Terminal and communication method

Abstract

To appropriately perform the mobility in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN).SOLUTION: A terminal comprises: a control unit that determines a parameter relating to the mobility when Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) information is not used in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) environment; and a communication unit that performs a handover or conditional handover (CHO) by using the parameter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal and a communication method in a wireless communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption are being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Currently, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are being considered. NTNs use non-terrestrial networks such as satellites to provide services to areas that cannot be covered by terrestrial 5G networks, mainly due to cost considerations (e.g., Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.4.0 (2024-12) [Non-patent document 2] 3GPP TR 38.821 V16.2.0 (2023-03) [Non-patent document 3] Konishi et al., "A Study on Downlink Spectrum Sharing in HAPS Mobile Communication Systems," Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers General Conference, B-17-1, 2020 [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 38.304 V18.4.0 (2024-12) [Non-Patent Document 5] 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.4.0 (2024-12) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Previously, NTN required the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a synchronization source. However, frequent acquisition of GNSS information increases power consumption in the terminal, and GNSS signals may not be available in some environments. When GNSS signals are unavailable, it may not be possible to start position-based measurements for cell reselection or to apply position-based conditions for conditional handover (CHO).

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to appropriately execute mobility in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network). [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to the disclosed technology, there is provided a terminal having a control unit that determines mobility-related parameters when GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) information is not used in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment, and a communication unit that uses the parameters to execute handover or CHO (Conditional handover). [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, mobility can be appropriately implemented in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network). [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of NTN (1). [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (2) of NTN. [Figure 3] This is a diagram showing an example (3) of NTN. [Figure 4] This is a diagram showing an example (4) of NTN. [Figure 5] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of mobility in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station 10 or a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0011] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technologies are used as appropriate. However, the existing technologies are, for example, but not limited to, the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR) unless otherwise specified.

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, NR-PDCCH, NR-PDSCH, NR-PUCCH, NR-PUSCH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-."

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the duplex method may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) method, or other methods (for example, Flexible Duplex, etc.).

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, when radio parameters and the like are "configured," it may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0015] Figure 1 shows an example of an NTN (1). An NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) uses non-terrestrial devices such as satellites to provide services to areas that cannot be covered by terrestrial 5G networks, primarily due to cost. NTN also enables the provision of more reliable services. For example, it is expected to be applied to IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications. NTN also has scalability through efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0016] As an example of an NTN, as shown in FIG. 1, a satellite 10A can retransmit signals transmitted from a terrestrial base station 10B to provide service to areas where no terrestrial base stations are located, such as mountainous regions.

[0017] The terrestrial 5G network may have the following configuration. The terrestrial 5G network includes one or more base stations 10 and terminals 20. The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminals 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminals 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, on NR-PBCH, and is also called broadcast information.

[0018] The base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via an SCell (Secondary Cell) and a PCell (Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation).

[0019] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module, etc. The terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.

[0020] Figure 2 shows an example of an NTN (2). The area of ​​each cell or beam in an NTN is much larger than that of a terrestrial network (TN). Figure 2 shows an example of an NTN configured with retransmission by satellite. The connection between the satellite 10A and the NTN gateway 10B is called the feeder link, and the connection between the satellite 10A and the UE 20 is called the service link.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2, the difference in delay between UE 20A on the near side and UE 20B on the far side is, for example, 10.3 ms in the case of GEO (Geosynchronous orbit) and 3.2 ms in the case of LEO (Low Earth orbit). Also, the beam size in NTN is, for example, 3500 km in the case of GEO and 1000 km in the case of LEO.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example (3) of an NTN. As shown in FIG. 3, an NTN is realized by a satellite in space or a flying object in the air. For example, a GEO satellite may be a satellite located at an altitude of 35,786 km and having a geostationary orbit. For example, a LEO satellite may be a satellite located at an altitude of 500-2000 km and orbiting every 88-127 minutes. For example, a HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station) may be a flying object located at an altitude of 8-50 km and performing circular flight.

