Insulation type DC / DC converter and control method for insulation type DC / DC converter

Abstract

To provide an insulation type DC / DC converter which performs intermittent operation using a transformer and an inverter, in which magnetic deviation in the transformer is suppressed.SOLUTION: A DC side of an inverter 2 is connected to a first DC voltage source 1. A primary side coil of a transformer 3 is connected to an AC side of the inverter 2. A rectifier 4 is connected to a secondary side coil of the transformer 3. A second DC voltage source 5 is connected to a DC side of the rectifier 4. An insulation type DC / DC converter performs pulse density control by intermittent operation. The inverter 2 is brought into a switching state in which the primary side coil of the transformer 3 is short-circuited during an inverter idling period. Switching states during inverter operating periods just before and after the inverter idling period are made identical. A sum of pulse widths during the inverter operating periods just before and after the inverter idling period is controlled to match a pulse width at a normal time during the inverter operating periods.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a power transmission technology in an isolated DC / DC converter using a transformer and an inverter, and more particularly to a control method for intermittent operation in which a period in which an inverter outputs voltage and a period in which no voltage is output are repeated. [Background technology]

[0002] An isolated DC / DC converter, as shown in Fig. 1, is known as a circuit that generates another isolated DC voltage source from a DC voltage source, using the insulation of a transformer 3. As shown in Fig. 1, an inverter 2 is provided on the primary side of the transformer 3, and a rectifier 4 is provided on the secondary side of the transformer 3. The output voltage of the inverter 2 is applied to the primary side of the transformer 3, and the voltage waveform is pulsed.

[0003] There are two methods for controlling inverter 2, which varies the power transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side: one is to vary the pulse width (duty) of the pulse voltage, which is the inverter output voltage, and the other is to perform intermittent operation by setting a period during which the output of inverter 2 is paused while keeping the pulse width constant, thereby varying the pulse density.

[0004] Of these two methods, the method that controls the pulse density determines the amount of power that can be transmitted per pulse. If the ratio of the inverter operating period to the inverter idle period is small, the pulse density is low, and the average power that can be transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side is small.

[0005] On the other hand, when the ratio of the inverter operating period is large, the pulse density is high and the power that can be transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side on average is large. The difference in transmitted power due to differences in pulse density is shown in Figure 2. Note that the inverter output voltage is either +V1, 0, or -V1 relative to the voltage V1 of the first DC voltage source 1 in Figure 1. The inverter output voltage is ±V1 during the inverter operating period and 0 during the inverter non-operating period.

[0006] In the configuration of Figure 1, if the average voltage applied to transformer 3 is not 0, the excitation current of transformer 3 continues to increase or decrease, causing a biased magnetization phenomenon in which the iron core of transformer 3 becomes magnetically saturated. To prevent this, Patent Documents 1 to 4 take the following measures.

[0007] Patent Document 1: The pattern of the inverter output voltage is controlled so that the inverter enters a pause period at the timing when the excitation current becomes zero.

[0008] Patent Documents 2 and 3: A mechanism is provided to measure the waveform of the voltage applied to the transformer and the magnetic flux of the transformer core, and the pulse width of the inverter output voltage is controlled according to the measured values.

[0009] Patent Document 4: The positive and negative polarities of the inverter output voltage are switched for each operation period. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-130997 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-144303 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-344715 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2024-000954 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] In the case of Patent Document 1, the timing at which the excitation current becomes 0 occurs only twice per pulse period, making it difficult to achieve high-precision control such as matching the inverter operation period with a desired time.

[0012] In the cases of Patent Documents 2 and 3, an additional mechanism for measuring voltage and magnetic flux is required, and furthermore, the control becomes complicated because the pulse width must be controlled simultaneously with the pulse density.

[0013] Fig. 3 shows an example of waveforms when the inverter is controlled so as to enter an inverter idle period when the excitation current becomes zero in the configuration of Fig. 1, as in Patent Document 1. As mentioned above, there are only two times per pulse period when the excitation current becomes zero, so there is a timing constraint. If this constraint is ignored and the inverter idle period is entered at a timing when the excitation current does not become zero, a direct current may be superimposed on the excitation current, as shown in Fig. 4, causing biased magnetization.

