Decompression therapy treatment system

Abstract

To provide a decompression therapy for reducing swelling by increasing perfusion of the blood and lymph flow at a tissue site.SOLUTION: A treatment system 10 includes a dressing 100 having a decompression layer and an occlusive layer 110 that secures the dressing about a treatment site and defines a treatment chamber within which the decompression layer is positioned. Operation of an air displacement device 200 fluidly coupled to the chamber causes the decompression layer to compress away from the tissue site, resulting in a pulling force being imparted onto the treatment site. This decompression of the tissue site increases the perfusion of blood and other fluids, and advantageously may reduce swelling at the treatment site. To increase the degree of lifting of the treatment site, the decompression layer is advantageously constructed to exhibit a parallel plate effect during use of the treatment system. For example, the decompression layer is constructed having a center of stiffness located closer to an outwardly-facing surface of the decompression layer than a tissue-facing surface of the decompression layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 929,215, filed November 1, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 955,534, filed December 31, 2019, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] Swelling associated with trauma or certain pathologies (e.g., lymphedema) can lead to a variety of medical complications. For example, swelling can cause discomfort and pain, limit range of motion, or otherwise adversely affect a patient's quality of life. Swelling can also limit a healthcare provider's ability to medically image, visualize, or access underlying tissues or otherwise interfere with a patient's treatment, thereby posing a threat to the patient's healing and recovery. In some situations, swelling can even lead to more severe consequences, such as atrophy of surrounding muscle tissue.

[0003] It would be advantageous to provide a durable, reusable treatment system that can be easily applied to a tissue site, cleaned (or otherwise sterilized) between uses, and can operate reliably and repeatedly to provide reduced pressure therapy to increase blood perfusion and lymphatic flow at the tissue site and reduce swelling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for applying a lifting force to a tissue site of a patient includes an occlusion layer, a reduced pressure layer, and a connector. The occlusion layer is configured to be sealed to the patient about the tissue site to define a substantially airtight chamber. The reduced pressure layer is disposed within the chamber defined by the occlusion layer and proximate the tissue site. The reduced pressure layer includes a compressible fabric defining one or more flow channels therethrough. The connector is disposed along the occlusion layer and configured to fluidly couple the chamber to a vacuum source. Upon operation of the vacuum source, the reduced pressure layer is configured to compress in a direction away from the tissue site.

[0005] According to some embodiments, the occlusion layer extends at least 360 degrees around the limb (or other anatomical structure) defining the tissue site when sealed to the patient, and the reduced pressure layer compresses radially outward during operation of the vacuum source. In other embodiments, the occlusion layer extends less than 360 degrees around the limb (or other anatomical structure) defining the tissue site when sealed to the patient, and the reduced pressure layer compresses upward during operation of the vacuum source.

[0006] In some embodiments, the reduced pressure layer is formed from a macromesh material (e.g., a macromesh fabric). The macromesh material optionally includes an upper layer, a lower layer, and a plurality of filaments extending between and connecting the upper and lower layers. The filaments are flexible such that the distance between the upper and lower layers before operation of the vacuum source is greater than the distance between the upper and lower layers during operation of the vacuum source.

[0007] In various embodiments, the upper layer extends substantially continuously with respect to the lower layer, and the upper layer has at least one of a higher stiffness and a higher density than the lower layer.

[0008] The macromesh material optionally further includes a first middle layer disposed between the upper and lower layers. The first middle layer has at least one of a higher stiffness and a higher density than the lower layer. In some embodiments, the first middle layer is formed from the same material as the upper layer. A plurality of filaments extend between the first middle layer and at least one of the lower and upper layers.

[0009] The macromesh material optionally further includes a second intermediate layer disposed between the top layer and the first intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer having at least one of a lower stiffness and a lower density than the first intermediate layer.

[0010] In other embodiments, the macromesh material optionally further includes a second intermediate layer disposed between the bottom layer and the first intermediate layer. The second intermediate layer has at least one of a lower stiffness and a lower density than the first intermediate layer. In various embodiments, the second intermediate layer is formed from the same material as the bottom layer.

[0011] The center of mass of the vacuum layer may be located at a height along the vacuum layer that is closer to the upper surface of the vacuum layer than to the lower surface of the vacuum layer.

[0012] An optional interface layer is located below the lower surface of the reduced pressure layer. The interface layer contacts the skin surrounding the tissue site upon sealing of the occlusive layer to the patient. The interface layer may comprise a nonwoven breathable fabric. The interface layer may be a separate structure provided separately from the reduced pressure layer. The interface layer is optionally selectively releasably attached to at least one of the reduced pressure layer and the occlusive layer. In some embodiments, the interface layer is attached to the reduced pressure layer along the lower surface of the reduced pressure layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the occlusion layer and the reduced pressure layer are attached to one another to define an annular structure including at least a first open end. The annular structure is sized for attachment to one of a patient's knee, ankle, leg, arm, or hand. In some embodiments, the annular structure optionally defines a sleeve-like structure further including a second open end.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for increasing at least one of blood perfusion and lymphatic flow at a tissue site includes a circumferentially extending occlusion layer, a reduced pressure layer, and a connector. The occlusion layer is configured to be sealed to a patient about the tissue site to define a substantially airtight chamber. The reduced pressure layer has a lower surface configured to be disposed proximate the tissue site within the chamber defined by the occlusion layer. The connector is configured to fluidly couple the chamber to a vacuum source. Upon operation of the vacuum source, the reduced pressure layer is configured to compress in a direction away from the tissue site.

[0015] The closure layer optionally includes one of a boot-like configuration or a hand-like configuration. The shape and size of the reduction layer can be similar to the closure layer configuration. The size of the reduction layer is smaller than the size of the closure layer such that the reduction layer is concentric with the closure layer. In some embodiments, the closure layer includes at least one of a zipper and a gusset.

[0016] In some embodiments, the reduced pressure layer includes a first mesh layer vertically offset from a second mesh layer by a flexible layer. The first mesh layer is located opposite the occlusion layer, and the second mesh layer is located opposite the tissue site. The second mesh layer can move radially outward toward the first mesh layer during operation of the vacuum source. The first mesh layer can have a higher density than the second mesh layer.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for providing reduced pressure therapy includes applying a dressing adjacent intact skin extending over a treatment site. The dressing includes an occlusive layer configured to define a substantially airtight chamber between the patient's skin and a lower surface of the occlusive layer, and a compressible reduced pressure layer including a plurality of fluid flow paths extending therethrough. An air displacement device fluidly coupled to the chamber operates to expel air from the chamber. Expulsion of air from the chamber compresses the reduced pressure layer away from the tissue site. Compression of the reduced pressure layer away from the tissue site is configured to pull the intact skin outwardly toward the treatment site.

