Automated fluid management system

Abstract

To provide a fluid management system.SOLUTION: A fluid management system includes a pump configured to pump fluid through the system at a fluid flow rate. The system includes a processor including a user interface, the user interface allowing a user to input a set of system operating parameters, and the processor being configured to control the pump to maintain a target fluid flow rate based on the set of system operating parameters. The system further includes a scope device coupled to the pump to deliver fluid to a target surgical site, the scope device including an elongated shaft extending from a distal end thereof, the elongated shaft including at least one sensor, and the sensor transmitting sensor data relating to the target surgical site to the processor. The processor automatically transmits to the pump signals for adjusting the fluid flow rate based on the sensor data.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] 〔Priority Claim〕 The disclosure of the present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 521,898, filed on June 19, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 570,990, filed on October 11, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Background Art

[0002] Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) procedures require fluid circulation for several reasons. Today's surgeons deliver fluid in a variety of ways, such as by hanging a fluid bag and using gravity to deliver the fluid, filling a syringe with the fluid and injecting it manually, or using a peristaltic pump to deliver the fluid from a reservoir at a fixed pressure or flow rate. The drawbacks with these and other delivery methods are that the user has no complete knowledge of what the pressure accumulation system or anatomical structures (ureter, bladder, kidney) are experiencing, which increases the risk of harm to the patient. Careful surgeons generally circulate fluid at low pressure. However, reducing the flow rate to keep the pressure low can directly affect visualization of the surgical field because blood, thrombi, and particulate matter may not be adequately removed at low pressure. In contrast, a high irrigation flow rate can provide the desired clear visibility but may result in an overly high intra-cavity pressure. High intra-cavity pressure facilitates the absorption of bacteria and endotoxins into the blood, which can lead to postoperative fever. Other situations that may occur due to high intra-cavity pressure include fluid leakage, postoperative pain, urinary tract sepsis, and lymph node and venous backflow that can cause kidney damage.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0003] The disclosure of the present invention relates to a fluid management system. The system includes a pump configured to pump fluid at a certain fluid flow rate from a fluid source through the system, a processor including a user interface, the user interface enabling a user to input a system operating parameter set, the processor being configured to control the pump to maintain a target fluid flow range based on the system operating parameter set, and a scope device coupled to the pump for delivering fluid to a target surgical site, the scope device including an elongate shaft extending from its distal end, the elongate shaft including at least one sensor, the sensor transmitting sensor data related to the target surgical site to the processor, and the processor automatically transmitting a signal to the pump to adjust the fluid flow rate based on the sensor data.

[0004] In an embodiment, the sensor is a pressure transducer.

[0005] In an embodiment, the system includes a heating assembly configured to heat the fluid to a target temperature.

[0006] In an embodiment, the processor further includes a display screen configured to display the fluid flow rate and the sensor data in real time.

[0007] In an embodiment, when the processor detects that the fluid flow rate is outside the target fluid flow range, a visual alarm is displayed on the display screen.

[0008] In an embodiment, the scope device further includes a temperature sensor positioned on the elongate shaft.

[0009] In an embodiment, the fluid source is a fluid bag.

[0010] In an embodiment, the system includes a weight sensor for measuring the weight of the fluid bag in real time.

[0011] The disclosure of the present invention also relates to a fluid management system. The system includes a pump configured to pump fluid at a certain fluid flow rate from a fluid source through the system, a processor configured to control the pump, and a scope device coupled to the pump for delivering fluid to a target surgical site, the scope device including an elongate shaft extending from its distal end, the elongate shaft including a camera that transmits video feedback related to the target surgical site to the processor, and the processor includes image recognition software that detects variations in the video feedback and automatically transmits a signal to the pump to adjust the fluid flow rate based on the variations.

[0012] In an embodiment, the processor includes a user interface that enables a user to input a system operating parameter set.

[0013] In an embodiment, the processor includes a display screen configured to display the video feedback and the flow rate in real time.

[0014] In an embodiment, the scope device further includes a temperature sensor positioned on the elongate shaft.

[0015] In an embodiment, the system includes a heating assembly configured to heat the fluid to a target temperature.

[0016] In an embodiment, the fluid source is a fluid bag.

[0017] In an embodiment, the device includes a weight sensor for measuring the weight of the fluid bag in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0019] The present invention can be understood with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings that reference similar elements with the same reference numbers. The present invention relates to a system, method, device, and kit for the delivery of fluid with controlled flow rate and sensor feedback in a fURS procedure. Exemplary embodiments describe a modular system that includes a pump, which can be either user-controlled or automatic, a ureteroscope device such as a LithoVue® scope device having a sensor at its tip, a fluid management system, and in some embodiments, a drainage collection system. The pump system can include a heat source to heat the fluid to body temperature if desired by the user. Other exemplary embodiments describe a fluid management system kit that can include any combination of two or more of a cleaning tube system, a tool having a pressure sensor or a temperature sensor, a drainage canister, and a printed material having handling instructions regarding how to configure the storage information and the cleaning tube system. It should be noted that as used herein, the terms "proximal" and "distal" are intended to mean the direction toward (proximal) and away from (distal) the user of the device.

[0020] Figures 1-2 illustrate an exemplary modular fluid management system 10. The fluid management system 10 enables fluid flow therethrough and can be coupled to a surgical device that includes a pressure sensor, such as, for example, a LithoVue® scope device 20. In an exemplary embodiment, the device 20 further includes a temperature sensor for supplying temperature feedback to the system 10 and / or a camera for supplying visual feedback to the fluid management system 10. The fluid management system 10 further includes a fluid hanger module 100. An exemplary fluid hanger module 100 can include one or more fluid container supports, such as a fluid bag hanger 102 that supports one or more fluid bags 104 each. In some embodiments, the placement of the fluid bags 104 can be detected using a remote sensor. The fluid bag hanger 102 can receive fluid bags 104 of various sizes, such as, for example, bags from 1 liter (L) to 5 L. It will be understood that any number of fluid containers can be used. Further, depending on the procedure, fluid containers of any size can be used. The exemplary fluid management unit 100 can be mounted to a rolling stand that can include a pole 106 and / or a base 108. The base 108 can include a plurality of wheels to facilitate easy movement of the fluid management unit 100 during use. However, it will be understood that the fluid bags 104 can also be suspended from the ceiling or a midsection depending on clinical preference. The fluid bag hanger 102 can include one or more hooks 110 that extend from the pole 106 and can suspend one or more fluid bags 104. The fluid used in the fluid management system 100 can be 0.9% saline. However, it will be understood that depending on the procedure, various other fluids of various viscosities can be used.