[0023] As shown in Figure 3, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, and HAPS aircraft may be connected to ground stations (gNBs) via gateways. The service areas may be larger in the order of HAPS, LEO, and GEO.

[0024] For example, NTN can extend the coverage of a 5G network to unserved or served areas. Furthermore, NTN can improve the continuity, availability, and reliability of services on ships, buses, trains, or other critical communications. The NTN may be signaled by transmitting dedicated parameters to the terminal 20, and the dedicated parameters may be parameters related to determining a timing advance (TA) based on information related to a satellite or an aircraft.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example (4) of an NTN. FIG. 4 shows an example of an NTN network architecture assumed in the case of transparent payload. As shown in FIG. 4, a CN (Core Network) 10D, a gNB 10C, and a gateway 10B are connected. The gateway 10B is connected to a satellite 10A via a feeder link. The satellite 10A is connected to a terminal 20A or a VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) 20B via a service link. An NR Uu is established between the gNB 10C and the terminal 20A or the VSAT 20B.

[0026] NTN's network architecture may be FDD or TDD. Terrestrial cells may be fixed or mobile. Terminal 20 may have the capability to support GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). For example, a power class 3 handheld device may be assumed in FR1. A VSAT device may be assumed at least in FR2.

[0027] NTN's network architecture may also assume regenerative payloads. For example, gNB functionality may be mounted on a satellite or air vehicle. Alternatively, a gNB-DU may be mounted on a satellite or air vehicle, and a gNB-CU may be deployed as a ground station.

[0028] Traditionally, GNSS capability has been assumed for UEs, meaning that the UE can acquire GNSS information with, for example, an accuracy of 50 m. In NTN, GNSS information is required for UEs for uplink timing and frequency compensation. 5G satellite access, on the other hand, requires authorized UEs to be able to provide service independently of GNSS capability.

[0029] The following events are assumed regarding the acquisition of UE location information. 1) Frequent acquisition of GNSS information increases the power consumption of the UE. 2) For a variety of reasons, GNSS signals may be temporarily unavailable or lost.

[0030] Due to the above-mentioned events, GNSS resilience or mitigation is being considered. Based on the GNSS resilience or mitigation, enhancements to the initial access procedure are required. Note that GNSS resilience or mitigation may also mean the case where GNSS information is at least temporarily unavailable.

[0031] As mentioned above, GNSS on the UE side may be temporarily unavailable or, even if it is available, may be degraded to the extent that the accuracy of the GNSS positioning may be reduced. These events may occur more frequently, reducing the robustness of NTN services.

[0032] For example, GNSS jamming can result in denial of service. GNSS spoofing and other influences beyond the control of the satellite network operator, such as suboptimal satellite constellations, regional blockages, solar wind activity, and increased GNSS measurement periods to reduce UE power, can lead to inaccurate position calculations and results on the UE side, resulting in an out-of-synchronization state. When NTN access is available but the GNSS signal is very weak, the UE may find itself at a disadvantage due to the difference in link budget margins between the two systems.

[0033] GNSS information for GNSS-capable UEs may be temporarily unavailable, may be available but with reduced GNSS position accuracy, or may be available but with an increased GNSS measurement period for power saving purposes. Therefore, operations must be performed to anticipate situations where GNSS may be temporarily unavailable.

[0034] Conventionally, location-based trigger conditions are applied to NTN mobility. For example, according to Non-Patent Document 4, as a measurement rule for cell reselection, the following rule is used by the UE to limit the required measurements:

[0035] If the serving cell satisfies Srxlev>SIntraSearchP and Squal>SIntraSearchQ - distanceThresh and referenceLocation are broadcast in SIB19 and the UE supports initiation of location-based measurements for NTN quasi-earth fixed systems and has acquired their location information If the distance between the UE and the serving cell reference location referenceLocation is less than distanceThresh, the UE may not perform intra-frequency measurements.