[0018] The reduced pressure layer optionally includes a first mesh layer facing the occlusive layer and a second mesh layer facing the treatment site, the second layer configured to move relative to the first layer in a direction away from the treatment site upon evacuation of air from the chamber. In some embodiments, the first layer has at least one of a greater density and a greater stiffness than the second layer.

[0019] The optional interface layer may be attached adjacent to the intact skin extending over the treatment site. In some embodiments, the occlusive layer and the reduced pressure layer are attached to the patient's skin after the interface layer is attached to the patient. The occlusive layer may be attached to the patient after the reduced pressure layer is attached to the patient.

[0020] The treatment site optionally corresponds to at least one of a fracture, sprained tissue, and contused tissue of a limb. Evacuation of air from the chamber reduces swelling at the treatment site from a first level to a second level. In some embodiments, the treatment site undergoes surgical treatment after reduction of swelling at the treatment site from the first level to a level equal to or less than the second level. The reduction of swelling from the first level to the second level occurs 3 to 7 days after the initial operation of the evacuation device to evacuate air from the chamber. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] 1 is a side view of a reduced pressure treatment system showing a partial cross-sectional view of a dressing of the reduced pressure treatment system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG.

[0023] [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0024] [Figure 4A] 1 is a schematic illustration of a collapse of a reduced pressure layer of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] [Figure 4B] 1 is a schematic illustration of a collapse of a reduced pressure layer of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0026] [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a material forming a reduced pressure layer of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0027] [Figure 6A] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a reduced pressure layer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 6B] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a reduced pressure layer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 6C] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a reduced pressure layer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 6D] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a reduced pressure layer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 6E] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a reduced pressure layer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 6F] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a reduced pressure layer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

[0028] [Figure 7]6A-6E and a table comparing the performance of the exemplary reduced pressure layer of FIGS. 6A-6E with the performance of a reticulated foam-based reduced pressure layer during use of a reduced pressure treatment system according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0029] [Figure 8A] 1 is a perspective view of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0030] [Figure 8B] 8B is a perspective view of the dressing of FIG. 8A being applied to a patient, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0031] [Figure 8C] 8B is a perspective view of the dressing of FIG. 8A attached to a patient, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0032] [Figure 9A] 1 is a perspective view of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0033] [Figure 9B] 9B is a perspective view of the dressing of FIG. 9A attached to a patient, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0034] [Figure 10] 1 is a perspective view of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0035] [Figure 11A] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a dressing of a reduced pressure treatment system, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0036] [Figure 11B] FIG. 11B is a perspective view of the dressing of FIG. 11A attached to a patient, according to one exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] Before turning to the drawings, which show in detail certain exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details or methods set forth in the description or shown in the drawings, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description only and should not be construed as limiting.

[0038] Generally, with reference to the figures, various embodiments describe reduced pressure therapy treatment systems for applying a vacuum to intact skin extending over or surrounding various types of treatment tissue sites (e.g., bone tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, skin tissue, vascular tissue, connective tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, etc.) The application of vacuum to the intact skin provided by the treatment system imparts a tensile (e.g., lifting) force to the intact skin, which reduces pressure at the treatment tissue site, thereby increasing blood perfusion and other fluid perfusion (e.g., lymphatic flow) at the treatment tissue site.

[0039] The reduced pressure at the treated tissue site resulting from operation of the treatment system can be advantageously used to reduce swelling at the tissue site. The treatment system is configured for use in both medical and non-medical settings and can be used to treat swelling resulting from a variety of different conditions. For example, the treatment system can be used by a patient in a home setting to treat swelling resulting from injury, overuse, underlying medical conditions (e.g., lymphedema), etc.

[0040] In still other embodiments, the treatment system may also be used in medical settings, for example, to reduce swelling during pre- and / or post-operative care of a patient. For example, reducing swelling at a treatment site (e.g., caused by a fracture, edema, tissue sprain, tissue contusion, etc.) prior to surgery may advantageously facilitate access to underlying tissue at the target surgical site, reduce surgical time, and / or improve the outcome of the surgical treatment. Use of a treatment system according to any of the embodiments described herein prior to a surgical treatment may advantageously reduce the time required to reduce swelling at the target surgical site to an acceptable level compared to the time required to reduce swelling using conventional methods of treating swelling. For example, use of the treatment system may reduce swelling to an acceptable level within 3 to 7 days of initiating treatment using the treatment system.

[0041] In addition to using the treatment system to reduce swelling, the reduced pressure therapy provided by the treatment system may also be advantageously used in the treatment of various other medical conditions or ailments. As one non-limiting example, the treatment system may be used for the acute treatment of pain and / or inflammation (e.g., resulting from a sprain or other stress at a tissue site). In yet other situations, the treatment system may be used to increase blood perfusion and / or lymphatic flow at the treated tissue site to minimize the effects of overuse (e.g., after athletic training or other strenuous activity).

[0042] 1 , treatment system 10 generally includes dressing 100 configured to be attached to a patient at a location surrounding a treatment tissue site and exhaust device 200 (e.g., a vacuum source, a negative pressure pump, etc.) configured to provide a source of negative pressure to a treatment chamber defined between dressing 100 and the treatment tissue site. During operation of exhaust device 200, the treatment chamber defined between the patient's intact skin and dressing 100 functions as a reduced-pressure chamber in which the skin and underlying tissue are subjected to an outward tensile (e.g., pulling) force (representatively shown by the arrows in FIG. 2 ) when air is expelled from the treatment chamber. An optional controller coupled to one or both of dressing 100 and exhaust device 200 may control the application of reduced pressure therapy to the treatment site using treatment system 10.

[0043] As illustrated by the embodiment of treatment system 10 in FIG. 1 , the dressing 100 and exhaust device 200 are optionally provided as separate, distinct components located remotely from one another. In such an embodiment, the exhaust device 200 is fluidly and sealingly coupled to the treatment chamber via an external tube 205. An optional connector port 90 sealingly attached around an opening 111 extending through the dressing 100 may facilitate fluid connection between the treatment chamber and the exhaust device 200. In other embodiments (e.g., embodiments in which the dressing 100 is configured to be wrapped around a patient), other connector port structures and / or configurations may be used to sealingly engage and fluidly couple the exhaust device 200 to the dressing 100. As shown in FIG. 11B , in yet other embodiments, the exhaust device 200 is optionally integrated into a module 300, which is fixedly or removably attached to the dressing 100 to define an integrated, self-contained, and monolithic treatment system 10.

