Composite and clothing

Abstract

To provide a composite and clothing that can prevent detachment of aerogel particles even when repeatedly washed.SOLUTION: The composite comprises a porous base material, an aerogel filled in voids of the porous base material, and a coating layer covering at least a part of a surface of the porous base material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a composite and a garment. [Background technology]

[0002] Insulating materials are used for various purposes to promote energy conservation and make effective use of thermal energy. In recent years, materials that combine aerogel or xerogel, which have excellent insulating properties, with nonwoven fabrics or resin foams, have become suitable for use as insulating materials.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a heat insulating material made of a composite of a foam such as polyurethane foam and aerogel. Patent Document 2 discloses a heat insulating material containing nonwoven fabric fibers and xerogel. Such heat insulating materials are also used for clothing. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-47710 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. WO2018 / 003545 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, with the technologies of Patent Documents 1 and 2, when the insulating material is washed repeatedly, the aerogel (xerogel) particles easily fall off (powder off), making it difficult to maintain the insulating performance over a long period of time, and there is a problem that the material has poor washability when used for clothing.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite and clothing that can prevent aerogel particles from falling off even after repeated washing. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One aspect of the present invention is a composite, which includes a porous substrate, an aerogel filling voids in the porous substrate, and a coating layer covering at least a portion of the surface of the porous substrate.

[0008] In the composite of the above aspect, the coating layer preferably contains a urethane acrylate resin.

[0009] In the composite of the above aspect, the composite is preferably a composite for clothing.

[0010] Another aspect of the present invention is clothing, the clothing comprising the composite of the above aspect. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a composite and clothing that can prevent aerogel particles from falling off even after repeated washing. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic cutaway view showing the composite of the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The composite according to this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0014] The shape of the composite of this embodiment can be any appropriate shape depending on the application.

[0015] In this specification, the density (apparent density) is the apparent density measured in accordance with JIS K7222:2005 "Foamed plastics and rubber - Determination of apparent density".

[0016] In this specification, the thermal conductivity is a value measured in accordance with JIS A 1412-2:1999 "Methods for measuring thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of thermal insulating materials - Part 2: Heat flow meter method (HFM method)."

[0017] In this specification, the composite includes a porous substrate filled with aerogel, but the porous substrate before being filled with aerogel and the porous substrate after being filled with aerogel are treated as the same thing, and the description of one of them may be omitted or replaced with the description of the other.

[0018] As used herein, dusting refers to the shedding of aerogel particles from the composite.

[0019] As used herein, "(meth)acrylic" is intended to encompass both "acrylic" and "methacrylic," and "(meth)acrylate" is intended to encompass both "acrylate" and "methacrylate."

[0020] 1. Complex Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a composite of the present embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the composite 100 of the present embodiment includes a porous substrate 10, an aerogel 20 filled in the voids of the porous substrate, and a coating layer 30 covering at least a portion of the surface of the porous substrate.

[0021] The average filling rate of the aerogel 20 in the voids {air bubbles (cells) etc.} contained in the porous substrate 10 (the ratio of the volume of the filled aerogel to the voids) is not particularly limited and can be 50% to 100%, more preferably 70% to 100%, and even more preferably 90% to 100%. When the average filling rate of the aerogel 20 is within this range, it is possible to provide a thermal insulating material with excellent thermal insulation properties.

[0022] The thickness of the composite 100 is preferably 0.05 mm or more, 0.10 mm or more, 0.20 mm or more, 0.50 mm or more, 0.75 mm or more, 1.00 mm or more, etc., and is preferably 50.0 mm or less, 40.0 mm or less, 30.0 mm or less, 20.0 mm or less, 10.0 mm or less, 5.00 mm or less, 4.00 mm or less, 3.00 mm or less, 2.00 mm or less, etc.

[0023] The thermal conductivity of the composite 100 is preferably 0.020 W / m·K or less, 0.019 W / m·K or less, 0.018 W / m·K or less, 0.017 W / m·K or less, 0.016 W / m·K or less, etc. When the thermal conductivity of the composite 100 is within the above range, the composite 100 can have sufficient heat insulating performance as a heat insulating material.

[0024] The density of the composite 100 is 0.020 g / cm 3 More than 0.030g / cm 3 More than 0.040g / cm 3 More than 0.050g / cm 3 More than 0.075g / cm 3 More than 0.100g / cm 3 More than 0.180g / cm 3 More than 0.375 g / cm 3 Below, 0.340g / cm 3 Below, 0.330g / cm 3 Below, 0.325g / cm 3 Below, 0.321g / cm 3 Below, 0.320g / cm 3 Below, 0.300g / cm 3 The following are preferable: By setting the density of the composite 100 within the above range, it is possible to obtain a composite that has excellent flexibility while maintaining excellent heat insulating properties.

[0025] The aerogel 20, the porous substrate 10, and the coating layer 30 that constitute the composite 100 will be described in detail below.

[0026] 1-1.Aerogel 20 The aerogel 20 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include low-density dry gels, etc. Specific examples include aerogel 20 obtained using a supercritical fluid drying method, xerogel obtained by a normal drying process, and cryogel obtained by freeze-drying.

[0027] 1-1-1.Ingredients Any suitable aerogel component can be used as the aerogel 20. For example, it can be selected from inorganic aerogels such as silica aerogel and alumina aerogel, organic aerogels such as resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel (RF aerogel) and cellulose nanofiber aerogel (CNF aerogel), carbon aerogels, and mixtures thereof. Among them, silica aerogels containing silica (SiO2) can be preferably used.

[0028] 1-1-2. Structure / physical properties / properties (pore diameter) The pore diameter of the aerogel 20 is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, and even more preferably 50 nm or less. Here, the "pore diameter" is a value measured using a pore distribution measuring device (e.g., BELSORP MINI manufactured by Microtrac-Bell) in accordance with JIS Z8831-2 "Pore size distribution and pore characteristics of powders (solids) - Part 2: Measurement method for mesopores and macropores by gas adsorption." When the pore diameter is within this range, it is possible to provide a thermal insulating material with superior thermal insulation properties.

