Nut retainer assembly, blind fastening system, and fastening method

Abstract

To provide fastening systems, particularly for securing components in areas with limited accessibility.SOLUTION: A nut retainer assembly 100 for a blind fastener system comprises: a nut retainer 110 aligned along a longitudinal axis; and a swageable base 120. The nut retainer 110 comprises: i) an interior cavity 111 for securely holding a fastener nut 150; ii) an opening 112 for receiving a fastener 10; and iii) a threaded retainer coupling portion 113. The swageable base 120 is aligned along the longitudinal axis, and comprises: i) a swageable section 121; ii) a radial flange 122 extending outwardly from the swageable section 121; and iii) a threaded base coupling portion 123 for engaging with the threaded retainer coupling portion 113.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nut retainer assemblies, blind fastening systems, and fastening methods. [Background technology]

[0002] The development of fastening systems, especially those for securing components in difficult-to-access locations, has long been a significant technological challenge. Traditional fastening methods often require access to both sides of an assembly for effective installation, which is impractical in confined or enclosed spaces. This problem is particularly pronounced in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction, where assemblies are often compact and access to the backside of structures is limited. These limitations of traditional methods can lead to increased labor, time, and tooling costs, which can be impractical and economically inefficient.

[0003] Accordingly, those skilled in the art continue to conduct research and development in the field of fastening technology, focusing particularly on designs that can be effectively implemented in confined spaces and without the need for rear access. Innovations in this field aim to provide robust, durable, and easy-to-install fastening techniques that reduce the overall complexity and cost of the assembly process while improving the reliability and performance of the fastening system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] A nut retainer assembly for a blind fastener system is disclosed.

[0005] In one embodiment, a nut retainer assembly of the present disclosure includes a nut retainer and a swageable base or base assembly. The nut retainer and the swageable base or base assembly are aligned along a longitudinal axis. The nut retainer includes an internal cavity for securely holding a fastener nut, an opening for receiving the fastener, and a threaded retainer connection. The swageable base or base assembly includes a swageable portion, a radial flange extending outward from the swageable portion, and a threaded base connection for engaging the threaded retainer connection.

[0006] A blind fastening system is also disclosed.

[0007] In one embodiment, a blind fastening system of the present disclosure includes a fastener including a head portion and a threaded shank portion; a first substrate including a first through hole sized to provide a first clearance fit for the fastener and defining a first clamping surface for receiving the fastener, the first substrate defining a first working surface; the blind fastening system further includes a second substrate including a second through hole sized to provide a second clearance fit for the fastener and defining a second clamping surface facing the first clamping surface, the second substrate further defining a second working surface for receiving the fastener; a fastener nut including a threaded bore for positioning over the first through hole in the first substrate; and a nut retainer assembly formed to hold the fastener nut on the first working surface of the first substrate; the nut retainer assembly including a swageable portion for swaging into the first through hole in the first substrate; and with the fastener nut disposed within the nut retainer assembly, the first through hole in the first substrate, the second through hole in the second substrate, and the threaded bore in the fastener nut enable insertion of the fastener and threaded engagement of the threaded shank portion of the fastener with the threaded bore in the fastener nut.

[0008] A fastening method is also disclosed.

[0009] In one embodiment, the fastening method of the present disclosure includes placing a swageable portion of a nut retainer assembly within a first through hole of a first substrate, with a fastener nut disposed within the nut retainer assembly; swaging the swageable portion into the first through hole; inserting a fastener through the first through hole and into the nut retainer assembly; and threading the fastener into the fastener nut disposed within the nut retainer assembly.

[0010] Other embodiments of the nut retainer assembly, blind fastening system, and fastening method of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the nut retainer assembly showing the disassembled components and their spatial relationships before assembly. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the nut retainer assembly of FIG. 1 in an assembled state, showing the components after assembly. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly of FIG. 1 illustrating the internal arrangement and interaction of components. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly of FIG. 1 in use to secure a blind fastener to a structure, illustrating the use and effectiveness of the assembly. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of a nut retainer assembly showing different threading configurations with components disassembled. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the second embodiment nut retainer assembly of FIG. 5 fully assembled, highlighting the modified threading configuration. [Figure 7]FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the second nut retainer assembly of FIG. 5, showing an internal component arrangement similar to that of FIG. 3 but with different threading. [Figure 8] 6 is a cross-sectional view of the second nut retainer assembly of FIG. 5 in use to secure a blind fastener within a structure. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a third embodiment of a nut retainer assembly including a two-piece swageable base assembly for a more modular design. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the assembled third embodiment nut retainer assembly of FIG. 9, incorporating a two-piece swageable base. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment nut retainer assembly of FIG. 9, detailing the interaction between the components of the swageable base. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the nut retainer assembly of the third embodiment of FIG. 9 in use. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the installation method of a nut retainer assembly in a blind fastening system, focusing on the process from pre-drilling to final assembly. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an aircraft production and service methodology outlining the various stages from aircraft specification and design through to maintenance and service. [Figure 15] This is a schematic diagram of an aircraft, showing how various systems such as the propulsion system, electrical system, and environmental system are integrated within the aircraft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] This disclosure relates to a nut retainer assembly that can be used in a blind fastening system for installing fasteners in a structure. The nut retainer assembly described herein is designed to securely install fasteners in a structure without requiring access to the backside of the structure. The nut retainer assembly is particularly useful in tight or enclosed spaces where traditional fastening methods are not suitable.

