Power feeding structure

Abstract

To provide a power feeding structure capable of suppressing leakage of an electromagnetic wave.SOLUTION: A power feeding structure 20 includes a power transmission device 22 that is provided on a non-residential space (space V3) of a building 10 and converts electric current into electromagnetic waves and transmits them, a power reception device 24 that is provided on the non-residential space (space V2) and receives electromagnetic waves and converts them into current, and an electromagnetic wave reflection membrane body 28 that is arranged surrounding a power transmission path between the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply structure.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 below describes a building with a non-contact power supply function in which a non-contact power supply unit that generates a high-frequency magnetic field is arranged inside each panel of a building or on the back surface of each panel. In this building with a non-contact power supply function, a non-contact power receiving unit that supplies the power received from the non-contact power supply unit to DC equipment is arranged at a position facing the non-contact power supply unit.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the building with a non-contact power supply function shown in Patent Document 1 above, the non-contact power receiving unit receives power in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic induction due to the high-frequency magnetic field generated by the non-contact power supply unit. In addition to the electromagnetic induction method, such a non-contact power supply method also includes a radio wave reception method in which current is converted into electromagnetic waves and transmitted. In the radio wave reception method, the transmission distance is longer compared to the electromagnetic induction method. Therefore, if electromagnetic waves leak to an unintended location, it may affect the operation of electronic devices and the like.

[0005] In consideration of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply structure capable of suppressing electromagnetic wave leakage.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The power supply structure of the first aspect includes a power transmission device that is arranged in a non-residential space of a building and can convert current into electromagnetic waves for power transmission, a power reception device that is arranged in the non-residential space and can receive the electromagnetic waves and convert them into current, and an electromagnetic wave reflection film body that is arranged to surround the power transmission path between the power transmission device and the power reception device.

[0007] According to the power supply structure of the first aspect, electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the power transmission device arranged in the non-residential space to the power reception device. And an electromagnetic wave reflection film body is arranged to surround the power transmission path between the power transmission device and the power reception device.

[0008] Therefore, the electromagnetic waves travel toward the power reception device while being reflected by the electromagnetic wave reflection film body. Thereby, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the outside of the non-residential space can be suppressed. Also, since the dispersion of electromagnetic waves is suppressed, compared with the case where there is no electromagnetic wave reflection film body, the loss of transmitted power can be suppressed and the power supply efficiency can be increased.

[0009] The power supply structure of the second aspect is the power supply structure of the first aspect, wherein the non-residential space includes at least any one of a wall body facing the residential space, a ceiling, and a floor, and the electromagnetic wave reflection film body is arranged parallel to the power transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves.

[0010] According to the power supply structure of the second aspect, the power transmission device, the power reception device, and the electromagnetic wave reflection film body are arranged in at least any one of a wall body facing the residential space, a ceiling, and a floor. Thereby, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the residential space can be suppressed.

[0011] Also, the electromagnetic wave reflection film body is arranged parallel to the power transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves. Therefore, among the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the power transmission device, the electromagnetic waves incident on the electromagnetic wave reflection film body are easily reflected toward the power reception device. Thereby, compared with the case where the electromagnetic wave reflection film body is not parallel to the power transmission direction and the reflection direction of the electromagnetic waves is not determined, the power supply efficiency can be increased.

[0012] The power supply structure of the third aspect is the power supply structure of the first aspect or the second aspect, and in the non-residential space, a radio wave repeater is provided between the power transmission device and the power reception device, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is arranged in a strip shape on the power transmission path connecting the power transmission device, the radio wave repeater, and the power reception device.

[0013] In the power supply structure of the third aspect, a radio wave repeater is provided between the power transmission device and the power reception device in the non-residential space. Thereby, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted over a longer distance compared to the case where there is no radio wave repeater. Alternatively, the power transmission direction can be changed.

[0014] Further, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is arranged in a strip shape on the power transmission path connecting the power transmission device, the radio wave repeater, and the power reception device. For this reason, the range in which the electromagnetic waves are diffused is narrower compared to the case where the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is arranged over a wide range, for example, over the entire non-residential space. Thereby, the electromagnetic waves are efficiently transmitted to the power reception device.

[0015] The power supply structure of the fourth aspect is the power supply structure of the first aspect or the second aspect, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is arranged in the non-residential space adjacent to at least the residential space where the occupancy time of the occupant is the longest in a day.

