Vertically polarizing film

Abstract

To provide a vertically polarizing film having low haze, low dye bleeding, and excellent light resistance.SOLUTION: A vertical polarizing film is formed by curing a composition containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and a dichroic dye, the film having absorbance values satisfying formula (1) Az>(Ax+Ay) / 2, formula (2) 0.001≤Ax≤0.1 and formula (3) Ax(z=60) / Ax>5; the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystalline phase and including polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) in a mass ratio of 85 / 15 to 15 / 85 for compound (A) relative to compound (B); the amount of dichroic dye being less than 2.5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds; and the vertically polarizing film having a thickness of 0.65 μm or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a vertical polarizing film. [Background technology]

[0002] A known vertical polarizing film for imparting an anti-peeping function to displays of mobile phones, bank ATMs, etc. is manufactured by applying a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye onto a substrate and vertically aligning the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye with respect to the film plane (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-109653 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, in such conventional vertical polarizing films, depending on the external environmental conditions to which they are exposed after being attached to a layer or film such as a protective layer or an image display element, the dichroic dye contained in the vertical polarizing film tends to diffuse into or be deactivated in the protective layer or other layer adjacent to the vertical polarizing film, which can result in a decrease in light resistance over time. Also, optical films such as vertical polarizing films are always required to have low haze. An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical polarizing film having low haze, low dye migration, and excellent light resistance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following embodiments. [1] A vertical polarizing film that is a cured film of a composition containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and a dichroic dye, The absorbance of the vertical polarizing film is calculated by the following formulas (1) to (3): Az>(Ax+Ay) / 2 (1) 0.001≦Ax≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax>5 (3) [In formulas (1) to (3), Ax, Ay, Az and Ax(z=60) are all absorbances at the absorption maximum wavelengths of the dichroic dyes in the vertical polarizing film, Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light oscillating in the x-axis direction, Ay represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the y-axis direction, Az represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the z-axis direction, Ax (z=60) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light oscillating in the x-axis direction when the vertical polarizing film is rotated 60° around the y-axis. Fulfilling the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are compounds that exhibit a smectic liquid crystal phase, the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds contain a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) in a mass ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) of 85 / 15 to 15 / 85; the mass of the dichroic dye is less than 2.5 parts by mass when the total mass of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds is 100 parts by mass; The thickness of the vertical polarizing film is 0.65 μm or more. [2] Two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds each have the following formula (I): U 1 -V 1 -W 1 -(X 1 -Y 1 ) n -X 2 -W 2 -V 2 -U 2 (I) [In the formula, U 1 and U 2are each independently selected from a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a styryl group, a p-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl group, a carboxy group, an acetyl group, a hydroxy group, a carbamoyl group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an amino group, a formyl group, an isocyanato group, and an isothiocyanato group, a hydrogen atom, and a halogen atom; U 1 and U 2 at least one of the groups is a polymerizable group, V 1 and V 2 each independently represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and W 1 and W 2 -CH2- other than -CH2- linked to may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -S- or -NH-, W 1 and W 2 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group that is not an alkanediyl group or does not contain an alkanediyl group, X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a carbon atom constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom; X 1 and X 2 at least one of represents an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group or an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group; Y 1 represents -CH2CH2-, -COO-, -CHO-, -OCO- or a single bond, n is an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of X 1 and Y 1 may be the same or different from each other] The vertical polarizing film according to [1], represented by the formula: [3] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) are each represented by the following formula (I A ) and (I B ): U 1 A -V 1 A -W 1 A -(X 1 A -Y 1 A ) n -X 2 A -W 2 A -V 2 A -U 2 A (I A ) U 1 B -V 1 B -W 1 B -(X 1 B -Y 1 B ) n -X 2 B -W 2 B -V 2 B -U 2 B (I B ) [Formula (I A )~(I B ) inside, U 1 A and U 1 B is U 1 It means the same as U 2 A and U 2 B is U 2 It means the same as V 1 A and V 1B is V 1 It means the same as V 2 A and V 2 B is V 2 It means the same as W 1 A and W 1 B is W 1 It means the same as W 2 A and W 2 B is W 2 It means the same as X 1 A and X 1 B is X 1 It means the same as X 2 A and X 2 B is X 2 It means the same as Y 1 A and Y 1 B is Y 1 It means the same as n is an integer from 1 to 3. is expressed as X 1 A and X 1 B are the same group, Y 1 A and Y 1 B are the same group, X 2 A and X 2 B are the same group, If n is 2 or more, the corresponding X 1 A and X 1 B and are the same group, and the corresponding Y 1A and Y 1 B As long as the and are the same group, multiple X 1 A , Y 1 A , X 1 B and Y 1 B may be the same or different from each other, The following conditions (i) to (vi): (i)U 1 A and U 1 B different from; (ii)V 1 A and V 1 B different from; (iii)W 1 A and W 1 B different from; (iv)U 2 A and U 2 B different from; (v)V 2 A and V 2 B different from; (vi)W 2 A and W 2 B is different from The vertical polarizing film according to [2], which satisfies one or more of the above. [4]V 1 A and V 1 B are different, and / or V 2 A and V 2 B The vertical polarizing film according to [3] is different. [5]V 1 A The number of carbon atoms in 2 A The total number of carbon atoms in A And V 1B The number of carbon atoms in 2 B The total number of carbon atoms in B Then, C A and C B is represented by the following formula (II): C A >C B (II) [4] The vertical polarizing film according to [4], which satisfies the above. [6]X 1 and X 2 At least one of the groups represents an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group. [7] The vertical polarizing film according to any one of [2] to [6], wherein the polymerizable group is an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vertical polarizing film having low haze, low dye migration and excellent light resistance. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vertical polarizing film of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described here, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0009] [Vertical polarizing film] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention is a cured film of a composition containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and a dichroic dye (hereinafter, also referred to as a "vertical polarizing film-forming composition").