[0036] Otherwise, the UE performs intra-frequency measurements.

[0037] Otherwise, distanceThresh and movingReferenceLocation are broadcast in SIB19 and the UE supports initiation of location-based measurements for NTN terrestrial mobile systems and has acquired that location information.

[0038] Also, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 specifies a conditional handover (CHO). As defined in Non-Patent Document 5, the following additional trigger conditions are supported for a UE to perform CHO to a candidate cell: RRM measurement-based event A4 Time-based trigger conditions Location-based trigger conditions

[0039] The time-based or location-based trigger conditions can be set independently of the CHO measurement conditions in the NTN, at least in the case of hard satellite switches where the service unavailability gap duration is assumed to be zero or negligible. However, if the service unavailability gap duration is not zero or negligible, the time-based or location-based trigger conditions are always set together with one of the measurement-based trigger conditions (CHO events A3 / A4 / A5) as defined in Non-Patent Document 5.

[0040] Conventionally, for operation without GNSS, enhancements to UL timing synchronization to support network-controlled frequency compensation have been discussed. Additionally, other effects caused by GNSS loss and / or degradation may also be considered.

[0041] For NTN mobility, location-based measurement initiation for cell reselection or location-based conditions for CHO (Conditional Handover) are not applicable when GNSS is lost / degraded. The method for applying measurement initiation or conditions for handover in NTN mobility takes GNSS loss into account. New conditions for measurement initiation for cell reselection when GNSS is lost or degraded are required.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of mobility in an embodiment of the present invention. In step S101, the UE performs mobility when GNSS is unavailable. When GNSS is unavailable, the UE may determine parameters related to mobility to be used when GNSS is unavailable, and may use the parameters to perform mobility or handover in the procedure described below. For example, the UE may receive in advance from a base station parameters related to mobility to be used when GNSS is unavailable. Note that when GNSS is unavailable, this may be replaced with "when GNSS information is not used," and when GNSS is available, this may be replaced with "when GNSS information is used or in a TN environment," and this is the same in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] With regard to NTN mobility, the UE may perform the following actions in RRC_CONNECTED when GNSS information at the UE is (e.g., temporarily) unavailable, lost or degraded, or when the UE connects to the NTN without using GNSS information:

[0044] Regarding the information reported by the UE for handover, assistance information related to the GNSS loss at the UE may be reported from the UE to the network. The assistance information may be:

[0045] -Indicator of whether GNSS information is valid or not GNSS lost or degraded timestamp The timestamp when GNSS is expected to recover The last accurate GNSS information before it was lost or degraded UE speed and / or heading when GNSS is lost or degraded Duration of GNSS loss or degradation GNSS Degraded Accuracy Offset An indicator of why GNSS was lost or degraded (this may also be the UE's capability for communication without GNSS).

[0046] The Assistance Information may be reported separately or together with the TA information and / or UE location information, for example, the Assistance Information may be associated with other information types (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ, time, angle reports, etc.).

[0047] The UE shall not report information obtained by GNSS for handover when GNSS is lost or degraded, i.e. the UE shall only report information that is independent of GNSS information and / or information that is obtained without using GNSS.

[0048] It should be noted that "GNSS is lost or degraded" means that the UE does not have GNSS capability or does not have valid GNSS information at the time of reporting. For example, UE location information and TA information are not reported. For example, as a predefined rule or based on a NW instruction, the UE may not report information acquired by GNSS for handover when GNSS is lost or degraded.