[0029] (specific surface area) The specific surface area of ​​Aerogel 20 is 600m 2 / g or more, 700m 2 / g or more, 900m 2 The upper limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1,000 m 2 / g or less is preferable. The method for measuring the specific surface area is the same as that for measuring the pore diameter described above. By setting the specific surface area of ​​the aerogel 20 within the above range, it is possible to provide a heat insulating material with better heat insulating properties.

[0030] 1-2. Porous base material 10 The porous substrate 10 of this embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a foam and a fiber sheet. Among these, a foam is preferred. When the porous substrate 10 is a foam, it is more preferred that the porous substrate 10 is an open-cell resin foam having an open-cell structure. By using an open-cell resin foam as the porous substrate 10, it is possible to sufficiently fill the interior of the foam with aerogel 20, thereby providing a thermal insulating material with superior thermal insulation properties.

[0031] When the porous substrate 10 is a fiber sheet, it may be a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. The fibers constituting the substrate are not particularly limited. For example, they can be selected from metal fibers, organic fibers, inorganic fibers, etc. depending on the application. More specific examples include metal fibers such as stainless steel fibers, nickel fibers, copper fibers, and aluminum fibers; organic fibers such as olefin fibers, polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, urethane fibers, acetate fibers, rayon fibers, and nylon fibers; and inorganic fibers such as alumina fibers and ceramic fibers.

[0032] Hereinafter, the components, thickness, structure, physical properties / characteristics, etc. of the porous substrate 10 will be described using the case where the porous substrate 10 is a foam as an example.

[0033] 1-2-1. Ingredients The resin component constituting the porous substrate 10 is not particularly limited and may be a known resin component. For example, it is preferable that the porous substrate 10 contains one or more resin components selected from the group consisting of olefin resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride resin, epoxy resin, rubber, silicone resin, melamine resin, imide resin, etc.

[0034] 1-2-2.Thickness The thickness of the porous substrate 10 is preferably 0.03 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.10 mm or more, 0.20 mm or more, 0.50 mm or more, 0.75 mm or more, 1.00 mm or more, and is preferably 40.0 mm or less, 30.0 mm or less, 20.0 mm or less, 10.0 mm or less, 5.00 mm or less, 4.00 mm or less, 3.00 mm or less, 2.00 mm or less, etc.

[0035] 1-2-3. Structure (open-cell resin foam with skin) As described above, the porous substrate 10 preferably has an open-cell structure, and more preferably is a skinned open-cell resin foam (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "resin foam") having a skin layer (not shown) and a foam layer having open cells. Commercially available skinned open-cell resin foams can be used.

[0036] The skin layer may be provided on one surface or both surfaces. The presence of the skin layer can prevent the aerogel particles from falling off (powdering). Furthermore, when the porous substrate 10 is coated with the coating layer 30 described below, the adhesion between the coating layer 30 and the porous substrate 10 can be further improved, making it possible to provide a thermal insulating material with better thermal insulation properties.

[0037] (epidermal layer) In producing a foam, for example, a foamed composition is supplied onto a PET sheet or the like, and then formed into a sheet or the like having a thickness that matches the desired thickness of the resin foam using known means such as a doctor knife, a doctor roll, etc. During this process, the surface of the foam layer that comes into contact with the PET sheet and the coating tool such as the doctor knife is altered to form a skin layer.

[0038] Alternatively, the skin layer can be formed by preparing a foam layer having open cells and then subjecting the foam layer having open cells to a heat treatment using a heat press or a heat roller.

[0039] Since the skin layer and the foam layer are integral, the open cells in the foam layer and the open cells in the skin layer are in communication with each other, and the open-cell resin foam with skin is breathable.

[0040] Here, by measuring the air permeability of the open-cell resin foam with skin through the surface of the skin layer, it can be determined whether the skin layer is air permeable.

[0041] When the foam includes a skin layer, the thickness of the porous substrate 10 refers to the sum of the thickness of the skin layer and the thickness of the foam layer.

[0042] The thickness of the skin layer is not particularly limited and can be, for example, 0.01 to 30 μm, more preferably 0.01 to 15 μm, and even more preferably 0.01 to 10 μm. When the thickness of the skin layer is within this range, powder falling can be further suppressed.

[0043] (Average open cell diameter (RB)) The average cell diameter (RB) of the open cells in a cross section perpendicular to the surface of the skin layer is not particularly limited and can be, for example, 5 μm to 300 μm, preferably 5 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably 5 μm to 100 μm.

[0044] Furthermore, the size of the aerogel encapsulated in the open cells is limited by the average cell diameter of the open cells, and the size of the aerogel is also limited to the same size. When the average cell diameter is within this range, it is possible to provide a thermal insulating material with superior thermal insulation properties.

[0045] 1-2-4.Physical properties / properties (Ventilation rate) The porous substrate 10 has an air permeability of 0.01 cm 3 / cm 2 / sec or more, 0.5cm 3 / cm 2 / sec or more, 10cm 3 / cm 2 / sec or more or 25cm 3 / cm 2 / sec or more. The upper limit of the air permeability is not particularly limited, as the higher the better. The upper limit of the air permeability of the porous substrate 10 is, for example, 300 cm 3 / cm 2 The measured air permeability of the porous substrate 10 may be 0.01 cm / sec or less. 3 / cm 2 / sec or more, it is determined that the porous substrate 10 has a certain degree of breathability.

[0046] Especially 10cm 3 / cm 2 / sec or more, the porous substrate 10 does not require time-consuming evacuation in the sol solution filling step described below, making it possible to produce the porous substrate 10 efficiently.

[0047] Such air permeability can be measured by a known method and is not particularly limited, for example, by the method described in JIS L1096-7:2010 "Testing methods for woven and knitted fabrics: Method A (Fragile method)."

