Wireless communication apparatus, device, and communication method

Abstract

To appropriately process a CP when the CP length of each OFDM symbol is longer than the chip length.SOLUTION: A wireless communication apparatus that communicates with a device with lower complexity than that of an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device includes a control unit that inserts a CP (Cyclic Prefix) created by copying the last one or more chips of each OFDM symbol at the beginning of the OFDM symbol, and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the device with lower complexity. When the CP length is longer than the chip length, the control unit controls the states of the last multiple chips of each OFDM symbol such that the chip states are identical to each other and different from the state of the first symbol.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication device and a communication method. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12) [Non-patent document 2] “Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09) [Non-Patent Document 5] “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 [Non-patent document 6] 3GPP TS 38.211 V17.6.0 (2023-09) Summary of the Invention

[0005] There is room for further study on how to process cyclic prefixes (CPs) in OFDM symbols transmitted and received in communication systems including ambient IoT devices. If CPs in OFDM symbols cannot be properly processed, channels and / or signals cannot be properly transmitted and received, which may result in degradation of system performance.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication apparatus, device, and communication method that can appropriately process CP in OFDM symbols transmitted and received in a communication system including an ambient IoT device.

[0007] A wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a wireless communication device that communicates with a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device, and includes: a control unit that inserts a CP (Cyclic Prefix) that is a copy of the last one or more chips of each OFDM symbol at the beginning of the OFDM symbol; and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low-complexity device, and when the CP length is longer than the chip length, the control unit controls the state of the last multiple chips of each OFDM symbol so that they are identical to each other and different from the state of the first symbol. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2]FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL support. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. [Figure 8] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 2. [Figure 10] A diagram showing an example of the configuration of a preamble, control / data, and midamble used in R2D / D2R transmission. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of control / data and postambles used in R2D / D2R transmissions. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of generating a general CP when one symbol contains four chips. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of general CP generation when one symbol contains more than 12 chips. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating a CP in Proposal 1 when one symbol contains 16 / 24 chips. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of CP generation in Proposal 1 when one symbol contains 32 chips. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of CP generation in Proposal 1 when one symbol contains 32 chips. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of CP generation in Proposal 1 when one symbol contains eight chips. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating a CP in Proposal 2 when one symbol contains more than 12 chips. [Figure 19]FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of CP generation in option 1 of proposal 2 when one symbol contains more than 12 chips. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of CP generation in option 2 of proposal 2 when one symbol contains more than 12 chips. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating a CP in Proposal 2 when one symbol contains more than 12 chips. [Figure 22] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 25] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. The existing technologies are, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems beyond LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, device, terminal, etc. are set.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless communication system> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be considered a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0015] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RBs).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data from the device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0017] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0019] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE.

[0020] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0021] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0023] Ambient IoT may consider, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment The connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (e.g., base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters) communicate with the ambient IoT devices - Duplexing method: TDD or FDD, frequency band: licensed or unlicensed Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies - Traffic assumptions for outgoing / incoming traffic from the device

[0024] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: ·Power consumption Complexity ·coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0025] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0026] <Device type and topology> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation and amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the capability of independent signal generation, and performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, is capable of independent signal generation, and has active RF (radio frequency) components for transmission.

[0027] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0031] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Figure 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The supporting nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. Communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0037] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE in Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, an ambient IoT device may be referred to as an A-IoT device or simply as A-IoT.

[0039] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the device's antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> The Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description) examined solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0043] Additionally, for the DL and UL of A-IoT, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) As for traffic, there is transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but there is no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, for example, in which there is an instruction such as a command to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] ·DO-DTT(device originated - device terminated triggered) Traffic includes triggers from the network (NW) and transmissions (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Prerequisites For A-IoT UE, the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed:

[0049] ·TX TX can be unamplified backscatter UL transmission or amplified general UL transmission, or alternatively amplified backscatter UL transmission can be performed.