[0013] One feature of this nut retainer assembly is that it includes a swageable portion. Swaging is the process of plastically deforming a material to secure it in place. In this nut retainer assembly, the swageable portion is designed to be deformed within a through hole in a structure (typically the material to which the fastener is attached). This deformation occurs when the assembly is inserted into the through hole. A tool or mechanical force can then be used to stretch and deform the swageable portion until it tightly grips the wall of the hole.

[0014] This gripping action securely fastens the nut retainer assembly within the substrate, providing a robust anchoring point for fastener installation, facilitating fastener installation in applications where traditional nut-and-bolt fastening is not possible due to space constraints or a lack of access to both sides of the assembly.

[0015] The following description and drawings illustrate specific examples of the disclosed nut retainer assemblies incorporating various types of swageable portions. These examples are not intended to be exhaustive or limiting, and variations or modifications of these examples are possible within the scope of this disclosure.

[0016] Figures 1-4 herein show a first embodiment of a nut retainer assembly that can be used to install a fastener in a structure. Figures 1-4 show various views of this nut retainer assembly. Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the nut retainer assembly. Figure 2 is a perspective view showing what the nut retainer assembly looks like when assembled. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly when used to secure a blind fastener in a structure.

[0017] Nut Retainer Assembly 100: Referring to Figures 1-4, this first exemplary nut retainer assembly 100 includes a nut retainer 110 and a swageable base 120. Nut retainer 110 and swageable base 120 are aligned along a longitudinal axis 101. Nut retainer 110 generally includes an internal cavity 111 for securely holding fastener nut 150, an opening 112 for receiving fastener 150, and a threaded retainer coupling portion 113 for coupling to swageable base 120. Swageable base 120 generally includes a swageable portion 121, a radial flange 122 extending outwardly from swageable portion 121, and a threaded base coupling portion 123 for engaging threaded retainer coupling portion 113 to couple swageable base 120 to nut retainer 110. This exemplary nut retainer assembly 100 may include additional components not mentioned herein, such as washers, spacers, seals, bushings, or other elements useful in a particular application or environment. The listed components, i.e., nut retainer 110 and swageable base 120, may each be formed as a single, integral part or may be formed of multiple parts that are assembled to form nut retainer 110 or swageable base 120.

[0018] Nut Retainer 110: The nut retainer 110 is a component of the nut retainer assembly 100 that holds the fastener nut 150 in place and allows the fastener 10 to be installed in a structure. The nut retainer 110 has several features, described in further detail below, including an internal cavity 111, an opening 112, and a threaded retainer connection 113. These features are designed to provide a solid and reliable connection between the fastener 10, fastener nut 150, and the structure. The nut retainer 110 may have other features not shown or described in detail herein, such as ribs, grooves, slots, holes, or protrusions, which may improve the strength, stability, or functionality of the nut retainer 110. The nut retainer 110 may be formed from any suitable material capable of withstanding the mechanical stresses and environmental conditions of its application, such as metal, plastic, composite, or ceramic. Additionally, the nut retainer 110 may be manufactured by any suitable process, such as casting, forging, molding, machining, forming, etc. The nut retainer 110 may be coated, plated, painted, or treated with any suitable substance or method that may improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, or appearance of the nut retainer 110.

[0019] The nut retainer 110 is preferably constructed of a metallic material that can achieve high strength, durability, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. The metallic material can be selected from various metals or alloys with mechanical and chemical properties suitable for the application. Preferably, the nut retainer 110 is constructed of at least one of titanium, tungsten carbide, tungsten, high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, and stainless steel. These metallic materials are examples of metals or alloys that have high hardness, toughness, and fatigue resistance, as well as low density, thermal expansion, and susceptibility to electrochemical corrosion. These metallic materials may also have excellent weldability, machinability, and formability, which may facilitate the manufacture and assembly of the nut retainer 110. Alternatively, the nut retainer 110 may be constructed of other metallic materials with similar properties to the aforementioned metallic materials, depending on the availability, cost, and performance of the metallic materials. The nut retainer 110 may be constructed of a single metallic material or a combination of different metallic materials depending on the desired properties and functions of the nut retainer 110. For example, the nut retainer 110 may be constructed with a core of one metallic material and a coating of another metallic material, or may be constructed with layers or sections of different metallic materials. Also, depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 100, the nut retainer 110 may be constructed with non-metallic materials such as ceramics, composites, plastics, etc. in addition to or instead of metallic materials.

[0020] Internal Cavity 111: The internal cavity 111 of the nut retainer 110 is generally a hollow space that accommodates the fastener nut 150 and allows the fastener 150 to pass through. The internal cavity 111 may, for example, have a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the fastener nut 150, allowing the fastener nut 150 to be inserted into and removed from the internal cavity 111 with minimal friction. The internal cavity 111 may also have a depth sufficient to cover the height of the fastener nut 150, for example, so that the fastener nut 150 is completely surrounded by the nut retainer 110 when the nut retainer assembly 100 is assembled. The internal cavity 111 may have a smooth or roughened surface depending on the manufacturing process and the desired fit of the fastener nut 150. The internal cavity 111 may have a uniform or varying cross-section depending on the shape and size of the fastener nut 150 and the nut retainer 110. The internal cavity 111 can accommodate various types and sizes of fastener nuts 150 depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 100 .