[0021] The fluid management system 10 can include one or more user interface components such as a touch screen interface 112. The touch screen interface 112 includes a display screen 113 and can include switches or knobs in addition to the touch function. The touch screen interface 112 enables a user to input / regulate various functions of the system 10 such as, for example, flow rate, pressure, or temperature. The user can also set parameters and alarms (such as a maximum pressure alarm), the information to be displayed, and the procedure mode. The touch screen interface 112 enables the user to add, change, or interrupt the use of various modular systems within the fluid management system 10. The touch screen interface 112 can be used to switch the system 10 between an automatic mode and a manual mode for various procedures.

[0022] Figures 3-6 illustrate an exemplary touch screen interface 112. Each portion of the touch screen interface 112 can be configured to appear like a button and can provide a function similar to a physical button as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The display screen 113 can be configured to show icons 114 related to modular systems and devices included within the fluid management system 10. For example, in FIG. 3, the display screen 113 provides the user with a live video feed 116 of a target tissue / vessel / lumen from a scope device or medical device 20. The display screen 113 can further include a flow rate display 118 as shown in FIG. 5. The flow rate display 118 can be determined based on a desired threshold or known general value relative to the flow rate set by the user prior to the procedure. In some embodiments, the operating parameters can be adjusted by touching the corresponding portion of the touch screen interface 112. Further, the exemplary flow rate display 118 provides distinct low, medium, and high ranges, for example, based on the operating parameters entered by the user as well as the actual flow rate 122. The flow rate display 118 adjusts both the actual flow rate 122 and the flow rate markers on the flow rate scale 120 in real time. In this embodiment, when the flow rate enters the high range, a visual alarm 125 and / or an audible alarm can be automatically activated as shown in FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 4, a similar pressure display 119 can be provided on the display screen 113. Again, the pressure scale 123 can be determined based on parameters previously entered by the user or known general values. The display screen 113 can also display the actual pressure 121 in real time. In other embodiments, the display screen 113 can further show system power 127, the amount of fluid remaining in the fluid bag 131, and any other information that the user may determine to be advantageous during the procedure, as can be seen in FIG. 5.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the fluid management system 100 may also further include another user interface component such as a foot pedal 117, a heater interface 168, a fluid control interface 127, or other devices for manually controlling various modular systems. For example, the foot pedal 117 can be used to manually control the flow rate.

[0024] The touch screen interface 112 is operatively connected to or is integrally part of a main processing device 124 such as a computer. The main processing device 124 can be operatively connected to one or more system components such as, for example, a pump assembly, a heating assembly, and a fluid shortage management system. The main processing device 124 can perform various functions such as computing, controlling, calculating, displaying, etc. The main processing device 124 can track and store data regarding the operation of the management system 10 and its respective components. In an exemplary embodiment, the main processing device 124 includes a network communication function such as WiFi that enables the device to connect to, for example, a social area network. The main processing device 124 can receive signals from the sensors of the system 10. In an embodiment, the main processing 124 can communicate with a database for the purpose of presenting the best medical advice to the user on the display screen 113 and maintaining patient records.

[0025] The fluid management system 10 may be user-selectable between different modes based on procedures, patient characteristics, etc. For example, the different modes can include, for instance, the fURS mode, the BPH mode, the hysteroscopy mode, and the cystoscopy mode. With the mode selected by the user, the flow rate, pressure, fluid deficit, and temperature are shown to the user through the display screen. Exemplary parameters for a particular mode are predetermined and can be loaded, for example, using software on the main processing device 124. Thus, when the user selects a procedure from the initial display on the touch screen interface display screen 113, these known parameters are loaded from the processor into the various components of the fluid management system B, namely, the pump, the heating assembly, and the fluid deficit management system. The fluid management system 10 may be user-selectable between an automatic mode and a manual mode. For example, for a certain procedure, the user may wish to manually adjust the flow rate, pressure, or other parameters. With the user having selected the manual mode, for example, on the touch screen interface 112, the user can adjust the flow rate or pressure through another manual interface such as the foot pedal 117 or the fluid control interface 127.

[0026] The main processing device 124 can be configured to include visual software / image recognition software that can detect visual noise based on fluctuations in luminance (i.e., light monitor), contrast, or color pixelation. If it is determined that the image supplied to the main processing device 124 is not sufficiently clear or sharp, the fluid management system 10 increases the flow rate of the fluid to wash away debris 129 and clarify / sharpen the image. The flow rate is increased over a temporary period of time (i.e., a predetermined period) or until the field of view is considered to be sufficiently clear. This temporary increase ensures that the time during which the flow rate is increased is limited to ensure that the pressure does not exceed the safety limit. For example, the system 10 can recognize the red hue (sign of blood) as shown in FIG. 7 during cleaning and signal the peristaltic pump set 126 to increase the flow rate until the blood is removed from the field of view. Alternatively, the processor can provide a visual alert on the display screen 113 that a cloudy video image has been detected or give an audible alert to the physician or nurse. In another example, in the case where there is a lot of debris, the light reflected from the debris will substantially increase the brightness of the image. In this situation, the main processing device 124 detects this excessive brightness and signals the pump 126 to increase the flow rate to remove the debris. When the reflected light is reduced when the debris is washed away from the field of view of the visual system, the pump 126 is controlled by the main processing device 124 to reduce the flow rate. Preferably, the physician can generate a baseline level for the visibility at which he or she wishes to initiate the field-of-view clarification fluid flow and enter these parameters into the system 10 through the touch screen interface 112 before the procedure. With the baseline generated, the system 10 monitors the visual feed for variations in the video and adjusts the flow rate as needed.

[0027] To regulate the flow rate of fluid through system 10, fluid management unit 100 can include one or more pressurizing devices such as pump 126. Exemplary pump 126 can be a peristaltic pump. Pump 126 can be electrically driven and can receive power from a power line such as a wall outlet or from an external or internal power storage device such as a disposable or rechargeable battery. Peristaltic pump 126 can be operated at any desired speed sufficient to deliver fluid at a target pressure, such as, for example, from 5 mmHg to 50 mmHg. As previously described, pump 126 can be automatically adjusted based on, for example, pressure and temperature readings within the patient's body and visual feedback from scope 20. Pump 126 can be manually adjusted through, for example, foot pedal 117, touch screen interface 112, or individual fluid controller 127 (shown in FIG. 4). Fluid controller 127 can be an individual user interface that includes buttons that allow the user to increase or decrease each individual pump 126. It will be understood that any number of pumps can be used. In an embodiment, system 10 can include multiple pumps having different flow functions. A flow meter is positioned either before or after the pump.

