control device 100 may control the vehicle 10 and the charge / discharge facility 30 to charge the battery 12 to receive the amount of power corresponding to the request from the power grid 90. In this way, as the vehicle 10 equipped with the battery 12, the amount of power can be appropriately controlled by charging or discharging.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a block diagram of the control device 100 and the relationship between the control device 100 and other devices. The control device 100 is a device that controls the charging and discharging of a plurality of batteries 12 owned by a plurality of consumers 40 that have indicated their participation in DR to the power grid 90 based on a DR (Demand Response) request for adjusting the power supply-demand balance in the power grid 90.

[0022] The relationship between the control device 100 and other devices will be described. (1) The vehicle 10 transmits vehicle information including the driving history, the SOC of the battery 12, etc. to the control device 100. (2) The consumer 40 operates a predetermined application on the mobile terminal 50 to input the DR participation availability regarding the availability of participating in DR, the in-out plan regarding the schedule of the vehicle 10's entry and exit, etc. This in-out plan corresponds to the usage schedule of the battery 12. The mobile terminal 50 transmits the input DR participation availability, in-out plan, etc. to the control device 100.

[0023] (3) The charging / discharging facility 30 transmits the actual usage status of the battery 12 to the gateway 20, and the gateway 20 transmits the actual usage status of the battery 12 to the control device 100. (4) The control device 100 transmits the created charging / discharging plan to the gateway 20. (5) The gateway 20 gives a charging / discharging instruction to the charging / discharging facility 30. The creation of the charging / discharging plan by the control device 100 will be described later.

[0024] The control device 100 includes a processing unit 110, a storage unit 120, and a communication unit 130. The processing unit 110 is realized by an arithmetic processing device including a processor and undertakes the main processing of the control device 100. The processing unit 110 may be realized by a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an I / O, and a bus, etc. The control device 100 may be realized by a computer. The storage unit 120 is realized by including, for example, a non-volatile storage medium and stores various data, programs, etc. The processing unit 110 reads, for example, a program stored in the storage unit 120 and performs predetermined processing. The communication unit 130 realizes communication with external devices.

[0025] The processing unit 110 includes an acquisition unit 111, a baseline prediction unit 112, a baseline correction unit 113, and a selection unit 114. The acquisition unit 111 acquires a usage history including the incoming and outgoing inventory plan in (2), that is, the usage schedule of the battery 12 input from each customer 40, and the actual usage status of the battery 12 of each customer 40 in (3). The acquisition unit 111 also acquires the future usage schedule of the battery 12 input from each customer 40.

[0026] The baseline prediction unit 112 predicts a baseline, which is the demand power assumed when there is no DR request, for each customer 40. The baseline prediction unit 112 predicts the baseline based on, for example, the future usage schedule of the battery 12 input from each customer 40.

[0027] The baseline correction unit 113 corrects the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 included in the usage history acquired by the acquisition unit 111 and the actual usage status. This correction is a correction of the baseline predicted by the baseline prediction unit 112. Information regarding the deviation will be described later.

[0028] The selection unit 114 selects the battery 12 that performs charge and discharge of power with the power grid 90 among the plurality of batteries 12 based on the corrected baseline corrected by the baseline correction unit 113. The processing unit 110 creates a charge and discharge plan based on the selection of the selection unit 114.

[0029] FIG. 3 is a graph regarding the usage history during past DR implementation, and is a graph (left side) of the SOC of the battery 12 used by each of a plurality of customers 40 (here, four customers 40 are denoted as customer 40A, customer 40B, customer 40C, and customer 40D respectively), and a graph (right side) of the demand power [kW]. The dashed line is a graph of the usage schedule of the battery 12, and the solid line is a graph of the actual usage status of the battery 12. The baseline on the right side is predicted by the baseline prediction unit 112 based on the usage schedule of the battery 12 input by each customer using the mobile terminal 50 in (2) of FIG. 2.

