Radiation heater

Abstract

To provide a radiation heater capable of improving a radiation amount.SOLUTION: Radiation heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g are to be mounted on a vehicle 10. The radiation heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g comprise: a flat heater element 40; a first outermost layer (radiation sheet 43) provided on the side of a first surface 40a of the heater element 40, which is a side of an occupant riding on the vehicle 10; and a second outermost layer (heat insulation layer 45) provided on the side of a second surface 40b opposite to the first surface 40a of the heater element 40. Thermal resistance of the second outermost layer (heat insulation layer 45) is larger than thermal resistance of the first outermost layer (radiation sheet 43).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to radiant heaters. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventional Patent Document 1 discloses a heater element including a heater element layer containing a planar conductor, a front surface layer provided on the front surface side of the heater element layer, and a back surface layer provided on the back surface side of the heater element layer, wherein the emissivity of the outermost layer on the front surface side is 0.7 or more and the emissivity of the outermost layer on the back surface side is 0.6 or less. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2021 / 002331 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, even if the emissivity increases, the amount of radiation from the radiative surface material tends to decrease unless the temperature of the radiative surface material is high. The thermal radiation heater described in Patent Document 1 does not disclose a structure for increasing the temperature of the radiative surface material, and there is a problem in that no measures are taken to further improve the amount of radiation from the radiative surface material.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a radiant heater that can improve the amount of radiation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A radiant heater according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a radiant heater mounted on a vehicle, and comprises a flat heater element, a first outermost layer provided on a first surface of the heater element that faces a passenger riding in the vehicle, and a second outermost layer provided on a second surface of the heater element opposite the first surface, wherein the thermal resistance of the second outermost layer is greater than the thermal resistance of the first outermost layer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the radiation heater of the present disclosure, the amount of radiation can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of use of a radiant heater according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of the radiant heater according to the embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a cover member according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a radiant heater in which a reflecting member is formed on a cover member. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of another radiant heater in which a reflective member is formed on the case. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of yet another radiant heater in which a reflecting member is formed on a cover member. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a radiant heater when the heat insulating layer is an air layer. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a radiant heater in which a radiating member is formed on a cover member. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of yet another radiant heater in which a reflecting member is formed on a cover member. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of yet another radiant heater in which a reflective member is formed on the case. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The embodiments described below are all comprehensive or specific examples. The numerical values, shapes, components, arrangement positions and connection forms of the components, etc. shown in the following embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Furthermore, among the components in the following embodiments, components that are not recited in the independent claims are described as optional components.

[0010] Furthermore, each figure is a schematic diagram and is not necessarily an exact illustration. Therefore, for example, the scales of the figures do not necessarily match. Furthermore, in each figure, substantially the same components are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted or simplified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the following embodiments, expressions such as "plate-like" are used. For example, "plate-like" does not only mean a completely plate-like body, but also means that it is substantially a plate-like body, i.e., it may include an error of, for example, about several percent. Furthermore, "plate-like" means a plate-like body within the range in which the effects of the present disclosure can be achieved. The same applies to other expressions using "shape."

[0012] Hereinafter, the embodiments will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

[0013] (Embodiment) <Configuration> First, a radiant heater 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0014] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of use of a radiant heater 1 according to an embodiment. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of the radiant heater 1 according to an embodiment. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a cover member 30 according to an embodiment.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 1, a radiant heater 1 is mounted in a passenger compartment 11 of a vehicle 10 traveling on a road. The radiant heater 1 constitutes part of a heating device for the passenger compartment. The radiant heater 1 is a heater that generates heat when power is supplied from a power supply unit 15 mounted on the vehicle 10. The radiant heater 1 can radiate the generated heat into the passenger compartment 11. The radiant heater 1 of this embodiment has a flat plate shape. In this case, the radiant heater 1 radiates infrared rays that serve as radiant heat for warming an object.

[0016] Such a radiant heater 1 can be used as a device for providing warmth to the occupants of the vehicle 10, for example, after the heating function of an air conditioning system installed in the vehicle 10 has been executed. For this reason, the radiant heater 1 is disposed in the vehicle interior 11 so as to face the occupants. For example, in FIG. 1 , the radiant heater 1 is mounted at the feet of the occupants seated in the seats of the vehicle 10, on the underpanel at the feet of the occupants, on the roof, and on the doors. The radiant heater 1 may also be mounted on the center pillar (B-pillar), the dashboard, below the steering column, below the center console, or the like, or may be disposed so as to surround the feet of the occupants. The radiant heater 1 may be mounted anywhere in the vehicle interior 11 as long as it can be mounted in the vehicle interior 11 so as to be able to warm the occupants.

