Device and communication method

Abstract

To provide a device capable of properly obtaining a clock from a preamble.SOLUTION: A device powered by energy harvesting includes a receiving unit that receives a preamble signal having a clock acquisition portion used for synchronization with a system, and a control unit that assumes that the chip length of the clock acquisition portion is the same as that of one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, or that the state of at least one leading chip and at least one trailing chip in one OFDM symbol is the same, and that the chip state between the at least one leading chip and the at least one trailing chip transitions at least once.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to devices and communication methods. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12) [Non-patent document 2] “Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09) [Non-Patent Document 5] “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0005] In A-IoT, devices receive an R2D preamble that includes a clock acquisition section to synchronize with systems such as readers. A method is required for devices to properly acquire a clock from the clock acquisition section of the R2D preamble.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a device and a communication method that can properly acquire a clock from a preamble. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a device powered by energy harvesting, and includes: a receiving unit that receives a preamble signal having a clock acquisition portion used for synchronization with a system; and a control unit that assumes that the chip length of the clock acquisition portion is the same as that of one OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol, or that the state of at least one first chip and at least one last chip in one OFDM symbol are the same, and that the chip state between the at least one first chip and the at least one last chip transitions at least once. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. [Figure 4]FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL support. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. [Figure 8] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 2. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the CAP agreements. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a CAP. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a CAP. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the case where the chip length from the device viewpoint is M=1. [Figure 14] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=4 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 15] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 16] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 17] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=16 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 18] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=16 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 19] This figure shows the case where the chip length corresponds to M=4 from the device perspective and M=4 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 20] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=4 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 21] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=4 from the device perspective and M=16 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 22] This figure shows the case where the chip length corresponds to M=8 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 23] This figure shows the case where the chip length corresponds to M=8 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 24] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=8 from the device perspective and M=16 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 25] This diagram illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=16 from the device perspective and M=16 from the transmitter perspective. [Figure 26] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the tip length of a CAP. [Figure 27] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 28] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 29] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 30] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. The existing technologies are, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems beyond LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, device, terminal, etc. are set.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless communication system> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be considered a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0015] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RBs).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data from the device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0017] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0019] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE.

[0020] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0021] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0023] Ambient IoT may consider, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment The connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (e.g., base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters) communicate with the ambient IoT devices - Duplexing method: TDD or FDD, frequency band: licensed or unlicensed Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies - Traffic assumptions for outgoing / incoming traffic from the device

[0024] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: ·Power consumption Complexity ·coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0025] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0026] <Device type and topology> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation and amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the capability of independent signal generation, and performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, is capable of independent signal generation, and has active RF (radio frequency) components for transmission.

[0027] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0031] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Figure 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The supporting nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. Communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0037] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE of Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, an A-IoT device may be simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0039] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the device's antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> The Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description) examined solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0043] Additionally, for the DL and UL of A-IoT, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) As for traffic, there is transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but there is no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, for example, in which there is an instruction such as a command to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] ·DO-DTT(device originated - device terminated triggered) Traffic includes triggers from the network (NW) and transmissions (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Prerequisites For A-IoT UE, the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed:

[0049] ·TX TX can be unamplified backscatter UL transmission or amplified general UL transmission, or alternatively amplified backscatter UL transmission can be performed.

[0050] FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE, that is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz FR3: 7.125GHz~24.25GHz

[0052] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0053] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as intermediate UE, int.UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] <Device Type> Three device types are defined for A-IoT devices: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0057] Device 1 (may also be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z ppm (parts per million), where Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0). Device 1 does not have any amplification in either DL or UL. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0058] Device 2a (also referred to as Type 2a) The device 2a is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. The device 2a has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). The device 2a also performs DL and / or UL amplification. The UL transmission in the device 2a is performed by backscattering in a CW provided from an external device.

[0059] Device 2b (also called Type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes power with a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and has an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0)). Also, in Device 2b, DL and / or UL amplification is performed. UL transmission in Device 2b is performed inside Device 2b. That is, UL transmission in Device 2b does not have to be performed by backscattering with CW provided from the outside.

[0060] <R2D and D2R> At the RAN1#116 meeting, it was agreed to consider physical channels for R2D data transmission and D2R data transmission.

[0061] R2D means "reader to device". D2R means "device to reader". "Reader" corresponds to a base station or an intermediate node. "Device" corresponds to A-IoT.