[0030] In the usage schedule of customer 40A (dashed line), the charging and discharging facility 30 starts charging the battery 12 before the start of the DR implementation period, and ends charging simultaneously with the end of the DR implementation period, and the vehicle 10 is to be shipped out. During the charging period, the demand power also increases. Even in the actual usage status of customer 40A (solid line), the charging and discharging facility 30 starts charging the battery 12 before the start of the DR implementation period, and ends charging simultaneously with the end of the DR implementation period, and the vehicle 10 has been shipped out. Therefore, it can be said that there is no deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 and the actual usage status, at least during the DR implementation period.

[0031] In the usage schedule of customer 40B (dashed line), the charging and discharging facility 30 starts charging the battery 12 before the start of the DR implementation period, and ends charging simultaneously with the end of the DR implementation period, and the vehicle 10 is to be shipped out. During the charging period, the demand power also increases. In the actual usage status of customer 40B (solid line), the charging and discharging facility 30 starts charging the battery 12 before the start of the DR implementation period as per the usage schedule and ends charging simultaneously with the end of the DR implementation period, but the vehicle 10 is shipped out later than the usage schedule. However, it can be said that there is no deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 and the actual usage status, at least during the DR implementation period.

[0032] In the usage schedule of the consumer 40C (dashed line), the charging and discharging equipment 30 starts charging the battery 12 before the start of the DR implementation period and ends the charging after the end of the DR implementation period, and then the vehicle 10 is shipped out. During the charging period, the demand power also increases. In the actual usage situation of the consumer 40C (solid line), the vehicle 10 is shipped out in advance before the start of the DR implementation period, and at least no charging is performed during the DR implementation period. Therefore, the demand power that was supposed to be ensured during the charging period of the usage schedule cannot be ensured in the actual usage situation. Thus, at least during the DR implementation period, it can be said that there is a deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 and the actual usage situation (here, "demand power in the usage schedule" > "demand power in the actual usage situation"). In the consumer 40C, a deviation occurs between the actual demand power included in the usage history and the baseline predicted based on the usage schedule, and it can be said that the actual demand power is smaller than the predicted baseline.

[0033] In the usage schedule of the consumer 40D (dashed line), the charging and discharging equipment 30 starts charging the battery 12 at the same time as the end of the DR implementation period, and after a predetermined period has elapsed after the end of the DR implementation period, ends the charging and the vehicle 10 is shipped out. During the charging period, the demand power also increases. In the actual usage situation of the consumer 40D (solid line), the charging and discharging equipment 30 starts charging the battery 12 before the start of the DR implementation period and ends the charging at the same time as the end of the DR implementation period, and then the vehicle 10 is shipped out. Therefore, the demand power that was not supposed to be ensured during the charging period of the usage schedule can be ensured in the actual usage situation. Thus, at least during the DR implementation period, it can be said that there is a deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 and the actual usage situation (here, "demand power in the usage schedule" < "demand power in the actual usage situation"). In the consumer 40D, a deviation occurs between the actual demand power included in the usage history and the baseline predicted based on the usage schedule, and it can be said that the actual demand power is larger than the predicted baseline.

[0034] FIG. 4 is a graph regarding the usage schedule of the DR to be implemented this time, and is a graph (left side) of the SOC of the battery 12 used by each of the consumers 40A, 40B, 40C, and 40D, and a graph (right side) of the required power [kW].

[0035] In the case of consumers 40A and 40B, in the past usage history, there has been a tendency that there is no deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 and the actual usage situation, at least during the DR implementation period. Therefore, it is predicted that the required power predicted based on the usage schedule will actually occur. Thus, the baseline prediction unit 112 predicts the required power in the usage schedule of the battery 12 input by the consumers 40A and 40B as a baseline, and the baseline correction unit 113 does not correct the baseline.

