Lifesaving evacuation system

Abstract

To provide a lifesaving evacuation system allowing people to be safely evacuate in a situation of being surrounded by smoke caused by fire.SOLUTION: A hydrant device 10 (10-1) is placed on a road surface of a watchman passage 12. The hydrant device 10 (10-1) is provided with a hydrant unit 26 and lifesaving evacuation units 30, 32 placed on both sides. Between the hydrant device 10 (10-1) and an adjacent hydrant device, air pipings 18 are arranged along a tunnel side wall higher than evacuees, and air heads 20 are placed in the air pipings 18 with a specific interval. A respirable area 46 is formed by discharging pressure air from the air heads 20 supplied from an air compressor placed inside of the watchman passage 12 by releasing a control valve, and discharging fresh air in a specific direction where upper half bodies of the evacuees evacuating through the watchman passage 12 pass through upon fire.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a lifesaving evacuation system that is installed in a guard passageway provided along a tunnel wall. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, fire hydrant systems have been installed as emergency tunnel equipment in tunnels such as expressways and motorways. For example, a fire hydrant system has a hydrant storage compartment inside a housing equipped with a forward-tilting fire hydrant door (forward-tilting door), which stores a fire hose with a water discharge nozzle at the end, valves including a fire hydrant valve, and other items, and also stores, for example, two fire extinguishers in a fire extinguisher storage compartment inside a housing equipped with a fire extinguisher door. Furthermore, fire hydrant systems are generally installed along the length of the tunnel, at intervals of, for example, 50 meters, by embedding boxes into the tunnel wall where a guard passage is provided (Patent Document 1).

[0003] However, in tunnels constructed using methods such as shield tunneling, the structure of the tunnel body makes it difficult to cut out a box in the tunnel wall and embed the fire hydrant equipment in it due to the cost and labor involved, so it is required that the fire hydrant equipment be installed in an exposed state in the guard's passage.

[0004] For this reason, a wall-mounted structure has been proposed in which a stand is installed on the tunnel wall and the main body of the fire hydrant is attached and fixed to the stand, as a structure that allows the fire hydrant to be installed exposed in the guard passage without having to be boxed out of the tunnel wall.The stand for this wall-mounted structure is composed of a main support part that is fixed to the wall surface and an attitude-maintaining member that maintains the attitude of the main body of the fire hydrant (Patent Document 2).

[0005] However, installing a fire hydrant device using a wall-mounted structure has issues such as the time and effort required to attach the device to the tunnel wall, so a so-called stationary structure has been proposed in which a stand is installed on the road surface of the monitor's passage, which is easier to install, and the main body of the fire hydrant device is attached and fixed to the installed stand (Patent Document 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-279294 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-000196 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-096296 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] If a fire breaks out in a tunnel due to a vehicle accident or breakdown, a large amount of black smoke will be generated and spread throughout the tunnel if fuel such as gasoline ignites and burns rapidly. In such a situation where black smoke spreads due to a fire, occupants of vehicles stopped in the tunnel due to the fire will have to evacuate through the guard passage where a fire hydrant is installed.

[0008] However, evacuees caught in the rapidly spreading black smoke may find it difficult to breathe, which could lead to situations where they are unable to reach the emergency exits located along the guard corridor.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a life-saving evacuation system that enables evacuees to safely evacuate when they are engulfed in smoke caused by a fire. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] (Lifesaving evacuation system) The present invention is a lifesaving evacuation system installed in a guard passageway provided along a tunnel wall, It is characterized by being equipped with air discharge equipment that discharges (supplies) fresh air in a specified direction along the guard passageway through which the upper bodies of evacuees passing, thereby creating a breathable area.

[0011] (Air release equipment 1: air head method) The air release equipment is air piping arranged along the tunnel wall between disaster prevention devices installed at predetermined intervals on the road surface of the guard passage; a plurality of air heads connected to the air pipe at predetermined intervals and discharging fresh air toward the breathable area; an air supply source that is installed inside the lifeguard passage and supplies pressurized air to the air piping; Equipped with.

[0012] (Air head downwards setting) The air pipes are placed along the tunnel walls at a predetermined height that exceeds the height of the evacuees. The plurality of air heads are connected to the air pipes with the air discharge direction set obliquely downward so as to face the breathable area.

[0013] (Air head upwards) The air pipes are placed along the tunnel walls at a specified height that does not exceed the lower body height of the evacuees. The plurality of air heads are connected to the air pipes with the air discharge direction set obliquely upward so as to face the breathable area.

[0014] (Air piping and air supply arrangement 1) The air piping is arranged to a position that is half the installation distance from each disaster prevention device to other disaster prevention devices adjacent to the disaster prevention device on both the left and right sides, An air supply source is provided for each air pipe of a disaster prevention device or for each air pipe of a plurality of disaster prevention devices.

[0015] (Air piping and air supply arrangement 2) The air piping is arranged between each disaster prevention device and another disaster prevention device adjacent to it on either the left or right side, An air supply source is provided for each air pipe of a disaster prevention device or for each air pipe of a plurality of disaster prevention devices.

[0016] (Air supply source configuration) The air supply source is an air compressor that is electrically driven to compress air and supply it to the air piping; a control valve that is provided between the air compressor and the air piping and that opens in response to a control signal from the disaster prevention receiving panel in the event of a fire to supply air to the air head; Equipped with.

[0017] (Air head configuration) The air head is a cylindrical cover having an open end; an air nozzle installed on the bottom surface of the cylindrical cover and emitting air in the axial direction; a mounting base that supports the cylindrical cover on the air pipe so that the axial direction of the cylindrical cover can be changed in three dimensions; Equipped with.

[0018] (Section that forms a breathable area in the event of a fire) The air release equipment is A control valve is installed in the disaster prevention device, The air piping connected to the control valve is one section, and the tunnel is divided into multiple sections along its length. When a fire occurs in any of the multiple sections, the disaster prevention receiving panel opens control valves installed in the fire section and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the fire section, and releases air from the air head through air piping connected to the control valves to form a breathable area.

[0019] (Air is released so that the breathable area includes the section with the emergency exit) The disaster prevention receiving panel forms a breathable area by discharging air from the air head so that an escape exit from the guard passage is included in one of a plurality of sections to which air is discharged from the air head in the event of a fire.

[0020] (Air release equipment 2: Blower fan type) The air release equipment is an air supply post (ventilation post) that is installed in the guard passage close to or in contact with the tunnel wall, with its intake port located in the interior space of the guard passage and its outlet directed toward the breathable area; a blower provided on the intake side of the ventilation post, which draws air from the interior space of the guard passage and releases it into the breathable area; Equipped with.

[0021] (The outlet of the ventilation post is placed inside the gutter) The outlet of the air blowing post is placed in a gutter formed on the road surface of the guard passage, The gutters are covered with grate covers.

[0022] (A section that forms a breathable area in the event of a fire using a blower fan system) The air release equipment is divided into multiple sections along the length of the tunnel, with each section corresponding to the spacing between disaster prevention devices installed at predetermined intervals on the road surface of the guard passage. In the event of a fire occurring in one of the sections, the disaster prevention receiving panel creates a breathable area by releasing air from ventilation posts installed in the section where the fire occurred and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the section where the fire occurred.

[0023] (Air is released so that the breathable area includes the section with the emergency exit) The disaster prevention receiving panel forms a breathable area by discharging air from the ventilation post so that an escape exit from the watchman's passage is included in one of a plurality of sections from which air is discharged in the event of a fire.

[0024] (Fire hydrant body and life-saving evacuation unit) Disaster prevention equipment A device body that houses equipment to protect people and objects from fires, etc.; A life-saving evacuation unit is arranged on both sides of the device body and contains predetermined equipment used for evacuation guidance; It consists of:

[0025] (Direction indicator) The life-saving evacuation unit is equipped with a direction indicator that indicates the evacuation direction.

[0026] (Direction display 1) The direction indicator shows the direction away from the fire as the evacuation direction.

[0027] (Direction display 2) If a ventilation system that circulates ventilation air in the longitudinal direction is installed inside the tunnel, the direction indicator will point away from the location of the fire and indicate the upstream side of the ventilation airflow from the ventilation system as the evacuation direction.

[0028] (Audio equipment) The life-saving evacuation unit includes an audio device that outputs a predetermined guidance message to evacuees.

[0029] (audio message on audio device) The audio device outputs a predetermined audio message to the evacuees who reach the disaster prevention device, guiding them to move to the next disaster prevention device and a predetermined audio message guiding them to move to an emergency exit. [Effects of the Invention]

[0030] (Effectiveness of life-saving evacuation systems) This invention is a life-saving evacuation system installed in a guard passageway along the tunnel wall, and is equipped with air discharge equipment that discharges (supplies) fresh air in a predetermined direction along the guard passageway through which the upper body of an evacuee passing, thereby forming a breathable zone. Therefore, even if a fire breaks out in a tunnel due to a vehicle accident or breakdown, and black smoke from a fuel fire such as gasoline spreads throughout the tunnel, making breathing difficult, a breathable zone is formed where fresh air is supplied at the height of the evacuee's upper body passing along the guard passageway, allowing the evacuee to evacuate quickly and safely through the guard passageway without becoming engulfed in smoke and experiencing breathing difficulties. Furthermore, the discharge of air to form the breathable zone eliminates smoke spreading along the guard passageway, allowing the evacuee to maintain a clear view for evacuation.

[0031] (Effect of Air Release Equipment 1 (Air Head Method)) In addition, the air release equipment comprises air pipes arranged along the tunnel wall between the disaster prevention devices installed at predetermined intervals on the road surface of the guard passage, multiple air heads connected to the air pipes at predetermined intervals and releasing fresh air toward the breathable area, and an air supply source installed inside the guard passage and supplying pressurized air to the air pipes, so that in the event of a fire, a sufficient amount of fresh air can be supplied above the guard passage to reliably form a continuous breathable area.

[0032] (Effect of downward air head setting) In addition, the air pipes are arranged along the tunnel wall at a predetermined height that exceeds the height of the evacuees, and the multiple air heads are connected to the air pipes with the air release direction set diagonally downward so that it is directed toward the breathable area.As a result, fresh air is released in a pouring manner from the air heads connected to the air pipes arranged at a higher position than the evacuees, making it possible to reliably form a breathable area above the guard passage.

[0033] (Effect of air head upward setting) In addition, the air pipes are arranged along the tunnel wall at a specified height that does not exceed the lower body of the evacuees, and the multiple air heads are connected to the air pipes with the air release direction set diagonally upward so that it is directed toward the breathable area.As a result, fresh air is released in an upward blowing manner from the air heads connected to the air pipes that are positioned at about waist height of the evacuees, making it possible to reliably form a breathable area above the guard passage.

[0034] (Effect of Air Pipe and Air Supply Source Arrangement 1) Furthermore, air piping is arranged for each disaster prevention device at a distance that is half the installation distance to the other adjacent disaster prevention devices on both the left and right sides of the disaster prevention device, and an air supply source is provided for each disaster prevention device's air piping or for each of multiple disaster prevention devices. Therefore, if the intervals between disaster prevention devices are, for example, 50 meters, air piping is laid 25 meters long on both sides of the disaster prevention device, and multiple air heads are installed on the air piping at predetermined intervals and connected to the air supply source. By arranging the air piping, multiple air heads, and air supply sources for each section of the disaster prevention device as a unit, the facility configuration is simplified and it is possible to create a breathable area by releasing air from each disaster prevention device as a unit. Furthermore, if air supply sources are arranged for multiple disaster prevention devices as a unit, an air main pipe is required to branch off and connect the air piping of the multiple disaster prevention devices, but the number of air supply sources can be reduced.

[0035] (Effect of Air Pipe and Air Supply Source Arrangement 2) Furthermore, air piping is arranged between each disaster prevention device and the other adjacent disaster prevention device on either the left or right side, and an air supply source is provided for each air piping of a disaster prevention device or for each air piping of multiple disaster prevention devices. Therefore, if the intervals between disaster prevention devices are, for example, 50 meters, air piping is laid 50 meters long on one side of the disaster prevention device, and multiple air heads are installed on the air piping at predetermined intervals and connected to the air supply source. By arranging the air piping, multiple air heads, and air supply sources with each section of the disaster prevention device as one unit, the equipment configuration is simplified and it is possible to create a breathable area by releasing air with each interval between the disaster prevention devices as one unit. Furthermore, if an air supply source is provided with the air piping of multiple disaster prevention devices as one unit, an air main pipe is required to branch and connect the air piping of the multiple disaster prevention devices, but the number of air supply sources can be reduced.

[0036] (Effect of Air Supply Configuration) In addition, the air supply source comprises an air compressor that is electrically driven to compress air and supply it to the air piping, and a control valve that is provided between the air compressor and the air piping and that opens in response to a control signal from the disaster prevention receiving panel in the event of a fire to supply air to the air head.Therefore, in the event of a fire, the disaster prevention receiving panel selects the section that requires the formation of a breathable area by opening the control valve, and fresh air is released from the air head of the section where the control valve is opened by driving the air compressor, thereby ensuring the formation of a breathable area.

[0037] (Effect of air head configuration) The air head includes a cylindrical cover with an open end, an air nozzle installed on the bottom of the cylindrical cover that discharges air in the axial direction, and a mounting base that supports the cylindrical cover on the air piping so that the axial direction of the cylindrical cover can be adjusted three-dimensionally. Therefore, the air discharged from the air nozzle passes through the cylindrical cover with strong axial directionality, and the cylindrical cover suppresses the diffusion of the discharged air, concentrating the air into the limited space above the guard passage and reliably forming a breathable area. The air discharge direction from the air head can be adjusted three-dimensionally using the mounting base. By setting the discharge direction to the height where the upper body of an evacuee in the guard passage passes, preferably the height where the head passes, a continuous breathable area can be formed above the guard passage. Furthermore, the air discharge direction from the air head can be controlled in both upstream and downstream directions.

[0038] (Effect of sections forming breathable areas during fire) In addition, the air release equipment is equipped with a control valve within the disaster prevention device, and the tunnel is divided into multiple sections along its length, with each section consisting of an air pipe connected to the control valve. If a fire breaks out in one of the multiple sections, the disaster prevention receiving panel opens the control valves installed in the fire section and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the fire section, releasing air from the air head through the air pipes connected to the control valves to create a breathable zone. This allows the release of air from the air head in multiple sections on both sides of the fire section, creating a continuous breathable zone above the guard passage. For example, if the disaster prevention device is installed in a 50-meter section, setting up two or three sections on either side of the fire section would create a breathable zone for the 50-meter fire section as well as 100 to 150 meters on either side.