[0062] R2D may be regarded as DL in the wireless communication system of A-IoT. R2D data transmission may be performed on a physical channel such as a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). R2D control transmission may be performed on the same physical channel as the R2D data transmission or on a physical channel different from the R2D data transmission.

[0063] D2R may be regarded as UL in the wireless communication system of A-IoT. D2R data transmission may be performed on a physical channel such as a PDRCH (physical device to reader channel). D2R control transmission may be performed on the same physical channel as the D2R data transmission or on a physical channel different from D2R.

[0064] R2D, R2D transmission, R2D signal, DL, and DL signal may be used interchangeably. D2R, D2R transmission, R2D signal, UL, and UL signal may be used interchangeably. R2D control transmission may be referred to as R2D control information or control information. D2R control transmission may be referred to as D2R control information or control information. Signal, channel, data, and information may be used interchangeably. R2D may include a message related to the random access procedure, such as Msg0 (paging), Msg2, or Msg4. D2R may include a message related to the random access procedure, such as Msg1 or Msg3.

[0065] <Candidate Topology> Next, we describe candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission.

[0066] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Fig. 8 shows Topology 1A, Topology 1B, Topology 1C, Topology 1D, and Topology 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0067] As shown in Figure 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in Figure 8 and below) / D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in Figure 8 and below) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0068] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable, where reader corresponds to BS and / or intermediate UE, and device corresponds to A-IoT device.

[0069] In Topology 1A, the node (first BS) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0070] In Topology 1B, the node (BS) that transmits the CW, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0071] In Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS, (intermediate) UE, IAB node, NCR (network-controlled repeater) node, relay node, or other type of node.

[0072] In Topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0073] In Topology 1E, the node (first BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0074] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Fig. 9 shows Topology 2A, Topology 2B, Topology 2C, Topology 2D, and Topology 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0075] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (referred to as "R2D" in Figure 9) / D2R communication signals (referred to as "D2R" in Figure 9) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0076] In Topology 2A, the node transmitting the CW (first intermediate UE) is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (second intermediate UE), and the node transmitting the CW is the same as the node transmitting the R2D communication signal. Also, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0077] In Topology 2B, the node that transmits the CW (intermediate UE), the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0078] In Topology 2C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (intermediate UE). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0079] In Topology 2D, the node (intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0080] In Topology 2E, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0081] <Terms, etc.> A-IoT device or device: a device included in an A-IoT system, having any of the multiple device types, as described above.

[0082] Reader: D2R receiver The leader can be either a BS or a UE. The leader UE can be called an intermediate UE. The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be the same node or different nodes.

[0083] ·R2D: Abbreviation for Reader-to-Device Link. PRDCH: Physical R2D channel. D2R: Abbreviation for Device-to-Reader Link. PDRCH: Physical D2R channel.

[0084] ·DT traffic: Abbreviation for Device Terminated traffic. DT traffic is, for example, a command from the reader.

[0085] DO-DTT traffic: Device Originated-Device Terminated Trigger DO-DTT traffic is, for example, inventory traffic.

[0086] The timing acquisition signal / preamble / midamble / postamble / synchronization signal may be interchangeable.

[0087] At least one of the following may be applied to each proposal in this embodiment, and to each alternative / option if each proposal includes an alternative / option. Multiple proposals may be combined. Multiple options may be combined. Multiple alternatives may be combined. Different options / alternatives may be applied on a case-by-case basis. The instruction / setting may be transmitted in the control information of the physical layer or in the payload of a higher layer. For example, the instruction / setting may be transmitted in at least one of the control information of the MAC layer, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR), Msg4, and unicast. The same applies when the instruction / setting is indicated by R2D. The instruction / setting may be transmitted by the PRDCH, by an R2D timing acquisition signal (e.g., preamble / midamble / postamble), or by a synchronization signal. A slot may be a time interval of 1 millisecond. A slot may be one slot in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). A slot may be a slotted-ALOHA slot. A slot may be any other time domain unit consisting of one or more symbols. A symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips (M is an integer greater than or equal to 1) of on-off-keying (OOK), or one modulation symbol of phase shift keying (PSK) and / or frequency shift keying (FSK). · Different alternatives / options may apply to R2D and D2R. Different alternatives / options may apply to different device types. · Different alternatives / options may be applied to different connection topologies. Different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D channels or D2R channels. The R2D channel may be, for example, either a PRDCH or a PHY channel for R2D control. The D2R channel may be either a PDRCH or a PHY channel for D2R control. Different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D information or different D2R information. Also, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D formats or different D2R formats. Also, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D commands or different D2R commands. For example, different alternatives / options may be applied to any of the following. In other words, the alternatives / options applied may differ between two of the following: -R2D Data -R2D control -R2D System Information -R2D information triggering contention based access -D2R data -D2R control -D2R ACK / NACK response -D2R response in contention-based access (Msg1 / Msg3)

