Liquid crystal display device

Abstract

To provide a display device in which problems such as increase in power consumption and increase in a load when light is emitted are reduced in a method for achieving pseudo impulsive driving by inserting a dark image, and to provide a driving method thereof.SOLUTION: A display device expresses a gray scale by dividing one frame period into a plurality of sub-frame periods. The one frame period is divided into at least a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When luminance in the first sub-frame period to display the maximum gray scale is expressed by Lmax1 and luminance in the second sub-frame period to display the maximum gray scale is expressed by Lmax2, the Lmax1 and the Lmax2 are arranged so that (1 / 2)Lmax2<Lmax1<(9 / 10)Lmax2 is satisfied in the one frame period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a driving method thereof, and more particularly to a semiconductor device and a driving method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a display device and a driving method thereof, particularly a hold driving method. The present invention relates to a method for improving the image quality of a moving image. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, interest in thin display devices has been growing. Displays, plasma displays, projection displays, etc. were developed, Furthermore, field emission displays, inorganic electroluminescent Next will be displays such as LCDs, organic electroluminescent displays, and electronic paper. It is currently being developed as a next-generation display device.

[0003] The display unit of the display device described above has pixels, which are the smallest units that make up an image. Each pixel emits light at a brightness according to the image data. An image is formed on the display unit.

[0004] When displaying moving images using such a display device, different images are displayed several tens of times per second. This cycle of displaying an image is called one frame period. Call.

[0005] Here, the method of driving the display device is to determine how the luminance of a pixel changes over time within one frame period. They can also be classified based on whether they have a distribution. In the hold drive shown in Figure 1, the pixel brightness is constant within one frame period. Impulse driving, as typified by, emits a strong light once within one frame period, and then the brightness of the pixel The light immediately decays and stops emitting light. During impulse driving, the light is not emitting light for most of the frame period. is.

[0006] Recent research has shown that hold driving can cause blurred edges and unnatural movements when displaying moving images. It has become clear that there is an essential problem in that This problem does not exist in impulse drive display devices. To solve this problem, a black image is displayed for a certain period of time within one frame period. A method for approximating impulse driving has been disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1 , Patent Document 2) Also, as another method for realizing pseudo impulse driving, Non-Patent Document 1 This is a method of dividing one frame period into two subframe periods and In the high gradation range, only the sub-frame located at the rear of one frame is illuminated, and in the low gradation range, The sub-frames located at the rear of the frame are illuminated, while the sub-frames located at the front of the frame are illuminated. This method realizes pseudo-impulse driving by emitting light from the subframes placed on the screen. . [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 9-325715 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2000-200063 [Non-Patent Document 1] SID'05 DIGEST,60.2,pp1734,(2005) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] In Patent Documents 1 and 2, black images are inserted to simulate impulse driving. This method is effective in improving the quality of moving images, but there is a problem that the average brightness decreases due to black insertion. In addition, in order to restore the decreased average brightness to the brightness before the black image was inserted, the pixel instantaneous It is necessary to increase the brightness between the LEDs, which increases power consumption and the load when the LED is lit. There is a problem that this can lead to

[0009] In addition, in the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, after displaying a bright gradation, Furthermore, when displaying bright gradations, the effect of improving the quality of moving images is small. There is little hope for improvement in the quality of moving images displayed at brightness levels close to high brightness. In this case, the light will continue to shine brightly, so it will be driven in the same way as hold drive. This is because it ends up being

[0010] Therefore, in consideration of this problem, the authors have proposed a method for pseudo-impulse driving by inserting a black image. In this method, problems such as increased power consumption and increased load during light emission are reduced. The present invention also aims to provide a display device that displays bright gradations and a method for driving the same. To provide a display device and a driving method thereof which are highly effective in improving the quality of moving images even when the The task was to [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] A display device that solves the above problem divides one frame period into a plurality of subframe periods to display gradations. A display device that expresses a tone, wherein one frame period includes at least a first sub-frame period and is divided into a second sub-frame period, and the luminance in the first sub-frame period when displaying the maximum gradation is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period when displaying the maximum gradation is defined as Lmax2. In one frame period, it is characterized in that (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. By having such characteristics, it is possible to shorten the hold time and obtain a driving method for a liquid crystal display device or a semiconductor device with a small load during light emission, thus solving the above-mentioned problems. and is divided into a second sub-frame period, and the luminance in the first sub-frame period when displaying the maximum gradation is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period when displaying the maximum gradation is defined as Lmax2. In one frame period, it is characterized in that (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2.

[0012] The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds.

[0013] The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. The driving method of the display device that solves the above problems is a driving method of a display device that displays an image by arranging a plurality of display elements side by side. One frame period is divided into a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period. When displaying the maximum gradation, the luminance in the first sub-frame period is defined as Lmax1, and the luminance in the second sub-frame period is defined as Lmax2. When (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2 holds. max2 < (9 / 10)Lmax1. By having this, the hold time is shortened and the load on the LCD device when emitting light is small. Therefore, the above-mentioned problems can be solved. can be done.

[0014] Furthermore, a method for driving a display device that solves the above problem includes arranging a plurality of display elements in parallel to display an image. a display device driving method, wherein one frame period includes a first sub-frame period and a second sub-frame period; The subframe period is divided into n subframe periods, and the number of gradations that can be displayed is divided into n subframe periods (n is an integer of 2 or more). Each of the n divided gradation areas is a first subframe. In either the first sub-frame period or the second sub-frame period, the luminance change in response to the gray scale change is The gradation region where the luminance is constant, the luminance in the first subframe period, and the luminance in the second subframe period are The gradation region in which the ratio of the luminance to the luminance during the period is constant for the gradation. By having such a feature, the hold time can be shortened. In addition, it is possible to obtain a method for driving a liquid crystal display device or a semiconductor device that has a low load during light emission. Therefore, the above-mentioned problem can be solved.

[0015] Further, a method for driving a display device that solves the above problem comprises the steps of: One frame period is made up of a first sub-frame period, a second sub-frame period, and a third sub-frame period. The maximum luminance in the third sub-frame period is Lmax 3, Lmax3 is the maximum luminance in the first subframe period and the maximum luminance in the second subframe period. The brightness is one-tenth or less of the maximum brightness during the warm-up period. This reduces the hold time and reduces the load on the liquid crystal display device during light emission. Furthermore, a method for driving a semiconductor device can be obtained, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems. do.

[0016] The switch may be of various types, for example, an electrical switch. In other words, anything that can control the flow of current is sufficient, especially The present invention is not limited to a specific one, and various other types can be used. For example, a transistor may be used. Diodes (PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, diodes The transistors may be connected in series (such as anode-connected transistors), or may be combined into a logic circuit. Therefore, when a transistor is used as a switch, the transistor is not just a switch. Since the transistor operates as a transistor, the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited. If a lower off-state current is desired, a transistor with a polarity that reduces the off-state current can be used. As a transistor with a low off-state current, a transistor with an LDD region or There are also transistors that operate as switches. The voltage at the source terminal of the capacitor is close to the low-potential power supply (Vss, GND, 0V, etc.). On the other hand, if the potential of the source terminal is higher than the high-potential power supply (Vdd, etc.), use an N-channel type. When operating in a state close to the gate, it is desirable to use a P-channel type. This is because the absolute value of the base voltage can be increased, making it easier to operate as a switch. It is also possible to use both N-channel and P-channel types to form a CMOS switch. When using a CMOS switch, the voltage output through the switch (i.e., the voltage to the switch) When the input voltage is higher or lower than the output voltage, the situation changes. Even in such cases, it can be operated properly.

[0017] Note that "connected" refers to both electrical and functional connections. This includes cases where the device is directly connected to the other device. Therefore, connections other than those specified are not included. For example, a device that allows electrical connection between two parts is also included. elements (e.g., switches, transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes, etc.) In addition, one or more circuits (e.g., Logic circuits (inverters, NAND circuits, NOR circuits, etc.) and signal conversion circuits (DA conversion circuits AD conversion circuits, gamma correction circuits, etc.) and potential level conversion circuits (boosting circuits, bucking circuits, etc.) power supply circuits, level shifter circuits that change the potential levels of H and L signals, etc.), voltage sources and Current sources, switching circuits, and amplifier circuits (op-amps, differential amplifier circuits, source follower circuits, buffer circuits, etc.) (such as a power supply circuit that can increase the signal amplitude or current amount, etc.), signal generation circuits, memory circuits, etc. Alternatively, one or more other elements or other components may be disposed between the two. Alternatively, the circuit may be directly connected to the power supply and arranged without any intervening circuit. In addition, if it includes only cases where the connection is made without any intervening elements or circuits, it is considered to be a direct connection. When describing something as being electrically connected, it should be written as "electrically connected." When the two elements are electrically connected (i.e., when they are connected with another element in between), When the power supply is directly connected (i.e., connected via another circuit) (i.e., when connected without any other elements or circuits in between) This includes:

[0018] Note that display elements, display devices, light-emitting elements, and light-emitting devices may take various forms and may include various elements. For example, a display element, a display device, a light-emitting element, or a light-emitting device can have E EL elements (organic EL elements, inorganic EL elements, or EL elements containing organic and inorganic materials), electron emission Elements, liquid crystal elements, electronic ink, grating light valves (GLV), plasma displays PDP, Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), Piezoelectric Ceramic Display Surfaces whose contrast changes due to electromagnetic effects, such as glass and carbon nanotubes As a display device using an EL element, an EL display is As a display device using electron-emitting devices, a field emission display (F ED) and SED type flat panel displays (SED: Surface-conductive n Electron-emitter Display) and other displays using liquid crystal elements The devices include LCD displays, transmissive LCD displays, semi-transmissive LCD displays, and reflective LCD displays. Projective liquid crystal displays and display devices using electronic ink include electronic paper.

[0019] Note that various types of transistors can be used. There is no limitation on the type of transistor that can be applied. For example, amorphous silicon and polysilicon can be used. Thin film transistors (TFTs) with non-single-crystal semiconductor films, such as crystalline silicon These can be applied. As a result, it is possible to manufacture at low cost without high manufacturing temperatures. It can be manufactured on a small substrate, on a large substrate, on a substrate with light transmission, or on a The transistor can transmit light. Also, semiconductor substrates and SOI substrates can be used. transistors formed by This allows for the application of transistors with little variation. It is possible to manufacture transistors with high current supply capacity, and small size transistors. It is possible to manufacture transistors and configure circuits with low power consumption. Transistors using compound semiconductors such as a-InGaZnO, SiGe, and GaAs Furthermore, thin film transistors and the like made by thinning these can be applied. This allows for manufacturing at temperatures lower than normal, even at room temperature, and for substrates with low heat resistance. For example, transistors can be formed directly on plastic or film substrates. In addition, transistors created using inkjet or printing methods can be applied. These features make it possible to manufacture at room temperature, in a low vacuum, and on large substrates. In addition, since it is possible to manufacture without using a mask (reticle), The layout of the resistor can be easily changed. A transistor having a tube and other transistors can be applied. This allows transistors to be formed on a flexible substrate. The crystalline semiconductor film may contain hydrogen or halogen. The type of substrate used can be various and is not limited to a specific one. Therefore, for example, single crystal substrates, SOI substrates, glass substrates, quartz substrates, plastic substrates Plate, paper substrate, cellophane substrate, stone substrate, stainless steel substrate, stainless steel It can be placed on a substrate with foil. Also, a transistor can be formed on a substrate. Then, the transistors are moved to another substrate and placed on the other substrate. By using these substrates, it is possible to form transistors with good characteristics and reduce power consumption. It is possible to form small transistors, make devices less likely to break, and make them heat resistant. Yes, it is possible.

[0020] The structure of the transistor can take various forms. For example, a multi-gate structure having two or more gate electrodes may be used. When a tWitch gate structure is used, the channel regions are connected in series, so multiple The transistors are connected in series. By using a multi-gate structure, , reducing the off-state current, improving the withstand voltage of the transistor to improve reliability, When operating in the saturation region, the drain-source voltage remains constant even if the drain-source voltage changes. The current does not change much, and the characteristics are flat. The gate electrodes may be arranged above and below the channel. By using this structure, the channel area increases, so the current value can be increased and This makes it easier for a depletion layer to form, reducing the S value. When arranged, the configuration resembles multiple transistors connected in parallel. Also, a structure in which a gate electrode is disposed above the channel or a structure in which a gate electrode is disposed below the channel may be used. The structure may be a structure in which a gate electrode is arranged, a normal staggered structure, or an inverse staggered structure. The channel region may be divided into a plurality of regions, or may be connected in parallel. Alternatively, the channels (or parts thereof) may be connected in series. The source electrode and drain electrode may overlap the channel (or a part of it). By using a structure in which the electrode and drain electrodes overlap, charges accumulate in part of the channel. This can prevent the operation from becoming unstable. Also, the LDD area may be included. By providing a DD region, the off-current can be reduced and the breakdown voltage of the transistor can be improved. This improves reliability and reduces the drain-source voltage fluctuation when operating in the saturation region. Even if the drain-source current is changed, it does not change much, and the characteristics are flat. .

[0021] Note that various types of transistors can be used and can be formed on various substrates. Therefore, all of the circuits may be formed on a glass substrate, or on a plastic substrate. It may be formed on a silicon substrate, a single crystal substrate, or an SOI The circuit may be formed on a substrate or on any substrate. Since all components are formed on the same board, the number of components can be reduced, leading to cost savings and The number of connections to the components can be reduced to improve reliability. A part of the circuit may be formed on one substrate, and another part of the circuit may be formed on another substrate. That is, not all of the circuits need to be formed on the same substrate. For example, part of the circuit A transistor is formed on a glass substrate, and another part of the circuit is formed on a single crystal substrate. Then, the IC chip is connected with COG (Chip On Glass) and mounted on a glass substrate. Alternatively, the IC chip may be placed on a TAB (Tape Automated It may be connected to the glass substrate using a printed circuit board or a bonding method. Since part of the circuit is formed on the same board, the number of parts can be reduced, reducing costs and The number of connections to the circuit components can be reduced, improving reliability. High power consumption occurs in areas with high voltage or high drive frequency. If the portions are not formed on the same substrate, an increase in power consumption can be prevented.

[0022] Note that one pixel refers to one element whose brightness can be controlled. In this case, one pixel refers to one color element, and the brightness is expressed by one color element. Therefore, in the case of a color display device consisting of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) color elements, In this example, the smallest unit of an image is composed of three pixels: an R pixel, a G pixel, and a B pixel. The color elements are not limited to three colors, and more than three colors may be used. Other colors may be used. For example, white may be added to make it RGBW (W is white). RGB can be used to represent, for example, yellow, cyan, magenta, emerald green, vermilion, etc. It is also possible to add more than one color. For example, at least one color in RGB is similar. For example, R, G, B1, and B2 may be added. B1 and B2 are Both are blue, but they have slightly different frequencies. This allows for a more realistic display and reduces power consumption. As another example, when controlling the brightness of one color element using multiple regions, , one area is one pixel. Therefore, for example, when performing area gradation, one For each color element, there are multiple areas that control brightness, and the gradation is expressed as a whole. However, one area for controlling brightness is considered as one pixel. In this case, the pixel contributes to the display. The size of the area may vary. Also, there may be multiple brightness areas for each color element. In the area where the color is controlled, that is, in the area where the color is controlled, the color is controlled by the multiple pixels that make up one color element. The signals provided may be slightly different to increase the viewing angle. When describing one pixel (three colors), it means that one pixel is considered to consist of three pixels: R, G, and B. When describing one pixel (one color), it means that there are multiple pixels for one color element. In some cases, they may be considered as one pixel.

[0023] The pixels may be arranged (arranged) in a matrix. are arranged in a matrix, they are arranged in a straight line in the vertical or horizontal direction. This includes cases where they are arranged side by side, or in a jagged line. For example, when displaying full color using three color elements (e.g., RGB), the stripes are arranged This also includes cases where the dots of the three color elements are arranged in a so-called delta configuration. Furthermore, it also includes the case where the Bayer arrangement is used. Note that the color elements are limited to three colors. It is not limited to this, and more than this is possible. For example, RGBW (W is white) or RGB plus yellow and There are also ones that add one or more colors such as blue, magenta, etc. The display area may have different sizes. This can reduce power consumption and improve the display quality. It can extend the lifespan of your child.

[0024] The transistors are at least a gate, a drain, and a source. It is a device with three terminals, and has a channel region between the drain region and the source region. A current can flow through the drain region, the channel region, and the source region. The source and drain are different depending on the structure and operating conditions of the transistor. It is difficult to determine whether the deviation is in the source or the drain. The region that functions as a drain may not be called a source or drain. In this case, for example, they may be referred to as a first terminal and a second terminal, respectively. The transistor has at least three terminals including a base, an emitter, and a collector. In this case, the emitter and the collector may be connected to the first terminal and the second terminal. It may be written as two terminals.

[0025] The gate is a gate electrode and a gate wiring (also called a gate line or a gate signal line). The gate electrode is the entire structure including the channel region, or a part of it. and LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) regions, and The gate wiring is the conductive film that overlaps the gate insulating film. The wiring for connecting the gate electrodes of each pixel and the gate electrodes to other wirings is also included. It is said that.

[0026] However, there are also parts that function as gate electrodes and gate wiring. Such a region may be called a gate electrode or a gate wiring. However, there are also regions where the gate electrode and the gate wiring cannot be clearly distinguished. If there is a channel region overlapping with the gate wiring that is arranged in a stretched manner, The region functions as a gate wiring, but also as a gate electrode. Therefore, such a region may be called a gate electrode or a gate wiring.

[0027] In addition, the region formed of the same material as the gate electrode and connected to the gate electrode is also Similarly, it is made of the same material as the gate wiring and is connected to the gate wiring. The area where the gate is located may also be called the gate wiring. It does not overlap with the region or has the function of connecting with another gate electrode. However, due to the conditions of the manufacturing process, It is made of the same material as the wiring and has a region that is connected to the gate electrode and gate wiring. Therefore, such a region may also be called a gate electrode or a gate wiring.

[0028] Also, for example, in a multi-gate transistor, the gate electrode of one transistor The gate electrode of another transistor is connected to the gate electrode of the other transistor by a conductive film made of the same material as the gate electrode. Such a region is often used for connecting gate electrodes. Since it is a region, it can be called gate wiring, but multi-gate transistors can be called one transistor. It can also be considered as a transistor, so it can be called a gate electrode. Those formed of the same material as the gate electrode and gate wiring and connected to them are It may also be called a gate electrode or a gate wiring. In addition, for example, the conductive film in the portion connecting the gate electrode and the gate wiring is also It may be called an electrode or a gate wiring.

[0029] The gate terminal is a region of the gate electrode or a region electrically connected to the gate electrode. This article refers to a part of the above.

[0030] The source includes a source region, a source electrode, and a source wiring (a source line or a source signal line). The source region refers to the whole or part of the source region. Semiconductors that contain a large amount of P-type impurities (such as boron and gallium) or N-type impurities (such as phosphorus and arsenic) Therefore, it refers to a region that contains a small amount of P-type or N-type impurities. The LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) region is not included in the source region. The source electrode is made of a material different from that of the source region and is electrically connected to the source region. However, the source electrode refers to the conductive layer in the source region. The source line is the connection between the source electrodes of each pixel. It also refers to a wiring for connecting a source electrode to another wiring.

[0031] However, there are also parts that function as both source electrodes and source wiring. Such a region may be called a source electrode or a source wiring. In other words, there are regions where the source electrode and the source wiring cannot be clearly distinguished. For example, if there is a source region overlapping with the extended source wiring, This region functions as a source wiring, but also as a source electrode. Therefore, such a region may be called a source electrode or a source wiring. .

[0032] In addition, the region formed of the same material as the source electrode and connected to the source electrode and the region formed of the source electrode The part connecting the source electrode and the source region may also be called the source electrode. The overlapping portion can also be called the source electrode. The region formed of the material and connected to the source wiring may also be called the source wiring. In the strict sense, such a region may have a function to connect to another source electrode. However, due to the manufacturing process conditions, etc., there may be cases where the source electrode or source wiring There is a region formed of the same material as the source electrode and the source wiring. Such a region may also be called a source electrode or a source wiring.

[0033] In addition, for example, the conductive film in the portion connecting the source electrode and the source wiring is also It may be called an electrode or a source wiring.

[0034] The source terminal may be a region of the source region, a source electrode, or a region electrically connected to the source electrode. It refers to a part of an area that is being covered.

[0035] The drain is the same as the source.

[0036] The semiconductor device has a circuit including a semiconductor element (transistor, diode, etc.). It also refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor properties. A display device is a device that has a display element (such as a liquid crystal element or a light-emitting element). Multiple pixels including display elements such as LCD elements and EL elements, and peripheral drivers that drive these pixels It may also refer to the display panel body on which the circuit is formed on the same substrate. Peripheral drive circuits arranged on the substrate by means of pins or bumps, so-called chip-on-glass ( In addition, flexible printed circuits (FPCs) and A printed wiring board (PWB) is attached (including ICs, resistors, capacitors, and inductors) Furthermore, optical sheets such as polarizing plates and retardation plates may be included. Furthermore, a backlight unit (including a light guide plate, a prism sheet, and a diffusion sheet) may be included. It may include a light source (such as an LED or a cold cathode fluorescent lamp) Furthermore, the term "light-emitting device" refers to a self-luminous display element, such as an EL element or an element used in an FED. A liquid crystal display device is a display device that has a liquid crystal element. .

[0037] In addition, it is sometimes called something that is formed on something, or something that is formed on something. The phrase "on top of" or "on top of" refers to something that is directly on top of something. It is not limited to the above. It can also be used when there is no direct contact, i.e., when there is something in between. Therefore, for example, if layer B is formed on layer A (or on layer A), In this case, layer B is formed directly on layer A, and layer B is formed directly on layer A. Another layer (such as layer C or layer D) is formed adjacent to it, and layer B is formed directly on top of it. This also applies to the phrase "above ~." It is not limited to being directly on top of an object, but may be sandwiched between other objects. Therefore, for example, if layer B is formed above layer A, In the case where layer B is formed directly on top of layer A, and in the case where another layer (e.g. For example, layers C and D are formed, and layer B is formed directly on top of them. The same applies to the cases of "under" or "below". This includes cases where there is direct contact and cases where there is no direct contact. [Effects of the Invention]

[0038] This solves the problem of the average brightness decreasing due to black insertion to improve the image quality of moving images. This reduces power consumption and light load during light emission.

[0039] In addition, when a bright gradation is displayed and then a bright gradation is displayed again, the image quality of the moving image may be affected. This can significantly improve the quality of the image, especially when the image is displayed at a brightness close to the maximum brightness. The image quality can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0040] [Figure 1] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining terms used in describing the present invention. [Figure 3] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a method for driving a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 14] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a method for driving a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 15] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a method for driving a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 16] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a method for driving a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 17] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating one circuit mounting method for a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 18] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a method for driving a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 19] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one example of the structure of a display portion of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 20] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one example of the structure of a display portion of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 21] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one example of the structure of a display portion of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 22] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one example of the structure of a display portion of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 23] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one example of the structure of a display portion of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 24] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one structure of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 25] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one structure of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 26] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one structure of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one example of the configuration of a peripheral driver circuit of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 28] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating one structure of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 29]FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one example of the configuration of a peripheral driver circuit of a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 30] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 31] 1A to 1C illustrate a mounting method of an electronic device using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 32] 1 is a diagram illustrating an application of a building using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 33] 1 is a diagram illustrating an application of a building using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 34] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one of pillars using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 35] 1 is a diagram illustrating a moving object using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 36] 1 is a diagram illustrating a moving object using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. [Figure 37] 1 is a diagram illustrating a moving object using a display device that can be applied to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. and the present invention can be implemented in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made. It should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments.