[0049] For application of measurement trigger events and / or CHO execution conditions, the following options may be applied:

[0050] Option 1) Multiple conditions are configured in the UE, which may include legacy conditions such as RSRP or RSRQ based conditions, time based conditions, location based conditions, TA based conditions, motion or velocity conditions, etc. For example, if a GNSS-related condition (eg, a location-based condition or a TA-based condition) is set, additional conditions shall be set. For example, if no GNSS-related conditions (eg, location-based conditions or TA-based conditions) are set, multiple conditions are not necessarily required. If multiple conditions, including GNSS-related conditions, are set, all conditions may apply when GNSS is degraded and inaccurate GNSS information is used, or only conditions not related to GNSS information may apply. For example, GNSS-related conditions and other conditions may be met, or only one or all of the conditions not related to GNSS information may be met. If multiple conditions are configured, including GNSS-related conditions, only one / all of the conditions not related to GNSS information will be applied if GNSS is lost. For example, only the conditions not related to GNSS information should be satisfied.

[0051] Option 2) Events related to information obtained by GNSS should not be configured in the UE as CHO execution conditions and / or measurement trigger events, e.g., location-based conditions, TA-based conditions, etc.

[0052] Option 3) Default conditions are predefined, for example, if a time-based condition is predefined as the default condition, and GNSS is lost or degraded and only GNSS-related conditions are configured, the default condition will be applied.

[0053] The trigger for option 1), option 2) or option 3) above may be:

[0054] For example, the UE reporting assistance information related to GNSS loss at the UE. For example, the UE may send a request for a new measurement trigger event and / or a CHO execution condition. For example, the error in the UE reported TA or frequency offset exceeds a predefined or configured threshold. For example, the expiration of a particular predefined or set timer. For example, the UE-side network-based synchronization is activated. "Network-based synchronization" may also be "NTN-GNSS-less synchronization." For example, reusing the trigger for network-based synchronization in "NTN-GNSS-less synchronization", where "network-based synchronization" is replaced by "NTN mobility procedures without GNSS", or "measurement initiation and / or conditions for GNSS-less handover", etc.

[0055] In the RRC_INACTIVE (RRC inactive) state or the RRC_IDLE (RRC disconnected) state, the UE may perform the following actions:

[0056] The new measurement initiation and / or cell selection criteria may be:

[0057] Angle-based measurement initiation and / or cell selection criteria may be used, with the following conditions: Measurements may be initiated if the following conditions are met: ·When the elevation angle, azimuth angle, AoA (Angle of Arrival) or AoD (Angle of Departure) of the UE and neighboring cells is greater than or less than a threshold. · If the elevation angle, azimuth angle, AoA or AoD of the UE and neighboring cells is less than or greater than a threshold. If the difference in angle, azimuth angle, AoA or AoD between the UE and the serving cell is greater than or less than a threshold, and if the difference in angle, azimuth angle, AoA or AoD between the UE and a neighboring cell is greater than or less than a threshold. The above thresholds may be broadcast by SIB19.

[0058] One or more of the following may be cell selection criteria:

[0059] Neighboring cells whose elevation angle, azimuth angle, AoA or AoD with the UE are greater than a threshold are included in the candidate cells for cell reselection. Neighboring cells whose elevation angle, azimuth angle, AoA or AoD with the UE are within a predetermined range are included in the candidate cells for cell reselection. The threshold or the predetermined value range may be broadcast by SIB19.

[0060] For the application of measurement initiation and cell selection criteria, "measurement trigger event and / or CHO execution condition" may be replaced with "measurement initiation / cell selection criteria" and at least one of the options for application of measurement trigger event and / or CHO execution condition described above may be applied.

[0061] The UE may report the following capabilities:

[0062] Ability to perform each of the above mentioned actions. The ability of each option in the action, or the ability of a combination of options. - Ability to perform each option or combination of options in a movement.

[0063] The UE may report the capabilities per frequency, for example, per UE, per FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, per SCS, per band or subband, per BC, per FC, or per FSPC.

[0064] The UE can report the above capabilities on a per-cell basis, per-UE, per-cell basis, or per TDD and FDD basis.