[0010] The absorbance of the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is expressed by the following formulas (1) to (3): Az>(Ax+Ay) / 2 (1) 0.001≦Ax≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax>5 (3) [In formulas (1) to (3), Ax, Ay, Az and Ax(z=60) are all absorbances at the absorption maximum wavelengths of the dichroic dyes in the vertical polarizing film, Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light oscillating in the x-axis direction, Ay represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the y-axis direction, Az represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the z-axis direction, Ax (z=60) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light oscillating in the x-axis direction when the vertical polarizing film is rotated 60° around the y-axis. The x-axis indicates any direction within the plane of the vertical polarizing film, the y-axis indicates a direction perpendicular to the x-axis within the plane, and the z-axis indicates the thickness direction of the vertical polarizing film (see Figure 1). Ax can be measured by incident linearly polarized light oscillating in the x-axis direction toward the film surface from the z-axis direction. Ay can be measured by incident linearly polarized light oscillating in the y-axis direction toward the film surface from the z-axis direction. Az can be measured, for example, by incident linearly polarized light oscillating in the z-axis direction toward the side surface of the film from the xy plane, i.e., perpendicular to the side surface (thickness direction) when the film is in the xy plane. Ax (z = 60) can be measured by rotating the film 60° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation and then incident the same linearly polarized light as that used to measure Ax. Here, the film is rotated by 60° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation of the film in the state in which Ax was measured, relative to the incident direction of the linearly polarized light.

[0011] The absorbance in the z-axis direction in equation (1) is difficult to measure because the light is incident from the side of the film. Therefore, assuming that the angle between the vibration plane of the linearly polarized light (measurement light) and the xy plane of the film is 90°, the absorbance in the z-axis direction can be estimated by measuring with the xy plane of the film tilted 60° from the vibration plane toward the direction of incidence of the linearly polarized light. Specifically, it can be estimated using the following method. With the film rotated 60° about the y-axis as the axis of rotation, Ax(z = 60) is measured by incident linearly polarized light identical to the linearly polarized light for which Ax was measured. Similarly, with the film rotated 60° about the x-axis as the axis of rotation, Ay(z = 60) is measured by incident linearly polarized light identical to the linearly polarized light for which Ay was measured. At this time, if Ax < Ax(z = 60), then Ax < Ax(z = 60) < Ax(z = 90) = Az, and if Ay < Ay(z = 60), then Ay < Ay(z = 60) < Ay(z = 90) = Az. Thus, it can be said that the measured film necessarily satisfies formula (1).

[0012] Particularly, when there is no optical absorption anisotropy in the x-y plane, that is, when Ax and Ay are equal, since Ax(z = 60) = Ay(z = 60), if Ax < Ax(z = 60), then the relationship Ax < Ax(z = 60) < Ax(z = 90) = Az is satisfied, and the relationship Ay < Ay(z = 60) < Ay(z = 90) = Az is satisfied. Further, if Ax(z = 60) > (Ax + Ay) / 2, it can be said that necessarily Az satisfies formula (1).

[0013] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention also satisfies the above formula (2). The above formula (2) means that the absorbance in the front direction within the plane of the vertical polarizing film is 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less. It can be said that the smaller the value of Ax, the more accurately the dichroic dye is oriented in the vertical direction with respect to the plane of the vertical polarizing film. When Ax exceeds 0.1, the coloring in the front direction of the vertical polarizing film becomes strong, and the front hue tends to be inferior when applied to a display device in combination with a protective layer or the like. From the viewpoint of coloring in the front direction of the vertical polarizing film, Ax is preferably 0.150 or less, more preferably 0.100 or less, and particularly preferably 0.050 or less. Also, the lower limit value of Ax is usually 0.001 or more, preferably 0.005 or more or 0.010 or more.

[0014] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention also satisfies the above formula (3). The larger the value of Ax(z=60) / Ax, the better the light absorption anisotropy. Ax(z=60) / Ax is preferably 5.0 or more, more preferably 10.0 or more, and particularly preferably 10.5 or more. The upper limit of Ax(z=60) / Ax is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 50 or less or 30 or less.

