Method for forming smoke-proof compartment and smoke-proof compartment

Abstract

To prevent a glass portion from breaking in the event of a fire, by increasing the affinity between the surface of the glass portion and the liquid.SOLUTION: Provided is a smoke-proof compartment separated by a partition at least part of which is made up of a glass portion 6. In the smoke-proof compartment, a sprinkler system 10 is provided at a position where liquid 20 to be sprayed adheres to the glass portion 6, and the affinity between the liquid and the surface of the glass portion 6 to which the liquid 20 adheres is increased for at least one of the glass portion 6 and the liquid 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for forming a smoke-proof compartment and to a smoke-proof compartment. [Background technology]

[0002] There are buildings in which at least some of the partitions that separate the interior spaces are made of glass. When a fire breaks out in the interior spaces of such buildings, the glass breaks due to heat, and smoke leaks into other spaces adjacent to that interior space (smoke leakage), thereby reducing the safety of those other spaces.

[0003] In response to this, a system that sprays water onto glass windows has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This system cools the glass windows by forming a water curtain by spraying water onto the glass windows from a spray head. In addition, forming a water curtain inside the glass windows blocks flames from outside the building. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-181555 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, if there is a fire source between the spray head and the glass, the glass may heat up so much that it breaks before the spray head can activate. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A method for forming a smokeproof compartment that solves the above problem is a method for forming a smokeproof compartment separated by a partition, at least a portion of which is made of glass, in which a sprinkler system is provided in the smokeproof compartment at a position where the sprayed liquid will adhere to the glass portion, and the affinity between the liquid and the surface of the glass portion to which the liquid adheres is increased for at least one of the glass portion and the liquid. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, when a fire breaks out in a space partitioned by a partition at least a portion of which is made of glass, it is possible to prevent the glass from breaking. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an interior space of a building. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sprinkler system according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] 10 is a diagram illustrating a conventional example in which a glass portion breaks due to a temperature rise. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a glass portion in the same embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] (First embodiment) A method for forming a smokeproof compartment and one embodiment of a smokeproof compartment are described below. Smokeproof compartments are installed to prevent smoke from spreading to other spaces in the event of a fire in a building. The water sprinkler system (also called fire extinguishing system) includes a sprinkler. A sprinkler is a fire extinguishing system that has a sprinkler head installed on the ceiling or under the roof of a building and automatically sprinkles water upon detecting a fire. The water sprinkler system may be a sprinkler or a water spray fire extinguishing system that sprays water from its spray head with a particle size of 0.2 mm or less. Alternatively, the water sprinkler system may be a combination of a water spray fire extinguishing system and a sprinkler. In this embodiment, the smokeproof compartment has a glass section 6 and a water sprinkler system 10.

[0010] FIG. 1 shows an example of a building 1 to which a smoke-proof compartment is applied. The building 1 has spaces 2 to 4. Space 4 is a vertical hole such as an evacuation stairwell, and is connected to space 3 (an attached stairwell) such as a corridor. Space 2 is a living room. Spaces 2 and 3 are separated by a partition 5. Part of the partition 5 is composed of a glass section 6 made from glass building materials. The glass section 6 may be a fixed wall or a movable fixture such as a door, shutter, or window. The glass section 6 may have a height from the floor 31 to the ceiling 7, or may have a height shorter than the height of the wall, such as a window.

[0011] As shown in FIG. 2 , sprinkler head 11 provided on sprinkler system 10 is provided on ceiling 7 of space 2. Sprinkler head 11 is provided in a position that allows the liquid to be sprayed to contact glass portion 6. In this embodiment, water or a liquid primarily composed of water is sprayed as liquid 20. Sprinkler system 10 includes a water tank (not shown), a pump 12 connected to the water tank, a water distribution pipe 13, sprinkler head 11, and a control panel 14. Sprinkler head 11 includes a heat sensor. When the temperature detected by the heat sensor exceeds a threshold due to the occurrence of fire source 100, the heat sensor outputs an operation start command for sprinkler system 10 to control panel 14, which controls sprinkler system 10. Based on the operation start command, control panel 14 drives pump 12 via a motor (not shown), thereby supplying liquid 20 from the water tank to sprinkler head 11 via water distribution pipe 13.