[0065] Throughout the above operations, whether and which operations are applied and / or which options or alternatives are used may be determined by the following. - Set by upper layer parameters. Determined by relevant higher layer parameters. Notified by MAC-CE or DCI. Determined based on UE capabilities - As described above in the operation · Based on the conditions stated in the operation above. Determined by higher layer parameters / MAC-CE / DCI configuration and reported UE capabilities (combination of the above decisions)

[0066] Throughout the operation, multiple options and alternatives may be combined into a single option or alternative.

[0067] Throughout operation, the UE may assume that some actions, action options, or action alternatives may only be applied when the UE reports support for a certain feature or model.

[0068] The UE may receive information from the NW as the following types (the NW can be referred to as gNB throughout the operation):

[0069] Information via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP messages) MAC CE MAC CE with new LCID in subheader Extending an existing MAC CE (e.g., introducing a new octet). DCI -DCI Field: Existing DCI field or newly introduced DCI field RNTI: DCI with CRC scrambled by an existing RNTI or a newly introduced RNTI. -DCI format: existing DCI format or newly introduced DCI format Combination of the above information

[0070] The UE can receive information from the NW in the following periodic types: Option 1: Periodic Option 2: Semi-persistent (triggered by UE or gNB notification) Option 3: Aperiodic (triggered by UE or gNB notification)

[0071] The UE can report information to the NW as the following types (the NW can be referred to as gNB throughout the proposal): Information via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP messages) MAC CE MAC CE with new LCID in subheader Extending an existing MAC CE (e.g., introducing a new octet). UCI UCI on PUCCH or PUSCH Combination of the above information

[0072] In addition, the UE can report information to the NW in the following periodic types: Option 1: Periodic Option 2: Semi-persistent (triggered by UE or gNB notification) Option 3: Aperiodic (triggered by UE or gNB notification)

[0073] Through the above-described operations, effective mobility can be achieved in an NTN environment by setting NTN mobility measurements or conditions that take into account cases where GNSS information is not available.

[0074] That is, mobility can be appropriately performed in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network).

[0075] (Device configuration) Next, a description will be given of examples of functional configurations of the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 that perform the processes and operations described above. The base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 include functions for performing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0076] <Base Station 10 and Network Node 30> FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and the network node 30. As shown in FIG. 6, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in FIG. 6 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. Note that the network node 30 may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node 30 having multiple different functions in the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes 30 separated by function.

[0077] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or another network node 30, and transmitting the signal by wire or wirelessly. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or another network node 30, and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal. A communication unit including the transmitter 110 and the receiver 120 may be configured.

[0078] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The transmitter 110 also transmits setting information, instructions, notifications, etc. related to a low-power wake-up signal to the terminal 20. The transmitter 110 also transmits notifications related to switching of monitoring operations to the terminal. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of higher layers from the received signals. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting PSS, SSS, PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc. to the terminal 20. The receiver 120 also receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0079] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to the operations described in the embodiments.

[0080] The control unit 140 controls settings, instructions, and notifications related to the operations described in the embodiments. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0081] <Terminal 20> Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 7 is merely an example. As long as the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. Transmitting unit 210 and receiving unit 220 may be collectively referred to as a communication unit.

[0082] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The transmitter 210 also transmits capability information related to the low-power wake-up signal to the base station 10. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving PSS, SSS, PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, etc. transmitted from the base station 10. The receiver 220 also receives paging notification information and configuration information, instructions, and notifications related to the low-power wake-up signal from the base station 10. For example, the receiver 220 receives a low-power wake-up signal from the base station 10. The setting unit 230 stores various configuration information received by the receiver 220 from the base station 10. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-configured configuration information. The content of the configuration information is, for example, information related to the operations described in the embodiments.

[0083] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 240 controls settings, instructions, and notifications related to the operations described in the embodiments. A functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and a functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0084] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 6 and 7) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by hardware, software, or a combination of these. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized by using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized by using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.