[0017] 1 and 2, the radiant heater 1 includes a case 20, a cover member 30, a radiation sheet 43, a heat transfer sheet 44, a heater element 40, and a heat insulating layer 45. In the radiant heater 1, the radiation sheet 43, the heat transfer sheet 44, the heater element 40, and the heat insulating layer 45 are layered in this order.

[0018] The case 20 is disposed in the vehicle interior 11 so as to face the occupant. The case 20 is a container that houses the radiation sheet 43, the heater element 40, the heat insulating layer 45, and the like.

[0019] One side of the case 20 is open, and a cover member 30 is attached to the case 20. The cover member 30 is attached to the case 20 so as to cover the opening of the case 20. As will be described later, a heat transfer sheet 44 and a radiation sheet 43 are arranged on the first surface 40a side of the heater element 40, which is the side facing the occupants riding in the vehicle 10, and the cover member 30 is arranged on the first surface 40a side of the heater element 40, specifically, facing the radiation sheet 43 so as to cover the radiation sheet 43, the heat transfer sheet 44, the heater element 40, and the heat insulating layer 45.

[0020] The cover member 30 is a flat, plate-like elastic body that is elastically deformable. The cover member 30 may be an elastic body made of a heat-resistant resin such as ABS (Acrylonitrile, Butadiene, Styrene) or PP (polypropylene).

[0021] The cover member 30 has a top panel portion 31 in the shape of a flat rectangular plate. The top panel portion 31 has a mesh portion 32 having a mesh structure with a plurality of through holes 31a formed therein. The mesh portion 32 is formed in the center of the top panel portion 31 and is therefore positioned so as to face the occupant. While FIG. 3 illustrates an example in which the mesh structure has a honeycomb shape, the shape of the mesh structure is not limited thereto. For example, the mesh structure may have a lattice shape or another known shape. Furthermore, the shape of the through holes 31a may be a known shape such as a polygonal shape or a circular shape.

[0022] Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the cover member 30 can be adjusted by appropriately changing the opening rate of the mesh portion 32. For this reason, for example, the cover member 30 may be elastically deformed to a large extent at a location where the occupant's feet come into contact, so the opening rate of the mesh portion 32 may be made smaller. Furthermore, the cover member 30 may be elastically deformed less at a location where the occupant's hands come into contact than at a location where the occupant's feet come into contact, so the opening rate of the mesh portion 32 may be made larger than that of the mesh portion 32 at a location where the feet come into contact. In this way, the opening rate of the mesh portion 32 may be changed appropriately depending on the installation location of the radiant heater 1 in the vehicle interior 11.

[0023] The cover member 30 may be black. Compared to white members, black members have a stronger tendency to radiate infrared rays when heat is applied. Furthermore, the darker the color, the higher the emissivity. For this reason, it is preferable that the cover member 30 is black. In this embodiment, black PP is used as the cover member 30. As described above, black objects have the property of radiating infrared rays when heat is applied, so the black cover member 30 can efficiently radiate the heat generated from the heater wire 42 into the vehicle interior 11.

[0024] The heater element 40 includes a substrate 41 and a heater wire 42 .

[0025] The substrate 41 is made of a flexible resin material that has electrical insulation properties and can withstand heat generated by the heater wire 42. The flexible resin material is, for example, a nonwoven fabric. The substrate 41 is in the form of a sheet, and the heater wire 42 is disposed on one surface of the substrate 41. The shape of the substrate 41 is formed according to the shape of the radiant heater 1.

[0026] The heater wire 42 is arranged along one surface of the base material 41. In the present embodiment, the heater wire 42 is arranged so as to form a zigzag pattern on one surface of the base material 41. The heater wire 42 is fixed to one surface of the base material 41 by sewing thread, adhesive, or the like.

[0027] The heater wire 42 is electrically connected to the power supply unit 15 in Fig. 1 and generates heat when power is supplied from the power supply unit 15 in Fig. 1. The heater wire 42 is made of a metal wire such as Cu, Ag, or Al, and an insulating member that covers the metal wire.