[0039] (Effect of releasing air so that the breathable area includes the section with the emergency exit) In addition, the disaster prevention receiving panel forms a breathable area by releasing air from the air head so that an escape exit from the guard passage is included in one of the multiple sections into which air is released from the air head in the event of a fire.Therefore, an escape exit leading to the escape tunnel is always present in one of the sections in which a breathable area is formed, and it is possible to reach the escape exit reliably and safely through the guard passage where a continuous breathable area is formed.

[0040] (Effect of air release equipment 2 (blower fan type)) The air release equipment is equipped with a ventilation post (a post for ventilation) that is installed in the guard passageway close to or abutting the tunnel wall, with its intake located in the interior space of the guard passageway and its outlet facing the breathable area, and a blower installed on the intake side of the ventilation post that draws air from the interior space of the guard passageway and releases it into the breathable area.The ventilation post with the blower functions as a so-called blower fan, and can send a sufficient amount of fresh air over the guard passageway in the event of a fire, ensuring the creation of a continuous breathable area.Furthermore, since the ventilation posts with the blowers are simply installed at predetermined intervals on the tunnel wall side of the guard passageway, the equipment configuration is simple and can be implemented at low cost.

[0041] (Effect of placing the outlet of the ventilation post inside the gutter) In addition, the outlet of the ventilation post is placed inside a gutter formed in the guard passage, and the gutter is covered with a lattice cover, so the outlet of the ventilation post does not protrude onto the guard passage, and even if the ventilation post is installed, it does not obstruct passage through the guard passage, allowing for rapid evacuation.

[0042] (Effect of the section that forms a breathable area in the event of a fire using a blower fan) The air release equipment is divided into multiple sections along the tunnel's length, with each section corresponding to the spacing of the disaster prevention devices installed at predetermined intervals on the road surface of the guard passage. If a fire breaks out in any section, the disaster prevention receiving panel creates a breathable zone by releasing air from ventilation posts installed in the fire section and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the fire section. As with the air head system, a continuous breathable zone can be created above the guard passage by blowing air from the ventilation posts in multiple sections on both sides of the fire section. For example, if the disaster prevention devices are installed in a 50-meter section, setting up two or three sections on either side of the fire section would create a breathable zone in addition to the 50-meter fire section, covering 100 to 150 meters on either side.

[0043] (Effect of releasing air so that the breathable area includes the section with the emergency exit) In addition, the disaster prevention receiving panel forms a breathable area by releasing air from the ventilation post so that an escape exit from the guard passage is included in one of the multiple sections into which air is released from the ventilation post in the event of a fire.As with the air head system, there is always an escape exit leading to the escape tunnel in one of the sections where a breathable area is formed, and it is possible to reach the escape exit reliably and safely through the guard passage where a continuous breathable area is formed.

[0044] (Effects of the fire hydrant itself and the lifesaving evacuation unit) Furthermore, the disaster prevention device is composed of a main body that houses equipment to protect people and objects from fires, etc., and life-saving evacuation units that are placed on both sides of the main body and house specified equipment used for evacuation guidance.Since the original structure of the fire hydrant device is in the main body of the fire hydrant, by simply placing the life-saving evacuation units on both sides of it, it is possible to simply and easily construct a fire hydrant device that is compatible with a life-saving evacuation system.

[0045] (Effect of direction indicator) In addition, the life-saving evacuation unit is equipped with a direction indicator that shows the evacuation direction, so that, for example, by displaying an arrow indicating the evacuation direction, evacuees can know the correct evacuation direction and head to the emergency exit installed in the middle of the guard passage without getting lost.

[0046] (Effect of Directional Display 1) In addition, the direction indicator displays the direction away from the fire as the evacuation direction, allowing evacuees to evacuate appropriately to a safe direction that reduces the risk of fire.

[0047] (Effect of Directional Display 2) Furthermore, if a ventilation device that distributes ventilation airflow longitudinally is installed inside the tunnel, the direction indicator will display the evacuation direction as being away from the location of the fire and upstream of the ventilation airflow from the ventilation device, making it possible to evacuate appropriately in a safe direction away from the location of the fire and upwind of the ventilation airflow, where smoke is less likely to spread.

[0048] (Sound equipment effects) In addition, the life-saving evacuation unit is equipped with an audio device that outputs predetermined guidance messages to evacuees, so that evacuees approaching the fire hydrant device are encouraged by hearing the audio messages output from the speaker of the audio device, which provide support for their own evacuation actions, enabling them to evacuate quickly and reliably.

[0049] (Sound device voice message effect) In addition, the audio device outputs a predetermined audio message to evacuees who reach a fire hydrant device, guiding them to move to the next fire hydrant device and to an emergency exit. Therefore, evacuees who reach a fire hydrant device are guided by an audio message to pass in front of the fire hydrant device and head to the next fire hydrant device, and by learning from the audio message the distance and travel time to the emergency exit located along the monitor's passage, quick and reliable evacuation is possible. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0050] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system using an air head. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system having different zone settings from those in FIG. [Figure 3] 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving evacuation system of FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of an air head. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the fire hydrant device of FIG. 1 from the front. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the housing structure of the fire hydrant device in an assembled and disassembled state. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the fire hydrant device from the left side. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the fire hydrant device from the front with the front faces of the first, third, fourth and fifth housings opened. [Figure 9]FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the hose storage shelf structure of FIG. 8. [Figure 10] This is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the fire hydrant device in two cross sections as seen from the right side. [Figure 11] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the fire hydrant device of FIG. 5 from the front (front) with the fire hydrant door open. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross section of the door opening / closing mechanism of the fire hydrant door as viewed from the right side of the fire hydrant device. [Figure 13] 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the functional configuration of a life-saving evacuation controller provided in the fire hydrant device of FIG. 5. [Figure 14] This is an explanatory diagram showing the evacuation direction in the event of a fire inside a tunnel, using a tunnel plan view. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system in which the air head is installed at waist height. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system having different zone settings from those in FIG. [Figure 17] 16 is an explanatory diagram showing the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving evacuation system of FIG. 15. FIG. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system using a ventilation post. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system having different section settings from those in FIG. [Figure 20] FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving evacuation system of FIG. 18. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a blower post. [Figure 22] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of a blower post. [Figure 23] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a ventilation post installed in a gutter of a guard passage. [Figure 24] 19 is an explanatory diagram showing the functional configuration of a life-saving evacuation controller provided in the fire hydrant device of FIG. 18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0052] [Basic concept of the embodiment] First, the basic concept of the embodiment will be described. The embodiment generally relates to a life-saving evacuation system installed in a guard passageway provided along a tunnel wall, and the concept includes life-saving evacuation equipment.

[0053] Here, a "life-saving evacuation system" is a system that allows people inside a tunnel to safely evacuate even if a fire breaks out inside the tunnel and breathing becomes difficult due to the spread of smoke. For example, it is equipped with devices, equipment, instruments, and control means that enable breathing in the midst of spreading smoke.

[0054] The life-saving evacuation system of this embodiment is characterized by the provision of air emission equipment that emits fresh air in a specified direction through which the upper body of an evacuee evacuating along the guard passage will pass, thereby forming a breathable area.

[0055] Here, the "breathable area" refers to an open area (space) above the guard passage that allows evacuees to breathe while smoke is spreading, and is an area formed by the release of fresh air.Since the fresh air is released and spread at a height at which the upper bodies of evacuees on the guard passage will pass, the density of the fresh air is higher the closer to the release position, and the density of the fresh air decreases the further away from the release position.

[0056] Furthermore, "fresh air" refers to air taken in from the internal compartment of the guard passageway that is separated from the road section in the tunnel where the fire is occurring, and means air that does not contain smoke from the fire.

[0057] Therefore, according to the life-saving evacuation system of the embodiment, even if a fire occurs in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or vehicle breakdown, and black smoke from a fuel fire such as gasoline spreads throughout the tunnel, making it difficult to breathe, the air release equipment creates a breathable zone where fresh air is constantly supplied at the height where the upper body of the evacuees pass on the guard passage, allowing the evacuees to evacuate quickly and safely through the guard passage without being enveloped in smoke and experiencing breathing difficulties.In addition, the life-saving evacuation system of the embodiment releases air to create the breathable zone, eliminating smoke that spreads above the guard passage and ensuring visibility for evacuation.

[0058] In addition, there are two types of "air release equipment for life-saving evacuation systems": the "blower head type" which consists of air piping, multiple air heads and an air supply source, and the "blower fan type" which consists of an air blower post (ventilation post) and a blower.

[0059] In the case of a blower head type air release system, "air piping" refers to the piping that supplies air and is arranged along the tunnel wall between the disaster prevention devices installed at regular intervals on the road surface of the guard passage. Also, "air head" refers to an air release device that is connected at regular intervals to the air piping arranged between the disaster prevention devices and releases fresh air toward the breathable area. Also, "air supply source" refers to a device or equipment installed inside the guard passage that supplies pressurized air to the air piping. Specifically, this concept includes an air compressor or air compressor that compresses air using electrical power and supplies it to the air piping.

[0060] According to the first embodiment of the air supply equipment, which is composed of such air piping, multiple air heads, and air supply sources, it is possible to supply a sufficient amount of fresh air to the guard passage in the event of a fire, thereby reliably forming a continuous breathable area.

[0061] Here, "disaster prevention equipment" refers to equipment that protects people and objects from fires and other disasters, and includes "fire hydrant equipment," a type of emergency equipment installed in areas subject to fire extinguishing, such as tunnels on expressways and expressways.

[0062] In addition, the term "fire hydrant device" refers to a device equipped with fire hydrant equipment such as fire hoses, electrical equipment such as red indicator lights and transmitters, terminal boxes, and fire extinguishers, and is a concept that includes fire hydrant facilities equipped with fire hydrant devices.

[0063] In addition, the fire hydrant devices of the embodiment are installed on the guard passage provided along the tunnel wall at a predetermined interval, for example, 50 meters, so that they are close to or abut the tunnel wall, and include fire hydrant devices installed in a ``wall-mounted structure'' or ``stationary structure'' in which the fire hydrant device is installed in an exposed state in the guard passage.

[0064] As explained in the background art section, a "wall-mounted structure" is a structure that allows a fire hydrant to be installed by hanging it on the tunnel wall, for example, by installing a stand on the tunnel wall and attaching and fixing the main body of the fire hydrant to the installed stand, and a "stationary structure" is a structure that allows a fire hydrant to be installed on the road surface of the guard passage, for example, by installing a stand on the road surface of the guard passage and attaching and fixing the main body of the fire hydrant to the installed stand.

[0065] Furthermore, a "mounting" is something that has the function of supporting an object using pillars and beams, etc., and includes concepts such as a support stand, foundation, base, seat, and base. Furthermore, "installed close to or in contact with the tunnel wall" includes installation close to the tunnel wall, installation with a portion in contact with the tunnel wall, or installation with a portion fixed to the tunnel wall.

[0066] In addition, in the air blowing head type air release equipment, the "air pipe" is installed along the tunnel wall at a predetermined height that exceeds the height of the evacuees, and the "multiple air heads" are connected to the air pipe with the air release direction set diagonally downward so that it is directed toward the breathable area. As a result, fresh air is released in a pouring manner from the air heads connected to the air pipes placed at a higher position than the evacuees, making it possible to reliably form a breathable area above the guard passage.

[0067] In the "different form of air piping," the "air piping" is installed along the tunnel wall at a predetermined height that does not exceed the lower half of the evacuees' bodies, and the "multiple air heads" are connected to the air piping with the air release direction set diagonally upward so as to face the breathable area. Therefore, fresh air is released in a blowing manner from the air heads connected at predetermined intervals to the air piping placed at about waist height of the evacuees, making it possible to reliably form a breathable area above the guard passage.

[0068] In addition, as for the "arrangement of air piping and air supply source," the "air piping" is arranged, for example, for each fire hydrant device, at a position that is half the installation distance from the center of the fire hydrant device to other adjacent fire hydrant devices on both the left and right sides, and the "air supply source" is provided for each air piping of a disaster prevention device or for each air piping of multiple disaster prevention devices.

[0069] Here, since the placement interval of the fire hydrant devices is, for example, 50 meters, air pipes are laid 25 meters long on both sides of the fire hydrant devices, and multiple air heads are connected to the air pipes at predetermined intervals, and the air pipes are connected to an air supply source.

[0070] In this way, by arranging the air pipes, multiple air heads, and air supply sources with the section where the fire hydrant devices are installed as one unit, the equipment configuration is simplified and it is possible to form a breathable area by releasing air with the section where the disaster prevention devices are installed as one unit. Furthermore, when air supply sources are arranged with the air pipes of multiple fire hydrant devices as one unit, an air main that branches and connects the air pipes of the multiple fire hydrant devices is required, but the number of air supply sources can be reduced.

[0071] In addition, as an "alternative form of arrangement of air piping and air supply sources," "air piping" is arranged between each fire hydrant device and another fire hydrant device adjacent to it on either the left or right, and an "air supply source" is provided for each air piping of a disaster prevention device or for each air piping of multiple disaster prevention devices.

[0072] Here, since the placement interval of the fire hydrant devices is, for example, 50 meters, an air pipe is laid 50 meters long on one side of the fire hydrant device, and multiple air heads are connected to the air pipe at predetermined intervals, and the air pipe is connected to an air supply source.

[0073] In this way, by arranging the air pipes, multiple air heads, and air supply sources with the section where the fire hydrant devices are installed as one unit, the equipment configuration is simplified and it is possible to form a breathable area by releasing air with the interval between the disaster prevention devices as one unit. Also, when air supply sources are arranged with the air pipes of multiple fire hydrant devices as one unit, an air main that branches off and connects the air pipes of the multiple fire hydrant devices is required, but the number of air supply sources can be reduced.

[0074] Here, the "air supply source" includes an air compressor and a control valve. The "air compressor" is a device that compresses air electrically and supplies it to the air pipe, and is a concept that includes air compressors. The "control valve" is installed between the air compressor and the air pipe, and opens in response to a control signal from the disaster prevention receiving panel in the event of a fire to supply air to the air head. Therefore, in the event of a fire, the disaster prevention receiving panel selects the section that requires the creation of a breathable zone by opening the control valve, and then operates the air compressor to release fresh air from the air head in the section where the control valve is opened, thereby ensuring the creation of a breathable zone.