[0088] <R2Dプリアンブル> The R2D preamble is used for time synchronization between the device and the reader. For example, the device synchronizes a system, such as the device's clock, with the reader's system using the R2D preamble transmitted from the reader. The R2D preamble may also be referred to as an R2D preamble signal or an R2D timing acquisition signal.

[0089] The R2D preamble has two parts: Start indicator part (strat-indicator part) Clock acquisition part Hereinafter, the start indicator part may be referred to as SIP. The clock acquisition part may be referred to as CAP. The start indicator may be referred to as SI. Clock acquisition may be referred to as CA. SIP and SI may be used interchangeably. CAP and CA may be used interchangeably.

[0090] (1) SIP The SIP is located before (precedes) the CAP. The SIP has an ON-OFF pattern (ON: high voltage (high state), OFF: low voltage (low state)). The device recognizes the SIP in the R2D preamble by its ON-OFF pattern. The following options 1 to 3 can be applied to the SIP pattern.

[0091] Option 1 Single ON-OFF. SIP has one ON->OFF pattern. In option 1, SIP ends with OFF. Option 2 Multiple ON-OFF. SIP has multiple patterns of ON->OFF->ON->OFF->... In option 2, SIP ends with OFF. Option 3 A sequence of ON and OFF. In option 3, the SIP does not have to be a repeating pattern of, for example, ON->OFF. In option 3, the SIP may end with ON or OFF, depending on further discussion.

[0092] (2) CAP The CAP contains at least two falling edges or at least two rising edges and is used by the device to derive the chip duration of the R2D control / R2D data and for timing adjustments.

[0093] <Other> The R2D signal is generated using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform with a Cyclic Prefix (CP).

[0094] The receiver, i.e., the device, detects the R2D signal using a non-OFDM receiver (non-coherent detection) (e.g., radio edge detection).

[0095] M is the number of chips in one OFDM symbol.

[0096] The following agreement was reached on the CAP (see Figure 10): CAP is based on OOK without line coding and includes rising / falling edges, and requires at least two rising edges or at least two falling edges for the device to determine the OOK chip duration. For the CAP of the R2D time acquisition signal for OOK chip period determination, the following options are considered: Option 1: The duration of the CAP is variable for different M values, i.e., the duration decreases as the M value increases. Option 2: The period of the CAP is constant based on the repetition for different values ​​of M. That is, as the value of M increases, the repetition factor increases and the period remains constant.

[0097] <Consideration 1> In the CAP used for clock calibration, it is preferable to avoid false edges due to CP. Therefore, it is preferable to apply CP handling method Type 2 to make the chip period uniform. Note that CP handling method Type 2 handles CP insertion in OFDM-based waveforms to prevent false rising / falling edges (fake edges) from occurring between the last OOK chip of an OFDM symbol and the first OOK chip of an OFDM symbol.

[0098] However, for example, when the number of chips in an OFDM symbol is even and high and low voltages (or on and off states) are alternately arranged, CP processing method type 2 does not work. For example, the waveform shown in FIG. 11 has four chips (M=4) and on and off states are alternately arranged. In this case, a false edge occurs between the last OOK chip of the OFDM symbol and the first OOK chip of the OFDM symbol, and CP processing method type 2 does not work. In this case, the device may not be able to properly acquire the clock from the R2D preamble (CAP).

[0099] On the other hand, by not alternating between on and off states within one OFDM symbol, the first chip and the last chip within the OFDM symbol can be in the same state even when M is an even number. For example, as shown in Figure 12, by having two consecutive off chips and two consecutive on chips, the first chip and the last chip within the OFDM symbol can be in the same state. In other words, by not alternating between on and off states within one OFDM symbol, CP processing method type 2 can function.

[0100] This disclosure allows devices to properly derive the clock from the R2D preamble (CAP).