[0085] For example, a base station, a terminal, a network node, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-described base station 10 and terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0086] In the present disclosure, the term "apparatus" may be interchangeable with any two terms selected from a set of terms such as circuit, device, unit, module, chip, means, etc. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0087] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, memory 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls the reading, writing, or both reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0088] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, a baseband signal processing unit, a call processing unit, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001. Although only one processor 1001 is shown in the figure, there may be multiple processors.

[0089] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from the storage 1003, the communication device 1004, or both the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 401 of the terminal 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by a single processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line, or may be provided to the computer via the communication device 1004, for example.

[0090] The present disclosure also provides a computer program product including a computer program, which may implement the steps of the methods described in the above embodiments when the computer program is executed by a computer (e.g., the processor 1001).

[0091] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, as a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or a combination of at least two of these. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), or the like. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0092] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, or a combination of at least two of these. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, memory 1002, storage 1003, or a database, server, or other appropriate medium including both memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0093] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via a wired network, a wireless network, or both wired and wireless networks, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, or a combination of at least two of these. For example, a transmitting / receiving antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmitting / receiving unit, or a transmission path interface may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit may be implemented as a transmitting unit and a receiving unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0094] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from the outside (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, or a combination of at least two of these). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to the outside (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, or a combination of at least two of these). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0095] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0096] Furthermore, base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or a combination of at least two of these, and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0097] <Configuration of this embodiment> (Section 1) a control unit that determines mobility-related parameters when GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) information is not used in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment; A terminal having a communication unit that executes handover or CHO (Conditional handover) using the parameters. (Section 2) 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit reports assistance information related to a GNSS loss at the UE to the network if GNSS information is unavailable. (Section 3) 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit reports information to the network that is independent of information that can be obtained by GNSS when GNSS information is unavailable. (Section 4) 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit sets an additional condition to the CHO execution condition when GNSS information is unavailable. (Section 5) The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs measurement initiation based on angle-based conditions or uses angle-based cell selection criteria when GNSS information is unavailable and when RRC (Radio Resource Control) is inactive. (Section 6) A procedure for determining mobility parameters in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) environment when GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) information is not used; A communication method in which a terminal executes a procedure for executing handover or CHO (Conditional handover) using the parameters.

[0098] Any of the above configurations can appropriately perform mobility in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network). Furthermore, according to paragraphs 2 to 5, effective mobility can be achieved in an NTN environment by setting NTN mobility measurements or conditions that take into account cases where GNSS information is not available.

[0099] (Supplementary explanation of the embodiment) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may apply to items described in another item (unless inconsistent). The boundaries between functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of the processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams. However, such devices may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server or any other suitable storage medium.

[0100] The aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure may be categorized as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced), 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 5G-A (5G-Advanced), 6G (6th generation mobile communication system), xG (xth generation mobile communication system (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) (registered trademark), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Engineers) 802.11, IEEE802.11x (where x is any character string such as b, a, g, n, ac, ax, be, or bn, and when x=n it is called Wi-Fi4, when x=ac it is called Wi-Fi5, when x=ax it is called Wi-Fi6 or Wi-Fi6E, when x=be it is Wi-Fi7, and when x=bn it is called Wi-Fi8, etc. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark.), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark), IEEE802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), network virtualization technology (e.g., NFV (Network Function Virtualization), SFC (Service Function Chaining), SDN (Software Defined Networking)), or LPWA (Low Power Wide Area). Furthermore, each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a system based on a combination of at least two of these technologies. Furthermore, "based on" naturally refers not only to a system that uses the technology, but also to a system that uses an extension or modification of the technology.

[0101] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as "base station (BS)", "radio base station", "fixed station (fixed station)", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point (AP)", "transmission point (TP)", "reception point (RP)", "transmission / reception point (TRP)", "radio unit (RU)", "remote unit (RU)", "control unit (CU)", "distributed unit (DU)", "remote radio head (RRH)", "node", "gateway", "terrestrial base station", "stratospheric base station", "unmanned aerial vehicle", "high altitude platform station (HAPS)", "airborne platform", "panel", "cell", "radio access network (RAN)", and "network" may be used interchangeably.

