Windbreak fence

Abstract

SOLUTION: The present invention relates to the technical field of railway traffic wind protection, and the present invention discloses a windbreak fence that includes a wall body having air vents, the air vents including a plurality of first air vents penetrating the thickness direction of the wall body and a plurality of second air vents penetrating the wall body in a direction different from that of the first air vents, and each of the first air vents being connected to the second air vent.EFFECT: In the present invention, after crosswind is blocked by a wall body, a part of airflow passes through the wall body via air vents in the wall body, and the airflow generates a vortex structure on the windward side and the leeward side of a train, and thereby the distribution of the pressure difference on both sides of the train becomes even, the lateral force received by the train is reduced, and safety risks are reduced, and also, the second air vents provide additional airflow paths, and thereby, the diversity of flow path of air increases, and the wind action is effectively dispersed, and then it is possible to prevent wind from concentrating on a specific part and causing strong vibrations, and vibration effects by the wind are reduced, protecting the wall and its fixed structure from damage.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway traffic wind protection, and in particular to windbreak fences. [Background technology]

[0002] With the rapid development of railway technology, the impact of crosswinds on operation safety and passenger comfort is becoming more and more pronounced due to the increase in train speeds. Therefore, to ensure the safety of trains traveling at high speeds, windbreak fences are installed along the railway to reduce crosswinds.

[0003] However, while conventional horizontal board-type windbreak fences (see windbreak fence group C in Figure 3) can reduce the impact of crosswinds on trains to a certain extent, after the windbreak fence blocks the crosswind, the pressure on the upwind side increases and the pressure on the downwind side decreases. In addition, due to the influence of swirling air currents, the air current forms a large vortex structure above the downwind side of the windbreak fence, increasing the pressure difference between the upwind side of the train (the side approaching the windbreak fence) and the downwind side (the side away from the windbreak fence). As a result, the train is subjected to large lateral forces during travel, making it more likely to cause safety accidents such as derailment, and posing a high safety risk. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present invention provides a windbreak fence, which solves the technical problem of the conventional windbreak fence that trains are subjected to large lateral forces during the running process, which increases safety risks. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The windbreak fence provided by the present invention includes a wall having ventilation holes therein, the ventilation holes include a plurality of first ventilation holes penetrating the wall body in a thickness direction and a plurality of second ventilation holes penetrating the wall body in a direction different from that of the first ventilation holes, Each of the first vent holes communicates with the second vent hole.

[0006] Preferably, the number of the vent holes penetrating the wall body in different directions is plural, The vent holes passing through the wall in the same direction are uniformly distributed in the wall.

[0007] Preferably, the wall includes a plurality of wall units arranged regularly, and adjacent wall units are fixedly connected to each other.

[0008] Preferably, the wall units are cubic with a Menger sponge structure.

[0009] Preferably, the wall units are arranged along the thickness, length and height directions of the wall.

[0010] Preferably, the wall units are arranged along the length and height of the wall.

[0011] Preferably, the windbreak fence further includes a base for fixing the wall body to the ground.

[0012] Preferably, the base is made of concrete.

[0013] Preferably, the wall is made of a material having microstructural units for forming vibrations and absorbing air energy when acted upon by wind.

[0014] Preferably, the wall is of one-piece construction. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a windbreak fence that includes a wall with air vents, the air vents including a plurality of first air vents that penetrate the wall in the thickness direction and a plurality of second air vents that penetrate the wall in a different direction from the first air vents, each of which is connected to a second air vent. In this invention, after a crosswind is blocked by the wall, some of the airflow passes through the wall via the air vents in the wall, and the airflow generates a vortex structure on both the upwind and downwind sides of the train, thereby uniformly distributing the pressure difference on both sides of the train and reducing the lateral force experienced by the train, thereby mitigating safety risks. In addition, the second air vents provide an additional air flow passage, thereby increasing the diversity of air flow paths and effectively dispersing wind force, preventing wind from concentrating on a specific area and causing strong vibrations. This reduces the vibration effects caused by wind and protects the wall and its fixed structure from damage.

