Skeleton joining structure and method

Abstract

To provide a skeleton joining structure and method capable of properly joining wood surface materials to steel beams and other skeletons using connecting members that replace small-diameter studs.SOLUTION: The skeleton joining structure includes: a skeleton (2) that is a long steel material to which plate-shaped joining materials (3) are fixed; a wood surface material (4) in which a slit (5) is formed through the plate thickness direction at the position corresponding to joining materials (3); and an adhesive material (6) filled in a slit (5) with the joining materials (3) inserted into the slit (5).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure and method for joining a skeleton, and more particularly to a composite beam structure in which a wooden surface material is joined to a steel beam, which is a long steel material, and a construction method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a technology called composite beams, which connect steel beams and reinforced concrete floors using a connecting member called a shear key (mechanical shear stop). This technology is very efficient because the steel beams resist tension forces and the reinforced concrete slab resists compression forces.

[0003] In recent years, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has been attracting attention as a building material, and as disclosed in JP 2019-027198 A (Patent Document 1), there are also composite beams made by joining steel beams and cross-laminated timber. Cross-laminated timber is a wood surface material made by arranging sawn boards with their grain directions parallel to each other and then laminating and gluing them together so that the grain directions are perpendicular to each other, and is lightweight and has excellent strength. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-027198 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] As shown in Patent Document 1, the joint members (shear keys) used in composite beams are composed of cylindrical studs. Specifically, a composite beam is formed by inserting a large number of cylindrical studs welded to a steel beam into through holes formed in a wooden panel, and then filling the through holes with resin (adhesive) and allowing it to harden. The welding of the large number of studs is generally performed on-site.

[0006] However, studs are small in diameter, and welding them to steel beams at a constant pitch requires skilled techniques. Given concerns about a shortage of skilled workers in the near future, it is irrational to use studs as joining materials.

[0007] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to properly join wood paneling to structural parts such as steel beams using joining members that replace small-diameter studs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A joining structure for a body part according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a body part which is a long steel material and to which a plate-shaped joining member is fixed, a wooden panel having a slit penetrating in the thickness direction of the board at a position corresponding to the joining member, and an adhesive material filled into the slit with the joining member fitted into the slit.

[0009] Preferably, the joining member has at least one through-hole penetrating in the thickness direction.

[0010] Preferably, the joint members are arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the body portion.

[0011] Alternatively, the joint members may be arranged so as to intersect the longitudinal direction of the body portion. In this case, the slit may be provided across two wooden panel members that are butted together at the center of the width of the body portion.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of the connecting members are provided along the longitudinal direction of the body portion. In this case, the arrangement pitch of the connecting members at the longitudinal end portions of the body portion may be smaller than the arrangement pitch of the connecting members at the longitudinal center portion of the body portion.

[0013] A method for joining body parts according to another aspect of the present invention includes a fixing step of fixing a plate-shaped joining member to the body part, which is a long steel material; a drilling step of drilling a slit through the wood panel material in the thickness direction at a position corresponding to the joining member; an attachment step of fitting the joining member into the slit and attaching the wood panel material to the body part; and an adhesive step of filling the slit with an adhesive material and integrating the body part and the wood panel material via the joining member. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, by using a plate-shaped joining member, it is possible to properly join wood panels to steel frameworks without using small-diameter studs. Furthermore, compared to joining methods using small-diameter studs, workability is improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a composite beam according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a side view of a steel beam according to an embodiment of the present invention, and schematically shows an example of the arrangement of steel plates (plate-shaped joint members). [Figure 3] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a steel beam according to an embodiment of the present invention, and schematically illustrates a fixing structure of steel plates (plate-shaped joint members). [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of the shape of a steel plate. [Figure 5] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wood panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a wood panel having slits. [Figure 6] 1 is a plan view (top view) of a wood panel material according to an embodiment of the present invention, and schematically shows an example of the arrangement of slits. [Figure 7] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a construction procedure for a composite beam according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a construction procedure for a composite beam according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9]FIG. 10 is a side view of a steel beam in the embodiment of the present invention, and schematically shows another example of the arrangement of steel plates (plate-shaped joint members). [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a steel beam in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, schematically showing yet another example of arrangement of steel plates (plate-shaped joint members). [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a steel beam in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, schematically showing yet another example of arrangement of steel plates (plate-shaped joint members). [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically illustrating the structure of a known composite beam. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a known method for constructing a composite beam. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a known method for constructing a composite beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

[0017] In this embodiment, a "composite beam" structure (joint structure of steel beams) in which wooden surface materials are joined to steel beams will be described.