[0102] Each cell accommodated by a base station may be referred to by terms such as a macro cell, a small cell, a femto cell, a pico cell, a serving cell, or a super cell. In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," "cluster," "bandwidth part (BWP)," and "carrier bandwidth" may be used interchangeably.

[0103] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from the set of terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", "Device", "Module" and "Terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0104] A terminal may be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, router (e.g., home router, mobile router, etc.), TCU (Telematics Control Unit), or some other suitable terminology.

[0105] The base station and the terminal may each be composed of one or more devices. The devices constituting at least a portion of the base station and the terminal may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. Note that the devices constituting at least a portion of the base station and the terminal may be, for example, an object itself, such as a vehicle, a transport vehicle, an automobile, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a connected car, an excavator, a bulldozer, a wheel loader, a dump truck, a forklift, a train, a bus, a handcar, a rickshaw, a ship and other watercraft, an airplane, a rocket, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a stratospheric base station (e.g., a High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS)), an artificial satellite (e.g., a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite, a Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite, a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite), a drone (registered trademark), a multicopter, a quadcopter, a balloon, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device (e.g., a smart meter, a sensor), or may include, but are not limited to, an object or device mounted on the object. Furthermore, the object may be a moving object (hereinafter referred to as a "moving object"; this does not exclude the case where the moving object is in a stationary state where it is not moving), or may be a fixedly positioned object (hereinafter referred to as a "non-moving object").

[0106] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)) or communication of a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have at least some of the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "sidelink") or terms corresponding to NTN (for example, feeder link or service link). For example, an uplink channel or a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0107] The present disclosure is also applicable to cases where at least some of the devices constituting the base station and the terminal operate outside the earth (for example, in the atmosphere or outer space).

[0108] In addition, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be read as "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the terminal 20 described above.

[0109] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination of at least two of these. Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) control information. The MAC signaling may be referred to as a MAC Control Element (CE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), for example. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message or an information element (IE) in the RRC message. The RRC message may be, for example, a message used for controlling an RRC connection (for example, setup, reconfiguration, establishment, reestablishment, release, or resume), mobility, a measurement report, or notification of a terminal's capabilities, or may be an information element within the message. Furthermore, notification of information may be explicit or implicit. Note that explicit notification of certain information means notification of the certain information itself, and implicit notification of certain information may mean notification of information other than the certain information, or may mean that the certain information is considered to have been notified when a certain condition is satisfied.Furthermore, notification of information may include not only notification between the same layers of different devices (e.g., between a lower layer or an upper layer of the base station 10 and the terminal 20) but also notification between different layers in the same or different devices (e.g., between a lower layer and an upper layer in the base station 10 or the terminal 20). Furthermore, notification of information from one device to another device may be performed via one or more devices. Regarding any information (e.g., a variable, a constant, a parameter, a setting) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, information indicating / specifying (or related to) the any information (value) may be notified from any first device (e.g., a terminal / base station) to any second device (e.g., a base station / terminal).

[0110] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0111] In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node or by some of its upper nodes (e.g., CU, RU, or DU, etc.) in some cases. It is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a RAN or core network may be performed by at least some of the base station and other network nodes other than the base station. The other network node may be one node or a combination of multiple nodes. The network node is, for example, a node provided in various core networks such as EPC (Evolved Packet Core) and 5GC (5G Core Network), and provides one or more network functions (NF: Network Functions), but is not limited to this.

[0112] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the operation of "a terminal receives information from a base station" accompanies the operation of "the base station transmits the information to the terminal," "the base station generates the information," or both. Similarly, the operation of "a terminal transmits information to a base station" accompanies the operation of "the base station receives the information from the terminal." Furthermore, the operation of "a terminal is configured to ..." or "configure UE to ..." may include the operation of "a base station transmits configuration information regarding the configuration of the terminal" and the operation of "a terminal configures a predetermined operation based on the configuration information."