[0028] In this embodiment, the flow rate of fluid at any given time is displayed on display screen 113 for OR visualization of any variations. If the OR staff notices any flow rate variations that are either overly high or overly low, the user can manually adjust and return the flow rate to a preferred level. This can occur, for example, when a physician inserts or removes a tool within the working channel of scope 20. System 10 can monitor and automatically adjust the flow rate based on pre-set parameters as previously described. This feature can also be beneficial when the flow is manually supplied, such as when an assistant injects a cleaning fluid with a syringe.

[0029] As described above, in the embodiment, system 10 can include vision software or image recognition and analysis software. In this embodiment, system 10 can detect whether a tool is inserted and which tool is being used by a camera 128 positioned on the in-body scope 20. The tool can have a distinguishable marker that vision software can view to, for example, notify which type of tool is being used. Next, the fluid management system 10 can automatically adjust the flow rate based on the tool identified by the vision software. When the tool retracts from the working channel, the fluid management system 10 correspondingly reduces the pump flow rate.

[0030] In another embodiment, system 10 automatically adjusts the flow rate based on the pressure and / or temperature detected within the patient's body. The pressure and / or temperature can be sequentially measured by a tool such as scope 20 used in conjunction with system 10. System 10 can include pressure monitor software such that the user can configure the pump 126 for the system 10 to automatically start, stop, and / or adjust the speed of the pump to maintain the fluid pressure delivered to the surgical site within a target pressure and / or a predetermined pressure band. For example, the scope pressure sensor can detect the pressure inside the kidney and automatically change the flow rate within system 10 based on the internal pressure being monitored. When the internal pressure is excessively high, system 10 will decrease the flow rate, and vice versa. In an exemplary temperature control mode, as described in more detail below, system 10 can include temperature monitor software such that the system 10 can control (e.g., start, stop, and adjust the temperature of) a heater to maintain the fluid temperature delivered to the surgical site within approximately a target temperature and / or a predetermined temperature-pressure band. For example, the temperature can be monitored in vivo or ex vivo, and the flow of the fluid can be changed based on the supplied temperature feedback. In an exemplary embodiment, system 10 can compare the temperature and pressure sensed within the kidney to known values and provide a warning when the parameters are outside of a predetermined safety zone. The warning can be a visual warning or an audible warning.

[0031] In an embodiment, the system 10 can monitor the movement of a target structure, such as a kidney stone, for example. The system can calculate the movement speed based on the original and new positions of the stone. When the movement exceeds a predetermined threshold, the user can be warned to manually adjust the flow rate of the system. As described above, the flow rate can be manually adjusted through the foot pedal 117, the touch screen interface 112, or the pump interface. In an embodiment, when the system 10 is in the automatic mode, the system 10 can automatically adjust the cleaning flow as needed. This function can be very beneficial during procedures such as lithotripsy to control the backward propulsion of the stone.

[0032] The scope device 20 can be, for example, a ureteroscope such as the LithoVue (registered trademark) scope as shown in FIGS. 9 - 10. The LithoVue (registered trademark) scope is lighter than many existing models and reduces the workload of clinicians. The scope 20 delivers fluid from the fluid management system 10 through the scope shaft 169 to the target tissue. The scope 20 is connected to the fluid management system 10 through a supply line (i.e., a tube) as described above. The supply line from the fluid management system 10 to the scope 20 is preferably formed of a material that helps dampen the peristaltic motion generated by the pump 126. As shown in FIG. 9, the scope 20 can include a pressure transducer 170 at the distal tip of the scope shaft 169, for example, to measure the pressure within the kidney. The scope 20 can include other sensors such as, for example, a temperature sensor. In an exemplary embodiment, the distal end 172 of the scope 20 can include at least one camera 128 to provide a visual feed to the user on the display screen 113. In another embodiment, the scope 20 can include two cameras 128 having different communication requirements so that different information can be communicated to the user by each camera 128. In this embodiment, the user can intentionally switch between these cameras 128 alternately via the touch screen interface 112. The scope 20 includes a handle 174. The handle 174 can have a fluid flow on / off switch 176 that enables the user to control when fluid flows through the scope 20 and into the patient's body. The handle 174 can further include other buttons 177 that perform various other functions. For example, in one embodiment, the scope handle 174 can include a button for controlling the temperature of the scope or the fluid. In another embodiment, the scope handle 174 can include a laser so that the user can emit laser energy. In an exemplary embodiment, the laser can be a Lumenis laser or a StarMed Tech laser. "A laser fiber can be connected to the laser system and inserted through the ureteroscope working channel."The user can emit a laser such that energy is emitted from the tip of the laser fiber and hits the debris / stones to break them. In an exemplary embodiment including a laser button on the scope, a communication line (i.e., wired or wireless) between the laser system and the scope is maintained. This exemplary embodiment describes a ureteroscope, but it will be understood that the features detailed above can be directly incorporated into virtually any device having a cystoscope, hysteroscope, or imaging function. The scope 20 can include a drainage port 178 that can be connected to a drainage system described in more detail below.

[0033] The fluid management system 10 can include a fluid shortage monitoring system 130. In an exemplary embodiment, the fluid shortage monitoring system 130 monitors the amount of fluid (i.e., saline solution) in the fluid bag 104 by weight. In this embodiment, a weight sensor 132, such as a scale, is suspended from the hook 110. The weight sensor 132 can further include a hook 134 from which one or more fluid bags 104 are suspended. The weight sensor 132 determines the weight of the fluid bag 104 attached to the hanger module 100 and compares the initial amount of fluid in the fluid bag 104 with the current amount of fluid remaining in the fluid bag 104. As shown in FIGS. 4-5, the scale readings are presented to the user on the display screen 113. As the procedure progresses, the scale readings are updated in real time to inform the physician of how much fluid remains in the fluid bag 104, and then this amount can be used to determine the amount of fluid infused into the patient. In an exemplary embodiment, the system 10 provides the amount of time remaining until a new bag is needed based on the weight of the bag 104 and the rate at which the bag 104 is emptying, i.e., the flow rate. In another embodiment, the amount of remaining fluid can be shown as a fluid shortage bar 131, as seen in FIG. 6. For example, an alarm can be shown on the display screen 113 along with an audible signal when 10% of the saline solution remains in the bag 104. In an exemplary embodiment, the weight sensor 132 can be connected to the display screen 113 via a WiFi signal. In another exemplary embodiment, the weight sensor 132 can be connected to the display screen 113 via a wired connection.