[0050] FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE, that is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz FR3: 7.125GHz~24.25GHz

[0052] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0053] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as intermediate UE, int.UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] The following explains the terminology. In R2D communication, downlink communication from the reader to the A-IoT device is performed via a link from the reader to the A-IoT device. In D2R communication, uplink communication from the A-IoT device to the reader is performed via a link from the A-IoT device to the reader. The reader consists of either a base station (BS) or a UE and constitutes the D2R receiver. The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver can be the same node or different nodes. The Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH) is the physical R2D channel, and the Physical Device-to-Reader Channel (PDRCH) is the physical D2R channel. DT traffic refers to device-terminated traffic such as commands sent from the reader to the A-IoT device, and DO-DTT traffic refers to device-originated-device-terminated trigger traffic such as inventory by the A-IoT device.

[0057] <Device Type> Three device types are defined for A-IoT devices: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0058] Device 1 (may also be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z ppm (parts per million), where Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0). Device 1 does not have any amplification in either DL or UL. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0059] Device 2a (also referred to as Type 2a) The device 2a is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. The device 2a has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). The device 2a also performs DL and / or UL amplification. The UL transmission in the device 2a is performed by backscattering in a CW provided from an external device.

[0060] Device 2b (also called Type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). DL and / or UL amplification is performed in device 2b. UL transmission in device 2b is performed internally within device 2b. In other words, UL transmission in device 2b does not need to be performed by backscattering in CW provided from an external source.

[0061] <Candidate Topology> Next, we describe candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission.

[0062] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Fig. 8 shows Topology 1A, Topology 1B, Topology 1C, Topology 1D, and Topology 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0063] As shown in Figure 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in Figure 8 and below) / D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in Figure 8 and below) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0064] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable, where reader corresponds to BS and / or intermediate UE, and device corresponds to A-IoT device.

[0065] In Topology 1A, the node (first BS) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0066] In Topology 1B, the node (BS) that transmits the CW, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0067] In Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS, (intermediate) UE, IAB node, NCR (network-controlled repeater) node, relay node, or other type of node.

[0068] In Topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0069] In Topology 1E, the node (first BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0070] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Fig. 9 shows Topology 2A, Topology 2B, Topology 2C, Topology 2D, and Topology 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0071] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (denoted as "R2D" in Figure 9) / D2R communication signals (denoted as "D2R" in Figure 9) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0072] In Topology 2A, the node transmitting the CW (first intermediate UE) is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (second intermediate UE), and the node transmitting the CW is the same as the node transmitting the R2D communication signal. Also, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0073] In Topology 2B, the node that transmits the CW (intermediate UE), the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0074] In Topology 2C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (intermediate UE). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0075] In Topology 2D, the node (intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0076] In Topology 2E, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0077] <Timing Acquisition in R2D / D2R Transmission> In a communication system including A-IoT devices, the candidate topologies described above are considered, and signals for R2D communication (hereinafter simply referred to as "R2D") and signals for D2R communication (hereinafter simply referred to as "D2R") are transmitted and received.

[0078] It is agreed to consider the timing acquisition signal in such R2D / D2R transmission. Note that timing acquisition may be replaced by (time) synchronization. Hereinafter, the timing acquisition signal for R2D is referred to as the R2D timing acquisition signal, and the timing acquisition signal for D2R is referred to as the D2R timing acquisition signal.

[0079] Regarding R2D transmission, it is agreed that the R2D timing acquisition signal is included in R2D, at least for timing acquisition and also for notifying the start (or start or starting point) of R2D transmission in the time domain. Here, the R2D timing acquisition signal may be, for example, an R2D preamble.

[0080] Regarding D2R transmission, it is agreed that the D2R timing acquisition signal is included in D2R, at least for timing acquisition and also for notifying the start of D2R transmission in the time domain. Here, the D2R timing acquisition signal may be, for example, a D2R preamble.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 10, the R2D preamble may be arranged temporally before the R2D control / data, and the D2R preamble may be arranged temporally before the D2R control / data. Note that in this specification and the drawings, control information and / or data (information) may be omitted and described as control / data.