[0014] In Patent Document 4, the inverter output voltage is output with the positive and negative polarities reversed for each operating period. If the duration of two consecutive operating periods is the same, the magnetic flux in the transformer can be canceled out for each of the two operating periods. However, if the duration of each operating period differs, the magnetic flux in the transformer cannot be canceled out and remains, and as this accumulates, there is a risk of a magnetic bias phenomenon occurring, in which the transformer core becomes magnetically saturated.

[0015] For the reasons described above, in an isolated DC / DC converter that performs intermittent operation using a transformer and an inverter, suppressing bias magnetization of the transformer becomes an issue. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] The present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and one aspect thereof is an isolated DC / DC converter that applies pulse density control through intermittent operation, comprising: a first DC voltage source; an inverter whose DC side is connected to the first DC voltage source; a transformer whose primary winding is connected to the AC side of the inverter; a rectifier connected to the secondary winding of the transformer; and a second DC voltage source connected to the DC side of the rectifier, wherein the inverter is in a switching state that short-circuits the primary winding of the transformer during inverter idle periods, and the switching states during inverter operating periods immediately before and after the inverter idle periods are identical, and the sum of the pulse widths during the inverter operating periods immediately before and after the inverter idle periods is controlled so as to match the pulse width under normal conditions during the inverter operating periods.

[0017] In one aspect, the inverter includes first and second switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, and third and fourth switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, and is a single-phase full-bridge circuit in which a connection point between the first and second switching elements and a connection point between the third and fourth switching elements are connected to the primary winding of the transformer, and the inverter idle period is characterized in that the first and third switching elements are ON and the second and fourth switching elements are OFF, or the second and fourth switching elements are ON and the first and third switching elements are OFF.

[0018] In another aspect, the inverter includes first and second switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, third and fourth switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, and fifth and sixth switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, and is a three-phase full bridge circuit in which a connection point between the first and second switching elements, a connection point between the third and fourth switching elements, and a connection point between the fifth and sixth switching elements are connected to the primary winding of the transformer, and the inverter idle period is characterized in that the first, third, and fifth switching elements are turned ON and the second, fourth, and sixth switching elements are turned OFF, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching elements are turned ON and the first, third, and fifth switching elements are turned OFF. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] According to the present invention, in an isolated DC / DC converter that performs intermittent operation using a transformer and an inverter, it is possible to suppress bias magnetization of the transformer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an isolated DC / DC converter. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a graph showing transmitted power relative to pulse density. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of waveforms when the inverter is stopped at the timing when the excitation current becomes 0. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of waveforms when the inverter is stopped at a timing when the excitation current is not zero. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of an isolated DC / DC converter according to a first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of waveforms when State 3 is applied to the inverter idle period and the inverter idle period is short. [Figure 7] 3A and 3B are diagrams showing waveforms of an inverter output voltage and an excitation current according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of an isolated DC / DC converter according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Hereinafter, first and second embodiments of the isolated DC / DC converter of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

[0022] [Embodiment 1] 5 shows the circuit configuration of an isolated DC / DC converter to which the control method of the present embodiment 1 is applied. First, the circuit configuration of the isolated DC / DC converter in the present embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

[0023] A single-phase full-bridge inverter 2 is connected to a first DC voltage source 1. Specifically, first and second U-phase switching elements S1 and S2 are connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source 1. In addition, third and fourth switching elements S3 and S4 are connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source 1.

[0024] The connection point between the first and second switching elements S1 and S2 is connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer 3. The connection point between the third and fourth switching elements S3 and S4 is connected to the other end of the primary winding of the transformer 3.

[0025] A single-phase rectifier 4 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer 3. Specifically, one end of the secondary winding of the transformer 3 is connected to the junction of the first and second diodes D1 and D2 of the rectifier 4, and the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer 3 is connected to the junction of the third and fourth diodes D3 and D4 of the rectifier 4.

[0026] The first and third diodes D1 and D3 are connected to one end of a second DC voltage source 5, and the second and fourth diodes D2 and D4 are connected to the other end of the second DC voltage source 5. A load 6 is connected in parallel to the second DC voltage source 5.