[0018] Before proceeding to a detailed description of the composite beam according to this embodiment, a known composite beam using wooden paneling will be briefly described with reference to Figures 12 to 14. In these figures, the longitudinal direction of the steel beam is indicated by arrow A1, and the width direction of the steel beam (the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is indicated by arrow A2. This also applies to the other figures.

[0019] As shown in Figure 12, a known composite beam 100 includes a steel beam 120 to which numerous small-diameter studs 130 are welded and fixed, and a wooden panel 140 with numerous round holes 150. The steel beam 120 is an H-shaped steel having an upper flange 121, a lower flange 122, and a web 123 extending in the vertical direction between the upper flange 121 and the lower flange 122. The stud 130 is spot-welded to the upper surface (joint surface) of the upper flange 121 so as to protrude upward from the upper flange 121.

[0020] When constructing the composite beam 100, as shown in Figure 13, the studs 130 protruding upward from the upper flange 121 are inserted into the round holes 150, and the wooden panel 140 is placed on the upper flange 121. In this state, as shown in Figure 14, resin 160 is filled into the round holes 150 and the resin 160 is allowed to harden. This completes the composite beam 100.

[0021] In such a known composite beam 100, in order for the small-diameter studs 130 to function properly as force transmission members, the studs 130 must be welded to the upper flange 121 at a fine pitch along the longitudinal direction (and also in the width direction) of the steel beam 120. This not only requires a lot of work for welding, but also poses the problem of difficulty in aligning the studs 130 with the round holes 150 when attaching the wood panel 140 to the steel beam 120.

[0022] Therefore, the present embodiment is mainly characterized in that steel plates (plate-shaped connecting members) are used as connecting members for the composite beam instead of cylindrical studs.

[0023] <Outline of composite beam structure> The schematic configuration of a composite beam 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view that schematically shows the structure of the composite beam 1 (the joint structure of steel beams 2).

[0024] The composite beam 1 comprises a steel beam 2 to which a steel plate 3 is fixed, a wooden panel 4 having a slit 5 formed at a position corresponding to the steel plate 3, and an adhesive material 6 filled in the slit 5 with the steel plate 3 fitted in the slit 5.

[0025] The steel beam 2 is an H-shaped steel beam having an upper flange 21, a lower flange 22, and a web 23 extending vertically between the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22. The wooden panel 4 is typically a cross-laminated timber board. The wooden panel 4 forms the floorboards of a building such as an office. The overall thickness L11 (Fig. 5) of the wooden panel 4 is, for example, approximately 100 mm to 300 mm.

[0026] <About steel sheets> The steel plate 3 will be described with reference to Figs. 2 to 4. Fig. 2 is a side view of a steel beam 2, and schematically shows an example of the arrangement of the steel plate 3. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the steel beam 2 cut along line III-III in Fig. 2, and schematically shows the fixing structure of the steel plate 3. Fig. 4(A) is a plan view showing an example of the shape of the steel plate 3.

[0027] The steel plate 3 is a plate-shaped joining member having a predetermined thickness (T2). The steel plate 3 is typically formed in a rectangular shape when viewed from above. The thickness dimension T2 of the steel plate 3 is within the range of 5 mm to 20 mm. The thickness dimension T2 is preferably equal to the diameter of the stud 130, and is preferably within the range of 10 mm to 15 mm, for example.

[0028] In this embodiment, the steel plate 3 is placed in the widthwise center of the upper flange 21 and fixed in an orientation that is approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the steel beam 2 (hereinafter referred to as "parallel state"). In other words, the steel plate 3 is placed directly above the web 23 and along the extension direction of the web 23. The steel plate 3 is fixed by fillet welding its lower end to the upper flange 21. In Figure 3, the protrusion portion (weld portion) F formed by fillet welding is shown in an exaggerated manner.

