Pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse with pesticide-free cultivation function

Abstract

To provide a pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method and a greenhouse suitable for pesticide-free cultivation that enable practical and comprehensive pesticide-free operation in greenhouse cultivation utilizing sunlight.SOLUTION: In strawberry cultivation using a greenhouse 1, a windbreak / insect removal chamber 21 is provided at an air inlet / outlet 23, and is covered with fine-mesh insect-proof nets 26A, 26B. Forced ventilation using ceiling exhaust fans 31L, 31R introduces outside air through the insect-proof nets. Under the control of an environmental control device 20, periodic cleaning cultivation method is performed using hypochlorous acid water and hot water, and vapor pressure deficit control is performed using mist of hypochlorous acid water. When necessary, cleaning by spraying mist of hypochlorous acid water using a gate-type sprayer 80 is carried out. Through synergistic effects of these, practical greenhouse cultivation without the use of chemical pesticides can be achieved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to greenhouse cultivation of plants such as strawberries using sunlight, and more particularly to a method for cultivating plants in a greenhouse without pesticides and a greenhouse with a function for cultivating plants without pesticides. [Background technology]

[0002] In line with the global trend toward SDGs, Japanese agriculture has set numerical targets for 2050 under the Green Food System Strategy Act, including reducing CO2 emissions (fossil fuels = 0), reducing chemical pesticide use by 50%, and reducing chemical fertilizer use by 30%. From this perspective, pesticide-free cultivation is attracting attention in the field of greenhouse plant cultivation.

[0003] The present inventors have proposed a greenhouse with a tensile structure suitable for greenhouse cultivation of plants using sunlight, for example, for greenhouse cultivation of plants such as strawberries (Patent Document 1). In addition, as a cultivation method in such a greenhouse, they have proposed a cleaning farming method that does not use pesticides, etc. (Patent Document 2), and a two-liquid mixed hypochlorous acid water generator suitable for use as a cleaning liquid in the cleaning farming method (Patent Document 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6865467 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 5866147 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 6667845 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the current situation is that it is difficult to cultivate plants without using pesticides in greenhouses, even in plant factory-like facilities (closed facilities) with artificial light. A major obstacle to pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation is the intrusion of pests through the greenhouse's entrances and exits. (1) Air inlets and outlets (windows, corridors, etc.) (2) Entrance and exit for materials (including seedlings) (3) Entrance and exit for people Measures to prevent pests from entering through these entrances and exits are necessary.

[0006] However, in greenhouse cultivation using sunlight, unlike closed (sealed) greenhouse cultivation such as plant factories that use artificial light, it is difficult to keep the entrances and exits of the cultivation greenhouse sealed. Furthermore, no comprehensive pesticide-free measures have been proposed in greenhouse cultivation to date, including measures to prevent the entry of pests through the entrances and exits.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of these points, and aims to provide a pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method that realizes realistic and comprehensive pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation using sunlight, and a greenhouse with pesticide-free cultivation functions that is suitable for pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The method for cultivating plants in a greenhouse using sunlight without using pesticides of the present invention comprises the steps of: The air inlets and vents formed on the outer wall of the pesticide-free cultivation greenhouse are covered with an insect-proof net of a predetermined mesh size, and a windbreak and insect-proof room is provided on the outer wall of the greenhouse including the air inlets and vents to prevent or suppress the invasion of pathogens and pests into the greenhouse through the air inlets and vents, In order to ensure ventilation inside the greenhouse through the air inlets and vents covered with insect netting, which have high ventilation resistance, forced ventilation is carried out using ceiling ventilation fans attached to the roof of the greenhouse. It is now possible to prevent the intrusion of small pests and dust, which was previously impossible. The method is characterized in that, inside the greenhouse, plants to be cultivated and production equipment for the plants are washed with a cleaning solution at a frequency according to the growth stage of the plants, thereby eliminating pests that have invaded the greenhouse, and pests that have invaded the greenhouse are eliminated using an insecticide lamp installed inside the greenhouse.

[0009] The cleaning liquid used for periodic cleaning can be warm water or hypochlorous acid water, which is produced by stirring and mixing a diluted aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite diluted with raw water and diluted chlorine diluted with the same raw water.

[0010] Here, commonly used pesticides and disinfectants have a residual effect that lasts for a specified period when sprayed on agricultural crops, and the amount sprayed, spray interval, etc. are managed based on the residual effect. In the present invention, instead of using "pesticides" which are assumed to have residual effects, crops are cultivated using "washing liquid" which has no residual effects and does not have any adverse effects on the soil even after it has run off the crops. In other words, in this specification, "pesticide-free" or "pesticide-free cultivation" means the use of a "cleaning solution" that has no residual effect and does not adversely affect the soil, etc., even after it has run off the crops, and cultivation using such a "cleaning solution."