[0015] When a vertical polarizing film satisfies all of the formulas (1), (2), and (3), it can be said to have excellent light absorption anisotropy, i.e., excellent polarization performance. This excellent performance allows the vertical polarizing film to effectively transmit light from the front direction and effectively absorb light from directions oblique to the surface of the vertical polarizing film. By selecting the types of two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and dichroic dyes used in the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film, the types of polymerizable non-liquid crystal compounds, if used, and their blending ratios, the vertical polarizing film can be adjusted to satisfy all of formulas (1), (2), and (3).

[0016] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention is a cured film of a composition containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and one or more dichroic dyes. The mass of the dichroic dye is less than 2.5 parts by mass when the total mass of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds is 100 parts by mass. The inventors have unexpectedly found that by adjusting the amount of dichroic dye in the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film to less than the upper limit described above, the vertical polarizing film can have low dye migration and excellent light resistance. The reason for this is not clear, but the following is thought to be a non-limiting reason. Generally, when a vertical polarizing film is irradiated with light of a certain intensity or higher, the absorbance of the film decreases. One reason for this is thought to be that the dye molecules contained in the film absorb light, which causes an electronic transition, resulting in an excited state and self-cleavage (decomposition). Another reason is thought to be that energy transfer occurs from dye molecules that absorb light and become excited to dye molecules in the ground state, causing the dye molecules in the ground state to become excited and self-cleave. This energy transfer is more likely to occur the closer the distance between dye molecules (i.e., the higher the dye concentration in the vertical polarizing film). Since the dichroic dye concentration in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is below a specific value, the energy transfer and the resulting self-cleavage of the dichroic dye are thought to be less likely to occur. Furthermore, since the dichroic dye concentration in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is below a specific value, the number of dichroic dye molecules that can become excited and self-cleave is small. Thus, the excellent light resistance of the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is thought to be related to the reduced self-cleavage of the dichroic dye. Furthermore, since the concentration of the dichroic dye in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is less than a specific value, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can favorably encapsulate and retain the dichroic dye, and as a result, it is believed that the migration of the dye from the vertical polarizing film can be favorably suppressed, i.e., the vertical polarizing film can have low dye migration. The fact that the vertical polarizing film has low dye migration properties can suppress the diffusion of dichroic dye from the vertical polarizing film to adjacent layers or films, and can also suppress the deterioration of the polarization properties or light resistance of the vertical polarizing film that would otherwise be caused by such diffusion.

[0017] From the viewpoints of dye migration and lightfastness, the mass of one or more dichroic dyes is preferably 1.00 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.80 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.60 parts by mass or less, when the total mass of two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds is 100 parts by mass. From the viewpoint of the absorbance of the vertical polarizing film, the lower limit of the mass of the dichroic dyes is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more (e.g., 0.20 parts by mass or more or 0.30 parts by mass or more). When the vertical polarizing film contains two or more dichroic dyes, it is preferable that the total amount of the dichroic dyes is not more than the upper limit and not less than the lower limit.

[0018] The thickness of the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is 0.65 μm or more. The present inventors have unexpectedly found that when the thickness of the vertical polarizing film is 0.65 μm or more, the light resistance of the vertical polarizing film can be improved. From the viewpoint of suppressing light resistance, the thickness of the vertical polarizing film is preferably 0.70 μm or more, more preferably 0.80 μm or more, and particularly preferably 1.00 μm or more. From the viewpoint of thinning, the thickness of the vertical polarizing film is preferably 5.00 μm or less, more preferably 3.00 μm or less, and particularly preferably 2.00 μm or less. The thickness of the vertical polarizing film and the thickness of the protective layer or substrate, which will be described later, can be measured using a laser microscope, a film thickness meter, or the like. It is common knowledge in the art to reduce the thickness of a vertical polarizing film from the viewpoint of thinning, etc., and it is also common knowledge in the art to increase the amount of dichroic dye contained in a vertical polarizing film to compensate for the decrease in dichroic dye concentration that accompanies the reduction to a level at which the vertical polarizing film can exhibit desired polarization performance. Under these circumstances, the present inventors have unexpectedly discovered that a vertical polarizing film having excellent light resistance can be obtained by not reducing the thickness of the vertical polarizing film but setting it to a specific value or more, and not increasing the proportion of the dichroic dye in the vertical polarizing film but setting it to a specific value or less.

[0019] The product of the thickness (μm) of the vertical polarizing film and the amount (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the composition for forming the vertical polarizing film is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 μm parts by mass, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 μm parts by mass, from the viewpoint of the light resistance of the vertical polarizing film.

[0020] <Polymerizable liquid crystal compound> The two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (preferably uncolored polymerizable liquid crystal compounds, i.e., non-colored polymerizable liquid crystal compounds) contained in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention are compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase. By using a polymerizable liquid crystal compound exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase, a vertical polarizing film having a high degree of orientational order and excellent polarizing function in directions oblique to the surface of the vertical polarizing film can be formed. From the viewpoint of achieving a higher degree of orientational order, the liquid crystal state exhibited by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferably a high-order smectic phase (high-order smectic liquid crystal state). Here, the high-order smectic phase refers to a smectic B phase, a smectic D phase, a smectic E phase, a smectic F phase, a smectic G phase, a smectic H phase, a smectic I phase, a smectic J phase, a smectic K phase, or a smectic L phase. Among these, the smectic B phase, the smectic F phase, and the smectic I phase are more preferred. The liquid crystal may be either thermotropic or lyotropic, but thermotropic liquid crystal is preferred because it allows precise control of the film thickness. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a monomer, or may be an oligomer or polymer in which a polymerizable group is polymerized.