[0016] In the power supply structure of the fourth aspect, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is arranged in the non-residential space adjacent to at least the residential space where the occupancy time of the occupant is the longest in a day. For this reason, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the residential space where the occupancy time of the occupant is the longest can be suppressed.

[0017] Note that the power supply structure of the fourth aspect may be such that in the power supply structure of any one of the first aspect to the third aspect, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is arranged in the non-residential space adjacent to at least the residential space where the occupancy time of the occupant is the longest in a day.

[0018] The power supply structure of the fifth aspect is the power supply structure of the first aspect or the second aspect, the electromagnetic wave is a microwave, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is a non-magnetic metal body having an insulating substrate surface.

[0019] In the power supply structure of the fifth aspect, microwaves are used as electromagnetic waves. Thereby, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted over a longer distance compared with the case of using electromagnetic waves with a lower frequency.

[0020] In addition, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is a non-magnetic metal body having an insulating substrate surface. Thereby, microwaves are less likely to be absorbed compared with the case of using a magnetic metal, and the power supply efficiency can also be increased.

[0021] Note that in the power supply structure of the fifth aspect, in the power supply structure of any one of the first to fourth aspects, the electromagnetic wave may be a microwave, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body may be a non-magnetic metal body having an insulating substrate surface.

Advantages of the Invention

[0022] According to the present invention, leakage of electromagnetic waves can be suppressed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0024] Hereinafter, the power supply structure 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Components denoted by the same reference numerals in each drawing mean the same components. However, unless otherwise specified in the specification, each component is not limited to one, and a plurality of them may exist.

[0025] In addition, the description of overlapping components and reference numerals in each drawing may be omitted. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and appropriate changes can be made and implemented, such as omitting components, replacing with different components, and combining one embodiment and various variations within the scope of the object of the present disclosure.

[0026] <Building> FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a floor plan of a building 10 to which a power supply structure 20 (see FIG. 6 etc.) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied. The building 10 is, for example, a house. The room R1 shown in this figure is a living room, dining room, and kitchen integrally formed without being partitioned by partitions (so-called LDK). The room R2 is a room that can be partitioned from the room R1 by a movable partition, and is, for example, a Japanese-style room.

[0027] In addition, the room R3 is a bathroom, the room R4 is a washroom, the room R5 is a toilet, the room R6 is a hall (in other words, a corridor), the room R7 is an entrance, the room R8 is a walk-in closet, and the room R9 is a walk-in pantry.

[0028] Collectively, these rooms R1 to R9 may be referred to as "living spaces" in this specification. Also, when there is no need to particularly distinguish between the rooms R1 to R9, they may be referred to as room R. The living space is a space where people can enter within the building, and includes various spaces such as bedrooms and studies in addition to these rooms R.

[0029] (Unit) The building 10 is formed by connecting the units 10A shown in FIG. 2 in the vertical and horizontal directions. The unit 10A is a steel frame member that constitutes the building body of the building 10 and includes four columns 12, a ceiling member 14, and a floor member 16. In the case of a single-story building, it is not necessary to connect the units 10A in the vertical direction.

[0030] The column 12 is formed of square steel pipe as an example and is arranged along the vertical direction at the four corners of the unit 10A.

[0031] The ceiling member 14 includes a joint member 14A connected to the upper end of the column 12, a beam member 14B connecting the joint members 14A, and a secondary beam member 14C spanned between the beam members 14B facing each other.

[0032] Similarly, the floor member 16 includes a joint member 16A connected to the lower end of the column 12, a beam member 16B connecting the joint members 16A, and a secondary beam member 16C spanned between the beam members 16B facing each other.

[0033] The spaces V1 surrounded by these columns 12, ceiling members 14, and floor members 16 are connected or partitioned to form the rooms R1 to R9 shown in FIG. 1, that is, the living spaces.

[0034] The rooms R1 to R9 are partitioned from each other by wall bodies. This wall body can be formed, for example, in the plane surrounded by the column 12, the beam member 14B, and the beam member 16B in the unit 10A shown in FIG. 2.

[0035] The wall body is provided with a finishing material facing the respective spaces of the rooms R1 to R9. A space V2, which is a space inside the wall body, is formed between the finishing materials (for example, finishing materials E1 and E2) of the rooms R adjacent to each other. The finishing material E1 arranged outside the unit 10A may also be used as an exterior material.