[0048] (density) The density of the porous substrate 10 is 0.020 g / cm 3 More than 0.030g / cm 3 More than 0.040g / cm 3 More than 0.050g / cm 3 More than 0.075g / cm 3 More than 0.100g / cm 3 More than 0.120g / cm 3 More than 0.275 g / cm 3 Below 0.250g / cm 3 Below, 0.240g / cm 3 Below, 0.230g / cm 3 Below, 0.220g / cm 3 Below, 0.210g / cm 3 Below, 0.200g / cm 3 The following are preferable: By setting the density of the porous substrate 10 within the above range, it is possible to obtain a composite having excellent flexibility while controlling the filling amount of the aerogel 20 so as to achieve excellent heat insulation properties.

[0049] (porosity) The porosity of porous substrate (resin foam) 10 is calculated by dividing the apparent density of the foamed resin foam by the density of the unfoamed raw resin, and subtracting this divisor from 1 to obtain a percentage.

[0050] The porosity is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 50 to 99%, more preferably 65 to 99%, and even more preferably 85 to 99%. When the porosity is within this range, it is possible to provide a heat insulating material with excellent heat insulating properties. Note that the preferred porosity value here is a preferred value for an open-cell resin foam, regardless of whether it has a skin or not.

[0051] 1-3.Coating layer 30 As described above, the coating layer 30 of this embodiment covers at least a portion of the surface of the porous substrate 10, the voids of which are filled with aerogel 20 (see FIG. 1). By coating the porous substrate 10 with the coating layer 30, it is possible to prevent the aerogel particles from falling off. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the composite of this embodiment can be set to a certain level or less, thereby providing more sufficient heat insulating performance.

[0052] In this embodiment, the entire surface of the porous substrate 10 may be covered with the coating layer 30, or only a part (for example, one side) of the porous substrate 10 may be covered. Fig. 1 shows an example in which only one side of the porous substrate 10 is covered with the coating layer 30.

[0053] In order to further prevent the aerogel particles from falling off and to further enhance the heat insulating performance, it is preferable that the entire surface of the porous substrate 10 be covered with the coating layer 30 .

[0054] 1-3-1. Thickness The thickness of the coating layer 30 in this embodiment is preferably 200 μm or less, 100 μm or less, 80 μm or less, etc. The lower limit is not particularly limited and can be, for example, 0.1 μm or more, preferably 0.5 μm or more, more preferably 1 μm or more, and even more preferably 3 μm or more. By setting the thickness of the coating layer 30 within the above range, it is possible to suppress the shedding of aerogel particles.

[0055] 1-3-2.Material The material of the coating layer 30 of this embodiment is not particularly limited, and any known material can be used as long as it can cover the surface of the porous substrate 10. The material of the coating layer 30 is preferably one or more selected from, for example, a thermoplastic resin, an energy ray-curable elastomer, and a thermosetting elastomer.

[0056] The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and known materials can be used. Examples include polyethylenes such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) resin, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) resin, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA) resin, and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA); polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene; styrene-based synthetic rubbers such as styrene-isoprene block copolymer (SI) rubber, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS) rubber, and polystyrene-polybutadiene block copolymer resin; polyamide (nylon) resin; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; and polyurethanes such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). These can be used alone or as a mixture, copolymer, or polymer alloy. Among these, thermoplastic polyurethane is preferred due to its excellent flexibility.

[0057] The energy ray-curable elastomer and the thermosetting elastomer are not particularly limited as long as they can be cured by energy rays such as ultraviolet rays or heat. For example, the energy ray-curable elastomer includes a UV-curable elastomer.

[0058] Examples of energy ray-curable elastomers and thermosetting elastomers include urethane acrylate resin, epoxy acrylate resin, and polyester acrylate resin. Among these, it is preferable to include urethane acrylate resin. Urethane acrylate resin is a resin having one or more urethane bonds in the molecule and one or more (meth)acrylic groups. Alternatively, it is a resin that has been thermoset or energy ray-cured. In other words, urethane acrylate resin includes both the state before and after thermosetting or energy ray-curing of the raw material urethane prepolymer. When the coating layer 30 includes a urethane acrylate resin, the flexibility of the composite 100 can be further improved.

[0059] 1-3-3.Physical properties / properties (softening point) When the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin is used for the coating layer 30, the softening point of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 60°C or higher, 80°C or higher, or 90°C or higher, and preferably 125°C or lower, 120°C or lower, or 115°C or lower. If the softening point of the thermoplastic resin is within this range, the thermoplastic resin softens when the porous substrate 10 is coated with the coating layer 30 by heat lamination, thereby making it possible to further strengthen the adhesion to the porous substrate 10. Furthermore, by heating to the above temperature, the thermoplastic resin softens, so that the desired portion of the porous substrate 10 can be reliably coated with the thermoplastic resin.

[0060] The softening point can be measured by any known method without any particular limitation, for example, a method according to JIS K6863-1994 "Test method for softening point of hot melt adhesives."

[0061] (Tensile elongation at break) The coating layer 30 preferably has a tensile breaking elongation of 200% or more, 300% or more, 400% or more, 500% or more, 600% or more, etc. By setting the tensile breaking elongation of the coating layer 30 within the above range, the coating layer 30 has excellent adhesion to the porous substrate 10 and can be prevented from peeling off from the porous substrate 10 during washing.

[0062] The method for measuring the tensile elongation at break can be any known method and is not particularly limited. For example, the tensile elongation at break can be measured according to JIS K6251:2017 "Vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber - Determination of tensile properties."

[0063] 1-3-4.Other The composite 100 of this embodiment may contain an adhesive or the like between the above-described components or on at least a portion of the surface of the coating layer 30. The adhesive is not particularly limited, and various known adhesives may be used. Examples include heat-curable and ultraviolet-curable adhesives. More specifically, examples of such adhesives include rubber-based, acrylic-based, urethane-based, silicone-based, and polyvinyl ether-based adhesives.

[0064] 2. Manufacturing method of the composite The composite 100 of this embodiment can be produced as follows: Here, an example will be described in which the porous substrate 10 is the open-cell resin foam described above.