[0021] Aperture 112: The aperture 112 in the nut retainer 110 is an opening that allows the fastener 10 to enter the nut retainer 110 and engage with the fastener nut 150. The aperture 112 may be located in the center of the nut retainer 110 or may be offset from the center, depending on the design and alignment configuration of the nut retainer assembly 100. The aperture 112 may be circular or have any other suitable shape that matches the shape of the fastener 10. For example, the aperture 112 may have a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the fastener 10, which allows the fastener 10 to be inserted and removed from the aperture 112 with minimal friction. Alternatively, the aperture 112 may have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the fastener 10, which allows the fastener 10 to be pushed or snapped into the aperture 112 to create a tight fit. The aperture 112 may have a smooth or rough surface, depending on the manufacturing process and the desired friction of the fastener 10. The openings 112 may have a uniform cross-section or a varying cross-section depending on the shape and size of the fastener 10 and the nut retainer 110. The openings 112 may accommodate various types and sizes of fasteners 10 depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 100.

[0022] Threaded Retainer Connection 113: The nut retainer 110 includes a threaded retainer connection 113, which is a feature of the nut retainer 110 that allows the nut retainer assembly 100 to be coupled with the swageable base 120. In the illustrated embodiment, the threaded retainer connection 113 has internal threads that can be threaded into the external threads of the threaded base connection 123 of the swageable base 120. Alternatively, the threaded retainer connection 113 may have external threads that can be threaded into the internal threads of the threaded base connection 123 of the swageable base 120. The threaded retainer connection 113 may have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the swageable base 120, for example, to allow the fastener 10 to pass through the swageable base 120 and the nut retainer 110 without interference. The threaded retainer connection 113 may have a sufficient length to provide a firm and stable connection with the swageable base 120. The threaded retainer connection 113 may be adapted to various types and sizes of swageable bases 120 depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 100.

[0023] Anti-Rotation Surface 114: The internal cavity 111 of the nut retainer 110 may include an anti-rotation surface 114 to prevent the fastener nut 150 from rotating within the internal cavity 111. The anti-rotation surface 114 is a feature of the internal cavity 111 that prevents the fastener nut 150 from rotating when tightening or loosening the fastener 10. The anti-rotation surface 114 may have a shape that matches the shape of the fastener nut 150, such as a hexagon, square, or any other polygon. Alternatively, the anti-rotation surface 114 may have a shape that differs from the shape of the fastener nut 150 while still providing sufficient contact points to resist rotation. For example, the anti-rotation surface 114 may have a circular shape with radial protrusions or indentations that engage corners or sides of the fastener nut 150. The anti-rotation surface 114 may be formed by molding, machining, stamping, or any other suitable process. Anti-rotation surface 114 may be integral with nut retainer 110 or may be a separate component attached to or inserted into internal cavity 111. Anti-rotation surface 114 may be formed from the same material as nut retainer 110 or may be formed from another material having sufficient strength and durability. Anti-rotation surface 114 may improve the performance and reliability of nut retainer assembly 100 by ensuring that fastener nut 150 remains in place and does not loosen or damage the threads on fastener 10 or nut retainer 110.

[0024] Cap Connection 115: The nut retainer 110 may include a cap connection 115. The cap connection 115 is a feature of the nut retainer 110 that allows the nut retainer assembly 100 to be coupled to the cap 160. In one example, the cap connection 115 may be a threaded cap connection. This threaded cap connection generally has external threads that can be threaded into the internal threads of the cap 160. Alternatively, the threaded cap connection 115 may have internal threads that can be threaded into the external threads of the cap 160. The threaded cap connection 115 may have a length sufficient to provide a firm and stable connection with the cap 160. The threaded cap connection 115 may be adapted to various types and sizes of caps 160 depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 100. Alternatively, the cap connection 115 may include one or more non-threaded features that can be coupled with corresponding features of the cap 160. For example, the cap connector 115 may have one or more snap-fit ​​elements, such as hooks, tabs, pins, or sockets, that can engage complementary snap-fit ​​elements on the cap 160. Another example of a non-threaded feature is a friction fit, which involves inserting the cap connector 115 into the cap 160 with sufficient force to create a tight fit. Such a friction fit may rely on the resilience and friction of the materials of the cap connector 115 and the cap 160 to prevent separation.

[0025] Swageable Base 120: The nut retainer assembly 100 includes a swageable base 120 for mounting to a structure. The swageable base 120 is a component used to mount the nut retainer 110 to a hole in a structure. The swageable base 120 generally includes a swageable portion 121, a radial flange 122 extending outward from the swageable portion 121, and a threaded base connection portion 123 for engaging the threaded retainer connection portion 113 to connect the swageable base 120 to the nut retainer 110. The swageable base 120 can be modified or alternatively configured depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 100. For example, the swageable base 120 can have an overall shape different from that shown herein.

[0026] The swageable base 120 can be formed from any suitable swageable material, such as metal, plastic, composite, or any combination thereof. The material of the swageable base 120 can have a hardness, ductility, elasticity, and density that is compatible with the structure to which the swageable base 120 is attached and the nut retainer 110. The material of the swageable base 120 can also have corrosion resistance, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity suitable for the application and environment of the nut retainer assembly 100. The swageable base 120 can be produced by casting, forging, extrusion, machining, or any other suitable process that can create the desired shape and size of the swageable base 120. The swageable base 120 can be subjected to heat treatment, surface treatment, coating, or any other process that can improve the properties and performance of the swageable base 120.