[0029] The vertical dimension L1 of the steel plate 3 (the dimension of protrusion from the top surface of the upper flange 21) is less than the thickness dimension L11 (FIG. 5) of the wooden surface material 4, and is, for example, about 80 mm to 120 mm.

[0030] The horizontal dimension L2 of the steel plate 3 shown in Figure 4(A) is preferably within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 times the vertical dimension L1. The steel plate 3 in this embodiment has a substantially square shape in a plan view, and the vertical dimension L1 and the horizontal dimension L2 are substantially equal. As an example, the vertical dimension L1 and the horizontal dimension L2 are approximately 100 mm. It is expected that the horizontal dimension L2 of the steel plate 3 is within the range of 3.0 to 10.0 times the plate thickness dimension T2.

[0031] As shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of steel plates 3 are arranged at a constant pitch P1 in the longitudinal direction of the steel beam 2. The distance D between two adjacent steel plates 3 in the longitudinal direction of the steel beam 2 is, for example, larger than the horizontal dimension L2 of the steel plates 3. The distance D is 5.0 times or less the horizontal dimension L2, and is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 times the horizontal dimension L2. The distance D is, for example, 200 to 300 mm.

[0032] <About the slits> The slits 5 provided in the wooden panel 4 will be described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the wooden panel 4 having the slits 5. Figure 6 is a plan view (top view) of the wooden panel 4 having the slits 5.

[0033] The slits 5 are long holes that penetrate straight through the wooden panel 4 in the thickness direction. As shown in Figure 6, when the wooden panel 4 is viewed from above, multiple slits 5 are provided at a constant pitch P1. The alignment direction of the slits 5 coincides with the longitudinal direction (A1) of the steel beam 2. The arrangement pitch P1 of the slits 5 is the same as the arrangement pitch P1 of the steel plates 3. The longitudinal direction of the slits 5 coincides with the alignment direction of the slits 5 (the longitudinal direction of the steel beam 2).

[0034] The width L12 of the slit 5 is (slightly) larger than the plate thickness dimension T2 of the steel plate 3. The length L13 of the slit 5 is (slightly) larger than the lateral dimension L2 of the steel plate 3. It is expected that the length L13 of the slit 5 is within the range of 3.0 to 10.0 times the width L12.

[0035] <Construction method of composite beams> A method for constructing a composite beam 1 (a method for joining steel beams 2) in this embodiment will be described with further reference to Figures 7 and 8. Figures 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views that schematically show the procedure for constructing a composite beam 1.

[0036] The construction method for composite beam 1 includes a "fixing process" for fixing steel plate 3 to steel beam 2, a "drilling process" for drilling slits 5 in wooden surface material 4, an "attaching process" for attaching wooden surface material 4 to steel beam 2, and an "adhesion process" for integrating steel beam 2 and wooden surface material 4 with adhesive material 6. The order of the fixing process and drilling process may be reversed, or they may be performed in parallel.

[0037] The fixing and drilling steps are typically carried out in a factory, whereas on-site, the steel beams 2 with the steel plates 3 fixed thereto and the wooden panels 4 with the slits 5 are prepared, followed by the attachment and bonding steps in this order.

[0038] In the fixing process, as described above, the plurality of steel plates 3 are fillet welded to the upper flange 21. Because fillet welding is easier than spot welding, the fixing work of the steel plates 3 can be performed more easily than the fixing work of the studs 130. As a result, the steel plates 3 can be fixed to the steel beam 2 with high precision.

[0039] Furthermore, because the steel plates 3 have higher rigidity than the studs 130, the arrangement pitch P1 of the steel plates 3 shown in Fig. 2 can be made larger than the arrangement pitch (Fig. 12) of the studs 130. This makes it possible to reduce the number of steel plates 3 required for one steel beam 2 compared to the number of studs 130, thereby significantly reducing the time required to fasten the steel plates 3.