[0075] The "air head" may have any structure or type, but may, for example, be composed of a cylindrical cover with one open end, an air nozzle installed on the bottom surface of the cylindrical cover that releases air in the axial direction, and a mounting base that supports the cylindrical cover on the air piping so that the axial direction of the cylindrical cover can be adjusted in three dimensions.

[0076] As a result, the air discharged from the air nozzle passes through the cylindrical cover and is discharged with strong axial directionality, and the cylindrical cover suppresses the diffusion of the discharged air, enabling the air to be discharged in a concentrated manner into the limited space above the guard passage, ensuring the formation of a breathable zone. In addition, the direction of air discharge from the air head can be changed three-dimensionally using the mounting base, and by setting the discharge direction to the height at which the upper body of an evacuee in the guard passage will pass, preferably the height at which the head will pass, it is possible to form a continuous breathable zone above the guard passage.

[0077] In addition, the "blowing head type air release equipment" has a control valve installed inside the fire hydrant device, and the tunnel is divided into multiple sections in the longitudinal direction, with the air pipe connected to the control valve as one section.If a fire occurs in any section, the disaster prevention receiving panel opens the control valves installed in the section where the fire occurred and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the section where the fire occurred, and controls the release of air from the air head through the air pipe connected to the control valve to form a breathable area.

[0078] Therefore, if a fire breaks out inside a tunnel, a continuous breathable zone can be formed above the guard passageway by releasing air from the air head in multiple sections on both sides of the section where the fire occurred. For example, since the installation section of the fire hydrant equipment is 50 meters, by setting up, for example, two or three sections on both sides of the section where the fire occurred, it is possible to form a breathable zone in the 50-meter section where the fire occurred, as well as in sections of 100 to 150 meters on both sides.

[0079] The disaster prevention receiving panel also controls the formation of a breathable area by discharging air from the air head so that an escape route from the guard passage is included in one of the multiple sections into which air is discharged in the event of a fire. As a result, an escape route leading to the escape tunnel is always present in one of the sections in which the breathable area is formed, and it is possible to reliably and safely reach the escape route through the guard passage where the breathable area is continuously formed.

[0080] In addition, the "blower fan type air release equipment" is composed of a ventilation post and a blower, as mentioned above.

[0081] Here, the term "ventilation post" refers to a ventilation pipe installed in the guard passageway close to or in contact with the tunnel wall, with an intake located in the interior space of the guard passageway and an outlet facing the breathable area, and is a concept that includes ventilation posts (ventilation pipes). Also, the term "blower" refers to a device installed on the intake side of the ventilation post that draws air from the interior space of the guard passageway and releases it into the breathable area, and is a concept that includes ventilation fans.

[0082] In this way, the air blowing post equipped with the blower functions as a so-called blower fan, and is a "blower fan type air discharge equipment" as opposed to an "air head type air discharge equipment."

[0083] This type of "blower fan type air release equipment" can send a sufficient amount of fresh air over the guard passageway in the event of a fire, ensuring the creation of a continuous breathable area. Furthermore, because the system only requires the installation of ventilation posts equipped with blowers at predetermined intervals on the tunnel wall side of the guard passageway, the system is simple in configuration and can be implemented at low cost.

[0084] The outlet of the ventilation post may also be placed in a gutter formed in the guard passage, and the gutter may be covered with a lattice cover. In this case, the outlet of the ventilation post does not protrude into the guard passage, and the ventilation post does not obstruct passage through the guard passage, allowing for rapid evacuation.

[0085] In addition, the "blower fan type air release equipment" is divided into multiple sections along the length of the tunnel, with each section being the spacing between fire hydrant devices installed on the road surface of the guard passage at predetermined intervals, for example, every 50 meters, and if a fire occurs in any of the sections, the disaster prevention receiving panel controls the release of air from ventilation posts installed in the section where the fire occurred and in a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the section where the fire occurred, to create a breathable area.

[0086] Therefore, just like the "air head type air release equipment" mentioned above, a continuous breathable area can be formed above the watchman's passage by blowing air from the ventilation posts in multiple sections on both sides of the fire area. For example, if the installation area of ​​the fire hydrant device is 50 meters, by setting up, for example, two or three sections on both sides of the fire area, it is possible to form a breathable area in the 50-meter fire area as well as in sections of 100 to 150 meters on either side.

[0087] In addition, the disaster prevention receiving panel controls the formation of a breathable area by discharging air from the ventilation post so that an escape exit from the guard passage is included in one of the multiple sections into which air is discharged from the ventilation post in the event of a fire. Therefore, just like the "air head type air discharge equipment" mentioned above, an escape exit leading to the escape tunnel is always present in one of the sections where a breathable area is formed, and it is possible to reliably and safely reach the escape exit through the guard passage where a continuous breathable area is formed.

[0088] Furthermore, the "fire hydrant device of the embodiment" comprises a fire hydrant body that houses the hydrant equipment, electrical equipment, fire extinguisher, and fire hose, and life-saving evacuation units that are arranged on both sides of the fire hydrant body and house predetermined equipment used for evacuation guidance. Therefore, since the original structure of the fire hydrant device is in the fire hydrant body, simply by additionally arranging the life-saving evacuation units on both sides, it is possible to simply and easily construct a fire hydrant device that is compatible with a life-saving evacuation system.

[0089] The "life-saving evacuation unit" is also equipped with a direction indicator that shows the evacuation direction. Therefore, when evacuees pass in front of the fire hydrant device, for example, the arrow indicating the evacuation direction will enable them to know the correct evacuation direction and head towards the emergency exit installed in the middle of the guard passage without getting lost.

[0090] In addition, the "direction indicator" indicates the direction away from the fire as the evacuation direction, allowing evacuees to evacuate appropriately in a safe direction that reduces the risk of fire.

[0091] Furthermore, if a ventilation system that circulates ventilation air in the longitudinal direction is installed inside the tunnel, the "direction indicator" will indicate the direction of evacuation away from the fire and upstream of the ventilation airflow from the ventilation system. This allows people to evacuate in a safe direction away from the fire and upwind of the ventilation airflow, where smoke is less likely to spread.

[0092] The "life-saving evacuation unit" also includes an audio device that outputs predetermined audio messages to evacuees. As a result, evacuees approaching the fire hydrant device are encouraged by the audio messages output from the audio device's speaker to support evacuation, enabling them to evacuate quickly and safely.

[0093] The "audio device" outputs a predetermined audio message to evacuee who reach the fire hydrant device, instructing them to move to the next fire hydrant device and to move to an emergency exit. Therefore, evacuee who reach the fire hydrant device are guided by an audio message to pass in front of the fire hydrant device and head to the next fire hydrant device, and are informed by the audio message of the distance and travel time to the emergency exit located in the middle of the guard passage, thereby enabling quick and reliable evacuation.

[0094] Furthermore, the terms "provide," "place," "install," and "store" can encompass other terms that can be substituted for each term, and are concepts that can include terms that can be substituted for each term based on their meaning, such as "attach," "attach and fix," and "mount."

[0095] Specific embodiments will be described below. In the specific embodiments shown below, the "disaster prevention device" is a "fire hydrant device," and the fire hydrant device has a "stationary structure" that is exposed above the road surface of the guard passage. A case where an "air supply system of a blower head type composed of air piping, multiple air heads, and an air supply source" is provided will be described as a "first embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system," and a case where an "air supply system of a blower fan type composed of an air blower post and a blower" is provided will be described as a "second embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system."

[0096] [Specific details of the embodiment] An embodiment of the lifesaving evacuation guidance system will be described below. The contents of the system will be explained separately as follows. a. First embodiment of life-saving evacuation system a1. Overview of the life-saving evacuation system a2. Formation of breathable area a3.Air head b. Fire hydrant system structure c. Installation of fire hydrant equipment d. Detailed structure of fire hydrant equipment d1. Internal structure of the first housing d2. Internal structure of the second housing d3. Hose storage structure of the third housing d4. Fire hydrant door opening and closing mechanism d5. Structure of the life-saving evacuation unit d6. Control of life-saving evacuation units e. Modification of the first embodiment e1. Overview of the lifesaving evacuation system e2. Formation of breathable area f. Second embodiment of life-saving evacuation system f1. Overview of the life-saving evacuation system f2. Formation of breathable area f3. Ventilation post f4. Other embodiments of the air blower post f5. Control of the life-saving evacuation unit g. Modifications of the present invention

[0097] [a. First embodiment of life-saving evacuation system] A first embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system will now be described. In this description, reference will be made to Fig. 1, which shows the first embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system using an air head. Fig. 1(A) shows the lifeguard passage as seen from the front, and Fig. 1(B) shows the lifeguard passage as seen from above.

[0098] (a1. Overview of the life-saving evacuation system) First, we will explain the outline of the life-saving evacuation system. As shown in Figure 1, a guard passage 12 is installed at a predetermined height along the tunnel sidewall of a road 14 inside the tunnel, and fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) are installed on the guard passage 12 at predetermined intervals, for example, at intervals of 50 meters.

[0099] In the description of FIG. 1, the X, Y, and Z directions are perpendicular to each other. Specifically, when viewing the front faces of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) from the front, the X direction is the left-right direction, the Y direction is the up-down direction, and the Z direction is the front-to-back direction. The +X side of the X direction is the right side, the -X side is the left side, the +Y side of the Y direction is the top side, the -Y side is the bottom side, and the +Z side of the Z direction is the front side, and the -Z side is the rear side. This also applies to FIGS. 2 to 12 and 14 to 23, which illustrate embodiments of the present invention.

[0100] The life-saving evacuation system of the embodiment is provided with an air discharge facility that discharges fresh air in a predetermined direction through which the upper body of an evacuee evacuating on the guard passage 12 passes, thereby forming a breathable area.

[0101] The air release system shown in Figure 1 is constructed for each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3). Taking the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) as an example, the interior space of the guard passage 12 functions as an air duct, and an air compressor 16, which functions as an air supply source, is installed inside the guard passage 12 where the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) is installed on the road surface. An air pipe 18 extends from the air compressor 16 to the top. The air pipe 18 is pulled upward through a control valve 22 installed inside the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2), then branches out to the left and right, is supported and fixed to the tunnel wall, and extends to a position midway between the adjacent fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1) and 10 (10-3). The air compressor 16 draws and compresses air from inside the guard passage 12 through a filter or other device.

[0102] Here, the installation intervals between the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) are, for example, 50 meters, so the air pipe 18 extends 25 meters to the left of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) and 25 meters to the right. In addition, the height of the air pipes 18 laid on the left and right of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) is a predetermined height that exceeds the height of evacuees evacuating through the monitor passage 12, and is installed, for example, 2 meters above the road surface.

[0103] Air heads 20 are attached and fixed at predetermined intervals to the air pipes 18 laid on the left and right sides of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2). The air heads 20 are connected to the air pipes 18 and release fresh air in a predetermined direction along which the upper bodies of evacuees evacuating on the guard passage 12 will pass, thereby forming a breathable area. The air heads 20 connected to the air pipes 18 may be installed at any interval, provided that the predetermined interval does not cause the breathable area formed by the air released from the multiple air heads 20 to be uninterrupted. In this embodiment, the air heads 20 are installed at intervals of, for example, 5 meters, and five air heads 20 are connected to each of the air pipes 18 laid on the left and right sides of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2).

[0104] The fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) is also provided with a life-saving evacuation controller 24, which is connected via a transmission line 34 to a disaster prevention receiving panel installed in the tunnel's machine room or the like, and controls the opening and closing of the control valve 22 by receiving a control signal with a unique address set from the disaster prevention receiving panel. The air compressor 16 supplies compressed air of, for example, 0.6 to 0.8 MPa to the air piping 18, and automatically operates to maintain the set pressure of a pressure switch installed in its own air tank, for example, 0.7 MPa.

[0105] Such a configuration of the air supply equipment with the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) as one unit is also the same for the other fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-3) and fire hydrant devices not shown.

[0106] In accordance with the emergency evacuation system, the tunnel is divided into 50-meter sections L1, L2, and L3, each consisting of an air supply unit corresponding to a fire hydrant (10-1), 10-2, or 10-3. Therefore, if a fire breaks out in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or breakdown, the air supply units in the fire zone and adjacent zones will be activated, releasing fresh air from the air heads 20 to create a breathable zone at the height where the upper bodies of evacuees on the guard passageway 12 will pass. The activation of the air supply units means that the control valves 22 installed in the fire hydrants 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 are opened, allowing air from the air compressor 16 to be supplied to the air heads 20 and released.

[0107] Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a life-saving evacuation system with different section settings from that of Figure 1. In the life-saving evacuation system of Figure 2, air pipes 18 are laid in a 50-meter section on one side of each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3), for example, a 50-meter section on the right side, and air heads 20 are connected to each of them at 5-meter intervals, for example, nine units.

[0108] In this case, the tunnel is divided into sections L1, L2, and L3 within 50 meters to the right of each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) in accordance with the life-saving evacuation system. Therefore, if a fire breaks out in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or vehicle malfunction, the air supply equipment in the fire section 50 meters to the right of the fire hydrant device and in multiple sections adjacent to the fire section will be activated, and a breathable area will be formed by releasing fresh air from the air head 20 at the height where the upper body of an evacuee on the road surface of the guard passage 12 will pass.

[0109] (a2. Formation of breathable area) Next, the formation of a breathable area in the life-saving evacuation system will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Figure 3, which shows the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving evacuation system in Figure 1. Note that Figure 3(A) shows the guard passage as seen from the front, and Figure 3(B) shows the guard passage as seen from above.

[0110] 3 shows a part of the air release equipment installed in the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1). The fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) is composed of a fire hydrant unit 26, a hose storage unit 28, and life-saving evacuation units 30 and 32.

[0111] The fire hydrant unit 26 houses fire hydrant equipment including a water discharge nozzle and a fire hydrant valve inside the fire hydrant door, two fire extinguishers inside the fire extinguisher door, and electrical equipment such as a red indicator light and a transmitter inside the electrical equipment door.

[0112] A fire hose (shape-retaining hose) of a predetermined length, for example 30 meters, is stored in the hose storage unit 28 so that it can be freely removed, and the fire hose is pulled into the fire hydrant unit 26 and connected to a water discharge nozzle. The hose storage unit 28 also functions as a stand for installing the fire hydrant unit 26 at a predetermined height above the road surface of the guard passage 12.