[0027] The inverter 2 connected to the first DC voltage source 1 is a single-phase full-bridge circuit, and the inter-phase voltage Vuv between the U and V phases of the single-phase full-bridge circuit is applied to the primary winding of the transformer 3. A rectifier 4 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer 3 to convert it into DC. This makes it possible to generate a second DC voltage source 5 that is isolated from the first DC voltage source 1 at the input section of the inverter 2.

[0028] Inverter 2 of the single-phase full-bridge circuit has four switching states (State 1 to State 4) as shown in Table 1. Note that although State 4 lists two switching states, the inverter output voltage is 0 in either switching state, so they are treated as one switching state without distinction.

[0029] [Table 1]

[0030] During the inverter operation period, the output voltage of inverter 2 is alternately switched between +V1 and -V1 by alternately switching between state 1 and state 2. When switching between these states, it is generally necessary to insert dead time, which corresponds to state 3. Meanwhile, during the inverter rest period, there are two methods: state 3 or state 4.

[0031] When State 3 is applied as an inverter idle period, inverter 2 operates as a rectifier during State 3. When switching from the inverter operation period to State 3 as an inverter idle period while the excitation current is not zero, the excitation current flows to first DC voltage source 1 or second DC voltage source 5, causing the energy charged in the excitation inductance of transformer 3 to be discharged to first DC voltage source 1 or second DC voltage source 5, and the excitation current attenuates.

[0032] Here, if the inverter rest period is short and the next inverter operation period occurs before the energy charged in the excitation inductance of transformer 3 is completely discharged, DC is superimposed on the excitation current, causing bias magnetization, as shown in Figure 6.

[0033] When State 4 is applied as the inverter idle period, if the inverter operation period switches to the inverter idle period while the excitation current is not zero, the excitation inductance of transformer 3 is short-circuited by the switching element of inverter 2 on the primary side. As a result, ignoring circuit loss, the excitation current during the inverter operation period is maintained as shown in Figure 4.

[0034] In the first embodiment, State 4 is applied during the inverter idle period to maintain the excitation current. Then, the switching state is made the same during the inverter operation period immediately before and after the inverter idle period, and the sum of the pulse widths during the inverter operation period immediately before and after the inverter idle period is made the same as the pulse width during normal operation during the inverter operation period.

[0035] This makes it possible to suppress changes in the excitation current to the same range as when the inverter is stopped at the timing when the excitation current becomes zero, as shown in Figure 3. This method does not require the constraint on the inverter operation period as in Patent Document 1, or the additional voltage and magnetic flux measurement mechanism as in Patent Documents 2 and 3. In addition, there is no need to match the time widths of two consecutive operation periods, which is a constraint in Patent Document 4.

[0036] The method for deriving an operation pattern according to the first embodiment is summarized below. An example of a waveform is shown in FIG.

[0037] (1) Inverter operation period During the inverter operation period, if the dead time is ignored and the pulse period is Tpulse, the inverter will alternate between State 1 and State 2 in Table 1 for a time of 0.5 x Tpulse (0.5 period). This results in operation where the inverter output voltage has a constant duty of 50%.

[0038] When switching from an inverter operating period to an inverter resting period, the shortfall in output time for 0.5 cycles, "Tshort", is calculated and recorded using the following formula (1) based on the switching state (state 1 or state 2) in the previous inverter operating period and the output time in that state (Tbefore).

[0039]

number

[0040] (2) Inverter off period During the inverter idle period, the excitation current from the previous inverter operation period is maintained by setting the inverter to state 4 in Table 1. In state 4, the first and third switching elements S1 and S3 are on and the second and fourth switching elements S2 and S4 are off, or the second and fourth switching elements S2 and S4 are on and the first and third switching elements S1 and S3 are off.

[0041] (3) Inverter operation period The initial switching state when the inverter resumes operation shall be the same as the state of the inverter operating period immediately preceding (1) of (2) the inverter pause period. After that, the inverter will resume operation by alternating between states 1 and 2. At this time, the time (pulse width) of the initial switching state when the inverter resumes operation shall be "Tshort" calculated and recorded in "(1) Inverter operating period."