[0040] Furthermore, by completing the welding work of the steel plates 3 at the factory, the construction of the composite beam 1 can be carried out smoothly at the site without being affected by the weather. Note that, in consideration of the transportation efficiency of the steel beams 2, the fixing process may also be carried out on site.

[0041] In the installation process, as shown in FIG. 7, first, the steel beam 2 is installed with the steel plate 3 facing upward. The steel beam 2 is installed in a grid pattern in a plan view (not shown). After the steel beam 2 is installed, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the wooden panel 4 is lifted above the steel beam 2, the position of the slit 5 is aligned with the position of the steel plate 3, and the steel plate 3 is fitted into the slit 5. In this way, the wooden panel 4 is installed on the steel beam 2. In the installed state, the upper surface of the upper flange 21 of the steel beam 2 and the lower surface of the wooden panel 4 are in surface contact. The wooden panel 4 is supported from below (temporarily placed) by multiple steel beams 2.

[0042] In the bonding process, with the wooden panel 4 attached to the steel beam 2, adhesive material 6 (Fig. 1) is filled into the slits 5. The adhesive material 6 is typically a thermosetting resin (epoxy resin). When the resin hardens, the steel plate 3 and the wooden panel 4 are strongly bonded, so that the steel beam 2 and the wooden panel 4 are integrated. In this way, the composite beam 1 shown in Fig. 1 is completed.

[0043] As explained above, the composite beam 1 according to this embodiment employs steel plates 3 as connecting members, and therefore can be constructed more easily than the known composite beam 100. Furthermore, even though the number of studs is less than that of the studs 130, the strength of the composite beam 1 can be improved (deflection of the steel beam 2 can be suppressed).

[0044] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the steel plates 3 are aligned in a parallel state, and therefore the cross-sectional modulus of the horizontal shear stress is larger than in a configuration in which the steel plates 3 are arranged in a direction that intersects (perpendicular to) the steel beam 2 (hereinafter referred to as the "intersecting state") (see Figure 11 described below), thereby effectively improving the strength of the composite beam 1.

[0045] <Other steel plate configuration examples> In this embodiment, an example has been shown in which the steel plate 3 is a flat plate without any holes, but it is also desirable that the steel plate 3 has at least one through hole 30 penetrating through the plate in the thickness direction, as shown in Figures 4(B) and (C). Figure 4(B) shows a steel plate 3A having a plurality of relatively small through holes 30, and Figure 4(C) shows a steel plate 3B having one relatively large through hole 30.

[0046] When such steel plates 3A (3B) are used as joining members, the adhesive material 6 is also filled into the through holes 30. When installed, the hardened resin catches on the inner periphery of the through holes 30, so by using the steel plates 3A (3B), it becomes possible to resist warping (lifting) of the wooden surface material 4. As a result, the bearing capacity of the composite beam 1 can be maintained for a long period of time.

[0047] In addition, when a large through hole 30 is provided in the center as in steel plate 3B in Figure 4(C), the through hole 30 can also be used as a hanging hole for hanging a hook when lifting the steel beam 2 with a crane or the like.

[0048] <Other examples of steel plate arrangement> (1) In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the steel plates 3 are arranged at a constant pitch P1, but the arrangement pitch of the steel plates 3 does not have to be constant.

[0049] 9, the arrangement pitch P2 of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal end portions 2a of the steel beam 2 may be smaller than the arrangement pitch P3 of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal center portion 2b of the steel beam 2. In other words, the density of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal end portions 2a of the steel beam 2 may be larger than the density of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal center portion 2b of the steel beam 2.

[0050] In this case, the joint strength between the steel beam 2 and the wooden surface material 4 at its longitudinal end 2a can be made higher than the joint strength between the steel beam 2 and the wooden surface material 4 at its longitudinal center 2b, thereby preventing warping (lifting) that tends to occur at the end 4a of the wooden surface material 4 as shown by the imaginary line in Figure 9.