[0065] The method for producing the composite 100 of this embodiment includes a porous substrate forming step of forming a porous substrate (open-cell resin foam) 10, a sol solution filling step of filling the porous substrate 10 with a sol solution, which is the raw material for aerogel 20, under normal pressure or reduced pressure, a gelling step of gelling the filled sol solution, a drying step of drying the wet gel, and a coating step of coating the surface of the porous substrate 10 with the above-mentioned coating layer 30 after the drying step. The method for producing the composite 100 may also include additional steps (steps) in addition to the steps described below. Each step will be described in detail below. While this embodiment illustrates an example in which the coating step is performed after the drying step, this is not limited thereto, and the coating step may also be performed before the sol solution filling step.

[0066] 2-1. Porous base material formation process The porous substrate forming step will be described below. A commercially available open-cell resin foam may be used as the porous substrate 10 as long as the effects of the present invention are achieved. Therefore, the porous substrate forming step does not necessarily need to be included in the manufacturing method of the composite 100. Below, the porous substrate forming step will be described as an example when a polyolefin resin is used as the raw material and when a melamine resin is used as the raw material.

[0067] 2-1-1. Porous substrate formation process when polyolefin resin is used as raw material (raw materials) The polyolefin resin that is the raw material of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, and any known polyolefin resin can be used. Furthermore, other additives can be added as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.

[0068] The polyolefin foam can be obtained by impregnating a composition containing (A) (A1) polyolefin (excluding ethylene-propylene rubber), (A2) ethylene-propylene rubber and / or a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, and (B) a nonionic surfactant with a substance that is gaseous at room temperature and normal pressure in a supercritical state under high temperature and high pressure, and then releasing the pressure to cause foaming.

[0069] Examples of (A1) polyolefins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene-1, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-α-olefin copolymers, and polymer blends thereof. The polyethylene may be any of high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and low-density polyethylene, and the polypropylene may be any of atactic, isotactic, syndiotactic, and random.

[0070] Alternatively, polypropylenes with high elongational viscosity, such as polypropylenes with long-chain branches in the main chain (HMS-PP) that are considered suitable for foaming, or polypropylenes containing high molecular weight components and having a wide molecular weight distribution, may be used. The copolymers may be random copolymers or block copolymers, thermoplastic resins, or thermoplastic elastomers. Of these, random polypropylenes are preferred because they can maintain the flexibility of the resulting foam. Other thermoplastic polymers may also be present.

[0071] The ethylene-propylene rubber (A2) includes EPR (EPM), a copolymer of ethylene and propylene that hardens to become a rubber-like elastic material, and EPDM, a copolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a small amount of non-conjugated diene. Examples of non-conjugated dienes include ethylidene norbornene, dicyclopentadiene, and 1,4-hexadiene, and any of these may be used in this embodiment.

[0072] The styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (A2) may be a block copolymer in which styrene is bonded to one or both ends of a polymer consisting of a hydrocarbon chain. Examples include block copolymers of styrene and butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, etc., or further hydrogenated versions of these block copolymers. Examples include styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) obtained by hydrogenating SBS, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS), styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEPS) obtained by hydrogenating SIS, styrene-isoprene-butadiene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, and styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEEPS) obtained by hydrogenating the same, styrene-vinylisoprene-styrene block copolymer, and hydrogenated products thereof, styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, and hydrogenated products thereof, styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer, and hydrogenated products thereof, styrene-isobutylene-block copolymer, and hydrogenated products thereof, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination.

[0073] (B) Examples of nonionic surfactants include alkyl polyethers such as polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) alkyl ethers, fatty acid polyether esters such as polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) fatty acid esters, dipolyoxyethylene (dipolyoxypropylene) alkylamines such as di(dioxyethylene)stearylamine, polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) dialkylamines, polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) alkyl alkylenediamines, sorbitan esters such as polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) sorbitan esters and sorbitan alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) alkyl glyceryl ethers, alkyl glyceryl polyethers or esters such as monoglyceryl stearate and polyoxyethylene (polyoxypropylene) fatty acid glyceryl, alkanolamides such as fatty acid (di)ethanolamides, and mixtures thereof. The carbon number of the alkyl, fatty acid, and alkylene is preferably 10 or more in terms of compatibility with the polyolefin polymer composition, and examples thereof include C12 (lauryl or laurate, etc.), C18 (stearyl or stearate, etc.), and C22 (behenyl or behenylate, etc.). The number of repeating units of oxyalkyl such as polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 10 or less. The number of repeating units of polyglyceryl is also preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 10 or less. Furthermore, one or a mixture selected from alkyl polyether amines, fatty acid glyceryls, and fatty acid (di)ethanolamides can be preferably used, and higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol may also be added.

[0074] The component (A) used in this embodiment is a polymer composition containing 50 to 95 mass %, preferably 60 to 90 mass %, and more preferably 65 to 85 mass % of (A1) polyolefin (excluding ethylene-propylene rubber), and 5 to 50 mass %, preferably 10 to 40 mass %, and more preferably 15 to 35 mass % of (A2) ethylene-propylene rubber and / or styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer.

[0075] The amount of component (B) to be blended is required to be 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the polymer composition (A).

[0076] In this embodiment, components (A1), (A2), and (B), as well as optional components, are mixed by a mixing means suitable for mixing polymeric materials to prepare a foamable composition. In this process, optional components may be added to the foamable composition depending on the intended use to impart suitable properties to the resulting foam or to facilitate the production and processing of the foam. These optional components include lubricants such as liquid paraffin, hydrocarbon process oil, higher fatty acid glycerin esters, and higher fatty acid amides; wet silica, dry silica, talc, mica, diatomaceous earth, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium sulfate, barium sulfate, glass beads, polytetrafluoroethylene, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, bisamide compounds such as ethylene bisstearamide and methylene bisstearamide; stearamide, 12-hydroxystearamide, stearic acid triglyceride, and monoglyceride. flame retardants such as phosphate esters, melamine phosphate or piperazine phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimony oxide, zinc carbonate, chlorinated paraffin, and hexachlorocyclopentadiene; antioxidants such as aromatic amines, benzimidazoles, dithiocarbamates, phenolic compounds, and phosphites; antioxidants such as 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), and 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane; conductive materials such as conductive carbon black, copper powder, nickel powder, and tin oxide; colorants such as carbon black, organic pigments, dyes, and masterbatches containing them; and fillers such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide, and the various additives listed above that function as fillers.