[0028] A heat insulating layer 45 is provided on the second surface 40b of the heater element 40, opposite the first surface 40a. In other words, the heat insulating layer 45 is provided on the side of the substrate 41 opposite the heater wire 42. The heat insulating layer 45 is a member that blocks heat transmitted from the heater wire 42 via the substrate 41. The heat insulating layer 45 is an example of a second outermost layer.

[0029] The heat insulating layer 45 is made of a heat insulating material such as glass wool, urethane foam, urethane sponge, melamine resin, or polystyrene foam.

[0030] In order to further ensure the heat insulating properties of the heat insulating layer 45, the thickness of the heat insulating layer 45 is configured to be greater than the thickness of the radiation sheet 43.

[0031] A heat transfer sheet 44 is provided on the first surface 40a of the heater element 40. The heat transfer sheet 44 is interposed between the heater element 40 and the radiation sheet 43. In other words, the heat transfer sheet 44 sandwiches the heater element 40 between itself and the heat insulating layer 45. The heat transfer sheet 44 is made of a metal material containing copper as its main component.

[0032] The first surface 40a of the heater element 40 has an uneven shape formed by the heater wire 42 disposed on the substrate 41, and the heat transfer sheet 44 is disposed along the uneven first surface 40a.

[0033] As described above, since the heat transfer sheet 44 is arranged along the uneven first surface 40a, the radiation sheet 43 is arranged on the first surface 40a of the heater element 40 along the uneven shape of the heater wire 42 arranged on the base material 41. The radiation sheet 43 is arranged so that it is sandwiched between the heater element 40 and the heat transfer sheet 44. Therefore, the heat transfer sheet 44 can convert linear heat generated by the heater wire 42 into planar heat. Therefore, the heat transfer sheet 44 can convert the heat into a planar heat and conduct it to the radiation sheet 43. The heat conducted to the radiation sheet 43 can be radiated from the heater element 40 to the cover member 30 by the radiation sheet 43 as infrared rays. This infrared rays is radiated to the outside of the radiant heater 1 via the mesh portion 32 of the cover member 30. The radiation sheet 43 is an example of a first outermost layer.

[0034] The radiation sheet 43 is made of a material such as acetate or cloth.

[0035] The heater element 40, the radiation sheet 43, and the heat insulating layer 45 described above are flexible. That is, the heater element 40, the radiation sheet 43, and the heat insulating layer 45 can be bent or stretched. This makes it easier to arrange the heater element 40, the radiation sheet 43, and the heat insulating layer 45 according to the shape of the case 20.

[0036] Although not shown, the heat insulating layer 45 and the second surface 40b of the heater element 40 are bonded together by an adhesive layer, the second surface 40b of the heater element 40 and the heat transfer sheet 44 are bonded together by an adhesive layer, and the heat transfer sheet 44 and the radiation sheet 43 are bonded together by an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is made of an adhesive, double-sided tape, etc. The adhesive layers are not shown in the drawings to avoid complicating the drawings.

[0037] Next, the thermal properties of each member constituting the radiant heater 1 in this embodiment will be described.

[0038] The heat insulating layer 45 is disposed to block heat transmitted from the heater wire 42 through the substrate 41. In order to achieve the heat blocking effect, the heat resistance of the heat insulating layer 45 is set to be larger than the heat resistance of the radiation sheet 43 and larger than the heat resistance of the heater element 40. Here, the heat resistance of the heat insulating layer 45 is set to be 0.35 (m 2 The thermal resistance of the radiation sheet 43 is, for example, 0.001 (m 2 The thermal resistance of the heat insulating layer 45 and the thermal resistance of the radiation sheet 43 are merely examples and are not limited to those disclosed herein.

[0039] In order to heat an object, it is preferable that the radiation sheet 43 radiates the heat of the heater element 40 as infrared rays. For this reason, the emissivity of the radiation sheet 43 is set to be greater than the emissivity of the heat insulating layer 45. Similarly, the thermal resistance of the heater element 40 is set to be greater than the thermal resistance of the radiation sheet 43. Specifically, the thermal resistance of the base material 41 of the heater element 40 is set to be greater than the thermal resistance of the radiation sheet 43.