[0051] (2) In this embodiment, an example has been shown in which the steel plates 3 are arranged in a row in the center of the width direction of the steel beam 2 (on the extension line of the web 23), but the steel plates 3 may also be arranged in two rows (multiple rows). In other words, the steel plates 3 may be arranged on both the left and right sides of the web 23. When the steel plates 3 are arranged in two rows, the steel plates 3 are not limited to being aligned in a matrix along the longitudinal and width directions of the steel beam 2, and the steel plates 3 may also be arranged in a staggered pattern.

[0052] This structure in which the steel plates 3 are arranged in two rows is particularly effective when two wooden panel materials 41, 42 are joined together at the center of the steel beam 2 in the width direction, as shown in FIG.

[0053] In addition, in order to increase the density of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal end 2a (Figure 9) of the steel beam 2 and the density of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal center 2b (Figure 9) of the steel beam 2, the steel plates 3 may be arranged in a single row at the longitudinal center 2b of the steel beam 2 and in two rows at the longitudinal end 2a of the steel beam 2.

[0054] (3) When two wooden panel materials 41, 42 are joined at the widthwise center of the steel beam 2, as shown in Fig. 11, a steel plate 3 may be placed at the widthwise center of the steel beam 2 so as to intersect (orthogonally cross) the longitudinal direction of the steel beam 2, and the two wooden panel materials 41, 42 and the steel beam 2 may be joined via one steel plate 3. A slit 5 extending along the widthwise direction of the steel beam 2 is provided across the two wooden panel materials 41, 42. The notch 51 in one wooden panel material 41 and the notch 52 in the other wooden panel material 42 form the slit 5 extending along the widthwise direction of the steel beam 2.

[0055] In addition, in order to increase the density of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal end portions 2a of the steel beam 2 and the density of the steel plates 3 at the longitudinal central portion 2b of the steel beam 2, the steel plates 3 may be arranged in a cross-shaped manner at the longitudinal central portion 2b of the steel beam 2, and the steel plates 3 may be arranged in a parallel manner at the longitudinal end portions 2a of the steel beam 2.

[0056] <Other examples of the body> In this embodiment, a composite beam 1 has been described in which a steel beam 2 and a wooden panel 4 are joined together, but the joining structure of the composite beam 1 can also be applied to joining structures between other structural parts, such as columns, and wooden paneling. The structural parts can be any long steel material that forms the skeleton of the building, and are not limited to H-shaped steel, but can also be, for example, square steel pipes.

[0057] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not by the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0058] 1,100 Composite beam, 2,120 Steel beam, 2a Longitudinal end, 2b Longitudinal center, 3,3A,3B Steel plate, 4,41,42,140 Wood surface material, 5 Slit, 6 Adhesive material, 21,121 Upper flange, 22,122 Lower flange, 23,123 Web, 30 Through hole, 51,52 Notch, 130 Stud, 150 Round hole, 160 Resin.

Claims

1. a body portion made of long steel material and having plate-shaped connecting members fixed thereto; A wood surface material having a slit penetrating in the thickness direction at a position corresponding to the joining member; A joining structure for a body portion, comprising: an adhesive material filled in the slit with the joining member fitted into the slit.

2. The joining structure of a skeleton portion according to claim 1 , wherein the joining member has at least one through-hole penetrating in the plate thickness direction.

3. The joint structure of claim 1 , wherein the joint members are arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the body portions.

4. The joint structure of claim 1 , wherein the joint members are arranged so as to intersect with the longitudinal direction of the body portion.

5. The joint structure of claim 4, wherein the slit is provided across two of the wooden panel materials that are butted together at the widthwise center of the body portion.

6. a plurality of the joint members are provided along the longitudinal direction of the body portion, The joining structure of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement pitch of the joining members at the longitudinal end portions of the body portion is smaller than the arrangement pitch of the joining members at the longitudinal center portion of the body portion.

7. a fixing process of fixing a plate-shaped connecting member to a body portion which is a long steel material; A drilling step of drilling a slit penetrating through the board thickness direction at a position corresponding to the joining member in the wood surface material; An attachment process of fitting the joining member into the slit and attaching the wood surface material to the body portion; A method for joining body parts, comprising a bonding step of filling the slits with adhesive material and integrating the body part and the wooden surface material via the joining member.

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