[0044] In addition to using treatment system 10 as a stand-alone reduced pressure therapy device, in various embodiments, treatment system 10 may be used with (and, optionally, integrated within) one or more additional treatment systems. For example, while treatment system 10 has been described as being used to apply tensile force onto intact skin surrounding a treatment tissue site, in some embodiments, treatment system 10 may be used to apply tensile force onto a wound. In some such embodiments, treatment system 10 is optionally applied atop (or integrated within) a wound dressing of a negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) system. In still other embodiments, treatment system 10 may be used with various other treatment systems, such as, for example, a thermal treatment system, a system configured to treat a bone fracture, etc.

[0045] dressing Referring to FIG. 3 , dressing 100 generally includes a flexible occlusive layer 110 and a compressible reduced-pressure layer 120 (e.g., a manifolding layer, a macromesh layer, a compressible layer, a collapsible layer, etc.) that includes a plurality of fluid flow paths extending therethrough. Occlusive layer 110 is configured to be attached to a patient (e.g., using an optional sealing member) to define a treatment chamber that surrounds the treatment tissue site. Upon attachment of dressing 100 to the patient, reduced-pressure layer 120 is disposed within the treatment chamber and extends along the treatment tissue site. An optional interface layer 130 extends between the patient's skin and reduced-pressure layer 120.

[0046] During operation of the treatment system 10, the evacuation of air from the treatment chamber, which occurs upon initiation of the exhaust device 200, causes the occlusive layer 110 and the reduced pressure layer 120 to be drawn toward the intact skin surrounding the treatment tissue site. Once the vacuum applied by the exhaust device 200 removes most of the air from the treatment chamber, the continued application of negative pressure to the treatment chamber causes the compressible reduced pressure layer 120 to collapse (e.g., compress) onto itself. This continued application of negative pressure to the treatment chamber and the collapse of the reduced pressure layer 120 causes the intact skin at the treatment tissue site to be pulled outward (e.g., as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2 ), thereby stimulating blood perfusion and lymphatic flow in the subcutaneous portion of the treatment tissue site.

[0047] A. Occlusion layer Occlusive layer 110 is configured to be sealed to the patient's skin to enclose (e.g., surround, extend over, cover, etc.) the treatment tissue site. For example, in some embodiments where occlusive layer 110 is defined by a sleeve-like, boot-like, or other annular structure and / or by a sheet-like or tape-like structure configured to be wrapped around an anatomical structure, occlusive layer 110 extends approximately 360 degrees around (i.e., surrounds) or more than 360 degrees around (i.e., wraps around) the patient's limb, extremity, or other anatomical structure. In other embodiments (e.g., during treatment of a knee, shoulder, elbow, etc.), occlusive layer 110 is optionally defined by a sheet-like structure that extends less than 360 degrees around (e.g., less than 180 degrees) the patient's anatomical structure.

[0048] During operation of the exhaust device 200, the sealed attachment between the occlusive layer 110 and the patient's skin forms a sealed reduced pressure treatment chamber through which negative pressure is transmitted to the treated tissue site. An opening 111 is optionally defined through the occlusive layer 110, through which the treatment chamber is fluidly coupled to the exhaust device 200 of the treatment system 10. Alternatively, the treatment chamber is fluidly coupled to a vacuum source via a connector interposed between the patient's skin and the underside of the occlusive layer 110.

[0049] Occlusive layer 110 may be formed from a variety of materials capable of maintaining a desired vacuum within the treatment chamber during use of treatment system 10. Occlusive layer 110 is optionally formed from a material having a high MVTR to allow moisture (e.g., sweat) to evaporate from the treated tissue site during use of treatment system 10. The material selected for occlusive layer 110 is also advantageously sufficiently strong and resilient to allow occlusive layer 110 to withstand extended use of treatment system 10. In embodiments in which occlusive layer 110 is reusable, the material forming occlusive layer 110 is also optionally durable enough to allow occlusive layer 110 to be cleaned (e.g., washed) between uses.

[0050] As shown in FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the occlusive layer 110 is provided as a separate, distinct component of the dressing 100 that is integrated with other components (e.g., the pressure-reducing layer 120, the interface layer 130, etc.) during application of the dressing 100 to the patient. In some such embodiments, the occlusive layer 110 optionally includes an adhesive along its underside. This peel-and-place arrangement (in which the occlusive layer 110 is integrated with a sealing member) allows the dressing 100 to be quickly wrapped around (or otherwise attached to) the patient's anatomy (e.g., the foot, leg, arm, etc.), thereby enabling rapid application of the dressing 100 to the patient. Referring to the representative embodiments of FIGS. 8A , 9A , and 10 , in other embodiments, the occlusive layer 110 is alternatively removably or permanently integrated with the pressure-reducing layer 120.

[0051] Non-limiting examples of materials that may be used for the occlusive layer 110 include polyurethane films (e.g., ESTANE 5714F), other polymer films including, but not limited to, polyalkoxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates (e.g., the polymer films described in GB Patent Application Publication No. 1280631(A), filed November 22, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference), laminated fabrics (e.g., polyurethane laminated fabrics, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene laminated fabrics, etc.), polymer-coated fabrics, fabrics made from various synthetic fibers, and the like.

[0052] B. Decompression layer The reduced pressure layer 120 (e.g., manifold layer, macromesh layer, compressible layer, collapsible layer, etc.) is configured to apply a tensile or lifting force on the skin at the treatment tissue site. The reduced pressure layer 120 is formed from a material that includes (or defines) a plurality of fluid flow paths (e.g., pathways, passages, pores, etc.) therethrough. The fluid flow paths of the reduced pressure layer 120 enable the sustained delivery (e.g., manifolding) of negative pressure to the treatment tissue site during operation of the treatment system 10. Some or all of the fluid flow paths are optionally interconnected to improve distribution of fluid (e.g., air) provided to or removed from the treatment tissue site. The reduced pressure layer 120 is formed from a compressible material that has sufficient stiffness to provide airflow through the fluid flow paths at a negative pressure of at least up to about 150 mmHg.