[0040] The amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 can be increased, for example, by making the surface area of the radiation sheet 43 as large as possible. For this reason, the surface roughness of the radiation sheet 43 is set to be larger than the surface roughness of the heat insulating layer 45. Note that the method for improving the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 is not limited to increasing the surface area. The amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 can also be improved by setting various parameters of the radiation sheet 43, such as the emissivity and temperature, to be high.

[0041] Since the cover member 30 is irradiated with infrared rays emitted from the radiation sheet 43, it is preferable that the cover member 30 has a high emissivity. For example, the emissivity of the cover member 30 is set to 0.6 or more.

[0042] Next, the radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0043] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a radiant heater 1a in which a reflecting member 50 is formed on a cover member 30. As shown in FIG.

[0044] 4, a reflective member 50 that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the cover member 30 facing the heater element 40. Specifically, a reflective member 50 that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the mesh portion 32 facing the heater element 40.

[0045] The reflective member 50 may be made of a material capable of reflecting infrared rays, such as aluminum. For example, the reflective member 50 may be formed on the mesh portion 32 by attaching aluminum tape, or may be formed on the mesh portion 32 by applying aluminum.

[0046] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of another radiant heater 1b in which a reflective member 50a is formed on the case 20. As shown in FIG.

[0047] 5, the cover member 30 may have a top plate portion 31 facing the radiation sheet 43 and a side plate portion 34 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 from the top plate portion 31. The case 120 may also have a bottom portion 121 on which a heat insulating layer 45 is disposed and facing the heat insulating layer 45, and a side wall portion 122 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 from the bottom portion 121. In this case, the side wall portion 122 may be disposed inside the side plate portion 34, i.e., on the heater element 40 side. A reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the side wall portion 122 facing the heater element 40.

[0048] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of yet another radiant heater 1c in which reflecting members 50, 50b are formed on the cover member 30. In FIG.

[0049] For example, as shown in FIG. 6, in the cover member 30, a reflective member 50b that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the inner surface of the through-holes 31a that form the mesh structure.

[0050] 6, the reflecting member 50 is formed on the surface of the mesh portion 32 facing the heater element 40, but the reflecting member 50 does not have to be formed on the mesh portion 32. Also, as shown in FIG. 5, the side wall portion 122 of the cover member 30 may be disposed inside the side plate portion 34, and a reflecting member 50a that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the side wall portion 122 facing the heater element 40.

[0051] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a radiant heater 1d when the heat insulating layer 145 is an air layer.

[0052] 7, the heat insulating layer 145 may be an air layer. In this case, the case 20 may have a support portion capable of supporting the radiant heater 1d while ensuring space for the heat insulating layer 145. The support portion may be composed of, for example, a plurality of rod-shaped members that are parallel to each other and extend along the second surface 40b of the heater element 40.

[0053] 6, a reflective member 50 may be formed on the surface of the mesh portion 32 facing the heater element 40, or a reflective member 50b may be formed on the inner surface of the through-hole 31a. Also, as shown in FIG. 5, the side wall portion 122 of the cover member 30 may be disposed inside the side plate portion 34, and a reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the side wall portion 122 facing the heater element 40.

[0054] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a radiant heater 1e in which a radiant member 50c is formed on a cover member 30. As shown in FIG.

[0055] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the cover member 30 may be made of a metal such as aluminum that easily reflects infrared rays. A radiation member 50c that radiates infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the cover member 30 opposite the heater element 40 side. That is, the radiation member 50c may be formed on the surface of the mesh portion 32 opposite the heater element 40 side. The radiation member 50c may also be made of a black material. The radiation member 50c may be formed on the mesh portion 32 by attaching black tape, or may be formed on the mesh portion 32 by applying black paint. Even if the cover member 30 is heated by infrared rays radiated from the heater element 40, the radiation member 50c of the cover member 30 can radiate infrared rays to the outside of the radiant heater 1e.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 8, a reflecting member 50a that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the side plate portion 34 on the heater element 40 side.

[0057] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of yet another radiant heater 1f in which a reflecting member 50a is formed on the cover member 30. As shown in FIG.

[0058] 9, the cover member 30 may have a top plate portion 31 facing the radiation sheet 43 and a side plate portion 34 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 from the top plate portion 31. The case 20 may also have a bottom portion 21 on which a heat insulating layer 45 is disposed and facing the heat insulating layer 45, and a side wall portion 22 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 from the bottom portion 21. In this case, the side plate portion 34 may be disposed inside the side wall portion 22, i.e., on the heater element 40 side. A reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the side plate portion 34 facing the heater element 40.