[0042] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, one frame is divided into two or more subframes, and Multiple subframes are used mainly for image display (bright image) and mainly for reducing image retention in moving images. By using the two types of image (dark image) for the purpose of improving the quality of moving images, and explain.

[0043] Here, we will explain the difference between a black image and a dark image. A black image is an image in which all pixels forming the image are non- It is assumed that the image is in a light-emitting or non-transparent state, and is a completely black image. On the other hand, in a dark image, the pixels that form the image emit light with a relatively low brightness. In other words, a dark image is an image formed when the entire image is formed. The total light emission of all pixels in a bright image is smaller than that of the corresponding bright image. Therefore, a black image may be used as the dark image.

[0044] Next, we will explain the integrated luminance. Generally, it is formed as a set of pixels arranged side by side on a display device. The resulting image is not necessarily perceived by humans as it is.

[0045] First, if the pixel size is small enough, even if the pixels are dispersed, The human eye is unable to distinguish between spatially adjacent pixels. For example, the color of the light emitted by adjacent pixels When the colors are different, the difference in the emitted color is not perceived, and it is perceived as a mixture of colors between adjacent pixels. This property is called juxtaposed color mixing, and it allows color images to be displayed. Also, if the luminance of adjacent pixels differs, what is perceived is the median value of the luminance of the adjacent pixels. Techniques for expressing intermediate luminance using this property include dither diffusion and error diffusion. There is also an area gradation method that expresses gradation according to the area of ​​the light-emitting area. This includes:

[0046] Second, the time during which the pixel emits light is sufficiently short, and the light is emitted multiple times in a time-dispersed manner. If the brightness is too close, the human eye will not be able to distinguish between brightnesses that are close in time. When a high-intensity light emission and a low-intensity light emission are performed consecutively, the pixel will have a brightness intermediate between the two. The technique of expressing intermediate luminance by using this property is called time gray scale. In addition, if the luminescent colors are different in close time intervals, the luminescent color of the pixel will be different in close time intervals. This property is used to display color images. One technique is the field sequential method.

[0047] Here, when light is emitted multiple times with time dispersion, the human eye detects brightness values ​​that are close in time. The inability to distinguish between these two is related to the time frequency characteristics of the human eye. Luminance that fluctuates at a frequency greater than a certain critical value is not perceived as fluctuating, but as a constant luminance. In this case, the brightness perceived by the human eye is the product of the brightness over time. It depends on the value obtained by dividing the integral luminance.

[0048] On the other hand, below a certain critical frequency, the human eye perceives the change in brightness as flicker. This critical value depends on the luminance, but is roughly several tens of Hz (the period is In other words, the integrated luminance is the time when the luminance change is not perceived by the human eye. It is assumed that the value is the time integral of the brightness over a time range of up to several tens of milliseconds.

[0049] Next, referring to FIG. 2, when one frame is divided into multiple subframes, the integrated luminance is The solid line in (A) of Figure 2 shows an example of a frame divided into two. The figure shows an example of the time change in pixel brightness in one frame when it is divided into subframes. It is something.

[0050] In FIG. 2A, the length of one frame period is T, and the length of the first subframe period is T1 is the length of the second subframe period, T2 is the pixel period in the first subframe period, If the average luminance is X1 and the average luminance of the pixel in the second sub-frame period is X2, then The integrated luminance during the first subframe period is the product of T1 and X1. The integrated luminance during a frame period is the product of T2 and X2.

[0051] Note that due to the characteristics of the device actually used as a display device, the change in luminance over time is For example, in the case of a display device using a liquid crystal, the brightness change However, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 2(A), the change is gradual. The integrated brightness is defined by taking the time integral of the brightness. However, in this embodiment, for simplicity, the average brightness is The integral luminance is defined as the product of the pixel count and the subframe period. The brightness during the frame period does not have to be constant.

[0052] FIG. 2B shows an example of the distribution of integrated luminance in one frame period for the displayed gray scale. The horizontal axis represents the gray scale, and the vertical axis represents the integrated luminance over one frame period. ) shows the case where gradation levels 0 to 255 are displayed. The shaded areas in each gradation are the first sub-scale. The white part represents the integrated luminance during the first subframe period. represents the integrated luminance at

[0053] In this way, the integrated luminance in one frame period is calculated by multiplying the integrated luminance in the first subframe period by The luminance can be expressed as the sum of the integrated luminance in the first sub-frame period and the integrated luminance in the second sub-frame period. The distribution of these integral luminances can be set individually depending on the gradation to be displayed.

[0054] Here, the number of subframe periods into which one frame period is divided may be an integer of 2 or more. This can be formalized as follows: One frame period is divided into n subframe periods (n is an integer of 2 or more), The average luminance of the display element in the i-th (i is an integer of 1 or more and n or less) subframe period is Xi, When the length of the i-th subframe period is Ti, The integrated luminance Y obtained by time-integrating the luminance function X(t) over one frame period is given by: It can be expressed as in Equation 1. TIFF2025129268000002.tif18170

[0055] The length Ti of the i-th subframe period is approximately the same for all subframe periods. This is because the period during which image data is written to the pixels (address period) is This is because the frame periods can be made the longest when they are all equal in length. If the time is long, the operating frequency of the peripheral driving circuit of the display device can be slowed down, so the power consumption can be reduced. This can reduce power consumption and improve the yield of the display device. Ti may vary depending on the subframe period. If the frame period is longer, the backlight unit can be used without increasing power consumption. It is possible to increase the average brightness of the unit. In other words, the light emission efficiency can be improved. In addition, if the length of the sub-frame period in which a dark image is displayed is longer, the image quality of the moving image is improved. This has the advantage that the

[0056] In this embodiment, the number of divisions n of the subframe is 2, and each subframe The following describes the case where the lengths of the frame periods are equal. A subframe period is denoted as 1SF, and a subframe period located in the latter half is denoted as 2SF.

[0057] FIG. 1 shows the distribution of brightness for two sub-frame periods for a displayed gray scale in this embodiment. FIG. 1(A) shows the distribution method. (B) of Fig. 1 shows the case where the brightness in 1SF is larger than the brightness in 2SF. The larger case is shown.

[0058] First, the explanation will be made with reference to (A) of Figure 1. The horizontal axis of (A) of Figure 1 represents time, and the vertical solid line represents The vertical dashed lines represent the boundaries of frames. The vertical dashed lines represent the boundaries of subframes. The axis is the luminance. In other words, (A) in Figure 1 shows the case where the luminance increases with time. The change in brightness of a pixel over time is displayed over five frames. be.

[0059] Below the horizontal axis is the level of gradation that is displayed in that frame. In other words, in (A) of FIG. 1, the lowest gradation is displayed first, and then Then, the gradation is displayed in the order of low halftone, medium halftone, high halftone, and maximum halftone. This shows the change in brightness of a pixel over time as it is displayed.

[0060] Although the quality of the moving image is improved by inserting a black image, the display device described in this embodiment The feature of the driving method of the device is that it inserts a dark image (dark image) that is close to black, rather than a black image. This improves the quality of moving images. The frame period is divided into 1SF and 2SF, and the maximum gray level is displayed in 1SF. By emitting light at a brightness lower than that in 2SF, the quality of the moving image can be improved. This improves brightness and keeps it constant over one frame period.

[0061] As a method of expressing gradation, first, in the range from the lowest gradation to the middle intermediate tone, 2 It is expressed by the magnitude of the brightness in SF. And the brightness in 2SF is the maximum value Lma After the brightness becomes x2, the brightness in 2SF is fixed to Lmax2, and the brightness in 1SF is The gradation is expressed by the magnitude of the brightness. When expressing the highest gradation, If the brightness Lmax1 is smaller than Lmax2, it is preferable to improve the image quality of the moving image. be.

[0062] In other words, the time for which the brightness is maintained (hold time) can be shortened even in the vicinity of the highest gradation. This reduces afterimages across the entire gradation range, improving the image quality of moving images. In addition, at the highest gray level, a dark image is displayed in 1SF instead of a black image. By doing so, the luminance of Lmax1 can be reduced. It is possible.

[0063] In order to improve the image quality of moving images, Lmax1 should be set to 90% or less of Lmax2, preferably It is preferable to set it to 60% or less. To suppress the maximum brightness and reduce power consumption, it is preferable that Lmax1 be 50% or more of Lmax2. That is, when inserting a dark image with 1SF, Lmax1 is preferably within the range of (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2. More preferably, it is within the range of (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (3 / 5)Lmax2.

[0064] Note that the length of one frame period is preferably 1 / 60 seconds or less to make flicker less likely to occur. However, the shorter the length of one frame period, the higher the operating frequency of the peripheral drive circuit, and the greater the power consumption. Therefore, the length of one frame period is preferably between 1 / 120 seconds and 1 / 60 seconds. [[ID=2N]]

[0065] Next, regarding the case where the brightness in the 1SF is greater than the brightness in the 2SF, it will be described with reference to (B) of FIG. 1. The horizontal axis in (B) of FIG. 1 is time, and the solid vertical line represents the frame boundary. Also, the dashed vertical line represents the sub - frame boundary. The vertical axis is brightness. That is, (B) of FIG. 1 shows the change in the brightness of a certain pixel over time for five frames. In (A) of FIG. 1, the brightness of 1SF is lower than that of 2SF, but it is not limited to this. That is, as shown in (B) of FIG. 1, by dividing one frame period into two sub - frame periods 1SF and 2SF, and making the brightness in 2SF when displaying the highest gradation lower than the brightness in 1SF, an improvement in the image quality of the moving image can be achieved. Thus, it is possible to reverse the order of 1SF and 2SF.

[0066] ​​​ The driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is combined with overdrive driving. By doing so, the response speed to voltage changes can be improved like that of a liquid crystal element. Even when a display element with a slow response is used, the effect of improving the image quality of moving images can be sufficiently obtained. This can be done.

[0067] The overdrive driving will be explained with reference to FIG. 13. (A) of FIG. 13 shows a display element The graph shows the time change in output luminance versus input voltage. The time change in the output luminance of the display element for 1 is shown by the dashed line, Output luminance 1. That is, the voltage to obtain the desired output luminance L0 is Vi, but the input voltage is V If i is input as is, it takes time to reach the target output luminance L0 depending on the response speed of the element. It takes a corresponding amount of time.

[0068] Overdrive is a technology to speed up this response speed. By applying a voltage V0, which is greater than Vi, to the element for a certain period of time, the response speed of the output brightness can be increased. First, the input voltage is returned to Vi after the output brightness approaches the target value L0. In this case, the input voltage is represented as Input Voltage 2 and the output brightness is represented as Output Brightness 2. The time required to reach the target brightness L0 is shorter in the graph of 2 than in the graph of output brightness 1. are.

[0069] In FIG. 13A, when the output luminance changes positively with respect to the input voltage, However, the same can be done when the output luminance changes negatively with respect to the input voltage.

[0070] The circuit for realizing such driving is shown in (B) and (C) of FIG. 13. First, referring to (B) of FIG. 13, when the input video signal Gi is an analog value ( In the case where the output video signal G0 is a signal that takes analog values, the output video signal G1 is a signal that takes analog values. The overdrive circuit shown in FIG. 1, a frame memory 1302, a correction circuit 1303, and a DA conversion circuit 1304.

[0071] The input video signal Gi is first input to the encoding circuit 1301 and encoded. The analog signal is converted into a digital signal with the appropriate number of bits. The digital signal is input to a frame memory 1302 and a correction circuit 1303. The correction circuit 1303 receives the video signal of the previous frame stored in the frame memory 1302. The correction circuit 1303 then calculates the video signal of the frame and The image signal of the previous frame is corrected according to a pre-prepared numerical table. At this time, an output switching signal is input to the correction circuit 1303, and the corrected video signal is output. The video signal of the frame may be switched between the video signal of the selected frame and the video signal of the frame. The corrected video signal or the video signal of the frame is input to a DA conversion circuit 1304. Then, the value is analyzed according to the corrected video signal or the video signal of the frame. The output video signal G0, which is a log signal, is output. can be achieved.

[0072] Next, referring to FIG. 13(C), the input video signal Gi is a signal having a digital value, and the output The case where the input video signal G0 is also a signal that takes a digital value will be described. The overdrive circuit shown includes a frame memory 1312 and a correction circuit 1313 .

[0073] The input video signal Gi is a digital signal. First, a frame memory 1312 and a correction circuit The correction circuit 1313 receives the signal from the frame memory 1312. The video signal of the previous frame that has been held is also input at the same time. In this case, a pre-prepared signal is generated from the video signal of the frame in question and the video signal of the previous frame. The correction circuit 13 outputs a corrected video signal according to the numerical value table. An output switching signal is input to 13 to switch between the corrected video signal and the video signal of the frame. In this way, overdrive driving can be realized.

[0074] The combination of the numerical table to obtain the corrected video signal is taken in 1SF. The number of possible gradations is the product of the number of gradations possible in 2SF. The smaller the value, the smaller the amount of data stored in the correction circuit 1313, which is preferable. In the embodiment, the subframe displaying the bright image is displayed in halftones up to the maximum brightness. In this case, the brightness of the dark image is 0, and the subframe displaying the bright image is at its highest brightness. Since the brightness of the bright image is constant from the first gray level to the highest gray level, the number of combinations can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. When implemented in combination with bar drive, it produces a significant effect.

[0075] The overdrive circuit is configured such that the input video signal Gi is an analog signal and the output video signal This also includes the case where G0 is a digital signal. In this case, from the circuit shown in (B) of Figure 13, The DA conversion circuit 1304 can be omitted. This also includes the case where Gi is a digital signal and the output video signal G0 is an analog signal. In this case, the encoding circuit 1301 can be omitted from the circuit shown in FIG. The overdrive circuit is not limited to the above numerical table, but can be various other types. For example, the video signal can be corrected using the difference data of the luminance between frames. It may also be something that

[0076] Next, referring to Figure 17, we will explain how to implement the overdrive circuit in a display panel. FIG. 17A is an overall view of the display panel. The display panel is composed of a substrate 1701, It includes a display unit 1702, a peripheral drive circuit 1703, and an overdrive circuit 1704. In addition, a plurality of peripheral driving circuits 1703 and an overdrive circuit 1704 are provided in the display unit 1. 702. Here, the area surrounded by the ellipse 1705 is Explain with reference to (B), (C), and (D).

[0077] Figure 17(B) is a diagram explaining the case where an IC with an overdrive circuit is used. The display panel is composed of a substrate 1701, a display section 1702, a peripheral driving circuit 1711, an over The overdrive circuit 1712 is provided. When an IC is used, the peripheral driving circuit 1711 can use a general-purpose driver IC. This reduces the manufacturing cost. It is desirable that the input video signal of 1712 is an analog value, and the output video signal is also an analog value. .

[0078] Figure 17(C) shows the case where an IC with a built-in peripheral drive circuit and overdrive circuit is used. The display panel includes a substrate 1701, a display unit 1702, and an IC 1721. In this way, the IC with the peripheral drive circuit and overdrive circuit is used. In this case, the number of connections can be reduced, improving the reliability of the display device. In addition, the manufacturing process can be simplified, which reduces the manufacturing cost. At this time, the output video signal of the overdrive circuit in IC1721 is an analog value. It is desirable that there is.

[0079] (D) of FIG. 17 shows a peripheral driving circuit and an overdrive circuit, which are implemented using thin film transistors (TFT ) is used to create a circuit. 1701, a display unit 1702, and a circuit 1731. If a circuit incorporating a bar drive circuit is used, the number of connections can be significantly reduced. This allows for a significant improvement in the reliability of the display device. In this case, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The output video signal of the overdrive circuit may be an analog value or a digital value. It is also possible.

[0080] The driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is combined with a scanning backlight. By doing so, the average brightness of the backlight can be This allows for a reduction in power consumption.

[0081] The scanning backlight will be described with reference to Fig. 15. Fig. 15(A) shows a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). 15A is a diagram showing a scanning backlight in which the scanning backlights shown in FIG. The light source includes a diffusion plate 1501 and N cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1502-1 to 1502-N. N cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1502-1 to 1502-N are arranged in parallel behind the diffuser 1501. The N cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1502-1 to 1502-N are scanned by changing their brightness. This can be done.

[0082] The change in brightness of each cold cathode fluorescent lamp during scanning will be explained using FIG. 15(C). The brightness of the cathode ray tube 1502-1 is changed for a certain period of time. Then, the cold cathode placed next to the cold cathode tube 1502-1 The brightness of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1502-1 is changed for the same period of time. The brightness is changed in order from 1502 to 1502-N. The time-varying brightness is set to be smaller than the original brightness, but it may be larger than the original brightness. Also, although it was said that the cold cathode tubes 1502-1 to 1502-N were scanned, the cold cathodes were scanned in the reverse direction. Tubes 1502-N to 1502-1 may be scanned.

[0083] The driving method of the display device shown in (A) and (B) of Figure 1 is combined with a scanning backlight. By implementing this, a special effect can be achieved. The sub-frame period in which a dark image is inserted in the driving method of (A) and the sub-frame period in which a dark image is inserted in the driving method of (B) shown in FIG. By synchronizing the periods during which the brightness of each cold cathode fluorescent lamp is reduced, it is possible to The same display as in the case of the backlight can be obtained while the average brightness of the backlight can be reduced. Therefore, the power consumption of the backlight, which accounts for the majority of the power consumption of a liquid crystal display device, can be reduced. can be reduced.

[0084] The backlight brightness during the low brightness period is the maximum brightness of the subframe in which the dark image is inserted. Specifically, when a dark image is inserted into 1SF, the 1SF When inserting a dark image into 2SF, the maximum brightness of 2SF is Lmax 2 is preferable. This reduces the amount of light blocked by the liquid crystal element and Since the brightness of the backlight can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced. By reducing the brightness of the backlight, it is possible to reduce light leakage. However, since liquid crystal elements cannot completely block light, light leakage occurs, reducing contrast. However, by reducing the brightness of the backlight, light leakage is reduced and the control The last can be improved.

[0085] In addition, LEDs may be used as the light source of the scanning backlight. The backlight shown in Figure 15(B) is a scanning backlight. , a diffusion plate 1511, and light sources 1512-1 to 1512-N in which LEDs are arranged side by side. When LEDs are used as the light source for a scanning backlight, the backlight can be made thinner and lighter. Another advantage is that the color reproduction range can be expanded. Similarly, the LEDs arranged in parallel with the light sources 1512-1 to 1512-N arranged in parallel with D are Since the backlight can be scanned, it can be a point scanning type backlight. This will further improve the quality of moving images. This is suitable for improving the quality of moving images because it allows for high-speed control of brightness changes.

[0086] The display device driving methods shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B are implemented in combination with high-frequency driving. By doing so, the image quality of the moving image can be further improved.

[0087] High frequency driving will be explained with reference to FIG. 18. (A) of FIG. 18 shows a case where the frame frequency is This is a diagram of the case where a dark image is inserted and driven at 60Hz. 1801 is the frame 1802 is the dark image of the current frame, 1803 is the bright image of the next frame, and 1804 is When driving at 60Hz, the frame rate of the video signal must be adjusted. This has the advantage that it is easy to synthesize and the image processing circuit does not become complicated.

[0088] FIG. 18B shows the results when a dark image is inserted and the frame frequency is 90 Hz. 1811 is a bright image of the frame, 1812 is a dark image of the frame, and 181 3 is a bright image of the first image created from the current frame, the next frame, and the frame after that, 181 4 is a dark image of the first image created from the current frame, the next frame, and the frame after that, 181 5 is a bright image of the second image created from the current frame, the next frame, and the frame after that, 181 6 is a dark image of the second image created from the current frame, the next frame, and the frame after that. When driving at 90Hz, the operating frequency of the peripheral drive circuit does not need to be increased significantly. This has the advantage of effectively improving the image quality of moving images.

[0089] (C) of FIG. 18 shows the result when a dark image is inserted and the frame frequency is 120 Hz. 1821 is a bright image of the frame, 1822 is a dark image of the frame, and 18 23 is a bright image of the image created from the current frame and the next frame, and 1824 is a bright image of the current frame and the next frame. 1825 is the dark image of the image created from the next frame, 1826 is the bright image of the next frame, The dark image of the frame, 1827 is the light image of the image created from the next frame and the frame after that, 18 28 is a dark image of the image created from the next frame and the frame after that. When using this function, the image quality of moving images is significantly improved, and there is an advantage that there is almost no afterimage. There is.

[0090] The driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is to manipulate the potential of the common line, This may be implemented in combination with a driving method for applying a desired voltage to the display element. Therefore, the frequency of writing video signals to pixels is reduced, and the power consumption when writing video signals to pixels is reduced. The common line is a line for increasing the pixel capacitance. It is the wiring to which the storage capacitor element is connected. It also divides one pixel into multiple sub-pixels. Alternatively, the potential of each common line may be individually controlled for display. Since the luminance of each sub-pixel can be made different, the viewing angle can be improved. do.

[0091] The driving for manipulating the potential of the common line will be described with reference to FIG. 14. (A) of FIG. In a display device using a display element with a capacitive property such as a liquid crystal element, one scanning line In contrast to the above, the figure shows multiple pixel circuits when one common line is provided. The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 4(A) includes a transistor 1401, an auxiliary capacitor 1402, a display element 14 03, video signal lines 1404, scanning lines 1405, and common lines 1406.

[0092] The gate electrode of the transistor 1401 is electrically connected to the scanning line 1405. One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the capacitor 1401 is electrically connected to the video signal line 1404. The other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 1401 is connected to the auxiliary capacitor 14 The pixel electrode 1402 is electrically connected to one electrode of the display element 1403. In addition, the other electrode of the auxiliary capacitor 1402 is electrically connected to a common line 1406 .

[0093] First, the pixel selected by the scan line 1405 has the transistor 1401 turned on. Therefore, the display element 1403 and the auxiliary capacitor 1402 are connected to each other via a video signal line 1404. At this time, the video signal is applied to the common line 1406. If the minimum gray level is displayed for all connected pixels, or if the common line If the highest gradation is displayed for all pixels connected to 406, There is no need to write video signals via the video signal line 1404. Instead of writing a video signal through the common line 1406, the display The voltage across element 1403 can be varied.