[0034] In another exemplary embodiment, the fluid deficit monitoring system 130 can include a pressure sensor connected in series between the fluid bag 104 and the device 20. In this embodiment, the pressure is determined based on the height of the fluid bag 104. The amount of hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bag is empty. When the pressure is less than a threshold value set by the user, an alarm is indicated on the display screen 113 and an audible signal is emitted. In another exemplary embodiment, the fluid deficit monitoring system 130 can be set to a specific flow rate based on the amount of time elapsed. A physician can input the bag fluid volume into the system 10, and then the system 10 calculates the amount of fluid already used and how much remains based on the known flow rate and the amount of time the system 10 has been in use.

[0035] The fluid management system 10 can utilize a small-diameter pump tubing system 136 to connect to various components. The exemplary tubing system 136 for the cleaning procedure can be assumed to have a diameter less than or equal to 1 / 16 inch. However, it will be understood that the size of the tubing system may vary based on the application. The tubing system can be disposable and provided in a sterile and ready-to-use state. Different types of tubing systems can be used for different functions within the system 10. For example, one type of tubing system can be used for heating the fluid and controlling the fluid flow to the device 20, while another type of tubing system can be used for cleaning inside the body.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11-12, the fluid management system 10 can optionally include a heater assembly 138 for heating the fluid delivered to the patient. The heater assembly 138 includes a heater 140, a heater cassette 142, and a fastening mechanism 144 for the cassette 142. The exemplary cassette 142 can include a fluid inlet port 146 and a fluid outlet port 148 positioned on its side surface. Each of the fluid inlet port and the fluid outlet ports 146, 148 includes an inlet connector and an outlet connector 150, 152 respectively extending from the side surface of the cassette 142. The connectors 150, 152 may be in the form of a luer lock fitting, a valve fitting, a quick connect fitting, etc. The connectors 150, 152 connect the heater assembly 138 to other components of the fluid management system 10. For example, the fluid inlet port 146 can be connected to the pump 126 through the fluid tubing system 136, while the fluid outlet port 148 is connected to the device 20. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the cassette 142 includes an internal flow path along a channel 154 through which the fluid can flow from the inlet connector 150 to the outlet connector 152. The cassette 142 can include one flow path or multiple flow paths. When there are multiple flow paths, one or more walls 156 can separate the various fluid channels 154. The exemplary fluid channel 154 includes a horizontal section 158 and a vertical section 160, forming a complex flow path between the fluid inlet port 146 and the fluid outlet port 148. The fluid channel 154 provides a substantial amount of surface area facing the outside with respect to the internal volume and is configured to facilitate efficient heating of the fluid by the heater 140. In an exemplary embodiment, the fluid flows into the cassette 142 through the inlet port 146 and further into the lower horizontal section 158a. The fluid flows through the vertical section 160a, reverses direction, and flows through the first intermediate horizontal section 158b. The fluid thus follows the channel 154 until it flows out of the outlet port 148. The sections 158, 160 of the channel 154 are separated by the horizontal wall 156.The cassette 142 can be formed of, for example, polycarbonate or any high heat rated biocompatible plastic and can be formed as a single piece or as multiple pieces permanently joined to each other. The inlet connector and the outlet connectors 150, 152 can be integrally formed with the cassette 142 or can be separate components installed separately as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0037] The cassette 142 is coupled to the heater 140 through a fastening mechanism 144. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 11, the fastening mechanism 144 is configured as two side plates 162, between which a slot 164 extends for receiving the cassette 142. In the exemplary embodiment, the slot 164 can include a guide (not shown) to assist the user in inserting the cassette 142 into the slot 164. Once inserted into the slot 164, the side plates 162 are fastened around the cassette 142 by two knobs 166. Rotation of the knobs 166 in a first direction moves the side plates 162 closer to each other to fasten the cassette 142 in a fixed position therebetween, whereas rotation of the knobs 166 in a second direction pulls the side plates 162 apart to allow the cassette 142 to slide out of the slot 164. The fastening mechanism 144 can be attached to the pole 106 by any means, such as an adjustable pole clamp, so that the fastening mechanism 144 and the heater assembly 138 can be slid along the pole 106 to a desired location.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 11, cassette 142 is designed such that channel sections 158, 160 substantially align with heater 140 when cassette 142 is inserted into slot 164 of heater assembly 138. Heater 140 can include one or more heat sources, such as a series coil that uses electrical energy in a platen system or a fluid supply line. Heating can be specifically designed and adapted for the flow rate required in a particular application of system 10. Heater 140 can be installed in one or both of side plates 162. In an exemplary embodiment, heater 140 covers the entire inner surface area of plate 162. In another exemplary embodiment, heater 140 can be positioned only on the upper portion of one or both of plates 162. It will be understood that heater 140 can be positioned anywhere adjacent to the fluid flowing therethrough within heater assembly 138.

[0039] Heater assembly 138 can include a heater user interface 168. The heater user interface 168 can be a display screen (not shown) that simply provides a digital display of the internal temperature of the heater. In another embodiment, the user interface 168 can include temperature adjustment buttons for raising or lowering the temperature of heater 140. In this embodiment, the heater display screen (not shown) can indicate the current temperature of the heater as well as the target temperature to be reached. Note that all information output from heater assembly 138 can be sent directly to display screen 113 so that a heater user interface 168 is not required.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, a temperature sensor is mounted within the heater assembly 140 to detect the temperature of the fluid flowing through the cassette 142. The sensor can be positioned at or near the fluid inlet port 146 and the fluid outlet port 148. In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature sensor can be mounted to detect the temperature of the fluid flowing through the cassette 142 before the fluid enters into the channel 154 and after the fluid exits the fluid channel 154. In some embodiments, additional sensors can be positioned at an intermediate portion of the channel 154 to detect the progression of the temperature rise of the fluid within the cassette 142. The sensor can send any information remotely to the display screen 113 or send the information to the heater user interface display screen. In another embodiment, the sensor is wired to the heater user interface 168, and further the heater user interface 168 can remotely transmit the desired information to the system display screen 113.