[0101] Note that the number of chips from the transmitter's perspective and the number of chips from the receiver's (device's) perspective may differ because the transmitter (reader) side turns chips on and off continuously for CP processing method type 2. For example, in Figure 12, the number of chips from the transmitter's perspective is 4. On the other hand, from the receiver's perspective, the number of chips is 2, half of the number from the transmitter's perspective, because two chips from the transmitter's perspective are turned on and off consecutively.

[0102] <assumption> SIP ends in the OFF state. -CP processing is not performed on the device side, i.e., CP processing method type 2 is applied to CAP. The device detects at least two rising edges or two falling edges to determine the chip length. From the transmitter's perspective, the start / end timing of the CAP does not have to coincide with the OFDM symbol boundary. CAP may be defined to start from the ON state. The device may ignore the first x on-chips for purposes of determining CA / chip length. The CAP may be defined to start in an off state, and the device may assume that a chip in the on state is inserted between the SIP and the CAP. The length of one OOK chip at the device and the length of one OOK chip from the transmitter side may be different.

[0103] Note: SIP may be terminated in the ON state. The CAP may be defined to start in an ON state, and the device may assume that a chip in the OFF state is inserted between the SIP and the CAP. CAP may be defined to start from the off state. The device may ignore the first x off-chips for purposes of determining the CA / chip length.

[0104] <Proposal 1> A CAP is designed (set) for each M value (M=1, M=2 or an even number).

[0105] The device assumes that the chip length is the same as one OFDM symbol (for M=1).

[0106] The device assumes that at least one chip at the beginning of an OFDM symbol and at least one chip at the end of the symbol have the same state (high voltage / low voltage), and assumes that there is at least one transition in chip state between the at least one chip at the beginning and the at least one chip at the end of the symbol (when M>1 (M: even number)).The device also assumes that the chip length in a period equivalent to one OFDM symbol period is half, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, or 1 / 16 the length of one OFDM symbol.

[0107] (1) When M=1 When the chip length from the device's perspective is M=1, the chip length is the same as one OFDM symbol (see Figure 13). When M=1, the chip state is maintained throughout one OFDM symbol, and the state at the beginning and end of the OFDM symbol is the same, so CP processing method type 2 can be applied.

[0108] If SIP ends off, CAP starts from on state. The number of chips in CAP can be 2 or more.

[0109] (2) When M=2, 4, 8, 16 When the chip length from the device point of view is M=2, 4, 8, or 16, the chip length is half, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, or 1 / 16 of the length of one OFDM symbol. When the chip length from the device point of view is M=2, 4, 8, or 16, the following options 1 and 2 are provided.

[0110] Option 1: CAP starts in ON state. The device assumes a half chip, 1 / 4 chip, 1 / 8 chip, or 1 / 16 chip in ON state at the start of CAP. Option 2: CAP starts in OFF state. The device assumes a half chip, 1 / 4 chip, 1 / 8 chip, 1 / 16 chip in ON state between SIP and CAP.

[0111] The initial / final on( / off) state is ignored for chip period determination. The device may use the initial half chip, 1 / 4 chip, 1 / 8 chip, or 1 / 16 chip to derive the chip period. That is, the device may assume that subsequent R2D chip lengths are twice this period. The number of chips in a CAP may be greater than or equal to 2.

[0112] Example 1 FIG. 14 illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device point of view and M=4 from the transmitter point of view.

[0113] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A14a and A14b). If the ON half chip that starts the CAP is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, that half chip is ignored (see chip in callout A14c). If the ON half chip that starts the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, the beginning half chip is assumed to be a SIP (see chip in callout A14d).

[0114] In option 2, the CAP starts in the OFF state (see arrow A14e). For option 2, a half chip in the ON state can be considered to be inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chip in bubble A14c).

[0115] Example 2 Figure 15 shows a case where the chip length corresponds to M = 2 from the device perspective and M = 8 from the transmitter perspective. In the case of Example 2, to satisfy CP processing method type 2, 1 / 4 chip, half chip, and 3 / 4 chip from the device perspective can be positioned at the beginning of the OFDM symbol (see the top, middle, and bottom waveforms in Figure 15).

[0116] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A15a, A15b, and A15c). If the 1 / 4 chip, half chip, or 3 / 4 chip in the ON state that marks the start of the CAP is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, that chip is ignored (see the chips in bubbles A15d, A15e, and A15f).