[0082] As described above, since the A-IoT device is assumed to be a device with a very simple configuration for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption, it may not have a time synchronization function. In this case, the timing, that is, the synchronization obtained by the R2D preamble or the D2R preamble, may be lost during communication, and there is a risk that communication cannot be properly executed. Therefore, in addition to the preamble, a midamble is also being considered for timing acquisition. That is, considering the case where the timing obtained from the preamble cannot be accurately maintained until the end (or termination or end point) of the R2D / D2R transmission, the midamble may be used for timing acquisition. As shown in FIG. 10, the R2D midamble needs to be arranged in the center (midway) of the R2D control / data transmission, and the D2R midamble may need to be arranged in the center (midway) of the D2R control / data transmission. The R2D midamble may be referred to as a timing acquisition signal, an additional timing acquisition signal, an R2D timing acquisition signal, an additional R2D timing acquisition signal, etc. The D2R midamble may be referred to as a timing acquisition signal, an additional timing acquisition signal, a D2R timing acquisition signal, an additional D2R timing acquisition signal, etc.

[0083] Also, the postamble is being considered. The postamble may be used to notify the end of the R2D / D2R transmission in the time domain. As shown in FIG. 11, the R2D postamble is arranged at the end of the R2D control / data transmission (temporally after the last R2D control / data), and the D2R postamble may be arranged at the end of the R2D control / data transmission (temporally after the last D2R control / data).

[0084] <CP Processing for OFDM Waveform in R2D Transmission> In the OFDM symbol of NR, a CP obtained by copying a part of the end of the symbol is inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbol. Thereby, multipath interference can be suppressed.

[0085] It is unclear whether A-IoT devices can recognize CPs. Therefore, when inserting CPs into OFDM symbols, there is a concern that the CPs may affect the decoding of OOK (On Off Keying) in A-IoT devices.

[0086] In Rel-19, the following points were agreed upon regarding CP processing for OFDM-based OOK waveforms in R2D transmissions:

[0087] Possible down-selection will be considered from among the following candidate methods, not excluding other method types: Method type 1: The A-IoT device, rather than the designated sender device, locates the CP and deletes it. Method Type 2: CP insertion in OFDM-based waveforms prevents false rising / falling edges (fake edges) from occurring between the last OOK chip of OFDM symbol (n-1) and the first OOK chip of OFDM symbol n.

[0088] In Method Type 1, the following points remain undetermined: How the device determines the location of the CP Impact on the feasibility of device SFO Relationship with the number of chips M

[0089] In Method Type 2, the following points remain undetermined: Whether and how to arrange the CP so that the OOK chips have the same length after inserting the CP Relationship with the number of chips M Details of the relationship between line codes and codewords Impact on the feasibility of device SFO

[0090] Consideration of methods should include, for example: Impact of CP on R2D timing acquisition, PRDCH decoding and performance ·Complexity of implementation of the leader and A-IoT devices (when they are within the same NR band) ·Interference between R2D and DL / UL of NR ·Spectral efficiency

[0091] Note that "chip" refers to the ON / OFF period of an OOK symbol. Also, "M" in OOK refers to the number of chips within one OFDM symbol. Also, the leader is a device that receives signals from A-IoT devices.

[0092] In the case of method type 1, the A-IoT device deletes the samples of the CP.

[0093] <NR CP length> In the current NR specification, the CP length is defined as follows.

[0094] The time-continuous signal s , u (p,u) (t) and the OFDM symbol time length T μ symb,l for any physical channel or signal other than PRACH is defined by the following formula (see Section 5.3.1 of Non-Patent Document 6).

Equation

[0095] In contrast, at the start of the subframe t = 0, the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP length (effective OFDM symbol length) N μ u , and the CP length N[[ID=四十二]] μ CP,l is defined by the following formula (see Section 5.3.1 of Non-Patent Document 6).

Equation

[0096] Here, the effective OFDM symbol length N μu and CP Chief N μ CP,l is the NR basic time unit T c = 1 / (480,000 × 4096). κ is the NR basic time unit T c , and the LTE basic time unit T s = 1 / (15,000 × 2048), and κ = T s / T c = 64 (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 6). c Note that while the normal CP is a frame structure in which one slot contains 14 OFDM symbols, the extended CP is a frame structure in which one slot contains 12 OFDM symbols when the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz (μ=2).