[0016] In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings necessary for describing the embodiments or the prior art. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting any effort that amounts to inventive step. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of the structure and location of a windbreak fence according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wall unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 3] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wall unit of level 1, a wall unit of level 2, and a wall unit of level 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 4] Schematic diagram of the structure of three control groups, A, B, and C [Figure 5] Schematic diagram of the windbreak effect of three control groups A, B and C [Figure 6] Schematic diagram of train surface pressure distribution for three control sets, A, B and C. [Figure 7] Schematic diagram of the train-wide pressure at different wind angles for three contrasting sets, A, B and C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The embodiment of the present invention provides a windbreak fence, which solves the technical problem of the conventional windbreak fence that the train is subjected to a large lateral force during the running process, which increases the safety risk.

[0019] In order to make the objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in combination with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments described below are not all the embodiments but only some of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In describing the present invention, orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" are orientations or positional relationships according to the drawings and are intended to conveniently describe and simplify the description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore do not limit the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used for convenience of description and do not indicate or imply relative importance.

[0021] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "attached," "coupled," "connected," etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or even internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] Referring to FIG. 1, a windbreak fence according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a wall body 1 having ventilation holes, The ventilation holes include a plurality of first ventilation holes that penetrate the wall body in a thickness direction and a plurality of second ventilation holes that penetrate the wall body (1) in a direction different from that of the first ventilation holes; Each of the first vent holes communicates with a second vent hole.

[0023] The windbreak fence provided by the present invention can be applied to multiple scenarios requiring wind protection, such as along railway tracks, roadsides, residential areas, and other sensitive areas. When the windbreak fence provided by the present invention is used along railway tracks, the wall body 1 is fixed and positioned near the train 2. The distance between the wall body 1 and the train 2 can be determined by methods such as experiments or numerical simulations of velocity distribution, flow field distribution, and pressure distribution, and the optimal distance can be selected to achieve the optimal overall wind protection effect. Specifically, the windbreak fence provided by this embodiment further includes a base for fixing the wall body 1 to the ground, and the base and the wall body 1 are fixed with adhesive or connecting members. Since the base must meet the force-bearing and structural requirements for wind protection, it can be made of materials with high strength, stability, and durability, such as concrete or steel, with concrete being preferred. Concrete has good compressive resistance, flexural strength, and durability, and when the wall body 1 is installed, pouring concrete ensures a more stable connection between the wall body 1 and the base. Furthermore, concrete bases can be manufactured with rebar pre-embedded inside them, making the base structure more stable.

[0024] The wall 1 may be a single-piece structure, or may comprise multiple sub-walls joined in parallel or multiple wall units joined in an array. When multiple wall units are joined to form the wall 1, the wall units are joined and secured together using adhesive or other fastening methods, and the positions of the fastening connections should avoid the outlets or inlets of the air vents. Preferably, the wall 1 is made of a material with high strength, stability, and durability and microstructural units, such as resin, steel plate, aluminum alloy plate, concrete, tempered laminated glass, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polycarbonate (PC). The microstructural units form vibrations when exposed to wind and absorb air energy, reducing the kinetic energy of the air molecules and affecting the flow field structure of the wall 1. Due to the high strength, stability, and durability of the material, the wall 1 can be used stably in complex outdoor environments exposed to rain and sunlight for long periods of time. The first air vent penetrates the wall 1 in the thickness direction of the wall 1, at the same angle as the crosswind blowing into the wall 1. After the crosswind is blocked, part of the airflow directly enters the first air vent, causing air vibrations in the through-hole and wasting wind power.

[0025] The second air vents are also through-holes that penetrate the wall 1, but their penetration direction differs from that of the first air vents. Specifically, they may penetrate the wall 1 in one or more of the following directions: the height direction, the length direction, or an inclined direction relative to the horizontal plane. This provides additional airflow passages for some of the airflow that enters the wall, increasing the diversity of air flow paths. The intersections of the first air vents and the second air vents are their connection points, and each second air vent communicates with at least one first air vent. Because through-holes that penetrate in an inclined direction may weaken the local structure of the wall, the load-bearing capacity and stability of the wall may be weakened. Therefore, the second air vents are preferably through-holes that penetrate the wall 1 in the height direction and / or the length direction, thereby ensuring the stability and structural continuity of the entire wall 1.