[0027] The swageable base 120 is preferably formed from a metallic material that can provide high strength, durability, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. For example, the metallic material can be selected from one or more of titanium, tungsten carbide, tungsten, high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, and stainless steel. These metallic materials can provide the swageable base 120 with appropriate mechanical properties, such as hardness, ductility, elasticity, and density, to withstand the stresses and strains induced by the fastener 10 and the structure. The metallic material may also be selected based on compatibility with the structure and the material of the nut retainer 110, as well as the cost and availability of the metallic material. The metallic material can be processed in various ways, such as by casting, forging, extruding, machining, heat treating, surface treating, coating, or any combination thereof, to achieve the desired shape, size, and performance of the swageable base 120.

[0028] Swageable portion 121: The swageable portion 121 is a feature of the swageable base 120 that allows the swageable base 120 to be attached to a structure by deforming the material of the swageable portion 121 within a hole in the structure. The swageable portion 121 can have any suitable shape and size that can fit into a hole in the structure and provide sufficient contact area and friction to hold the swageable base 120 in place. The swageable portion 121 can be cylindrical, conical, tapered, or any other shape that can be swaged. The swageable portion 121 can have a smooth or textured surface to increase grip and prevent slippage. The swageable portion 121 can be swaged using a tool such as a swaging die, punch, press, or any other device that can apply sufficient force and pressure to deform or compress the material of the swageable portion 121. Swageable portion 121 is typically swaged prior to coupling swageable base 120 with nut retainer 110. Swageable portion 121 provides a simple and effective method of attaching nut retainer assembly 100 to a structure without the need for welding or adhesives.

[0029] Radial Flange 122: The radial flange 122 is a feature of the swageable base 120 that extends outward from the swageable portion 121. The radial flange 122 may have a generally circular shape and a diameter larger than that of the swageable portion 121. The radial flange 122 forms a transition between the swageable portion 121 and the threaded base connection portion 123 and may also form an abutment surface 124 for abutting against the nut retainer 110. Additionally, the radial flange 122 helps distribute loads and stresses from the fastener 10 to the underlying structure. Additionally, the radial flange 122 allows for proper alignment and mating of the swageable base 120 with the nut retainer 110.

[0030] Threaded Base Connection 123: The threaded base connection 123 is a feature of the swageable base 120 that allows the swageable base 120 to be coupled to the nut retainer 110. The threaded base connection 123 of this first exemplary nut retainer assembly 100 generally has external threads that can be threaded into the internal threads of the nut retainer 110. Alternatively, the threaded base connection 123 can have internal threads that can be threaded into the external threads of the nut retainer 110. The threaded base connection 123 can have a length sufficient to provide a firm and stable connection with the nut retainer 110. The threaded base connection 123 can be adapted to various types and sizes of nut retainers 110 depending on the application and requirements of the swageable base 120. The threaded base connection 123 provides a simple and effective method of connecting the swageable base 120 and the nut retainer 110.

[0031] Fastener Nut 150: The nut retainer assembly 100 may include a fastener nut 150. The fastener nut 150 is a component that can be used to secure the fastener 10. The fastener nut 150 may have a hexagonal shape or any other suitable shape that can fit into the internal cavity 111 of the nut retainer 110. The fastener nut 150 may have an internally threaded bore 151 for engaging the externally threaded shank portion 12 of the fastener 10. The fastener nut 150 may be formed of metal, plastic, or any other suitable material that can withstand the loads and stresses imposed by the fastener 10 and the structure.

[0032] Cap 160: The nut retainer assembly 100 may include a cap 160 for engaging with the cap connection portion 115. The cap 160 is a component that can be used to cover the nut retainer 110, the swageable base 120, and the fastener nut 150. The cap 160 may have any suitable shape that can fit over the nut retainer 110, the swageable base 120, and the fastener nut 150. For example, the cap 160 may have an internally threaded bore 161 for engaging the externally threaded cap connection portion 115 of the nut retainer 110. The cap 160 may be formed of metal, plastic, or any other suitable material that can protect the fastener nut 150 and the head portion 11 of the fastener 10. In a preferred embodiment, the cap 160 is constructed of a non-conductive material, such as a non-conductive transparent polymeric material, to prevent or reduce electromagnetic interference from affecting the nut retainer assembly 100. Cap 160 may also prevent or reduce corrosion, wear, or damage to fastener nut 150 and head 11 of fastener 10 due to environmental factors or mechanical forces. Cap 160 may further improve the performance and reliability of nut retainer assembly 100 by providing additional security and stability to fastener nut 150.

[0033] Blind Fastening System 1: Referring to FIG. 4, a nut retainer assembly 100 can be used to attach a fastener 10 to a structure including a first substrate and a second substrate. The fastener 10 can include a head portion 11 and a threaded shank portion 12. The head portion 11 can have any suitable shape, such as hexagonal, round, countersunk, etc. The shank portion 12 can be threaded and can have any suitable type of thread, such as coarse, fine, or metric. The fastener 10 can be formed from metal, plastic, or any other suitable material capable of providing sufficient strength and durability for its intended use.

[0034] The first substrate 20 may include a first through hole 21 sized to provide a first clearance fit for the fastener 10. A clearance fit is a fit that allows some degree of free movement between the parts. The first through hole 21 (first substrate 20?) may define a first clamping surface 22 (23?). The first clamping surface 22 (23?) may be perpendicular, parallel, or oblique to the long axis of the fastener 10. The first substrate 20 may also define a first working surface 23 (22?) that receives the fastener 10. The first working surface 23 (22?) may be, for example, opposite the first clamping surface 22. The first substrate 20 may be formed of metal, plastic, or any other suitable material capable of withstanding the loads and stresses applied by the fastener 10 and nut retainer assembly 100. The first substrate 20 may have any thickness, shape, and size suitable for the intended application.