[0097] From the above formula 2, in normal CP (normal prefix), l = 0 or l = 7·2 μ The CP length is 144κ·2 -μ +16κ, while l≠0 and l≠7·2 μ The CP length in this case is 144κ·2 -μ In addition, when the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15 kHz (μ=0), l=0 or l=7·2 μ The CP length of is 160κ≒5.2μs, l≠0 and l≠7·2 μ In this case, the CP length is 144κ ≒ 4.7 μs.

[0098] The OFDM symbol length is the effective OFDM symbol length: N μ u , CP Head: N μ CP,l Usually, in CP (normal prefix), l=0 or l=7·2 μ The OFDM symbol length in this case is 2192κ·2 -μ +16κ, l≠0 and l≠7·2 μ In the case of OFDM symbol length 2192κ·2 -μ Longer than l=0 or l=7·2 μThe OFDM symbol in this case is called a "long symbol", and l ≠ 0 and l ≠ 7 2 μ The OFDM symbol in this case is called a "short symbol."

[0099] In the case of extended cyclic prefixes, the CP length is 512κ·2. -μ and the OFDM symbol length is 2560κ·2 -μ is.

[0100] <CP position / length for Method Type 1> The receiving A-IoT device detects the R2D signal by detecting the rising (transition from low voltage to high voltage) and falling (transition from high voltage to low voltage) edges of the OOK, rather than by coherent detection using an OFDM receiver.

[0101] In Method Type 1, the A-IoT device must identify the location of the CP and delete it. It was agreed that the following two methods (Alt (Alternation)) should be further considered for determining the location / length of the CP in Method Type 1. (Alt. 1) A-IoT devices assume that the CP length is the same for each OFDM symbol, i.e., they do not distinguish the exact CP length between different OFDM symbols. (Alt. 2) The period between transition edges is used by A-IoT devices to determine the location / length of CPs, i.e., if the period is deemed invalid based on known chip periods.

[0102] In this study, it is recommended to clarify the CP removal method to be used and the implementation aspects of the A-IoT device. It is also recommended to conduct an evaluation for at least a small value of M (e.g., 4) and a large value of M (e.g., 24) compared to when the CP length of each OFDM symbol is known by the A-IoT device. Furthermore, it is recommended that the SFO value and SFO detection method used in the evaluation be reported.

[0103] [Alt.1] In Alt.1, A-IoT devices do not distinguish between CP lengths. This may affect the decoding performance of OOK. For example, if an A-IoT device assumes all symbols are short and removes the CP, it will affect the decoding of long symbols.

[0104] [Alt.2] In Alt.2, the A-IoT device performs transition edge detection to determine the CP, i.e., the A-IoT device determines the position / length of the CP from the rising / falling edges of each chip.

[0105] To generate a transition edge, the first and last chips of the OFDM symbol must be in opposite states, so a parity chip must be inserted at the end of the OFDM symbol.

[0106] In addition, the CP length and chip length also need to be taken into consideration. For example, as shown in Fig. 12, when one symbol contains four chips (M = 4), the chip length is longer than the CP length, so the transmitting device can copy some of the last chips and add a CP to the beginning of the symbol. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 13, when one symbol contains more than 12 chips (M = 12), the CP length is longer than the chip length, so the transmitting device will copy multiple chips from the end and add a CP to the beginning of the symbol.

[0107] <Manchester encoded codeword> The Manchester Encoding codewords have been agreed upon as follows: A Manchester codeword consists of two chips.

[0108] In this study, we assume the following bit-to-chip mapping for Manchester encoding: Bit "0" is mapped to chip {1,0} and bit "1" is mapped to chip {0,1}.

[0109] The differences in CP processing from the above have yet to be determined.

[0110] <Analysis> As mentioned above, if one symbol contains more than 12 chips (M=12), the CP length will be longer than the chip length, so the transmitting device must copy multiple chips from the end and add a CP to the beginning of the symbol.