[0094] The method for changing the voltage applied to the display element 1403 by changing the potential of the common line 1406 is as follows. By combining this with the driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1(A) and 1(B), a particularly large effect can be obtained. That is, when the entire image has a dark tone, the common line 1406 is connected to the The gradation of all pixels that have been inserted will also become dark overall. In a frame, the percentage of pixels that do not emit light at all becomes very large. Instead of writing a video signal through the signal line 1404, the potential of the common line 1406 is changed. This allows the frequency at which the voltage applied to the display element 1403 can be changed to be very high. Similarly, when the entire image has a bright gradation, the image is Instead of writing a video signal to the common line 1406, the potential of the common line 1406 is changed. The frequency with which the voltage applied to 403 can be changed is very large. If the common line 1406 has a lighter gray level, the gray levels of all pixels connected to the common line 1406 are In this case, in the subframe where the bright image is inserted, This is because the proportion of pixels that emit light at the maximum brightness in the frame becomes very large.

[0095] Next, FIG. 14B shows a display device using a display element having a capacitive property such as a liquid crystal element. In a device, when two common lines are arranged for one scanning line, The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 14B includes a transistor 1411, an auxiliary capacitor 1412, a display element 1413, a video signal line 1414, a scanning line 1415, a first common line 1 416 and a second common line 1417.

[0096] The gate electrode of the transistor 1411 is electrically connected to the scanning line 1415. One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the capacitor 1411 is electrically connected to the video signal line 1414. The other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 1411 is connected to the auxiliary capacitor 14 12 and one electrode of the display element 1413. The other electrode of the auxiliary capacitor 1412 is electrically connected to a first common line 1416. In the pixel adjacent to the pixel, the other electrode of the auxiliary capacitance 1412 is 14. The common line 1417 is electrically connected to the common line 1417 of the FET.

[0097] The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 14B has a small number of pixels electrically connected to one common line. Therefore, instead of writing the video signal through the video signal line 1414, the first common line 1 By changing the potential of the common line 416 or the second common line 1417, the potential applied to the display element 1413 is The frequency with which the voltage can be changed is significantly increased. Source inversion driving or dot inversion driving can improve the reliability of the device. This can improve image quality while suppressing flicker.

[0098] In this way, the driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B operates by manipulating the potential of the common line. This is particularly effective when combined with a drive that

[0099] The display devices shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B are driven by current, such as organic EL elements. This may be implemented in combination with a display element that operates in a large amount. Therefore, the writing time can be reduced.

[0100] A method for driving a display element driven by a current will be described with reference to FIG. In a display device using a display element driven by current, such as an electroluminescent element, 16 is a diagram showing a pixel circuit when a transistor 1601, switch elements 1602, 1603, 1604, capacitance element 1605, display element 1 606, a video signal line 1608, a first wiring 1609, and a second wiring 1610, A current source 1607 may be provided outside the region.

[0101] A gate electrode of the transistor 1601 is electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor 1605. One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 1601 is connected to the first wiring 160 9, and the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 1601 is The capacitor 1605 is electrically connected to one electrode of the display element 1606. The other electrode is electrically connected to a first wiring 1609. The other electrode of the switch element 1610 is electrically connected to the second wiring 1610. 602 is a gate electrode of the transistor 1601 and a source electrode of the transistor 1601 The switch element 1603 may be disposed between the drain electrode and the other of the drain electrodes. The other of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the transistor 1601 and one of the display elements 1606 It may be disposed between the electrode that electrically connects the electrodes and the video signal line 1608. The switch element 1604 is connected to the source electrode or drain electrode of the transistor 1601. The display element 1606 may be disposed between the first electrode and one of the electrodes of the display element 1606.

[0102] In the pixel circuit shown in FIG. 16, when a video signal is written, the switching elements 1602 and 1603 1604 may be turned on and 1605 may be turned off. The current flowing between the drains is equal to the current flowing through the current source 1607. The switch elements 1602 and 1603 may be turned off and the switch element 1604 may be turned on. Then, a current equivalent to the current written by the current source 1607 flows through the transistor 1601 and the display. The signal flows through the display element 1606.

[0103] When writing video signals in this way, especially when writing gradations on the low gradation side, If the current value to be written is small, the writing time will be longer due to the parasitic capacitance associated with the video signal line. Therefore, it is better to write as much current as possible. By using the driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the writing time can be shortened. It is possible.

[0104] That is, the driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is as follows: Since the subframe period of is in a non-light emitting state, in the subframe in which the light emitting state is to be Increase the brightness. To increase the brightness, the write current must be increased. Therefore, Therefore, the writing time when writing the low gradation can be shortened.

[0105] In this way, the driving method of the display device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is a method for driving an organic EL element or the like. A particularly large effect is achieved when combined with a current-driven display element.

[0106] The display device driving method shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is combined with interlaced scanning. This can reduce the operating frequency of the peripheral drive circuits. This reduces power consumption. When the image has many pixels that emit light at the highest brightness, or when the image has many pixels that emit light at the highest brightness, In other words, interlacing is effective for images with little change in tone. This is because the loss of resolution due to scanning is small.

[0107] The driving method of the display device shown in (A) and (B) of FIG. 1 is a DA controller that can change the reference potential. This can be implemented in combination with a DA converter circuit. In particular, the efficiency of the image processing can be improved by dividing the subframes into those for displaying a bright image and those for displaying a dark image. It is advantageous to be able to change the reference potential in the subframes shown in FIG. When displaying a bright image and when displaying a dark image, the average potential of the video signal required is This is because the average values ​​are different.

[0108] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, one frame is divided into a plurality of subframes as described in the first embodiment. These multiple sub-frames are divided into two sub-frames, one for mainly displaying images (bright images) and one for mainly displaying moving images. Other embodiments of the method for selectively using the image for reducing image retention (dark image) The following explains the state of the system.

[0109] When dividing the image to be displayed into a bright image and a dark image, the gradation of the image to be displayed is expressed as follows: There are several issues regarding how to distribute the required brightness across multiple subframes. To explain this, in this embodiment, the horizontal axis represents the gradation and the vertical axis represents the The integral luminance is taken as the relationship between the integral luminance and gradation in 1SF, and the integral luminance and gradation in 2SF. Refer to the graph showing the relationship between tone and integrated luminance and tone, which is the sum of 1SF and 2SF. .

[0110] First, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to (A) of FIG. This shows an example of how to distribute the integrated luminance summed over a frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph briefly describes the characteristics of each subframe. The subframes listed in the table as having a constant slope have a constant change in integrated luminance relative to the grayscale. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, the gradation of 2SF is The change in the integrated luminance is constant. Note that (A) in Figure 3 shows the case where the slope value is positive. However, the value of the slope may be 0 or negative. xSF), it refers to the integrated luminance of a subframe other than the subframe in question. Therefore, this represents the case where the integrated luminance of the subframe is determined. Various subframes such as 1SF, 2SF, etc. are applicable. That is, as shown in (A) of FIG. In terms of form, the integrated luminance of 1SF is the total luminance minus the integrated luminance of 2SF. Here, the total luminance is assumed to be determined separately, and in this embodiment, This is because the characteristics of the human eye are taken into account and gamma correction is performed. The total luminance may be linear with respect to the gradation or may be convex upward. It may be a curve, or a combination of a line segment and a curve. The display characteristics may have a mechanism that switches depending on the displayed image, or may be adjusted by the user. It may have a mechanism for adjusting the speed.

[0111] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, the change in integrated luminance with respect to the 2SF grayscale is constant. This simplifies image processing and voltage application, and reduces the load on peripheral drive circuits. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3(A), the same as shown in FIG. 1(A) and FIG. 1(B) Therefore, 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable, and when the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped, The same effect can be obtained even if the brightness in 1SF is greater than that in 2SF. However, it is not limited to this. Even if the brightness in 1SF is smaller than the brightness in 2SF, However, if the total luminance is nonlinear, the smaller luminance in 2SF controls the gradation. This is desirable because it is easier to control.

[0112] Figure 3 (B) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. As shown in Figure 3(B), the table below the graph states that the ratio is constant. The subframes shown above represent the case where the integrated luminance ratio between 1SF and 2SF is equal for each gray scale. That is, in the configuration shown in FIG. 3B, the integrated luminance of 1SF and the integrated luminance of 2SF are This shows the case where the ratio of the component luminance is equal regardless of the gradation. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the larger luminance) is less than 1 and greater than 0.5. In this way, blurring of moving images can be reduced efficiently. In addition, when the ratio is constant, the ratio is constant in both subframes. In other words, there is no case where one is constant and the other is not. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3(B), 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable. The same effect is achieved even if the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are interchanged. The brightness at F is greater than the brightness at 2SF, but this is not limited to this. The luminance in the 2SF may be smaller than the luminance in the 2SF, provided that the total luminance is nonlinear. It is desirable that the luminance in 2SF is small because it is easier to control the gradation.

[0113] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 shows a display screen for displaying multiple grayscales. For example, the subframes are divided into two areas, and each area has a different characteristic. In cases where there is a possibility of a problem, the integrated luminance summed over one frame is distributed between 1SF and 2SF. In this embodiment, the areas are divided into areas 1, 2, and 3, from the low gradation side. ...and explain it.

[0114] In the following description, the fact that the integrated luminance value is continuous at the boundary of the region means that That is, two adjacent regions separated by a region boundary are defined as Among the gradations, the gradations that belong to the low gradation region are called boundary gradations (low), and the gradations that belong to the high gradation region are called boundary gradations (low). The luminance at the boundary gradation (high) is the difference between the luminance at the boundary gradation (high) and the luminance at the boundary gradation (low). When the absolute value of the difference is the boundary brightness difference, the integral brightness value is continuous at the boundary of the region. This means that the boundary luminance difference is equal to or less than a certain value Δx.

[0115] Here, the value of Δx is determined by the brightness at the boundary gradation (high) and the brightness at the boundary gradation (low). The gradation-brightness characteristic we are interested in can take on various values ​​depending on the The continuity of the image (i.e., the image corresponding to the gradation-luminance characteristics of interest) The decision is made from the viewpoint of whether the image is displayed smoothly at the boundary of the area. Specifically, the luminance at the boundary gradation (low) and the luminance at the boundary gradation (low) can be calculated by When the absolute value of the difference in brightness at the next smaller gradation is the first neighborhood boundary brightness difference (low), Δx is , it is preferable that it is about twice the first neighborhood boundary luminance difference (low).

[0116] In this embodiment and other embodiments, as an example, Δx is the first neighbor boundary luminance difference (low ) will be explained as being twice the

[0117] Figure 4 (A) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The table shows that the slope is constant (continuous) (positive slope) in the area 2 column. The subframe has a constant change in integrated luminance relative to the grayscale level, and is located in the adjacent low grayscale area. The integrated luminance value is continuous at the boundary with the other area (area 1), and the gradation in that area is This indicates that the change in integrated luminance has a positive sign. This reduces the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation, reducing flickering during image display. This has the advantage of reducing

[0118] Figure 4 (B) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The area 2 column of the table shows that the slope is constant (continuous) (slope 0). The subframe has a constant change in integrated luminance relative to the grayscale level, and is located in the adjacent low grayscale area. The integrated luminance value is continuous at the boundary with the other area (area 1), and the gradation in that area is This means that the change in the integrated brightness is 0. This has the advantage that image processing and applied voltages are simplified and the load on peripheral driving circuits is reduced.

[0119] (C) in Figure 4 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance summed over one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The table shows that the area 2 column indicates a constant slope (continuous) (negative slope). The subframe has a constant change in integrated luminance relative to the grayscale level, and is located in the adjacent low grayscale area. The integrated luminance value is continuous at the boundary with the other area (area 1), and the gradation in that area is This indicates that the change in integrated luminance has a negative sign. This increases the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation, making it possible to more efficiently reduce blurring in moving images. This can be significantly reduced.

[0120] In the configurations shown in (A), (B), and (C) of Figure 4, 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable. This function has the same effect even if the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped. It should be noted that the luminance in 1SF is greater than the luminance in 2SF, but this is not limiting. The brightness in 1SF may be less than the brightness in 2SF. However, if the total brightness is In the case of linearity, it is preferable that the luminance in 2SF is small, since this makes it easier to control the gradation. In addition, the brightness magnitude relationship between 1SF and 2SF is reversed even though it is individual for each area. The area where the brightness magnitude relationship is reversed may be, for example, only area 1, or It may be only region 2, or it may be region 1 and region 2.

[0121] In this way, when the gradation that can be displayed is divided into multiple areas, The change in integrated luminance (slope value) with respect to the gray scale can take various values. As shown in (D) of 4, the slope value is the tangent of the sum of the integrated luminance at the boundary of the region. That is, the total value of the integrated luminance at the boundary of the region is preferably smaller than the slope of When the gradient of the tangent is θmax, the gradient value θ in the region is -θmax<θ< It is preferable that the angle is within the range of θmax (hatched area in FIG. 4(D)). By being within the range, the change in the integrated luminance relative to the gray scale is rapid, The gradation at the boundary of the area is emphasized, and the phenomenon of unnatural contours occurring can be reduced. can.

[0122] It should be noted that the change in the integrated luminance relative to the gradation is abrupt, and therefore the gradation is not uniform at the boundary of the region. As a way to reduce the phenomenon of unnatural contours being generated due to the emphasis on gradation, In addition to the method shown in FIG. 4, the methods shown in (E) and (F) of FIG. 4 can also be used. (E) and (F) show that the characteristics of each region are the same as those shown in (B) of Figure 4, and the regions The gradation at the boundary between the regions is different. By preparing several brightness distribution modes and switching them as needed, the boundary of the area can be adjusted. This emphasizes the gradation in the image, reducing the occurrence of unnatural contours. This method is applicable not only to the form shown in FIG. 4(B) but also to various other luminance distribution forms. It can be used.

[0123] As a method for switching between a plurality of brightness distribution modes, for example, switching may be performed for each frame. This effectively reduces the occurrence of unnatural contours. The brightness distribution mode may be switched according to the image to be displayed. If a threshold exists for the fabric, it is preferable to set the boundary of the area near the threshold. For example, in the case of a bright image with almost no distribution of gradations below gradation 100, the boundary of the area is It is preferable to set the gradation to around 100. Similarly, the distribution of gradations above 100 is almost Even in the case of a fairly dark image, it is best to set the boundary of the area at a gradation of around 100. By doing this, the number of gradations that cross the threshold range in the displayed image is reduced. Therefore, the gradation is emphasized at the boundary of the area, and the phenomenon of unnatural contours occurring is reduced. This can be done. The threshold may be set depending on the brightness of the image. For example, in the case of an image that is dark overall, For an image that is bright overall, the boundary of the area is set to the low gradation side. By doing so, the displayed image will have gradations that cross the threshold value. As a result, the gradation at the boundary of the area is emphasized, resulting in unnatural contours. can be reduced. The method of switching the brightness distribution mode according to the image to be displayed is the same as the method of switching the brightness distribution mode according to the image to be displayed. It can be applied to various brightness distribution forms, not just between the same forms.

[0124] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows a display screen for displaying multiple grayscales. For example, the subframes are divided into two areas, and each area has a different characteristic. In cases where there is a possibility of a problem, the integrated luminance summed over one frame is distributed between 1SF and 2SF. In particular, for both regions, either subframe A case where the change in integrated luminance relative to the gray level is constant will be described.

[0125] Figure 5 (A) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The feature of 1SF in area 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is constant. At the boundary with the adjacent low-gradation region (region 1), the integrated luminance value is continuous. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 2 of 2SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 1SF. These features simplify image processing and applied voltage, and the peripheral drive This has the advantage of reducing the load on the driving circuit. In addition, the maximum brightness can be reduced in 1SF and 2SF, so power consumption can be reduced. can be reduced.

[0126] Figure 5 (B) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The feature of the 2SF in region 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is constant. and the value of the integrated luminance is larger at the boundary with the adjacent low-gradation region (region 1). The slope is a discontinuous change in the direction of the gradient. The feature in region 2 of 1SF is the sum of the luminance and the luminance of 2SF. By having this characteristic, the brightness at the maximum gradation is The advantage is that the difference in brightness between SF and 2SF is small, which reduces flickering when displaying images. In addition, the brightness change caused by 2SF is simple, so image processing and applied voltage are simple. This has the advantage of reducing the load on the peripheral drive circuit. In this case, the capacity of the memory element can be advantageously reduced.

[0127] (C) in Figure 5 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The feature of 1SF in area 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is constant. and the value of the integrated luminance is smaller at the boundary with the adjacent low-gradation side area (area 1). The slope is a discontinuous change in the direction of the gradient. The feature in region 2 of 2SF is the sum of the luminance and the luminance of 1SF. By having this characteristic, the brightness at the maximum gradation is The advantage is that the difference in brightness between SF and 2SF is small, which reduces flickering when displaying images. be.

[0128] (D) in Figure 5 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The feature of the 2SF in region 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is constant. At the boundary with the adjacent low-gradation region (region 1), the integrated luminance value is continuous. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 2 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. These features simplify image processing and applied voltage, and the peripheral drive This has the advantage of reducing the load on the driving circuit. In addition, the maximum brightness can be reduced in 1SF and 2SF, so power consumption can be reduced. can be reduced.

[0129] (E) in Figure 5 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The feature of 1SF in area 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is constant. and the value of the integrated luminance is larger at the boundary with the adjacent low-gradation region (region 1). The slope is a discontinuous change in the direction of the gradient. The feature in region 2 of 2SF is the sum of the luminance and the luminance of 1SF. By having this characteristic, the brightness at the maximum gradation is The brightness difference between SF and 2SF becomes larger, so blurring of moving images can be reduced efficiently. .

[0130] (F) in Figure 5 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The feature of the 2SF in region 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is constant. and the value of the integrated luminance is smaller at the boundary with the adjacent low-gradation side area (area 1). The slope is a discontinuous change in the direction of the gradient. The feature in region 2 of 1SF is the sum of the luminance and the luminance of 2SF. By having this characteristic, the brightness at the maximum gradation is The brightness difference between SF and 2SF becomes larger, so blurring of moving images can be reduced efficiently. .

[0131] In addition, in the configurations shown in (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) of FIG. , 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable, and when the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped, The same effect is achieved. However, the brightness in 1SF may be smaller than the brightness in 2SF. However, if the total brightness is nonlinear, the smaller brightness in 2SF controls the gradation. It is also possible to reverse the magnitude of brightness between 1SF and 2SF. In addition, the brightness level between 1SF and 2SF is switched individually for each area. The area where the brightness magnitude relationship is reversed may be, for example, only area 1. , it may be only region 2, or it may be region 1 and region 2.

[0132] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows a display screen for displaying multiple grayscales. For example, the subframes are divided into two areas, and each area has a different characteristic. In cases where there is a possibility of a problem, the integrated luminance summed over one frame is distributed between 1SF and 2SF. In particular, in one region, either subframe In the other area, the integral luminance change for the grayscale is constant, and in the other area, the integral of 1SF and 2SF is constant. A case where the partial luminance ratio is equal for each gradation will be described.

[0133] Figure 6 (A) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 1 are expressed as The luminance ratio is equal for each gradation. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the luminance) is less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1 By doing so, the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased. Therefore, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. The characteristic is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is constant, and the area on the adjacent low gradation side (area 1) The integral luminance value is continuous at the boundary with the The feature in region 2 of 1SF is The aim is to obtain a luminance that is in accordance with the luminance of the 2SF. This has the advantage of simplifying image processing and voltage application, reducing the load on peripheral drive circuits. It also reduces the occurrence of unnatural contours. Since the maximum brightness can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced.

[0134] (B) in Figure 6 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 1 are expressed as The luminance ratio is equal for each gradation. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the luminance) is less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1 By doing so, the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased. Therefore, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. The characteristic is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is constant, and the area on the adjacent low gradation side (area 1) The integrated luminance value changes discontinuously in the direction of increasing intensity at the boundary with The slope value can be positive, zero, or negative. The feature of 2 is that the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF are taken. This feature reduces the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation, This has the advantage of reducing flicker when displaying images.

[0135] (C) in Figure 6 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 1 are expressed as The luminance ratio is equal for each gradation. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the luminance) is less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1 By doing so, the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased. Therefore, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. The characteristic is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is constant, and the area on the adjacent low gradation side (area 1) The integrated brightness value changes discontinuously in the direction of decreasing value at the boundary with The slope value can be positive, zero, or negative. The feature of 2 is that the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF are taken. This feature results in a large difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation. This makes it possible to efficiently reduce blur in moving images.

[0136] (D) in Figure 6 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 2 are that the integrated luminance of 1SF and 2SF is The ratio is equal for each gradation and is at the boundary with the adjacent low gradation side area (area 1). The integrated luminance value changes discontinuously in the direction of decrease in 1SF and increase in 2SF. By having this feature, the 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation are This has the advantage that the brightness difference between SFs is reduced, reducing flickering when displaying images. In this case, the ratio (the magnitude of the smaller brightness relative to the larger brightness) is 1 or greater. It is preferable that the value is smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.5. It can be effectively reduced.

[0137] (E) in Figure 6 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 2 are that the integrated luminance of 1SF and 2SF is The ratio is equal for each gradation and is at the boundary with the adjacent low gradation side area (area 1). The value of the integrated luminance is continuous in both 1SF and 2SF. By having this, image processing and applied voltages become simpler, and the load on the peripheral driving circuits is reduced. This has the advantage that it is possible to reduce the occurrence of unnatural contours. In this case, the ratio (the magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the larger luminance) is less than 1. It is preferable that the value is larger than 0.5. By doing so, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. can be reduced.

[0138] (F) in Figure 6 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The feature of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is uniform. The slope value can be positive, 0, or negative. The feature in area 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of 2SF. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 2 are that the integrated luminance of 1SF and 2SF is The ratio is equal for each gradation and is at the boundary with the adjacent low gradation side area (area 1). The integrated luminance value changes discontinuously in the direction of increasing in 1SF and decreasing in 2SF. By having this feature, the 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation are Since the brightness difference of the SF becomes large, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. In this case, the ratio (the magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the larger luminance) is greater than 1. It is preferable that the value is small and larger than 0.5. By doing so, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. This can be significantly reduced.

[0139] In addition, in the configurations shown in (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) of FIG. , 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable, and when the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped, The same effect is achieved. However, the brightness in 1SF may be smaller than the brightness in 2SF. However, if the total brightness is nonlinear, the one with the smaller brightness in 2SF will control the gradation. This is desirable because it is easier to do this. Also, the reason why the brightness magnitude relationship between 1SF and 2SF is reversed is because The brightness level may be changed for each area. It may be only region 1, only region 2, or region 1 and region 2.

[0140] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 7. Fig. 7 shows a display screen for displaying multiple grayscales. For example, the subframes are divided into two areas, and each area has a different characteristic. In cases where there is a possibility of a problem, the integrated luminance summed over one frame is distributed between 1SF and 2SF. This shows an example of the method. In particular, the integrated brightness ratio between 1SF and 2SF for both regions. The case where is equal for each gradation will be described.

[0141] Figure 7 (A) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 1 are expressed as The luminance ratio is equal for each gradation. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the luminance) is less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1 By doing so, the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased. This allows for efficient reduction of blur in moving images. The feature of 2 is that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gradation and The value of the integrated luminance at the boundary with the low gradation area (area 1) is smaller in 1SF. , 2SF change discontinuously in the larger direction. By having this, the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation becomes smaller, so the image display The advantage is that the flickering during the display is reduced. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the This makes it possible to efficiently reduce blur in moving images.