[0036] In addition, the rooms R1 to R9 shown in FIG. 1 are partitioned by the ceiling and the floor from the living space on the upper floor and the space under the floor (or the living space on the lower floor). As shown in FIG. 2, a finishing material E3 is laid on the ceiling, and a finishing material E4 is laid on the floor.

[0037] For example, a space V3 is formed between the ceiling finishing material E3 and the floor finishing material E4 on the upper floor. The space V3 is a space called a ceiling cavity, a space under the floor, or the like.

[0038] Collectively referring to these spaces V2 and V3, they may be referred to as "non-living spaces" in this specification. The non-living space faces the room R and is a space within the wall, ceiling, or floor that partitions adjacent rooms R. Alternatively, the non-living space faces the room R and is a space within the wall or ceiling (in the attic space) that partitions the outdoor space and the room R.

[0039] People do not normally enter the non-living space. At least, except for the parts opened by inspection ports or the like, people do not enter.

[0040] <Power supply structure> The power supply structure 20 of the present disclosure is arranged in a non-living space adjacent to at least the living space where the resident's staying time in a day is the longest. Such a living space is, for example, the room R1.

[0041] In the present disclosure, the power supply structure 20 may be arranged in a non-living space adjacent to a living space where the resident's staying time in a day is "relatively" long compared to other living spaces. Such living spaces are, for example, rooms such as R1, R2, and bedrooms where people are expected to stay continuously for more than 1 hour. Also, the power supply structure 20 of the present disclosure can be arranged in non-living spaces adjacent to rooms R3 to R9 and other rooms.

[0042] (Power transmission device, power reception device) As shown in FIG. 3, the power supply structure 20 includes a power transmission device 22 and a power reception device 24.

[0043] The power transmission device 22 is connected to a power system (not shown) and can convert the current supplied from the power system into electromagnetic waves. Further, the power transmission device 22 functions as a power transmission antenna that can transmit the converted electromagnetic waves in a predetermined direction. As the electromagnetic waves, it is preferable to use microwaves.

[0044] On the other hand, the power reception device 24 is a power reception rectenna that can receive the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the power transmission device 22. Thus, the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24 form a power supply structure of a radio wave reception method.

[0045] In addition, the power reception device 24 can convert the received electromagnetic waves into current. A connector (not shown) is connected to the power reception device 24, and the wiring of electronic devices used in the living space is connected to the connector. Note that the power reception device 24 can also be configured to perform non-contact power supply to the electronic devices by, for example, a power supply method of an electromagnetic induction method.

[0046] A plurality of power reception devices 24 may be provided per one power transmission device 22, or only one power reception device 24 may be provided per one power transmission device 22. In other words, the power transmission device 22 may transmit electromagnetic waves to one power reception device 24, or may transmit electromagnetic waves to a plurality of power reception devices 24.

[0047] In the example shown in FIG. 3, the power supply structure 20 is constructed in the ceiling as a non-living space adjacent to the living space, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the power supply structure 20 may be constructed in the floor adjacent to the living space, or as shown in FIG. 4, the power supply structure 20 may be constructed in the wall body adjacent to the living space.

[0048] (Radio wave repeater) As shown in FIG. 5, the power supply structure 20 may be constructed across the ceiling (or floor) adjacent to the living space and the wall body. Thus, when the power transmission direction changes from a direction along a substantially horizontal plane to a direction along a substantially vertical plane (and vice versa), it is preferable to provide a radio wave repeater 26 between the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24 in the non-living space.

[0049] The radio wave repeater 26 can receive the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the power transmission device 22 and transmit the received electromagnetic wave in a predetermined direction.

[0050] In addition, the radio wave repeater 26 can be provided when the power transmission direction changes in a substantially horizontal plane or in a substantially vertical plane. Further, the radio wave repeater 26 can be provided even when the power transmission distance is long in the same plane.

[0051] "The power transmission distance is long" means the power transmission distance when the electromagnetic wave intensity received by the power reception device 24 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value with respect to the electromagnetic wave intensity transmitted by the power transmission device 22, and this distance is appropriately determined according to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used.

[0052] (Electromagnetic wave reflecting film body) As shown in FIG. 6, the power supply structure 20 of the present disclosure includes an electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28. The electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is a sheet material disposed in a non-residential space and surrounding at least the power transmission path between the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24.