[0117] In option 2, the CAP starts in the off state (see arrows A15g, A15h, A15i). For option 2, you can think of an on-state 1 / 4 chip, half chip, or 3 / 4 chip being inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see tips in bubbles A15d, A15e, A15f).

[0118] Example 3 16 shows a case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. Example 3 shows an example where the head of the OFDM symbol starts in the OFF state, as opposed to Example 2 where the head of the OFDM symbol starts in the ON state.

[0119] In Example 3, Option 1 is applied and the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A16a, A16b, and A16c). Because the ON chip that starts the CAP is not the beginning of an OFDM symbol, the first OFF-state 1 / 4 chip, half chip, or 3 / 4 chip is assumed to be the SIP (see the chips in bubbles A16d, A16e, and A16f).

[0120] Example 4 Figure 17 shows the case where the chip length corresponds to M = 2 from the device perspective and M = 16 from the transmitter perspective. In the case of M = 16, the CP length is longer than one chip length, so two chips are copied for the CP.

[0121] In the case of Example 4, 1 / 4 chip, 3 / 8 chip, half chip, 5 / 8 chip, 3 / 4 chip, and 7 / 8 chip from the device perspective can be positioned at the beginning of the OFDM symbol to satisfy CP processing method type 2. Examples of 3 / 8 chip and 5 / 8 chip are shown in Figure 17.

[0122] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A17a and A17b). If the 3 / 8 or 5 / 8 chip in the ON state, which is the start of the CAP, is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, that chip is ignored (see the chips in bubbles A17c and A17d).

[0123] In option 2, the CAP starts in the off state (see arrows A17e and A17f). For option 2, you can think of an on-state 3 / 8 or 5 / 8 chip as being inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see the chips in bubbles A17c and A17d).

[0124] Example 5 18 shows a case where the chip length corresponds to M=2 from the device perspective and M=16 from the transmitter perspective. Example 5 shows an example where the head of the OFDM symbol starts in the OFF state, as opposed to Example 4 where the head of the OFDM symbol starts in the ON state.

[0125] In Example 5, Option 1 is applied, and the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A18a and A18b). Because the ON chip that starts the CAP is not the beginning of an OFDM symbol, the first 3 / 8 or 5 / 8 OFF chip is assumed to be the SIP (see the chips in bubbles A18c and A18d).

[0126] Example 6 FIG. 19 illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=4 from the device point of view and M=4 from the transmitter point of view.

[0127] In Example 6, option 1 is applied and the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrow A19a). In the case of Example 6, to satisfy CP processing method type 2, the last chip is turned ON. The last chip is ignored for determining the chip period (see chip in callout A19b). In Example 6, ON and OFF chips can be inserted within the period of one OFDM symbol without spanning multiple OFDM symbols.

[0128] Similarly, in the example described below, chips in the ON and OFF states can be inserted within the period of one OFDM symbol, i.e., when the chip length corresponds to M≧4 from the device perspective, chips in the ON and OFF states can be inserted within the period of one OFDM symbol without spanning multiple OFDM symbols.

[0129] Example 7 FIG. 20 illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=4 from the device point of view and M=8 from the transmitter point of view.

[0130] In the case of Example 7, to satisfy CP processing method type 2, half chips of the device-perspective chips can be located at the beginning and end of the OFDM symbol.

[0131] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A20a and A20b). If the ON half chip that starts the CAP is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, that chip is ignored (see chip in callout A20c). If the ON half chip that starts the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, the beginning half chip is assumed to be a SIP (see chip in callout A20d).

[0132] In option 2, the CAP starts in the OFF state (see arrow A20e). For option 2, a half chip in the ON state can be thought of as being inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chip in bubble A20c).

[0133] Example 8 Figure 21 shows the case where the chip length corresponds to M = 4 from the device perspective and M = 16 from the transmitter perspective. In the case of M = 16, the CP length is longer than one chip length, so two chips are copied for the CP.

[0134] In the case of Example 8, a half chip or 3 / 4 chip of the device-perspective chip can be located at the beginning of the OFDM symbol to satisfy CP processing method type 2. An example of a half chip is shown in Figure 21.

[0135] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A21a and A21b). If the ON half chip that starts the CAP is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, that chip is ignored (see chip in callout A21c). If the ON half chip that starts the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, the beginning half chip is assumed to be a SIP (see chip in callout A21d).