[0021] The two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds include a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) in a mass ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) [mass of polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) / mass of polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B)] of 85 / 15 to 15 / 85. If the mass ratio deviates from this range, it is difficult to obtain a vertical polarizing film with the desired haze. If the mass ratio is within this range, the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds can incorporate the dichroic dye in a suitable mixed state, resulting in a low haze in the resulting vertical polarizing film. From the viewpoint of haze, the mass ratio is preferably 80 / 20 to 20 / 80, more preferably 75 / 25 to 25 / 75, and particularly preferably 70 / 30 to 30 / 70.

[0022] Each of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds is preferably represented by the following formula (I): U 1 -V 1 -W 1 -(X 1 -Y 1 ) n -X 2 -W 2 -V 2 -U 2 (I) [In the formula, U 1 and U 2 are each independently selected from a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a styryl group, a p-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl group, a carboxy group, an acetyl group, a hydroxy group, a carbamoyl group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an amino group, a formyl group, an isocyanato group, and an isothiocyanato group, a hydrogen atom, and a halogen atom; U 1 and U 2 at least one of the groups is a polymerizable group, V 1 and V 2each independently represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and W 1 and W 2 -CH2- other than -CH2- linked to may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -S- or -NH-, W 1 and W 2 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group that is not an alkanediyl group or does not contain an alkanediyl group, X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a carbon atom constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom; X 1 and X 2 at least one of represents an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group or an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group; Y 1 represents -CH2CH2-, -COO-, -CHO-, -OCO- or a single bond, n is an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of X 1 and Y 1 may be the same or different from each other] It is a compound represented by the formula:

[0023] U 1 and / or U 2 are polymerizable groups, the polymerizable groups are preferably selected independently from the group consisting of vinyl, vinyloxy, 1-chlorovinyl, isopropenyl, 4-vinylphenyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, oxiranyl and oxetanyl groups, more preferably consisting of acryloyloxy or methacryloyloxy groups. In one embodiment, U 1 and U 2 It is preferred that both of the groups are polymerizable groups. In another embodiment, U 1 and U 2 may be different from each other, but are preferably the same group.

[0024] V 1 and V 2 Examples of the alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by the formula (V) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, an undecane-1,11-diyl group, a tetradecane-1,14-diyl group, and an icosane-1,20-diyl group. 1 and V 2 is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkanediyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0025] Examples of the substituent that the alkanediyl group may have optionally include a cyano group and a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom. However, the alkanediyl group is preferably unsubstituted, and more preferably an unsubstituted linear alkanediyl group.

[0026] W 1 and W 2 are each independently more preferably a single bond, -O-, -S-, -COO- or -OCOO-, and particularly preferably a single bond or -O-.

[0027] X 1 and X 2 preferably each independently represent an unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom, but more preferably the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group are unsubstituted. X 1 and X2 At least one of the groups preferably represents an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group or an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, more preferably an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, and particularly preferably a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group.

[0028] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) may further comprise a compound represented by the following formula: -(X 1 -Y 1 ) n -X 2 - [In the formula, X 1 , Y 1 , X 2 and n have the same meanings as above] It is preferable that the portion represented by has an asymmetric structure. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound having an asymmetric structure in the above moiety may be, for example, a compound in which n is 1 and one X 1 and X 2 and Y are different from each other. 1 are compounds having the same structure as each other, and two X 1 have the same structure as each other, and one X 2 These two X 1 Polymerizable liquid crystal compounds with different structures, two X 1 Of the W 1 X binds to 1 But the other X 1 and X 2 The other X 1 and X 2 The two Y polymerizable liquid crystal compounds have the same structure. 1 are different structures, and two X 1 have the same structure as each other, and one X 2 These two X 1 Furthermore, there are also polymerizable liquid crystal compounds having a structure different from that of the compound represented by the formula (1). 1 are compounds having the same structure as each other, and three X 1 and one X2 Examples of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds include those in which any one of the following structures is different from all of the other three structures.

[0029] Y 1 preferably represents -CH2CH2-, -COO-, -CH2O-, -OCO- or a single bond. 1 If there is an X 2 Y bonded with 1 is -CH2CH2- or -OCO-, and X 2 Y does not bond with 1 More preferably, is -CH2CH2-, -COO- or a single bond.

[0030] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) preferably has an asymmetric molecular structure, and more preferably has the following partial structures (Ia) to (Ii) as specific examples. From the viewpoint of being able to exhibit a high-order smectic liquid crystal phase, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) more preferably has the partial structure (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic). In the following (Ia) to (Ii), * represents a bond (single bond).