[0077] The substance that is in a gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and that is to be impregnated into the foamable composition in a supercritical state may be any substance that permeates the polymer in the foamable composition in this supercritical state, and examples thereof include nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, propane, butane, etc., and mixed gases thereof. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are preferred, and carbon dioxide is particularly preferred, because they are easy to handle, highly safe, and provide an excellent working environment.

[0078] (Foaming process) Under the following conditions, a substance that is gaseous at room temperature and pressure is impregnated into the polymer in the foamable composition, and then the pressure is released to foam the composition into open cells. By reducing the pressure at a rate of typically 10 to 30 MPa / s, the composition can be foamed into open cells.

[0079] The temperature at which a substance that is gaseous at room temperature and pressure is impregnated into a foamable composition is a temperature at which the substance is put into a supercritical state, and is particularly preferably a temperature 20 to 40°C higher than the crystallization peak temperature of the polymer in the foamable composition measured with a differential scanning calorimeter, in order to efficiently obtain a functional foam. Here, the supercritical state is a state that exhibits properties intermediate between a gaseous state and a liquid state.

[0080] The impregnation pressure is preferably 8 to 15 MPa so that the impregnated substance, which is gaseous at room temperature and pressure, is brought into a supercritical state in order to ensure complete impregnation and obtain fine cells, and more preferably 10 to 15 MPa in order to make it particularly difficult for gas to escape.

[0081] The time for impregnating the foamable composition with a substance that is gaseous at room temperature and pressure varies depending on the required amount of impregnation and the impregnation temperature and pressure, but is usually 3 to 30 minutes, preferably 5 to 20 minutes.

[0082] When the foamable composition is foamed to form open cells, the foaming ratio is preferably 5 or more. The upper limit of the foaming ratio is not particularly limited, and from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, it is 100 or less, preferably 80 or less, and more preferably 50 or less.

[0083] The resulting mixture is expanded to an expansion ratio of 5 or more, and then extruded to obtain a skinned open-cell foam. A single-screw tandem extruder is used as the extruder, and in some cases, a twin-screw extruder may be used in combination.

[0084] (Cutting) The resulting skinned open-cell resin foam can be cut to a desired size. Open-cell structured cells are exposed on the cut surface. The sol solution is then filled into these exposed cells. The porous substrate formation process described above results in a skinned open-cell resin foam with a skin layer having open cells.

[0085] 2-1-2. Porous substrate formation process when melamine resin is used as the raw material (raw materials) The melamine foam that serves as the porous substrate can be prepared by blending and mixing the main raw materials, melamine and formaldehyde or a precondensate thereof, with a blowing agent, a catalyst, an emulsifier, etc., and then pouring the mixture into a mold. The foaming raw materials are heated by an appropriate means, such as heating or irradiating with electromagnetic waves, to generate heat, foam, and harden.

[0086] The molar ratio of melamine to formaldehyde for producing the precondensate is preferably melamine:formaldehyde=1:1.5 to 4, particularly 1:2 to 3.5. A precondensate having a number average molecular weight of 200 to 1000, particularly 200 to 400, is preferred. As formaldehyde, formalin, which is an aqueous solution thereof, is usually used.

[0087] As the monomer for producing the precondensate, in addition to melamine and formaldehyde, various monomers can be used in an amount of 50 parts by mass or less, particularly 20 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of these monomers.

[0088] Other monomers that can be used corresponding to melamine include alkyl-substituted melamine, urea, urethane, carboxylic acid amide, dicyandiamide, guanidine, sulfurylamide, sulfonic acid amide, aliphatic amine, phenol and derivatives thereof, etc. Furthermore, aldehydes that can be used include acetaldehyde, trimethylolacetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, furfurol, glyoxal, phthalaldehyde, terephthalaldehyde, etc.

[0089] As the blowing agent, pentane, trichlorofluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, etc. can be used.

[0090] As the catalyst, formic acid is usually used, and as the emulsifier, an anionic surfactant such as sodium sulfonate can be used.

[0091] (Foaming and curing process) The electromagnetic waves irradiated to promote the curing reaction of the foaming raw material are preferably adjusted so that the power consumption is 500 to 1000 kW, particularly 600 to 800 kW, relative to the foaming raw material.

[0092] The thickness and density of the melamine foam may be appropriately set according to the conditions of the thermal compression step and the desired thickness and density of the porous substrate. The obtained melamine foam may be processed to a predetermined size.

[0093] (Thermal compression process) In the heat compression step, the resulting melamine foam is heat compressed and plastically deformed to obtain a porous substrate having a predetermined density and air permeability. The porous substrate refers to the state after the melamine foam is compressed.

[0094] The thermal compression step can be carried out, for example, by a method of thermally compressing the mixture between hot plates of a compression molding machine. In this case, the temperature of the hot plates (press temperature) is preferably 100 to 250°C, more preferably 120 to 200°C, and even more preferably 150 to 180°C.

[0095] In the thermal compression step, it is preferable to carry out the thermal compression so that the ratio of the thickness of the porous substrate to the thickness of the melamine foam is 1 / 2 to 1 / 15, or 1 / 3 to 1 / 10. By setting the ratio within these ranges, the cells of the porous substrate become dense by thermal compression molding, which makes it possible to prevent the aerogel from falling off and also makes it possible to impart flexibility to the composite.

[0096] (Cutting) The resulting porous substrate (open-cell resin foam) can be cut to a desired size. The open-cell structure of the foam is exposed on the cut surface. The sol solution is then filled into the exposed cells.

[0097] By the above porous substrate forming step, a porous substrate, i.e., an open-cell resin foam, is obtained.