[0142] Figure 7 (B) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of 1SF and 2SF in region 1 are expressed as The luminance ratio is equal for each gradation. The magnitude of the smaller luminance relative to the luminance) is less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1 By doing so, the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased. This allows for efficient reduction of blur in moving images. The feature of 2 is that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gradation and The integrated luminance value at the boundary with the low gradation area (area 1) is larger in 1SF. , 2SF change discontinuously in the small direction. By having this, the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF at maximum gradation becomes large, The blur can be reduced efficiently. In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the larger luminance) The magnitude of the smaller brightness (the magnitude of the smaller brightness) should preferably be less than 1 and greater than 0.5. In this way, blurring of moving images can be reduced efficiently.

[0143] In the configurations shown in (A) and (B) of Figure 7, 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable. The same effect is obtained even if the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are interchanged. The brightness in SF is greater than the brightness in 2SF, but this is not limited to this. The brightness in SF may be smaller than the brightness in 2SF. However, if the total brightness is nonlinear, In this case, it is preferable that the brightness in 2SF is small, since it is easier to control the gradation. The brightness magnitude relationship between SF and 2SF may be switched individually for each area. The area in which the magnitude relationship is reversed may be, for example, only area 1 or only area 2. Alternatively, it may be region 1 and region 2.

[0144] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 8. Fig. 8 shows a display screen for displaying multiple grayscales. For example, the subframes are divided into three areas, and each area has a different characteristic. In cases where there is a possibility of a problem, the integrated luminance summed over one frame is distributed between 1SF and 2SF. In particular, for all regions, either one of the subframes A case where the change in integrated luminance relative to the gray level is constant will be described.

[0145] (A) in Fig. 8 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance summed over one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of the 2SF in areas 1, 2 and 3 are shown in the figure. The change in integrated brightness relative to the irradiance is constant. The feature of 3 is that the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of the other subframe are taken. do.

[0146] (B) in Figure 8 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of area 1 and area 2 of 2SF and area 3 of 1SF are shown in the table below. The change in integrated luminance with respect to tone is constant. The feature in region 3 of F is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of the other subframe. That is the thing.

[0147] (C) in Figure 8 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of area 1 and area 3 of 2SF and area 2 of 1SF are shown in the table below. The change in integrated luminance with respect to tone is constant. The feature in region 2 of F is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of the other subframe. That is the thing.

[0148] (D) in Figure 8 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of area 1 of 1SF and areas 2 and 3 of 2SF are shown in the table below. The change in integrated luminance with respect to tone is constant. 2. The feature in region 3 is the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of the other subframe. That is the thing.

[0149] The value of the slope may be a positive value, 0, or a negative value. We will not go into detail about the differences here, but we will consider the combination of these for all areas. Since the slope can be positive or negative, the values ​​of 1SF and 2SF can be When the brightness difference is large, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small because is positive or negative, the image This has the advantage of reducing flickering during display. Also, when the tilt is 0, image processing The advantages are that the load on the peripheral drive circuits is reduced and the applied voltage is simplified. This reduces the phenomenon of natural contours appearing. Since the power consumption can be reduced, the power consumption can be reduced.

[0150] As already mentioned, the brightness state at the boundary of the area is different from that of the adjacent low-gradation area. Compared to, it changes discontinuously in the larger direction, or it changes continuously, or it changes discontinuously in the smaller direction. This difference is not explained in detail in Figure 8. Although not explained, these combinations can be applied to the boundaries of all regions. As a result of the discontinuous change in brightness at the boundary of the region, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF is large. In this case, blurring of the moving image can be efficiently reduced. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small as a result of discontinuous changes in brightness, the image This has the advantage of reducing flickering during display. In addition, the brightness is continuous at the boundary of the area. In some cases, the image processing and applied voltages are simplified, which reduces the load on the peripheral drive circuits. In addition, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of unnatural contours. Since the maximum brightness can be reduced in 2SF, power consumption can be reduced.

[0151] In the configurations shown in (A), (B), (C), and (D) of FIG. 8, 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable, and the same effect can be achieved even if the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped. The brightness in 1SF is greater than that in 2SF, but this is not limited to this. The brightness in 1SF may be less than the brightness in 2SF. When the brightness is nonlinear, it is easier to control the gradation if the brightness in 2SF is small, so it is desirable It is also preferable that the magnitude of brightness be reversed between 1SF and 2SF. The brightness magnitude relationship between 2SF and 2SF may be switched individually for each area. The area in which the magnitude relationship is reversed may be, for example, only area 1 or only area 2. It may be only region 3, or it may be region 1 and region 2, or it may be region 2 and region 3, or region 3 and region 1, or region 1, region 2 and region 3 may be.

[0152] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 shows a display screen for displaying multiple grayscales. For example, the subframes are divided into three areas, and each area has a different characteristic. In cases where there is a possibility of a problem, the integrated luminance summed over one frame is distributed between 1SF and 2SF. In particular, in two of the three areas, either The change in integrated luminance for one subframe is constant, and the change in the remaining subframe is constant. Next, a case will be described in which the integrated luminance ratio between 1SF and 2SF is equal for each gray scale.

[0153] Figure 9 (A) shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of the 2SF in areas 1 and 2 are expressed as the integral luminance versus gradation. The feature of 1SF in Region 1 and Region 2 is that the change in total brightness is constant. The brightness of the subframe is determined by the brightness of the other subframe. The feature of 2SF in region 3 is that the integral luminance ratio between 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gradation. In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) It is preferable that the value of (size) is smaller than 1 and larger than 0.5. Image blur can be reduced efficiently.

[0154] (B) in Figure 9 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of area 1 of 2SF and area 2 of 1SF are as follows: The change in the integrated luminance in area 1 of 1SF and area 2 of 2SF is constant. The feature of this is that the total luminance and the luminance depend on the luminance of the other subframe. The characteristics of area 3 of F and area 3 of 2SF are that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) The magnitude of the brightness of the light source is preferably less than 1 and greater than 0.5. In this way, blurring of moving images can be reduced efficiently.

[0155] (C) in Figure 9 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of the 2SF in areas 1 and 3 are the integral luminance versus gradation. The feature of 1SF in regions 1 and 3 is that the change in total brightness is constant. The brightness of the subframe is determined by the brightness of the other subframe. The feature of 2SF in region 2 is that the integral luminance ratio between 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gradation. In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) It is preferable that the size is smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.1. Since the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. This can be significantly reduced.

[0156] (D) in Figure 9 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of area 1 of 2SF and area 3 of 1SF are as follows: The change in the integrated luminance in area 1 of 1SF and area 3 of 2SF is constant. The feature of this is that the total luminance and the luminance depend on the luminance of the other subframe. The characteristics of area 2 of F and area 2 of 2SF are that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) The magnitude of the brightness of the light source is preferably less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1. By doing this, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, so the video Image blur can be reduced efficiently.

[0157] (E) in Figure 9 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of the 2SF in areas 2 and 3 are expressed as the integral luminance versus gradation. The feature of 1SF in regions 2 and 3 is that the change in total brightness is constant. The brightness of the subframe is determined by the brightness of the other subframe. The characteristic of 2SF in region 1 is that the integral luminance ratio between 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gradation. In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) It is preferable that the size is smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.1. Since the luminance difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. This can be significantly reduced.

[0158] (F) in Figure 9 shows one method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The table below the graph provides a simple explanation of the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristics of area 2 of 2SF and area 3 of 1SF are as follows: The change in the integrated luminance in area 2 of 1SF and area 3 of 2SF is constant. The feature of this is that the total luminance and the luminance depend on the luminance of the other subframe. The characteristics of area 1 of F and area 1 of 2SF are that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is In this case, the ratio (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) The magnitude of the brightness of the light source is preferably less than 0.5 and greater than 0.1. By doing this, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, so the video Image blur can be reduced efficiently.

[0159] The value of the slope may be a positive value, 0, or a negative value. We will not go into detail about the differences here, but we will consider the combination of these for all areas. Since the slope can be positive or negative, the values ​​of 1SF and 2SF can be When the brightness difference is large, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small because is positive or negative, the image This has the advantage of reducing flickering during display. Also, when the tilt is 0, image processing The advantages are that the load on the peripheral drive circuits is reduced and the applied voltage is simplified. This reduces the phenomenon of natural contours appearing. Since the power consumption can be reduced, the power consumption can be reduced.

[0160] As already mentioned, the brightness state at the boundary of the area is different from that of the adjacent low-gradation area. Compared to, it changes discontinuously in the larger direction, or it changes continuously, or it changes discontinuously in the smaller direction. This difference is not explained in detail in Figure 9. Although not explained, these combinations can be applied to the boundaries of all regions. As a result of the discontinuous change in brightness at the boundary of the region, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF is large. In this case, blurring of the moving image can be efficiently reduced. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small as a result of discontinuous changes in brightness, the image This has the advantage of reducing flickering during display. In addition, the brightness is continuous at the boundary of the area. In some cases, the image processing and applied voltages are simplified, which reduces the load on the peripheral drive circuits. In addition, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of unnatural contours. Since the maximum brightness can be reduced in 2SF, power consumption can be reduced.

[0161] In addition, in the configurations shown in (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) of FIG. , 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable, and when the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped, The same effect is achieved. However, the brightness in 1SF may be smaller than the brightness in 2SF. However, if the total brightness is nonlinear, the smaller brightness in 2SF controls the gradation. This is desirable because it is easier to do this. Also, the reason why the brightness magnitude relationship between 1SF and 2SF is reversed is because The brightness level may be changed individually for each area. It may be only region 1, or only region 2, or only region 3, or It may be region 1 and region 2, region 2 and region 3, or region 3 and region 1. Alternatively, it may be region 1, region 2 and region 3.

[0162] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 10. Fig. 10 shows the gray scales that can be displayed. Divide the image into multiple regions, for example, three regions, and each region has a different subframe. In cases where the integrated luminance of one frame can be distributed between 1SF and 2SF, In particular, in two of the three areas, The integral luminance ratio of F and 2SF is equal in each gradation, and in the remaining one area, either A case where the change in integrated luminance relative to the grayscale level of one subframe is constant will be described. In addition, in all areas, if the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gradation level, We will also explain.

[0163] (A) in Figure 10 shows the method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. This is an example. The table below the graph briefly explains the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristic of the 2SF in region 1 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is The feature in region 1 of 1SF is the total luminance and the other subframe. The aim is to obtain the brightness according to the brightness of the system. The feature of region 3 is that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gray level. The ratio in area 2 (the ratio of the smaller brightness to the larger brightness) It is preferable that the value of (a) is smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.1. The brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, so the blur of moving images can be efficiently reduced. The ratio in region 3 is smaller than 1 and smaller than 0.5. By doing so, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. do.

[0164] (B) in Figure 10 shows the method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. This is an example. The table below the graph briefly explains the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristic of the 2SF in region 2 is that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is The feature of region 2 of 1SF is the total luminance and the other subframe. The aim is to obtain brightness according to the brightness of the system. The feature of region 3 is that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gray level. The ratio in area 1 (the ratio of the smaller luminance to the larger luminance) It is preferable that the value of (a) is smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.1. The brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, so the blur of moving images can be efficiently reduced. The ratio in region 3 is smaller than 1 and smaller than 0.5. By doing so, blurring of moving images can be efficiently reduced. do.

[0165] (C) in Figure 10 shows the method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. This is an example. The table below the graph briefly explains the characteristics of each subframe. The characteristic of the 2SF in region 3 is that the change in the integrated luminance with respect to the gray scale is The feature of 1SF in region 3 is the total luminance and the other subframe. The aim is to obtain brightness according to the brightness of the system. The feature of region 2 is that the integral luminance ratio between 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gray level. The ratio between area 1 and area 2 (the smaller brightness relative to the larger brightness) The magnitude of the brightness of the image is preferably smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.1. By doing so, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, This can efficiently reduce the risk of fire.

[0166] (D) in Figure 10 shows the method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. This is an example. The table below the graph briefly explains the characteristics of each subframe. It is simply a representation of the areas 1, 2, and 3 of 1SF and the areas 1 and 2 of 2SF. The feature of region 3 is that the integral luminance ratio of 1SF and 2SF is equal at each gray level. The ratio between area 1 and area 2 (the smaller brightness relative to the larger brightness) The magnitude of the brightness of the image is preferably smaller than 0.5 and larger than 0.1. By doing so, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF on the low gradation side can be increased, The ratio in region 3 is smaller than 1, It is preferable that the value is larger than 0.5. By doing so, blurring of moving images can be reduced efficiently. It is possible.

[0167] The value of the slope may be a positive value, 0, or a negative value. The differences will not be explained in detail here, but for all areas, these combinations Since the slope can be positive or negative, the 1SF and 2SF When the difference in brightness between the two images is large, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small because the value of the This has the advantage of reducing flickering when displaying an image. Also, when the tilt is 0, the image processing This has the advantage that the process and applied voltage are simplified and the load on the peripheral driving circuits is reduced. It can reduce the natural contour phenomenon. Since the brightness can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced.

[0168] As already mentioned, the brightness state at the boundary of the area is different from that of the adjacent low-gradation area. Compared to, it changes discontinuously in the larger direction, or it changes continuously, or it changes discontinuously in the smaller direction. This difference is not shown in detail in Figure 10. Although not described here, these combinations can be applied to the boundaries of all regions. As a result of the discontinuous change in brightness at the boundary of the area, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF becomes large. In this case, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small as a result of discontinuous changes in brightness, the image This has the advantage of reducing flickering when displaying an image. In this case, image processing and applied voltages are simplified, and the load on the peripheral driving circuits is reduced. It also has the advantage of reducing the occurrence of unnatural contours. Since the maximum brightness can be reduced in 2SF, power consumption can be reduced.

[0169] In the configurations shown in (A), (B), (C) and (D) of FIG. 10, 1SF and 2S F is interchangeable, and the same effect is achieved even if the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are swapped. Although the brightness in 1SF is greater than that in 2SF, this is not limited to this. The brightness in 1SF may be smaller than the brightness in 2SF. If the luminance is nonlinear, it is easier to control the gradation if the luminance at 2SF is small. In addition, the brightness level is reversed between 1SF and 2SF because each area is individually The area where the brightness magnitude relationship is reversed may be, for example, only area 1. It may be only region 2, or only region 3, or both region 1 and region 2. It may be region 2 and region 3, or region 3 and region 1, It may be region 1, region 2, and region 3.

[0170] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 11. Fig. 11 shows the gray scales that can be displayed. This explains an example in which the number of divisions is four or more. As long as there are multiple types of gradation included in each region, the number of regions may be any. Section 11 deals with some of the more distinctive examples.

[0171] (A) in Fig. 11 shows a method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The feature of the method shown in FIG. 11(A) is that the image to be displayed in 2SF is In addition to using it as a dark image, the brightness of the image displayed on 2SF is limited to a few types. The brightness increases step by step as the gradation increases. The goal is to complement the gradation of these areas using the bright image. This makes it easier to create video data for displaying images on peripheral drives. This has the advantage of reducing the load on the circuit. In this case, the number of brightness types displayed on 2SF is reduced, so the overdrive circuit can be simplified. The number of brightness levels displayed on the 2SF ranges from 4 to 16. In addition, the number of divisions into which the displayable gradation is divided is determined by the number of types of luminance displayed in SF. It is preferable that the number is the same as the number.

[0172] (B) in Figure 11 shows a method of distributing the integrated luminance totaled in one frame between 1SF and 2SF. The feature of the method shown in FIG. 11(B) is that the image to be displayed in 1SF is In addition to being used as a bright image, the brightness of the image displayed in 1SF is limited to a few types. The brightness increases step by step as the gradation increases. The goal is to complement the gradation of each region using a dark image. In this case, the brightness of the dark image should be close to 0. By doing this, the image displayed in 1SF This makes it easier to create video data for displaying the image, reducing the load on the peripheral driver circuits. In addition, when combined with overdrive, it can be reduced to 1SF. Since the number of brightness types to be displayed is reduced, there is an advantage that the overdrive circuit can be simplified. In addition, the average brightness of dark images can be significantly reduced, which helps reduce blurring in moving images. The effect of this is remarkable. The number of brightness types displayed in 1SF ranges from 16 to 64. In addition, the number of divisions into which the displayable gradation is divided is preferably the number of divisions of the luminance displayed in SF. It is preferable that the number of types is the same as the number of types. In other words, in one subframe period, the data The digital signal is treated as it is, and the amplitude of the analog signal is small during the other subframe period. (fewer types of discrete values), power consumption can be reduced and the circuit scale can be reduced. Even if analog signals are used in both subframe periods, Since the signal amplitude is reduced, power consumption can be reduced and the circuit scale can be reduced.

[0173] In the configurations shown in (A) and (B) of FIG. 11, 1SF and 2SF are interchangeable. Therefore, even if the characteristics of 1SF and 2SF are interchanged, the same effect is achieved. The brightness in 1SF is greater than the brightness in 2SF, but is not limited to this. The brightness at 1SF may be smaller than that at 2SF. However, if the total brightness is nonlinear, In this case, it is preferable that the luminance in 2SF is small, since it is easier to control the gradation. The brightness magnitude relationship between 1SF and 2SF may be switched individually for each area. The area where the brightness magnitude relationship is reversed may be, for example, only area 1, or area 2. It may be only region 3, or it may be region 1 and region 2, It may be region 2 and region 3, or region 3 and region 1, or region 1 and region 2 and region 3. It may be region 3. The same applies to regions 4 and beyond.

[0174] Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 12. Fig. 12 shows a block diagram of a frame divided into two parts. This explains an example in which the number of subframes to be divided is set to three. There is no limit to the number of rooms, but three rooms will produce particularly beneficial effects. The first subframe period in one frame period is called 1SF, the second subframe period is called The first subframe period is denoted as 2SF, and the third subframe period is denoted as 3SF.

[0175] The horizontal axis of the graphs shown in Figure 12 (A) and (B) represents time, and the vertical solid line represents the number of frames. The vertical dashed lines represent the boundaries of the subframes. The vertical axis represents luminance. That is, (A) and (B) of FIG. 12 show the change in brightness of a certain pixel over time. , which is displayed over five frames.

[0176] Below the horizontal axis is the level of gradation that is displayed in that frame. In other words, in (A) and (B) of FIG. 12, the lowest floor is first It shows the tones, then the low midtones, the middle midtones, the high midtones, and the highest This shows the change in brightness of a pixel over time when gradations are displayed in order of brightness. .

[0177] The method shown in (A) and (B) of FIG. 12 involves changing the brightness in 1SF and 2SF. In 3SF, the brightness is set to 0 or very small. This allows for pseudo-impulse driving. (A) of 12 represents the case where a bright image is displayed on 2SF and a dark image is displayed on 1SF. Also, (B) of FIG. 12 represents the case where a bright image is displayed on 1SF and a dark image is displayed on 2SF.

[0178] Note that in 3SF, by setting the luminance to 0 or very small, an effect of improving the blurring of the moving image can be obtained. Therefore, there is no particular limitation on the maximum luminance Lmax1 of 1SF and the maximum luminance Lmax2 of 2SF. However, when inserting a dark image in 1SF as described in Embodiment 1, it is desirable that Lmax1 is within the range of (1 / 2)Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9 / 10)Lmax2. Also, when inserting a dark image in 2SF, it is desirable that Lmax2 is within the range of (1 / 2)Lmax1 < Lmax2 < (9 / 10)Lmax1. FIG. 12 (C) shows an example of a method of distributing the integrated luminance summed up in one frame among 1SF, 2SF, and 3SF. Also, the table shown below the graph briefly shows the characteristics of each sub-frame. The characteristics in region 1 of 2SF and region 2 of 1SF are that the change in integrated luminance with respect to the gradation is constant. The characteristics in region 1 of 1SF and region 2 of 2SF are that they take the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of other sub-frames. Here, the luminance in region 1 and region 2 of 3SF may be constant at 0. By doing so, the blurring of the moving image can be effectively reduced in the entire region.

[0179] FIG. 12 (D) shows an example of a method of distributing the integrated luminance summed up in one frame among 1SF, 2SF, and 3SF. Also, the table shown below the graph briefly shows the characteristics of each sub-frame.

[0180] ​​​​​​​​​​This is a simple representation of the characteristics. The characteristics of area 1 of 2SF and area 2 of 1SF are as follows: The change in integrated luminance with respect to gray scale is constant. The feature of region 2 is that the total luminance and the luminance according to the luminance of other subframes are taken. In addition, the gradient of the brightness in the area 1 and area 2 of 3SF may be small and constant. In addition, when the maximum brightness of 3SF is Lmax3, Lmax3 is the maximum brightness of 1SF and It is preferable that the brightness of the screen is one-tenth or less of the maximum brightness of the 2SF. In the tonal region, blurring of moving images can be effectively reduced.

[0181] The value of the slope may be a positive value, 0, or a negative value. The differences will not be explained in detail here, but for all areas, these combinations Since the slope can be positive or negative, the 1SF and 2SF When the difference in brightness between the two images is large, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small because the value of the This has the advantage of reducing flickering when displaying an image. Also, when the tilt is 0, the image processing This has the advantage that the process and applied voltage are simplified and the load on the peripheral driving circuits is reduced. It can reduce the natural contour phenomenon. Since the brightness can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced.

[0182] As already mentioned, the brightness state at the boundary of the area is different from that of the adjacent low-gradation area. Compared to, it changes discontinuously in the larger direction, or it changes continuously, or it changes discontinuously in the smaller direction. This difference is not shown in detail in Figure 12. Although not described in detail, these combinations can be applied to the boundaries of all regions. As a result of the discontinuous change in brightness at the boundary of the area, the brightness difference between 1SF and 2SF becomes large. In this case, blurring of the moving image can be reduced efficiently. If the difference in brightness between 1SF and 2SF becomes small as a result of discontinuous changes in brightness, the image This has the advantage of reducing flickering when displaying an image. In this case, image processing and applied voltages are simplified, and the load on the peripheral driving circuits is reduced. It also has the advantage of reducing the occurrence of unnatural contours. Since the maximum brightness can be reduced in 2SF, power consumption can be reduced.

[0183] In the configurations shown in (A), (B), (C) and (D) of FIG. 12, 1SF, 2S F and 3SF are interchangeable, and when the characteristics of 1SF, 2SF, and 3SF are swapped, The same effect can be obtained even if the brightness in 1SF is greater than that in 2SF. However, it is not limited to this. Even if the brightness in 1SF is smaller than the brightness in 2SF, However, if the total luminance is nonlinear, the smaller luminance in 2SF controls the gradation. This is desirable because it is easy to control. Also, even if the brightness magnitude relationship is reversed between 1SF and 2SF, In addition, the magnitude relationship of the brightness of 1SF and 2SF may be reversed only in the area 1. Only 2 can have the brightness magnitude relationship between 1SF and 2SF reversed, and 1S can be used in areas 1 and 2. The magnitude relationship of the luminance of F and 2SF may be reversed.

[0184] All of the embodiments described in this embodiment are implemented in combination with overdrive driving. This can increase the response speed of the liquid crystal display element and improve the image quality of moving images. It is possible.

[0185] All of the embodiments described in this embodiment are liquid crystal displays combined with a scanning backlight. This can reduce the average brightness of the backlight. , power consumption can be reduced.