[0031] [ka]

[0032] Examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) include non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compounds represented by the following formulae (I-1) to (I-26): When the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) has a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group is preferably a trans isomer.

[0033] [ka]

[0034] [ka]

[0035] [ka]

[0036] [ka]

[0037] [ka]

[0038] Among these, two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (A-2), formula (A-3), formula (A-4), formula (A-6), formula (A-7), formula (A-8), formula (A-13), formula (A-14), formula (A-15) and formula (A-26) are preferred.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) contained in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention are each preferably represented by the following formula (I): A ) and (I B ): U 1 A -V 1 A -W 1 A -(X 1 A -Y 1 A ) n -X 2 A -W 2 A -V 2 A -U 2 A (I A ) U 1 B -V 1 B -W 1 B -(X 1 B -Y1 B ) n -X 2 B -W 2 B -V 2 B -U 2 B (I B ) [Formula (I A )~(I B ) inside, U 1 A and U 1 B is U 1 It means the same as U 2 A and U 2 B is U 2 It means the same as V 1 A and V 1 B is V 1 It means the same as V 2 A and V 2 B is V 2 It means the same as W 1 A and W 1 B is W 1 It means the same as W 2 A and W 2 B is W 2 It means the same as X 1 A and X 1 B is X 1 It means the same as X 2 A and X 2 B is X 2 It means the same as Y 1A and Y 1 B is Y 1 It means the same as n is an integer from 1 to 3. is expressed as X 1 A and X 1 B are the same group, Y 1 A and Y 1 B are the same group, X 2 A and X 2 B are the same group, If n is 2 or more, the corresponding X 1 A and X 1 B and are the same group, and the corresponding Y 1 A and Y 1 B As long as the and are the same group, multiple X 1 A , Y 1 A , X 1 B and Y 1 B may be the same or different from each other, The following conditions (i) to (vi): (i)U 1 A and U 1 B different from; (ii)V 1 A and V 1 B different from; (iii)W 1 A and W 1 B different from; (iv)U 2 A and U 2 B different from; (v)V 2 A and V 2 B different from; (vi)W 2 A and W 2 B is different from Satisfy one or more of the following. 1 A , U 1 B , U 2 A , U 2 B , V 1 A , V 1 B , V 2 A , V 2 B , W 1 A , W 1 B , W 2 A , W 2 B , X 1 A , X 1 B , X 2 A , X 2 B , Y 1 A and Y 1 B are the preferred U 1 , U 2 , V 1 , V 2 , W 1 , W 2 , X 1 , X 2 and Y 1 In this embodiment, the vertical polarizing film exhibits lower haze, lower dye migration, and better light fastness, and can effectively absorb light from a direction oblique to the surface of the vertical polarizing film.

[0040] In this embodiment, in terms of haze, V 1 Aand V 1 B are different, and / or V 2 A and V 2 B It is more preferable that they are different. In addition, from the viewpoints of haze, dye migration and lightfastness, V 1 A The number of carbon atoms in 2 A The total number of carbon atoms in A And V 1 B The number of carbon atoms in 2 B The total number of carbon atoms in B Then, C A and C B is represented by the following formula (II): C A >C B (II) It is preferable that the following is satisfied.

[0041] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) can be produced by a known method, for example, as described in Lub et al., Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996) or Japanese Patent No. 4719156.

[0042] In the present invention, the vertical polarizing film is preferably formed containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds represented by formula (I), and the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film preferably contains two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds represented by formula (I). The proportion of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds represented by formula (I) contained in the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film is preferably 51% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 90% by mass or more, particularly preferably 95% by mass or more, and may even be 100% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compounds contained in the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film. When the proportion of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds represented by formula (I) is equal to or greater than the lower limit, a vertical polarizing film with a higher degree of orientational order can be obtained.

[0043] The content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film is preferably 40 to 99.9 mass %, more preferably 60 to 99 mass %, and even more preferably 70 to 99 mass %, based on the solid content of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film. When the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is within the above range, the alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound tends to be higher.

[0044] <Dichroic dye> The dichroic dye contained in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention refers to a dye having the property (dichroism) of having different absorbance in the long axis direction of the molecule and absorbance in the short axis direction. The dichroic dye that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned property, and may be a dye or a pigment. Furthermore, one type of dichroic dye may be used, or two or more types of dyes or pigments may be used in combination, or a dye and a pigment may be used in combination. Furthermore, the dichroic dye may be polymerizable or may have liquid crystal properties.

[0045] As for dichroic dyes, those with a maximum absorption wavelength (λ ) in the wavelength range of 300 to 700 nm in a vertical polarizing film are MAX ) is preferred.

[0046] Examples of such dichroic dyes include acridine dyes, oxazine dyes, cyanine dyes, naphthalene dyes, azo dyes, and anthraquinone dyes. Among these, azo dyes are preferred. Examples of azo dyes include monoazo dyes, bisazo dyes, trisazo dyes, tetrakisazo dyes, and stilbene azo dyes, with bisazo dyes and trisazo dyes being preferred.