[0113] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation.

[0114] The present disclosure has been described above, but it is for illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. The present disclosure and its modifications and alterations are included in the scope of the present invention and its equivalents.

[0115] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0116] The radio resource may be defined by a combination of resource units in one or more domains, such as the time domain, the frequency domain, the spatial domain, the code domain, and the power domain.

[0117] For example, resources in the time domain may be defined by one or more time units. The one or more time units may include, but are not limited to, a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a symbol, a transmission time interval (TTI), or a combination of at least two of these. The time unit may be a fixed-length time unit independent of numerology, a variable-length time unit dependent on numerology, or both. Examples of fixed-length time units include, but are not limited to, a subframe consisting of one or more slots and a radio frame including multiple subframes. Examples of variable-length time units include, but are not limited to, a symbol and a slot including a fixed number of symbols. A certain time unit may be divided into shorter time units. Examples of shorter time units include, but are not limited to, a minislot consisting of fewer symbols than the number of symbols constituting a slot. The above-described time units may include, for example, time units used as units for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Furthermore, any time unit in the present disclosure may be read as another time unit.

[0118] Numerology is a parameter that defines the physical layer structure, and may be a parameter based on at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, cyclic prefix length, and sampling time, for example.

[0119] Resources in the frequency domain may be defined, for example, by one or more frequency units. The one or more frequency units may include, for example, subcarriers, resource blocks (RBs), bandwidth parts (BWPs), carrier bandwidths, or a combination of at least two of these, but the terminology of the frequency units is not limited to these. The number of subcarriers included in a frequency unit may be a fixed number regardless of numerology, or may be a variable number that changes depending on numerology. For example, an RB is composed of a predetermined number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the number of subcarriers included in the RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12, but is not limited to this. A BWP may be composed of, for example, one or more consecutive RBs within a certain carrier bandwidth, but is not limited to this. One or more BWPs may be configured within one carrier for terminal 20, and at least one of the BWPs may be activated. Any frequency unit in the present disclosure may be interchangeable with another frequency unit.

[0120] Furthermore, resources in both the time domain and the frequency domain may be defined by one or more time / frequency units each consisting of a time unit and a frequency unit, such as, but not limited to, a resource element (RE) consisting of one symbol and one subcarrier, a resource element group (REG) consisting of a predetermined number of REs, or a control resource set (CORESET) consisting of a predetermined number of symbols and a predetermined number of RBs.

[0121] Furthermore, resources in the spatial domain may be defined, for example, by one or more spatial units, including, but not limited to, a beam, a layer of MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output), an antenna port, or a combination of at least two of these.

[0122] Furthermore, the resources in the code domain may be defined by one or more code units, such as, but not limited to, a cyclic shift (CS), an orthogonal cover code (OCC), or a combination thereof.

[0123] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0124] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc. [Explanation of symbols]

[0125] 10 base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting section 140 Control Unit 20 terminals 210 Transmitter 220 Receiving unit 230 Setting Section 240 Control Unit 1001 processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication equipment 1005 Input Device 1006 Output Device

Claims

1. a control unit that determines mobility-related parameters when GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) information is not used in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment; A terminal having a communication unit that executes handover or conditional handover (CHO) using the parameters.

2. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the communication unit reports assistance information related to a GNSS loss in the UE to the network when the GNSS information is not used.

3. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the communication unit, when not using GNSS information, reports information independent of information obtainable by GNSS to the network.

4. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit sets an additional condition to the CHO execution condition when GNSS information is not used.

5. The control unit performs measurement start based on angle-based conditions or uses angle-based cell selection criteria when GNSS information is not used and when RRC (Radio Resource Control) is in an inactive state or an RRC is not connected state. The terminal according to claim 1.

6. A procedure for determining mobility-related parameters in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) environment when GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) information is not used; A communication method in which a terminal executes a procedure for executing handover or CHO (Conditional handover) using the parameters.

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