[0035] The second substrate 30 may include a second through hole 31 sized to provide a second clearance fit for the fastener 10. The second through hole 31 (second substrate 30?) may define a second clamping surface 32 (33?) facing toward the first clamping surface 22 (23?). The second clamping surface 32 (33?) may be perpendicular, parallel, or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the fastener 10. The second substrate 30 may also define a second working surface 33 (32?) that receives the fastener 10. The second working surface 33 (32?) is, for example, opposite the second clamping surface 32 (33?). The second substrate 30 may be formed of metal, plastic, or any other suitable material capable of withstanding the loads and stresses applied by the fastener 10 and nut retainer assembly 100. The second substrate 30 may have any thickness, shape, and size suitable for the intended application.

[0036] The nut retainer assembly 100 may include a fastener nut 150 (FIGS. 1-3) for placement over the first through hole 21 in the first clamping surface 22 (first working surface 22?) of the first substrate 20. The fastener nut 150 may include a threaded bore 151 (FIGS. 1-3) for engaging the shank portion 12 of the fastener 10. The fastener nut 150 may have any suitable shape, such as hexagonal, round, or square. The fastener nut 150 may have any suitable type of thread that matches the thread type of the fastener 10, such as coarse, fine, or metric. The fastener nut 150 may be formed of metal, plastic, or any other suitable material that provides sufficient strength and durability for its intended use.

[0037] As best shown in FIGS. 1-3 , the nut retainer assembly 100 may include a nut retainer 110, a swageable base 120, and a cap 160, as described above. The nut retainer assembly 100 may be used to attach the fastener 10 to a structure as follows. First, for example, the swageable base 120 is deformed by applying a radial force, causing the swageable portion 121 to expand and lock onto the first substrate 20 around the first through hole 21, thereby securing the nut retainer assembly 100 to the first substrate 20. Next, for example, the nut retainer 110 is coupled to the swageable base 120 with the fastener nut 150 disposed within the nut retainer 110. Next, for example, the first substrate 20 is positioned relative to the second substrate 30 so that the first through hole 21 of the first substrate 20 and the second through hole 31 of the second substrate 30 are aligned. The nut retainer assembly 100 may be positioned relative to other components to make it difficult to access. The fastener 10 is inserted, for example, through the second through-hole 31 of the second substrate 30, with the head portion 11 supported against the second clamping surface 32 (second operating surface 32?). The fastener 10 is then inserted, for example, through the first through-hole 21 of the first substrate 20, with the threaded shank portion 12 extending beyond the first clamping surface 22 (first operating surface 22?) and the threaded bore 151 aligned with the threaded shank portion 12 of the fastener 10. The fastener nut 150 is then engaged with the threaded shank portion 12 of the fastener 10, for example, by rotating the fastener nut 150 clockwise, to achieve the desired torque. Once sufficient force is achieved, the fastener nut 50 is subjected to a compressive load until the fastener 10 reaches its final torque. Finally, the cap 160 is engaged with the cap connection portion 115 of the nut retainer 110, for example by rotating the cap 160, to achieve the desired torque, thereby fixing the cap 160 to the nut retainer 110 and covering the fastener nut 150 and the head portion 11 of the fastener 10, thereby providing protection from electromagnetic influences, etc.As described above, the nut retainer assembly 100 can be used to securely attach the fastener 10 to a structure including the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 without requiring access to the second working surface 33 of the second substrate 30. This makes the nut retainer assembly 100 suitable for applications where access to the second working surface 33 (second clamping surface 33) of the second substrate 30 is impossible or difficult, such as when the second substrate 30 is a blind or closure member. The nut retainer assembly 100 also offers several advantages over conventional methods of attaching fasteners to structures, including improved strength, durability, reliability, simplicity, and versatility.

[0038] Nut Retainer Assembly 200: Figures 5-8 herein show a second embodiment of a nut retainer assembly that can be used to install a fastener in a structure. Figures 5-8 show various views of this nut retainer assembly. Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the nut retainer assembly. Figure 6 is a perspective view of what the nut retainer assembly looks like when assembled. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly when used to secure a blind fastener in a structure.

[0039] 5-8, a second embodiment illustrates a modified nut retainer assembly 200 that can be used to attach a fastener to a structure having a different threading configuration. This second exemplary nut retainer assembly 200 includes the same components as the first embodiment, namely, a nut retainer 210, a swageable base 220, a fastener nut 250, and a cap 260. However, in the second embodiment, the threads on nut retainer 210 and swageable base 220 are reversed, with nut retainer 210 having external threads and swageable base 220 having internal threads. This allows nut retainer 210 to be coupled to swageable base 220 by threading nut retainer 210 into swageable base 220, rather than sliding nut retainer 110 over swageable base 220 as in the first embodiment.