[0041] The fluid management system 10 can include a waste management system 200. An exemplary waste management system can simply be a tubing system extending from a fluid waste port within the scope 20 to a drainage bag or a collection container 180. Waste collection can be through a canister on the platform or a direct feed to an alternative system. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, one or more waste collection containers or canisters 202 (five in this embodiment) can be used in combination with a vacuum pump (not shown) for sucking waste from the patient into the collection container 202. The embodiments herein show five collection containers, but it will be understood that any number of containers can be used. For example, FIG. 34 shows another exemplary embodiment using three collection containers. The tubing system 236 connects each of them linearly to each other such that the collection containers 202 are filled one by one. In particular, when the first collection container 202 is full, waste begins to flow into the subsequent collection containers and continues until each of the collection containers is full. However, one concern with this “chain” system is that the vacuum (not shown) must be stopped in order to remove and replace a full waste collection container 202 from the system. Further, the system 200 is not easily pre-piped to be installed or removed as a set when full, potentially increasing the vacuum interruption time.

[0042] FIG. 14 shows a waste management system 300 according to an alternative embodiment that addresses concerns of the "chaining" system. In this embodiment, as with waste management system 200, five collection containers 302A - 302E and a vacuum pump 304 are used. However, it will be understood that any number of collection containers can be used depending on the procedure. In this embodiment, an intermediate holding chamber 306, a two - position valve 308, and a conventional pinch valve 310 are further included in the system. The intermediate holding chamber 306 is connected to the patient, the first collection container 302A, and the two - position pinch valve 310. The pinch valve 310 is positioned between the intermediate holding chamber 306 and the first collection container 302A and can be actuated to allow or prevent the inflow of fluid waste into the first collection container 302A. The first collection container 302A is connected to the second container 302B, the second container 302B is connected to the third container 302C, and so on in succession. The vacuum pump 304 is connected, as shown in FIG. 14, to both the intermediate holding chamber 306 and the last collection container 302E through a tube system 336 and a two - position pinch valve 308 which is a Y - pinch valve. The two - position pinch valve 308 can be actuated to allow flow to either the waste collection containers 302A - 302E or the intermediate holding chamber 306.

[0043] In use, the waste fluid is pumped from the patient through the intermediate holding chamber 306 into the waste collection container 302. When the waste collection container 302 becomes full, the pinch valve 310 and the two - position valve 308 are actuated so that the connection between the patient and the waste collection container 302 is blocked, preventing the flow of waste into the collection container 302 and allowing the user to either exchange the full container for an empty one or empty the full container and return it to its original location. When this stage occurs, the intermediate holding chamber 306 collects waste from the patient until the pinch valves 308, 310 are switched back to allow flow to the collection container 302 again. Thus, system 300 allows the user to easily exchange the used collection container 302 without the need to stop the vacuum 304 or the waste flow from the patient.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 15, in an exemplary embodiment, a two-manifold waste management system 400 is shown. In this embodiment, the waste management system uses one manifold 406 for waste and the other manifold 408 for the vacuum pump 404. In particular, one tube system line 410 extends from the patient and branches into individual tubes 410A - 410E, and each of the tubes 410A - 410E extends to a corresponding one of the collection containers 402. A second tube system line 412 extends from the vacuum pump 404 and also branches into individual tubes 412A - 412E, each of which extends to a corresponding one of the collection containers 402A - 402E. In this way, both the patient and the vacuum 404 are individually and separately connected to each of the collection containers 402A - 402E. As shown in FIG. 15, a plurality of pinch valves 414A - 414E are positioned on corresponding ones of the tube system lines 410A - 410E, 412A - 412E to control the waste flow and vacuum suction to the corresponding collection containers 402A - 402E. In use, the pinch valves 414A - 414E can be actuated to stop both the vacuum pump 404 and the waste flow to the unused collection containers and control such that the flow enters only one collection container at a time. Similarly, when a collection container 402 becomes full, the corresponding pinch valve 414 is actuated to stop the vacuum and the waste flow to the full collection container, enabling the removal of the full collection container without interfering with the waste flow to other collection containers having empty space.

[0045] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary embodiment having a single manifold waste management system 402'. In this embodiment, the waste management system uses a single tube system manifold 406' that connects both the patient and the vacuum pump to each of the individual collection containers. In particular, two tube system lines 410' that extend from the patient and the vacuum pump 404' branch into individual tubes 410A' - 410E' that each extend to a corresponding one of the collection containers 402'. Similar to system 400, each collection container 402A' - 402E' has associated pinch valves 414A' - 414E' that control the flow to the corresponding collection container such that, for example, the flow can only be allowed to one collection container at a time. That is, the pinch valves can be actuated to allow or block the flow to the collection containers in any desired combination, enabling the removal of a full collection container without interfering with the waste flow to other collection containers having remaining space.

[0046] In another exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 17, the waste management system 500 includes three vacuum pumps 504 and a two-position pinch valve 506. In this embodiment, each set 502, 502' consisting of two collection containers (502A and 502B in set 502 and 502A' and 502B' in set 502') has its own vacuum pump 504. The individual collection container 502'' includes a pump 504 for the drape. The tubing line 510 extends from the patient and branches at the location of the pinch valve 506 into individual tubes 510', 510'', each of these tubes extending to a corresponding one of the collection container sets 502, 502'. That is, the first collection containers 502B, 502B' of each of the collection container sets 502 are connected to the patient through tubes 510' and 510'' respectively, while the second collection containers 502A, 502A' of each set 502 are connected to the first collection containers 502A, 502A' through tubes 511 and 511' respectively and to the vacuum pump 514 through tubes 513, 513'. The two-position pinch valve 506 is positioned between the patient and the collection container set 502 and is operated to allow the inflow of waste into only one collection container at a time. This waste flow restriction allows the replacement or emptying of a full waste collection container while the flow to the other container continues. In another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the system can be used as a two-vacuum system without drape vacuum.