[0011] Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, the vapor pressure deficit is controlled by spraying a mist of hypochlorous acid water. In saturation deficit management, when it is detected that a low-temperature induction is necessary to bring the internal environment of a pesticide-free greenhouse within the target saturation deficit range, a mist cooling process is carried out in which a mist of hypochlorous acid water is sprayed inside the greenhouse. In the mist cooling process, as an alternative to using air conditioners such as heat pumps and coolers, or as a way to supplement the functions of dehumidifiers, a mist of hypochlorous acid water is sprayed inside the facility, and the heat of vaporization (heat of transpiration) of the mist that adheres to the floor, walls, cultivated plants, blackout curtains, etc. inside the facility is used to efficiently lower the temperature inside the facility. In addition to saturation deficit management, the spraying of hypochlorous acid water mist also eliminates pathogens that have entered the greenhouse and adhered to plants, etc.

[0012] Furthermore, in the present invention, if necessary, the plants planted in rows inside the greenhouse are washed using a portal-type sprayer. The gate-type sprayer comprises a free-standing gate-type frame body that is open in the front-rear and downward directions, a left spray nozzle attached to the left wall of the gate-type frame body, a right spray nozzle attached to the right wall, and a base spray nozzle attached to the gate-type frame body. The gate-type sprayer is placed across the row of plants to be washed, the nozzle position or direction of the base spray nozzle is set so that the spray of cleaning solution hits directly the base of the plants located inside the frame of the gate-type frame, and the gate-type sprayer is moved along the row of plants, spraying the cleaning solution from the left spray nozzle, right spray nozzle and base spray nozzle to wash the plants located in the internal space of the frame.

[0013] In the pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method of the present invention, windbreaks and insect-proof chambers are installed at the air intakes on the sides of the greenhouse, and fine-mesh insect netting is hung to prevent the entry of pests. Conventional greenhouses generally use natural ventilation with a natural convection skylight system, and covering the air inlets and vents with fine-mesh insect netting increases ventilation resistance and inhibits air convection (natural ventilation). For this reason, it has been practically difficult to cover the air inlets and vents with fine-mesh netting. In the present invention, this is made possible by providing forced ventilation using a ceiling fan.

[0014] Furthermore, by regular cleaning using a cleaning solution such as hypochlorous acid water or warm water (washing farming), misting hypochlorous acid water for saturation deficit control, and cleaning with a cleaning solution such as hypochlorous acid water using a portal sprayer as needed, pathogenic bacteria that have invaded the cultivation greenhouse can be eliminated without affecting the cultivated plants or using chemical pesticides. Pests that invade by adhering to seedlings brought into the cultivation greenhouse can also be eliminated by, for example, incorporating a hot water cleaning process into the regular cleaning, and nematodes can also be eliminated.

[0015] In terms of the extent of the damage, mites and thrips are the main pests. Technology to cultivate natural enemies of mites has already been perfected, and even if mites invade, they can be eradicated without the need for chemical pesticides. Thrips can be controlled by installing thrips-specific insecticide lights (LED) inside the cultivation greenhouse.

[0016] Next, as a pesticide-free cultivation house for realizing the above-mentioned pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method, it is desirable to use a plant cultivation house with a tensile structure proposed by the present inventor (Patent Document 1). [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] In greenhouse cultivation of the present invention, windbreaks and insect-proof chambers are installed at the air inlets and outlets, covered with fine-mesh insect netting, and forced ventilation using ceiling fans is used to draw in air from outside through the insect netting. In addition, regular cleaning with hypochlorous acid water and warm water (washing farming) is performed, mist cooling using a mist of hypochlorous acid water is performed to control saturation deficit, and cleaning is performed as needed by spraying a mist of hypochlorous acid water using a gate-type sprayer. The synergistic effects of these methods make it possible to realize practical greenhouse cultivation without the use of chemical pesticides. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1A is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a strawberry cultivation greenhouse according to an embodiment, and FIG. 1B is an explanatory diagram showing the main parts of the environmental control mechanism. [Figure 2] (A) is an explanatory diagram showing a gate-type sprayer, (B) is an explanatory diagram showing a cross section when cut along line BB, and (C) is an explanatory diagram showing a cross section when cut along line CC. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic flow chart showing a periodic cleaning process in cleaning farming. [Figure 4] (A) is an explanatory diagram showing a sheet fixing bracket attached to a wire rope intersection, (B) is an explanatory diagram showing the sheet fixing bracket unfolded in a flat plane, and (C) is an explanatory diagram showing the sheet fixing bracket attached to a wire rope intersection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiment shows an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to the embodiment.