[0040] Nut Retainer 210: Nut retainer 210 is similar to nut retainer 110 described in the first embodiment, except that it has external threads instead of internal threads. Nut retainer 210 serves as a housing for fastener nut 250 and a connecting element for swageable base 220. Nut retainer 210 has several features to achieve its function, including internal cavity 111, opening 112, threaded retainer connection portion 213, and anti-rotation surface 214. Nut retainer 210 has internal cavity 211 to receive fastener nut 250 therein. Nut retainer 210 also has opening 212 at one end of internal cavity 211 through which the shank of a fastener can pass. Nut retainer 210 further includes a threaded retainer connection 213, which in this example includes external threads, at the open end of internal cavity 211. Threaded retainer connection 213 mates with corresponding internal threads on swageable base 220 to form a rigid connection between nut retainer 210 and swageable base 220. Nut retainer 210 also includes an anti-rotation surface 214 on its outer surface, which prevents nut retainer 210 from rotating relative to the structure when the fastener is tightened.

[0041] Swageable Base 220: The swageable base 220 is similar to the swageable base 120 described in the first embodiment, except that it has female threads instead of male threads. The swageable base 220 serves as a support element for the nut retainer 210 and a connecting element for the structure. The swageable base 220 has several features to achieve its function, such as a swageable portion 221, a radial flange 222, and a threaded base connecting portion 223. The swageable base 220 has the swageable portion 221, which is inserted into an opening in the structure and swaged to create a tight fit with the structure. The swageable base 220 also has a radial flange 222, which extends outward from the swageable portion 221 and contacts the surface of the structure. The radial flange 222 provides stability and rigidity to the swageable base 220. Swageable base 220 further includes a threaded base connection 223, which in this example has female threads, at the end opposite radial flange 222. Threaded base connection 223 mates with corresponding male threads on nut retainer 210 to form a rigid connection between swageable base 220 and nut retainer 210. Radial flange 222 also includes, for example, abutment surface 224, which faces away from the structure and serves as a stop for nut retainer 210 when nut retainer 210 is threaded onto swageable base 220.

[0042] Cap Connection 225: The cap connection 225 of the second embodiment is similar to the cap connection 115 described in the first embodiment, except that the cap connection 225 is located on the exterior of the swageable base 220, whereas the cap connection 115 is located on the exterior of the nut retainer 110. The cap connection 225 is a part of the swageable base 220 that is located on the radially outer surface of the swageable base 220. The cap connection 225 is a feature of the swageable base 220 that allows the swageable base 220 to be connected to the cap 260. In one example, the cap connection 225 can be a threaded cap connection. This threaded cap connection generally has external threads that can be threaded into the internal threads of the cap 260. Alternatively, the threaded cap connection 225 can have internal threads that can be threaded into the external threads of the cap 260. The threaded cap connection 225 may have a sufficient length to provide a firm and stable connection with the cap 260. The threaded cap connection 225 may be adapted to various types and sizes of caps 260 depending on the application and requirements of the nut retainer assembly 200. Alternatively, the cap connection 225 may include one or more non-threaded features that can interface with corresponding features on the cap 260. For example, the cap connection 225 may have one or more snap-fit ​​elements, such as hooks, tabs, pins, or sockets, that can engage with complementary snap-fit ​​elements on the cap 260. Another example of a non-threaded feature is a friction fit, which involves inserting the cap connection 225 into the cap with sufficient force to create a tight fit. Such a friction fit may rely on the resilience and friction of the materials of the cap connection 225 and the cap 260 to prevent separation.

[0043] Blind fastening system 2: The blind fastening system 2 is similar to the blind fastening system 1 (FIG. 4) described above, except that it includes a nut retainer assembly 200 instead of the nut retainer assembly 100. The blind fastening system 2 includes a fastener 10, a first substrate 20, a second substrate 30, and the nut retainer assembly 200. The fastener 10 has a shank portion 12 and a head portion 11. The shank portion 12 passes through a first through hole 21 in the first substrate 20 and a second through hole 31 in the second substrate 30. The head portion 11 has a larger diameter than the shank portion 12, and abuts against a first clamping surface 22 (first acting surface 22≈) of the first substrate 20.

[0044] The first substrate 20 has a first through hole 21, a first clamping surface 22 (23?), and a first working surface 23 (22?). The first through hole 21 allows the shank portion 12 of the fastener 10 to be inserted through the first substrate 20. The first clamping surface 22 (first working surface 22?) faces toward the nut retainer assembly 200 and contacts the nut retainer assembly 200 when the fastener 10 is tightened. The first working surface 23 (first clamping surface 23?) faces away from the first clamping surface 22 (first working surface 22?) and is located opposite the nut retainer assembly 200.

[0045] The second substrate 30 has a second through hole 31, a second clamping surface 32 (33?), and a second working surface 33 (32?). The second through hole 31 allows the shank portion 12 of the fastener 10 to be inserted through the second substrate 30. The second clamping surface 32 (second working surface 32?) faces toward the head portion 11 of the fastener 10 and comes into contact with the head portion 11 when the fastener 10 is tightened. The second working surface 33 (second clamping surface 33?) faces away from the second clamping surface 32 (second working surface 32?) and is located opposite the head portion 11 of the fastener 10.

[0046] As best shown in FIGS. 5-7 , the nut retainer assembly 200 includes a swageable base 220, a nut retainer 210, and a nut 240. The swageable base 220 is inserted into an opening in the first substrate 20 ( FIG. 8 ) and swaged to create a tight fit with the first substrate 20. The swageable base 220 includes a swageable portion 221, a radial flange 222, a threaded base connection portion 223, and a cap connection portion 225. The swageable portion 221 is swaged to the first substrate 20. The radial flange 222 extends outward from the swageable portion 221 and contacts the first clamping surface 22 (first working surface 22⅛) of the first substrate 20. The threaded base connection portion 223 has internal threads that mate with the external threads of the nut retainer 210. The cap connector 225 has external threads that mate with the internal threads of the cap 260 .