[0113] The life-saving and evacuation units 30, 32 are installed on the right and left sides of the fire hydrant unit 26 and hose storage unit 28, which are arranged above and below, and the air pipe 18 from the air compressor 16 installed in the interior space of the guard passage 12 is taken out, for example, to the top of the life-saving and evacuation unit 30 on the right side, and then branches out and extends to the left and right at a predetermined height, for example a height of 2 meters, and air heads 20 are connected to the air pipes 18 laid on the left and right at intervals of 5 meters.

[0114] The air head 20 is fixed to the air pipe 18 by a mounting base 25, and the mounting base 25 supports the air head 20 so that the air discharge direction can be changed three-dimensionally. When viewed from the front as shown in Fig. 3(A), the air head 20 has a discharge axis 2010 set at a predetermined downward angle α with respect to a horizontal reference line 2012, and as shown in Fig. 3(B), the discharge axis 2010 is set at a predetermined sideways angle β with respect to the horizontal reference line 2012. The compressed air sent from the air compressor 16 through the air pipe 18 is discharged downward and slightly outward toward the guard passage 12 as shown by the dotted lines, forming a breathable area 46 that spreads out in a substantially conical shape from the air head 20 within a height range that the upper bodies of evacuees 33 evacuating along the guard passage 12 can pass through, for example, a height range of 1.2 to 1.8 meters.

[0115] (a3. Air head) Next, the structure of the air head will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Fig. 4, which shows an embodiment of the air head. Fig. 4(A) shows the front of the air head, Fig. 4(B) shows the right side of the air discharge side, and Fig. 4(C) shows a cross section seen from the front.

[0116] As shown in Figure 4, the air head 20 has a cylindrical cover 35 which is closed at one end and open at the other, with an air nozzle 36 located in the center of the closed end. The rear end of the air nozzle 36 extends to the outside and is connected to a piping hose 44 by a piping connector 42, which is connected to the air piping 18. A dust cap is attached to the air nozzle 36 so that it can be removed by the released air.

[0117] The structure and type of air nozzle 36 are arbitrary, but for example, it is configured to receive a supply of pressurized air of 0.6 to 0.8 MPa and emit a rod-shaped air flow. The air emitted from air nozzle 36 is guided by cylindrical cover 35 and emitted in the axial direction, forming breathable area 46 in the front.

[0118] Cylindrical cover 35 is attached to air pipe 18 by mounting base 25 so that the air release direction can be changed three-dimensionally. Mounting base 25 may have any structure, but for example, it may be formed by dividing a semi-cylinder into two axially parts and connecting them so that they can be opened and closed freely with hinges 2510, and clamping air pipe 18 between them with thumbscrews 2512 and nuts 2514 to secure them to air pipe 18.

[0119] A fixed shaft 3812 is fixed facing downward to the underside of the mounting base 25, and a horizontal swivel shaft 38 is connected to the lower end thereof. The horizontal swivel shaft 38 supports a downward-facing U-shaped horizontal swivel base 3810 so that it can rotate horizontally, and can be set to any horizontal rotation position and fixed with a lock screw 3814.

[0120] The horizontal swivel base 3810 supports the cylindrical cover 35 so that it can rotate vertically relative to the horizontal swivel base 3810 by fitting bearings 4010 formed on both sides of the lower end into vertical swivel shafts 40 standing on the outer circumferential surfaces of both sides of the cylindrical cover 35, and the cylindrical cover 35 can be set to any vertical rotation position and fixed with lock screws 4012.

[0121] In addition, the shape of the air outlet of the cylindrical cover 35 is preferably not only a straight cylindrical outlet as shown in the figure, but also an outlet shape that narrows and then widens, etc., which minimizes the diffusion of the released air flow and enables it to reach far away.

[0122] [b. Fire hydrant system structure] Next, the structure of the fire hydrant device will be explained with reference to Figure 5, which shows the fire hydrant device from the front, Figure 6, which shows the housing structure of the fire hydrant device in an assembled and disassembled state, Figure 7, which shows the fire hydrant device from the left side, Figure 8, which shows the internal structure of the fire hydrant device from the front with the fronts of the first, third, fourth, and fifth housings opened, Figure 9, which shows the hose storage shelf structure of Figure 8 removed, and Figure 10, which shows two cross sections of the internal structure of the fire hydrant device as seen from the right side.

[0123] As shown in Fig. 5, the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) is placed on a stand 55 installed on the road surface of the guard passage 12, and is composed of a fire hydrant unit 26, a hose storage unit 28, and life-saving evacuation units 30 and 32, and the fire hydrant main body is composed of the fire hydrant unit 26 and the hose storage unit. Correspondingly, the housing of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) is divided into a first housing 60a, a second housing 60b, a third housing 60c, a fourth housing 60d, and a fifth housing 60e, as shown in Fig. 6.

[0124] 6, the interior of first housing 60a, which is a part of the housing of fire hydrant unit 26, serves as a fire hydrant equipment storage section 96 that stores the fire hydrant equipment except for the fire hose. Similarly, the interior of second housing 60b, which is also a part of the housing of fire hydrant unit 26, is divided into left and right sections by a partition wall 94, with the right section serving as an electrical equipment storage section 94a and the left section serving as a fire extinguisher storage section 94b. Furthermore, the interior of third housing 60c, which is the hose storage unit 28, serves as a hose storage section 98 that stores the fire hose. Furthermore, fourth housing 60d, which is the housing of life-saving and evacuation unit 30, and fifth housing 60e, which is the housing of life-saving and evacuation unit 32, are vertically long (long in the vertical direction) housings with a height equal to the combined height of third housing 60c and first housing 60a (second housing 60b).

[0125] In addition, a hose outlet opening 88a is formed on the left side of the bottom surface (left side of the lower surface) of the first housing 60a, and a hose outlet opening 88b corresponding to the hose outlet opening 88a is formed on the upper surface of the third housing 60c, which is arranged below the first housing 60a.

[0126] In addition, a water supply pipe passage hole 90a is formed on the right side of the bottom surface of the first housing 60a, and water supply pipe passage holes 90b and 90c are formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the third housing 60c, which is arranged below the first housing 60a, corresponding to the water supply pipe passage hole 90a.

[0127] Furthermore, a wire passage opening 92a is formed on the upper left side surface of the first housing 60a, and a wire passage port 92b corresponding to the wire passage opening 92a is formed on the upper right side surface of the second housing 60b arranged on the left side of the first housing 60a. Furthermore, the fourth housing 60d and fifth housing 60e of the life-saving evacuation units arranged on both the left and right sides are vertically long box-shaped housings, and air piping holes 91a, 91b are formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the fourth housing 60d of the life-saving evacuation unit 30 arranged on the right side.

[0128] 5, a decorative frame 62a is attached to the front of the first housing 60a. A fire hydrant door 64 is disposed below the door opening of the decorative frame 62a. When the lock is released by operating a door opening / closing handle 6410, the fire hydrant door 64 opens vertically (downward) around a hinge 64a at a position perpendicular to the road surface of the guard passage 12.

[0129] A maintenance door 65 that opens vertically (upward) around a hinge 65a is disposed above the door opening of the decorative frame 62a. The upward-opening maintenance door 65 can be held open by a stay (support rod) disposed inside the door.

[0130] The fire hydrant equipment storage section 96 inside the first housing 60a stores fire hydrant equipment including valves including a fire hydrant valve, a water discharge nozzle connected to a fire hose, and an operating lever for opening and closing the fire hydrant valve, as described below.

[0131] A decorative frame 62b is attached to the front of the second housing 60b. An electrical door 68 that opens sideways to the right on hinges 68a is disposed in the door opening on the right side of the decorative frame 62b, and an auxiliary door 70 that opens sideways to the left on hinges 70a is disposed on the left side of the electrical door 68 to allow access to the internal terminal boxes 75a, 75b.

[0132] In this embodiment, an auxiliary door 70 is provided and the electrical equipment storage section 94a is enlarged compared to conventional cases, making it possible to position the terminal boxes 75a, 75b, which were previously located on the interior rear surface of the fire extinguisher storage section, on the interior rear surface of the auxiliary door 70.

[0133] The electrically equipped door 68 is equipped with electrical equipment such as a red indicator light 72, a transmitter 74, and a response lamp 78, and a telephone jack 76 is located on the inside of the door. The red indicator light 72 is always lit, allowing the location of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) to be confirmed from a distance. When the transmitter 74 is pressed and switched on in the event of a fire or other incident, it transmits a transmission signal. A fire alarm is output from a disaster prevention receiving panel installed in an electrical room or the like that receives this signal, and the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) receives a response signal from the disaster prevention receiving panel and causes the red indicator light 72 to flash and the response lamp 78 to light up.

[0134] A high-voltage terminal box 75a and a low-voltage terminal box 75b are arranged, for example, vertically side by side on the rear surface of the second housing 60b opposite the auxiliary door 70. The high-voltage terminal box 75a uses a built-in terminal block to connect a high-voltage cable drawn from outside the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) to the red indicator light 72. The low-voltage terminal box 75b uses a built-in terminal block to connect a low-voltage cable drawn from outside the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) to the transmitter 74, the response lamp 78, and the telephone jack 76.

[0135] Furthermore, a fire extinguisher door 66 is disposed in the door opening on the left side of the decorative frame 62b attached to the second housing 60b. The door opens to the left on hinges 66a when the lock is released by operating the door opening / closing handle 6610. Two fire extinguishers, for example, are stored in a fire extinguisher storage section 94b inside the door. The fire extinguisher door 66 is also provided with a viewing window 6612, which makes it possible to check from the outside whether a fire extinguisher is present.

[0136] The third housing 60c houses a fire hose within the housing, and also functions as a stand for mounting and fixing the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b, which are connected and fixed in the left-right direction, against or close to the tunnel wall at a predetermined height above the road surface of the guard passage 12.

[0137] A decorative frame 62c is attached to the front surface of the third housing 60c of the hose storage unit 28. A hose storage door 80 is disposed in the door opening of the decorative frame 62c. When the lock is released by operating a door opening / closing handle 8010, the hose storage door 80 opens vertically (downward) about a hinge 80a at a position approximately perpendicular to the road surface of the guard passage 12. The size of the door opening in which the hose storage door 80 is disposed is arbitrary, but it is large enough to allow the fire hose to be rewound into the third housing 60c after the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) has been used. For example, the vertical width (width in the up-down direction) of the door opening is about half the vertical width of the front surface of the third housing 60c, and the horizontal width (width in the left-right direction) of the door opening is wide enough to allow the left and right inner sides of the hose storage section formed inside the third housing 60c to be reached from the outside.

[0138] A decorative frame 62d is attached to the front of the fourth housing 60d of the life-saving evacuation unit 30, and a decorative frame 62e is attached to the front of the fifth housing 60e of the life-saving evacuation unit 32. A fixture door 86 that opens sideways to the right is disposed in the door openings of the decorative frames 62d and 62e when the lock is released by operating the door opening / closing handle 8610.

[0139] The air pipe 18, which rises from inside the guard passage 12, passes through the inside of the fourth housing 60d of the life-saving evacuation unit 30, is taken out at the top, and branches off to the left and right. The life-saving evacuation unit 30 is also provided with a left-direction indicator 82a and a right-direction indicator 84a. The life-saving evacuation unit 32 installed on the left side is similar to the life-saving evacuation unit 30 on the right side, except that it does not have an air pipe, and is provided with a fixture door 86, a left-direction indicator 82b, and a right-direction indicator 84b. Since the left-direction indicators 82a, 82b and the right-direction indicators 84a, 84b may be difficult to see due to smoke from a fire, it is desirable to install them so that they receive air released from the air head 20 installed on the left side of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1), as shown in FIG. 3, for example.

[0140] [c. Installation of fire hydrant equipment] Next, the installation of the fire hydrant device in the guard passage will be described. In this description, in addition to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, Fig. 7, which shows the fire hydrant device of Fig. 5 from the left side, will be referenced. In Fig. 7, the fifth housing 60e is omitted in order to show the heights of the first housing 60a to the third housing 60c.

[0141] As shown in Figure 7, a road 14 is constructed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel below the cylindrical (circular cross section) tunnel body constructed by the shield tunneling method, and a monitor's passage 12 is installed at a predetermined height above the road 14 below the tunnel wall 15 along the road 14. A water supply main 23 is installed inside the monitor's passage 12, and a water supply pipe 27 branching off from the water supply main 23 is drawn into a fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) installed on the road surface of the monitor's passage 12.

[0142] In addition, an air compressor 16 is installed inside the guard passage 12, and an air pipe 18 connected to the air compressor 16 is pulled out to the top through the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) and then branches out to the left and right along the tunnel wall surface 15.

[0143] Since it is difficult to cut out a box on the tunnel wall surface 15 constructed by the shield construction method to install the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1), in order to install the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1), the third housing 60c, the fourth housing 60d, and the fifth housing 60e are installed on a stand 55 on the road surface of the monitor passage 12 close to the tunnel wall surface 15, and the connected first housing 60a and second housing 60b are attached and fixed on the third housing 60c, so that the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b are installed at a predetermined height above the road surface of the monitor passage 12. In addition, the upper parts of the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b are fixed to the tunnel wall surface 15 by housing support members 75 to prevent them from falling forward.

[0144] Here, the height of the third housing 60c is set so that the height from the road surface of the monitor passage 12 to all operation targets, including the transmitter 74 and water discharge nozzles arranged on the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1), falls within the legally defined appropriate operation range. If the road surface of the monitor passage 12 is the standing surface of road users, as is well known, the legally defined appropriate operation range has a lower limit height H1 from the road surface of 800 mm and an upper limit height H2 of 1500 mm, and the height width Hw of the appropriate operation range is 700 mm.

[0145] In this embodiment, the height from the road surface of the monitor passage 12 to the bottom surfaces of the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b (=height of the stand 55+height of the third housing 60c) is set so that all of the operation objects arranged on the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b are within the appropriate operation range. This height can be any as long as all of the operation objects are within the appropriate operation range, but by setting it to, for example, 800 mm, the same as the lower limit height H1 of the appropriate operation range, all of the operation objects arranged on the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b will be positioned at or above the lower limit height no matter where they are located.

[0146] Next, we will explain how to make the fire hydrant device thinner. As shown in Figure 7, in order to reduce the restriction on the passage width of the guard passage 12 caused by the protrusion (projection) of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) installed on the road surface of the guard passage 12 from the tunnel wall surface 15, the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) is made as thin as possible.