[0047] An example of the azo dye is a compound represented by formula (III) (hereinafter also referred to as "compound (III)"). K 1 (-N=NK 2 ) p -N=NK 3 (III) In formula (III), K 1 and K. 3represent, independently of each other, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted naphthyl group, an optionally substituted benzoic acid phenyl ester group, or an optionally substituted monovalent heterocyclic group. 2 represents a p-phenylene group which may have a substituent, a naphthalene-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent, a 4,4'-stilbenylene group which may have a substituent, or a divalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. p represents an integer of 0 to 4. When p is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of K 2 may be the same or different. The -N=N- bond may be replaced with a -C=C-, -COO-, -NHCO-, or -N=CH- bond as long as the compound exhibits absorption in the visible region.

[0048] Examples of monovalent heterocyclic groups include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline, thiazole, benzothiazole, thienothiazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, oxazole, and benzoxazole. Examples of divalent heterocyclic groups include groups in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from the above heterocyclic compounds.

[0049] K 1 and K. 3 Phenyl group, naphthyl group, benzoic acid phenyl ester group and monovalent heterocyclic group in 2In the formula (I), the p-phenylene group, the naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, the 4,4'-stilbenylene group, and the divalent heterocyclic group may optionally have a substituent, such as an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a polymerizable group, or an alkenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a butoxy group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a polymerizable group; a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as a trifluoromethyl group; Examples of the polymerizable group include an ano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, and substituted or unsubstituted amino groups such as an amino group, a diethylamino group, and a pyrrolidino group (a substituted amino group refers to an amino group having one or two alkyl groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino group having one or two alkyl groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a polymerizable group, or an amino group in which two substituted alkyl groups are bonded to form an alkanediyl group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms. An unsubstituted amino group is -NH2). Examples of the polymerizable group include a (meth)acryloyl group and a (meth)acryloyloxy group.

[0050] Among the compounds (III), compounds represented by any one of the following formulae (III-1) to (III-8) are preferred. [ka] In formulas (III-1) to (III-8), B 1 ~B 30 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group (the definitions of a substituted amino group and an unsubstituted amino group are as defined above), a chlorine atom, or a trifluoromethyl group. n1 to n4 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3. If n1 is 2 or more, multiple B 2 may be the same or different from each other, If n2 is 2 or more, multiple B 6 may be the same or different from each other, If n3 is 2 or more, multiple B 9may be the same or different from each other, If n4 is 2 or more, multiple B 14 may be the same or different from each other.

[0051] The anthraquinone dye is preferably a compound represented by formula (III-9). [ka] In formula (III-9), R 1 ~R 8 are, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH2, -NHR x , -NR x 2, -SR x or a halogen atom. R x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0052] The oxazine dye is preferably a compound represented by formula (III-10). [ka] In formula (III-10), R 9 ~R 15 are, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH2, -NHR x , -NR x 2, -SR x or a halogen atom. R x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0053] The acridine dye is preferably a compound represented by formula (III-11). [ka] In formula (III-11), R 16 ~R 23are, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH2, -NHR x , -NR x 2, -SR x or a halogen atom. R x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. In formula (III-9), formula (III-10) and formula (III-11), R x Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group, and examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a toluyl group, a xylyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0054] As the cyanine dye, compounds represented by formula (III-12) and compounds represented by formula (III-13) are preferred. [ka] In formula (III-12), D 1 and D 2 each independently represents a group represented by any one of formulas (III-12a) to (III-12d). [ka] n5 represents an integer of 1 to 3. [ka] In formula (III-13), D 3 and D 4 each independently represents a group represented by any one of formulas (III-13a) to (III-13h). [ka] n6 represents an integer of 1 to 3.

[0055] The dichroic dyes may be used alone or in combination. Azo dyes have high linearity and are therefore suitable for producing vertical polarizing films with excellent polarization performance. From the viewpoint of polarization performance and dye migration prevention performance, K in the above formula (III) 1 ~K 3 Preferably, the azo dye contains at least one of thienothiazole or benzothiazole. When polarization properties are required over the entire visible light range, the polarization properties can be controlled by combining preferably two or more, more preferably three or more, dichroic dyes.

[0056] When multiple dichroic dyes are combined, it is preferable to include at least one dichroic dye that has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm in the vertical polarizing film. When two dichroic dyes are combined, it is preferable to include one that has a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 350 to 499 nm or 601 to 750 nm. When three dichroic dyes are combined, it is preferable to include dichroic dyes that have a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 350 to 499 nm, 500 to 600 nm, and 601 to 750 nm, respectively. By combining dichroic dyes in this way, the polarizing function in directions oblique to the surface of the vertical polarizing film can be further improved, and the vertical polarizing film can be suitable for use, for example, as an optical film for preventing peeping.

[0057] Depending on the application of the vertical polarizing film, the dichroic dye to be used may be selected to impart specific light absorption properties to the vertical polarizing film. In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical polarizing film may have a maximum absorption in the wavelength range of 550 nm to 700 nm, or may have a maximum absorption in the wavelength range of 550 nm to 700 nm and not have a maximum absorption in the wavelength range of 400 nm to less than 550 nm.