[0053] 2, when air is expelled from the treatment chamber during operation of the treatment system 10, the greater stiffness of the underlying skin / muscle / bone at the treatment tissue site relative to the stiffness of the dressing 100 causes the occlusive layer 110 to be attracted against the outward-facing surface 125 (e.g., upper, outer, surface facing away from the tissue site, etc.) of the reduced pressure layer 120, and also causes the tissue-facing surface 127 (e.g., lower, inner, etc.) of the reduced pressure layer 120 to be attracted toward and against the skin at the treatment tissue site (either directly or indirectly via the optional interface layer 130). Once the air has been substantially expelled from the treatment chamber, continued application of vacuum to the treatment chamber results in collapse of the compressible reduced pressure layer 120.

[0054] The direction (i.e., outward / inward, upward / downward, away from / toward the tissue site, radially, vertically, etc.) in which the reduced pressure layer 120 collapses (e.g., compresses) varies depending on the construction of the reduced pressure layer 120. A reduced pressure layer 120 comprising a single layer and formed from a material having a uniform density is representatively shown collapsing in response to a vacuum in FIG. 4A. As shown by the arrows in FIG. 4A, such a reduced pressure layer 120 having a center of rigidity located closer to a tissue-facing surface 127 than to an outward-facing surface 125 of the reduced pressure layer 120 will compress such that the outward-facing surface 125 of the reduced pressure layer 120 is drawn toward the tissue-facing surface 127 of the reduced pressure layer 120.

[0055] 4B illustrates that a reduced pressure layer 120, including an outer portion (i.e., the portion of the reduced pressure layer 120 adjacent the outward-facing surface 125 facing away from the tissue site) formed from a harder material and an inner portion (i.e., the portion of the reduced pressure layer 120 adjacent the tissue-facing surface 127) formed from a softer material, collapses in response to a vacuum. In contrast to the exemplary reduced pressure layer 120 shown in FIG. 4A, a reduced pressure layer 120 as shown in FIG. 4B, defined by a center of rigidity located closer to the outward-facing surface 125 than to the tissue-facing surface 127 of the reduced pressure layer 120, experiences a parallel plate effect when subjected to a vacuum during use of the treatment system 10. As shown by the arrows in Figure 4B, this arrangement, in which the softer inner half of the reduced pressure layer 120 is sandwiched between two harder structures (i.e., the underlying skin / muscle / bone at the treatment tissue site and the relatively harder outer half of the reduced pressure layer 120), results in the tissue-facing surface 127 of the reduced pressure layer 120 being pulled towards the outward-facing surface 125 of the reduced pressure layer 120 when the reduced pressure layer 120 is collapsed. The tensile force imparted on the skin at the treatment tissue site as a result of this outwardly directed collapse of the reduced pressure layer 120 is effective to improve lymphatic and blood perfusion at the treatment tissue site.

[0056] To account for the impact of the parallel plate effect on lymphatic flow and blood perfusion at the tissue site, the reduced pressure layer 120 is advantageously constructed so that the center of rigidity of the reduced pressure layer 120 is located closer to the outward-facing surface 125 than to the tissue-facing surface 127 of the reduced pressure layer 120. The reduced pressure layer 120 is also advantageously constructed from a material that is sufficiently flexible to allow the reduced pressure layer 120 to be adhered to the patient and to allow a range of motion of the body part to which the dressing 100 is attached during use of the treatment system 10.

[0057] The reduced pressure layer 120 is also advantageously formed with sufficient structural integrity and resilience to withstand repeated application of negative pressure to the reduced pressure layer 120 over the course of operation of the treatment system 10 (e.g., for periods of up to or greater than one week). To facilitate reuse of the treatment system 10 with the same or other patients, the reduced pressure layer 120 is additionally optionally constructed with durability that allows the reduced pressure layer 120 to be cleaned between uses.

[0058] Referring to Figure 5, one exemplary embodiment illustrates the construction of a flexible, resilient, and durable reduced pressure layer 120 configured to apply increased tensile force on the skin at a tissue treatment site. In the embodiment of reduced pressure layer 120 of Figure 5, reduced pressure layer 120 is defined by a macromesh material including a lower layer 123, an upper layer 121, and an intermediate layer 122. Upon integration of reduced pressure layer 120 into tissue treatment system 10, the lower surface of lower layer 123 defines tissue-facing surface 127 (e.g., lower surface, inner surface, radially inward extending surface, etc.) of reduced pressure layer 120, and the upper surface of upper layer 121 defines outward-facing surface 125 (e.g., upper surface, outer surface, radially outward extending surface, etc.) of reduced pressure layer 120. Upper layer 121 and lower layer 123 are vertically offset from one another and interconnected via intermediate layer 122 (e.g., connector layer).

[0059] The upper and lower layers 121, 123, which define the macromesh material forming the relief layer 120, can be defined by a variety of different materials. To provide the relief layer 120 with a desired degree of resilience and durability, one or both of the upper and lower layers 121, 123 can be formed from a woven material. The woven material can be defined by a variety of different woven or non-woven patterns, weights, densities, fibers, stiffness, etc., depending on the desired properties of the relief layer 120. According to various embodiments, one or both of the upper and lower layers 121, 123 can be formed from a polymer or nylon material (e.g., a polymer or nylon mesh).

[0060] To provide the reduced pressure layer 120 with a desired offset center of rigidity (i.e., a center of rigidity located closer to the outward-facing surface 125 of the reduced pressure layer 120), the upper layer 121 is formed from a different material, has a different construction, or is otherwise different from the lower layer 123. For example, the upper layer 121 is formed from a material having greater rigidity than the material used for the lower layer 123. The materials selected for the upper layer 121 and / or the lower layer 123 may optionally include a coating (e.g., an antimicrobial coating, a hydrophobic coating, etc.) to provide additional desired characteristics to the reduced pressure layer 120.

[0061] The intermediate layer 122 can be formed from a variety of different materials. As shown in FIG. 5 , according to various embodiments, the intermediate layer 122 is formed from a plurality of filament fibers 129 that have durable, resilient, and flexible (e.g., collapsible, deflectable, flexible, compressible, etc.) properties that allow the reduced pressure layer 120 to collapse (e.g., compress or otherwise reduce the distance between the upper layer 121 and the lower layer 123) one or more times during use of the treatment system 10. The filament fibers 129 forming the intermediate layer 122 can be defined by various yarn types (e.g., monofilament, multifilament, spun, etc.), diameters, lengths, materials, weights, denier, densities, stiffnesses, etc. The selection and arrangement of the filament fibers 129 can vary based on the desired characteristics of the manifold layer. For example, the length and density of the filament fibers 129 forming the intermediate layer 122 can vary based on the desired stiffness of the reduced pressure layer 120.