[0147] The thinning of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) is optimized to match the equipment stored inside the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1). In the embodiment, the fire extinguisher stored in the second housing 60b is the device with the largest front-to-rear size among the equipment stored inside the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1), and the depth width (thickness in the front-to-rear direction) of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) can be thinned to a size that can accommodate the fire extinguisher, so the depth width of the fire hydrant device 1010 (10-1) is set to a predetermined depth width that corresponds to the outer diameter of the fire extinguisher stored in the second housing 60b.

[0148] The fire extinguisher stored in the second housing 60b of the fire hydrant apparatus 10 (10-1) is, for example, a 20-type fire extinguisher with a 6 kg agent capacity. The outer diameter of the 20-type fire extinguisher is approximately 160 to 180 mm. Therefore, if a gap is provided so that the stored fire extinguisher does not come into contact with the second housing 60b, the minimum depth of the fire hydrant apparatus 10 (10-1) is set to, for example, 250 mm, within a range of, for example, 200 to 250 mm, and the depths of the first housing 60a, the second housing 60b, the third housing 60c, the fourth housing 60d, and the fifth housing 60e are all set to 250 mm. In contrast, the depth of a conventional fire hydrant apparatus that is installed by cutting a box into the wall of a tunnel skeleton is 300 mm or more. Therefore, the depth of the fire hydrant apparatus 10 (10-1) of the embodiment is reduced compared to the conventional fire hydrant apparatus, and the fire hydrant apparatus 10 (10-1) can be made thinner.

[0149] Next, the reduction in the height of the fire hydrant device will be described. As shown in Fig. 7, the height width (vertical width) of the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b, in which the bottom surfaces of the housings are installed at a height H1 above the road surface of the guard passage 12 using the stand 55 and the third housing 60c, is the minimum height width necessary to accommodate the tallest device among the devices housed in the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b. In this embodiment, since there is no need to house a fire hose in the first housing 60a, the tallest device is a fire extinguisher housed in the second housing 60b, as in the case of the aforementioned thinning, and the height width (vertical width) of the second housing 60b is set to the minimum height width that can accommodate the fire extinguisher.

[0150] As in the case of the aforementioned thinning, when a 20-type fire extinguisher with a 6 kg agent capacity is stored in the second housing 60b, the height of the 20-type fire extinguisher is about 600 mm. Therefore, if a gap is secured so that the stored fire extinguisher does not come into contact with the inner upper surface of the second housing 60b, the height of the second housing 60b can be set to, for example, 700 mm, and the height width of the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b can be set to a height equal to or less than the height width Hw (= 700 mm) of the appropriate operation range. This makes it possible to set the height from the road surface of the monitor passage 12 to the upper surfaces of the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b to be equal to or less than the upper limit height H2 (= 1500 mm) of the appropriate operation range. As a result, all of the operation targets arranged in the first housing 60a and the second housing 60b will be positioned at a height equal to or less than the upper limit height, no matter where they are placed.

[0151] [d. Detailed structure of fire hydrant equipment] Next, the detailed structure of the fire hydrant device will be described. In this description, reference will be made to Fig. 8, which shows the internal structure of the fire hydrant device of Fig. 5 from the front (front) with the front faces of the first, third, fourth, and fifth housings opened, Fig. 9, which shows the hose storage shelf structure of Fig. 8 removed, and Fig. 10, which shows the internal structure of the fire hydrant device in cross section as seen from the right side. Note that Fig. 9(A) shows the front of the hose storage shelf structure, and Fig. 9(B) shows the side of the hose storage shelf structure. Also, Fig. 10(A) shows the cross section along section line aa in Fig. 8, and Fig. 10(B) shows the cross section along section line bb in Fig. 8.

[0152] (d1. Internal structure of the first housing) First, we will explain the internal structure of the first housing 60a of the hydrant unit 26, which becomes the fire hydrant equipment storage section 96. The inside of the first housing 60a corresponds to a conventional fire hydrant storage section that stores fire hydrant equipment, with the function of a hose storage section that stores a fire hose removed.

[0153] An inlet pipe 100 is drawn in from the water supply pipe through hole 90a on the right bottom surface of the first housing 60a shown in Figure 6 through the third housing 60c and connected to a branch pipe 102, and a water supply hydrant 106 is connected to the branch side of the branch pipe 102. A pipe 104 arranged in a downward U-shape is connected to the main pipe side of the branch pipe 102, and a fire hydrant valve 108 and an automatic pressure regulating valve 110 are connected in sequence to the middle of the pipe 104.

[0154] A linkage box 128 is provided on the fire hydrant valve 108, and a wire connects it to an operation box 124 provided on the right side of a frame 116 arranged in a lattice pattern at the front inside the first housing 60a. A known wire link mechanism is provided in which the rotation associated with the opening and closing operation of the fire hydrant valve opening / closing lever 126 of the operation box 124 is transmitted to the linkage box 128 via the wire, thereby opening and closing the fire hydrant valve 108.

[0155] Automatic pressure regulating valve 110 adjusts the pressure of fire water supplied to fire hose 114 so as to maintain a predetermined pressure. Pipe 104 continuing from automatic pressure regulating valve 110 bends downward near the left side surface and is connected to fire hose 114 stored in third housing 60c by hose joint 112 provided near the left bottom surface. The type and structure of hose joint 112 are arbitrary, but by using, for example, a known Machino joint, fire hose 114 can be detachably connected to pipe 104.

[0156] A hose outlet 118 is formed in a frame 116 disposed at the front inside the first housing 60a, and a water-discharge nozzle 120 is attached to the tip of a fire hose 114 that is pulled out into the first housing 60a from the third housing 60c through the hose outlet openings 88a, 88b shown in Fig. 6, and with the fire hose 114 pulled out through the hose outlet opening 118, the water-discharge nozzle 120 is detachably held in a nozzle holder 122. Note that the edges of the hose outlet openings 88a, 88b shown in Fig. 6 are framed using, for example, a pipe-shaped frame member to prevent wear and damage due to contact with the fire hose 114.

[0157] A pump start interlock switch 130 is provided inside the operation box 124. The pump start interlock switch 130 turns on when the fire hydrant valve opening / closing lever 126 is operated to the open position, and sends a pump start signal to the disaster prevention receiving panel to start the fire pump equipment. In addition, a pump start switch 132 is provided on the right side of the hydrant 106. When a firefighter connects a hose to the hydrant 106 to extinguish a fire, the pump start switch 132 is pressed to turn it on, and sends a pump start signal to the disaster prevention receiving panel to start the fire pump equipment.

[0158] (d2. Internal structure of the second housing) Next, the internal structure of the second housing 60b of the fire hydrant unit 26, which serves as the electrical equipment storage section 94a and the fire extinguisher storage section 94b, will be described.

[0159] As shown in Fig. 6, the interior of the second housing 60b is divided by a partition wall 94 into an electrical equipment storage section 94a and a fire extinguisher storage section 94b. As described above, the red indicator light 72, transmitter 74, and answer lamp 78 are disposed in the electrical equipment door 68 provided in the door opening on the front of the electrical equipment storage section 94a, a telephone jack 76 is disposed on the back surface of the electrical equipment door 74, and terminal boxes 75a and 75b are disposed on the rear surface of the housing inside the auxiliary door 70, as shown in Fig. 5. Furthermore, two fire extinguishers 69 are stored in the fire extinguisher storage section 94b.

[0160] (d3. Hose storage structure of the third housing) Next, the hose storage shelf structure 134 of the third housing 60c, which serves as the hose storage unit 28, will be described.

[0161] 8, hose storage shelf structures 134 are arranged at three locations in the left-right direction on the rear side (back side) of the hose storage section 98. The hose storage shelf structures 134 are configured to hold the portion of the fire hose 114 that is wound inward in the hose storage section 98 of the third housing 60c and passes above the hose storage section 98 and is generally parallel to the road surface of the guard passage 12 (hereinafter referred to as the upper portion of the fire hose).

[0162] As shown in Figure 9, the hose storage shelf structure 134 includes a back panel 138 and shelf members 136, and the shelf members 136 are arranged in multiple stages on the back panel 138 extending in the vertical direction, corresponding to the hose passing positions through which the upper part of the inwardly coiled fire hose 114 passes.

[0163] Here, shelf member 136 is fixed to back plate 138 and includes a vertical plate portion extending in the up-down direction and an inclined plate portion bent obliquely upward and forward from the lower side of the vertical plate portion, with the inclined plate portion inclined at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the bottom surface of hose storage section 98. The inclination angle θ of the inclined plate portion is arbitrary, but as shown in the top shelf member 136, it is a positive angle, for example a predetermined angle of around 10°, so that when a fire hose 114 is passed through shelf member 136, the fire hose 114 will not easily slip out from the inclined plate portion forward. Note that if the front end of the inclined plate portion is bent upward to form a slip-out prevention structure, the inclination angle θ may be 0° or a negative angle (inclined obliquely downward and forward).

[0164] The shelf members 136 are spaced vertically at intervals that allow one fire hose 114 to pass through (spacing that corresponds to the outer diameter of the hose). The number of tiers of shelf members 136 corresponds to the number of turns of the fire hose to be stored. For example, when a 30-meter fire hose 114 is wound inward in the hose storage section 98, the number of turns is six as shown in Figure 8, and therefore the shelf members 136 are arranged in six tiers.

[0165] Furthermore, the shelf member 136 of the hose storage shelf structure 134 is positioned to correspond to the upper part of the inwardly wound fire hose 114, and no shelf member is provided for the part of the inwardly wound fire hose 114 that passes under the hose storage section 98 and is roughly parallel to the road surface of the guard passage 12 (hereinafter referred to as the lower part of the fire hose), so that the lower part of the fire hose 114 is wound inward in a free state.

[0166] For this reason, in the hose storage section 98, as shown in Figures 8 and 10(A)(B), the fire hose 114 is passed through the shelf members 136 arranged in multiple stages on the upper side of the hose storage shelf structure 134, which is arranged in three locations in the left-right direction, in order from the top, and is stored, for example, wound inward counterclockwise, with the upper part of the fire hose 114 supported (held) by the shelf members 136.

[0167] In addition, the front side of the hose storage shelf structure 134 is an empty space, forming a hose withdrawal space 139 for withdrawing the tip of the fire hose 114, which is supported by being wound inward on the hose storage shelf structure 134, toward the upper first housing 60a.

[0168] When a road user takes out the water discharge nozzle 120 held in the first housing 60a and pulls out the fire hose 114 in order to use the fire hydrant, the fire hose 114, which is supported by being wound inward on the hose storage shelf structure 134, passes through the hose pull-out space 139 at the front, is pulled up to the upper first housing 60a side, and is then pulled out to the outside from the hose outlet 118, so that the fire hose 114 can be pulled out smoothly with little force without causing any unreasonable bends or folds in the pulled-out fire hose 114.

[0169] (d4. Fire hydrant door opening and closing mechanism) Next, the door opening / closing mechanism of the hydrant door will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Fig. 11, which shows the fire hydrant device of Fig. 5 from the front (front) with the hydrant door open, and Fig. 12, which shows the door opening / closing mechanism of the hydrant door in cross section as seen from the right side of the fire hydrant device. Fig. 12(A) shows the state in which the hydrant door is closed (closed position), Fig. 12(B) shows the state in which the hydrant door is opened 180 degrees (open position), and Fig. 12(C) shows the state in which the hydrant door is held approximately parallel to the road surface of the monitor's passage during hose rewinding work.

[0170] When a road user operates the door open / close handle 6410 of the hydrant door 64 to unlock it when using the hydrant to fight a fire, the hydrant door 64 opens downward about the hinge 64a at its lower end as an axis, as shown in Fig. 11, and the water discharge nozzle 120, the hydrant valve open / close lever 126, the water hydrant 106, and the pump start switch 132 arranged inside the first housing 60a become operable. In addition, on the back side of the hydrant door 64, a stay 140 for holding the hydrant door 64 in an open state generally parallel to the road surface of the monitor passage 12 is arranged corresponding to a pin 142 arranged approximately in the center of the frames 116 standing upright in the vertical direction on both the left and right sides, and is arranged rotatably about the axis at the upper end of the open hydrant door 64 as shown in Fig. 8.

[0171] 12(A), the door opening / closing mechanism 144 of the hydrant door 64 pivotally supports the hydrant door 64 on the lower side of the door opening of the first housing 60a by a hinge 64a serving as a pivot so that the hydrant door 64 can be opened and closed freely, and further includes a damper 148 that functions as a shock absorber. One end of the damper 148, which is the cylinder side, is fixed to the frame 116 or the like inside the housing by a fixed-side pivot portion 146, and the other end, which is the rod side, is pivotally supported by a pivot portion 145 on a damper mounting portion 147 provided on the inside of the lower end of the hydrant door 64. In addition, in order to smoothly rotate the hydrant door 64 180 degrees to open it, the damper mounting portion 147 is tilted at a predetermined angle so that the rear side (the side inside the housing) is positioned higher than the front side when the hydrant door 64 is closed, and a downward force is applied by the damper 148 when the hydrant door 64 is opened.

[0172] When a road user pulls the door opening / closing handle 6410 toward themselves to unlock the hydrant door 64, the hydrant door 64 rotates downward 180° around the hinge 64a as an axis and opens to a position facing the front of the third housing 60c, and is positioned approximately perpendicular to the road surface of the guard passage 12, as shown in Figure 12(B).

[0173] Furthermore, after the hydrant has been used, when recovery workers drain the fire hose 114 that has been pulled out and rewind it into the hose storage section 98 of the third housing 60c, as shown in Figure 12(C), by engaging a stay 140 arranged on the back surface of the hydrant door 64 with a pin 142 arranged on the frame 116 inside the first housing 60a, it is possible to maintain the hydrant door 64 in an open state approximately parallel to the road surface of the monitor passage 12. As a result, the open hydrant door 64 of the first housing 60a does not prevent the hose storage door 80 of the third housing 60c from being opened.

[0174] Next, we will explain the work of rewinding the fire hose after using the fire hydrant. After a road user opens the fire hydrant door 64, removes the water discharge nozzle 120, and pulls out the fire hose 114 to carry out firefighting activities, the recovery worker drains the water from the used fire hose 114 and then rewinds it into the hose storage section 98 of the third housing 60c.

[0175] Specifically, first, as shown in Figure 12 (C), the fire hydrant door 64 is held in an open position approximately parallel to the road surface of the monitor passage 12 by the stay 140, and the operating handle 8010 of the hose storage door 80 shown in Figure 5 is operated to release the lock, and the hose storage door 80 is opened downward.