[0047] Nut Retainer Assembly 300: Figures 9-12 herein show a third embodiment of a nut retainer assembly that can be used to attach a fastener to a structure. Figures 9-12 show various views of this nut retainer assembly. Figure 9 is an exploded perspective view of the nut retainer assembly. Figure 10 is a perspective view of what the nut retainer assembly looks like when assembled. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly. Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the nut retainer assembly when used to secure a blind fastener to a structure.

[0048] Nut retainer assembly 300 is similar to nut retainer assembly 200, except that instead of having a single swageable base 220, nut retainer assembly 300 includes a swageable base assembly 320, which is comprised of a first base piece 330 including a swageable portion 321 and a radial flange 322, and a second base piece 340 including a threaded base connection portion 323, with first base piece 330 including a first threaded component connection portion 331 for connection to second threaded component connection portion 341 of second base piece 340. An advantage of this configuration is that first base piece 330 can be inserted and swaged into an opening in second substrate 30 before second base piece 340 is attached, thereby facilitating the swaging process by avoiding the need for second base piece 340 to be initially present. Second base piece 340 can then be screwed onto first base piece 330. Nut retainer assembly 300 also includes a nut retainer 310, a fastener nut 350, and a cap 360, which are similar to those of nut retainer assembly 200. Nut retainer 310 has external threads that mate with the internal threads of second base part 340 and internal threads that interlock with the threads of fastener nut 350. Cap 360 has internal threads that interlock with the external threads of second base part 340. As shown in FIG. 12 , nut retainer assembly 300 can be used to attach a blind fastener to a structure in a manner similar to nut retainer assembly 200.

[0049] 13, the present specification provides a method 400 for installing a nut retainer assembly in a blind fastening system, the method is designed to simplify the process of fastening parts in hard-to-reach locations, and utilizes the unique features of the claimed nut retainer assembly to achieve a reliable and durable connection.

[0050] Pre-Drilling First Through Hole 402: If necessary, pre-drill a first through hole in the first substrate at the predetermined location where the nut retainer assembly will be attached. This step ensures that the first substrate has an appropriate opening to receive the swageable portion and allows the nut retainer assembly to be aligned with the second substrate. The diameter of the first through hole should be slightly larger than the diameter of the swageable portion to allow for insertion and expansion of the swageable portion. This pre-drilling can be done using conventional drilling techniques and methods. Alternatively, the first through hole can be pre-formed in the first substrate.

[0051] Positioning Swageable Portion 404: The method includes positioning the swageable portion 121, 221, 321 of the nut retainer assembly 100, 200, 300 within the first through-hole 21 of the first substrate 20. This positioning allows the swageable portion to be precisely aligned with the through-hole to facilitate the subsequent swaging process. A fastener nut 150, 250, 350 is pre-positioned within the internal cavity of the nut retainer assembly.

[0052] Swaging Connection of Swageable Section 406: After the swageable section is aligned and positioned, it is swaged into the first through-hole. This involves using a suitable tool or method to deform and expand the swageable section to fit tightly into the structure of the first substrate, thereby locking the assembly in place without requiring rear access.

[0053] Insert Fastener 408: After the swageable base is thus securely attached, fastener 10 is inserted through second through-hole 31 in second substrate 30 and into the nut retainer assembly via openings 112, 212, 312. This step involves aligning the fastener with the internal threads of the fastener nut housed within the nut retainer assembly.

[0054] Engagement of fasteners 410: Next, the fastener is threaded onto the fastener nut. This is done by turning the fastener so that it engages the threads of the fastener nut, securing the two substrates together with the nut retainer assembly clamped between them. This engagement must be done to a specific torque to ensure a tight connection with no gaps.

[0055] Engage Anti-Rotation Surfaces 412: This step involves engaging the anti-rotation surfaces 114, 214, 314 of the nut retainer assembly with the fastener nut. The anti-rotation surfaces prevent the nut from rotating during the tightening process, maintaining the integrity of the connection during and after installation.

[0056] Connect Cap 414: This step involves connecting the cap 160, 260, 360 to the nut retainer assembly. The cap is preferably made of a non-conductive or transparent polymer material and threads onto the external threads of the cap connection 115, 225, 325. The cap not only protects the assembly from environmental factors, but also helps to insulate the assembly from electrical and thermal influences.

[0057] The method facilitates robust and efficient fastener installation in hard-to-access applications and leverages the unique design of the nut retainer assembly to improve reliability and ease of use.

[0058] Examples of the subject matter disclosed herein may be described with reference to an aircraft manufacturing and service method 1100 shown in FIG. 14 and with reference to an aircraft 1102 shown in FIG. 15 . Before production begins, the example method 1100 includes specification and design of the aircraft 1102 (block 1104) and material procurement (block 1106). During production, component and subassembly manufacturing (block 1108) and system integration (block 1110) of the aircraft 1102 occurs. The aircraft 1102 then undergoes certification and delivery (block 1112) and enters service (block 1114). During the service period, the aircraft 1102 undergoes a scheduled period of routine maintenance and maintenance (block 1116). The routine maintenance and maintenance may include upgrading, reconfiguring, modifying, etc., one or more systems of the aircraft 1102.