[0062] The effect of varying the various characteristics of the dual-layer reduced pressure layer 120 arrangement of Figure 5 on the amount of tension applied to the skin during operation of the treatment system 10 will be described with reference to Figures 6A-6F and 7. Non-limiting characteristics of the reduced pressure layer 120 embodiment shown in Figures 6A-6E are provided in the table of Figure 7.

[0063] Generally, a pressure relief layer 120 including a macromesh configuration, such as that representatively shown by the embodiment of Figure 5, is defined by a greater stiffness than a pressure relief layer 120 formed from a single layer of uniform density reticulated foam material. Thus, as shown in the table of Figure 7, even if a two-layer pressure relief layer 120 is defined by a center of stiffness that is located at (or substantially at) the center of the pressure relief layer 120 (e.g., as shown by the embodiment of Figures 6A and 6B), the two-layer pressure relief layer 120 structure provides improved blood perfusion and lymphatic flow at the treated tissue site compared to a pressure relief layer formed from a single layer of uniform density reticulated foam material.

[0064] For example, as shown in the table of Figure 7, in one embodiment, an embodiment of a pressure reduction layer 120 as shown in Figure 6A including a macromesh configuration having upper and lower layers 121, 123 with a high density and / or stiffness (e.g., formed from a polyester material having a denier of about 3.4) may increase perfusion and flow at a treated tissue site by about 10.5% compared to a pressure reduction layer formed from a single layer of uniform density reticulated foam material. Also, as shown in the table of Figure 7, in one embodiment, an embodiment of a pressure reduction layer 120 as shown in Figure 6B including a macromesh configuration having upper and lower layers 121, 123 with a low density and / or stiffness (e.g., formed from a polyester material having a denier of about 1.5) may increase perfusion and flow at a treated tissue site by about 7.7% compared to a pressure reduction layer formed from a single layer of uniform density reticulated foam material.

[0065] As shown by a comparison of the performance of the example pressure reduction layers 120 of Figures 6A and 6B as summarized in the table of Figure 7, increasing the density (and stiffness) of the material used to form the substantially similar upper and lower layers 121, 123 of the pressure reduction layer 120, for example, as shown by the embodiment of Figure 6A, provides increased tensile strength compared to a two-layer pressure reduction layer 120 embodiment having upper and lower layers 121, 123 each formed from a lower density (and lower stiffness) material (for example, as representatively shown by the embodiment of Figure 6B).

[0066] As shown in the table of FIG. 7, a two-layer pressure reduction layer 120 arrangement, as representatively shown in FIG. 6C , including an upper layer 121 formed from a material of higher density (and higher stiffness) and a lower layer 123 formed from a material of lower density (and lower stiffness), and thus defined by a center of stiffness located near the outwardly facing surface 125 of the pressure reduction layer 120, imparts increased tensile force on the treated tissue site compared to a pressure reduction layer 120 formed with both the upper layer 121 and the lower layer 123 formed from materials having the same density (and the same stiffness), such as the pressure reduction layer embodiments of FIGS. 6A and 6B . For example, a pressure reduction layer embodiment having a high density and / or high stiffness upper layer 121 and a low density and / or low stiffness lower layer 123 (e.g., the embodiment of FIG. 6C ) exhibits a 24.6% improvement in perfusion and flow compared to a pressure reduction layer formed from a single layer of uniform density reticulated foam material, compared to a 10.5% improvement over the foam of the pressure reduction layer 120 embodiment of FIG. 6A (formed from high density / high stiffness upper layer 121 and lower layer 123) and a 7.7% improvement over the foam of the pressure reduction layer 120 embodiment of FIG. 6B (formed from low density / low stiffness upper layer 121 and lower layer 123).

[0067] 7, similar to the materials used for the lower layer 123 and upper layer 121 of the embodiment of pressure reduction layer 120 of FIG. 6C, the embodiment of pressure reduction layer 120 of FIG. 6D is formed from a high-density (and high-stiffness) material, and the lower layer 123 of pressure reduction layer 120 is also formed from a low-density (and lower-stiffness) material. However, while the embodiment of pressure reduction layer 120 of FIG. 6C includes a continuously extending upper layer 121, the upper layer 121 of the embodiment of pressure reduction layer 120 of FIG. 6D is instead defined by strips of high-density (and high-stiffness) material, the strips being separated from one another by portions of the middle layer 122 along which the upper layer 121 does not extend.

[0068] As a result of the interrupted top layer 121 configuration of the embodiment of the reduced pressure layer 120 of Figure 6D, the center of rigidity of the reduced pressure layer 120 of Figure 6D is located closer to the tissue-facing surface 127 than to the outward-facing surface 125 of the reduced pressure layer 120. As shown in Figure 7, the effect of the center of rigidity of the reduced pressure layer 120 of Figure 6D being located closer to the tissue-facing surface 127 of the reduced pressure layer 120 is that the embodiment of the reduced pressure layer 120 of Figure 6D applies even less tension on the skin at the treatment tissue site than a single-layer, uniform-density, reticulated foam-based reduced pressure layer. Thus, as shown in the table of Figure 7, a reduced pressure layer configuration such as that of Figure 6D can result in a 16.1% reduction in perfusion and flow at the treatment tissue site compared to a reduced pressure layer formed from a single-layer, uniform-density, reticulated foam material.

[0069] The amount of tension imparted on the skin by the reduced pressure layer 120 can be further enhanced by constructing the reduced pressure layer 120 to maximize the distance of its center of stiffness from its tissue-facing surface 127. As described with reference to Figure 6C, one such option for maximizing this distance is to increase the stiffness of the upper layer 121 of the reduced pressure layer 120 relative to the stiffness of the lower layer 123 of the reduced pressure layer 120. As shown in Figure 7 and illustrated by the embodiment of Figures 6E and 6F, an additional option for increasing the tension imparted on the skin during use of the treatment system 10 is to increase the thickness of the reduced pressure layer 120 (i.e., the distance between the outward-facing surface 125 and the tissue-facing surface 127).