[0176] Next, the water discharge nozzle 120 attached to the tip of the fire hose 114 pulled out to the outside is removed from the open door opening of the fire hydrant door 64 to drain the water, and the fire hose 114 from which the water has been drained is accessed through the open door opening of the hose storage door 80, and the fire hose 114 pulled out to the outside from the open door opening of the fire hydrant door 64 is pulled toward the third housing 60c and then pulled out entirely to the outside of the third housing 60c through the door opening of the hose storage door 80.

[0177] Thereafter, the fire hose 114 is passed through the door opening of the third housing 60c onto the shelf members 136 arranged in multiple stages on the upper side of the hose storage shelf structure 134 in order from top to bottom, and while the upper part of the fire hose 114 is supported by the hose storage shelf structure 134, the fire hose 114 is rewound inward into the hose storage section 98 of the third housing 60c.

[0178] Once the work of rewinding the fire hose 114 is complete, the tip of the fire hose 114 is passed through the hose outlet opening 88b of the third housing 60c and the hose outlet opening 88a of the first housing 60a shown in Figure 6 and pulled out from the inside of the first housing 60a to the hose outlet 118, and the water-discharge nozzle 120 is attached to the tip of the fire hose 114 and held in the nozzle holder 122, thereby completing the recovery work.

[0179] In this way, when the fire hose 114 is rewound inward with the support of the first hose storage shelf structure 134 of the hose storage section 98, no dedicated jig is required, and the fire hose 114 can be simply and easily rewound into the hose storage section 98 of the third housing 60c. Furthermore, in the case of the rewinding work of the fire hose after the assembly of the fire hydrant device is completed in the manufacturing process at the factory, the fire hose 1124 can be simply and easily rewound without the need for a dedicated jig, just like the rewinding work of the fire hose.

[0180] (d5. Structure of the Lifesaving Evacuation Unit) Next, the structure of the emergency evacuation unit will be described. As shown in Fig. 8, emergency evacuation units 30, 32 are arranged on the left and right sides of a fire hydrant unit 26 having a first housing 60a and a second housing 60b arranged above each other, and a hose storage unit 28 having a third housing 60c. Taking the emergency evacuation unit 30 arranged on the right side as an example, an air pipe 18 is drawn into the emergency evacuation unit 30 from the inside (below) of the guard passage 12 and connected to a control valve 22. The air pipe 18 from the control valve 22 is taken out at the top and then branches to the left and right, with air heads connected to the branching sides at 5-meter intervals. The structure and type of the control valve 22 are arbitrary, but a solenoid valve or an electric valve is used, and it is connected to a emergency evacuation controller 24 and controlled to open in the event of a fire.

[0181] Furthermore, a speaker 85a is disposed on the upper inside of the life-saving evacuation unit 30 and is connected to the life-saving evacuation controller 24. The structure and type of the speaker 85a are arbitrary, but it is desirable that it be a directional speaker that outputs sound toward the evacuees. Note that, as shown in FIG. 5, a left direction indicator 82a and a right direction indicator 84a disposed on the front of the life-saving evacuation unit 30 are also connected to the life-saving evacuation controller 24.

[0182] A storage shelf 154 is arranged on the lower interior side of the fourth housing 60d, and the storage shelf 154 is vertically divided into, for example, seven shelves, and a portable respirator 156 is stored in each shelf so that it can be freely removed.

[0183] The portable breathing apparatus 156 may have any structure or type, but may be comprised of, for example, an oxygen tank and a mask, or an air tank, a valve, and a mask. An evacuee caught in smoke can retrieve the portable breathing apparatus 156, open the valve, and use it, allowing them to safely evacuate even in the smoke. The usable time of the portable breathing apparatus 156 is optional, but it is desirable that it be usable for at least 10 minutes. As shown in FIG. 5 , a fixture door 86 is provided on the front opening of the storage shelf 154 so that it can be opened sideways on the right side. An evacuee can unlock and open the door by pulling the door open / close handle 8610 toward themselves, allowing them to retrieve and use the portable breathing apparatus 156 stored in the storage shelf 154. The fixture door 86 may be provided with a viewing window so that the portable breathing apparatus 156 inside can be seen.

[0184] The life-saving evacuation unit 32, which is installed to the left of the fire hydrant unit 12 and hose storage unit 28 arranged above and below, is similar to the life-saving evacuation unit 30 arranged on the right, except that it does not have an air pipe 18 passing through it and does not have a life-saving evacuation controller 24.A storage shelf 154 containing a speaker 85b and a portable breathing apparatus 156 is provided inside the fifth housing 60e, and a left direction indicator 82b and a right direction indicator 84b are provided on the front as shown in Figure 5, and are connected to the life-saving evacuation controller 24 of the life-saving evacuation unit 30 arranged on the right.

[0185] (d6. Control of the life-saving evacuation unit) Next, the control of the life-saving evacuation unit provided in the fire hydrant apparatus 10 (10-1) will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Fig. 13, which shows the control function of the life-saving evacuation unit provided in the fire hydrant apparatus of Fig. 5, and Fig. 14, which shows the evacuation direction in the event of a fire inside a tunnel on a tunnel plane. Note that Fig. 13 shows three fire hydrant apparatuses 10 (10-1) to 10 (10-3) out of the multiple fire hydrant apparatuses, and shows the functional configuration of the life-saving evacuation unit, with the fire hydrant apparatus 10 (10-1) being the representative of them.

[0186] As shown in FIG. 13 , a transmission line 34 connected to a disaster prevention receiving panel 150 installed in a tunnel machine room or the like and laid inside the tunnel is connected to a life-saving evacuation controller 24, as shown representatively in the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1). The life-saving evacuation controller 24 is composed of a computer circuit equipped with a CPU, memory, various input / output ports, etc., and is provided with a control unit 180 that is implemented by executing a program. A transmission unit 182 is provided for the control unit 180, and transmits and receives signals including commands, data, etc. to and from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 via the transmission line 34 in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol. A unique address, which is set for each life-saving evacuation controller 24, is set in the transmission unit 182, and the transmission unit 182 receives signals including its own address and outputs them to the control unit 180. It also sets its own address as the sender of signals from the control unit 180 and transmits them to the disaster prevention receiving panel 150.

[0187] The control unit 180 is connected to the control valve 22 via the drive circuit unit 184, and when the transmission unit 182 receives an open control signal specifying its own address from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150, it controls the control valve 22 to open, releasing air from the air head 20 and forming a breathable area 46 above the monitor passage 12.

[0188] In addition, the control unit 180 is connected to the left direction indicators 82a, 82b and the right direction indicators 84a, 84b via the drive circuit unit 186, and when the transmission unit 182 receives an evacuation direction control signal specifying its own address from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150, it drives the left direction indicators 82a, 82b or the right direction indicators 84a, 84b to emit light so as to indicate the appropriate evacuation direction.

[0189] Furthermore, speakers 85a and 85b are connected to the control unit 180 via an audio driver 188. When the transmission unit 182 receives an audio control signal specifying its own address from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150, the control unit 180 reads out predetermined audio message data stored in advance in memory, converts it into an audio message signal, and outputs the audio message from the speakers 85a and 85b. The audio message for life-saving evacuation that is output from the speakers 85a and 85b is arbitrary, but may be, for example, information guiding an emergency exit installed at a predetermined position on the monitor passage 12, information guiding a breathable zone 46 formed on the monitor passage 12, or the like.

[0190] Here, guidance information to the emergency exit may be, for example, "There is an emergency exit on the way to the next fire hydrant. It is 25 meters to the emergency exit." Also, guidance information for the breathable area 46 may be, for example, "Fresh air is being released along the guard passage. Please move along the tunnel side wall so that you are exposed to the released air."

[0191] Figure 14 shows a situation in which a fire breaks out due to a vehicle accident in a tunnel. For example, if a fire breaks out between the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-4) and 10 (10-5) due to a fire vehicle 48, and many vehicles 50 are stopped behind the fire vehicle 48, blocking traffic, the occupants of the stopped vehicles 50 will evacuate using the guard passage 12 in a direction away from the fire vehicle 48.

[0192] Here, an emergency exit 54, which serves as the entrance to the evacuation tunnel, is installed midway along the guard passage 12 between the fire hydrant apparatus 10(10-2) and the fire hydrant apparatus 10(10-3). Furthermore, the ventilation direction, such as a jet fan installed on the tunnel ceiling, is to the right (the direction of vehicle travel). In this case, when the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 shown in FIG. 13 determines that a fire has occurred in the section between the fire hydrant apparatus 10(10-4) and the fire hydrant apparatus 10(10-5) based on a fire signal from a fire detector installed in the tunnel or information from a surveillance camera, etc., it designates the addresses of the fire hydrant apparatuses 10(10-1) to 10(10-5) and transmits an open control signal to open the control valves 22 installed in the fire hydrant apparatuses 10(10-4) to 10(10-5).

[0193] For example, based on the relative positions of the fire location caused by the fire vehicle 48 and the emergency exit 54, the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 specifies the addresses of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-4) in the fire occurrence section L4 and the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1) to 10 (10-3) in the three sections to the left of the fire occurrence section L4, in the illustration, the left sections L1 to L3, and sends an open control signal to open the control valve 22, releasing air from the air heads 20 located in sections L1 to L4, and the air moves away from the fire occurrence section L4 toward the emergency exit 54, forming a breathable area 46 above the monitor passage 12, which is downwind of the ventilation flow.

[0194] The disaster prevention receiving panel 150 designates the addresses of three sections L5 to L7 on the right side of the fire section L4 (not shown) and transmits an open control signal to open the control valve 22, and the release of air from the air heads 20 arranged in sections L5 to L7 forms a breathable zone 46 on the guard passage 12 away from the fire section L4, which is upwind of the ventilation flow. In a tunnel not equipped with a ventilation system, the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 designates the addresses of the three sections L1 to L3 and L5 to L7 on both sides of the fire section L4 and transmits an open control signal to open the control valve 22, thereby forming a breathable zone 46 on the guard passage 12 on both sides away from the fire section L4.

[0195] The disaster prevention receiving panel 150 also transmits a left direction control signal to the fire hydrant device 10 (10-3) in section L3, moving away from the fire occurrence section L4 and toward the emergency exit 54, causing the left direction indicators 82a, 82b to light up or flash, and for the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), it specifies their respective addresses and transmits a right direction control signal to move in the direction toward the fire occurrence location but toward the emergency exit 54, which is located nearby, causing the right direction indicators 84a, 84b to light up or flash.

[0196] Furthermore, for the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-5) to 10 (10-7) in sections L5 to L7 located in front of the fire vehicle 48, the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 specifies each address and transmits a right direction control signal in a right direction away from the fire location, thereby lighting or flashing the right direction indicators 84a, 84b.

[0197] Therefore, even if evacuees in vehicle 50 stopped in front of the burning vehicle 48 find it difficult to breathe due to the spread of smoke from the burning vehicle 48 inside the tunnel, the air blowing out from the air head 20 creates a breathable area 46 above the guard passage 12, allowing them to evacuate toward the emergency exit 54 while still being able to breathe. In addition, the air blowing out from the air head 20 removes the smoke spreading above the guard passage 12, ensuring visibility as well as breathing, allowing for safe evacuation.

[0198] In a situation where the burning vehicle 48 burns explosively and the danger level increases rapidly, in addition to forming the breathable area 46 by blowing air from the air head 20, it becomes possible to evacuate to the emergency exit 54 while maintaining breathing by opening the equipment door 86 of the life-saving evacuation unit 30, 32 of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) to 10 (10-4), taking out the portable breathing apparatus 156, and placing a mask over the mouth and opening the valve. In this case, since one fire hydrant device stores, for example, 14 portable breathing apparatuses 156, a sufficient number of portable breathing apparatuses 156 can be provided to evacuees from vehicles that have stopped due to a fire.

[0199] [e. Modification of the First Embodiment] Next, a modified example of the first embodiment of the life-saving and evacuation system will be described. In this description, reference will be made to Fig. 15, which shows the first embodiment of the life-saving and evacuation system in which the air head is installed at waist height, Fig. 16, which shows the first embodiment of the life-saving and evacuation system in which the section setting is different from that of Fig. 15, and Fig. 17, which shows the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving and evacuation system of Fig. 15. Note that Figs. 15(A), 16(A), and 17(A) show the observer passage as seen from the front, and Figs. 15(B), 16(B), and 16(B) show the observer passage as seen from above.

[0200] (e1. Overview of the Lifesaving Evacuation System) First, an overview of the life-saving evacuation system will be described. As shown in Fig. 15, the air release equipment in the life-saving evacuation system of this embodiment is constructed for each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3). For example, in the case of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2), an air pipe 18 from an air compressor 16 installed in the interior space of the guard passage 12 is pulled upward through a control valve 22 installed in the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2), and then branches out to the left and right, each extending to a length of 25 meters. The height of the air pipes 18 installed on the left and right sides is set at a predetermined height that does not exceed the lower body height of an evacuee evacuating through the guard passage 12 (a predetermined height that does not exceed the waist height of an evacuee), for example, at a predetermined height in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 meters above the road surface, for example, 1.0 meter above the road surface.

[0201] Four or five air heads 20 are attached and fixed to the air pipes 18 laid on the left and right sides of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) at predetermined intervals, for example, at intervals of 5 meters, and connected to the air pipes 18, and fresh air is discharged in a predetermined direction along which the upper bodies of evacuees evacuating on the guard passage 12 will pass, thereby forming a breathable area 46. The rest of the configuration is the same as in the first embodiment shown in Figure 1.

[0202] Such a configuration of the air supply equipment with the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) as one unit is also the same for the other fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-3) and fire hydrant devices not shown.

[0203] In addition, in accordance with the life-saving evacuation system of Fig. 15, the tunnel is divided into 50-meter sections L1, L2, and L3, each of which is an air supply unit corresponding to the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3). Therefore, if a fire breaks out in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or vehicle malfunction, the air supply units in the section where the fire occurred and in multiple sections adjacent to the section where the fire occurred will be activated, and a breathable zone 46 will be formed by releasing fresh air from the air head 20 at the height where the upper body of an evacuee on the road surface of the guard passage 12 will pass.

[0204] Figure 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a life-saving evacuation system with a different section setting from that of Figure 15. In the life-saving evacuation system of Figure 16, air pipes 18 are laid on one side of each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3), for example, in a section of 50 meters to the right, and air heads 20 are connected at 5-meter intervals, for example, nine units per unit.