[0042] This results in an inverter pause period where the excitation current is maintained being inserted into the excitation current waveform when the inverter output voltage is operated at a constant duty of 50% without intermittent operation.As a result, without restricting the length of the inverter operation period, the excitation current can be kept within the same range of change as when the inverter is operated continuously, and asymmetric magnetization can be suppressed.

[0043] As described above, according to the present embodiment 1, by applying a switching state (state 4 in Table 1) that can maintain the excitation current during the inverter pause period, it is no longer necessary to end the inverter operation period at the timing when the excitation current becomes 0, as was the case in Patent Document 1, and bias magnetization can be suppressed during any inverter operation period.

[0044] Furthermore, by calculating and recording the pulse width required for the next inverter operation period when the inverter operation period ends, it is possible to adjust the pulse width for the next inverter operation period without information on the applied voltage of the transformer 3 or the magnetic flux of the transformer 3, eliminating the need for the additional mechanisms for measuring voltage and magnetic flux as in Patent Documents 2 and 3. Also, there is no need to match the time widths of two consecutive operation periods, which is a restriction in Patent Document 4.

[0045] (Conditions under which circuit loss can be ignored) If the primary-side equivalent series resistance component associated with the windings and circuit element wiring of transformer 3 is ESR1, the primary-side winding inductance is L1, and the primary-side current is I1, then the secondary side is essentially open during the period corresponding to the inverter idle period in State 4, and therefore the following equation (2) is established.

[0046]

number

[0047] Therefore, when the fluctuation of the secondary voltage can be ignored, if the current at t=0 immediately after the transition to the pause period is I0, the following equation (3) holds.

[0048]

number

[0049] In other words, the condition for the above attenuation to be negligible is that the quiescent period t must be sufficiently smaller than L1 / ESR1, which corresponds to the primary-side time constant. Conversely, even if L1 divided by the quiescent period t is sufficiently larger than the primary-side equivalent series resistance component ESR1, this also constitutes a condition for attenuation to be negligible and circuit loss to be negligible. As long as the primary-side equivalent series resistance component ESR1 is small enough to satisfy this condition, it will suffice. This condition is satisfied in normal designs.

[0050] [Embodiment 2] The difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the transformer 3, the inverter 2, and the rectifier 4 are changed from single-phase to three-phase. The circuit system in the second embodiment is shown in FIG.

[0051] Specifically, first and second U-phase switching elements S1 and S2 are connected in series between one end and the other end of first DC voltage source 1. Third and fourth switching elements S3 and S4 are connected in series between one end and the other end of first DC voltage source 1. Fifth and sixth switching elements S5 and S6 are connected in series between one end and the other end of first DC voltage source 1.

[0052] The connection point of the first and second switching elements S1 and S2, the connection point of the third and fourth switching elements S3 and S4, and the connection point of the fifth and sixth switching elements S5 and S6 are connected to a transformer 3.

[0053] The secondary winding of the transformer 3 is connected to the junction of the first and second diodes D1 and D2, the junction of the third and fourth diodes D3 and D4, and the junction of the fifth and sixth diodes D5 and D6.

[0054] The first, third, and fifth diodes D1, D3, and D5 are connected to one end of a second DC voltage source 5, and the second, fourth, and sixth diodes D2, D4, and D6 are connected to the other end of the second DC voltage source 5. A load 6 is connected in parallel to the second DC voltage source 5.

[0055] The U-phase-V phase line voltage, the V-phase-W phase line voltage, and the W-phase-U phase line voltage are denoted by Vuv, Vvw, and Vwu, respectively.

[0056] In the case of the three-phase inverter of Figure 8, there are eight switching states (State 1 to State 8) as shown in Table 2. Note that although two switching states are listed for State 8, the inverter output voltages are all 0 in either switching state, so they are treated as a single switching state without distinction. In State 8, the first, third, and fifth switching elements S1, S3, and S5 are on and the second, fourth, and sixth switching elements S2, S4, and S6 are off, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching elements S2, S4, and S6 are on and the first, third, and fifth switching elements S1, S3, and S5 are off.

[0057] During the inverter operation period, a 50% duty pulse is output from each phase of inverter 2, with the timing shifted by 1 / 3 of the pulse period between phases (phase difference of 120 degrees).As a result, states 1 to 6 in Table 2 are output in sequence, each for 1 / 6 of the pulse period.