[0020] FIG. 1(A) is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a strawberry cultivation greenhouse according to an embodiment, and FIG. 1(B) is an explanatory diagram showing the main parts of the environmental control mechanism.

[0021] (Overall structure of strawberry cultivation greenhouse) The strawberry cultivation house 1 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "house 1") is, for example, a cultivation house with a tensile structure (see Patent Document 1). Referring to FIG. 1(A), house 1 has four outer walls 2 and a central partition wall 3 each equipped with a framework consisting of vertical pipe struts 4 spaced at regular intervals and horizontally extending pipe beams 5 connecting the upper ends of the pipe struts 4. A translucent wall sheet 6 is attached to the outside of exterior wall 2. Short-side wire ropes 7 are stretched under tension at regular intervals between pipe beams 5a at the top of the exterior walls and between ridge beams 5b at the top of the partition walls. Anchor wire ropes 8 extend downward at a specified angle from the pipe beams 5a at the top of the exterior walls and are fixed to anchor blocks 9 embedded in the installation surface G. Long-side wire ropes 10 are stretched under tension at regular intervals perpendicular to the short-side wire ropes 7, and a translucent roof sheet 11 is attached to cover these. The roof surface sheet 11 is fixed to each of the intersections of the short-side direction wire ropes 7 and the long-side direction wire ropes 10 by sheet fixing brackets 200 attached to the intersections of the wire ropes 7, 10. The house 1 is a tensile structure building in which substantially no bending force acts on the pipe supports 4, and only compressive force acts on them. Inside the greenhouse, elevated benches 13 for hydroponic strawberry cultivation are arranged in parallel, with gaps between each row of elevated benches 13 to allow passage for workers, work carts, etc. The elevated benches 13 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the greenhouse.

[0022] (heat-retaining curtains, blackout curtains) Inside the greenhouse, short-side wire ropes 14 are stretched horizontally and in tension between the pipe beams 5a at the top ends of the left and right exterior walls 2 at regular intervals. Long-side wire ropes 15 are also stretched horizontally and perpendicularly to these at regular intervals. These short-side wire ropes 14 and long-side wire ropes 15 define a horizontal ceiling surface. A translucent thermal curtain 16 is stretched along the ceiling surface, with a blackout curtain 17 stretched underneath. Closing the thermal curtain 16 to cover the ceiling maintains the cultivation space below at a predetermined temperature. Closing the blackout curtain 17 to cover the ceiling blocks sunlight from reaching the cultivated plants. Under the control of an environmental control device 20 (see FIG. 1(B)) comprised primarily of a computer installed inside or outside the greenhouse, a curtain opening / closing mechanism (not shown) opens and closes the thermal curtain 16 and the blackout curtain 17, maintaining or controlling the greenhouse environment at a temperature suitable for plant cultivation.

[0023] (Windshield / insect removal room) A windbreak / insect-repellent chamber 21 is formed on the outside of the exterior walls 2 of the greenhouse 1, for example, the left and right exterior walls 2L, 2R extending in the long side direction. The windbreak / insect-repellent chamber 21 is the space between the vertical left and right exterior walls 2L, 2R and anchor wire ropes 8 that extend diagonally downward from the pipe beams 5a at the upper ends of the exterior walls 2L, 2R and are attached to anchor blocks 9 underground. A light-transmitting sheet 22 is stretched over the anchor wire ropes 8. An air inlet / outlet 23 is formed in the exterior wall, for example, the exterior wall 2L, and the lower half of the light-transmitting sheet 22 stretched over the anchor wire rope 8 facing it is made of an insect net 24 with a mesh size of, for example, 3 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, inside the windshield / insect-repellent chamber 21, the air inlet / outlet port 23 is covered with a light-transmitting sheet 25A, and a sheet winding mechanism 25B is attached to wind up this light-transmitting sheet 25A in order to open and close the air inlet / outlet port 23. Furthermore, inside windshield / insect-repellent chamber 21, the outside of air inlet / outlet port 23 is covered with double-layered insect nets 26A and 26B. Insect nets 26A and 26B have a mesh size of 1 mm, for example. In addition, an insect-repellent negative electrode net 27A with a mesh size of 2 to 3 mm is attached to one of double-layered insect nets 26A and 26B in a portion facing air inlet / outlet port 23, and an insect-repellent positive electrode net 27B with a mesh size of 1 mm is attached to the portion of the other insect net 26B facing this.

[0025] In this way, air inlet / outlet ports 23 formed in the outer wall of house 1 are covered with insect nets 26A, 26B, insect-repellent negative electrode net 27A, and insect-repellent positive electrode net 27B, and a windshield / insect-repellent chamber 21 covered with a light-transmitting sheet 22 and insect net 24 is provided in the outer wall portion including air inlet / outlet ports 23. This prevents or suppresses the invasion of pathogens and pests into the house through air inlet / outlet ports 23.