[0058] The weight-average molecular weight of the dichroic dye is usually 300 to 2,000, and preferably 400 to 1,000.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dichroic dye constituting the vertical polarizing film is preferably hydrophobic. When the dichroic dye is hydrophobic, the compatibility between the dichroic dye and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is improved, and the dichroic dye and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound form a uniform phase state, resulting in a vertical polarizing film with high alignment order. In the present invention, a hydrophobic dichroic dye refers to a dye whose solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is 1 g or less.

[0060] The composition for forming a vertical polarizing film may contain, as components other than the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and the dichroic dye, a polymerization initiator, a leveling agent, other additives, and a solvent.

[0061] <Polymerization initiator> The polymerization initiator is a compound capable of initiating the polymerization reaction of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound or the like. As the polymerization initiator, a photopolymerization initiator that generates active radicals or acids under the action of light is preferred, as it can initiate the polymerization reaction under lower temperature conditions, and a photopolymerization initiator that generates radicals under the action of light is more preferred. The polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0062] As the photopolymerization initiator, known photopolymerization initiators can be used. For example, photopolymerization initiators that generate active radicals include self-cleavage type photopolymerization initiators and hydrogen abstraction type photopolymerization initiators. Examples of the self-cleaving photopolymerization initiator that can be used include self-cleaving benzoin compounds, acetophenone compounds, hydroxyacetophenone compounds, α-aminoacetophenone compounds, oxime ester compounds, acylphosphine oxide compounds, and azo compounds. Examples of the hydrogen abstraction photopolymerization initiator that can be used include hydrogen abstraction benzophenone compounds, benzoin ether compounds, benzil ketal compounds, dibenzosuberone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, xanthone compounds, thioxanthone compounds, halogenoacetophenone compounds, dialkoxyacetophenone compounds, halogenobisimidazole compounds, halogenotriazine compounds, and triazine compounds.

[0063] As the photopolymerization initiator that generates an acid, an iodonium salt, a sulfonium salt, or the like can be used.

[0064] Among these, a reaction at low temperature is preferred from the viewpoint of preventing dissolution of the dye, and a self-cleaving photopolymerization initiator is preferred from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency at low temperature, and an acetophenone-based compound, a hydroxyacetophenone-based compound, an α-aminoacetophenone-based compound, or an oxime ester-based compound is particularly preferred.

[0065] Specific examples of the photopolymerization initiator include the following: benzoin compounds such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether and benzoin isobutyl ether; hydroxyacetophenone compounds such as 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1,2-diphenyl-2,2-dimethoxyethan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]propan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and oligomers of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propan-1-one; α-aminoacetophenone compounds such as 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)propan-1-one and 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one; Oxime ester compounds such as 1,2-octanedione, 1-[4-(phenylthio)-, 2-(O-benzoyloxime)], ethanone, 1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-, 1-(O-acetyloxime); acylphosphine oxide compounds such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide; benzophenone compounds such as benzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenyl sulfide, 3,3',4,4'-tetra(tert-butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone; Dialkoxyacetophenone compounds such as diethoxyacetophenone; 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxynaphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxystyryl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine Triazine compounds such as riazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine. The photopolymerization initiator may be appropriately selected from the above-mentioned photopolymerization initiators, taking into account the relationship with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound forming the vertical polarizing film and the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound, if used.

[0066] Alternatively, commercially available photopolymerization initiators may be used. Examples of commercially available polymerization initiators include Irgacure (registered trademark) 907, 184, 651, 819, 250, 369, 379, 127, 754, OXE01, OXE02, and OXE03 (manufactured by BASF); Omnirad BCIM, Esacure 1001M, and Esacure KIP160 (manufactured by IDM Resins). BV); Seikuol (registered trademark) BZ, Z, and BEE (Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.); Kayacure (registered trademark) BP100 and UVI-6992 (Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.); Adeka Optomer SP-152, N-1717, N-1919, SP-170, Adeka Arcles NCI-831, Adeka Arcles NCI-930 (ADEKA Corporation); TAZ-A and TAZ-PP (Nihon SiberHegner Co., Ltd.); and TAZ-104 (Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0067] When the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film contains a polymerization initiator, the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, still more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. When the content of the polymerization initiator is within the above range, the polymerization reaction can be carried out without significantly disturbing the alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0068] <Leveling agent> The vertical polarizing film may contain a leveling agent. The leveling agent adjusts the fluidity of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film and makes the coating film obtained by applying the composition flatter. Specific examples include surfactants. A preferred leveling agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of leveling agents containing a polyacrylate compound as a main component and leveling agents containing a fluorine atom-containing compound as a main component. The leveling agents can be used alone or in combination.

[0069] Examples of leveling agents containing polyacrylate compounds as their main components include BYK-350, BYK-352, BYK-353, BYK-354, BYK-355, BYK-358N, BYK-361N, BYK-380, BYK-381, and BYK-392 (BYK Chemie).