[0098] 2-2. Sol solution filling process In the following, a detailed description will be given of silica aerogel, which is a suitable example of the aerogel 20, but the aerogel 20 is not limited to silica aerogel.

[0099] 2-2-1. Sol solution Silicone alkoxide or its derivatives or alkali metal silicate can be used as the silicone raw material for silica aerogel, and is mixed with an aqueous solvent to form a sol solution.

[0100] The silicone raw material is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits the effects of the present invention. Examples of silicone alkoxides and derivatives thereof include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane oligomer, tetraethoxysilane oligomer, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, and monohexyltriethoxysilane. Examples of alkali metal silicates include potassium silicate and sodium silicate. A combination of multiple silicone raw materials can be used. When multiple materials are used, the combination and blending ratio can be selected according to the purpose.

[0101] For the hydrolysis of the silicone raw material, it is preferable to use water and a solvent that is compatible with water and dissolves the silicone raw material. Examples of the solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol; aliphatic diols such as ethanediol, propanediol, butanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol; aromatic diols or alicyclic diols such as hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol A, and cyclohexanediol; polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, diglycerin, trimethylolpropane, trishydroxymethylaminopentane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and hexamethylolmelamine; hexane, toluene, chloroform, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetone, and acetonitrile. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0102] In order to efficiently hydrolyze the silicone raw material, it is preferable to add a catalyst to the reaction system in advance. The catalyst is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acidic catalysts such as formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, and phosphoric acid, and basic catalysts such as metal oxides and / or hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, aliphatic and / or aromatic amines such as dimethylamine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, aniline, and 1,5-naphthalenediamine, ammonia, naphthenic acids of divalent metals, and hydroxides of divalent metals. These catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0103] 2-2-2. Filling method The method for filling the sol solution is not particularly limited as long as it is carried out under normal pressure or reduced pressure, and any known method can be used. For example, a method of filling the open-cell resin foam obtained by the above-mentioned method by completely impregnating it with the prepared sol solution under reduced pressure can be used. In particular, a method for filling the open-cell resin foam obtained by the above-mentioned method by completely impregnating it with the prepared sol solution under reduced pressure can be used. 3 / cm 2 / sec or more, filling under normal pressure is possible.

[0104] Specifically, for example, a sol solution made by mixing tetramethoxysilane (hereafter referred to as TMOS), methanol, water, and catalyst (ammonia) in a molar ratio of 1:7.2:4:0.01 can be used. A resin foam is placed in a separable flask, and the sol solution is gradually introduced until the resin foam is completely immersed in the sol solution, filling the resin foam with the sol solution. The mixture is then left for 2 to 3 hours until gelation occurs.

[0105] Reactive functional groups, such as unreacted hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and amino groups, remaining in the open-cell resin foam may react with the hydrophobizing agent described below. The presence of a large amount of reactive functional groups may inhibit the hydrophobizing reaction of the wet gel. Therefore, the reactive functional groups remaining in the open-cell resin foam may be deactivated in a step prior to the sol solution filling step. The method for deactivating the reactive functional groups is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used.

[0106] 2-3.Gelling process The sol solution filled into the resin foam undergoes a sol-gel reaction, where TMOS is hydrolyzed by water and a catalyst, and then forms a sol, followed by a wet gel. Here, a wet gel refers to a solid that still contains liquid, such as the residual liquid of the sol solution after gelation.

[0107] A sol-gel reaction caused by hydrolysis of the silicone alkoxide or its derivatives forms a wet gel within the open cells of the foam.

[0108] After forming the wet gel, a process of removing water and unreacted materials from the wet gel may be performed. Examples of solvents used in this process include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol, as well as acetone and acetonitrile. The foam filled with the wet gel is immersed in the solvent, and the solvent is replaced with new solvent several times to complete the process.

[0109] The method may include a step of hydrophobizing the OH groups on the silica aerogel surface using a hydrophobizing agent having a functional group reactive with hydrophilic silanol groups and a hydrophobic group. The hydrophobizing agent used has a functional group reactive with silanol groups and a hydrophobic group. Examples of functional groups reactive with silanol groups include halogens, amino groups, imino groups, carboxyl groups, alkoxyl groups, and hydroxyl groups. Examples of hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, phenyl groups, and fluorides thereof. The hydrophobizing agent may have only one type of functional group and one type of hydrophobic group, or two or more types. Examples of the hydrophobic treatment agent include organic silane compounds such as hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, triethylethoxysilane, triethylmethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, methyltrichlorosilane, and ethyltrichlorosilane, and other organic compounds such as carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, and succinic acid, and alkyl halides such as methyl chloride. Only one type of hydrophobic treatment agent may be used, or two or more types may be used.

[0110] A coupling agent may be added to increase the adhesion between the aerogel 20 and the open resin foam and prevent the aerogel 20 from falling off. The coupling agent is not particularly limited, and any suitable coupling agent can be used as long as it can react with both the silanol groups on the aerogel surface and the reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and amino groups, remaining in the open resin foam. A silane coupling agent is preferably used, and examples of the coupling agent include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, and tris-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)isocyanurate.

[0111] 2-4.Drying process In the drying step, the wet gel is dried. Known drying methods can be used and are not particularly limited. When drying the wet gel, supercritical fluid drying is preferred because the silica aerogel is less likely to break. Examples of supercritical fluid drying include a method in which the entire solvent is removed while being replaced with carbon dioxide, which has a lower critical point than the solvent, under conditions of 80°C and approximately 20 MPa.

[0112] 2-5.Coating process In the coating step, the surface of the porous substrate 10 filled with the aerogel 20 is coated with the above-described coating layer 30 to form a composite 100. When a thermoplastic resin is used as the material for the coating layer 30, a heat lamination method is preferred as a method for forming the coating layer 30 on the porous substrate 10. The heat lamination method involves heating a heating device such as an iron to a predetermined temperature and pressing the porous substrate 10 and a film (e.g., a hot melt film) formed from a thermoplastic resin together to form a coating. The heating device is not particularly limited, and in addition to an iron, a heat press, a heat roll, an infrared heater, or the like can be used. In this case, the entire porous substrate 10 may be coated at once by lamination. Alternatively, the main surface and the other surface may be coated separately.