[0026] In this embodiment, after the crosswind is blocked by wall 1, part of the airflow passes through the wall 1 via the air vents on the wall 1 and collides with the vortex-formed flow field above the lee side of the windbreak fence, stabilizing the flow field. Furthermore, the airflow generates vortex structures on both the windward and leeward sides of train 2, uniformly distributing the pressure difference on both sides of train 2, reducing the lateral force received by train 2 and reducing safety risks, as well as reducing the impact force of the crosswind on wall 1 and the risk of potential damage. Furthermore, the second air vent provides an additional air flow passage for the airflow that has entered the first air vent, thereby increasing the variety of air flow paths and changing the direction of the airflow as it passes through the wall, effectively dispersing the wind force and preventing the wind from concentrating on a specific part of the wall 1 and causing strong vibrations of the wall 1, thereby reducing the vibration effects caused by the wind and easing the load on the fixing structure at the bottom of the wall 1, protecting the wall 1 and its fixing structure from damage and extending the life of the windbreak fence. Furthermore, a structure with multiple through holes reduces material costs when manufacturing the wall 1.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the number of vent holes penetrating the wall 1 in different directions is plural, and the vent holes penetrating the wall in the same direction are uniformly distributed on the wall 1.

[0028] Here, unevenly distributed vents may cause the incoming airflow to resonate at a specific frequency, causing vibrations in the structure of the wall 1 and potentially damaging the structure of the wall 1 over time, whereas evenly distributed vents can reduce the possibility of such resonance occurring. Furthermore, evenly distributed vents distribute the wind force more evenly as the airflow passes through the wall 1, preventing the wind force from concentrating in a certain area and causing excessive local pressure, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the structure of the wall 1.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, to facilitate transportation and reduce installation difficulties, the wall 1 includes a plurality of regularly arranged wall units 3, with adjacent wall units 3 fixedly connected. Furthermore, when maintaining or remodeling the wall 1, it is not necessary to rebuild the entire wall 1, but rather it is sufficient to add or replace some of the wall units 3, thereby reducing the cost and time for remodeling or maintenance. The wall units 3 may be arranged along the thickness, length and height directions of the wall, or along the length and height directions of the wall, the former providing a better windbreaking effect.

[0030] Further, referring to FIG. 2, the wall unit 3 is a cube having a Menger sponge structure.

[0031] A Menger sponge is a fractal graphic. In this embodiment, the Menger sponge structure is specifically as follows: Each face of a cube is uniformly divided into 9 blocks (3 rows x 3 columns), and the entire cube is uniformly divided into 27 smaller cubes. The cube at the center of the cube and the six smaller cubes at the center of each face are removed, and the remaining 20 connected cubes form a structure filled with through-holes, which is the Menger sponge structure at level 1. As shown in Figure 3, with each iteration of the fractal level of the Menger sponge structure, each remaining cube is further subdivided according to the same rule, and the cubes at the center and face centers of the next level below are removed. With each level increase, the additional through-holes become smaller and more densely packed.

[0032] The through-holes in the Menger sponge structure are interconnected within the structure and penetrate the entire structure in the length, height, and width directions. When multiple Menger sponge structure wall units 3 are joined and fixed to form a wall 1, the wall 1 has multiple through-holes penetrating its length, height, and thickness directions, providing good windproof performance, and the complex through-hole structure can reduce noise transmission. Preferably, the wall units 3 are regular hexahedrons, which makes it easier to align the through-holes when assembled into the wall 1, improving construction efficiency.

[0033] Furthermore, to accommodate different complex environments, Menger sponge structures with different fractal levels can be adopted based on the wind protection needs of railway tracks, roadsides, residential areas, and other sensitive areas. The greater the wind protection need, the higher the fractal level of the Menger sponge structure to be adopted. With each fractal level increase in the Menger sponge structure, the additional air vents become smaller and more densely packed, thereby further dispersing wind force without significantly increasing the overall wind permeability of the wall 1. Before designing the wall 1, the wind protection effect should be evaluated by means of experiments or numerical simulations. First, select the fractal level of the Menger sponge structure of the wall units that meets the wind protection needs. Then, determine the array method for assembling the wall units 3 into the wall 1 and the size parameters of the wall units 3 and the entire wall 1. Finally, determine the fixing position of the wall 1. The side length l of the wall unit 3 is preferably 0.3 to 0.7 m, and the distance d between the leeward surface of the wall 1 and the center line in the width direction of the train is preferably 3 to 5 m, providing a good windbreak effect.

[0034] In a specific example, wall units with a level 2 Menger sponge structure and a side length l of 0.5 m are assembled into a wall, and each wall unit is arrayed along the length and height of the wall, the number n of wall units arranged in parallel along the height of the wall is 6, and the distance d between the lee surface of the wall and the center line of the train in the width direction is 4 m.