[0070] As representatively shown by the embodiment in FIGS. 6E and 6F , increasing the thickness of the pressure-reducing layer 120 can be achieved by incorporating one or more additional fabric layers 128 (similar to the upper layer 121 or the lower layer 123) into the structure of the pressure-reducing layer 120. As shown in FIGS. 6E and 6F , these additional one or more layers 128 can be integrated into the structure of the pressure-reducing layer 120 via one or more additional middle layers 122. To maximize the tensile force exerted on the skin by the pressure-reducing layer 120, the additional fabric layers 128 are advantageously integrated into the pressure-reducing layer 120 in a manner that maintains the center of rigidity of the pressure-reducing layer 120 near the outward-facing surface 125. For example, as shown by the embodiment in FIG. 6E , the pressure-reducing layer 120 can include the pressure-reducing layer 120 of FIG. 6A (bonded or otherwise attached along the outward-facing surface 125 of the pressure-reducing layer 120 of FIG. 6B ). As shown in Table 7, such a multi-layer pressure reduction layer 120 configuration as illustrated by the embodiment of FIG. 6E can provide a 51.2% increase in perfusion and flow at the treated tissue site compared to a pressure reduction layer formed from a single layer of uniform density reticulated foam material.

[0071] C.Interfacial layer The optional interface layer 130 (i.e., skin-contacting layer) is disposed adjacent to the patient's skin upon application of the dressing 100 to the patient. The interface layer 130 may be incorporated into the dressing 100 for a variety of reasons and may be defined by a variety of different characteristics. For example, the interface layer 130 may be configured to reduce discomfort and irritation during use of the treatment system 10, provide cooling, wick fluids away from the skin, act as an antimicrobial barrier, create friction between the reduced pressure layer 120 and the skin to improve the lifting force imparted on the skin by the reduced pressure layer 120, etc.

[0072] The material forming the interface layer 130 can be selected based on the desired characteristics of the interface layer 130. Generally, the optional interface layer 130 is constructed from a lightweight, thin material that does not impede flow between the skin and the reduced pressure layer 120 and does not irritate the skin. As shown in FIG. 11A , in some embodiments, the interface layer 130 can include a woven fabric or other porous material, such as a nonwoven breathable fabric. As shown in FIG. 3 , in other embodiments, the interface layer 130 can be formed from an occlusive material that includes a plurality of perforations or holes formed therethrough. The interface layer 130 is also optionally formed to be sufficiently durable and resilient to allow for reuse of the interface layer 130.

[0073] The interface layer 130 may be integrated into the dressing 100 in a variety of arrangements. In some embodiments, the interface layer 130 is provided entirely separate and detached from the pressure-reducing layer 120. In some such embodiments, the interface layer 130 may be provided as a sock or sleeve that is slid over and around the treatment tissue site (e.g., a patient's leg or arm). Once in the desired location, the pressure-reducing layer 120 and occlusive layer 110 components of the dressing 100 are attached to the patient. Such a separate arrangement advantageously allows the user to ensure that the interface layer 130 is taut and smoothly positioned against the skin prior to attachment of the remaining components of the dressing 100, thereby minimizing the risk of pinching resulting from wrinkles along the interface layer 130 during use of the treatment system 10.

[0074] Alternatively, the interface layer 130 may be partially or entirely attached along the tissue-facing surface 127 of the reduced pressure layer 120, as shown, for example, by the embodiment of FIG. 8A . In some embodiments, the interface layer 130 may be removably attached to the reduced pressure layer 120, allowing the interface layer 130 to be removed as desired (e.g., to clean the interface layer 130 before reusing the treatment system 10). In other embodiments, the interface layer 130 may instead be fixedly secured (e.g., by thermal bonding, via an adhesive, via ultrasonic welding, etc.) to all or a portion (e.g., the periphery) of the underside of the reduced pressure layer 120. Such fixed attachment of the interface layer 130 and the reduced pressure layer 120 may advantageously minimize the presence of loose spots between the interface layer 130 and the reduced pressure layer 120, which may reduce the occurrence of bulges and air bubbles, thereby minimizing the risk of pinching during operation of the treatment system 10.

[0075] D. Sealing member The sealing member of the dressing 100 is used to provide a sealed (e.g., fluid-tight) attachment between the occlusive layer 110 and an underlying surface (e.g., skin, a section of the occlusive layer 110 wrapped around a patient, optional interface layer 130, etc.), allowing a vacuum to be created and maintained within a treatment chamber surrounding a tissue treatment site. Advantageously, the sealing member is structured to be robust enough to continuously or intermittently maintain a desired negative pressure within the treatment chamber over the life of the treatment system 10. The sealing member is advantageously self-adhesive and can provide a fluid-tight attachment to a variety of different surfaces, including, for example, skin, the optionally included interface layer 130, the reduced pressure layer 120, the occlusive layer 110, etc. In embodiments in which the sealing member is reusable, the sealing member is advantageously sterilizable. Alternatively, the sealing member may be replaceable (e.g., removable) so that a new sealing member can be used with each subsequent use of the treatment system 10.

[0076] The sealing member may be defined by a variety of different sealing structures or combinations of different sealing structures. As shown in FIG. 9B , the sealing member may optionally include a separate component(s) provided separately from the other components of the dressing 100. For example, the sealing member may include a tape-like or film-like structure 141 (e.g., a thermoplastic elastomer gel strip, a silicone / acrylic trilaminate film, etc.) applied along the entire or perimeter of the top layer of the occlusive layer 110 to secure the dressing 100 to the patient. In other embodiments, the sealing member may alternatively or additionally include a wiper seal 143 (see, e.g., FIG. 1 ), adhesive (e.g., an acrylic or silicone adhesive), or other sealing structure (e.g., a gasket) provided along (e.g., integral with) the entire or perimeter of the underside of the occlusive layer 110 or disposed between the entire or perimeter of the underside of the occlusive layer 110.

[0077] In various embodiments, the sealing attachment provided by the sealing member may be reinforced and / or concealed by hook and pile fasteners, adhesive bandages, cast protectors, or other structures located on top of the dressing 100 after application of the dressing 100 to the patient.

[0078] Dressing composition The size, shape, and configuration of dressing 100 may vary depending on various factors, including, for example, the treatment tissue site being treated, the patient being treated, the duration of treatment being provided, etc. Additional features of dressing 100 that may vary depending on the desired use of treatment system 10 include, for example, the degree of adjustment of dressing 100 to the particular treatment site, the degree to which dressing 100 is attached to the patient, the incorporation of features that facilitate attachment of dressing 100 to the patient, the degree of integration of components of dressing 100, etc.

[0079] 9A and 10, according to various embodiments, the dressing 100 defines a closed annular structure configured to extend circumferentially at least 360 degrees around the entire limb or other extremity. Upon application, the dressing 100 partially or completely surrounds the limb.