[0136] In option 2, the CAP starts in the OFF state (see arrow A21e). For option 2, a half chip in the ON state can be considered to be inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chip in bubble A21c).

[0137] Example 9 FIG. 22 illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=8 from the device point of view and M=8 from the transmitter point of view.

[0138] In the case of Example 8, from the device's perspective, eight chips can be inserted into one OFDM symbol. Therefore, to satisfy CP processing method type 2, one chip can be located at the beginning of one OFDM symbol and two chips with the same state as the beginning can be located at the end (see the top two waveforms in Figure 22). Alternatively, two chips with the same state as the beginning can be located at the beginning of one OFDM symbol and one chip with the same state as the beginning can be located at the end (see the bottom two waveforms in Figure 22). When one chip is located at the beginning of one OFDM symbol and two chips with the same state as the beginning can be located at the end (see the top two waveforms in Figure 22), the last chip is ignored in determining the chip period.

[0139] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A22a, A22b, A22c, and A22d). If the ON chip that starts the CAP is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, the chip is ignored in option 1 (see chips in calls A22e and A22f). If the ON chip that starts the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, the first chip is assumed to be a SIP in option 1 (see chips in calls A22g and A22h).

[0140] In option 2, the CAP starts in the off state (see arrows A22i and A22j). For option 2, one can think of an on-state chip as being inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chips in bubbles A22e and A22f).

[0141] Example 10 FIG. 23 illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=8 from the device point of view and M=8 from the transmitter point of view.

[0142] In Example 10, the chip state is continuously turned on / off across two OFDM symbols. Therefore, to satisfy CP processing method type 2, two chips of the same state may be located at the beginning of the first OFDM symbol and one chip of the same state as the beginning may be located at the end. One chip may be located at the beginning of the second OFDM symbol and two chips of the same state as the beginning may be located at the end. The last two chips in the second OFDM symbol are ignored in determining the chip period.

[0143] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A23a and A23b). If the ON chip that starts the CAP is at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, the chip is ignored in option 1 (see chip in callout A23c). If the ON chip that starts the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, the first chip is assumed to be a SIP in option 1 (see chip in callout A23d).

[0144] In option 2, the CAP starts in the OFF state (see arrow A23e). For option 2, you can think of two ON chips inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chips in bubble A23c).

[0145] Example 11 FIG. 24 illustrates the case where the chip length corresponds to M=8 from the device point of view and M=16 from the transmitter point of view.

[0146] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A24a and A24b). If the ON chip and half chip that start the CAP are at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, the chip is ignored (see chip in callout A24c). If the ON chip that starts the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, the leading chip and half chip are assumed to be SIP (see chip in callout A24d).

[0147] In option 2, the CAP starts in the off state (see arrow A24e). For option 2, you can think of two on-state chips and two half chips inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chips in bubble A24c).

[0148] Example 12 Figure 25 shows a case where the chip length corresponds to M = 16 from the device perspective and M = 16 from the transmitter perspective. In the case of M = 16, the CP length is longer than one chip length, so 2 chips, 3 chips, or 4 chips are copied for the CP.

[0149] In option 1, the CAP starts in the ON state (see arrows A25a and A25b). If the 2, 3, or 4 chips in the ON state that are the start of the CAP are at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, those chips are ignored (see chip in callout A25c). If the chip in the ON state that is the start of the CAP is not at the beginning of an OFDM symbol, then in option 1, the first 2, 3, or 4 chips are assumed to be SIP (see chip in callout A25d).

[0150] In option 2, the CAP starts in the off state (see arrow A25e). For option 2, one can think of two, three, or four chips in the on state being inserted between the SIP and the CAP (see chips in bubble A25c).

[0151] The same design as in Example 12 can be considered with M=24 / 32, i.e., from the device's point of view, the chip length corresponds to M=24 / 32. From the transmitter's point of view, the chip length is M=24 / 32.

[0152] <Proposal 1: Summary> As described above, the device assumes that the chip length of the CAP is the same as that of one OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the device assumes that the state of at least one chip at the beginning and at least one chip at the end of one OFDM symbol is the same, and that the chip state between the at least one chip at the beginning and at least one chip at the end transitions at least once. This operation allows the device to properly acquire a clock from the CAP of the R2D preamble.

[0153] <Consideration 2> The device may determine the chip period of the subsequent R2D based on the chip length indicated by the CAP.