[0026] (Forced ventilation by ceiling fan) In house 1, forced ventilation is performed using ceiling ventilation fans 31L and 31R attached to the ridge of the roof of house 1. This ensures ventilation inside the house through air inlets 23 that are covered with fine-mesh insect netting 26A and 26B, which increases the airflow resistance. The operation of ceiling ventilation fans 31L and 31R is controlled by environmental control device 20. When forced ventilation becomes necessary according to a preset environmental control program, environmental control device 20 controls the operation of ceiling ventilation fans 31L and 31R to perform forced ventilation.

[0027] (Pest repellent light) Inside the greenhouse, hanging LED pest repellent lights 32 are installed at regular intervals above the ceiling. For example, LED lights for repellent of thrips that emit red light with a wavelength of 630 nm, which is effective against thrips, lights for repellent of spider mites, whiteflies, and aphids that emit blue light with a wavelength of 479 nm, and lights for repellent of night moths and cutworms that emit green light with a wavelength of 520 nm are installed. This eliminates the need for spraying insecticides.

[0028] (Saturation Deficit Management Mist Spray Nozzle) Meanwhile, a mist generator for saturation deficit control is installed in the house 1. Referring to FIG. 1(B), the mist generator 40 sprays (atoms) water supplied from a water supply tank 41 or hypochlorous acid water supplied from a hypochlorous acid water generator 50 as mist from a mist spray nozzle 42. The vaporization heat of the hypochlorous acid water mist sprayed from the mist spray nozzle 42 can induce a low temperature in the environment within the house, and it is also possible to perform cleaning farming using hypochlorous acid water. The functions of inducing a low temperature in the environment within the house, cleaning farming, etc. are controlled based on commands from the environmental control device 20. For example, mist is sprayed in accordance with the mist generation conditions defined by the spray time, spray stop time, etc. set in the mist generator 40, and by repeating commands from the environmental control device 20, mist cooling is performed on the floor, walls, elevated benches, strawberries, etc. inside the greenhouse, and the environment inside the greenhouse can be brought closer to the target environmental numerical value (a value within the saturation deficit range).

[0029] The mist spray nozzles 42 (sprinklers) of the mist generator 40 are placed in the greenhouse 1 at a height higher than the light-shielding curtain 17 and the heat-retaining curtain 16. The mist spray nozzles 42 are placed, for example, facing downward at regular intervals along the length of the elevated bench 13. The number, installation height, and lateral installation position of the mist spray nozzles 42 are set to satisfy the following conditions. (1) The number, installation height, and installation position of the light blocking curtain 17 are set so that mist is uniformly dispersed on the upper surface of the closed light blocking curtain 17 when the curtain is closed. (2) The number, installation height, and installation position of the light-shielding curtains 17 are set so that mist is uniformly dispersed in the interior space of the house when the light-shielding curtains 17 are open. (3) When cleaning and disinfecting (using the cleaning farming method), the number, installation height, and installation position are set so that the mist is applied efficiently to the strawberries. In addition, mist spray nozzles 43 are also provided in the windshield and insect-repellent chamber 21. By humidifying the dry air introduced into the greenhouse, the saturation deficit inside the greenhouse can be more appropriately controlled, and the windshield and insect-repellent chamber can be cleaned and disinfected.

[0030] (Hypochlorous acid water generator) The hypochlorous acid water generator 50 mixes raw water, such as tap water, with a sodium hypochlorite solution and hydrochloric acid to produce hypochlorous acid water with a predetermined chlorine concentration and pH. For example, the two-liquid mixing type hypochlorous acid water generator proposed in the aforementioned Patent Document 3 (Patent Publication No. 6667845) is used. The hypochlorous acid water generator 50 mixes hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid with raw water under hydraulic pressure to produce hypochlorous acid under hydraulic pressure, enabling mist spraying. By eliminating the need for a hypochlorous acid pump, the generator is also characterized by its ease of use and reduced equipment deterioration due to hypochlorous acid.

[0031] (gate type sprayer) A portal-type sprayer is used as needed to wash strawberries grown on elevated cultivation shelves in greenhouses. As shown in Figure 2, the gate-type sprayer 80 has a freestanding gate-type frame 81 that is open in the front-rear and downward directions. The gate-type frame 81 is equipped with a plant base spray nozzle 82, a downward injection nozzle 83, a left spray nozzle 84L, and a right spray nozzle 84R. The nozzle positions and orientations of the nozzles of the left spray nozzle 84L and the right spray nozzle 84R are set so that the spray of cleaning solution from each nozzle forms a vortex flow inside the gate-type frame 81, which is surrounded on three sides.