[0047] In use, the components of the waste management systems 200 - 500 can be arranged in various configurations depending on the procedure to improve accessibility and functionality. In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the waste management system 200 can be mounted on the ceiling 192. It will be understood that any of the waste management systems 300, 400, 400', and 500 can be arranged using the various configurations described herein. In this embodiment, the waste collection container 202 can be fitted within the front shelf 194 and aligned with each other for reasons of easy access and removability. This ceiling mounting assembly 190 keeps the floor area, where space is restricted in the procedure, in an organized state. In another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 20, which will be explained in more detail below, the waste management system 200 can include a universal mount (not shown) to facilitate attachment to, for example, an IV pole. Further, it will be understood that the universal mount can also be used to mount the waste management system 200 to a wall mount or in a desktop configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, as can be seen in FIG. 21, the waste collection container in use can be attached to the IV pole 106 at waist height to allow for easier removal and disposal. In this embodiment, two or four waste collection containers 202 are held within each waist level assembly 196, while the standby (unused) waste collection containers 202 are located on the lower storage platform 198. In another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the waste management system can include individual modules for the waste collection containers 202, such as a floor caddy 190'. In this embodiment, the floor caddy 190' can include individual compartments 192' for each of the waste collection containers 202. However, alternatively, it will be understood that the floor caddy 190' can include a single compartment for holding all of the waste collection containers or a single disposable waste bag 196' as shown in FIG. 23. The floor caddy 190' can be rolled around as needed so as not to be obstructive within the operating room.

[0048] To optimize the ergonomics, accessibility, and functionality of the fluid management system 10, the major subsystems, components, and modules of the fluid management system 10 can be arranged in various configurations depending on the procedure. For example, the locations of the pump, saline bag, touch screen, etc. can be arranged in any configuration desirable to optimize access by the surgeon or surgical assistant depending on the procedure being performed. In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 24-34, the fluid management system 10 is configured as a vertical stack of major components and modular options on a vertical IV pole 106 having a rolling base 108. This vertical component stack reduces the width of the fluid management system 10 (i.e., the fluid management system 10 is narrower) and makes the system 10 more compact so that it can be placed in a narrow area, e.g., an operating room. In these embodiments, the pole 106 can include a bend 602 such that each of the components and modular options can be coupled to the front of the pole 106 at its lower portion without disturbing the weight distribution of the system 10.

[0049] In this embodiment, the collection container 202 is positioned in a small configuration around the bottom of the pole 106. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 24, the collection container is weighed by a weight suspension mechanism 604. The weight suspension mechanism 604 can be coupled to the pole 106 and include a plurality of individual compartments 606 for loading the collection container 202. In the embodiments of FIGS. 24 and 26, the weight suspension mechanism 604 includes five compartments 606. However, it is understood that any number of collection container compartments 606 can be used depending on the procedure and fluid waste level. Each of the compartments 606 includes a hole (not shown) into which the collection container 202 can be placed. The weight suspension mechanism 604 can include a weight sensor (not shown). In another embodiment, the individual compartments 604 can include a weight sensor (not shown) for detecting variations in the weight of the container 202 loaded within each respective compartment. In other embodiments shown in FIGS. 26-27, the collection container 202 can be loaded onto individual base plates 610. Each of the base plates 610 can include a weight sensor (not shown) for detecting variations in the weight of the collection container 202 loaded onto each respective base plate 610. In another exemplary embodiment, the collection container can be loaded into a rotating cartridge 612 as shown in FIG. 28. This cartridge 612 can be rotated manually or automatically. An additional support 614 can be added to stabilize the cartridge 612 and the collection container 202. In this embodiment, the collection containers can be weighed in groups or individually. Alternatively, changes in the level of fluid within the collection container can be monitored using an optical level sensor (not shown).

[0050] Based on the user's preferences or constraints of the available space, the display unit 616 may or may not be integrated with the vertical component stack. For example, it may be preferable to have a display unit 616 positioned on the table at a display angle different from any that can be provided when the display is coupled to the pole 106. Alternatively, in another example, by integrating the display unit 616 with the stackable components, the height of the vertical stack may increase to the extent that it no longer fits within the designated space in the operating room. In these cases, for example, in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 24 and 27, the display unit 616 is not integrated with the IV pole and is an individual display unit that will be positioned at a desired location. However, in other embodiments, as can be seen in FIGS. 25 and 28, the display unit 616 can be coupled to the upper part of the bent IV pole 106. This position of the display unit 616 at the upper part of the IV pole 106 allows for high visibility by the user and at the same time prevents the display unit 161 from being blocked by other components of the system 10. In some embodiments, multiple display screens can be used for a multiple imaging mode. For example, in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 31 and 34, the system 10 can include an operator display 618 and a surgical display 620. In this embodiment, the display screens 618, 620 can be arranged to improve visibility in the operating room. The display screens 618, 620 can be coupled to the system 10 by a swing hinge 617 to allow the user and / or support staff to move the screens to a desired angle with respect to improved visibility as shown in FIGS. 31 and 34. In another embodiment shown in FIG. 32, the operator display screen 618 can be coupled to the system 10 through a swivel hinge 619. The swivel hinge 619 is a multi-directional hinge that gives the screen a higher mobility that allows the user to more easily position the screen 618.

[0051] The positioning of the fluid saline bag 104 may also vary depending on the loading method, height, visualization, and access preferences. In some cases, it may be preferable for the fluid bag 104 to be easily visible to the user. For example, a physician may wish to check the rate at which saline is being used or the level of saline remaining in each fluid bag 104 in order to know when to replace the fluid bag 104. In another example, the procedure may require top or back access for a Y pinch valve within the tubing system. In these embodiments shown in FIGS. 24 - 28 and FIG. 34, the fluid bag 104 can be mounted on top of the IV pole. This high mounting allows the user or support staff to easily view the fluid bag 104 and at the same time allows the tubing system 136 to be suspended for easy fluid flow. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 28 where an external display is mounted on top of the IV pole, the fluid bag 104 can be positioned behind the display. This rear access allows support staff to access the fluid bag 104 from behind the system 10 without obstructing the user's access to the modular components of the system 10. In another exemplary embodiment, the fluid bag 104 can be mounted at the bottom of the modular components of the system 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 35, the fluid bag 104 can be mounted at the bottom of the pump 126. This embodiment includes optimal loading access for the user / physician and at the same time allows good visibility of the fluid bag 104. In another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 36, the fluid bag 104 can be mounted at a corner. That is, each of the fluid bags 104 can be mounted diagonally behind the modular system. This configuration provides a good loading height and rear access for the support staff to set up or replace the bag. In another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 37, the fluid bag 104 can also be mounted at a corner. However, instead of being mounted in a diagonal location as in the case of FIG. 36, the fluid bag 104 is coaxially mounted behind the modular system.Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 36, this configuration provides a good loading height and rear access for easy setup and replacement of the saline bag. In some exemplary embodiments, the saline bag hanger can be a retractable hanger. For example, the arm of the hanger can rotate / pivot inwardly to draw the bag closer to the main body. In another example, the arm itself could be telescoping. This retractable hanger allows for ease of loading and minimization of space, especially when multiple bags are suspended.