[0012] When combustible materials (desks, chairs, documents, computers, etc.) placed near the glass portion 6 burn, at least one of radiant heat and high-temperature hot air currents is generated from the burning materials. The glass portion 6 becomes hot when exposed to the radiant heat or hot air currents. The glass portion 6 breaks when the temperature difference between the high-temperature and low-temperature parts of the glass portion 6 becomes large. The temperature difference at which glass breaks is approximately 60°C to 100°C, depending on the thickness of the glass. Therefore, the glass portion 6 will break if it is heated suddenly. Furthermore, a typical sprinkler system 10 is activated by a command from a heat-sensitive sensor when the temperature detected by the heat-sensitive sensor becomes lower than the temperature at which glass breaks (for example, around 80°C).

[0013] Before the liquid 20 is sprayed, the glass part 6 is heated by the fire source 100, creating a high temperature part and a low temperature part, and if the temperature difference between them becomes large, the glass part 6 will break. Note that the glass part 6 here is not heat-resistant glass or tempered glass, etc.

[0014] On the other hand, if the sprinkler system 10 starts to spray the liquid 20 before the glass portion 6 breaks, the liquid 20 adhering to the surface will cool the glass portion 6. However, because the fire source 100 does not heat the glass portion 6 uniformly, depending on the cooling conditions, the glass portion 6 may break due to localized heat.

[0015] The inventors have found through experiments that, depending on the circumstances, spraying water on glass with low hydrophilicity may cause the glass to break. For example, as shown in the conventional example of FIG. 3, when glass 6A has low hydrophilicity, liquid 30 sprayed on glass 6A does not spread across the entire glass portion 6, but instead runs down the surface of glass 6A in streaks. The streaks of liquid 30 can be thick or thin. Areas of glass 6A that come into contact with particularly thick streaks are cooled. These streaks of liquid 30 cause temperature variations in glass 6A. The areas not in contact with liquid 30 become high-temperature areas 22, while the areas in contact with liquid 30 become low-temperature areas 21. Eventually, as the temperature difference between high-temperature areas 22 and low-temperature areas 21 increases, glass 6A breaks.

[0016] For this reason, in this embodiment, the surface of the glass portion 6 is chemically or physically modified to increase its affinity for the liquid 20. FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the glass portion 6. The glass portion 6 includes a substrate 25 and a shatter-resistant sheet 26. The shatter-resistant sheet 26 prevents glass fragments from scattering when the glass portion 6 breaks. The substrate 25 is glass. The substrate 25 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The substrate 25 does not need to be made of a shatter-resistant material such as heat-resistant glass or tempered glass, but may be made of such a material. The shatter-resistant sheet 26 has an adhesive layer attached to the surface of the substrate 25 and a synthetic resin layer made of PET or the like (both not shown). For example, the shatter-resistant sheet 26 is transparent or translucent. The adhesive layer is formed, for example, of an adhesive. Furthermore, of the surfaces of the synthetic resin layer, the surface 27 opposite the adhesive layer is subjected to an affinity treatment (hydrophilic treatment). The shatter-resistant sheet 26 may be pre-installed on the glass portion 6. In this case, the glass portion 6 with the shatter-resistant sheet 26 attached thereto can be installed when the partition 5 is installed. Alternatively, after the base material 25 is installed, the shatter-prevention sheet 26 may be attached to the base material 25 .

[0017] One example of the affinity treatment is a process of forming a hydrophilic coating on the shatter-control sheet 26. For example, this treatment includes the steps of applying a coating agent containing a polymer with hydrophilic groups and drying the applied film. The coating reduces the contact angle with water droplets. The contact angle between the coating and water is approximately 30° or less. When liquid 20 is sprayed toward this glass portion 6, the liquid 20 spreads over the surface 27 of the glass portion 6. This cools the entire glass portion 6, thereby suppressing temperature unevenness.

[0018] <Actions and Effects of This Embodiment> As described above, according to the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. (1-1) According to the first embodiment, an affinity treatment is performed to increase the affinity between the shatter-retardant sheet 26 that constitutes the glass portion 6 and the liquid. Therefore, when the sprinkler system 10 sprays the liquid 20, the liquid 20 spreads over the entire surface of the glass portion 6. Therefore, even if a fire source 100 occurs near the glass portion 6, the temperature difference that occurs in the glass portion 6 can be reduced, and damage to the glass portion 6 can be suppressed.

[0019] (1-2) According to the first embodiment, the affinity between the shatter-resistant sheet 26 and the liquid is increased by providing the glass portion 6 with the affinity-treated shatter-resistant sheet 26. Therefore, the affinity between the glass portion 6 and the liquid can be increased with simple application.