[0111] If the multiple chips are in the same state (e.g., {0,0} or {1,1}), no transition edge occurs during CP; if they are in different states (e.g., {0,1} or {1,0}), a transition edge occurs during CP.

[0112] [Task 1] To reduce device complexity, it is desirable to avoid transition edges during CPs. However, to avoid transition edges during CPs, it is necessary to consider processing to make multiple chips copied to CPs within an OFDM symbol the same state.

[0113] [Task 2] If transition edges are allowed to occur during CP, it is necessary to clarify how to identify the CP portion in A-IoT devices.

[0114] In the following, we propose a method for solving the above problem and processing the CP appropriately when the CP length of each OFDM symbol is longer than the chip length in Method Type 1.

[0115] The items described in the following proposals may be combined as appropriate as long as no contradictions arise.

[0116] In the following proposal, the indication / configuration may be transmitted by physical (PHY) layer control information or higher layer payload (e.g., MAC (Medium Access Control) layer control information, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR (Random Access Response)), Msg4 (unicast data), etc.). Note that the indication in R2D may have the same meaning as above.

[0117] In the following proposal, the indication / configuration may be transmitted by the PRDCH or the R2D timing acquisition signal (preamble / midamble / postamble) / synchronization signal.

[0118] In the following proposal, a slot may be a time interval of 1 ms (ie, one slot in OFDM) or a slot in slotted ALOHA, or any other time domain unit consisting of one or more symbols.

[0119] In the following proposal, a symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips for OOK, or one modulation symbol for PSF / FSK.

[0120] In the following suggestions, the options may be combined as appropriate.

[0121] In the following suggestions, different Alt(Alternation) / options may be applied on a case-by-case basis.

[0122] In the following proposals, different Alt / Options may apply to R2D and D2R.

[0123] In the suggestions below, different Alt / Options may be applied depending on the device type.

[0124] In the following proposals, different Alt / Options may apply to different connection topologies.

[0125] In the following proposal, different Alt / Options may be applied to different R2D / D2R channels (PRDCH: PHY channel for R2D control, PDRCH: PHY channel for D2R control).

[0126] In the following proposal, different Alt / Options may be applied to different R2D / D2R information / formats / commands (R2D data, R2D control, R2D system information, R2D information triggering contention-based access, D2R data, D2R control, D2R ACK / NACK response, D2R response in contention-based access (Msg.1 / Msg.3)).

[0127] In the following, "CW / R2D / D2R transmission" may also be referred to as communication in a wireless communication system including an A-IoT device, communication of an A-IoT device, communication with an A-IoT device, communication involving an A-IoT device, etc.

[0128] In the following, notifications may be carried in the physical (PHY) layer / MAC layer / Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer / a new layer defined for A-IoT.

[0129] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 is a proposal for solving problem 1, which concerns the operation of a transmitting device and an A-IoT device to prevent a transition edge from occurring during the CP of an OFDM symbol.

[0130] <Proposal 1-1> (When one symbol contains more than 12 chips (M=12)) In each OFDM symbol, the ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage) states of the last X chips are controlled to be identical to each other but different from the state of the first symbol, where X is the number of chips at the end of the symbol that are copied for CP.

[0131] This means that when a CP is generated by copying the last X chips of an OFDM symbol, a rising / falling edge is created between the end of the CP and the beginning of the first symbol of the OFDM symbol, allowing A-IoT devices to identify the location of the CP.

[0132] Note that X may vary depending on the value of M. For example, when M=16, X=2, when M=24, X=2, and when M=32, X=3.

[0133] (Sending device behavior) The transmitting device inserts parity chips at the end of the OFDM symbol that are not used for decoding in the A-IoT device. In other words, line coding is not applied to the last Y parity chips of the OFDM symbol. Y is the number of parity chips inserted at the end of the symbol. Line coding includes Manchester coding and PIE (Pulse Interval Encoding).

[0134] (Relationship between Y and X) (Alt.1) Y may be equal to X. In particular, this Alt. 1 can be applied when X is an even number, i.e., when M=16 or M=24 and X=2 (see FIG. 14). For example, if the Manchester code has a codeword of 2, Y is a multiple of 2.