[0113] In the heat lamination method, the heating temperature is preferably the melting point of the hot melt film + 20°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 180°C to 200°C, or in the range of 120°C to 150°C, etc. By heating at a temperature in this range, the hot melt film is appropriately softened and can cover the porous substrate 10.

[0114] The material used for the coating layer 30 can also be an energy ray-curable elastomer or a thermosetting elastomer. When a UV-curable elastomer is used as the energy ray-curable elastomer, the coating layer 30 can be formed by applying an uncured UV-curable elastomer raw material to the surface of the porous substrate 10 and curing the coating film by irradiating it with ultraviolet rays. When a thermosetting elastomer is used as the material used for the coating layer 30, the coating layer 30 can be formed by applying an uncured thermosetting elastomer raw material to the surface of the porous substrate 10 and curing the coating film by heating it.

[0115] The location where the coating layer 30 is formed on the porous substrate 10 can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the application of the composite 100, the structure of the porous substrate 10 (for example, the presence or absence of a skin layer, etc.), the material, etc. For example, if the porous substrate 10 is a foam and the above-mentioned skin layer is formed on only one side, it is preferable to coat at least the side on which the skin layer is not formed with the coating layer 30. If the porous substrate 10 is a foam and no skin layer is formed on both sides, it is preferable to coat both sides with the coating layer 30. If the porous substrate 10 is a fiber sheet, it is preferable to coat the entire surface of the porous substrate 10 with the coating layer 30.

[0116] An adhesive such as double-sided tape may be attached to at least a portion of the coating layer 30 of the composite 100 obtained in the coating step.

[0117] 3. Uses of the composite The composite 100 of this embodiment can be used in a wide range of applications in clothing and the like. Specific examples include outerwear such as jackets and coats; outerwear such as sweaters and shirts; innerwear such as trousers and skirts; underwear such as pants and innerwear; and cold weather clothing such as hats, gloves, and scarves. The composite 100 of this embodiment can prevent aerogel particles from falling off even after repeated washing. This allows the composite to maintain its heat insulating performance for a long period of time and has excellent washing resistance. Furthermore, the composite is flexible, making it suitable as a composite for clothing.

[0118] The clothing of this embodiment (outerwear such as jackets and coats; outerwear such as sweaters and shirts; innerwear such as trousers and skirts; underwear such as pants and innerwear; cold weather clothing such as hats, gloves, and scarves; etc.) includes the composite 100 described above. Therefore, the clothing has excellent washability, and can maintain its heat insulating performance for a long period of time even after repeated washing. [Example]

[0119] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0120] <<Examples and Comparative Examples>> The porous substrate filled with aerogel was coated with a coating material by the method described below to prepare the composites of each example and comparative example. The materials of the porous substrate and coating layer used in each example and comparative example are shown in Table 1 below.

[0121] <Raw materials for porous substrates> The following raw materials were used as the porous substrate. The density and thickness of the porous substrate produced from each raw material are shown in Table 1 below.

[0122] (Manufacturing of polyolefin foam with one-sided skin) 63 parts by weight of random polypropylene, 30 parts by weight of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber) (ethylene content 36%, diene content 15%), 1.5 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene stearylamine, 5 parts by weight of wet silica, and 0.2 parts by weight of a phenolic antioxidant were melt-kneaded and impregnated with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state. The pressure was then released to allow foaming, and the mixture was extruded to obtain a 4.0 mm-thick double-skinned polyolefin foam. The manufacturing conditions were an impregnation temperature of 190°C, an impregnation pressure of 15 MPa, and an impregnation time of 30 minutes. One side of the double-skinned polyolefin foam was cut parallel to the skin layer to obtain a 2.0 mm-thick single-skinned polyolefin foam.

[0123] (Manufacturing double-sided skinless polyolefin foam) Both sides of the double-sided skinned polyolefin foam were cut in a direction parallel to the skin layers to obtain a double-sided skinless polyolefin foam having a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0124] (Melamine foam manufacturing) A 10.0 mm thick melamine foam with unreacted methylol groups (density 0.014 g / cm) 3 ) was hot-compressed between the hot plates of a compression molding machine at a press temperature of 160°C to a thickness of 2.0 mm to obtain a thermoformed melamine foam.

[0125] (polyester fiber) Marix AN200BKE (manufactured by Unitika Ltd., thickness 2.0 mm, basis weight 200 g / m 2 )

[0126] <Coating layer raw materials> The following materials were used for the coating layer. The tensile elongation at break of each material was measured in accordance with JIS K 6251.

[0127] (hot melt film) Eselan SHM101-PUR (manufactured by Seedom Co., Ltd., ester-based TPU, 100 μm, tensile elongation at break: 800%)

[0128] (Synthesis of raw materials (urethane prepolymers) for UV-curable elastomers) While nitrogen was flowing through the three-way stopcock, 29.24 parts by mass of polyisocyanate (HMDI) was charged into the flask. Next, while stirring and flowing nitrogen, 55.74 parts by mass of polyol (polypropylene glycol EO 20% content, weight average molecular weight: 1,000, average functionality: 2) was added dropwise, while paying careful attention to the heat of reaction. After the addition was complete, 0.3 g of a catalyst (dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), 0.3 g) was added while stirring for 30 minutes. After the reaction was allowed to proceed for 2 hours, a sample was taken and the isocyanate group content was confirmed to be the specified NCO%. Next, 14.24 parts by mass of an acrylate compound (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) was added dropwise. After 2 hours, a sample was taken and the isocyanate group content was confirmed to be 0.5% or less, marking the reaction complete. The product was a urethane polymer, a raw material for UV-curable elastomers. A thin film sheet with a thickness of 200 μm was prepared from the resulting urethane polymer, and its tensile elongation at break was measured and found to be 200%.