[0080] In some embodiments, the annular dressing 100 is defined by a sleeve-like structure having a generally tubular shape extending between first and second open ends. In other embodiments, the sleeve-like annular dressing 100 extends between first and second open ends and has a shape, size, and configuration for attachment around a particular limb of a patient. For example, with reference to FIGS. 9A and 10 , in some embodiments, the dressing 100 defines an open-toe boot structure configured to receive a foot. In other embodiments, the annular dressing 100 defines a receiving portion configured to receive a portion (or all) of a user's limb (e.g., a hand, foot, stump, etc.). The receiving portion is accessible through a single open end defined by the annular dressing 100. The receiving portion defined by the annular dressing 100 may have a generally cylindrical shape, or may optionally define a structure having a shape, size, and contour to receive a particular limb of a patient. For example, the dressing 100 may include a glove or mitten structure for receiving a patient's hand, or a sock or closed-toe boot structure for receiving a patient's foot. Such customization of the dressing 100 to a particular treatment tissue site may advantageously facilitate a tight fit of the dressing 100 to the treatment tissue site. The annularly extending dressing 100 optionally includes folds and / or other articulation features configured to allow at least a partial degree of flexion or movement during treatment using a therapy system.

[0081] In embodiments in which dressing 100 is defined by an annularly extending structure having one open end or two open ends, and the annularly extending structure is configured to encircle or otherwise surround a portion of a patient, dressing 100 may be formed from a material that allows dressing 100 to stretch during application of dressing 100 around a patient. Alternatively or additionally, dressing 100 optionally includes one or more features configured to facilitate application of dressing 100 around a patient. For example, as shown in FIG. 10 , dressing 100 optionally includes a slit extending partially or entirely along the length of the slit. Mating engagement elements 151 (e.g., mating zipper teeth, hook and pile, etc.) are optionally provided along the length of each of the edges defining the slit to allow the edges to be selectively joined and separated from one another. In some such embodiments, one or both of the edges optionally include multiple similar or identical engaging elements spaced generally parallel to one another at one or more locations spaced inward from the edge, thereby allowing the diameter of the dressing 100 to be adjusted as needed.

[0082] 9A and 9B , the dressing 100, in some embodiments, includes a gusset 153 that can be released (or captured) via tightening of annularly extending straps 155 (e.g., interlocking hook-and-pile straps, etc.) to increase (or decrease) the size of the opening in the dressing 100. In still other embodiments, the components of the annular dressing 100 are optionally additionally (or alternatively) formed from an elastic material that allows the dressing 100 to stretch and expand to facilitate the insertion of a limb or other extremity into the opening in the dressing 100 during application of the dressing 100 to the patient.

[0083] According to other embodiments, the dressing 100 may alternatively be defined by a flexible sheet-like structure. The sheet-like dressing 100 may be provided in a range of shapes and sizes. As representatively shown by the embodiment of FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the sheet-like dressing 100 optionally has a shape and size for application to a particular treatment site.

[0084] As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B , in some embodiments, the sheet-like dressing 100 can be wrapped around a treatment tissue site to substantially (e.g., entirely) encircle a portion of a patient (e.g., calf, wrist, ankle, etc.). For example, the sheet-like dressing 100 can be configured to wrap approximately 360 degrees or more around a patient's limb or extremity. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B , in other embodiments, the sheet-like structure defining the dressing 100 is attached to the patient as a patch, in which the periphery of the sheet-like dressing 100 encircles the treatment tissue site but does not encircle the patient's limb or extremity upon which the treatment tissue site is located (e.g., when the dressing 100 is applied over the knee or shoulder, the dressing 100 may extend less than 360 degrees around the limb or extremity). In some such embodiments (and / or in other embodiments of dressing 100), dressing 100 is optionally provided with a thin, semi-rigid, flexible (e.g., bendable, shapeable, etc.) backing layer that allows sheet-like dressing 100 to be adapted to conform to the contours of the treatment tissue site to which dressing 100 is attached, thereby facilitating application of dressing 100 to the patient. As shown in Figures 11A and 11B, sheet-like dressing 100 optionally includes folds and / or other articulation features 103 configured to allow at least partial flexion or movement during treatment using the therapy system.

[0085] According to yet other embodiments, the dressing 100 may be provided as a flexible tape that can be wrapped around a treatment tissue site or attached as one or more strips atop the treatment tissue site. Such tape-like dressing 100 arrangements may provide users with the ability to customize the attachment of the treatment system 10 for a variety of different treatment sites and a variety of different patients. In some embodiments, adhesive is optionally provided along the periphery of the tape-like structure to facilitate attachment of the dressing 100 to the patient. In such embodiments, applying the tape-like structure so that adjacent sections of the tape (e.g., adjacent wraps or adjacent strips) overlap may allow the dressing 100 to be attached to the patient without the need for additional sealing of the dressing 100 to the patient. Alternatively, an additional sealing layer (e.g., occlusive layer 110) may be attached to the patient to surround the tape-like dressing 100 applied to the patient.

[0086] The various configurations and features of dressing 100 described above may be applied to all or only some of the components of dressing 100. For example, as representatively shown by the embodiment of Figure 1, in some embodiments, occlusive layer 110 and interface layer 130 may be defined by annular structures configured to be slid onto the patient's foot, and pressure-reducing layer 120 comprises a tape-like structure that may be wrapped around occlusive layer 110 prior to application of occlusive layer 110.

[0087] Configuration of an exemplary embodiment As used herein, the terms "about," "approximately," "substantially," and similar terms are intended to have broad meanings consistent with commonly accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. Those skilled in the art reviewing this disclosure will understand that these terms are intended to enable the description of certain features being described and claimed without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or insignificant modifications or variations of the subject matter being described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure, as set forth in the appended claims.

[0088] It should be noted that when used herein to describe various embodiments, the term "exemplary" and variations of the term "exemplary" are intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to imply that such embodiments are necessarily particular or best examples).

[0089] As used herein, the term "coupled" and variations of the term "coupled" refer to the direct or indirect connection of two members to one another. Such a connection may be static (e.g., permanent or fixed) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such a connection may be achieved by two members being directly connected to one another, by two members being connected to one another using separate intervening members and any additional intermediate members connected to one another, or by two members being connected to one another using an intervening member integrally formed with one of the two members as a single, integrated body. When a variation of "coupled" or "coupled" is modified by an additional term (e.g., directly coupled), the general definition of "coupled" provided above is modified by the ordinary meaning of the additional term (e.g., "directly coupled" means the connection of two members without separate intervening members), resulting in a definition narrower than the general definition of "coupled" provided above. Such a connection may be mechanical, electrical, or fluid.