[0154] As explained in Consideration 1, by not alternating between on and off states within one OFDM symbol, the first chip and the last chip within the OFDM symbol can be in the same state even when M is an even number. For example, as shown in Figure 26, by having two consecutive on chips and two consecutive off chips, the first chip and the last chip within the OFDM symbol can be in the same state. In other words, by not alternating between on and off states within one OFDM symbol, CP processing method type 2 can function.

[0155] In such a case, it is necessary to clarify how to interpret the chip length of the R2D following the CAP (see the double arrows A26a and A26b in FIG. 26). If the interpretation of the chip length of the R2D following the CAP is not clear, the device may not be able to properly receive the R2D following the CAP.

[0156] This disclosure provides a technique for properly receiving subsequent R2Ds of a CAP.

[0157] <Proposal 2> M is the number of chips in one OFDM symbol from the transmitter's perspective. The following options 1 and 2 are provided for interpreting the chip length of the subsequent R2D:

[0158] <Proposal 1: Option 1> From the device's point of view, the chip length of the subsequent R2D is the same as the chip length of the CAP. Option 1 can be applied for M=1.

[0159] <Proposal 1: Option 2> From the device point of view, the chip length of the subsequent R2D is different from the chip length of the CAP.

[0160] The chip length of the subsequent R2D is half the chip length of the CAP. The chip length of the subsequent R2D is 1 / 4 of the chip length of the CAP. The chip length of the subsequent R2D is 1 / 8 of the chip length of the CAP.

[0161] Option 2 may be applied when M is greater than 1. For example, in FIG. 14, M=2 from the device perspective and M=4 from the transmitter perspective. In this case, the device interprets the chip length of the R2D following the CAP as half the chip length of the CAP. For example, in FIG. 15, M=2 from the device perspective and M=8 from the transmitter perspective. In this case, the chip length of the R2D following the CAP is 1 / 8 of the chip length of the CAP.

[0162] <Proposal 2: Summary> As described above, the device assumes that the chip length of the subsequent R2D is the same as the chip length of the CAP. Alternatively, the device assumes that the chip length of the subsequent R2D is different from the chip length of the CAP. This allows the device to properly receive the R2D following the CAP.

[0163] <Base station configuration> 27 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with a device 20 (see FIG. 28) wirelessly. The base station 10 may be an intermediate node or a CW node.

[0164] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0165] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of RRC (Radio Resource Control)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0166] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0167] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include at least one of, for example, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as the DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0168] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0169] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10, including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102. For example, the control unit 103 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the reception unit 102 and / or the transmission unit 101).

[0170] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0171] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on a signal (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0172] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0173] Here, the transmitter 101 may transmit a preamble signal having a CAP used by the device to synchronize with the base station 10. The preamble signal may be an R2D preamble.

[0174] The control unit 103 may set (determine) the chip length of the CAP to the same length as one OFDM symbol, or may set the states of at least one leading chip and at least one trailing chip in one OFDM symbol to the same state, and may set the chip state between the leading chip and the trailing chip to transition at least once.

[0175] The control unit 103 may set the chip length in a period equivalent to one OFDM symbol period to half, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, or 1 / 16 the length of one OFDM symbol.

[0176] The control unit 103 may set the CAP to start in the ON state.

[0177] The control unit 103 may set the CAP to start from the off state. The control unit 103 may set the chip in the off state before the start of the CAP to SIP of the preamble signal.

[0178] The control unit 103 may set the chip length of the signal portion following the CAP to be the same as or different from the chip length in the CAP. The signal portion following the CAP may be R2D control / R2D data.

[0179] <Device configuration> 28 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The device 20 is a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, such as an A-IoT UE. The device 20 may be considered to be a device that receives power through energy harvesting. For example, the device 20 may be considered to be a device that receives power through a CW supplied from a base station 10.

[0180] The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, the base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be, for example, an A-IoT device.

[0181] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0182] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the controller 203.

[0183] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, information related to the processing capabilities of the device 20 (e.g., UE capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0184] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel includes a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 receives control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0185] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0186] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20, including the reception process in the reception unit 201 and the transmission process in the transmission unit 202.

[0187] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0188] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, Channel State Information (CSI), or a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted in the resources of the PUCCH.

[0189] Control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern and / or DCI notified by RRC) received from base station 10. Control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to base station 10. Under the control of control unit 203, transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by control unit 203.