[0036] In the case of consumer 40C, as described with reference to FIG. 3, there is a tendency for the delivery to be advanced from the past usage history, and there is a possibility that the required power cannot be ensured during the current DR implementation period. Thus, the baseline correction unit 113 corrects the baseline predicted by the baseline prediction unit 112, specifically, reduces the required power based on the usage schedule of the battery 12 input by the consumer 40C. As a specific example, when there is a tendency for the delivery to be advanced once every three days in the case of consumer 40C, since the reliability of the usage schedule of consumer 40C is not high, the baseline correction unit 113 corrects the baseline by multiplying the baseline by 1 / 3, which is the occurrence rate of the deviation, to reduce the baseline.

[0037] In the case of consumer 40D, as described with reference to FIG. 3, there is a tendency for the delivery to be advanced from the past usage history, and there is a possibility that the required power can be ensured contrary to the usage schedule during the current DR implementation period. Thus, since the reliability of the usage schedule of consumer 40D is not high, the baseline correction unit 113 corrects the baseline predicted by the baseline prediction unit 112, specifically, increases the required power based on the usage schedule of the battery 12 input by the consumer 40C.

[0038] In order to accurately predict the baseline in response to the occurrence of deviation, it is conceivable not to select the battery 12 of customers (specifically, customer 40C and customer 40D) with a large degree of deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage situation as the battery 12 that performs charge and discharge during the implementation of DR. However, in this case, there may be a leakage in ensuring the power resources that can be supplied during the implementation of DR.

[0039] On the other hand, according to the control device 100 of the present embodiment, based on the information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule of the battery 12 and the actual usage situation, the baseline correction unit 113 corrects the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time. Therefore, even if the battery 12 of a customer with a large degree of deviation is selected, the baseline can be predicted with high accuracy. Thus, the leakage in ensuring the power resources that can be supplied during the implementation of DR can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress the shortage of the power supply resources during the DR provision period.

[0040] Also, according to the control device 100 of the present embodiment, as described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 for customer 40C, when a deviation occurs between the actual required power included in the usage history and the predicted baseline, and the actual required power is smaller than the predicted baseline, the baseline correction unit 113 reduces the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on the occurrence rate of the deviation.

[0041] Thereby, for the battery 12 of customer 40C, where there is a high possibility that sufficient required power cannot be ensured during the DR implementation period, the baseline correction unit 113 can make the prediction of the baseline more accurate by reducing the baseline based on the occurrence rate of the deviation.

[0042] Furthermore, according to the control device 100 of the present embodiment, the baseline prediction unit 112 can predict the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time for each consumer 40 based on the usage schedule input by the consumer 40. Then, the baseline correction unit 113 can correct the baseline by weighting the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time with a reliability coefficient indicating the reliability of the usage schedule. The reliability coefficient can be set based on, for example, the occurrence rate of the deviation between the actual demand power included in the usage history and the predicted baseline. The reliability coefficients of consumers 40A and 40B are set high (for example, 1), and the reliability coefficients of consumers 40C and 40D are set low (for example, between 0 and 1).

[0043] When predicting the baseline based on the usage schedule of the battery 12, the degree of deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage situation varies greatly depending on the consumer 40, and the prediction error of the baseline can increase. According to the control device 100 of the present embodiment, since the baseline correction unit 113 corrects the baseline in consideration of the reliability coefficient indicating the reliability of the usage schedule input from the consumer 40, the baseline can be predicted with high accuracy. The reliability coefficient may be obtained based on the occurrence rate of the deviation described above, or may be obtained by other methods.

[0044] As described above, one embodiment has been described with reference to the drawings. Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to such an example. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can conceive of various modification examples or correction examples within the scope described in the claims, and it is naturally understood that they also belong to the technical scope of the present invention. Also, within the scope not departing from the gist of the invention, the components in the above-described embodiment may be arbitrarily combined.