[0090] As used herein, the term "or" is used in the inclusive sense of the term "or" (rather than the exclusive sense of the term "or"); thus, when used to connect a list of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Unless otherwise specified, a conjunction such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z" is understood to convey that elements are any of X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Thus, unless otherwise indicated, such conjunctions are not generally intended to imply that an embodiment requires that at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z, respectively, be present.

[0091] References to the location of elements herein (e.g., "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower") are used merely to describe the orientation of the various elements in the figures. It should be noted that the orientation of the various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. 1. A device for applying a lifting force to a tissue site on a patient, comprising: an occlusive layer configured to be sealed to the patient about the tissue site to define a substantially airtight chamber; a reduced pressure layer disposed within the chamber defined by the occlusive layer and adjacent the tissue site, the reduced pressure layer including a compressible fabric defining one or more flow channels therethrough; a connector disposed along the closure layer configured to fluidly couple the chamber to a vacuum source; In an apparatus comprising: The device, wherein upon operation of the vacuum source, the reduced pressure layer is configured to compress away from the tissue site.

2. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the occlusive layer extends at least 360 degrees around the limb defining the tissue site when sealed to the patient, and the reduced pressure layer is configured to compress in a radially outward direction during operation of the vacuum source.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the occlusive layer, when sealed to the patient, extends less than 360 degrees around the limb defining the tissue site.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reduced pressure layer comprises a macromesh material.

5. The macromesh material is The upper layer and The lower layer and a plurality of filaments extending between the upper layer and the lower layer and connecting the upper layer and the lower layer; The apparatus of claim 4 , comprising:

6. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the filament is flexible such that the distance between the upper layer and the lower layer before operation of the vacuum source is greater than the distance between the upper layer and the lower layer during operation of the vacuum source.

7. The device of claim 5 , wherein the upper layer extends substantially continuously with respect to the lower layer.

8. The device of claim 5 , wherein the upper layer has a higher stiffness than the lower layer.

9. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the macromesh material further comprises a first middle layer disposed between the upper and lower layers, the first middle layer having a higher stiffness than the lower layer.

10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the first middle layer comprises the same material as the top layer.

11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of filaments extend between the first middle layer and at least one of the lower layer and the upper layer.

12. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the macromesh material further comprises a second intermediate layer disposed between the top layer and the first intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer having a lower stiffness than the first intermediate layer.

13. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the macromesh material further comprises a second intermediate layer disposed between the bottom layer and the first intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer having a lower stiffness than the first intermediate layer.

14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the second middle layer comprises the same material as the bottom layer.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the center of mass of the reduced pressure layer is located at a height along the reduced pressure layer that is closer to the upper surface of the reduced pressure layer than to the lower surface of the reduced pressure layer.

16. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising an interface layer positioned below the lower surface of the reduced pressure layer, the interface layer contacting the skin surrounding the tissue site upon sealing of the occlusive layer to the patient.

17. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the interface layer is a separate and distinct structure from the reduced pressure layer.

18. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the interface layer is selectively releasably attached to at least one of the reduced pressure layer and the occlusive layer.

19. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the interface layer is attached to the vacuum layer along a lower surface of the vacuum layer.

20. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the interface layer comprises a nonwoven breathable fabric.

21. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the occlusion layer and the reduction pressure layer are attached to one another to define an annular structure including at least a first open end, the annular structure being sized for attachment to one of a patient's knee, ankle, leg, arm, or hand.

22. 22. The device of claim 21, wherein the annular structure defines a sleeve-like structure further including a second open end.

23. 1. An apparatus for increasing at least one of blood perfusion and lymphatic flow at a tissue site, comprising: a circumferentially extending occlusive layer configured to be sealed to a patient about the tissue site to define a substantially airtight chamber; a reduced pressure layer having a lower surface configured to be disposed within the chamber defined by the occlusion layer and adjacent to a tissue site; a connector configured to fluidly couple the chamber to a vacuum source; In an apparatus comprising: The device, wherein upon operation of the vacuum source, the reduced pressure layer is configured to compress away from the tissue site.

24. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the occlusive layer comprises one of a boot-like configuration or a hand-like configuration.

25. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the reduced pressure layer has a shape and size similar to the occlusion layer configuration.

26. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the size of the reduced pressure layer is smaller than the size of the occlusion layer such that the reduced pressure layer is concentric with respect to the occlusion layer.

27. 25. The device of claim 24, wherein the closure layer includes at least one of a zipper and a gusset.

28. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the pressure reduction layer comprises a first mesh layer vertically offset from a second mesh layer by a flexible layer, the first mesh layer being positioned opposite the occlusive layer and the second mesh layer being positioned opposite the tissue site.

29. 30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the second mesh layer moves radially outward toward the first mesh layer during operation of the vacuum source.

30. 30. The device of claim 28, wherein the first mesh layer has a higher density than the second mesh layer.

31. 1. A method for providing reduced pressure therapy, comprising: applying a dressing adjacent to the intact skin extending over the treatment area, said dressing comprising: an occlusive layer configured to define a substantially airtight chamber between the patient's skin and a lower surface of the occlusive layer; a compressible pressure-reducing layer including a plurality of fluid flow paths extending therethrough; and operating an exhaust device fluidly coupled to the chamber to exhaust air from the chamber; In a method comprising: The method, wherein the expulsion of air from the chamber causes the reduced pressure layer to compress in a direction away from the treatment site.

32. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein compression of the reduced pressure layer away from the treatment site is configured to pull the intact skin outwardly relative to the treatment site.

33. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the reduced pressure layer comprises a first mesh layer facing the occlusive layer and a second mesh layer facing the tissue site, the second layer configured to move relative to the first layer in a direction away from the tissue site upon the evacuation of air from the chamber.

34. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the first layer has a greater density than the second layer.

35. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising attaching an interface layer adjacent the intact skin extending over the treatment area.

36. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein attaching the occlusive layer and the reduced pressure layer occurs after attaching the interface layer to the skin of the patient.

37. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein attaching the occlusive layer occurs after attaching the reduced pressure layer.

38. 32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the treatment site corresponds to one of a fracture, sprained tissue, and contused tissue of a limb, and wherein the expulsion of air from the chamber reduces swelling at the treatment site from a first degree of swelling to a second degree of swelling.

39. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the treatment site undergoes surgical treatment after the reduction of swelling at the treatment site from the first swelling level to a swelling level equal to or less than the second swelling level, and the reduction of swelling from the first swelling level to the second swelling level occurs 3 to 7 days after an initial operation of the exhaust device to evacuate air from the chamber.

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