[0035] Referring to Figure 4, in Figure 4, group A is an independent train and is not equipped with a windbreak fence, group B is equipped with the windbreak fence provided by this specific embodiment, and group C is equipped with a conventional horizontal plate-type windbreak fence. After conducting experiments and data simulations, the results of the flow field velocity distribution, flow field distribution and pressure distribution at the location, pressure distribution on the train surface, and pressure of the entire train at different wind direction angles were obtained for the three groups A, B, and C.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the velocity distribution, flow field distribution and pressure distribution of the flow field at three sets of locations A, B and C. In the figure, V ymean is the average velocity in the y direction, and C p is the pressure coefficient. Regarding the velocity distribution, in Group B, the windbreak fence provided in this specific embodiment allows some airflow to pass through, and some of the vent outlets are located on the top surface of the wall. Compared with the conventional windbreak fence in Group C, the velocity on the windward and leeward sides of the train is more uniform. As can be seen from Bernoulli's theorem, the pressure difference between the windward and leeward sides of the train is reduced, effectively reducing the lateral force experienced by the train during its travel. Regarding the flow field distribution, after the incoming wind is blocked by the windbreak fence, the pressure on the windward side of the conventional windbreak fence in Group C is increased and the pressure on the leeward side is reduced. Due to the influence of the swirling airflow, the airflow forms a large vortex structure only above the leeward side of the windbreak wall, creating a large pressure difference between the windward and leeward sides of the train, resulting in a large lateral force on the train during its travel. In contrast, Set B's windbreak fences allow airflow to pass through, generating vortex structures on both the upwind and downwind sides of the train, uniformly distributing the pressure difference on both sides of the train and reducing the impact of lateral forces on the train. With Set C's windbreak fences, airflows bypass the fences at high speed, which, as Bernoulli's theorem suggests, reduces the pressure distribution below the airflow. This creates a pressure difference between the downwind and upwind sides of the train, increasing the lateral forces on the train as it travels and worsening train safety. Set B's windbreak fences allow airflow to pass through, uniformly distributing the pressure difference on both sides of the train and reducing the impact of lateral forces on the train, improving train safety and passenger comfort.

[0037] Referring to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of the pressure distribution at different positions on the surface of a train, in which WWS refers to the windward wall side of the train, TOP refers to the top area of ​​the train, LWS refers to the leeward wall side of the train, and BOT refers to the bottom area of ​​the train. As can be seen from the figure, the structure of Group B windbreak fence can reduce the pressure difference between the windward side and leeward side of the train, thereby reducing the lateral force on the train.

[0038] Referring to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the pressure across the train under different wind angles, where θ is the wind angle, it can be seen that under different wind angles, the windbreak fence of group B can reduce the pressure difference across the train.

[0039] As mentioned above, the above embodiments do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, but are merely for the purpose of explanation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in each embodiment may still be amended or some of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and the essence of the corresponding technical solutions will not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention due to such amendments or replacements.

Claims

1. A windbreak fence, comprising a wall with ventilation holes; the ventilation holes include a plurality of first ventilation holes penetrating the wall body in a thickness direction and a plurality of second ventilation holes penetrating the wall body in a direction different from that of the first ventilation holes, A windbreak fence, wherein each of the first vent holes communicates with the second vent hole.

2. The number of the ventilation holes penetrating the wall body in different directions is plural, 2. The windbreak fence according to claim 1, wherein the vent holes passing through the wall in the same direction are uniformly distributed in the wall.

3. 2. The windbreak fence according to claim 1, wherein the wall comprises a plurality of wall units arranged in a regular pattern, and adjacent wall units are fixedly connected to each other.

4. 4. The windbreak fence according to claim 3, wherein the wall units are cubes having a Menger sponge structure.

5. 4. The windbreak fence according to claim 3, wherein the wall units are arranged along the thickness, length and height directions of the wall.

6. 4. The windbreak fence according to claim 3, wherein the wall units are arranged along the length and height of the wall.

7. The windbreak fence according to claim 1, further comprising a base for securing the wall body to the ground.

8. 8. The windbreak fence of claim 7, wherein the base is made of concrete.

9. 2. The windbreak fence according to claim 1, wherein the wall is made of a material having microstructural units for forming vibrations and absorbing air energy when the wind acts on it.

10. 2. The windbreak fence according to claim 1, wherein the wall is an integrally molded structure.

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