[0186] All of the embodiments described in this embodiment may be implemented in combination with high-frequency driving. By doing so, the image quality of the moving image can be further improved.

[0187] In all the embodiments described in this embodiment, the potential of the common line is manipulated to provide a desired display element. This may be implemented in combination with a driving method that applies a voltage of The frequency of writing to pixels is reduced, which reduces the power consumption when writing video signals to pixels. It is possible.

[0188] All of the embodiments described in this embodiment are based on display elements driven by current, such as organic EL elements. This can increase the video signal current. Therefore, the writing time can be reduced.

[0189] All of the embodiments described in this embodiment are implemented in combination with interlaced scanning. This allows the operating frequency of the peripheral drive circuits to be reduced, reducing power consumption. This reduces power consumption. In particular, dark images have many pixels that do not emit light. It is effective when the image has many pixels that emit light at the highest brightness, or when the image is bright. In other words, for images with little change in gradation, the resolution by interlaced scanning is This is because there is little decrease in the degree of

[0190] All of the embodiments described in this embodiment are DA converter circuits that can change the reference potential. This can improve the efficiency of the DA converter circuit. In particular, it is possible to separate a subframe that displays a bright image and a subframe that displays a dark image. It is effective to change the reference potential in the frame. The average potential of the video signal required when displaying a dark image differs from that when displaying a dark image. This is the case.

[0191] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes.

[0192] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, the pixel structure of a display device will be described. The elementary structure will be explained.

[0193] FIG. 19 shows a TN (Twisted Nematic) pixel structure of a liquid crystal display device. The cross-sectional view of a pixel when a thin film transistor (TFT) is combined with the formula 19A is a cross-sectional view of the pixel, and FIG. 19B is a top view of the pixel. 19A is a cross-sectional view of the pixel shown in FIG. 19B. This corresponds to the line a-a' in the plan view. By doing so, it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device at low cost. The liquid crystal display device of the basic structure may be combined with other embodiments such as the first and second embodiments. By implementing the above in combination, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device with improved image quality for moving images at low cost. do.

[0194] The pixel structure of a TN liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to Fig. 19(A). A display device has a key component called a liquid crystal panel that displays images. Two processed substrates are bonded together with a gap of several micrometers, and liquid is placed between the two substrates. In FIG. 19A, the first substrate is a The first substrate is a substrate 1901, and the second substrate is a substrate 1916. The first substrate is a substrate for TFTs and pixel electrodes. The second substrate is provided with a light-shielding film 1914, a color filter 1915, a fourth conductive film 1916, and a second conductive film 1918. An electrode layer 1913, a spacer 1917, and a second alignment film 1912 may be fabricated.

[0195] It is possible to carry out the method without fabricating a TFT on the first substrate 1901. In this case, the number of steps is reduced, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The simple structure allows for improved yield. If this is done, a larger display device can be obtained.

[0196] The TFT shown in FIG. 19 is a bottom gate type TFT using an amorphous semiconductor. However, it has the advantage that it can be manufactured inexpensively using a substrate with a large area. The structure of the TFT that can be used is the channel etch type for bottom gate type TFTs. There are also types such as channel protection type and top gate type. Furthermore, it is an amorphous semiconductor. In addition, polycrystalline semiconductors can also be used.

[0197] It is possible to implement the present invention without forming the light-shielding film 1914 on the second substrate 1916. When the method is performed without fabricating 914, the number of steps is reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the structure is simple, which improves the yield. When the light film 1914 is produced and implemented, it is necessary to obtain a display device with little light leakage when displaying black. can be done.

[0198] It is possible to implement the present invention without forming the color filter 1915 on the second substrate 1916 . When the color filter 1915 is not fabricated, the number of steps is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, the simple structure allows for improved yield. On the other hand, if a color filter 1915 is produced and used, color display is possible. A display device can be obtained.

[0199] It should be noted that the spacers 1917 are not formed on the second substrate 1916, but spherical spacers are scattered. If it is done by scattering spherical spacers, the number of steps is reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the structure is simple, so the yield is high. On the other hand, when the spacer 1917 is fabricated, the space Since the position of the display panel does not vary, the distance between the two substrates can be made uniform, eliminating unevenness in the display. A smaller display device can be obtained.

[0200] Next, a description will be given of processing performed on the first substrate 1901. The first substrate 1901 has a light-transmitting property. A substrate having a thickness of 100 nm or less is suitable, and may be, for example, a quartz substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The first substrate 1901 may be a light-shielding substrate, such as a semiconductor substrate or an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate. A (on-on-insulator) substrate may also be used.

[0201] First, a first insulating film 1902 may be formed on a first substrate 1901. 02 is silicon oxide film, silicon nitride film, silicon oxynitride film (SiOxNy), etc. Alternatively, the insulating film may be a laminated film that combines at least two of these films. In the case where the first insulating film 1902 is formed, the insulating film This prevents these impurities from affecting the semiconductor layer and changing the properties of the TFT. Since the first insulating film 1902 can be formed, a highly reliable display device can be obtained. When the method is carried out without using a membrane, the number of steps is reduced, and therefore the production cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the simple structure allows for improved yield.

[0202] Next, a first conductive layer 1903 is formed on the first substrate 1901 or the first insulating film 1902. The first conductive layer 1903 may be formed by processing its shape. The process is preferably as follows: First, a first conductive layer is formed on the entire surface. At this time, a film forming device such as a sputtering device or a CVD device may be used. A photosensitive resist material is formed on the entire surface of the first conductive layer. Using lithography or laser direct writing, etc., resist material is applied according to the shape you want to form. Next, the exposed or unexposed resist material is One of them is removed by etching to form a first conductive layer 1903. Then, a mask for forming a shape can be obtained. The first conductive layer 1903 is then removed by etching, leaving the first conductive layer 1903 in a desired pattern. The first conductive layer 1903 can be shaped. There are two methods for etching: chemical (wet etching) and physical (dry etching). ) but the material of the first conductive layer 1903 and the material below the first conductive layer 1903 The material used for the first conductive layer 1903 is Mo. , Ti, Al, Nd, Cr, etc. are suitable. Alternatively, a laminate structure of these may be used. Furthermore, these alloys are formed as a single layer or a laminate structure as the first conductive layer 1903. You may do so.

[0203] Next, a second insulating film 1904 is formed. At this time, a sputtering device or a CVD device is used. Any film forming apparatus may be used. The material used for the second insulating film 1904 is a thermal oxide film. A silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like is suitable. The second semiconductor layer 1905 may have a laminated structure. It is particularly preferable that the insulating film 1904 is a silicon oxide film. This is because the trap level at the interface with the semiconductor layer 1905 is reduced when the film is made of silicon. When the first conductive layer 1903 is made of Mo, the first conductive layer 1903 is in contact with the Mo layer. The second insulating film 1904 in the portion is preferably a silicon nitride film. This is because it does not oxidize o.

[0204] Next, a first semiconductor layer 1905 is formed. Then, a second semiconductor layer 1906 is formed. It is preferable to form the first semiconductor layer 1905 and the second semiconductor layer 1906. The shape may be processed by the above-mentioned photolithography. The material used for the first semiconductor layer 1905 is Silicon or silicon germanium is suitable for the second semiconductor layer 190. The material used for 6 is preferably silicon containing phosphorus or the like.

[0205] Next, the second conductive layer 1907 is formed. At this time, a sputtering method or a printing method is used. It is preferable that the material used for the second conductive layer 1907 is transparent. It may be reflective. If it is transparent, it may be made of, for example, indium oxide with tin oxide. Indium tin oxide (ITO) film mixed with silicon dioxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) Indium tin silicon oxide film mixed with zinc oxide, indium oxide mixed with zinc oxide A zinc oxide (IZO) film, a zinc oxide film, or a tin oxide film can be used. IZO is a material that is sputtered using a target in which 2 to 20 wt% zinc oxide is mixed with ITO. On the other hand, when it has reflectivity, it is a transparent conductive material formed by plating. O, Ta, Cr, W, Al, etc. can be used. Also, Ti, Mo, Ta, Cr, Two-layer structure with W and Al laminated together, Al sandwiched between metals such as Ti, Mo, Ta, Cr, and W The second conductive layer 1907 may be formed by processing the shape. The method for processing the shape is preferably the above-mentioned photolithography method or the like. The etching method is preferably dry etching. The etching is done by ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) and I High density plasma source such as CP (Inductive Coupled Plasma) This may be done by using a dry etching apparatus.

[0206] The wiring and electrodes are made of aluminum (Al), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), and Butan (Mo), Tungsten (W), Neodymium (Nd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Scandium (Sc), Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Niobium (Nb), Silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), boron (B), arsenic (As), gallium (Ga), indium ( One or more elements selected from the group consisting of In, tin (Sn), and oxygen (O), if or a compound or alloy material containing one or more elements selected from the group (for example, Indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), silicon oxide added Indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum neodymium (Al-Nd), magnesium silver (M g-Ag), or a combination of these compounds. Or, compounds of these with silicon (silicides) (e.g., aluminum silicon, molybdenum, etc.) Nitrided silicon, nickel silicide, etc.) and their compounds with nitrogen (e.g., nitride It is formed of silicon (Si ) may contain a large amount of n-type impurities (such as phosphorus) or p-type impurities (such as boron). The inclusion of these impurities improves the conductivity and makes the material behave like a normal conductor. Therefore, it can be easily used as wiring or electrodes. It may be polycrystalline (polysilicon) or amorphous (amorphous silicon). By using crystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon, the resistance can be reduced. By using amorphous silicon, it can be manufactured using a simple manufacturing process. Aluminum and silver have high conductivity, which can reduce signal delay and are easy to etch. Copper has high conductivity, which reduces signal delay. Molybdenum can be used in oxide semiconductors such as ITO and IZO, and in combination with silicon. Even if they come into contact, they can be manufactured without causing problems such as material defects, and etching can be performed. Titanium is desirable because it is easy to apply and has high heat resistance. Even if it comes into contact with oxide semiconductors or silicon, problems such as material defects may occur. Tungsten is desirable because it can be manufactured without heat and has high heat resistance. Neodymium is desirable because it has high heat resistance. When alloyed with aluminum, the heat resistance improves and the aluminum prevents hillocks from forming. Silicon is preferably formed at the same time as the semiconductor layer of the transistor. It is desirable because it can be easily formed and has high heat resistance. Indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin oxide doped with silicon oxide, zinc oxide, silicon Since silicon (Si) has translucency, it can be used in areas where light is transmitted. For example, it can be used as a pixel electrode or a common electrode.

[0207] The wiring and electrodes may be formed in a single layer, or may have a multi-layer structure. By forming it in a single layer structure, the manufacturing process can be simplified and the number of days required for the process can be reduced. In addition, by using a multi-layer structure, each material can be By utilizing the advantages of the material and reducing its disadvantages, it is possible to form high-performance wiring and electrodes. For example, by including a low-resistivity material (such as aluminum) in the multilayer structure, By using this material, it is possible to reduce the resistance of the wiring. For example, a material with low heat resistance but other advantages can be replaced with a material with high heat resistance. By using a sandwiched laminated structure, the heat resistance of the wiring and electrodes as a whole can be increased. For example, a layer containing aluminum is sandwiched between layers containing molybdenum or titanium. It is desirable to have a laminated structure that is shaped like a metal. For example, if one material is mixed with another, They get into the materials and change their properties, making them unable to fulfill their intended purpose or making them unsuitable for manufacturing. When manufacturing, problems may occur and normal manufacturing may not be possible. , the problem can be solved by sandwiching or covering one layer with another. For example, if you want to contact indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum, you need to use the following: It is desirable to sandwich titanium or molybdenum. Also, silicon and aluminum are in contact with each other. If this is not possible, it is desirable to sandwich titanium or molybdenum between them.

[0208] Next, the channel region of the TFT is formed. At this time, the second conductive layer 1907 is used as a mask. The second semiconductor layer 1906 may be etched using the mask. Since the number of the conductive second electrodes can be reduced, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The second semiconductor layer 1906 is selectively removed by etching the semiconductor layer 1906. As a result, the first semiconductor layer 190 overlapping the removed second semiconductor 1906 is 5 becomes a channel region. When the second semiconductor layer 1906 is etched, the first semiconductor layer In some cases, a part of the first semiconductor layer 1905 is etched. The second semiconductor layer 1906 is not formed continuously, and after the first semiconductor layer 1905 is formed, the TF A stopper film is formed and patterned in the area that will become the channel region of T, and then In this way, the second conductive layer 1907 may be formed. Since the channel region of the TFT can be formed without using a mask, the layout is The advantage is that the degree of freedom in the patterning of the second semiconductor layer 1906 is increased. Since the first semiconductor layer 1905 is not etched during etching, etching defects do not occur. This has the advantage that the channel region of the TFT can be formed reliably without scraping.

[0209] Next, a third insulating film 1908 is formed. The third insulating film is preferably transparent. The material used for the third insulating film 1908 is an inorganic material (silicon oxide, nitride, etc.). Silicon, silicon oxynitride, etc.) or organic compound materials with low dielectric constant (photosensitive or non-sensitive) A photosensitive organic resin material is suitable. A material containing siloxane may also be used. Siloxane is a material whose skeletal structure is made up of bonds between silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). As a substituent, an organic group containing at least hydrogen (e.g., an alkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon) A fluoro group may be used as a substituent. Alternatively, at least one of the following may be used as a substituent: Alternatively, an organic group containing hydrogen and a fluoro group may be used. The third insulating film 1908 may be formed by processing its shape. The method for this is preferably the above-mentioned photolithography method. At the same time, the second insulating film 1904 is also etched, so that the second conductive layer 1907 is reached. Not only the contact hole but also the contact hole reaching the first conductive layer 1903 is formed. The surface of the third insulating film 1908 should be as flat as possible. This is because the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is affected by the unevenness of the surface that the liquid crystal contacts. Because.

[0210] Next, the third conductive layer 1909 is formed. At this time, a sputtering method or a printing method is used. The material used for the third conductive layer 1909 is preferably the same as that used for the second conductive layer 1907. Similarly, the third conductive layer 190 may be transparent or reflective. The material that can be used for the third conductive layer 9 may be the same as that for the second conductive layer 1907. The second conductive layer 1909 may be formed by processing the shape. It can be the same as 07.

[0211] Next, a first alignment film 1910 is formed. The alignment film 1910 is made of a polymer such as polyimide. After the first alignment film 1910 is formed, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled. To achieve this, rubbing may be performed by rubbing the alignment film with a cloth. This is the process of making lines on the alignment film. By rubbing, alignment is given to the alignment film. You can have it.

[0212] The first substrate 1901 prepared as above, the light-shielding film 1914, and the color filter 1915 The fourth conductive layer 1913, the spacer 1917, and the second alignment film 1912 were formed. The two substrates 1916 are bonded together with a sealant, leaving a gap of a few micrometers. A liquid crystal panel can be fabricated by injecting liquid crystal material 1911 between the substrates. In the TN type liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. 16 may be formed on the entire surface.

[0213] Next, we will explain the characteristics of the pixel structure of a TN liquid crystal panel shown in Figure 19. The liquid crystal molecule 1918 shown in (A) is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. In order to indicate the orientation of 1918, in Figure 19(A) it is expressed by its length. That is, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 1918 is parallel to the paper surface. The shorter the liquid crystal molecule, the closer its long axis is to the normal direction of the paper. In other words, the liquid crystal molecules 1918 shown in FIG. The direction of the long axis of the one closest to the second substrate 1916 is different by 90 degrees. The direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 1918 located between these two molecules is such that it smoothly connects them. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 1918 shown in FIG. 19A are oriented in the direction of the first substrate. The orientation is twisted by 90 degrees between 1901 and the second substrate 1916. .

[0214] Next, referring to FIG. 19B, an example of a pixel layout of a TN type liquid crystal display device will be described. The pixels of a TN type liquid crystal display device are connected to a scanning line 1921 and a video signal line 1922. 22, a capacitance line 1923, a TFT 1924, a pixel electrode 1925, and a pixel capacitance 1926 and

[0215] The scanning line 1921 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the TFT 1924, and therefore, the first conductive Preferably, it is made up of layer 1903.

[0216] The video signal line 1922 is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 1924. Therefore, it is preferable that the scanning line 19 is made of the second conductive layer 1907. 21 and the video signal lines 1922 are arranged in a matrix, so that at least the It is preferably formed from a conductive layer.

[0217] The capacitance line 1923 is arranged in parallel with the pixel electrode 1925 to form a pixel capacitance 1926. It is preferable that the wiring is made of the first conductive layer 1903. As shown in FIG. 19B, the capacitance line 1923 is connected to the video signal line 1922. The signal line 1922 may be extended to surround the signal line 1922. The phenomenon in which the potential of the electrode that should maintain the potential changes as the potential of 2 changes. It is possible to reduce crosstalk. In order to achieve this, as shown in FIG. 19B, the first semiconductor layer 1905 is projected as a capacitor line 1923. It may be provided in the crossing region of the image signal lines 1922.

[0218] The TFT 1924 serves as a switch for connecting the video signal line 1922 and the pixel electrode 1925. As shown in FIG. 19B, the source region or drain region of the TFT 1924 One of the two in-regions is arranged to surround the other of the source and drain regions. This allows a large channel width to be obtained in a small area, As shown in FIG. 19B, the TFT1924 The gate electrode may be disposed so as to surround the first semiconductor layer 1905 .

[0219] The pixel electrode 1925 is electrically connected to either the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 1924. The pixel electrode 1925 is connected to the liquid crystal panel 1921. The electrodes are used to provide the liquid crystal element. In addition, the capacitor line 1923 and the pixel capacitor 1926 are formed. This may serve to hold the signal voltage transmitted by the video signal line 1922. As shown in FIG. 19B, the pixel electrode 1925 can have a rectangular shape. By doing so, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased, so that the liquid crystal display The efficiency of the display device is improved. In addition, when the pixel electrode 1925 is made of a transparent material, A transmissive liquid crystal display device can be obtained. A transmissive liquid crystal display device has excellent color reproducibility. In addition, the pixel electrode 1925 can be made of a reflective material. When the display device is made of a material having such a property, a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained. LCD displays have high visibility in bright environments such as outdoors, and are suitable for applications where backlighting is not required. Since the pixel electrode 1925 is made of a transparent material, the power consumption can be reduced. When made using both a material with a transparent property and a material with a reflective property, the advantages of both can be combined. A semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device having the pixel electrode 1925 can be obtained. If the pixel electrode 1925 is made of a material having a rough surface, the surface of the pixel electrode 1925 may be roughened. This has the advantage that the reflected light is diffused, reducing the angle dependency of the intensity distribution of the reflected light. In other words, it is possible to obtain a reflective liquid crystal display device that has a constant brightness regardless of the viewing angle. This can be done.

[0220] Next, referring to FIG. 20, the liquid crystal display in VA (Vertical Alignment) mode The display device will be described. FIG. 20 shows the alignment control pixel structure of the VA mode liquid crystal display device. By using protrusions, the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled to take on various orientations, widening the viewing angle. , so-called MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) 20A is a cross-sectional view of a pixel, and FIG. 20B is a top view of a pixel. 20(B) is a top view of the pixel. Also, the cross-sectional view of the pixel shown in FIG. 20(A) is the same as that shown in FIG. This corresponds to the line segment a-a' in the top view of the pixel shown in (B) of FIG. By using a liquid crystal display device with this structure, the viewing angle is wide, the response speed is fast, and the contrast is high. Furthermore, a liquid crystal display device with a pixel structure shown in FIG. The display device may be implemented in combination with other embodiments such as the first and second embodiments. This has resulted in improved picture quality for moving images, a wider viewing angle, faster response time, and higher contrast. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device with a high image quality can be realized.

[0221] The pixel structure of an MVA liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to Fig. 20(A). A liquid crystal display device has a key component called a liquid crystal panel that displays images. Two processed substrates are bonded together with a gap of several μm between them. In FIG. 20A, the two substrates are the first The first substrate has a TFT and a pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a light-shielding film 2014, a color filter 2015, and a fourth The conductive layer 2013, the spacer 2017, the second alignment film 2012, and the alignment control protrusion 20 19 may be produced.

[0222] It is possible to carry out the method without fabricating a TFT on the first substrate 2001. In this case, the number of steps is reduced, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The simple structure allows for improved yield. If this is done, a larger display device can be obtained.

[0223] The TFT shown in FIG. 20 is a bottom gate type TFT using an amorphous semiconductor. However, it has the advantage that it can be manufactured inexpensively using a substrate with a large area. The structure of the TFT that can be used is the channel etch type for bottom gate type TFTs. There are also types such as channel protection type and top gate type. Furthermore, it is an amorphous semiconductor. In addition, polycrystalline semiconductors can also be used.

[0224] It is possible to implement the present invention without forming the light-shielding film 2014 on the second substrate 2016. When the method is carried out without fabricating 014, the number of steps is reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the structure is simple, which improves the yield. When fabricating and implementing the light film 2014, it is necessary to obtain a display device with little light leakage when displaying black. can be done.

[0225] It is possible to implement the present invention without forming the color filter 2015 on the second substrate 2016 . If the process is carried out without fabricating the color filter 2015, the number of steps is reduced, so the manufacturing cost is In addition, the simple structure allows for improved yield. On the other hand, if a color filter 2015 is produced and used, color display is possible. A display device can be obtained.

[0226] It should be noted that the spacers 2017 are not formed on the second substrate 2016, but spherical spacers are scattered. If it is done by scattering spherical spacers, the number of steps is reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the structure is simple, so the yield is high. On the other hand, when the spacer 2017 is fabricated, the space Since the position of the display panel does not vary, the distance between the two substrates can be made uniform, eliminating unevenness in the display. A smaller display device can be obtained.

[0227] Next, the first substrate 2001 may be processed using the method described with reference to FIG. Here, a first substrate 2001, a first insulating film 2002, a first conductive layer 2003, and a 003, a second insulating film 2004, a first semiconductor layer 2005, a second semiconductor layer 2006, The second conductive layer 2007, the third insulating film 2008, the third conductive layer 2009, the first alignment film 20 19. 10 respectively correspond to the first substrate 1901, the first insulating film 1902, and the first A conductive layer 1903, a second insulating film 1904, a first semiconductor layer 1905, a second semiconductor layer 1906, a 06, a second conductive layer 1907, a third insulating film 1908, a third conductive layer 1909, a first wiring Although not shown, the alignment control protrusions are also provided on the first substrate side. By doing so, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled more reliably. The first alignment film 2010 and the second alignment film 2012 may be vertical alignment films. This allows the liquid crystal molecules 2018 to be aligned vertically.

[0228] The first substrate 2001, the light-shielding film 2014, and the color filter 2015 are then combined. The fourth conductive layer 2013, the spacer 2017, and the second alignment film 2012 were formed. The two substrates 2016 are bonded together with a sealant, leaving a gap of a few micrometers. A liquid crystal panel can be fabricated by injecting liquid crystal material 2011 between the substrates. In the MVA type liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. Alternatively, the fourth conductive layer 2013 may be formed on the entire surface of the fourth conductive layer 2016. The shape of the alignment control protrusion 2019 is not limited. It is preferable that the shape has a smooth curved surface. Since the orientation of the second alignment film 2018 is very close to that of the first alignment film 2018, the orientation failure is reduced. 12 is cut off by the alignment control protrusion 2019, Defects can also be reduced.