[0053] The electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is formed of a non-magnetic metal body having an insulating substrate surface. As the non-magnetic metal, aluminum, non-magnetic stainless steel, etc. can be used. The insulating substrate surface is a film formed by a paint using an insulator such as polyester, epoxy, or silicone, and is formed on the outside of the non-magnetic metal body.

[0054] The electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 includes a portion disposed parallel to the power transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave. The "power transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave" is, for example, the direction from the power transmission device 22 to the power reception device 24 as shown in FIG. 3, and is the direction along the in-plane direction of the ceiling (or floor) in the ceiling (or floor).

[0055] Also, the "power transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave" is, for example, the direction from the power transmission device 22 to the power reception device 24 as shown in FIG. 4, and is the direction along the in-plane direction of the wall body in the wall body.

[0056] Furthermore, the "power transmission direction of electromagnetic waves" is, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, the direction from the power transmission device 22 to the radio wave repeater 26 and the direction from the radio wave repeater 26 to the power reception device 24, which is a direction along the in-plane direction of the ceiling (or floor) in the ceiling (or floor), or a direction along the in-plane direction of the wall in the wall body.

[0057] However, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 may be arranged along a direction "other than" these in-plane directions. For example, in FIG. 6, the radio wave repeater 26 is displaced with respect to the direction along the in-plane direction of the ceiling (or floor) from the power transmission device 22. In such a case, the direction of the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 can also be changed toward the radio wave repeater 26.

[0058] Also, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is preferably provided facing two adjacent living spaces (or outdoor spaces) sandwiching a non-living space. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is provided on both the upper and lower sides with respect to the power transmission path from the power transmission device 22 to the radio wave repeater 26. Also, with respect to the power transmission path from the radio wave repeater 26 to the power reception device 24, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is provided on both the left and right sides on the paper surface of FIG. 6.

[0059] Furthermore, in addition to the power transmission path between the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 can be provided to cover the power transmission device 22, the power reception device 24, and the radio wave repeater 26 as well (that is, to cover the space including the power transmission path where the power transmission device 22, the power reception device 24, and the radio wave repeater 26 are arranged). Note that the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is not provided to cover the power transmission device 22, the power reception device 24, and the radio wave repeater 26 themselves individually.

[0060] In FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the region 28A where the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is laid is indicated by a broken line. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 can be arranged to include portions other than the periphery of the power transmission path N1 connecting the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24 (or the radio wave repeater 26) in the non-living space where the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24 are arranged.

[0061] On the other hand, a strip-shaped electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 may be arranged on a power transmission path N1 connecting the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24 (or the radio wave repeater 26), such as the ceiling inner part in the area 28A shown in FIG. 5. "Strip-shaped" means a long-shaped arrangement along the power transmission path N1.

[0062] In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 6, a beam member 14B is arranged between the power transmission device 22 and the radio wave repeater 26. In such a case, a through hole is formed in the beam member 14B, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is formed in a cylindrical shape and inserted into the through hole. Thereby, a power transmission path can be formed.

[0063] <Function and Effect> According to the power supply structure 20 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the power transmission device 22 arranged in the non-residential space to the power reception device 24. And an electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is arranged surrounding the power transmission path between the power transmission device 22 and the power reception device 24.

[0064] For this reason, the electromagnetic waves travel toward the power reception device 24 while being reflected by the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28. Thereby, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the outside of the non-residential space can be suppressed. In addition, since the dispersion of electromagnetic waves is also suppressed, compared with the case where there is no electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28, the loss of transmission power can be suppressed and the power supply efficiency can be improved.

[0065] In addition, according to the power supply structure 20 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the power transmission device 22, the power reception device 24, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 are arranged in at least any one of the wall body (space V2) facing the residential space, the ceiling, and the floor (space V3). Thereby, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the residential space can be suppressed.

[0066] Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 has a portion arranged parallel to the power transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, among the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the power transmission device 22, the electromagnetic waves incident on the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 are easily reflected toward the power receiving device 24 (or the radio wave relay 26). Thereby, the power supply efficiency can be improved as compared with the case where the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is not parallel to the power transmission direction and the reflection direction of the electromagnetic wave is not determined.