[0205] In this case, in accordance with the life-saving evacuation system, the tunnel is divided into sections L1, L2, and L3 within 50 meters to the right of each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3). Therefore, if a fire breaks out in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or vehicle malfunction, the air supply equipment in the fire section 50 meters to the right of the fire hydrant device and in multiple sections adjacent to the fire section will be activated, and a breathable zone 46 will be formed by releasing fresh air from the air head 20 at the height where the upper half of the evacuees on the road surface of the guard passage 12 will pass.

[0206] (e2. Formation of breathable area) Next, the formation of a breathable area in the life-saving evacuation system will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Fig. 17, which shows the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving evacuation system of Fig. 15. Fig. 17(A) shows the observer passage as seen from the front, and Fig. 17(B) shows the observer passage as seen from above.

[0207] 17 shows a part of the air release equipment installed in the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1). The fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) is composed of a fire hydrant unit 26, a hose storage unit 28, and life-saving evacuation units 30 and 32.

[0208] The air head 20 is fixed to the air pipe 18 by a mounting base 25, and the mounting base 25 supports the air head 20 on the air pipe 18 so that the air discharge direction can be changed three-dimensionally. When viewed from the front as shown in Figure 17(A), the air head 20 has a discharge axis 2010 set at a predetermined upward angle α with respect to a horizontal reference line 2012, and as shown in Figure 17(B), the discharge axis 2010 is set at a predetermined sideways angle β with respect to the horizontal reference line 2012.

[0209] Therefore, the compressed air sent from the air compressor 16 through the air piping 18 is released from the air head 20 upward and slightly outward toward the guard passage 12 as shown by the dotted line, and a breathable area 46 that spreads out in an approximately conical shape from the air head 20 can be formed in a height range that can be passed by the upper body of an evacuee 33 evacuating along the guard passage 12, for example, a height range of 1.2 to 1.8 meters.

[0210] The structure of the air head 20 is similar to that shown in Figure 4, for example, except that the cylindrical cover 35 equipped with the air nozzle 36 is attached and fixed to the air pipe 18 by a mounting base 25 so as to be positioned above the air pipe 18, which is positioned at a predetermined height not exceeding the waist height of the evacuees.

[0211] [f. Second embodiment of life-saving evacuation system] Next, a second embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system will be described. In this description, reference will be made to Fig. 18, which shows a second embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system using a ventilation post, and Fig. 19, which shows a second embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system with different section settings from Fig. 18. Note that Fig. 18(A) shows the observer passage as seen from the front, and Fig. 18(B) shows the observer passage as seen from above.

[0212] (f1. Overview of the life-saving evacuation system) First, an outline of a second embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system will be described. As shown in Fig. 18, the life-saving evacuation system of this embodiment is characterized by being provided with air discharge equipment that discharges fresh air in a predetermined direction through which the upper bodies of evacuees evacuating on the guard passage 12 pass, thereby forming a breathable area 46, and employing a blower fan system that blows fresh air using a blower fan as an air blower.

[0213] In the air release equipment of Figure 18, air blowing posts 160 are placed at predetermined intervals in the watchman's passage 12, which is between fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) that are placed at 50-meter intervals. The intake side at the bottom of the air blowing post 160 is placed inside the watchman's passage 12, which serves as an air duct, and a blower fan 162 attached to the intake port sends air from the duct into the air blowing post 160. The top of the air blowing post 160 is raised at a predetermined height above the road surface of the watchman's passage 12, and an air outlet is provided so that the blower fan 162 blows in and out air in a predetermined direction along which the upper bodies of evacuees evacuating on the watchman's passage 12 will pass. Note that if an evacuation passage (evacuation tunnel) is laid parallel to the tunnel, an intake port for the blower fan 162 is provided in the evacuation passage.

[0214] The height of the air outlet of the air blowing post 160 from the road surface is arbitrary, but is set to a predetermined height that does not exceed the lower body of an evacuee evacuating through the guard passage 12 (a height that does not exceed the height of the evacuee's waist), for example, a predetermined height within the range of 0.8 to 1.2 meters from the road surface, for example, 1.0 meter.

[0215] In addition, the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) are equipped with a life-saving evacuation controller 24, which is connected via a transmission line 34 to a disaster prevention receiving panel installed in the tunnel's machine room or the like, and can receive a control signal specifying its own address from the disaster prevention receiving panel to control the start and stop of the blower fan 162.

[0216] Here, in accordance with the life-saving and evacuation system, the tunnel is divided into 50-meter sections L1, L2, and L3, with each unit being the air supply equipment corresponding to the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3). The division of the tunnel into sections is determined by the connection of the control line 52 from the life-saving and evacuation controller 24 installed in the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3) to the blower fan 162.

[0217] For example, taking the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) as an example, the blower fans 162 provided on four ventilation posts 160 installed in a 25-meter section to the left of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) and the blower fans 162 provided on five ventilation posts 160 installed in a 25-meter section to the right of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-2) are connected to the control line 52 from the life-saving evacuation controller 24, and the 25-meter section on the left and right is defined as section L2. This also applies to the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-3) and other fire hydrant devices not shown.

[0218] Therefore, if a fire breaks out in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or vehicle breakdown, the blower fans 162 installed in multiple ventilation posts 160 installed in a 25-meter section on either side of the fire hydrant device will be activated, and fresh air will be released from the ventilation posts 160 in the section where the fire occurred and in multiple sections adjacent to the section where the fire occurred, creating a breathable area 46 at the height where the upper bodies of evacuees on the road surface of the guard passage 12 will pass.

[0219] Figure 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of the life-saving evacuation system, which has different section settings from Figure 18. In the life-saving evacuation system of Figure 19, the blower fans 162 provided in nine ventilation posts 160 installed in 50-meter sections on either side of each of the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1), 10 (10-2), and 10 (10-3), for example, in the 50-meter section on the right side, are connected to control lines 52 from the life-saving evacuation controllers 24 provided in each of the nine ventilation posts, thereby dividing the tunnel into sections L1, L2, and L3.

[0220] Therefore, if a fire breaks out in the tunnel due to a vehicle accident or vehicle breakdown, the blower fans 162 installed in multiple ventilation posts 160 installed in a 50-meter section on one side of the fire hydrant device will be activated, and fresh air will be released from the ventilation posts 160 in the section where the fire occurred and in multiple sections adjacent to the section where the fire occurred, creating a breathable area 46 at the height where the upper bodies of evacuees on the road surface of the guard passage 12 will pass.

[0221] (f2. Formation of breathable area) Next, the formation of a breathable area in the life-saving evacuation system of the second embodiment will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Fig. 20, which shows the formation of a breathable area by the life-saving evacuation system of Fig. 18. Fig. 20(A) shows the observer passage as seen from the front, and Fig. 20(B) shows the observer passage as seen from above.

[0222] As shown in Figure 20, ventilation posts 160 are arranged upright at 5 meter intervals on the guard passage 12 on both sides of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1). When a fire breaks out in the tunnel, the blower fan 162 is activated and the air sent in by the blower fan 162 is discharged upward and slightly outward from the outlet at the top of the ventilation post 160 toward the guard passage 12 as shown by the dotted line. This allows a breathable area 46 that spreads out in an approximately conical shape from the air head 20 to be formed in a height range that the upper body of an evacuee 33 evacuating on the guard passage 12 can pass through, for example, a height range of 1.2 to 1.8 meters.

[0223] (f3. Ventilation post) Next, the structure of the air blowing post will be explained. In this explanation, reference will be made to Fig. 21, which shows an embodiment of the air blowing post, and Fig. 22, which shows the cross-sectional structure of the air blowing post. Fig. 21(A) shows the air blowing post as seen from the front, and Fig. 21(B) shows the air blowing post as seen from the blowing side.

[0224] The structure of the air blower post 160 is arbitrary, but for example, as shown in Figure 21, it is composed of a post body 164, a discharge side elbow 166, a discharge port 170, and a suction side elbow 176, and is made of, for example, sheet metal processing or heat-resistant resin. The post body 164 has a mounting flange 165, and is fitted from above into a through-hole provided in the road surface of the guard passage 12, and is fixed in place with an anchor bolt 175. The discharge side elbow 166 is attached to the upper end of the post body 164.

[0225] 22, the discharge side elbow 166 is provided with a spherical bearing 168 at the tip of the horizontal pipe portion, and a spherical axis 172 of the delivery port 170 is disposed within the spherical bearing 168, making it possible to change and set the discharge axis 173 of the discharge port 170 in three dimensions. In addition, a lock screw 174 is provided in the spherical bearing 168, making it possible to fix the discharge axis 173 of the discharge port 170 in a set state.

[0226] A blower fan 162 is attached and fixed to the intake elbow 176 located inside the guard passage 12. The structure, type, and function of the blower fan 162 used in this embodiment are arbitrary, but for example, a blower fan that operates on a commercial AC 100V or AC 200V supply and can generate a sufficient amount of airflow to form a breathable zone 46 at installation intervals of 5 meters above the road surface of the guard passage 12 is used.

[0227] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the ventilation posts 160 equipped with blower fans 162 are installed at intervals of 5 meters on the guard passage 12, but for example, by increasing the airflow rate of the blower fans 162, it is possible to increase the intervals between the ventilation posts 160 and reduce the number of installed ventilation posts 160 and blower fans 162. For example, by doubling the airflow rate of the blower fans 162, the intervals between the ventilation posts can be doubled to 10 meters, and the number of installed ventilation posts 160 and blower fans 162 can be reduced by half.

[0228] The structure of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) shown in FIG. 20 is the same as that of the life-saving evacuation system shown in FIGS. 5 to 12, except that the stored equipment of the life-saving evacuation units 30, 32 is different.

[0229] (f4. Other embodiments of the air blower post) Next, another embodiment of the ventilation post will be described with reference to Fig. 23, which shows an embodiment of the ventilation post installed in the side gutter of the guard passage.

[0230] As shown in Figure 23, the ventilation post 160 of this embodiment is characterized by being embedded in a gutter 1210 formed in the road surface of the monitor passage 12, and even when the ventilation post 160 is installed, it does not obstruct passage through the monitor passage 12.

[0231] The gutter 1210 formed in the guard passage 12 has a box-cut shape that opens upward, and is sized to allow the embedded installation of the ventilation post 160. The ventilation post 160 is composed of a discharge side elbow 166, a discharge port 170, and a suction side elbow 176, and has the same structure as the embodiment shown in Figures 21 and 22 except for the post body 164.

[0232] The discharge elbow 166 and discharge port 170 are stored inside a gutter 1210. A lattice cover 1212 with a lattice-shaped opening is placed at the upper opening of the gutter 1210, allowing air to pass through and be released onto the road surface of the guard passage 12. A flange 177 is formed on the discharge elbow 166, and is fixed with an anchor bolt 175 while fitted into a through hole in the gutter 1210. A suction elbow 176 is attached to the lower end of the discharge elbow 166 that is extended inside the guard passage 12, and a blower fan 162 is attached and fixed to the suction elbow 176.

[0233] (f5. Control of the life-saving evacuation unit) Next, the control of the life-saving evacuation unit provided in the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) will be described. In this description, reference will be made to Fig. 24 which shows the control function of the life-saving evacuation unit provided in the fire hydrant device of Fig. 20.

[0234] As shown in Figure 24, a transmission line 34 is connected to a disaster prevention receiving panel 150 installed in the tunnel's machine room or the like and laid inside the tunnel, and is connected to a life-saving evacuation controller 24, as shown representatively in the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1).

[0235] The life-saving evacuation controller 24 is provided with a control unit 180. A transmission unit 182 is provided for the control unit 180, and transmits and receives commands, data, etc. to and from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol. A unique address is set in the transmission unit 182, and the transmission unit 182 receives a signal including its own address and outputs it to the control unit 180, and also sets its own address as the sender in a signal from the control unit 180 and transmits it to the disaster prevention receiving panel 150.

[0236] A blower fan 162 for one section is connected to the control unit 180 via a drive circuit unit 192, and when a start-up control signal specifying its own address is received from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150, the blower fan 162 is started and controlled to send air into the ventilation post 160 and release it onto the monitor passage 12, forming a breathable area 46 above the monitor passage 12.

[0237] In addition, the control unit 180 is connected to the left direction indicators 82a, 82b and the right direction indicators 84a, 84b via the drive circuit unit 186, and when it receives an evacuation direction control signal specifying its own address from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150, it drives the left direction indicators 82a, 82b or the right direction indicators 84a, 84b to emit light.

[0238] In addition, speakers 85a and 85b are connected to the control unit 180 via an audio drive unit 188, and when an audio control signal specifying the control unit's own address is received from the disaster prevention receiving panel 150, predetermined audio message data stored in advance in memory is read out, converted into an audio message signal, and output from the speakers 85a and 85b.

[0239] Here, as shown in FIG. 14, if the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 determines that a fire caused by the fire vehicle 48 has occurred in the section between the fire hydrant device 10 (10-4) and the fire hydrant device 10 (10-5), based on the relative positions of the fire outbreak location caused by the fire vehicle 48 and the escape exit 54, it specifies the addresses of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-4) in the fire outbreak section L4 and the three sections to the left of the fire outbreak section L4, in the illustration, the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-1) to 10 (10-3) in the left sections L1 to L3, and sends a start-up control signal to start the blower fan 162, which releases air from the ventilation posts 160 located in sections L1 to L4, and moves away from the fire outbreak section L4 toward the escape exit 54, forming a breathable area 46 above the monitor passage 12, which is downwind of the ventilation flow.

[0240] The disaster prevention receiving panel 150 may specify the addresses of three sections L5 to L7 on the right side of the fire section L4 (not shown) and send a start control signal to start the blower fan 162, which will then emit air from the air posts 160 located in sections L5 to L7, forming a breathable zone 46 on the guard passage 12 away from the fire section L4, although it will be downwind of the ventilation flow. In a tunnel not equipped with a ventilation device, the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 may specify the addresses of three sections L1 to L3 and L5 to L7 on both sides of the fire section L4 and send a start control signal to start the blower fan 162, which will then emit air from the air posts 160, forming a breathable zone 46 on the guard passage 12 on both sides away from the fire section L4.

[0241] Furthermore, for the fire hydrant devices 10 (10-5) to 10 (10-7) in sections L5 to L7 located in front of the fire vehicle 48, the disaster prevention receiving panel 150 specifies each address and transmits a right direction control signal in a right direction away from the fire location, thereby lighting or flashing the right direction indicators 84a, 84b.