[0135] (Alt.2) Y may be a value different from X. In particular, when X is an odd number, that is, when M=32 and X=3, this Alt. 2 may be applied (see FIGS. 15 and 16).

[0136] (Alt.2-1) Y may be a value greater than X (for example, Y=X+1) (see FIG. 15).

[0137] (Alt.2-2) Y may be a value smaller than X (for example, Y=X−1) (see FIG. 16).

[0138] (Alt.2-2 motivation) Even if some of the chips are copied for CP, line coding can be applied to chips that do not have parity chips added.

[0139] In the case of a line coding codeword that is partially copied for CP, special encoding / decoding can be applied as follows (dotted box in FIG. 16). If there is a rising (falling) edge, the codeword is decoded as bit "1". If there is no rising (falling) edge, the codeword is decoded as bit "0".

[0140] In this case, the A-IoT device can identify the encoded bit based on whether there is a rising / falling edge after the first chip.

[0141] (A-IoT device operation) The A-IoT device assumes that there are no rising / falling edges during the CP. The A-IoT device identifies the CP portion based on the difference between the CP length and the chip length, removes the identified CP portion, and removes the last Y chip. The A-IoT device can identify the Y chip by counting the number of chips from the CP.

[0142] <Proposal 1-2> (When one symbol contains 12 chips (M=12) or less) Proposal 1 can also be applied when M≦12 (for example, M is 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12), that is, when the CP length is shorter than the chip length. In this case, X=1.

[0143] (Sending device behavior) The transmitting device inserts Y parity chips at the end of the OFDM symbol, which are not used for decoding in the A-IoT device. In other words, no line coding is applied to the last Y chips of the OFDM symbol.

[0144] The parity chips inserted at the end of the OFDM symbol may follow one of the following Alts:

[0145] (Alt.1) When PIE is applied to line coding, the transmitting device may insert one parity chip at the end of the OFDM symbol (Y=1).

[0146] (Alt.1 motivation) If the A-IoT device supports PIE, proposals 1-2 can increase the number of chips without line coding.

[0147] (Alt.2) When Manchester coding is applied to line coding, the transmitting device may insert two parity chips at the end of the OFDM symbol (Y=2). In other words, Manchester coding is not applied to the last two chips of the OFDM symbol. For example, as shown in Figure 17, when one symbol contains eight chips (M=8), Manchester coding is applied to the first six chips, and Manchester coding is not applied to the last two chips.

[0148] (A-IoT device operation) The A-IoT device assumes there is no rising / falling edge during the CP. The A-IoT device removes the identified CP portion and removes the last Y chip. The A-IoT device can identify the Y chip by counting the number of chips from the CP.

[0149] (Effects of Proposal 1) Thus, according to Proposal 1, a rising / falling edge is generated between the end of the CP and the beginning of the first symbol of the OFDM symbol, allowing A-IoT devices to identify the position of the CP. Also, when the CP length is longer than the chip length, multiple chips copied to the CP in the OFDM symbol can be set to the same state, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a transition edge during the CP.

[0150] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 addresses Study Question 2 and is a proposal regarding the behavior of transmitting devices and A-IoT devices when a transition edge exists during the CP of an OFDM symbol.

[0151] In Proposal 2, line coding is applied to all chips in an OFDM symbol, meaning that the ON / OFF state can be different between chips copied to the CP (between consecutive odd-numbered chips and even-numbered chips).

[0152] The last X chips of an OFDM symbol have a different ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage) state than adjacent chips. X is the number of chips at the end of the symbol that are copied for CP.

[0153] Note that X may vary depending on the value of M. For example, when M=16, X=2, when M=24, X=2, and when M=32, X=3.

[0154] (Sending device behavior) The transmitting device inserts X chips at the end of the OFDM symbol that are not used for decoding in the A-IoT device.

[0155] When M=16 or M=24, the transmitting device inserts two parity chips with the same codeword as the first codeword at the beginning of the OFDM symbol at the end of the OFDM symbol. This causes the state of the last chip of the OFDM symbol to differ from the state of the first symbol of the OFDM symbol. The transmitting device also copies the two parity chips to generate a CP. This ensures that there are two rising edges or two falling edges at the start and end of the CP (see Figure 18).