[0059] 9 illustrates an example in which the reflective member 50 is formed on the surface of the mesh portion 32 facing the heater element 40, but the reflective member 50 does not necessarily have to be formed on the mesh portion 32.

[0060] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of yet another radiant heater 1g in which a reflective member 50a is formed on a case 120. As shown in FIG.

[0061] 10, as in FIG. 9, the cover member 30 may have a top plate portion 31 and side plate portions 34. The case 120 may have a bottom portion 121 and side wall portions 122. In this case, the side wall portions 122 may be disposed inside the side plate portions 34, i.e., on the heater element 40 side. A reflecting member 50a that reflects infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the side wall portions 122 facing the heater element 40. A radiation member 50c that radiates infrared rays may be formed on the surface of the cover member 30 opposite the heater element 40 side.

[0062] <Measurement results> Next, the measurement results of the radiant heater in this embodiment will be described.

[0063] The surface temperature of the radiation sheet was measured for (1) a radiant heater without a cover member, (2) a radiant heater with a cover member without a reflective member, and (3) a radiant heater with a cover member with a reflective member.

[0064] In this case, in (1), infrared rays were radiated to the outside, and the surface temperature of the radiation sheet became lower than in (2) and (3).

[0065] Next, in (2), the surface temperature of the radiation sheet was higher than in (1) because a cover member was provided.

[0066] Next, in (3), the surface temperature of the radiation sheet was higher than in (1) and (2). This is thought to be because some of the infrared rays emitted from the radiation sheet are emitted outside the radiation heater, while the remaining infrared rays are reflected by the reflective member and returned to the radiation sheet, heating the radiation sheet.

[0067] Therefore, in (3), the radiation sheet is heated by the returned infrared rays, and it is expected that the radiation sheet will emit higher energy infrared rays than in (1) and (2), thereby improving the amount of radiation.

[0068] <Action and effect> Next, the effects of the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g in this embodiment will be described.

[0069] The radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of technology 1 in this embodiment are radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g mounted on a vehicle 10, and include a flat heater element 40, a first outermost layer (radiation sheet 43) provided on a first surface 40a of the heater element 40 that faces the occupants riding in the vehicle 10, and a second outermost layer (insulating layer 45) provided on a second surface 40b of the heater element 40 opposite the first surface 40a, and the thermal resistance of the second outermost layer (insulating layer 45) is greater than the thermal resistance of the first outermost layer (radiation sheet 43).

[0070] According to this, the radiation sheet 43 has a smaller thermal resistance than the heat insulating layer 45, so the temperature of the radiation sheet 43 easily rises. Therefore, the heat of the heater element 40 is easily radiated from the radiation sheet 43. Therefore, the heat of the heater element 40 is easily radiated from the radiation sheet 43.

[0071] Therefore, the radiation heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g can improve the amount of radiation.

[0072] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of Technology 2 in this embodiment, the thermal resistance of the insulating layer 45 is greater than the thermal resistance of the heater element 40, as in the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in Technology 1.

[0073] According to this, the temperature of the radiation sheet 43 easily rises because the radiation sheet 43 has a smaller thermal resistance than the heat insulating layer 45. Therefore, the heat of the heater element 40 is easily conducted to the radiation sheet 43 and easily radiated from the radiation sheet 43. As a result, the radiation amount can be improved in the radiation heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g.

[0074] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of Technology 3 in this embodiment, the thermal resistance of the heater element 40 is greater than the thermal resistance of the radiation sheet 43, which is the same as the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in Technology 1 or 2.

[0075] This makes it easier for the heat of the heater element 40 to be conducted to the radiation sheet 43 and radiated from the radiation sheet 43. Therefore, the radiation amount can be improved in the radiation heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g.

[0076] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of technology 4 in this embodiment, the emissivity of the radiant sheet 43 is greater than the emissivity of the insulating layer 45, and is the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in any one of technologies 1 to 3.

[0077] According to this, the radiation sheet 43 has a higher emissivity than the heat insulating layer 45, so the heat of the heater element 40 is more easily radiated from the radiation sheet 43. Therefore, the heat of the heater element 40 is more easily radiated from the radiation sheet 43. As a result, the radiation amount can be improved in the radiation heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g.