[0129] <Other ingredients> (Silica aerogel) Silicone raw materials Tetramethoxysilane (solvent) Methanol (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Ion-exchanged water, electrical resistivity 1 x 10 10 Ω cm or more (catalyst) 25% ammonia water (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)

[0130] Example 1 (Sol solution filling process) Tetramethoxysilane was used as the base material, and 45 moles of methanol, 25 moles of ion-exchanged water, and 0.01 moles of catalyst were mixed with 1 mole of the base material to prepare a sol solution. The single-sided skinned polyolefin foam (single-sided PO foam) described above was cut into a 300 mm wide, 10 m long piece and placed in a separable flask as a porous substrate. The prepared sol solution was added until the foam was completely immersed, and the mixture was left to stand under reduced pressure for 3 hours to obtain a foam filled with a wet gel.

[0131] The resulting wet gel-filled single-sided PO foam was immersed in methanol, and the methanol was repeatedly exchanged with stirring for 24 hours. To hydrophobize the gel surface, the foam was then immersed in an ethanol solution of hexamethyldisilazane (20% by mass) and subjected to hydrophobic treatment for 24 hours. The resulting gel-containing single-sided PO foam was then immersed in methanol, and the methanol was repeatedly exchanged with stirring for 24 hours.

[0132] (drying process) The single-sided PO foam with the hydrophobic gel surface was immersed in carbon dioxide at 80°C and 20 MPa, and then subjected to supercritical fluid drying for 12 hours.

[0133] In this way, a one-sided PO foam filled with silica aerogel was obtained.

[0134] (Coating process) A urethane prepolymer, which is a raw material for UV-curable elastomer, was applied to the surface of the obtained single-sided PO foam where no skin layer was formed, to a thickness of 50 μm as a coating layer, and 800 mJ / cm 2 (365 nm integrated light amount) UV irradiation was performed. The surface of the one-sided PO foam on which the coating layer was not formed was covered with a coating layer to prepare a composite sample of Example 1.

[0135] <Example 2> A composite sample of Example 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the above-mentioned double-sided skinless polyolefin foam (PO foam) was used as the porous substrate, and coating layers were formed on both sides of the PO foam in the coating process.

[0136] Example 3 A composite sample of Example 3 was produced in the same manner as Example 1, except that the above-mentioned melamine foam was used as the porous substrate and coating layers were formed on both sides of the melamine foam.

[0137] Example 4 A composite sample of Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the above-mentioned polyester fiber was used as the porous substrate and coating layers were formed on both sides of the polyester fiber.

[0138] <Example 5> A hot melt film was used as the raw material for the coating layer. In the coating process, the hot melt film was laminated on the surface of the single-sided PO foam where no skin layer was formed, and then heat-laminated by pressing with an iron at 200°C for 5 seconds, thereby coating the surface of the single-sided PO foam where no skin layer was formed with a coating layer. A composite sample of Example 5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for the above.

[0139] <Comparative Example 1> A composite sample of Comparative Example 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that no coating layer was formed.

[0140] <Comparative Example 2> A composite sample of Comparative Example 2 was produced in the same manner as Comparative Example 1, except that the above-mentioned polyester fiber was used as the porous substrate.

[0141] <Evaluation and Observation> The composite samples of each example and comparative example were subjected to the following tests and evaluations. The results of each evaluation are shown in Table 1 below.

[0142] (density measurement) The composite samples of each of the Examples and Comparative Examples were measured in accordance with JIS K7222:2005 "Foamed plastics and rubber - Determination of apparent density."

[0143] (Measurement of thermal conductivity) The thermal conductivity of the composite samples of each example and comparative example was measured using a thermal conductivity measuring device (HC-72 manufactured by Eiko Seiki Co., Ltd.) based on JIS A1412-2:1999 "Methods for measuring thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of thermal insulating materials - Part 2: Heat flow meter method (HFM method)".

[0144] (Washing resistance) The composite samples of each of the Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated for washing resistance according to the following evaluation method and criteria.

[0145] [Evaluation method] The washing test was repeated 10 times using a home washing machine in accordance with the C4M method of JIS L1930 "Home washing test method for textile products."

[0146] The weight loss rate of the composite sample of each Example and Comparative Example was calculated using the following formula: The larger the weight loss rate, the worse the washing resistance, and the smaller the weight loss rate, the better the washing resistance. Weight loss rate = {Weight after test (g) - Weight before test (g)} / {Weight before test (g)} x 100 The appearance of the composite samples of each example and comparative example (presence or absence of peeling of the coating layer) was evaluated. The weight loss rate and the presence or absence of peeling of the coating layer were evaluated according to the following criteria. [Evaluation criteria] A: Weight loss rate is 3% or less and the coating layer does not peel off. B: Weight loss rate is more than 3% and 5% or less, and the coating layer does not peel off. C: Weight loss rate is 5% or less and the coating layer is peeled off D: Weight loss rate is over 5%

[0147] (Flexibility) The flexibility of the composite samples of each of the Examples and Comparative Examples was evaluated according to the following evaluation method and criteria.

[0148] [Evaluation method] Measurements were performed in accordance with JIS K7171:2016 "Plastics - Determination of bending properties." [Evaluation criteria] A: The sample bends without cracking. B: Breaks when bent over 135 degrees and up to 180 degrees C: Breaks when bent below 135 degrees

[0149] [Table 1] [Industrial Applicability]

[0150] The composite of the present invention can suppress the shedding of aerogel particles even after repeated washing, thereby maintaining heat insulating performance for a long period of time, and can therefore be used as a heat insulating material for clothing and the like. [Explanation of symbols]

[0151] 10 Porous substrate 20. Aerogel 30 Covering layer 100 Complex

Claims

1. A porous substrate; an aerogel filled in the voids of the porous substrate; A coating layer that covers at least a portion of the surface of the porous substrate; A complex comprising:

2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer comprises a urethane acrylate resin.

3. The composite of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite is a clothing composite.

4. Clothing comprising the composite of claim 1 or 2.

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