[0059] The steps of example method 1100 may be performed or implemented by a system integrator, a third party, and / or an operator (e.g., a customer). System integrators include, but are not limited to, any number of aircraft manufacturers and major system subcontractors. Third parties include, but are not limited to, any number of vendors, subcontractors, and suppliers. Operators include, but are not limited to, airlines, leasing companies, military entities, service organizations, and the like.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 15 , an aircraft 1102 produced by exemplary method 1100 may include an airframe 1118 with a number of high-level systems 1120 and an interior 1122. Examples of high-level systems 1120 include one or more of a propulsion system 1124, an electrical system 1126, a hydraulic system 1128, and an environmental system 1130. Any number of other systems may also be included. Additionally, while described with reference to the aerospace industry, the principles disclosed herein may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry. Thus, in addition to the aircraft 1102, the principles disclosed herein may be applied to other vehicles, such as land vehicles, watercraft, and spacecraft.

[0061] The apparatus and methods shown or described herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages in manufacturing and in-service method 1100. For example, the parts or subassemblies corresponding to manufacturing of parts and subassemblies (block 1108) may be similarly manufactured or produced as parts or subassemblies produced while the aircraft 1102 is in service (block 1114). Also, one or more embodiments of the apparatus, method, or combination thereof may be used, for example, during the manufacturing stages (blocks 1108 and 1110), to substantially speed up or reduce the cost of assembling the aircraft 1102. Similarly, one or more embodiments of the apparatus, method, or combination thereof may be used, for example, without limitation, during in-service operation of the aircraft 1102 (block 1114) and / or during maintenance and service (block 1116).

[0062] While various embodiments of the nut retainer assembly, blind fastening system, and fastening method of the present disclosure have been shown and described, modifications will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification, and the present application includes all such modifications and is limited only by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. 1. A nut retainer assembly for a blind fastener system, comprising: a nut retainer aligned along the longitudinal axis, the nut retainer including: i) an internal cavity for securely holding a fastener nut; ii) an opening for receiving the fastener; and iii) a threaded retainer connection; The nut retainer assembly further includes a swageable base or swageable base assembly aligned along the longitudinal axis and including: i) a swageable portion; ii) a radial flange extending outwardly from the swageable portion; and iii) a threaded base connection for engaging the threaded retainer connection.

2. The nut retainer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the nut retainer comprises a metallic material.

3. The nut retainer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the nut retainer comprises at least one of titanium, tungsten carbide, tungsten, high strength corrosion resistant steel, and stainless steel.

4. The nut retainer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the internal cavity of the nut retainer includes an anti-rotation surface.

5. The nut retainer assembly of claim 4 further comprising the fastener nut disposed in the internal cavity and engaging the anti-rotation surface.

6. The nut retainer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the nut retainer includes a threaded cap connection.

7. The nut retainer assembly of claim 6 further comprising a cap that threadably engages the threaded cap connection.

8. The nut retainer assembly of claim 7 , wherein the cap is constructed from a non-conductive material.

9. The nut retainer assembly of claim 7 , wherein the cap is constructed from a non-conductive transparent polymeric material.

10. 2. The nut retainer assembly of claim 1, wherein the swageable base or swageable base assembly includes: i) a first base component including the swageable portion and the radial flange; and ii) a second base component including the threaded base connection portion, the first base component including a first threaded component connection portion for connecting to a second threaded component connection portion of the second base component.

11. The nut retainer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the swageable base includes a threaded cap connection.

12. The nut retainer assembly of claim 11 further comprising a cap that threadably engages the threaded cap connection.

13. A blind fastening system, a fastener including a head portion and a threaded shank portion; a first substrate including a first throughbore sized to provide a first clearance fit for the fastener and defining a first clamping surface for receiving the fastener, the first substrate defining a first working surface; the blind fastening system further includes a second substrate including a second through hole sized to provide a second clearance fit for the fastener and defining a second clamping surface facing the first clamping surface, the second substrate further defining a second working surface for receiving the fastener; the blind fastening system includes a fastener nut including a threaded bore for placement over the first through hole in the first working surface of the first substrate; a nut retainer assembly configured to hold the fastener nut on the first working surface of the first base plate, the nut retainer assembly including a swageable portion for swaging into the first through hole of the first base plate; a blind fastening system, wherein, with the fastener nut disposed within the nut retainer assembly, the first through hole of the first base plate, the second through hole of the second base plate, and the threaded bore of the fastener nut enable insertion of the fastener and threaded engagement of the threaded shank portion of the fastener with the threaded bore of the fastener nut.

14. The blind fastening system of claim 13 further comprising an anti-rotation surface that engages the fastener nut on the nut retainer assembly.

15. The blind fastening system of claim 13 further comprising a cap that threadably engages the nut retainer assembly.

16. 16. The blind fastening system of claim 15, wherein the cap is constructed from a non-conductive material.

17. 16. The blind fastening system of claim 15, wherein the cap is constructed from a non-conductive transparent polymeric material.

18. a swageable portion of a nut retainer assembly disposed within the first through-hole of the first base plate, the fastener nut being disposed within the nut retainer assembly; swaging the swageable portion into the first through hole; Inserting a fastener through the first through hole and into the nut retainer assembly; The fastener is threadedly engaged with the fastener nut disposed within the nut retainer assembly.

19. 20. The fastening method of claim 18, further comprising pre-drilling the first through-hole in the first substrate at a predetermined location for mounting the nut retainer assembly.

20. The fastening method of claim 18, further comprising engaging an anti-rotation surface of the nut retainer assembly with the fastener nut.

21. The fastening method of claim 18 further comprising coupling a cap to the nut retainer assembly.

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