[0032] In cleaning work using the gate-type sprayer 80, as shown in Figures 2(B) and (C), the gate-type sprayer 80 is positioned so as to straddle the row 85 of strawberries to be cleaned. In addition, the position or direction of the nozzle of the base spray nozzle 82 is set so that the spray of cleaning solution hits directly the base of the strawberry plants located inside the frame of the gate-type frame 81. As an operator moves the gate-type sprayer 80 along the row of strawberry seedlings, cleaning solution is sprayed from the downward spray nozzle 83, left spray nozzle 84L, right spray nozzle 84R, and base spray nozzle 82 to clean the strawberry seedlings located in the interior space of the frame.

[0033] The cleaning solution used is either warm water or hypochlorous acid water. Even when the leaves are lush, a sufficient amount of cleaning solution can be reliably applied to the base of the strawberry plant, the tops and bottoms of the leaves hidden by the foliage, the stems, etc., allowing for efficient cleaning and disinfection of each part of the strawberry.

[0034] (Environmental Control Mechanism) Explaining with reference to Figure 1(B), the environmental control device 20 that controls the environment of the strawberry cultivation greenhouse 1 is made up of a microcomputer, and includes a control unit 91, a memory unit 92, and a clock unit 93. It also includes a time setting update unit 94 that can set the sunrise and sunset times for each day in the memory unit 92, or update the set times based on input information.

[0035] A manual operation panel 100 is connected to the environmental control device 20 for inputting and setting operating conditions for managing various control parameters such as carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, humidity, liquid supply time and frequency, and light intensity. Setting and updating of times such as sunrise and sunset for each day can be input via the manual operation panel 100. The manual operation panel 100 also has a manual start switch 101 for manual operation to perform the liquid supply operation, a setting switch 102 for setting the mist spray operation by the mist generation mechanism (spray time, spray stop time, spray start time, spray end time, spray order, etc.), and other operation switches.

[0036] The input side of the environmental control device 20 is connected to an environmental sensor group 110 that detects the carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, solar radiation, and humidity inside the strawberry cultivation house 1, and an environmental sensor group 120 that detects the outside air temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, wind direction, and wind speed of the strawberry cultivation house 1. The output side of the environmental control device 20 is connected to the controlled objects, such as the ceiling ventilation fan, the opening and closing mechanism for the blackout curtains, the opening and closing mechanism for the heat-retaining curtains, a water supply pump for supplying liquid to the mist spray nozzles 42 and 43 of the mist generation mechanism, and a mist generation mechanism for saturation deficit control.

[0037] (Example of saturation deficit control) A control program for temperature and humidity control is installed in the environmental control device 20, and in accordance with the set state, it drives and controls each controlled part based on detection signals from each sensor of the environmental sensor groups 110 and 120, thereby controlling the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse 1. During the time period when the cultivated plants (strawberries) are photosynthesizing, it controls the temperature and humidity based on a control program for vapor pressure deficit control so that the internal environment is within a target vapor pressure deficit range.

[0038] For example, when heating the elevated benches 13, a heater (not shown) is driven to supply warm air, which is then blown onto each elevated bench 13. When the outside temperature is low, such as at night, an electric heating tape (not shown) attached to the elevated benches 13 is heated to warm the elevated benches 13. Furthermore, the elevated benches 13 are maintained at a predetermined temperature by controlling the opening and closing of thermal curtains. On the other hand, when the sunlight is strong during the day, the light-shielding curtains 17 are closed to prevent the elevated benches 13 from overheating due to direct sunlight. In addition, hypochlorous acid water is sprayed from spray nozzles 42 and 43 to mist-cool the interior of the greenhouse 1 and the windshield / insect control chamber 21.

[0039] The environmental control device 20 mainly has the following functions. <Humidity adjustment for saturation deficit management> A mist of hypochlorous acid water is sprayed (sprayed) onto the blackout curtains 17, the inside of the house 1, and the windshield / insect-proof chamber 21 to prevent the spread of disease, while lowering the temperatures of the plant body, the inside of the house, and the windshield / insect-proof chamber by the heat of vaporization of the water. <Temperature adjustment for saturation deficit control> The heat of vaporization of the sprayed mist is used to prevent sunburn of the plants. Also, when the shading curtains 17 are closed, such as when there is a lot of sunlight, the heat of vaporization of the mist sprayed from above induces a low temperature. When the shading curtains 17 are open, the mist sprayed inside the greenhouse not only prevents sunburn but also induces a low temperature using the heat of vaporization of the mist while maintaining the amount of sunlight.