[0078] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of technology 5 in this embodiment, the surface roughness of the radiant sheet 43 is greater than the surface roughness of the insulating layer 45, which is the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in any one of technologies 1 to 4.

[0079] This is expected to increase the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 due to the increased surface area.

[0080] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of technology 6 of the present embodiment, the heater element 40 has a sheet-like substrate 41 and a heater wire 42 arranged on the substrate 41, and the radiant sheet 43 is arranged on the first surface 40a side of the heater element 40 along the uneven shape of the heater wire 42 arranged on the substrate 41, which is the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g according to any one of technologies 1 to 5.

[0081] This allows the radiation sheet 43 to have projections and recesses that match the arrangement of the heater wires 42, thereby increasing the surface area of the radiation sheet 43.

[0082] Furthermore, when the heater wire 42 and the radiation sheet 43 are viewed in cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heater wire 42, the radiation sheet 43 can be arranged to surround most of the heater wire 42, making it easier for the heat of the heater wire 42 to be conducted to the radiation sheet 43.

[0083] As a result, the radiation amount of the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g can be improved.

[0084] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of Technology 7 in this embodiment, the heater element 40, the radiant sheet 43, and the insulating layer 45 are the flexible radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in any one of Technologies 1 to 6.

[0085] This allows the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g to be arranged in a bent state, which provides a high degree of freedom in installation of the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g.

[0086] In the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of technology 8 in this embodiment, the thickness of the insulating layer 45 is greater than the thickness of the radiation sheet 43, and these are the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in any one of technologies 1 to 7.

[0087] This is expected to further improve the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating layer 45. In addition, it is expected to further increase the amount of radiation in the radiation sheet 43, so that the heat of the heater element 40 is more easily radiated from the radiation sheet 43.

[0088] The radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g of Technology 9 in this embodiment are the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g described in any one of Technologies 1 to 8, further comprising a heat transfer sheet 44 interposed between the heater element 40 and the radiation sheet 43.

[0089] According to this, the heat of the heater wire 42 is conducted to the heat transfer sheet 44, so that it is possible to switch from linear heating by the heater wire 42 to planar heating by the heat transfer sheet 44. This makes it possible to increase the surface area that can radiate heat.

[0090] Furthermore, since the system switches from linear heating by the heater wire 42 to planar heating by the heat transfer sheet 44, the temperature across the heat transfer sheet 44 becomes approximately uniform. In other words, the linear radiation from the heater wire 42 is converted into planar radiation by the heat transfer sheet 44. Because heat is conducted in a planar manner from the heat transfer sheet 44, the radiation sheet 43 can radiate infrared rays approximately uniformly from its surface. As a result, the radiation amount can be made uniform in the radiant heaters 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g.

[0091] The radiant heater 1b of technology 10 in this embodiment is the radiant heater 1b according to any one of technologies 1 to 9, further comprising a case 120 that houses the heater element 40, the first outermost layer (radiant sheet 43), and the second outermost layer (thermal insulation layer 45), the case 120 having a bottom 121 facing the second outermost layer (thermal insulation layer 45) and a side wall 122 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 side relative to the bottom 121, and a reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side wall 122.

[0092] This allows the reflecting member 50a to reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 toward the mesh structure side, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0093] The radiant heater 1b of Technology 11 in this embodiment is the radiant heater 1b described in Technology 10, which further includes a cover member 30 arranged to cover the first surface 40a side of the heater element 40, and a reflective member 50 that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member 30 facing the heater element 40.

[0094] This allows the reflecting member 50 to reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0095] Furthermore, since the heater element 40 is arranged so as to cover the first surface 40a of the radiant heater 1b, contact with the human body can be prevented even if the human body unexpectedly approaches.

[0096] The radiant heaters 1e and 1f of technology 12 in this embodiment are radiant heaters 1e and 1f according to any one of technologies 1 to 9, further comprising a cover member 30 arranged to cover the first surface 40a side of the heater element 40, the cover member 30 having a top plate portion 31 facing the first outermost layer (radiation sheet 43) and a side plate portion 34 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 side relative to the top plate portion 31, and a reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays formed on the surface of the side plate portion 34.