[0052] In a vertical stack embodiment, as can be seen in FIGS. 24-34, pump 126 can be organized into vertical groups, horizontal groups, or a combination thereof. That is, in a system 10 where the fluid management unit 100 includes a plurality of inflow pumps and / or outflow pumps, the pumps 126 can be organized into different groups to facilitate good fluid flow and provide different fluid flow paths and efficiencies. For example, the high / low flow outflow pumps 622 can be grouped vertically, or as shown in FIGS. 24-26 and 28, the high / low flow outflow pumps 622 can be grouped horizontally. Similarly, the high / low outflow pumps 622 can be grouped vertically with the inflow pumps 624, or aligned horizontally with the inflow pumps 624 as in the case of FIG. 27. Further, in some embodiments shown in FIGS. 27-28, the inflow / outflow pumps 624, 622 can have a symmetric layout with respect to the entire system 10 with the inflow pumps 624 separated from the outflow pumps. Alternatively, the inflow and outflow pumps 624, 622 can be positioned adjacent to each other as shown in FIGS. 24 and 26. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 24, the inflow pump 624 can be arranged in a different plane from the rest of the outflow components including the outflow pump 622. For example, the high / low outflow pumps can be positioned at the front or first side of the system, while the inflow pumps are positioned on the opposite side of the system. In an exemplary embodiment, the high / low outflow pumps are stowable or covered for proper setting. In each of the pump configurations, the connections between the pumps and the other modular components of the system 10 are grouped with the inflow and outflow pump sets.

[0053] In some embodiments of the vertical stack fluid management system 10, various additional features can be integrated. For example, in one embodiment shown in FIGS. 29-30, the system 10 can include a filter nest for a cleaning tube system extending from the patient. The filter nest is used to hold a cylindrical filter that filters the fluid so that the fluid returning from the patient can be reused and pumped back into the patient. In other exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 30-31, the system 10 can include a pinch valve to allow the user to stop the flow of saline from the fluid bag 104. In these embodiments, the fluid bag 104 is positioned directly above the remainder of the system 10 to create a direct flow path from the fluid bag, for example, to the pump system 126. In the embodiment of FIG. 30, the fluid bag hanger 102 can be tilted forward from the pole 106 so that the fluid bag 104 hangs in front of the unit, allowing for easier fluid flow and better visibility and access by the user.

[0054] In other exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 39 - 42, the fluid management system 10 can be positioned on a modular cart 630 that includes a rolling base 608. The modular cart 630 includes a pole 632 coupled to the side of the modular cart 630 and a flat and clean upper surface 634 for positioning individual modular units. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 39, the individual modular units can be stacked vertically. In particular, the collection container 202 can be positioned at the bottom of the modular cart 630 and below the plane 634. The collection container 202 can be snap - fit into a container compartment 636 that is covered with an exposed connection (not shown) for connecting the collection container to the patient and the remainder of the fluid management system 10. The fold - out touch screen 638, the inflow pump 624, and the outflow pump 622 can be positioned on the clean upper surface 634, with the inflow pump 624 and the outflow pump 622 separated by the touch screen 638. This layout is optimal for a small modular cart and the fluid management system 10. In this embodiment, the display unit 616 can be integrated into the modular cart 630 and coupled to the upper portion of the pole 632, and the fluid bag 104 can hang from the bottom of the display unit 616 for easy access by either the user or support staff. By hanging the fluid bag 104 from the display unit 616, the bag 104 is positioned at a preferred loading height. For example, a saline bag can be positioned at approximately 48 inches from the floor.

[0055] In another exemplary embodiment of the modular cart-based system shown in FIG. 40, individual modular functional units can be horizontally stacked on a clean upper surface 634. In this embodiment, poles 632 can be coupled to the sides of the modular cart 630, and the fluid bag 104 hangs from the upper part of the pole 632. A second side pole 640 for the display unit 616 is positioned on the opposite side of the cart 634. The fluid bag 104 and the display unit 616 are positioned on both sides of the modular cart 630 to balance each other and provide high stability by the modular cart 630. The inflow pump 624 and the outflow pump 622 can be arranged in a vertical group on the flat upper surface 634 having a mechanical cover (not shown) or a storage mechanism (not shown) for proper configuration. Connections (not shown) are grouped with the inflow pump 624 and outflow pump 622 sets. A touch screen 638 can be arranged on the flat upper surface 634. In this embodiment, the collection container 202 can be grouped within a covered section 642 positioned on the flat upper surface 634 as shown in FIG. 40. This raised positioning of the collection container 202 on the flat upper surface 634 allows for easier observation and replacement of the collection container 202 within the section 642.

[0056] In some cases, it may be beneficial to have a smaller modular cart configuration. For example, a smaller cart may be required when there is very little available space in the operating room. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 41, a minimal modular cart arrangement including a flat upper surface 634 and cart poles 632 can be seen. In this embodiment, the flat upper surface 634 can be positioned at about 16 inches above the floor, providing just enough space below it for the collection container 202. The collection container 202 can be grouped within a front section 636 having an exposed connection (not shown) for connecting the collection container 202 to the remainder of the fluid management system 10. The pole 632 in this embodiment is positioned at the rear center of the cart 630, and the fluid bag 104 hangs from its upper surface portion from the fluid bag hanger 102 to further enhance the stability of the cart 630 for balance reasons. All of the functional modular components, namely, the pump, touch screen, and connections, are positioned in a small arrangement on the flat upper surface 634. In particular, the inflow pump 624 and the outflow pump 622 are positioned horizontally, and the touch screen 638 is a foldable touch screen to facilitate a small cart layout. To make the cart layout as small as possible, this embodiment uses an individual external display unit 616 that can be placed anywhere else in the room.