[0229] Next, we will explain the characteristics of the pixel structure of the MVA liquid crystal panel shown in Figure 20. The liquid crystal molecule 2018 shown in (A) of Fig. 0 is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. In order to indicate the direction of the child 2018, in (A) of FIG. 20, the length is used to indicate the direction. That is, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 2018 is parallel to the paper surface. The shorter the liquid crystal molecule (2018), the closer its long axis is to the normal direction of the paper. In other words, the liquid crystal molecule 2018 shown in FIG. 20(A) is aligned such that the direction of its long axis is Therefore, the part with the alignment control protrusion 2019 The liquid crystal molecules 2018 are aligned radially around the alignment control protrusion 2019. By adopting this state, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained.

[0230] Next, referring to FIG. 20B, an example of a pixel layout of an MVA liquid crystal display device will be described. The pixels of the MVA type liquid crystal display device are formed by a scanning line 2021 and a video signal line 2022. 2022, a capacitance line 2023, a TFT 2024, a pixel electrode 2025, and a pixel capacitance 20 26 and an alignment control protrusion 2019.

[0231] The scanning line 2021 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the TFT 2024, and therefore, the first conductive Preferably, it is made up of layer 2003.

[0232] The video signal line 2022 is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2024. Therefore, it is preferable that the scanning line 20 is made of the second conductive layer 2007. 21 and the video signal lines 2022 are arranged in a matrix. It is preferably formed from a conductive layer.

[0233] The capacitance line 2023 is arranged in parallel with the pixel electrode 2025 to form a pixel capacitance 2026. It is preferably made of the first conductive layer 2003. As shown in FIG. 20B, the capacitance line 2023 is connected to the video signal line 2022. The signal line 2022 may be extended to surround the signal line 2022. The phenomenon in which the potential of the electrode that should maintain the potential changes as the potential of 2 changes. It is possible to reduce crosstalk. In order to achieve this, as shown in FIG. 20B, the first semiconductor layer 2005 is projected as a capacitor line 2023. It may be provided in the crossing region of the image signal lines 2022.

[0234] The TFT 2024 acts as a switch that connects the video signal line 2022 and the pixel electrode 2025. As shown in FIG. 20B, the source region or drain region of the TFT2024 One of the two in-regions is arranged to surround the other of the source and drain regions. This allows a large channel width to be obtained in a small area, As shown in FIG. 20(B), the TFT2024 The gate electrode may be disposed so as to surround the first semiconductor layer 2005 .

[0235] The pixel electrode 2025 is electrically connected to either the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2024. The pixel electrode 2025 is connected to the liquid crystal panel 2021. The electrodes are used to provide a voltage to the liquid crystal element. This may serve to hold the signal voltage transmitted by the video signal line 2022. As shown in FIG. 20B, the pixel electrode 2025 can have a rectangular shape. By doing so, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased, so that the liquid crystal display In addition, when the pixel electrode 2025 is made of a transparent material, A transmissive liquid crystal display device can be obtained. A transmissive liquid crystal display device has excellent color reproducibility. In addition, the pixel electrode 2025 can be formed as a reflective When the display device is made of a material having such a property, a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained. LCD displays have high visibility in bright environments such as outdoors, and are suitable for applications where backlighting is not required. Since the pixel electrode 2025 is made of a transparent material, the power consumption can be reduced. When made using both a material with a transparent property and a material with a reflective property, the advantages of both can be combined. It is to be noted that the pixel electrode 2025 may be formed as a reflective liquid crystal display device. If the pixel electrode 2025 is made of a material having a rough surface, the surface of the pixel electrode 2025 may be roughened. This has the advantage that the reflected light is diffused, reducing the angle dependency of the intensity distribution of the reflected light. In other words, it is possible to obtain a reflective liquid crystal display device that has a constant brightness regardless of the viewing angle. This can be done.

[0236] Next, referring to FIG. 21, the liquid crystal display in VA (Vertical Alignment) mode Another example of a display device will be described. FIG. 21 shows a pixel structure of a VA mode liquid crystal display device. By patterning the fourth conductive layer 2113, the liquid crystal molecules can be oriented in various directions. This allows for a wider viewing angle, and is called PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) 21A is a cross-sectional view and a top view of a pixel in the LC alignment method. 21(A) is a cross-sectional view of the pixel, and FIG. 21(B) is a top view of the pixel. The cross-sectional view of the pixel corresponds to the line a-a' in the top view of the pixel shown in FIG. 21(B). By using a liquid crystal display device having the pixel structure shown in FIG. A liquid crystal display device with high speed and high contrast can be obtained. The liquid crystal display device having the pixel structure shown in FIG. 1 may be combined with other embodiments such as the first and second embodiments. By combining these, the image quality of moving images has been improved, the viewing angle has been widened, and the response speed has been increased. This makes it possible to realize a liquid crystal display device with high contrast.

[0237] The pixel structure of a PVA liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to Fig. 21(A). A liquid crystal display device has a key component called a liquid crystal panel that displays images. Two processed substrates are bonded together with a gap of several μm between them. In FIG. 21(A), the two substrates are the first The first substrate has a TFT and a pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a light-shielding film 2114, a color filter 2115, and a fourth A conductive layer 2113, a spacer 2117, and a second alignment film 2112 may be fabricated.

[0238] It is possible to carry out the method without fabricating a TFT on the first substrate 2101. In this case, the number of steps is reduced, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The simple structure allows for improved yield. If this is done, a larger display device can be obtained.

[0239] The TFT shown in FIG. 21 is a bottom gate type TFT using an amorphous semiconductor. However, it has the advantage that it can be manufactured inexpensively using a substrate with a large area. The structure of the TFT that can be used is the channel etch type for bottom gate type TFTs. There are also types such as channel protection type and top gate type. Furthermore, it is an amorphous semiconductor. In addition, polycrystalline semiconductors can also be used.

[0240] It is possible to implement the present invention without forming the light-shielding film 2114 on the second substrate 2116. When the method is carried out without fabricating 114, the number of steps is reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the structure is simple, which improves the yield. When the light film 2114 is produced and implemented, it is necessary to obtain a display device with little light leakage when displaying black. can be done.

[0241] It is possible to implement this without forming the color filter 2115 on the second substrate 2116. When the color filter 2115 is not fabricated, the number of steps is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, the simple structure allows for improved yield. On the other hand, when a color filter 2115 is produced, color display is possible. A display device can be obtained.

[0242] It should be noted that the spacers 2117 are not formed on the second substrate 2116, but spherical spacers are scattered. If it is done by scattering spherical spacers, the number of steps is reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the structure is simple, so the yield is high. On the other hand, when the spacer 2117 is fabricated, the space Since the position of the display panel does not vary, the distance between the two substrates can be made uniform, eliminating unevenness in the display. A smaller display device can be obtained.

[0243] Next, the first substrate 2101 may be processed using the method described with reference to FIG. Here, the first substrate 2101, the first insulating film 2102, the first conductive layer 2103, 103, a second insulating film 2104, a first semiconductor layer 2105, a second semiconductor layer 2106, The second conductive layer 2107, the third insulating film 2108, the third conductive layer 2109, the first alignment film 21 19. 10 respectively correspond to the first substrate 1901, the first insulating film 1902, and the first A conductive layer 1903, a second insulating film 1904, a first semiconductor layer 1905, a second semiconductor layer 1906, a 06, a second conductive layer 1907, a third insulating film 1908, a third conductive layer 1909, a first wiring The third conductive layer 2109 on the first substrate 2101 side corresponds to the opposite film 1910. A polar cutout may be provided. This allows for more reliable control of the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. In addition, the first alignment film 2110 and the second alignment film 2112 are vertical alignment films. This allows the liquid crystal molecules 2118 to be aligned vertically.

[0244] The first substrate 2101, the light-shielding film 2114, and the color filter 2115 are formed as described above. The fourth conductive layer 2113, the spacer 2117, and the second alignment film 2112 were formed. The two substrates 2116 are bonded together with a sealant, leaving a gap of several μm. A liquid crystal panel can be fabricated by injecting a liquid crystal material 2111 between the substrates. In the PVA type liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. 1, the fourth conductive layer 2113 is formed by pattern processing. The electrode cutout 2119 may be formed by applying the above-mentioned process. There is no limitation on the shape, but a shape that combines multiple rectangles with different orientations is preferable. This allows for the formation of multiple regions with different orientations, resulting in a liquid crystal display with a wide viewing angle. Furthermore, the electrode cutout portion 2119 and the fourth conductive layer 2113 can be formed. The shape of the fourth conductive layer 2113 at the boundary is preferably a smooth curve. By doing this, the alignment of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules 2118 becomes very close, so alignment defects are prevented. In addition, the second alignment film 2112 is prevented from being cut off by the electrode notch 2119. It is also possible to reduce defects in the alignment film caused by scratches.

[0245] Next, we will explain the characteristics of the pixel structure of the PVA liquid crystal panel shown in Figure 21. The liquid crystal molecule 2118 shown in (A) of FIG. 1 is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. In order to indicate the direction of the element 2118, the element 2118 is expressed by its length in FIG. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 2118 are depicted with their long axes parallel to the paper surface. The shorter the liquid crystal molecule 2118, the closer its long axis is to the normal direction of the paper. In other words, the liquid crystal molecules 2118 shown in FIG. 21A are aligned such that the direction of their long axes is Therefore, the electrode cutout 2119 is oriented in the normal direction of the electrode. The liquid crystal molecules 2118 are arranged around the boundary between the electrode cutout portion 2119 and the fourth conductive layer 2113. By achieving this state, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. It is possible.

[0246] Next, referring to FIG. 21B, an example of a pixel layout of a PVA liquid crystal display device will be described. The pixels of the PVA liquid crystal display device are connected to the scanning lines 2121 and the video signal lines 2122. 2122, a capacitance line 2123, a TFT 2124, a pixel electrode 2125, and a pixel capacitance 21 26 and an electrode cutout portion 2119.

[0247] The scanning line 2121 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the TFT 2124, and therefore the first conductive Preferably, it is made up of layer 2103.

[0248] The video signal line 2122 is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2124. Therefore, it is preferable that the scanning line 21 is made of the second conductive layer 2107. 21 and the video signal lines 21 and 22 are arranged in a matrix. It is preferably formed from a conductive layer.

[0249] The capacitance line 2123 is arranged in parallel with the pixel electrode 2125 to form a pixel capacitance 2126. It is preferable that the wiring is made of the first conductive layer 2103. As shown in FIG. 21B, the capacitance line 2123 is connected to the video signal line 2122. The signal line 2122 may be extended to surround the signal line 2122. The phenomenon in which the potential of the electrode that should maintain the potential changes as the potential of 2 changes. It is possible to reduce crosstalk. In order to achieve this, as shown in FIG. 21B, the first semiconductor layer 2105 is projected as a capacitor line 2123. It may be provided in the crossing region of the image signal lines 2122.

[0250] The TFT 2124 serves as a switch for connecting the video signal line 2122 and the pixel electrode 2125. As shown in FIG. 21B, the source region or drain region of the TFT 2124 One of the two in-regions is arranged to surround the other of the source and drain regions. This allows a large channel width to be obtained in a small area, As shown in FIG. 21(B), the TFT2124 The gate electrode may be disposed so as to surround the first semiconductor layer 2105 .

[0251] The pixel electrode 2125 is electrically connected to either the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2124. The pixel electrode 2125 is connected to the liquid crystal panel 2121. The electrodes are used to provide a voltage to the liquid crystal element. This may serve to hold the signal voltage transmitted by the video signal line 2122. As shown in FIG. 21B, the pixel electrode 2125 can have a fourth The electrode cutout 2119 is formed in accordance with the shape of the electrode cutout 2119 provided in the conductive layer 2113. It is preferable to form a cutout portion of the pixel electrode 2125 in the portion where there is no 119. In this way, multiple regions in which the liquid crystal molecules 2118 have different orientations can be formed. In this case, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. When the liquid crystal display device is made of a material having the above property, a transmission type liquid crystal display device can be obtained. The display device has high color reproducibility and can display high-quality images. When the pixel electrode 2125 is made of a reflective material, a reflective liquid crystal display device is obtained. Reflective LCD devices have high visibility in bright environments such as outdoors. In addition, since a backlight is not required, power consumption can be reduced significantly. The pixel electrode 2125 was made using both transparent and reflective materials. In this case, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device can be obtained that has the advantages of both. When the pixel electrode 2125 is made of a reflective material, the surface of the pixel electrode 2125 is uneven. By doing so, the reflected light is diffused, so the angle of the intensity distribution of the reflected light This has the advantage of reducing the dependency on reflection, meaning that the brightness remains constant regardless of the viewing angle. A liquid crystal display device of this type can be obtained.

[0252] Next, a liquid crystal display device of the in-plane switching type will be described with reference to Fig. 22. Fig. 22 shows the structure of liquid crystal molecules. To switch the orientation so that it is always parallel to the substrate, a horizontal electric field is applied. In the pixel structure of the liquid crystal display device of the type using a comb-type pixel electrode 2225 and a common electrode 2223, By applying a tooth-shaped pattern, an electric field is applied in the horizontal direction, which is called IPS (In- 22A and 22B are cross-sectional and top views of a pixel of the Plane-Switching type. 22(B) is a top view of the pixel. The cross-sectional view of the pixel shown in (A) is taken along the line a-a' in the top view of the pixel shown in (B) of FIG. By using a liquid crystal display device with the pixel structure shown in FIG. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device having a large field angle and small grayscale dependency of the response speed. The liquid crystal display device having the pixel structure shown in FIG. 22 may be used in other embodiments such as the first and second embodiments. By combining this with the embodiment, the image quality of the moving image is improved, and the viewing angle is large in principle. Therefore, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device in which the response speed has little dependence on gray scale.

[0253] The pixel structure of an IPS liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to Fig. 22(A). A liquid crystal display device has a key component called a liquid crystal panel that displays images. Two processed substrates are bonded together with a gap of several μm between them. In FIG. 22(A), the two substrates are the first The first substrate has a TFT and a pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a light-shielding film 2214, a color filter 2215, and a spacer. The alignment film 2217 and the second alignment film 2212 may be fabricated.

[0254] It is possible to carry out the method without fabricating a TFT on the first substrate 2201. In this case, the number of steps is reduced, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The simple structure allows for improved yield. If this is done, a larger display device can be obtained.

[0255] The TFT shown in FIG. 22 is a bottom gate type TFT using an amorphous semiconductor. However, it has the advantage that it can be manufactured inexpensively using a substrate with a large area. The structure of the TFT that can be used is the channel etch type for bottom gate type TFTs. There are also types such as channel protection type and top gate type. Furthermore, it is an amorphous semiconductor. In addition, polycrystalline semiconductors can also be used.

[0256] It is possible to implement the method without forming the light-shielding film 2214 on the second substrate 2216. When the method is carried out without fabricating 214, the number of steps is reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the structure is simple, which improves the yield. When the light film 2214 is fabricated and implemented, it is necessary to obtain a display device with little light leakage when displaying black. can be done.

[0257] It is possible to implement this without forming the color filter 2215 on the second substrate 2216. When the color filter 2215 is not manufactured, the number of steps is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, the simple structure allows for improved yield. On the other hand, when a color filter 2215 is produced, color display is possible. A display device can be obtained.

[0258] It should be noted that the spacers 2217 are not formed on the second substrate 2216, but spherical spacers are scattered. If it is done by scattering spherical spacers, the number of steps is reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the structure is simple, so the yield is high. On the other hand, when the spacer 2217 is fabricated, the space Since the position of the display panel does not vary, the distance between the two substrates can be made uniform, eliminating unevenness in the display. A smaller display device can be obtained.

[0259] Next, the first substrate 2201 may be processed using the method described with reference to FIG. Here, the first substrate 2201, the first insulating film 2202, the first conductive layer 2203, 203, a second insulating film 2204, a first semiconductor layer 2205, a second semiconductor layer 2206, The second conductive layer 2207, the third insulating film 2208, the third conductive layer 2209, the first alignment film 22 19. 10 respectively correspond to the first substrate 1901, the first insulating film 1902, and the first A conductive layer 1903, a second insulating film 1904, a first semiconductor layer 1905, a second semiconductor layer 1906, a 06, a second conductive layer 1907, a third insulating film 1908, a third conductive layer 1909, a first wiring The third conductive layer 2209 on the first substrate 2201 side corresponds to the opposite film 1910. The two teeth may be formed into a comb-like shape by applying a cutting process to the two teeth. The comb-shaped electrode is electrically connected to either the source or drain electrode of the TFT2224. The other comb-shaped electrode may be electrically connected to the common electrode 2223. By doing so, a horizontal electric field can be effectively applied to the liquid crystal molecules 2218.

[0260] The first substrate 2201, the light-shielding film 2214, and the color filter 2215 are formed as described above. The second substrate 2216 on which the spacers 2217 and the second alignment film 2212 are formed is then The two substrates are bonded together with a gap of several micrometers using a bonding material, and liquid crystal material 221 is placed between the two substrates. By injecting the liquid crystal display panel 221, a liquid crystal panel can be manufactured. A conductive layer may be formed on the second substrate 2216 side. This makes it possible to reduce the influence of electromagnetic noise from the

[0261] Next, we will explain the characteristics of the pixel structure of an IPS-type liquid crystal panel, shown in Figure 22. The liquid crystal molecule 2218 shown in Figure 2(A) is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. In order to indicate the direction of the element 2218, the element 2218 is expressed by its length in FIG. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 2218 are depicted with their long axes parallel to the paper surface. The shorter the liquid crystal molecule 2218, the closer its long axis is to the normal direction of the paper. In other words, the liquid crystal molecule 2218 shown in FIG. 22A has its long axis always oriented in the same direction. In (A) of FIG. 22, the molecules are oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate. When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal molecules 2218, their long axes The rotation occurs within a horizontal plane while the orientation of the This makes it possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle.

[0262] Next, referring to FIG. 22B, an example of a pixel layout of an IPS liquid crystal display device will be described. The pixels of the IPS type liquid crystal display device are connected to the scanning lines 2221 and the video signal lines 2222. 2222, a common electrode 2223, a TFT 2224, and a pixel electrode 2225. That's fine.

[0263] The scanning line 2221 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the TFT 2224, and therefore the first conductive Preferably, it is made up of layer 2203.

[0264] The video signal line 2222 is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2224. Therefore, it is preferable that the scanning line 22 is made of the second conductive layer 2207. 21 and the video signal lines 2222 are arranged in a matrix. It is preferable that the image signal line 2 is formed of a conductive layer. 222 is arranged in the pixel so as to match the shape of the pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223. The aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased by forming the bent portion. Therefore, the efficiency of the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

[0265] The common electrode 2223 is arranged parallel to the pixel electrode 2225 to generate a horizontal electric field. It is an electrode for causing the light to pass through the electrode, and is preferably made of the third conductive layer 2209. As shown in FIG. 22B, the common electrode 2223 is connected to the image signal line 2222. The image signal line 2222 may be extended so as to surround the image signal line 2222. The phenomenon in which the potential of the electrode that should maintain the potential changes as the potential of 22 changes. In addition, the common electrode 2223 and the common line 2226 can be connected to each other. In order to reduce the cross capacitance of the video signal lines 2222, As shown in (B), the first semiconductor layer 2205 is connected to the common line 2226 and the video signal line 2222. It may be provided in the intersection region.

[0266] The TFT 2224 serves as a switch for connecting the video signal line 2222 and the pixel electrode 2225. As shown in FIG. 22B, the source region or drain region of the TFT 2224 One of the two in-regions is arranged to surround the other of the source and drain regions. This allows a large channel width to be obtained in a small area, As shown in FIG. 22(B), the TFT2224 The gate electrode may be disposed so as to surround the first semiconductor layer 2205 .

[0267] The pixel electrode 2225 is electrically connected to either the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2224. The pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223 are connected by a video signal line 2222. The pixel electrode 2225 is an electrode for applying the transmitted signal voltage to the liquid crystal element. A pixel capacitor may be formed together with the common electrode 2223. By doing so, the video signal line 2222 Therefore, the pixel electrode 2225 can also play a role in holding the transmitted signal voltage. The common electrode 2223 is formed in a bent comb-like shape as shown in FIG. 22(B). In this way, it is preferable to form a plurality of regions in which the liquid crystal molecules 2218 have different orientations. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. When the pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223 are made of a transparent material, A transmissive liquid crystal display device can be obtained. In addition, the pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2226 can display an image with high image quality. If 223 is made of a reflective material, a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained. Reflective LCD devices have high visibility in bright environments such as outdoors, and Since no backlight is required, power consumption can be reduced significantly. 225 and the common electrode 2223 are made of both transparent and reflective materials. When the liquid crystal display device is fabricated using the same material, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device having the advantages of both materials can be obtained. In addition, when the pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223 are made of a reflective material, In this case, the surfaces of the pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223 may be made uneven. This has the advantage that the reflected light is diffused, reducing the angle dependency of the intensity distribution of the reflected light. In other words, it is possible to obtain a reflective liquid crystal display device that has a constant brightness regardless of the viewing angle. This can be done.

[0268] The pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223 are both formed of the third conductive layer 2209. However, the applicable pixel configuration is not limited to this and can be selected appropriately. For example, the pixel electrode 2225 and the common electrode 2223 are both formed of the second conductive layer 2207. Alternatively, both may be formed from the first conductive layer 2203, or one of them may be formed from the third conductive layer. The first conductive layer 2209 may be formed on the first side, and the second conductive layer 2207 may be formed on the second side. One may be formed from the third conductive layer 2209 and the other from the first conductive layer 2203. One of them is formed from the second conductive layer 2207, and the other is formed from the first conductive layer 2203. Good too.

[0269] Next, another in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to Fig. 23. Fig. 23 shows a liquid crystal display device. To achieve switching such that the orientation of the molecules is always horizontal to the substrate, the current is applied laterally. 1 is a diagram showing another pixel structure of a liquid crystal display device using a field application method. Either the electrode 2325 or the common electrode 2323 is patterned in a comb shape, and the other is a method of applying an electric field in the horizontal direction by forming a surface electrode in the area where the comb-tooth shape overlaps. The so-called FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method 23A is a cross-sectional view of the pixel, and FIG. 23B is a cross-sectional view of the pixel. 23A is a top view of the pixel shown in FIG. 23A. The cross-sectional view of the pixel shown in FIG. 23B is a top view of the pixel shown in FIG. This corresponds to the line a-a' in the top view of the element. By using this, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display with a wide viewing angle and little dependence of response time on gradation. Furthermore, a liquid crystal display device having the pixel structure shown in FIG. By combining this with other embodiments such as the first and second embodiments, the image quality of the moving image can be improved. The liquid crystal display device has been realized, which has improved image quality, a wide viewing angle in principle, and a small grayscale dependency of the response time. It can be realized.

[0270] The pixel structure of an FFS-mode liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to Fig. 23(A). A liquid crystal display device has a key component called a liquid crystal panel that displays images. Two processed substrates are bonded together with a gap of several μm between them. In FIG. 23A, the two substrates are the first The first substrate has a TFT and a pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a light-shielding film 2314, a color filter 2315, and a spacer. The second alignment film 2317 and the second alignment film 2312 may be fabricated.