[0058] [Table 2]

[0059] Next, the operation during the inverter off period will be described.

[0060] In the single-phase full-bridge circuit of the first embodiment, in state 4 in Table 1, the exciting inductance of the transformer 3 is short-circuited by the switching element of the inverter 2 on the primary side.

[0061] Similarly, in the case of the three-phase inverter of the second embodiment, in state 8 in Table 2, the exciting inductance of the transformer 3 is short-circuited by the switching element of the inverter 2 on the primary side.

[0062] In this way, as in embodiment 1, by selecting state 8 in Table 2 during the inverter pause period, the excitation current during the inverter pause period can be maintained. The initial switching state when the inverter resumes operation is the same as the switching state during the inverter operation period immediately before the inverter pause period. After that, states 1 to 6 are output in sequence, each for 1 / 6 of the pulse period. At this time, the time for the initial switching state upon recovery is set to "Tshort," which is calculated and recorded during the inverter operation period immediately before the inverter pause period.

[0063] Therefore, an inverter pause period in which the excitation current is maintained is inserted into the excitation current waveform when the inverter output voltage is operated at a constant duty without intermittent operation. As a result, the excitation current can be kept within the same range of change as when the inverter is operated continuously without restricting the length of the inverter operation period, and asymmetric magnetization can be suppressed.

[0064] As described above, according to the second embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be achieved even in the case of a three-phase inverter.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described in detail above only with respect to the specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and it is natural that such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0066] 1...First DC voltage source 2...Inverter 3...Transformer 4... Rectifier 5...Second DC voltage source 6...Load S1 to S6: First to sixth switching elements D1 to D6: 1st to 6th diodes

Claims

1. An isolated DC / DC converter that applies pulse density control through intermittent operation, a first DC voltage source; an inverter having a DC side connected to the first DC voltage source; a transformer having a primary winding connected to the AC side of the inverter; a rectifier connected to a secondary winding of the transformer; a second DC voltage source connected to the DC side of the rectifier; Equipped with The inverter is During the inverter off period, a switching state is set in which the primary winding of the transformer is short-circuited; The switching states of the inverter operating periods immediately before and after the inverter idle period are made the same, an isolated DC / DC converter configured to control a sum of pulse widths during the inverter operation periods immediately before and after the inverter idle period so as to match a pulse width during normal operation during the inverter operation period.

2. The inverter is a single-phase full-bridge circuit including first and second switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, and third and fourth switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, wherein a connection point between the first and second switching elements and a connection point between the third and fourth switching elements are connected to the primary winding of the transformer; 2. The isolated DC / DC converter according to claim 1, wherein, during the inverter idle period, the first and third switching elements are turned ON and the second and fourth switching elements are turned OFF, or the second and fourth switching elements are turned ON and the first and third switching elements are turned OFF.

3. The inverter is a three-phase full bridge circuit including first and second switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, third and fourth switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, and fifth and sixth switching elements connected in series between one end and the other end of the first DC voltage source, wherein a connection point between the first and second switching elements, a connection point between the third and fourth switching elements, and a connection point between the fifth and sixth switching elements are connected to the primary winding of the transformer; 2. The isolated DC / DC converter according to claim 1, wherein, during the inverter idle period, the first, third, and fifth switching elements are turned ON and the second, fourth, and sixth switching elements are turned OFF, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching elements are turned ON and the first, third, and fifth switching elements are turned OFF.

4. a first DC voltage source; an inverter having a DC side connected to the first DC voltage source; a transformer having a primary winding connected to the AC side of the inverter; a rectifier connected to a secondary winding of the transformer; a second DC voltage source connected to the DC side of the rectifier; A control method for an isolated DC / DC converter employing pulse density control through intermittent operation, comprising: The inverter is During the inverter off period, a switching state is set in which the primary winding of the transformer is short-circuited; The switching states of the inverter operating periods immediately before and after the inverter idle period are made the same, a control method for an isolated DC / DC converter, comprising controlling a sum of pulse widths during the inverter operation periods immediately before and after the inverter idle period so as to match a pulse width during normal operation during the inverter operation period.

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