[0040] (Regular cleaning using cleaning farming method) The environmental control device 20 also has a function for cleaning and sterilizing the inside of the greenhouse using a cleaning farming method (Patent Document 2) that uses warm water or hypochlorous acid water. By adopting the cleaning farming method, the bacterial density inside the greenhouse can be reduced and the occurrence of diseases can be suppressed. This allows for the elimination of processes such as disinfection.

[0041] More specifically, strawberries are grown in greenhouse 1 by the cleansing method under the control of environmental control device 20. Cleansing method involves regularly cleaning cultivated plants, their culture media, and growing equipment with warm water or hypochlorous acid water at a frequency according to the growth stage of cultivated plants such as strawberries, without using pesticides, to prevent the cultivated plants from being contaminated or infected by germs and pathogens. That is, in the plant washing farming method, the plant growth stage is divided into at least three stages: the early growth stage, the middle growth stage, and the late growth stage, and in the early growth stage, regular washing with hypochlorous acid water is carried out hourly, in the middle growth stage, regular washing with hypochlorous acid water is carried out weekly, and in the late growth stage, regular washing with hypochlorous acid water is carried out weekly to monthly. Also, warm water may be used as the washing liquid used for regular washing in each stage.

[0042] The environmental control device 20 of this example performs periodic cleaning in accordance with a pre-installed periodic cleaning process management program. For example, as shown in Figure 3, during the parent plant growth period in which runners are grown and removed from the parent plant, periodic cleaning is performed at least once within six hours using hypochlorous acid water as a cleaning solution (ST1). During the seedling raising period after runner removal, regular cleaning is performed using hypochlorous acid water as a cleaning solution at least once every 4 to 24 hours (ST2). Furthermore, when strawberry seedlings obtained after the seedling raising period are transplanted into a medium for planting to cultivate strawberries, during the initial planting and raising period after transplanting, regular cleaning is performed using hypochlorous acid water as a cleaning solution once every 1 to 7 days (ST3), and during the subsequent stable planting and raising period, regular cleaning is performed using hypochlorous acid water as a cleaning solution once every 7 to 14 days (ST4). Furthermore, during the growing period of the offspring after the runners are removed, the offspring obtained by runner multiplication are transplanted to another cultivation bed for growth, and when transplanting to the other cultivation bed, the offspring are immersed and washed in warm water to eliminate germs, pathogens, and pests.

[0043] (Action and effect of greenhouse cultivation according to the embodiment) As explained above, in strawberry cultivation using the greenhouse 1 of this example, a windbreak / insect-proof chamber 21 is provided at an entrance 23 provided on the outer wall 2 of the greenhouse 1, and is covered with insect netting 26A, 26B with a mesh size of approximately 1 mm. This prevents pests from entering the greenhouse. Ventilation inside the greenhouse, where the air entrance 23 is covered with fine-mesh insect netting 26A, 26B, is performed by forced ventilation using ceiling ventilation fans 31L, 31R provided in the greenhouse 1, so that the cultivation environment inside the greenhouse can be controlled to an appropriate state and pests can be prevented from entering from outside. In terms of the extent of the damage, mites and thrips are the main pests, but technology to cultivate natural enemies of mites has already been perfected, and even if they invade, they can be eradicated without the need for chemical pesticides. Thrips can be eliminated by installing insecticide lights (LED32) specifically for thrips inside the cultivation greenhouse. Furthermore, regular cleaning (washing farming) using hypochlorous acid water or warm water as a cleaning solution, saturation deficit management by spraying mist of hypochlorous acid water, and cleaning by spraying mist of hypochlorous acid water using a portal sprayer 80 as needed are performed. Pathogens that have invaded the greenhouse can be eliminated without affecting the cultivated plants (strawberries) and without using chemical pesticides.

[0044] Thus, in strawberry cultivation in greenhouse 1, windshield / insect-proof chamber 21 is installed at air inlet / outlet 23, which is covered with fine-mesh insect netting 26A, 26B, and forced ventilation using ceiling ventilation fans 31L, 31R takes in air from outside through insect netting 26A, 26B. Furthermore, environmental control device 20 performs periodic cleaning using hypochlorous acid water and hot water (washing farming method) and saturation deficit control using a mist of hypochlorous acid water, and cleaning is also performed by spraying a mist of hypochlorous acid water using gate-type sprayer 80. The synergistic effect of these features makes it possible to realize practical greenhouse cultivation without the use of chemical pesticides.

[0045] (Example of seat fixing bracket) 4(A), (B), and (C) show an example of an inexpensive and easy-to-use sheet fixing bracket 200 for realizing a vertically laid structure for the roof surface sheet 11 in a tensile structure greenhouse 1. By using the sheet fixing bracket 200, the assembly of the tensile structure greenhouse 1 becomes even easier, and even greenhouse users (farmers) can carry out the construction and assembly work.