[0057] In another exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 42, the modular cart configuration can include a plurality of stackable modules 644 that can be added or removed depending on the application. The modular cart 630 in this embodiment includes a pole 632 for suspending the fluid bag 104 and a collection container compartment 636 positioned at the bottom of the cart 630. Each of the modular devices or systems can be positioned on an individual flat upper surface 634 similar to a shelf configured to be coupled to the pole 632. For example, the touch screen 638 can be positioned on one removable flat upper surface 634, the inflow pump 624 and the outflow pump 622 can be positioned on a second flat upper surface 634, and further, the heater can be positioned on a third flat upper surface 634. This removability of the flat upper surface 634 increases the flexibility of the system 10 and allows the components of the system 10 to be exchanged depending on the patient or the procedure. Further, since the fluid can be managed on the cart 630 separately from the modular components of the system, the accessibility to the support staff is enhanced. The flat upper surface can be connected to the pole through any suitable coupling mechanism. For example, the flat upper surface can be attached to the pole using screws or mounting hardware.

[0058] The fluid management system 10 can be an open-loop system or a closed-loop system. As described above, the fluid management system 10 is a modular system that allows for the addition, replacement, or interruption of various modular components within the system 10. For example, the system 10 can be configured to include a heater assembly 138 for one application, and the heater assembly 138 can be removed for a different application. The touch screen interface 112 allows for the addition and removal of various modular items such that feedback and alerts regarding each modular item are displayed to the user on the display screen 113.

[0059] Electric power can be supplied to the fluid management system 10 by any known method, for example, through a detachable cord. In an embodiment, some components can receive power from more than one power source. For example, one or more power supply units can supply appropriate voltage and current to various electrical loads. The main processing device 124 can be protected by a backup battery in case of a power failure or accidental disconnection.

[0060] In an exemplary method of operating the fluid management system 10, a user can suspend one or more fluid bags 104 on one or more of the weight sensor hooks 134 extending from the weight sensor 132. The fluid bag 104 is connected to the peristaltic pump 126 through the tube 136. The pump 126 can be connected to the fluid flow inlet port 146 of the heater assembly 138 through another tube 136. Another tube 136 can connect the fluid outlet port 148 of the heater assembly 138 to the scope device 20. Next, the operator can set the fluid management system 10 using the touch screen interface 112, which can include steps of selecting the surgical protocol (mode), procedure type, the modular system being used, and setting fluid pressure, temperature, and flow rate set values, and / or other parameters (e.g., alarm set values, display content and / or arrangement). When the scope 20 is inserted into the target channel (i.e., bladder, ureter) inside the patient's body, the user can start the circulation of the fluid using the fluid flow on / off button 176 on the scope 20 or the touch button on the touch screen interface 112. The sensors positioned on the scope 20 supply feedback regarding the state of the anatomical structure of the target where the scope is positioned internally, and this feedback is then displayed on the display screen 113. When the user selects to put the system 10 into the automatic mode, changes in pressure, temperature, or internal visual feedback by the sensors exceeding or falling below specific set values can automatically trigger changes in the pump / flow rate. Such changes can be made, for example, to improve visualization, to wash away blood, urine, thrombus, or debris, or to compensate for low flow space in the working channel when a tool is inserted through the scope. At the same time, the user and / or the entire surgical team can be warned of this change by an audible alarm or a visual alarm. In a state where the sensors detect that the condition has normalized (i.e., an obstacle or tool has been removed), the system 10 will reduce the pump / flow rate.At any point during the procedure, the user can switch the system 10 through the touch screen interface 112 or other physical switches so that components of the system 10 such as the pump 126 can be manually adjusted. Manual adjustment can be performed using the foot pedal 117 or by touch buttons on the display screen 113.

[0061] At the same time, various other modular devices and systems such as the heater assembly 138, the pump 126, and the fluid level monitoring system 130 can provide the user with information regarding the operating conditions of each system on the display screen 113. For example, the heater assembly can display the internal temperature of the heater and the fluid flowing through the heater assembly 138. In another example, the pump 126 can supply the pump speed to the display screen, and the fluid level system can supply the amount of time remaining before the existing fluid bag 104 must be replaced, as previously explained. The user can switch the system 10 to manual mode at any time to manually control each of the modular systems.

[0062] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present devices and methods are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. For example, the disclosed fluid management system 10 can be used for various other procedures such as, for example, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, TURP, etc. That is, the system 10 is not limited to use in combination with a ureteroscope, but rather can be used in combination with other devices such as cystoscopes, hysteroscopes, or any other device having sensor and imaging capabilities.

[0063] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the inventive concept thereof. It should further be recognized that the structural features and methods associated with one embodiment can be incorporated into other embodiments. Accordingly, it is understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but rather includes modifications within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Explanation of Symbols

[0064] 10 Modular Fluid Management System 20 Scope Device 100 Fluid Management Unit 106 Pole 132 Weight Sensor

Claims

1. A fluid management system, a pump configured to pump fluid through the system from a fluid source at a certain fluid flow rate, including a user interface that enables a user to input a target pressure, and a processor configured to control the pump to maintain a target fluid flow range based on the target pressure, a scope device coupled to the pump for delivering fluid to a target surgical site, the scope device including an elongated shaft extending from its distal end, the elongated shaft including at least one sensor for transmitting sensor data related to the target surgical site to the processor, comprising, wherein the processor automatically transmits a signal to the pump to adjust the fluid flow rate based on the sensor data, a fluid management system.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a heating assembly configured to heat the fluid to a target temperature.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processor further includes a display screen configured to display the fluid flow rate and sensor data in real time.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein a visual alarm is displayed on the display screen when the processor detects that the fluid flow rate is outside the target pressure range.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the scope device further includes a temperature sensor positioned on the elongated shaft.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, configured to be used in one of a flexible ureteroscopy, hysteroscopy, or cystoscopy procedure.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a weight sensor for measuring the weight of the fluid bag in real time.

9. A fluid management system, a pump configured to pump fluid through the system from a fluid source at a certain fluid flow rate, a processor configured to control the pump, A scope device coupled to the pump for delivering fluid to a target surgical site, the scope device including an elongated shaft extending from its distal end, the elongated shaft including a camera that transmits video feedback related to the target surgical site to the processor, the scope device; including; The processor includes image recognition software for detecting variations in the video feedback and automatically transmits a signal to the pump to adjust the fluid flow rate based on the variations. A fluid management system.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the processor includes a user interface that enables a user to input a system operation parameter set.

11. The system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the processor includes a display screen configured to display the video feedback and the flow rate in real time.

12. The system according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the scope device further includes a temperature sensor positioned on the elongated shaft.

13. The system according to any one of claims 9 to 12, further including a heating assembly configured to heat the fluid to a target temperature.

14. The system according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the fluid source is a fluid bag.

15. The system according to any one of claims 9 to 14, further including a weight sensor for measuring the weight of the fluid bag in real time.

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