[0097] This allows the reflecting member 50a to reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 toward the mesh structure side, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0098] The radiant heater 1f of the thirteenth aspect of the present embodiment is the radiant heater 1f of the twelfth aspect, in which a reflecting member 50 that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member 30 on the heater element 40 side.

[0099] This allows the reflecting member 50 to reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0100] Furthermore, since the cover member 30 is arranged to cover the first surface 40a of the heater element 40, contact with the human body can be prevented even if the human body unexpectedly approaches.

[0101] The radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1f of technology 14 in this embodiment are radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1f described in any one of technologies 1 to 9, further comprising a cover member 30 arranged to cover the first surface 40a side of the heater element 40, and a reflective member 50 that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member 30 facing the heater element 40.

[0102] This allows the reflecting member 50 to reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0103] Furthermore, since the cover member 30 is arranged to cover the first surface 40a of the heater element 40, contact with the human body can be prevented even if the human body unexpectedly approaches.

[0104] In the radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1f of technology 15 in this embodiment, the cover member 30 has a mesh portion 32 having a mesh structure, and the mesh portion 32 has a surface on the heater element 40 side formed with a reflective member 50 that reflects infrared rays, which is the radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1f described in technology 11, 13, or 14.

[0105] This allows the reflecting member 50 to reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 and return them to the radiation sheet 43, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0106] The radiant heater 1c of the sixteenth aspect of the present embodiment is the radiant heater 1c of the fifteenth aspect, in which a reflective member 50b that reflects infrared rays is formed on the inner surface of the through-holes 31a that form the mesh structure.

[0107] According to this, the reflecting member 50b reflects the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 and allows the infrared rays to pass through the through holes 31a, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it can be expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0108] The radiant heaters 1e and 1g of Technology 17 in this embodiment are radiant heaters 1e and 1g according to any one of Technologies 1 to 9, further comprising a cover member 30 that is arranged to cover the first surface 40a of the heater element 40 and that reflects infrared rays, and a radiant member 50c that radiates infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member 30 opposite to the heater element 40 side.

[0109] According to this, even if the cover member 30 is heated by the heater element 40, the radiation member 50c can radiate infrared rays, and therefore, it can be expected that the radiation amount in the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0110] In particular, when the cover member 30 is made of a metal such as aluminum that easily reflects infrared rays, the cover member 30 is more easily heated overall by the heater element 40 than when the cover member is made of a resin material and the radiation member is formed on the cover member, thereby improving the amount of radiation.

[0111] In the radiant heaters 1e and 1g of the eighteenth technique according to this embodiment, the cover member 30 is the radiant heaters 1e and 1g according to the seventeenth technique, which has a mesh portion 32 having a mesh structure.

[0112] According to this, the mesh structure allows infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 to pass through, and therefore it is expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 will be further increased.

[0113] The radiant heater 1g of Technology 19 in this embodiment is the radiant heater 1g described in Technology 17 or 18, which further includes a case 120 that houses the heater element 40, the first outermost layer (radiant sheet 43), and the second outermost layer (thermal insulating layer 45), and the case 120 has a bottom 121 facing the second outermost layer (thermal insulating layer 45) and a side wall 122 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 side relative to the bottom 121, and a reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side wall 122.

[0114] According to this, the reflecting member 50a can reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 toward the mesh structure side, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it can be expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 can be further increased.

[0115] In the radiant heater 1e of technology 20 in this embodiment, the cover member 30 has a top plate portion 31 facing the first outermost layer (radiant sheet 43) and a side plate portion 34 formed to rise toward the heater element 40 side relative to the top plate portion 31, and a reflective member 50a that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side plate portion 34, which is the radiant heater 1e described in technology 17 or 18.

[0116] According to this, the reflecting member 50a can reflect the infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43 toward the mesh structure side, thereby suppressing the loss of infrared rays caused by the cover member 30. As a result, it can be expected that the amount of radiation from the radiation sheet 43 can be further increased.

[0117] In the radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f, and 1g of technique 21 in this embodiment, the emissivity of the cover member 30 is 0.6 or more, which is the radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f, and 1g according to any one of techniques 11 to 18.

[0118] This allows the cover member 30 to radiate the absorbed heat as infrared rays even if the cover member 30 absorbs infrared rays radiated from the surface of the radiation sheet 43. As a result, it is expected that the radiation amount from the radiant heaters 1a, 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f, and 1g can be further increased.