[0046] Figure 4(A) shows the wire rope intersection with the seat fixing bracket 200 attached, Figure 4(B) shows the seat fixing bracket 200 unfolded in a plane, and Figure 4(C) shows the installed state of the seat fixing bracket. As shown in Figure 4(B), the sheet fastening bracket 200 is formed from a rectangular metal plate 201 that is bent symmetrically into a U-shape. Circular wire-through holes 202L, 202R are cut out in the metal plate 201 at symmetrical positions. Furthermore, L-shaped cutouts 204L, 204R are cut symmetrically from the left and right sides 203L, 203R of the metal plate 201, straddling the wire-through holes 202L, 202R. Trapezoidal cut-and-raised pieces 206L, 206R are cut and raised at a predetermined angle on the back side of the metal plate 201 along bending lines 205L, 205R that connect the tips of the cutouts 204L, 204R to the left and right sides 203L, 203R. The majority of the wire-through holes 202L, 202R remain on the main body side of the metal plate 201, with the notches 204L, 204R as the boundaries, and the remaining wire-through holes 202L, 202R are formed on the cut-and-raised pieces 206L, 206R sides. Gaps into which the short-side direction wire rope 7 can be inserted are formed between the cut-and-raised pieces 206L, 206R and the edges of the notches 204L, 204R on the main body side of the metal plate.

[0047] As shown in Figure 4(C), the sheet fixing bracket 200 is bent symmetrically into a U-shape, with the left and right cut-and-raised pieces 206L, 206R cut and raised at a predetermined angle as shown by the imaginary lines. After placing the roof surface sheet 11 over the wire ropes 7, 10 stretched in perpendicular directions on the roof surface, the sheet fixing bracket 200 is dropped onto the intersection of these wire ropes from above the roof surface sheet 11. After that, a tool is used to push the left and right cut-and-raised pieces 206L, 206R of the sheet fixing bracket 200 inward along the bending lines 205L, 205R. The upper short-side direction wire rope 7 is passed through the bent portion of the sheet fixing bracket 200 bent into a U-shape, and the roof surface sheet 11 is sandwiched between them. Additionally, the long side direction wire ropes 10 extending in a direction perpendicular to the lower side are formed to extend through the left and right wire-through holes 202L, 202R. As a result, the roof surface sheet 11 is fixed to the intersection of the perpendicular wire ropes by the sheet fixing brackets 200. With a simple operation, the roof surface sheet 11 stretched over the roof surface can be fixed to the wire rope intersection.

[0048] (Other embodiments) In the above example, a tensile structure greenhouse is used as greenhouse 1. Compared to typical cultivation greenhouses, tensile structure greenhouses have advantages such as a higher sunlight capture rate, weather resistance against wind and snow, and fewer structural components. Of course, it is also possible to perform the pesticide-free cultivation of the present invention by improving an existing cultivation greenhouse. Furthermore, the cultivated crops are not limited to strawberries, and can of course be used in greenhouse horticulture in general. [Explanation of symbols]

[0049] 1 greenhouse (strawberry cultivation greenhouse) 2. Exterior walls 2L, 2R outer wall 3 Partition wall 4 Pipe Supports 5, 5a Pipe beam 5b Pipe Master Carpenter 6 Wall Sheet 7. Short side direction wire rope 8 Anchor wire rope 9 Anchor Block 10 Longitudinal wire rope 11 Roof sheet 13 Elevated bench 14 Short side direction wire rope 15 Longitudinal wire rope 16 Thermal Curtains 17 Blackout curtains 20 Environmental control device 21 Windshield / insect removal room 22 Translucent sheet 23 Air inlet / outlet 24 Insect Net 25A Translucent sheet 25B Sheet winding mechanism 26A, 26B Insect net 27A Insect-proof negative electrode net 27B Insect-proof positive electrode net 31L, 31R ceiling ventilation fan 32 Pest Repellent LED Light 40 Mist Generator 41 Water tank 42, 43 Mist spray nozzle 50 Hypochlorous Acid Water Generator 80 Portal spray machine 81 Gate frame 82 Base spray nozzle 83 Downward injection nozzle 84L left spray nozzle 84R Right spray nozzle 85 Strawberry Rows 91 Control Unit 92 Memory section 93 Clock Section 94 Time setting update section 100 Manual operation panel 101 Manual start switch 102 Setting switch 110, 120 Environmental sensor group 200 Seat fixing bracket 201 Metal plate 202L, 202R wire hole 203L, 203R left and right sides 204L, 204R notch 205L, 205R bending lines 206L, 206R cut and raised pieces G Installation surface