[0156] Furthermore, when M=32, the transmitting device inserts three parity chips with the same codeword as the first codeword at the beginning of the OFDM symbol at the end of the OFDM symbol. This causes the state of the last chip of the OFDM symbol to differ from the state of the first symbol of the OFDM symbol. The transmitting device also copies the three parity chips to generate a CP. This ensures rising and falling edges at the start and end of the CP.

[0157] The last two chips of the OFDM symbol for M=16 or M=24, or the last three chips of the OFDM symbol for M=32, are not used for decoding.

[0158] The state of the last chip of an OFDM symbol is different from the state of the first symbol of the OFDM symbol. This means that when the last X chips of the OFDM symbol are copied to generate a CP, a rising / falling edge is created between the end of the CP and the beginning of the first symbol of the OFDM symbol, allowing A-IoT devices to identify the position of the CP.

[0159] (A-IoT device operation) (Option 1) The A-IoT device assumes that there are two rising edges or two falling edges at the beginning and end of the CP. The A-IoT device removes the samples between the two identified edges and removes the last X chip (see Figure 19). The A-IoT device can identify the Y chip by counting the number of chips from the CP.

[0160] (Option 2) The A-IoT device identifies invalid short ON / OFF chips and removes the chip samples (see Figure 20). Additionally, the A-IoT device removes another OFF / ON chip sample with a valid period following the invalid short chip when M=16 or M=24, and removes two OFF / ON chip samples with valid periods following the invalid short chip when M=32.

[0161] (Note) Whether an A-IoT device operates as Option 1 or Option 2 above depends on the implementation of the A-IoT device.

[0162] The pattern of parity chips may be specified explicitly or implicitly.

[0163] As an example of implicit instruction, the pattern of parity chips and first chips in OFDM symbols other than the first OFDM symbol is determined based on the pattern of the first OFDM symbol.

[0164] The first chip of the first OFDM symbol may only be used for decoding, while the first chip of the other OFDM symbols is not used for decoding (see Figure 21).

[0165] (effect) Thus, according to Proposal 2, when the CP length is longer than the chip length, the occurrence of a transition edge during the CP is permitted and the occurrence of a transition edge at the start and end of the CP is ensured, allowing the A-IoT device to identify the position of the CP. Furthermore, according to Proposal 2, an edge is always present between consecutive odd-numbered chips and even-numbered chips, allowing the A-IoT device to correct clock errors using this edge. This improves the reception performance and clock calibration performance of the A-IoT device.

[0166] <Device configuration> Next, the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 will be described. Note that the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 described below are examples of functions related to the present embodiment. The base station 10 and the device 20 may have functions not shown. Furthermore, the functional divisions and / or names of the functional units are not limited as long as the functions perform the operations related to the present embodiment.

[0167] <Base station configuration> 22 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with a device 20 (see FIG. 23) wirelessly. The base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE communicating with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0168] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0169] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of RRC (Radio Resource Control)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0170] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0171] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include at least one of, for example, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as the DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0172] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0173] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10, including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit .

[0174] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0175] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on a signal (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0176] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0177] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the device 20.

[0178] For example, the transmitting unit 101 may transmit information regarding frequency resources used for communication involving the A-IoT device to the device 20, etc.

[0179] Also, for example, the communication unit may use the above frequency resources to perform communication involving A-IoT devices.

[0180] <Device configuration> 23 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, a base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be a terminal (for example, an intermediate UE) or a CW node.

[0181] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0182] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the controller 203.

[0183] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI (Uplink Control Information)). For example, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (e.g., A-IoT capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0184] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 transmits control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0185] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0186] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20, including the reception process in the reception unit 201 and the transmission process in the transmission unit 202.

[0187] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0188] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ ACK / NACK, may include Channel State Information (CSI), or may include a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted, for example, in PUCCH resources.

[0189] Control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern and / or DCI notified by RRC) received from base station 10. Control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to base station 10. Under the control of control unit 203, transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by control unit 203.