[0119] (Other variations) The radiant heater according to the present disclosure has been described above based on the above-mentioned embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. As long as the modifications do not deviate from the spirit of the present disclosure, various modifications that would occur to those skilled in the art may also be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0120] For example, in the radiant heater according to the present disclosure, if the insulating layer is made of a thermal insulating material, the case does not need to be included in the components of the radiant heater. Also, if the insulating layer is made of an air layer, the case is preferably included in the components of the radiant heater.

[0121] In addition, this disclosure also includes forms obtained by making various modifications to the above embodiments that a person skilled in the art would think of, and forms realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions of the embodiments within the scope that does not deviate from the intent of this disclosure. [Industrial Applicability]

[0122] The present disclosure is applicable to radiant heater devices that emit radiant heat, and in particular to radiant heater devices mounted on vehicles. [Explanation of symbols]

[0123] 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g Radiant heater 10 vehicles 20, 120 cases 21, 121 bottom 22, 122 Side wall 30 Cover member 31 Top plate 32 Mesh section 34 Side plate part 40 Heater element 40a Front page 40b Second side 41 Base material 42 Heater wire 43 First outermost layer (radiation sheet) 44 Heat transfer sheet 45, 145 Second outermost layer (insulating layer) 50, 50a, 50b Reflective members 50c Radiation member

Claims

1. A radiant heater mounted on a vehicle, a flat heater element; a first outermost layer provided on a first surface side of the heater element, which is on the passenger side of the vehicle; a second outermost layer provided on a second surface side of the heater element opposite to the first surface, The thermal resistance of the second outermost layer is greater than the thermal resistance of the first outermost layer. Radiant heater.

2. The thermal resistance of the second outermost layer is greater than the thermal resistance of the heater element. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

3. The thermal resistance of the heater element is greater than the thermal resistance of the first outermost layer. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

4. The emissivity of the first outermost layer is greater than the emissivity of the second outermost layer. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

5. The surface roughness of the first outermost layer is greater than the surface roughness of the second outermost layer. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

6. the heater element has a sheet-like substrate and a heater wire disposed on the substrate, The first outermost layer is disposed on the first surface side of the heater element along the uneven shape of the heater wire disposed on the base material. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

7. The heater element, the first outermost layer, and the second outermost layer are flexible. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

8. The thickness of the second outermost layer is greater than the thickness of the first outermost layer. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

9. The heater element further includes a heat transfer sheet interposed between the heater element and the first outermost layer. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

10. further comprising a case that accommodates the heater element, the first outermost layer, and the second outermost layer; the case has a bottom portion facing the second outermost layer and a sidewall portion formed to rise toward the heater element relative to the bottom portion, A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side wall portion. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

11. a cover member arranged to cover the first surface side of the heater element; A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member facing the heater element. The radiant heater of claim 10.

12. a cover member arranged to cover the first surface side of the heater element; the cover member has a top plate portion facing the first outermost layer and a side plate portion formed to rise toward the heater element side relative to the top plate portion, A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side plate portion. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

13. A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member facing the heater element. The radiant heater of claim 12.

14. a cover member arranged to cover the first surface side of the heater element; A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member facing the heater element. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

15. The cover member has a mesh portion having a mesh structure, A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the mesh portion facing the heater element.

15. The radiant heater according to claim 11, 13 or 14.

16. A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the inner surface of the through holes that form the mesh structure.

16. The radiant heater of claim 15.

17. a cover member that is arranged to cover the first surface side of the heater element and that reflects infrared rays; A radiation member that radiates infrared rays is formed on the surface of the cover member opposite to the heater element side. The radiant heater of claim 1 .

18. The cover member has a mesh portion having a mesh structure.

18. The radiant heater of claim 17.

19. further comprising a case that accommodates the heater element, the first outermost layer, and the second outermost layer; the case has a bottom portion facing the second outermost layer and a sidewall portion formed to rise toward the heater element relative to the bottom portion, A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side wall portion.

18. The radiant heater of claim 17.

20. the cover member has a top plate portion facing the first outermost layer and a side plate portion formed to rise toward the heater element side relative to the top plate portion, A reflective member that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of the side plate portion.

18. The radiant heater of claim 17.

21. The cover member has an emissivity of 0.6 or more.

18. The radiant heater according to claim 11, 12, 14 or 17.

Images