[0271] It is possible to carry out the method without forming a TFT on the first substrate 2301. In this case, the number of steps is reduced, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The simple structure allows for improved yield. If this is done, a larger display device can be obtained.

[0272] The TFT shown in FIG. 23 is a bottom gate type TFT using an amorphous semiconductor. However, it has the advantage that it can be manufactured inexpensively using a substrate with a large area. The structure of the TFT that can be used is the channel etch type for bottom gate type TFTs. There are also types such as channel protection type and top gate type. Furthermore, it is an amorphous semiconductor. In addition, polycrystalline semiconductors can also be used.

[0273] It is possible to implement the method without forming the light-shielding film 2314 on the second substrate 2316. When the method is carried out without fabricating 314, the number of steps is reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the structure is simple, which improves the yield. When the light film 2314 is fabricated and implemented, it is necessary to obtain a display device with little light leakage when displaying black. can be done.

[0274] It is possible to implement this without forming the color filter 2315 on the second substrate 2316. When the color filter 2315 is not fabricated, the number of steps is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, the simple structure allows for improved yield. On the other hand, when a color filter 2315 is produced, color display is possible. A display device can be obtained.

[0275] It should be noted that the spacers 2317 are not formed on the second substrate 2316, but spherical spacers are scattered. If it is done by scattering spherical spacers, the number of steps is reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the structure is simple, so the yield is high. On the other hand, when the spacer 2317 is fabricated, the space Since the position of the display panel does not vary, the distance between the two substrates can be made uniform, eliminating unevenness in the display. A smaller display device can be obtained.

[0276] Next, the first substrate 2301 may be processed using the method described with reference to FIG. Here, a first substrate 2301, a first insulating film 2302, a first conductive layer 2303, and a 303, a second insulating film 2304, a first semiconductor layer 2305, a second semiconductor layer 2306, The second conductive layer 2307, the third insulating film 2308, the third conductive layer 2309, the first alignment film 23 19. 10 respectively correspond to the first substrate 1901, the first insulating film 1902, and the first A conductive layer 1903, a second insulating film 1904, a first semiconductor layer 1905, a second semiconductor layer 1906, a 06, a second conductive layer 1907, a third insulating film 1908, a third conductive layer 1909, a first wiring It corresponds to the membrane 1910.

[0277] However, the difference from FIG. 19 is that the fourth insulating film 2319 and the fourth insulating film 2318 are provided on the first substrate 2301 side. The fourth conductive layer 2313 may be formed. More specifically, the third conductive layer 23 After patterning the 09, a fourth insulating film 2319 is formed and patterned. After forming contact holes, a fourth conductive layer 2313 is formed and patterned in the same manner. After the above process, the first alignment film 2310 may be formed. The materials and processing methods that can be used for the third insulating film 2308 and the fourth conductive layer 2313 are the same as those for the third insulating film 2308 and the fourth conductive layer 2313. The same material as that used for the first and second conductive layers 2309 can be used. The comb-shaped electrode is electrically connected to either the source or drain electrode of the TFT2324. The other planar electrode may be electrically connected to the common line 2326. This allows a horizontal electric field to be applied effectively to the liquid crystal molecules 2318.

[0278] The first substrate 2301, the light-shielding film 2314, and the color filter 2315 are formed as described above. The second substrate 2316 on which the spacers 2317 and the second alignment film 2312 are formed is then The two substrates are bonded together with a gap of a few micrometers using a bonding material, and liquid crystal material 231 is placed between the two substrates. By injecting the liquid crystal display panel 231, a liquid crystal panel can be manufactured. A conductive layer may be formed on the second substrate 2316 side. This makes it possible to reduce the influence of electromagnetic noise from the

[0279] Next, we will explain the characteristics of the pixel structure of the FFS liquid crystal panel shown in Figure 23. The liquid crystal molecule 2318 shown in Figure 3(A) is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. In order to indicate the direction of the element 2318, the element 2318 is expressed by its length in FIG. That is, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 2318 is parallel to the paper surface. The shorter the liquid crystal molecule 2318, the closer its long axis is to the normal direction of the paper. In other words, the liquid crystal molecule 2318 shown in FIG. 23A has its long axis always oriented in the same direction. In (A) of FIG. 23, the molecules are oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate. When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal molecules 2318, their long axes The rotation occurs within a horizontal plane while the orientation of the This makes it possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle.

[0280] Next, referring to FIG. 23B, an example of a pixel layout of an FFS type liquid crystal display device will be described. The pixels of the FFS type liquid crystal display device are formed by a scanning line 2321 and a video signal line 2322, a common electrode 2323, a TFT 2324, a pixel electrode 2325, and a common line 23 26.

[0281] The scanning line 2321 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the TFT 2324, and therefore, the first conductive Preferably, it is made up of layer 2303.

[0282] The video signal line 2322 is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2324. Therefore, it is preferable that the scanning line 23 is made of the second conductive layer 2307. 21 and the video signal lines 2322 are arranged in a matrix, so that at least the It is preferable that the image signal line 2 is formed of a conductive layer. 322 is bent in the pixel to fit the shape of the pixel electrode 2325. This makes it possible to increase the aperture ratio of the pixel, which is advantageous for the liquid crystal display device. Efficiency can be improved.

[0283] The common electrode 2323 is arranged parallel to the pixel electrode 2325 to generate a horizontal electric field. It is an electrode for causing the light to pass through the electrode, and is preferably made of the third conductive layer 2309. As shown in FIG. 23B, the common electrode 2323 has a shape that follows the video signal line 2322. By doing so, the voltage of the video signal line 2322 changes. This is a phenomenon in which the potential of an electrode that should maintain a certain level changes, which is called crosstalk. In addition, the common electrode 2323 is electrically connected to a common line 2326. In order to reduce the cross capacitance of the video signal line 2322, as shown in FIG. 23(B), The semiconductor layer 2305 may be provided in the crossing region of the common line 2326 and the video signal line 2322 .

[0284] The TFT 2324 serves as a switch for connecting the video signal line 2322 and the pixel electrode 2325. As shown in FIG. 23B, the source region or drain region of the TFT2324 One of the two in-regions is arranged to surround the other of the source and drain regions. This allows a large channel width to be obtained in a small area, As shown in FIG. 23(B), the TFT2324 The gate electrode may be disposed so as to surround the first semiconductor layer 2305 .

[0285] The pixel electrode 2325 is electrically connected to either the source electrode or the drain electrode of the TFT 2324. The pixel electrode 2325 and the common electrode 2323 are connected by a video signal line 2322. The pixel electrode 2325 is an electrode for applying the transmitted signal voltage to the liquid crystal element. A pixel capacitor may be formed together with the common electrode 2323. By doing so, the video signal line 2322 Therefore, it can also play a role in holding the transmitted signal voltage. As shown in FIG. 23(B), it is preferable to form the shape of a bent comb. This allows for the formation of multiple regions with different orientations of the liquid crystal molecules 2318. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. When the common electrode 2323 is made of a transparent material, a transmission type liquid crystal display device is obtained. Transmissive LCD devices have high color reproducibility and can display high-quality images. In addition, the pixel electrode 2325 and the common electrode 2323 can be formed by a reflective When the material is used, a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained. The device has high visibility in bright environments such as outdoors, and does not require a backlight. The pixel electrode 2325 and the common electrode 2326 can be used to reduce power consumption. If 323 is made using both transparent and reflective materials, both It is possible to obtain a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device having both the advantages of the pixel electrode 23 and the liquid crystal display device. When the pixel electrode 2325 and the common electrode 2323 are made of a reflective material, The surface of the common electrode 2323 may be made uneven. This has the advantage that the angle dependency of the intensity distribution of the reflected light is small. Therefore, a reflective liquid crystal display device having a certain brightness can be obtained.

[0286] The pixel electrode 2325 is formed of the fourth conductive layer 2313, and the common electrode 2323 is formed of the fourth conductive layer 2313. However, the applicable pixel configuration is not limited to this. As long as certain conditions are met, the first substrate 23 can be appropriately selected. When viewed from 01, the comb-shaped electrode should be located closer to the liquid crystal than the planar electrode. This is because the horizontal electric field, when viewed from the comb-shaped electrode, is always in the opposite direction to the planar electrode. In other words, to apply a horizontal electric field to the liquid crystal, the comb-shaped electrodes must be This is because the electrode must be located closer to the liquid crystal than the electrode.

[0287] To satisfy this condition, for example, a comb-shaped electrode is formed by the fourth conductive layer 2313, and a planar The electrode may be formed of the third conductive layer 2309, or the comb-shaped electrode may be formed of the fourth conductive layer 231. 3, and a planar electrode may be formed from the second conductive layer 2307, or a comb-shaped electrode may be formed from the first conductive layer 2308. The fourth conductive layer 2313 may be formed, and the planar electrode may be formed with the first conductive layer 2303. A comb-shaped electrode is formed by the third conductive layer 2309, and a planar electrode is formed by the second conductive layer 2307. Alternatively, a comb-shaped electrode may be formed from the third conductive layer 2309, and a planar electrode may be formed from the first conductive layer. Alternatively, a comb-shaped electrode may be formed with the second conductive layer 2303, and a planar electrode may be formed with the second conductive layer 2307. The electrode may be formed of the first conductive layer 2303. The planar electrode is electrically connected to either the source region or the drain region of the first gate electrode 4. 2323, but this connection may be reversed. The electrodes may be formed independently for each pixel.

[0288] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes.

[0289] (Fourth embodiment) In this embodiment, a polarizing plate and a backlight used in a liquid crystal display device are explain.

[0290] First, the arrangement of the polarizing plates and backlight will be described with reference to FIG. 07 is a liquid crystal panel, and the one described in the other embodiments can be used. As shown in FIG. 4, a first polarizer 2408 and a second polarizer 2409 are disposed adjacent to the liquid crystal panel 2407. A polarizer 2409 may be provided. In addition, the first polarizer 2408 or the second polarizer A backlight unit 2401 may be provided adjacent to the plate 2409. A polarizing plate is a layer containing a polarizer, and is also called a polarizing film or a polarizing filter. say.

[0291] A prism sheet is placed between the backlight unit 2401 and the liquid crystal panel 2407. By doing so, the brightness of the screen of the liquid crystal display device can be improved. do.

[0292] Next, the structure of the backlight unit 2401 will be described. 401 may be a side-illuminated backlight unit. The unit includes a diffusion plate 2402, a light guide plate 2403, a reflector 2404, and a light source unit 2411. The light source unit 2411 may also include a lamp reflector 2405, a light source The backlight unit 2401 may have a light guide plate 2403. A direct illumination type backlight unit may be used in which a light source unit 2411 is disposed directly below the .

[0293] The light source 2406 may be a cold cathode tube, a hot cathode tube, a light emitting diode, an inorganic EL, or an organic EL. The light source 2406 can be used not only to turn on and off but also to In addition, the light emitting device may have a function to adjust the amount of light emitted as needed.

[0294] The lamp reflector 2405 has a function of guiding the light emitted from the light source 2406 to the light guide plate 2403. This allows the light emitted from the light source 2406 to be used efficiently. It is possible.

[0295] The light guide plate 2403 may have a function of scattering light. Furthermore, by using the diffuser plate 2402, the light can be guided to the entire surface of the filter 2407. This can reduce unevenness in the degree of reflection.

[0296] The reflector 2404 may have a function of reflecting light. 03, the light leaking in the opposite direction to the LCD panel 2407 can be reflected and reused. .

[0297] The backlight unit 2401 includes a control circuit for adjusting the brightness of the light source 2406. In this way, the light source 2406 can be turned on and off by a signal from the control circuit. The brightness can be adjusted.

[0298] When the liquid crystal panel 2407 uses a TN type liquid crystal, the first polarizer 2408 and the second polarizer The polarizing plate 2409 is preferably arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Normally white mode can be achieved by using Applying a sufficient voltage creates a good black level, improving contrast. In addition, when the liquid crystal panel 2407 uses a VA type liquid crystal, the first polarizer 24 The polarizer 08 and the second polarizer 2409 are preferably arranged in a crossed Nicol state. In addition, when the liquid crystal panel 2407 uses an IPS or FFS liquid crystal, the first polarizer The plate 2408 and the second polarizing plate 2409 may be arranged in a crossed Nicol configuration. Alternatively, they may be arranged in a parallel Nicol state.

[0299] The first polarizing plate 2408 and the second polarizing plate 2409 are disposed between the liquid crystal panel 2407 and the In this way, the reflection of external light can be reduced and the contrast can be improved. A liquid crystal display device with high durability can be obtained.

[0300] A slit is disposed between the second polarizing plate 2409 and the backlight unit 2401. This allows for a three-dimensional display. The incident light is transmitted in stripes and made incident on the liquid crystal panel 2407. This allows the observer to create a parallax between their eyes, i.e., the observer sees the right eye image with the right eye image. The left eye sees only the left eye pixel at the same time. , the display is perceived as three-dimensional. The light given the above equation passes through the pixels corresponding to the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye. The image for the right eye and the image for the left eye are separated into different viewing angles, enabling a three-dimensional display. do.

[0301] Next, referring to FIG. 25, a detailed structure of a light source unit that can be used in a backlight unit will be described. The light source unit 2501 shown in FIG. 2502 as a light source. By using cold cathode fluorescent lamps as a light source, it is possible to obtain a large-sized liquid crystal display device. The light source unit 2501 is a lamp. The lamp may have a reflector 2503. By using the lamp reflector 2503, the light It can efficiently reflect light from the source.

[0302] The light source unit 2511 shown in FIG. 25B emits light from a light emitting diode (LED) 2512. This is a diagram showing a light source unit when a light emitting diode 2512 is used as a light source. By using light emitting diodes, it is possible to obtain a small liquid crystal display device. This is because it can be manufactured in a small volume. The light-emitting diode 2512 emits white light. A light-emitting diode may also be used. By using a light-emitting diode that emits white light, it is possible to reduce the volume. A light source unit 2511 can be obtained. Also, the light emitting diode 2512 is As shown in (B), the light source units 2511 may be arranged at a predetermined interval. The lamp may have a lamp reflector 2513. By using the lamp reflector 2513, , the light from the light source can be efficiently reflected.

[0303] The light source unit 2521 shown in FIG. 25(C) includes light emitting diodes 2522 and 2523 and 25 and 2524 are used as light sources. By using 22, 2523 and 2524 as a light source, a small liquid crystal display device can be obtained. This is because light-emitting diodes can be manufactured in small volumes. The photodiodes 2522, 2523, and 2524 are light-emitting diodes that emit light in each of the RGB colors. By using light emitting diodes that emit light in each of the RGB colors, a light source with high color reproducibility can be obtained. The unit 2521 can be obtained. Also, light emitting diodes 2522, 2523 and 2524 may be arranged at a predetermined interval as shown in FIG. The unit 2521 may have a lamp reflector 2525. By using 525, light from the light source can be reflected efficiently.

[0304] The light source unit 2531 shown in FIG. 25(D) includes light emitting diodes 2532 and 2533. 25 is a diagram showing a light source unit when the light emitting diodes 25 and 2534 are used as light sources. 32, 2533 and 2534 as a light source, a small liquid crystal display device can be obtained. This is because light-emitting diodes can be manufactured in small volumes. The light-emitting diodes 2532, 2533, and 2534 are light-emitting diodes that emit light in each of the RGB colors. By using light emitting diodes that emit light in each of the RGB colors, a light source with high color reproducibility can be obtained. The unit 2531 can be obtained. Also, light emitting diodes 2532, 2533 and 2 534 may be arranged with different intervals for each of the RGB colors, as shown in FIG. 25(D). For example, the lower the luminous intensity of a color (e.g., green), the smaller the intervals between the colors may be. By doing so, even for colors with low luminous intensity, sufficient luminous intensity can be obtained overall. The light source unit 2531 is a lamp. The lamp may have a pre-reflector 2535. By using the lamp reflector 2535, Light from the light source can be reflected efficiently.

[0305] In addition, the light source units shown in FIG. 25(C) and FIG. 25(D) emit white light. A light emitting diode that emits light in each of the RGB colors may be used in combination. For example, if you have LEDs that emit RGB colors and LEDs that emit white light, The light source unit uses four types of LEDs, and the brightness can be supplemented by LEDs that emit white light. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced.

[0306] When using light-emitting diodes that emit light in each of the RGB colors, the RGB light-emitting diodes Field sequential mode, which displays color by lighting up diodes in sequence. The code can be applied.

[0307] The light source unit shown in FIG. 25 can be used in a side-illuminated backlight. In addition, by placing the light source unit shown in Figure 25 on the back of the board, a direct-type backlight is possible. In this case, light-emitting diodes that emit light in each of the RGB colors can be used. By arranging the LEDs that emit light in each of the RGB colors in order, color reproduction is possible. It can be increased.

[0308] Next, the structure of the polarizing plate will be described with reference to FIG.

[0309] As shown in FIG. 26, the polarizing plate 2600 includes a protective film 2601, a first substrate film 2602, and a second substrate film 2603. 602, PVA polarizing film 2603, second substrate film 2604, adhesive layer 2605 , and a release film 2606.

[0310] PVA polarizing film 2603 has the function of producing light with only one vibration direction (linearly polarized light). Specifically, the electron density of the PVA polarizing film 2603 differs significantly between the vertical and horizontal directions. PVA polarizing film 2603 contains molecules (polarizers) whose electron density is vertically and horizontally By aligning the orientation of molecules that differ greatly in size, linearly polarized light can be created.

[0311] As an example, PVA polarizing film 2603 is made of polyvinyl alcohol (Poly Vi The polymer film of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) is doped with an iodine compound. By pulling the film in a certain direction, it is possible to obtain a film in which the iodine molecules are aligned in a certain direction. And the light parallel to the long axis of the iodine molecule is absorbed by the iodine molecule. For applications requiring high heat resistance, dichroic dyes may be used instead of iodine. The material is LCD display that requires durability and heat resistance, such as LCD for car and projector. It is desirable to use it in a device.

[0312] The PVA polarizing film 2603 is covered on both sides with a base film (first substrate film 260 2 and the second substrate film 2604), reliability can be increased. PVA polarizing film 2603 is made of highly transparent and durable triacetyl cellulose (TAC) The substrate film and the TAC film may be sandwiched between the The PVA polarizing film 2603 functions as a protective layer for the polarizer.

[0313] The second substrate film 2604 has an adhesive layer 260 for adhering to the glass substrate of the liquid crystal panel. The adhesive layer 2605 may be formed by applying an adhesive to the second substrate film 26. The adhesive layer 2605 may be formed by applying it to the release film 202. 606 (separate film) may be provided.

[0314] A protective film 2601 is disposed adjacent to the first substrate film 2602. Good too.

[0315] In addition, the surface of the polarizing plate 2600 is provided with a hard coat scattering layer (anti-glare layer). The hard coat scattering layer has fine irregularities formed on its surface by AG treatment, It has an anti-glare function that scatters external light, preventing external light from being reflected on the LCD panel and surface reflection. You can do this.

[0316] In addition, multiple optical thin film layers with different refractive indices are multi-layered on the surface of the polarizing plate 2600 (anti-reflection The multi-layered structure with multiple refractive indexes may be used. The optical thin film layer having the above structure can reduce the reflectance of the surface by the optical interference effect.

[0317] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes.

[0318] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, a method for mounting a drive circuit of a display device will be described with reference to FIG. do.

[0319] In the case of FIG. 27A, a source signal line driver circuit 2702 and a Gate signal line driving circuits 2703a and 2703b are mounted. Mounting methods using electrical adhesives and anisotropic conductive films, COG method, wire bonding and a reflow process using solder bumps to mount the IC chip 27 on the substrate 2700. By mounting the source signal line driver circuit 2702 and the gate signal line driver circuit 2705, 2703a, 2703b, etc. are mounted on the board. The IC chip 2705 is mounted on the board using a flexible printed circuit board (FPC). It is connected to an external circuit via a printed circuit 2706.

[0320] Note that a part of the source signal line driver circuit 2702, for example, an analog switch, is integrated on the substrate. The other parts may be implemented as separate IC chips.

[0321] In the case of FIG. 27B, the pixel portion 2701 and the gate signal line driving circuit 2703a and 703b, etc. are integrally formed on the substrate, and the source signal line driver circuit 2702, etc. are formed on a separate IC chip. That is, the pixel section 2701 and the gate signal are mounted by a mounting method such as the COG method. An IC chip 2 is mounted on a substrate 2700 on which line driver circuits 2703a, 2703b, etc. are integrally formed. By mounting the IC chip 705, the source signal line driver circuit 2702 and the like are mounted. The chip 2705 is connected to an external circuit via an FPC 2706 .

[0322] Note that a part of the source signal line driver circuit 2702, for example, an analog switch, is integrated on the substrate. The other parts may be implemented as separate IC chips.

[0323] Furthermore, in the case of FIG. 27(C), the source signal line driver circuit 2702 and the like are arranged by the TAB method. The IC chip 2705 is connected to an external circuit via an FPC 2706. In the case of FIG. 27(C), the source signal line driver circuit 2702 and the like are implemented by the TAB method. However, the gate signal line driver circuit and the like may be mounted using the TAB method.

[0324] When the IC chip 2705 is mounted using the TAB method, the pixel area is large relative to the substrate. This makes it possible to achieve a narrower frame.

[0325] In addition, instead of the IC chip 2705, an IC formed on a glass substrate (hereinafter referred to as a dry The IC chip 2705 is made from a circular silicon wafer. There are restrictions on the shape of the motherboard to extract the IC chip. On the other hand, the driver IC is Since the material is glass and there are no restrictions on the shape, productivity can be improved. The shape and dimensions of the driver IC can be freely set. For example, the length of the long side of the driver IC If the thickness is set to 15 to 80 mm, the number of required chips can be reduced compared to when mounting IC chips. As a result, the number of connection terminals can be reduced, improving manufacturing yield. It can be raised.

[0326] The driver IC can be formed using a crystalline semiconductor formed on a substrate, and the crystalline The semiconductor may be formed by irradiating it with continuous wave laser light. The semiconductor film obtained by irradiating the laser beam has few crystal defects and large crystal grains. A transistor having such a semiconductor film has good mobility and response speed, and can be driven at high speed. This makes it possible to operate the device, making it suitable for driver ICs.

[0327] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes.

[0328] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, a liquid crystal module to be incorporated into a liquid crystal display device is an IPS ( In-Plane-Switching mode, Fringe Field Switching (F White light in drive modes such as FS (Fringe Field Switching) mode A liquid crystal module that displays color using light will be explained using the cross-sectional view of FIG. do.

[0329] As shown in FIG. 28, a substrate 2801 and an opposing substrate 2802 are fixed together by a sealing material 2803. A liquid crystal layer 2805 is provided between them to form a liquid crystal display panel.