[0190] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0191] Here, the receiver 201 may receive a preamble signal having a CAP used for synchronization with a system such as a reader. The preamble signal may be an R2D preamble.

[0192] The control unit 203 may assume that the chip length of the CAP is the same as that of one OFDM symbol, or may assume that at least one chip at the beginning and at least one chip at the end of one OFDM symbol are in the same state, and that the chip state between the at least one chip at the beginning and at least one chip at the end transitions at least once.

[0193] The control unit 203 may assume that the chip length in a period equivalent to one OFDM symbol period is half, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, or 1 / 16 the length of one OFDM symbol.

[0194] The control unit 203 may assume that the CAP starts in an on state and ignore the first on chip in clock acquisition (or acquisition determination).

[0195] The control unit 203 may assume that the CAP starts from an off state, and may assume that the chip in the off state before the start of the CAP is the SIP of the preamble signal.

[0196] The control unit 203 may assume that the chip length of the signal portion following the CAP is the same as or different from the chip length in the CAP. The signal portion following the CAP may be R2D control / R2D data.

[0197] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0198] <Hardware configuration> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or multiple devices with software.

[0199] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0200] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0201] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0202] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0203] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0204] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0205] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0206] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0207] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0208] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0209] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0210] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0211] <Information notification, signaling> The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, and broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0212] <Applicable systems> Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be any of the following: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0213] <Processing procedures, etc.> The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0214] <Base station operation> In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0215] <Input / output direction> Information, etc. (see the section on information and signals) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0216] <Handling of input and output information> Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0217] <Judgment method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0218] <Variations of form, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0219] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0220] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0221] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0222] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0223] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0224] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0225] <Parameter, channel name> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0226] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0227] <Base station> In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0228] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0229] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0230] <Mobile station> In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0231] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0232] <Base station / mobile station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0233] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0234] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0235] Fig. 30 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 30, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0236] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0237] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0238] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0239] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0240] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0241] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0242] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0243] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0244] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0245] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0246] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0247] <Terminology and interpretation> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0248] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0249] <Reference signal> The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may also be called a pilot or pilot signal depending on the applicable standard.

[0250] <The meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0251] <"First", "Second"> As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0252] <Means> In the configuration of each of the above devices, the "means" may be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0253] <Open format> In the present disclosure, when the terms "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0254] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of numerology.

[0255] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0256] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0257] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0258] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0259] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0260] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0261] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0262] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0263] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0264] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0265] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0266] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0267] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0268] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0269] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0270] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0271] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0272] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0273] <Maximum transmission power> The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0274] <Article> In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0275] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different." [Industrial Applicability]

[0276] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0277] 10 base station 20 devices 101,202 Transmitter 102,201 Receiver 103,203 Control unit< / assumption>

Claims

1. 1. A device powered by energy harvesting, comprising: a receiver for receiving a preamble signal having a clock acquisition portion used for synchronization with the system; The chip length of the clock acquisition portion is assumed to be the same as one OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol, or a control unit that assumes that at least one chip at the beginning of one OFDM symbol and at least one chip at the end of one OFDM symbol are in the same state, and that the chip state between the at least one chip at the beginning of one OFDM symbol and the at least one chip at the end of one OFDM symbol transitions at least once; A device having

2. the control unit assumes that the chip length in a period equivalent to one OFDM symbol period is half, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, or 1 / 16 the length of one OFDM symbol; The device of claim 1 .

3. The control unit assumes that the clock acquisition unit starts in an on state and ignores the first on-state chip in acquiring the clock. The device of claim 1 .

4. the control unit assumes that the clock acquisition portion starts in an off state, and assumes that a chip in an off state before the start of the clock acquisition portion is a start indicator portion of the preamble signal; The device of claim 1 .

5. The control unit assumes that the chip length of the signal portion following the clock acquisition portion is the same as or different from the chip length of the clock acquisition portion. The device of claim 1 .

6. 1. A method for communication in a device powered by energy harvesting, comprising: receiving a preamble signal having a clock acquisition portion used for synchronization with the system; The chip length of the clock acquisition portion is assumed to be the same as one OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol, or Assume that at least one chip at the beginning of one OFDM symbol and at least one chip at the end of one OFDM symbol are in the same state, and assume that the chip state between the at least one chip at the beginning and the at least one chip at the end of one OFDM symbol transitions at least once. Communication method.

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