Claims

1. A method for cultivating plants in a greenhouse without pesticides using sunlight, air inlets and vents formed on the outer wall surface of a pesticide-free cultivation greenhouse are covered with an insect net having a predetermined mesh size, and a windbreak and insect control room is provided on the outer wall surface of the greenhouse including the air inlets and vents to prevent or suppress the intrusion of pathogens and pests into the greenhouse through the air inlets and vents; In order to ensure ventilation inside the greenhouse through the air inlet / outlet that is covered with the insect net and has high ventilation resistance, forced ventilation is performed using a ceiling ventilation fan attached to the roof surface of the greenhouse, Within the greenhouse, the plants to be cultivated and the production equipment for the plants are periodically cleaned using hypochlorous acid water or hot water at a frequency according to the growth stage of the plants, thereby eliminating pests that have invaded the greenhouse; When it is detected that low temperature induction is necessary to bring the internal environment of the pesticide-free cultivation house into a state within the target saturation deficit range, a mist cooling process is carried out in which a mist of hypochlorous acid water is sprayed inside the house, and pests that have invaded the house are eliminated by the sprayed mist. A method for cultivating plants in a greenhouse without using pesticides, using sunlight, characterized in that pests that have invaded the greenhouse are eliminated using an insecticide lamp installed inside the greenhouse.

2. In claim 1, A pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method using, as the hypochlorous acid water, a diluted aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite diluted with raw water and diluted chlorine diluted with the raw water, which is produced by stirring and mixing.

3. In claim 1, If necessary, the plants are washed using a portal sprayer; In this cleaning, The gate-type sprayer is placed so as to straddle the row of plants to be cleaned, and the position or direction of the nozzle of the base spray nozzle attached to the gate-type frame body is set so that the spray of the cleaning solution directly hits the base of the plants located inside the gate-type frame body of the gate-type sprayer; This is a pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method in which the gate-type sprayer is moved along the rows of plants, and a mist of warm water or hypochlorous acid water is sprayed from the left and right spray nozzles mounted on the left and right sides of the gate-type frame body, and the base spray nozzle.

4. A greenhouse with a pesticide-free cultivation function used for cultivating plants without pesticides by the pesticide-free greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, an entrance / exit sheet covering an air entrance / exit formed on the outer peripheral wall surface of the house, the air entrance / exit communicating between an external space of the house and an internal space of the house; a side winder that winds up the entrance / exit sheet that covers the air entrance / exit to open the air entrance / exit; A negative electrode side insect net and a positive electrode side insect net of a predetermined mesh size arranged on the outside of the entrance / exit sheet; a windshield and insect-repellent chamber installed outside the house on the outer peripheral wall portion of the house including the air inlet and outlet; a ceiling ventilation fan attached to a roof surface of the house for forced ventilation that takes outside air into the interior space of the house through the air inlet and outlet; an insecticide lamp installed inside the greenhouse to illuminate plants to be cultivated; A spraying mechanism for spraying a mist of hot water or hypochlorous acid water onto the plants and plant production equipment inside the greenhouse; an environmental control device configured mainly by a computer; It is equipped with The environmental control device includes: a drive control function for the ceiling ventilation fan and the insecticide lamp; When it is detected that low temperature induction is necessary to bring the internal environment of the pesticide-free cultivation greenhouse into a state within a target saturation deficit range, a mist cooling process is carried out in which a mist of hypochlorous acid water is sprayed inside the greenhouse, and a saturation deficit management function is used to eliminate pests that have invaded the greenhouse by the sprayed mist; and A periodic cleaning function for performing periodic cleaning of the plants to be cultivated and the production equipment for the plants inside the greenhouse using a mist of warm water or hypochlorous acid water sprayed by the spraying mechanism at a frequency according to the growth stage of the plants, thereby eliminating pests that have invaded the greenhouse. A greenhouse with a pesticide-free cultivation function characterized by being equipped with:

5. In claim 4, A hypochlorous acid water generator is provided for generating the hypochlorous acid water. The hypochlorous acid water generator is a greenhouse with a pesticide-free cultivation function that generates the hypochlorous acid water by stirring and mixing a diluted aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite diluted with raw water and diluted chlorine diluted with the raw water.

6. In claim 4 or 5, The greenhouse is equipped with a gate-type sprayer that washes the plants planted in rows inside the greenhouse with hypochlorous acid water or hot water, The gate-type sprayer comprises a self-supporting gate-type frame body that is open in the front-rear and downward directions, a left spray nozzle and a right spray nozzle attached to the left and right side walls of the gate-type frame body, and a plant base spray nozzle attached to the gate-type frame body, In this greenhouse with a pesticide-free cultivation function, the gate-type sprayer is positioned so as to straddle the row of plant bodies to be cleaned, and the position or direction of the nozzle of the base spray nozzle can be set so that the spray of cleaning solution directly hits the base of the plant bodies located inside the gate-type frame body.

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