[0190] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit DCI including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0191] Here, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the network, such as the base station 10 and intermediate UE.

[0192] For example, the receiver 201 may receive information regarding frequency resources to be used for communication involving the A-IoT device from the base station 10 or the network of the intermediate UE, and the controller 203 may determine the frequency resources to be used for communication involving the A-IoT device based on the information received by the receiver 201. The frequency resources to be used for communication involving the A-IoT device may be a single frequency resource, multiple contiguous frequency resources, or multiple non-contiguous frequency resources, and may include a first frequency resource used in a first frequency hop and a second frequency resource used in a second frequency hop.

[0193] Also, for example, the communication unit may use frequency resources determined by the control unit 203 to perform communication involving A-IoT devices.

[0194] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0195] <Hardware configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0196] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0197] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0198] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0199] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0200] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0201] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0202] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0203] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0204] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0205] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0206] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0207] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0208] <Information notification, signaling> The notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0209] <Applicable systems> Embodiments described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6G (6th generation mobile communication system), xG (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal point)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may be applied.

[0210] <Processing procedures, etc.> The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0211] <Base station operation> In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0212] <Input / output direction> Information, etc. (see the section on information and signals) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0213] <Handling of input and output information> Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0214] <Judgment method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0215] <Variations of form, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0216] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0217] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0218] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0219] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0220] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0221] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0222] <parameter, channel name> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0223] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0224] <Base station> In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0225] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0226] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0227] <Mobile station> In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0228] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0229] <Base station / mobile station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0230] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0231] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be read as "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0232] Fig. 25 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 25, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0233] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0234] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0235] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0236] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0237] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0238] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0239] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0240] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0241] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0242] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0243] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0244] <Terminology and interpretation> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0245] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0246] <Reference signal> The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0247] <The meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0248] <"First", "Second"> As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0249] <Means> In the configuration of each of the above devices, the "means" may be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0250] <Open format> In the present disclosure, when the terms "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0251] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a sub-frame. A sub-frame may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A sub-frame may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that does not depend on numerology.

[0252] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of sub-carrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0253] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0254] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0255] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0256] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0257] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0258] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0259] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0260] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0261] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0262] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0263] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0264] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0265] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0266] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0267] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0268] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0269] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0270] <Maximum transmission power> The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0271] <Article> In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0272] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different." [Industrial Applicability]

[0273] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0274] 10 base station 20 devices 101,202 Transmitter 102,201 Receiver 103,203 Control unit

Claims

1. A wireless communication device that communicates with devices that are less complex than NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) devices, a control unit that inserts a cyclic prefix (CP) obtained by copying one or more last chips of each OFDM symbol into the beginning of the OFDM symbol; a transmitter for transmitting the OFDM symbol into which the CP has been inserted to the low complexity device; Equipped with When the CP length is longer than the chip length, the control unit controls the states of the last chips of each OFDM symbol to be the same as each other and different from the state of the first symbol. Wireless communication device.

2. the control unit inserts a plurality of parity chips at the end of each OFDM symbol, the parity chips not being used for decoding in the low complexity device. The wireless communication device of claim 1 .

3. A device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, a receiving unit that receives an OFDM symbol in which a CP is inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbol; a control unit for identifying a CP length of the received OFDM symbol; Equipped with When the CP length is longer than the chip length, the states of the last chips of each OFDM symbol are controlled to be the same as each other and different from the state of the first symbol; The CP is generated by copying the last chips, The control unit deletes the CP from the OFDM symbol based on the identified CP length. device.

4. A number of parity chips are inserted at the end of each OFDM symbol, the control unit identifies and removes the plurality of parity chips by counting the number of chips from the CP; The device of claim 3.

5. A wireless communication device that communicates with devices that are less complex than NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) devices, Inserting a CP (Cyclic Prefix) obtained by copying one or more last chips of each OFDM symbol at the beginning of the OFDM symbol; transmitting the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low complexity device; When the CP length is longer than the chip length, control is performed so that the states of the last multiple chips of each OFDM symbol are the same as each other and different from the state of the first symbol. Communication method.

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