[0330] Furthermore, a colored film 2806 formed on the substrate 2801 is necessary for color display. In the case of the RGB system, a colored film corresponding to each of the colors red, green, and blue is provided for each pixel. Alignment films 2818 and 2819 are provided on the inner side of the substrate 2801 and the opposing substrate 2802. In addition, a polarizing plate 2807 is formed on the outside of the substrate 2801 and the counter substrate 2802. , 2808 are disposed on the surface of the polarizing plate 2807. A protective film 2809 is formed on the surface of the polarizing plate 2807. This helps to cushion external shocks.

[0331] A connection terminal 2810 provided on the 2801 is connected to a wiring board 2812 via an FPC 2811. The wiring board 2812 is connected to a pixel driving circuit (IC chip, driver IC, etc.). ), and external circuits 2813 such as a control circuit and a power supply circuit are incorporated.

[0332] A cold cathode tube 2814, a reflector 2815, an optical film 2816, an inverter (not shown), The backlight unit is a light source that projects light onto the LCD panel. The liquid crystal display panel, light source, wiring board 2812, FPC 2811, etc. are mounted on a bezel 2817. are held and protected by

[0333] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes.

[0334] (Embodiment 7) Next, a configuration example of a display device will be shown with reference to Fig. 29. The display device 2920 shown in Fig. 29 has the following features: A display panel 2900, an external drive circuit 2921, a wiring connection board 2904, and a backlight The wiring connection board 2904 may include an FPC ( It may be made of a flexible printed circuit.

[0335] The display panel 2900 includes a display unit 2901, a data line driver 2902, and a scanning line driver. The data line driver 2902 and the scan line driver 2903 There are various ways to implement this.

[0336] The external drive circuit 2921 includes a control circuit 2910, a video data conversion circuit 2911, and a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit 2912 may also include a control / image data conversion circuit. Power supply for circuit 2915, power supply for driver 2916, power supply for pixel circuit 2917, backlight An external power supply 2918 may be provided.

[0337] The wiring connection board 2904 is electrically connected to the display panel 2900 by a connection portion 2905. The external drive circuit 2921 may be electrically connected to the external drive circuit 2921 via a connector 2913. stomach. In addition, in order to accommodate a large display panel of the display unit 2901, one display panel 2900 and and a display unit 2901, a plurality of data line drivers, a plurality of scanning line drivers, a plurality of connection A wiring board may be used. Fewer ICs and fewer connections means improved reliability and lower manufacturing costs In addition, the number of data line drivers 2902 and scanning line drivers 2903 can be reduced. If the number of drivers is large, the performance required for each driver will be lower, which will improve yield. The number of wiring connection boards 2904 can be determined by the number of data line drivers 2902 and scanning lines. It is preferable that the number of wiring connection boards 2903 is less than the number of line drivers 2903. Increasing the number of 04s increases the number of contacts, which can cause defects due to contact separation. This becomes:

[0338] In FIG. 29, a control circuit 2910 includes a video data conversion circuit 2911, a power supply circuit 2912, and a The control circuit 2910 is connected to the connector 2913, the wiring connection board 2904, Connected to the data line driver 2902 and the scanning line driver 2903 via a connection part 2905 will be done. The video data conversion circuit 2911 is connected to an input terminal for inputting video data. The video data conversion circuit 2911 includes a connector 2913, a wiring connection board 2904, and a connection section It is connected to the data line driver 2902 via 2905 .

[0339] The power supply circuit 2912 supplies power to each circuit, and controls and displays the video data within the power supply circuit 2912. The power supply 2915 for the data conversion circuit is connected to the control circuit 2910 and the video data conversion circuit 2911. The driver power supply 2916 is connected to the connector 2913, the wiring connection board 2904, and the connection 2905 is connected to the data line driver 2902 and the scanning line driver 2903. The pixel circuit power supply 2917 is connected to the connector 2913, the wiring connection board 2904, and the connection portion 290 5 and connected to the display unit 2901. The backlight power supply 2918 is connected to the display unit 2901 via a wiring connection. Even if it is connected to the backlight unit 2914 by a wiring separate from the connection board 2904, good.

[0340] The control circuit 2910 and the video data conversion circuit 2911 mainly perform logic operations. It is preferable to keep the voltage supplied by the control / video data conversion circuit power supply 2915 as low as possible. and a voltage of around 3V is desirable. In addition, to reduce power consumption, the voltage supplied by the driver power supply 2916 is set as low as possible. It is preferable that the data line driver 2902 and the scan line driver 2903 are made of single crystal When using the IC on the board, it is desirable to use about 3V. When the scanning line driver 2903 is integrally formed with the display panel 2900, the transistor It is desirable to supply a voltage with an amplitude about two to three times the threshold voltage. The circuit can be operated reliably while suppressing an increase in force.

[0341] The control circuit 2910 controls the data line driver 2902 and the scanning line driver 2903 as follows: It generates and supplies clocks, timing pulses, etc. Also, a clock may be generated for the video data conversion circuit 2911. and the timing at which the converted video data is output to the data line driver 2902. The power supply circuit 2912 may be configured to generate and supply a pulse. For example, a video data conversion circuit 2911, a data line driver 2902, and a scanning The line driver 2903 supplies voltage to the respective circuit when it is not required to operate. The power consumption may be reduced by stopping the power supply.

[0342] When the video data is input to the video data conversion circuit 2911, the video data conversion circuit 2911 The video data is sent to the data line driver 2 in accordance with the timing supplied from the control circuit 2910. The data is converted into data that can be input to the data line driver 2902 and output to the data line driver 2902. The video data input as an analog signal is A / D converted by a video data conversion circuit 2911, The video data may be output as a digital signal to the data line driver 2902 .

[0343] The data line driver 2902 receives a clock signal and a timer signal supplied from a control circuit 2910. In accordance with the timing pulse, the video data input to the data line driver 2902 is time-divided and According to the captured data, the analog value data voltage or data current The data voltage or data output to the data line may be output to a plurality of data lines. The update of the capacitor current may be performed by a latch pulse supplied from the control circuit 2910. The scan line driver updates the data voltage or data current output to the data line. 2903 operates in accordance with the clock signal and timing pulses supplied from the control circuit 2910. The shift register circuit is operated by this, and the scanning lines are scanned in order. The example shows the scanning line driver 2903 arranged on one side. The display device may be disposed on both sides instead of one side. This has the advantage of improving the left-right balance and increasing the freedom of placement.

[0344] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes.

[0345] (Embodiment 8) Semiconductor devices include video cameras, digital cameras, goggle-type displays (headphones, etc.). Mount display), navigation system, sound reproduction equipment (car audio, audio Diocompo, notebook personal computers, game devices, mobile information terminals (mobile computer, mobile phone, portable game machine or e-book, etc.), image with recording medium Playback devices (specifically, recording devices such as Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)) Examples include devices that play back recorded media and have a display that can display the images. Specific examples of these semiconductor devices are shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. FIG.

[0346] FIG. 30A shows a digital camera, which includes a main body 3001, a display unit 3002, an imaging unit, and an operation key. 3004, a shutter button 3006, etc. Note that FIG. 30(A) shows the display unit 3002. The image pickup unit is not shown in the side view. By applying the content (even a part of it), the blurring of moving images is reduced and the power consumption is reduced. This makes it possible to create a barrel camera.

[0347] FIG. 30B shows a notebook personal computer, which includes a main body 3011, a housing 3012, Display unit 3013, keyboard 3014, external connection port 3015, pointing device The contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments are included. By applying this technology, the blurring of moving images is reduced and power consumption is reduced. It is possible to realize a computer.

[0348] Figure 30(C) shows a portable image playback device (specifically, a DVD playback device) equipped with a recording medium. There is a main body 3021, a housing 3022, a display unit A 3023, a display unit B 3024, a recording medium ( It includes a reading unit 3025 (DVD, etc.), operation keys 3026, a speaker unit 3027, etc. A3023 mainly displays image information, and display B3024 mainly displays text information. In addition, image playback devices equipped with recording media also include home game machines. By applying the contents (or a part thereof) described in the above and other embodiments, An image reproducing device with less blurring and low power consumption can be realized.

[0349] FIG. 30D shows a display device, which includes a housing 3031, a support 3032, a display unit 3033, and a display unit 3034. , a speaker 3034, a video input terminal 3035, etc. This display device includes the above-mentioned The thin film transistor formed by the manufacturing method shown in the embodiment is used for the display portion 3033 and The display device is manufactured by using it in a driver circuit. Specifically, all information displays, such as those for computers, television reception, and advertising displays, The contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments are included. ) is applied, the blurring of moving images is reduced and power consumption is low, especially for 22-inch to 50-inch displays. It is possible to realize a large display device having a large screen of 1000mm x 1000mm.

[0350] The mobile phone shown in FIG. 31 is equipped with operation switches 3104, a microphone 3105, etc. The main body (A) 3101 is provided with a display panel (A) 3108, a display panel (B) 3 109, a main body (B) 3102 equipped with a speaker 3106 and the like is connected by a hinge 3110. The display panel (A) 3108 and the display panel (B) 3109 are connected so as to be able to open and close. It is housed in the housing 3103 of the main body (B) 3102 together with the circuit board 3107. The pixel portion of the display panel (A) 3108 and the pixel portion of the display panel (B) 3109 are formed on a housing 3103. It is positioned so that it can be seen through the window.

[0351] The display panel (A) 3108 and the display panel (B) 3109 are the functions of the mobile phone 3100. The specifications such as the number of pixels can be set appropriately according to the function. For example, the display panel (A) 3 108 as the main screen and the display panel (B) 3109 as the sub-screen. do.

[0352] By applying the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments, A portable information terminal with less image blur and low power consumption can be realized.

[0353] The mobile phone according to this embodiment can be transformed into various forms depending on its functions and uses. For example, by incorporating an imaging element into the hinge 3110, it can be used as a mobile phone with a camera. Also, the operation switches 3104, the display panel (A) 3108, the display panel (B) 3 Even if the configuration is such that 109 is housed in a single housing, the above-mentioned effects can be achieved. Furthermore, the same effect can be obtained even if the configuration of this embodiment is applied to an information display terminal equipped with a plurality of display units. You can get results.

[0354] Note that this embodiment mode can be freely combined with other embodiment modes. (Embodiment 9)

[0355] In this embodiment, the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments are ) application examples of devices (specifically, display devices and display panels) using The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The device may be configured to be integrated with a moving object, a building, or the like.

[0356] Regarding an example of a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments, An example of a mobile object with an integrated display device is shown in FIG. 36. As an example of a mobile body with an integrated device, the glass door of the train car body 3601 is An example using a display panel 3602 is shown. Display using the pixel configuration shown in FIG. The display panel 3602 has a display unit that displays an image in response to an external signal. It is easy to switch images. Therefore, it is possible to change the image depending on the time of day when the types of passengers getting on and off the train change. By switching the image on the display panel, more effective advertising can be achieved.

[0357] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be , which can be applied only to the door glass of the train car body shown in Figure 36(a). It is not limited to any particular place and can be applied to any place by changing the shape. An example of this is shown in Figure 36(b).

[0358] Figure 36(b) shows the interior of the train car. In (b), in addition to the display panel 3602 of the glass door shown in FIG. 36(a), A display panel 3603 provided in the glass window and a display panel 360 suspended from the ceiling 4. The display panel 3603 is equipped with a self-luminous display element, so it can display advertisements during busy times. By displaying images for the train and not displaying them except during busy times, it is possible to see the exterior of the train. The display panel 3604 can also be made of a film-like substrate with switches such as organic transistors. By providing an etching element and driving a self-luminous display element, the display panel itself can be curved. It is also possible to display the information in this way.

[0359] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be used. Another application example of the mobile body with an integrated display device will be described with reference to FIG.

[0360] Regarding an example of a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments, As an example, a moving object with an integrated display device is shown in FIG. 35. As an example of a mobile body, a display panel 350 is attached to the body 3501 of an automobile. The display panel 3502 shown in FIG. 35 is attached integrally to the body of an automobile. It displays the vehicle's operation and information input from inside and outside the vehicle on demand, and automatically It also has a navigation function to the car's destination.

[0361] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be The present invention is not limited to being applicable only to the front part of the vehicle body shown in FIG. By changing the shape of the glass, it can be applied to various places such as glass windows and doors. do.

[0362] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be used. Another application example of the mobile body with an integrated display device will be described with reference to FIG.

[0363] Regarding an example of a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments, An example of a mobile object with an integrated display device is shown in FIG. 37. As an example of a mobile body with an integrated device, it is attached to the ceiling of the passenger seat inside the airplane body 3701. An example of a display panel 3702 is shown in FIG. The vehicle body 3701 is attached to the vehicle body 3701 via a hinge portion 3703. The extension and contraction of the display panel 3702 allows passengers to view the display panel 3702. It has a function that allows passengers to operate it to display information and use it as advertising or entertainment. In addition, as shown in FIG. 37(b), the hinge portion can be folded and stored in the aircraft body 3701. This will ensure safety during takeoff and landing. By turning on the light, it can also be used as an emergency light on the aircraft body 3701.

[0364] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be However, it is limited to be applicable only to the ceiling of the aircraft body 3701 shown in FIG. By changing the shape, it can be applied to any place, such as seats or doors. For example, a display panel is provided behind the seat in front of the seat, and operation and viewing can be performed. Good too.

[0365] In this embodiment, the moving body may be a train car body, an automobile body, or an airplane body. However, it is not limited to these examples, and includes motorcycles, four-wheeled vehicles (including cars, buses, etc.), The present embodiment and other embodiments are applicable to a wide range of vehicles, including trains (including monorails, railways, etc.), ships, etc. By applying the device using the content (or a part thereof) described in the above embodiment, To provide a mobile body equipped with a display medium that is small, consumes low power, and operates well. In particular, the display panel in the vehicle can be controlled by an external signal. It is easy to switch the display simultaneously, so it is suitable for advertising displays aimed at an unspecified number of customers. It can also be said to be extremely useful as an information display board in the event of an emergency disaster.

[0366] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be used. An example of application used will be explained using FIG. 34, in which the system is applied to a building.

[0367] FIG. 34 shows a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments. As a self-luminous type, switching elements such as organic transistors are provided on a film-like substrate. By driving the display element, the display panel itself can be curved to provide a display panel. In FIG. 34, an example of its application is explained. A display panel is provided on the curved surface of the pillar, and in this example, the pillar is a utility pole 3401. 34 shows a configuration including a display panel 3402.

[0368] The display panel 3402 shown in FIG. 34 is positioned at the center of the height of the utility pole, and is positioned at the human viewpoint. The display panel is installed at a higher position. The image on the display panel 3402 can be recognized. By displaying the same image on display panels 3402 installed on the electric poles, In FIG. 34, the viewer can see the information display and advertisement display. The display panel 3402 provided in the Therefore, it is possible to obtain extremely efficient information display and advertising effectiveness. The device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in the other embodiments may include a display element. By providing a light-emitting display element, it can be used as a highly visible display medium even at night. It can be said that there is.

[0369] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be used. As an example of application, an application form of a building different from that shown in FIG. 34 will be explained with reference to FIG.

[0370] Application examples of devices using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments As an example of an integrated display device, FIG. 33 shows a unit bathroom 3302. An example of a display panel 3301 integrally attached to a side wall is shown. The panel 3301 is attached to the unit bath 3302, and bathers can see the display panel. The display panel 3301 can be operated by the bather to display information. It has the function of displaying images and being used as a means of advertising and entertainment.

[0371] In addition, a device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments may be However, it is limited to being applicable only to the side wall of the unit bath 3302 shown in FIG. By changing the shape, it can be integrated into the mirror surface or the bathtub itself. and is applicable everywhere.

[0372] FIG. 32 shows an example of a television set with a large display installed inside a building. FIG. 32 shows a housing 3210, a display unit 3211, a remote control device 3212 as an operation unit, a speaker, and the like. The contents (at least a part) described in this embodiment and other embodiments are The device using the LCD panel (which may be used) is applied to the manufacture of the display unit 3211. The wall-mounted type is integrated into the building, so it does not require a large installation space. It can be easily installed.

[0373] In this embodiment, examples of buildings and pillars include utility poles and unit baths. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this, and any building that can be equipped with a display panel can be used. There is no limitation and various structures can be used.

[0374] The device using the contents (or a part thereof) described in this embodiment and other embodiments is applied. By doing so, it is possible to achieve a smaller display device, lower power consumption, and a display medium that operates well. A mobile object having a body can be provided. [Explanation of symbols]

[0375] 251 gradations 255 gradations 1301 Encoding circuit 1302 Frame Memory 1303 Correction circuit 1304 DA conversion circuit 1312 frame memory 1313 Correction circuit 1401 Transistor 1402 Auxiliary capacity 1403 Display element 1404 Video signal line 1405 scan lines 1406 Common line 1411 Transistor 1412 Auxiliary capacity 1413 Display element 1414 Video signal line 1415 scan lines 1416 Common line 1417 Common line 1501 Diffuser 1502 cold cathode tube 1511 Diffuser 1512 light source 1601 Transistor 1602 Switch element 1603 Switching element 1604 Switch element 1605 Capacitor 1606 Display element 1607 Current source 1608 Video signal line 1609 Wiring 1610 Wiring 1701 Circuit Board 1702 Display section 1703 Peripheral drive circuit 1704 Overdrive circuit 1705 oval 1711 Peripheral drive circuit 1712 Overdrive circuit 1721 Dedicated IC 1731 Circuit 1901 PCB 1902 insulating film 1903 Conductive layer 1904 insulating film 1905 Semiconductor layer 1906 Semiconductor layer 1907 Conductive layer 1908 insulating film 1909 Conductive layer 1910 Orientation film 1912 Alignment film 1913 Conductive layer 1914 Light-shielding film 1915 Color Filter 1916 PCB 1917 Spacer 1918 Liquid crystal molecules 1921 scan lines 1922 video signal line 1923 Capacity Line 1924 TFT 1925 pixel electrode 1926 pixel capacity 2001 PCB 2002 Insulating film 2003 Conductive layer 2004 Insulating film 2005 Semiconductor layer 2006 Semiconductor layer 2007 Conductive layer 2008 Insulating Film 2009 Conductive layer 2010 Alignment film 2012 Alignment film 2013 Conductive Layer 2014 Light-shielding film 2015 Color Filter 2016 PCB 2017 Spacer 2018 Liquid Crystal Molecules 2019 Orientation control protrusion 2021 Scan Lines 2022 Video signal line 2023 Capacity Line 2024 TFT 2025 pixel electrode 2026 pixel capacity 2101 Substrate 2102 Insulating film 2103 Conductive layer 2104 Insulating film 2105 Semiconductor layer 2106 Semiconductor layer 2107 Conductive layer 2108 Insulating film 2109 Conductive layer 2110 Alignment film 2112 Alignment film 2113 Conductive layer 2114 Light-shielding film 2115 Color Filter 2116 board 2117 Spacer 2118 Liquid crystal molecules 2119 copies 2121 scan lines 2122 Video signal line 2123 Capacitance Line 2124 TFT 2125 pixel electrode 2126 pixel capacity 2201 PCB 2202 Insulating film 2203 Conductive layer 2204 Insulating film 2205 Semiconductor layer 2206 Semiconductor layer 2207 Conductive layer 2208 Insulating film 2209 Conductive layer 2210 Alignment film 2212 Alignment film 2214 Light-shielding film 2215 Color Filter 2216 PCB 2217 Spacer 2218 Liquid crystal molecules 2221 scan lines 2222 video signal line 2223 Common electrode 2224 TFT 2225 pixel electrode 2301 Substrate 2302 Insulating film 2303 Conductive layer 2304 Insulating film 2305 Semiconductor layer 2306 Semiconductor layer 2307 Conductive layer 2308 Insulating film 2309 Conductive layer 2310 Alignment film 2312 Alignment film 2313 Conductive layer 2314 Light-shielding film 2315 Color Filter 2316 PCB 2317 Spacer 2318 Liquid crystal molecules 2319 Insulating film 2321 scan lines 2322 Video signal line 2323 Common electrode 2324 TFT 2325 pixel electrode 2401 Backlight Unit 2402 Diffuser 2403 Light guide plate 2404 Reflector 2405 Lamp reflector 2406 Light source 2407 LCD panel 2408 Polarizing Plate 2409 Polarizing Plate 2411 Light source unit 2501 Light source unit 2502 cold cathode tube 2503 Lamp Reflector 2511 Light Source Unit 2512 Light-emitting diode 2513 Lamp Reflector 2521 Light Source Unit 2522 Light-emitting diode 2525 Lamp Reflector 2531 Light Source Unit 2532 Light Emitting Diode 2535 Lamp Reflector 2600 Polarizer 2601 Protective film 2602 Substrate film 2603 PVA polarized film 2604 Substrate film 2605 Adhesive layer 2606 Release film 2700 board 2701 Pixel unit 2702 Source signal line driver circuit 2705 ​​IC chip 2706 FPC 2801 board 2802 Opposing substrate 2803 Sealing material 2805 Liquid crystal layer 2806 Colored film 2807 Polarizing plate 2809 Protective film 2810 Connection terminal 2811 FPC 2812 Wiring board 2813 External circuit 2814 cold cathode tube 2815 Reflector 2816 Optical Film 2817 bezel 2818 Alignment film 2900 display panel 2901 Display section 2902 Data Line Driver 2903 Scan Line Driver 2904 Wiring connection board 2905 Connection 2910 Control circuit 2911 Video data conversion circuit 2912 Power supply circuit 2913 Connector 2914 Backlight Unit 2915 Power supply for control and video data conversion circuits 2916 Driver power supply 2917 Pixel circuit power supply 2918 Backlight Power Supply 2920 Display device 2921 External drive circuit 3001 main unit 3002 Display section 3004 Operation key 3006 Shutter button 3011 main unit 3012 chassis 3013 Display section 3014 Keyboard 3015 External connection port 3016 Pointing Device 3021 Main Unit 3022 Housing 3023 Display part A 3024 Display part B 3025 Recording medium (DVD, etc.) reading unit 3026 Operation Key 3027 Speaker section 3031 Housing 3032 Support stand 3033 Display section 3034 Speaker 3035 Video input terminal 3100 Mobile Phone 3101 Main body (A) 3102 Main body (B) 3103 Housing 3104 Operation switches 3105 Microphone 3106 Speaker 3107 Circuit Board 3108 Display panel (A) 3109 Display Panel (B) 3110 Hinge 3210 chassis 3211 Display section 3212 Remote control device 3213 Speaker section 3301 Display Panel 3302 Unit bath 3401 Electric pole 3402 Display panel 3403 Mobile 3501 Body 3502 Display Panel 3601 Train car body 3602 Display Panel 3603 Display Panel 3604 Display Panel 3701 Airplane body 3702 Display panel 3703 Hinge part 2703a Gate signal line driver circuit

Claims

[Claim 1] scan lines extending in a first direction; a common line extending in the first direction; a first wiring extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first pixel; a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel with the common line interposed therebetween; a third pixel adjacent to the first pixel with the first wiring interposed therebetween, Each of the first to third pixels a semiconductor layer having a channel formation region of a transistor; a first electrode electrically connected to the transistor; a second electrode having a region overlapping the first electrode via an insulating film; a liquid crystal layer on the first electrode and the second electrode; the second electrode of the first pixel and the second electrode of the second pixel are each a part of a conductive film provided continuously in the first pixel and the second pixel, The conductive film is electrically connected to the common line.

Images