[0242] Therefore, even if evacuees in vehicle 50 stopped in front of burning vehicle 48 are in a situation where breathing is difficult due to smoke from burning vehicle 48 spreading inside the tunnel, the release of air from ventilation post 160 creates a breathable area 46 above the guard passage 12, allowing them to evacuate toward emergency exit 54 while still being able to breathe. Furthermore, the release of air from ventilation post 160 removes the smoke spreading above guard passage 12, ensuring visibility as well as breathing, allowing for safe evacuation.

[0243] Furthermore, in a situation where the burning vehicle 48 burns explosively and the danger level increases rapidly, the equipment door 86 of the life-saving evacuation unit 30, 32 of the fire hydrant device 10 (10-1) to 10 (10-4) can be opened to remove the portable respirator 156, and by placing the mask over the mouth and opening the valve, it is possible to evacuate to the emergency exit 54 while maintaining breathing.

[0244] [g. Modifications of the present invention] Modifications of the life-saving evacuation system according to the present invention will be described. In addition to the above-described embodiment, the life-saving evacuation system according to the present invention includes the following modifications.

[0245] (Air compressor of first embodiment) In the first embodiment described above, an air compressor is installed for each fire hydrant device to supply air to the air head of one section, but this is not limited to this. An air compressor may be installed for multiple fire hydrant device units, and air pipes to multiple fire hydrant devices may be branched and connected to the main air pipe from the air compressor, and air may be supplied and released from one air compressor to the air heads installed in multiple sections.

[0246] In addition, in the above embodiment, the air piping attached to the air compressor is connected to the air head, but this is not limited to this, and the air piping from the air compressor may be connected to a reservoir tank to store compressed air, and the air piping from the reservoir tank may be connected to the air head.

[0247] (Ventilation operation) In the first and second embodiments of the lifesaving and evacuation system, in the event of a fire inside the tunnel, air is released from the air head or ventilation posts to create a breathable space above the lifeguard passageway. However, during normal operation, air may also be released from the air head or ventilation posts to ventilate the tunnel. In the first embodiment, this ventilation operation reduces the power required for ventilation operation of the air compressor by setting thinned-out sections to release air from the air head. In the second embodiment, the power required for ventilation operation of the blower fan is reduced by thinning out the ventilation posts that release air at predetermined intervals. This ventilation operation improves overall ventilation performance by providing supplementary ventilation in the tunnel in addition to ventilation using jet fans and other devices installed inside the tunnel. Furthermore, because the lifesaving and evacuation system uses the lifeguard passageway as an air duct, it achieves a ventilation effect by constantly introducing fresh air into the air duct inside the lifeguard passageway.

[0248] (Inspection operation) In the first and second embodiments of the lifesaving and guidance system, inspection operation may be performed periodically during normal operation. For example, inspection operation may be performed every predetermined number of days to sequentially release air in sections, and the air head or air outlet may be checked to ensure that the air release from the air head or air outlet post is functioning normally in preparation for the occurrence of a fire.

[0249] (Fire hydrant equipment) In the above embodiment, life-saving evacuation units are placed on both sides of the fire hydrant body and the air piping is taken out, but this is not limited to this, and the air piping may be taken out from the fire hydrant body without providing a life-saving evacuation unit.

[0250] (Fire hydrant installed by wall-mounted structure) The above embodiment has been described as an example of a fire hydrant body installed in a stationary structure in which first and second housings connected laterally are attached and fixed by a third housing equipped with a hose storage unit at a predetermined height above the road surface of the guard passage. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A fire hydrant body installed in a wall-mounted structure in which a stand is installed on the tunnel wall and the first and second housings connected laterally are attached and fixed to the installed stand may also be configured in such a way that a third housing equipped with a hose storage unit is placed between the first and second housings and the road surface of the guard passage, and life-saving evacuation units are placed on both sides of the fire hydrant device. In this case, the third housing and the life-saving evacuation unit may be wall-mounted or stationary, and the third housing and the life-saving evacuation unit may be connected to the first and second housings or may be separately placed.

[0251] (Rewinding the fire hose) In the above embodiment, the hydrant door 64, which opens perpendicularly (downward) to the road surface of the monitor passage 12 around the hinge 64a at the lower end, is held open approximately parallel to the road surface of the monitor passage 12 by the stay 140 during hose rewinding work, so that the hose storage door 80 can be opened without being obstructed by the hydrant door 64, but the structure for opening both the hydrant door 64 and the hose storage door 80 is not limited to this, and the hydrant door 64 may be configured to open perpendicularly (upward) to the road surface of the monitor passage 12 around the hinge at the upper end, and when the door opening / closing handle 6410 of the hydrant door 64 is operated to release the lock in order to open the upward-opening hydrant door 64, the hydrant door 64 is rotated upward and opened by a gas spring or the like. With this structure, when the fire hose 62 is being rewound, there is no need to hold the fire hydrant door 64 in a predetermined position using a stay 140 or the like so as not to prevent the hose storage door 80 from being opened.

[0252] Furthermore, instead of configuring the fire hydrant door 64 as a door that opens upward, a structure in which a sub-door is provided on the fire hydrant door 64 may also be used. The sub-door in this structure is arranged, for example, at the upper center of the fire hydrant door 64, in correspondence with the position of the hose outlet 118 inside the first housing 60a, and opens perpendicularly (downward) around its lower end side relative to the road surface of the monitor passage 12, with the door opening of the sub-door opening at the upper end side of the fire hydrant door 64. Therefore, when rewinding the fire hose 114, the sub-door can be opened and the fire hose 114 can be pulled out to the outside from the door opening of the sub-door, and the fire hydrant door 64 can be closed. This eliminates the need to hold the fire hydrant door 64 in a predetermined position by a stay 140 or the like so as not to interfere with the opening of the hose storage door 80, and makes it possible to rewind the fire hose 114 with the sub-door and hose storage door 80 open.

[0253] As another method for rewinding the fire hose 114, first, the fire hose 114 is removed from the hose joint 112 of the first housing 60a, and the entire fire hose 114 is pulled out to the outside through the open door opening of the fire hydrant door 64. Next, the hose storage door 80 of the third housing 60c is opened, and the rear end of the fire hose 114 (the end that was connected to the hose joint 112) is inserted through the door opening, and connected to the hose joint 112 of the first housing 60a through the hose pull-out opening 88b of the third housing 60c and the hose pull-out opening 88a of the first housing 60a. In this state, the fire hose 114 may be similarly rewound through the door opening of the third housing 60c.

[0254] (others) Furthermore, the present invention includes appropriate modifications that do not impair the objects and advantages thereof, and is not limited to the numerical values ​​shown in the above embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0255] 10(10-1)~10(10-5): Fire hydrant equipment 12: Guard passage 1210: Gutter 1212: Lattice lid 14: Road 15: Tunnel wall 16: Air compressor 18: Air piping 20: Air head 22: Control valve 24: Lifesaving evacuation controller 25: Mounting base 2510: Hinge 2512: Thumb screw 2514: Nut 26: Fire hydrant unit 27: Water supply piping 28: Hose storage unit 30, 32: Lifesaving evacuation unit 33: Evacuee 34: Transmission line 35: Cylindrical case 36: Air nozzle 38: Horizontal pivot axis 3810: Horizontal swivel 3812: Fixed axis 3814, 4012: Lock screws 40: Vertical pivot axis 4010: Bearings 42: Pipe connection 44: Plumbing hose 46: Breathable area 48: Fire vehicle 50: Vehicle 52: Control line 54:Evacuation exit 55: Stand 60a: First cabinet 60b: Second cabinet 60c: 3rd cabinet 60d: 4th cabinet 60e: 5th cabinet 62a~62e: Decorative frames 64: Fire hydrant door 6410, 6610, 8010, 8610: Door opening and closing handles 65: Maintenance door 66: Fire extinguisher door 6612: Peephole 68: Electric door 69: Fire extinguisher 70: Auxiliary door 72: Red indicator light 74: Transmitter 76: Telephone Jack 78: Answer lamp 80: Hose storage door 82a, 82b: Left direction indicator 84a, 84b: Right direction indicator 85a, 85b: Speaker 86: Equipment door 88a, 88b: Hose outlet opening 90a, 90b, 90c: Water supply pipe holes 91a, 91b: Air pipe passage holes 92a, 92b: Wiring opening 94: Bulkhead 94a: Electrical equipment storage section 94b: Fire extinguisher storage compartment 96: Fire hydrant equipment storage area 98: Hose storage section 100: Intake piping 102: Branch piping 104: Piping 106: Water tap 108: Fire hydrant valve 110: Automatic pressure regulating valve 112: Hose fitting 114: Fire hose 116: Frame 118: Hose outlet 120: Water nozzle 122: Nozzle holder 124: Operation box 126: Fire hydrant valve opening / closing lever 128: Interlocking box 130: Pump start interlock switch 132: Pump start switch 134: Hose storage shelf structure 136: Shelf board material 138: Back plate 139: Hose pull-out space 140: Stay 142: Pin 144: Door opening and closing mechanism 145: Shaft 146: Fixed side shaft part 147: Damper mounting part 148: Damper 150: Disaster prevention receiving panel 154: Storage shelf 156: Portable respirator 160: Ventilation post 162: Blower fan 164: Post body 165: Mounting flange 166: Discharge elbow 168: Spherical bearing part 170: Ventilation outlet 172: Spherical shaft part 174: Lock screw 175: Anchor bolt 176: Intake elbow 180: Control unit 182: Transmission unit 184, 186, 190, 192: Drive circuit section 188: Audio driver

Claims

1. A lifesaving evacuation system installed in a guard passageway along the tunnel wall, A life-saving evacuation system characterized by having an air discharge device that discharges fresh air in a predetermined direction through which the upper body of an evacuee evacuating along the guard passage passes, thereby forming a breathable area.

2. 2. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 1, The air release equipment includes: air piping arranged along the tunnel wall surface between the disaster prevention devices installed at predetermined intervals on the road surface of the guard passage; a plurality of air heads connected to the air pipe at predetermined intervals and discharging fresh air toward the breathable area; an air supply source that is installed inside the monitor passage and supplies pressurized air to the air piping; A life-saving evacuation system comprising:

3. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air pipe is arranged along the tunnel wall at a predetermined height that exceeds the height of the evacuees, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the multiple air heads are connected to the air piping with the air release direction set diagonally downward so as to be directed toward the breathable area.

4. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air piping is arranged along the tunnel wall at a predetermined height that does not exceed the lower body of the evacuee, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the multiple air heads are connected to the air piping with the air release direction set obliquely upward so as to be directed toward the breathable area.

5. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air piping is arranged to a position that is half the installation distance from the center of the disaster prevention device to other disaster prevention devices adjacent to the center on both the left and right sides of the disaster prevention device, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the air supply source is provided for each air pipe of the disaster prevention device or for each air pipe of a plurality of the disaster prevention devices.

6. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air piping is arranged between each of the disaster prevention devices and another disaster prevention device adjacent to the disaster prevention device on either the left or right side, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the air supply source is provided for each air pipe of the disaster prevention device or for each air pipe of a plurality of the disaster prevention devices.

7. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air supply source is an air compressor that is electrically driven to compress air and supply the compressed air to the air piping; a control valve provided between the air compressor and the air piping, the control valve being opened in response to a control signal from a disaster prevention receiving panel in the event of a fire to supply air to the air head; A life-saving evacuation system comprising:

8. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air head is a cylindrical cover having an open end; an air nozzle installed on the bottom surface of the cylindrical cover and emitting air in the axial direction; a mounting base that supports the cylindrical cover on the air pipe so that the axial direction of the cylindrical cover can be changed three-dimensionally; A life-saving evacuation system comprising:

9. 3. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2, The air release equipment includes: A control valve is installed in the disaster prevention device, The air piping connected to the control valve is divided into a plurality of sections in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that, when a fire occurs in any of the sections, the disaster prevention receiving panel opens the control valves installed in the fire section and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the fire section, and releases air from the air head through the air piping connected to the control valves, thereby forming the breathable area.

10. 10. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 9, The disaster prevention receiving panel is a life-saving evacuation system characterized in that it forms the breathable area by releasing air from the air head so that an escape exit from the guard passage is included in one of the multiple sections to which air is released from the air head in the event of a fire.

11. 2. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 1, The air release equipment includes: a ventilation post that is installed in the guard passageway close to or in contact with the tunnel wall surface, with an intake port disposed in the interior space of the guard passageway and an outlet directed toward the breathable area; a blower provided on the intake side of the ventilation post, which draws air from the internal space of the monitor passage and discharges it into the breathable area; A life-saving evacuation system comprising:

12. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 11, The outlet of the air blowing post is disposed in a gutter formed in the road surface of the guard passage, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the gutter is covered with a lattice cover.

13. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 11, The air release equipment is divided into a plurality of sections in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, with each section corresponding to the intervals between the disaster prevention devices installed at predetermined intervals on the road surface of the guard passage, and This life-saving evacuation system is characterized in that, in the event of a fire occurring in any of the sections, the disaster prevention receiving panel forms the breathable area by releasing air from the ventilation posts installed in the fire section and a predetermined number of sections on both sides of the fire section.

14. 14. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 13, The disaster prevention receiving panel is a life-saving evacuation system characterized in that it forms the breathable area by releasing air from the ventilation post so that an escape exit from the guard passage is included in one of the multiple sections to which air is released from the ventilation post in the event of a fire.

15. The lifesaving evacuation system according to claim 2 or 11, The disaster prevention device includes: a device body that houses equipment for protecting people and objects from fires and the like; A life-saving evacuation unit is arranged on both sides of the device body and contains predetermined equipment used for evacuation guidance; A life-saving evacuation system comprising:

16. 16. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 15, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the life-saving evacuation unit is equipped with a direction indicator that shows the evacuation direction.

17. 17. The life-saving evacuation system of claim 16, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the direction indicator displays the direction away from the fire as the evacuation direction.

18. 17. The life-saving evacuation system of claim 16, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that, when a ventilation device that circulates ventilation airflow in the longitudinal direction is installed inside the tunnel, the direction indicator is positioned away from the location of the fire and indicates the downstream side of the ventilation airflow from the ventilation device as the evacuation direction.

19. 16. The life-saving evacuation system according to claim 15, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the life-saving evacuation unit is equipped with an audio device that outputs a predetermined guidance message to evacuees.

20. 20. The life-saving evacuation system of claim 19, A life-saving evacuation system characterized in that the audio device outputs a predetermined audio message to evacuees who reach the disaster prevention device, guiding them to move to the next disaster prevention device and a predetermined audio message guiding them to move to an emergency exit.

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