[0020] Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of a method for forming a smoke-proof compartment and a smoke-proof compartment will be described. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the liquid sprayed by the sprinkler system 10 has a high affinity with the glass portion 6. Hereinafter, parts similar to those in the first embodiment will be assigned the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0021] The watering equipment 10 sprays a liquid 20 that has a high affinity with the glass portion 6. For example, the liquid 20 contains a surfactant. The liquid 20 is mainly composed of water or another solvent. Furthermore, when the liquid 20 contains a surfactant, it is preferable to use a low-foaming surfactant that produces little foam so that the liquid 20 quickly spreads over the entire glass portion 6. For example, low-foaming surfactants include cationic surfactants and nonionic surfactants.

[0022] The liquid sprayed onto the glass portion 6 from the water spraying equipment 10 has a high affinity with the glass portion 6, so it spreads over the entire surface 27 of the glass portion 6. This cools the entire glass portion 6, thereby suppressing temperature unevenness.

[0023] <Actions and Effects of This Embodiment> As described above, according to the second embodiment, in addition to the effect (1-1) described in the first embodiment, the following effect can be obtained.

[0024] (2-1) According to the second embodiment, the sprinkler system 10 sprinkles the liquid 20 that has a high affinity for the shatter-control sheet 26, thereby increasing the affinity between the glass portion 6 and the liquid. This reduces the restrictions on the glass portion 6.

[0025] <Example of change> The above-described embodiments can be modified as follows: The embodiments and the following modifications can be combined with each other within the scope of technical compatibility.

[0026] (Affinity Processing) In the above embodiment, a hydrophilic coating is formed on the shatter-preventing sheet 26 as the affinity treatment. Instead of or in addition to the synthetic resin coating, the coating may be an inorganic material such as indium tin oxide, titanium oxide, or tungsten oxide, whose surface has been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment. Alternatively or additionally, a surface modification treatment may be performed on the surface of the shatter-preventing sheet 26 or the substrate 25. If the surface modification treatment is performed on the substrate 25, the shatter-preventing sheet 26 may be omitted. The surface modification treatment is, for example, a treatment in which plasma is irradiated onto the surface of the shatter-preventing sheet 26 or the like. For example, oxygen plasma is irradiated onto the surface to generate hydrophilic groups (such as carboxyl groups or carbonyl groups). Alternatively, the surface shape may be modified by, for example, performing a textured process to form minute irregularities on the surface of the substrate 25.

[0027] In the above embodiment, the anti-scattering sheet 26 was used as a sheet that enhances the affinity with the liquid 20, but this is not limited to this, and any sheet that absorbs or reflects ultraviolet rays may be used as long as it enhances the affinity with the liquid 20 at least on the surface.

[0028] (Watering equipment) According to each of the above embodiments, sprinkler system 10 is equipped with sprinkler head 11 having a heat-sensitive sensor. Alternatively or additionally, sprinkler system 10 may have sprinkler head 11 and heat-sensitive sensor installed in separate locations. The heat-sensitive sensor is installed near sprinkler head 11 or near glass portion 6, for example. Multiple heat-sensitive sensors may be installed in space 2.

[0029] In the second embodiment, the partition 5 may be provided with a glass portion 6 that has been subjected to the affinity treatment of the first embodiment or any of the other embodiments described above. In this way, in the event of a fire, a liquid containing a surfactant or the like is sprayed onto the glass portion 6 that has a high affinity for the liquid 20, thereby further enhancing the cooling effect of the glass portion 6. [Explanation of symbols]

[0030] 2-4...space, 5...partition, 6...glass part, 10...sprinkler equipment, 11...sprinkler head, 25...main body, 26...scatter prevention sheet.

Claims

1. A method for forming a smoke-proof compartment defined by a partition at least a portion of which is made of glass, comprising: A method for forming a smokeproof compartment, in which a sprinkler system is installed in a position within the smokeproof compartment where the sprayed liquid will come into contact with the glass portion, and the affinity between the surface of the glass portion that comes into contact with the liquid and at least one of the glass portion and the liquid is increased.

2. 2. The method for forming a smoke-proof compartment according to claim 1, further comprising providing the glass portion with a sheet that has been subjected to an affinity treatment to increase the wettability of the liquid on a surface that comes into contact with the liquid.

3. 3. The method for forming a smoke-proof compartment according to claim 1, wherein the sprinkler system for spraying a liquid having a high affinity for the glass portion is provided at a position where the liquid comes into contact with the glass portion.

4. A smoke-proof compartment provided in a building, The glass section that forms part of the wall, a sprinkler system provided in a space within the building at a position where a liquid to be sprayed comes into contact with the glass portion; The glass portion is a smokeproof compartment that has been treated with an affinity treatment to increase its affinity with the liquid.

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