[0045] At least the following matters are described in this specification. Although the corresponding components, etc. in the above-described embodiment are shown in parentheses, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0046] (1) A control device (control device 100) that controls charging and discharging of a plurality of power storage devices (batteries 12) held by a plurality of consumers (consumers 40A to 40D) that have indicated participation in DR (Demand Response) based on a request for DR to adjust the power supply and demand balance in the power grid (power grid 90), An acquisition unit (acquisition unit 111) that acquires a usage history including the usage schedule of the power storage device input from each consumer and the actual usage status of the power storage device of each consumer, A baseline prediction unit (baseline prediction unit 112) that predicts a baseline, which is the demand power assumed in the case where there is no request for the DR, for each consumer, A baseline correction unit (baseline correction unit 113) that corrects the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage status included in the usage history, A selection unit (selection unit 114) that selects a power storage device that performs charging and discharging with the power grid among the plurality of power storage devices based on the corrected baseline, and comprising, Control device.

[0047] In order to predict the baseline with high accuracy, it is conceivable not to select the power storage device of a consumer with a large degree of deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage status as the power storage device that performs charging and discharging during the implementation of DR. However, in this case, a leakage in securing available power resources during the implementation of DR may occur. According to (1), since the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time is corrected based on information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage status of the power storage device, the baseline can be predicted with high accuracy even if the power storage device of a consumer with a large degree of deviation is selected. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a leakage in securing available power resources during the implementation of DR. As a result, it is possible to suppress a shortage of power supply resources during the DR provision period.

[0048] (2) The control device according to (1), When a deviation occurs between the actual demand power included in the usage history and the predicted baseline, and the actual demand power is smaller than the predicted baseline, the baseline correction unit reduces the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on the rate of occurrence of the deviation. Control device.

[0049] According to (2), for the power storage devices of consumers with a high possibility that sufficient demand power cannot be ensured during the DR implementation period, by reducing the baseline based on the rate of occurrence of the deviation, the prediction of the baseline can be made more accurate.

[0050] (3) The control device according to (1) or (2), Based on the usage schedule input by the consumer, the baseline prediction unit predicts the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time for each consumer. The baseline correction unit corrects the baseline by weighting the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time with a reliability coefficient indicating the reliability of the usage schedule. Control device.

[0051] When predicting the baseline based on the usage schedule of the power storage device, the degree of deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage situation varies greatly among consumers, and the prediction error of the baseline can increase. According to (3), since the baseline is corrected in consideration of the reliability coefficient indicating the reliability of the usage schedule input from the consumer, the baseline can be predicted with high accuracy.

Explanation of symbols

[0052] 12 Battery (power storage device) 40, 40A to 40D Consumers 90 Power grid 100 Control device 111 Acquisition unit 112 Baseline prediction unit 113 Baseline correction unit 114 Selection Unit

Claims

1. A control device for controlling charging and discharging of a plurality of energy storage devices held by a plurality of consumers who have indicated participation in DR (Demand Response) based on a request for DR that adjusts the power supply-demand balance in the power grid, an acquisition unit that acquires a usage history including the usage schedule of the energy storage device input from each consumer and the actual usage status of the energy storage device of each consumer; a baseline prediction unit that predicts a baseline, which is the demand power assumed when there is no request for the DR, for each consumer; a baseline correction unit that corrects the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on information regarding the deviation between the usage schedule and the actual usage status included in the usage history; and a selection unit that selects an energy storage device that performs power charging and discharging with the power grid among the plurality of energy storage devices based on the corrected baseline. The control device.

2. The control device according to Claim 1, wherein when a deviation occurs between the actual demand power included in the usage history and the predicted baseline, and the actual demand power is smaller than the predicted baseline, the baseline correction unit reduces the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time based on the occurrence rate of the deviation. The control device.

3. The control device according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the baseline prediction unit predicts the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time for each consumer based on the usage schedule input by the consumer, and the baseline correction unit corrects the baseline by weighting the baseline in the DR to be implemented this time with a reliability coefficient indicating the reliability of the usage schedule. The control device.

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