[0067] Also, in the power supply structure 20 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, a radio wave relay 26 is provided between the power transmission device 22 and the power receiving device 24 in the non-residential space. Thereby, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted over a longer distance as compared with the case where there is no radio wave relay 26. Alternatively, the power transmission direction can be changed.

[0068] Further, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 has a portion arranged in a strip shape in the power transmission path connecting the power transmission device 22, the radio wave relay 26, and the power receiving device 24 (the ceiling inner portion in the region 28A shown in FIG. 5). Therefore, the range in which the electromagnetic waves are diffused is narrower as compared with the case where the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is arranged over a wide range, for example, over the entire non-residential space. Thereby, the electromagnetic waves are efficiently transmitted to the power receiving device 24.

[0069] Also, in the power supply structure 20 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is arranged in a non-residential space adjacent to at least the residential space (for example, room R1) where the occupancy time of the resident is the longest in a day. Therefore, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the residential space where the occupancy time of the resident is the longest can be suppressed.

[0070] Also, in the power supply structure 20 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, microwaves are used as the electromagnetic waves. Thereby, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted over a longer distance as compared with the case of using electromagnetic waves with a low frequency.

[0071] Further, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is a non-magnetic metal body having an insulating substrate surface. Thereby, microwaves are less likely to be absorbed as compared with the case of using a magnetic metal, and the power supply efficiency can also be improved.

[0072] <Other Embodiments> In the above embodiment, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 includes a portion arranged parallel to the power transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in the space V3 shown in FIG. 6, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 may be arranged so as to be in contact with the trabecular member 16C, the finishing material E4, and other members (so that the space surrounded by the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 becomes wider).

[0073] Even if the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is arranged in this way, leakage of electromagnetic waves to the outside of the non-residential space can be suppressed.

[0074] Further, in the above embodiment, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 is provided so as to cover the power transmission device 22, the power reception device 24, and the radio wave repeater 26, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, if electromagnetic wave leakage suppression measures are taken on the casings of the power transmission device 22, the power reception device 24, and the radio wave repeater 26, the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body 28 does not have to cover them.

[0075] Further, in the above embodiment, the non-residential space in which the power supply structure 20 is constructed is inside the wall, inside the ceiling, and inside the floor, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, as the non-residential space in which the power supply structure 20 is constructed, a duct exposed in the residential space or the like can also be adopted.

[0076] Further, in the above embodiment, the building to which the power supply structure 20 is applied is a house, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. This power supply structure can be adopted in various buildings such as apartment houses, commercial facilities, office buildings, and public facilities. Thus, the present disclosure can be implemented in various modes.

Description of Reference Numerals

[0077] 10 Building 20 Power Supply Structure 22 Power Transmission Device 24 Power Reception Device 26 Radio Wave Repeater 28 Electromagnetic Wave Reflecting Film Body N1 Power Transmission Path R1 Room (Residential Space) Room R2 (Living Space) Room R3 (Living Space) Room R4 (Living Space) Room R5 (Living Space) Room R6 (Living Space) Room R (Living Space) Room R7 (Living Space) Room R8 (Living Space) Room R9 (Living Space) Space V1 (Living Space) Space V2 (Non - living Space) Space V3 (Non - living Space)

Claims

1. A power transmission device disposed in a non-residential space of a building, capable of converting current into electromagnetic waves and transmitting power; A power receiving device disposed in the non-residential space, capable of receiving the electromagnetic waves and converting them into current; An electromagnetic wave reflecting film body disposed so as to surround a power transmission path between the power transmission device and the power receiving device; A power supply structure comprising the above.

2. The non-residential space includes at least one of a wall body facing the residential space, a ceiling, and a floor; The electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is disposed parallel to the power transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves. The power supply structure according to Claim 1.

3. A radio wave repeater is provided between the power transmission device and the power receiving device in the non-residential space; The electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is disposed in a strip shape on a power transmission path connecting the power transmission device, the radio wave repeater, and the power receiving device. The power supply structure according to Claim 1 or 2.

4. The electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is disposed in the non-residential space adjacent to the residential space where the occupancy time of the occupants is the longest in a day. The power supply structure according to Claim 1 or 2.

5. The electromagnetic waves are microwaves, and the electromagnetic wave reflecting film body is a non-magnetic metal body having an insulating substrate surface. The power supply structure according to Claim 1 or 2. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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