[0070] Examples of leveling agents containing a fluorine atom-containing compound as a main component include Megafac (registered trademark) R-08, R-30, R-90, F-410, F-411, F-443, F-445, F-470, F-471, F-477, F-479, F-482, F-483, and F-556 (DIC Corporation); Surflon (registered trademark) S-381, S-382, S-383, S-393, SC-101, SC-105, KH-40, and SA-100 (AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.); E1830, E5844 (Daikin Fine Chemical Research Institute, Inc.); F-top EF301, F-top EF303, F-top EF351, and F-top EF352 (Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals Co., Ltd.).

[0071] When the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film contains a leveling agent, the content thereof is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. When the content of the leveling agent is within the above range, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be suitably aligned, and a smoother vertical polarizing film tends to be obtained.

[0072] <Other additives> Examples of other additives include polymerizable non-liquid crystal compounds, photosensitizers, antioxidants, release agents, stabilizers, colorants such as bluing agents, flame retardants, and lubricants. These other additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film contains other additives, the content thereof is preferably more than 0% and not more than 20% by mass, and more preferably more than 0% and not more than 10% by mass, based on the solid content of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film.

[0073] (Polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound) In this specification, the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound means a compound which has a polymerizable group and does not have a liquid crystal state between solid and liquid even when the temperature changes. It is preferable that the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound (i) is not colored by itself (absorbs visible light), (ii) has compatibility with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to such an extent that it can be uniformly mixed with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and (iii) does not inhibit the formation of a liquid crystal state exhibited by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. The polymerizable non-liquid crystal compounds can be used alone or in combination of two kinds.

[0074] In the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film, the polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound is preferably the same as the polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. When two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds have multiple types of polymerizable groups and the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound has one or multiple types of polymerizable groups, it is preferable that at least one polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is the same as at least one polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound.

[0075] Examples of the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound include monofunctional acrylates and polyfunctional acrylates. A monofunctional acrylate refers to an acrylate having one polymerizable group, and a polyfunctional acrylate refers to an acrylate having multiple polymerizable groups. Polyfunctional acrylates are preferred from the viewpoint of continuous polymerization reaction between the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound. The number of polymerizable groups in the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 2 to 6.

[0076] More preferred examples of the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound include monofunctional acrylates and polyfunctional acrylates having the characteristics (i), (ii), and (iii) above and containing 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 6, polymerizable groups in the molecule. Since such monofunctional acrylates and polyfunctional acrylates are non-liquid crystal, they preferably do not have a mesogenic structure. Furthermore, the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound may contain a urethane structure, an amino structure, an epoxy structure, an ethylene glycol structure, or a polyester structure in the molecule, as long as the smectic liquid crystal phase of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the vertical polarizing film obtained from the vertical polarizing film-forming composition is not disrupted.

[0077] A monofunctional acrylate is a compound having one group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a (meth)acryloyloxy group) selected from the group consisting of an acryloyloxy group (CH2=CH-COO-) and a methacryloyloxy group (CH2=C(CH3)-COO-) in the molecule. When the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound is a monofunctional acrylate, it is preferable that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound also has a (meth)acryloyloxy group.

[0078] Examples of monofunctional acrylates having one (meth)acryloyloxy group include alkyl (meth)acrylates having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, β-carboxyalkyl (meth)acrylates having 2 to 14 carbon atoms, alkylated phenyl (meth)acrylates having 2 to 14 carbon atoms, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, phenoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and isobornyl (meth)acrylate.

[0079] A polyfunctional acrylate is a compound having usually 2 to 6 (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule. When the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound is a polyfunctional acrylate, it is preferable that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound also has a (meth)acryloyloxy group.

[0080] Examples of bifunctional acrylates having two (meth)acryloyloxy groups include 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate; 1,3-butanediol (meth)acrylate; 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate; ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate; triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; polyethylene glycol diacrylate; bis(acryloyloxyethyl)ether of bisphenol A; ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate; propoxylated neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate; ethoxylated neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, and 3-methylpentanediol di(meth)acrylate.

[0081] Examples of polyfunctional acrylates having 3 to 6 (meth)acryloyloxy groups include: Trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate;Pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate;Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate;Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate;Propoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate;Pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate;Dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate;Dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate;Tripentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate;Tripentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate;Tripentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate;Tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate;Tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate; Reaction products of pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate with acid anhydride;Reaction products of dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate with acid anhydride; Reaction products of tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate with acid anhydride; Caprolactone-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate;Caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol Examples of suitable polyfunctional acrylates include erythritol penta(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of caprolactone-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, a reaction product of caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, and a reaction product of caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride. In the specific examples of polyfunctional acrylates shown here, "(meth)acrylate" refers to acrylate or methacrylate. "Caprolactone-modified" refers to the introduction of a ring-opened form or ring-opened polymer of caprolactone between the alcohol-derived moiety and the (meth)acryloyloxy group of the (meth)acrylate compound.

[0082] Commercially available products can also be used as such polyfunctional acrylates. Examples of such commercially available products include A-DOD-N, A-HD-N, A-NOD-N, APG-100, APG-200, APG-400, A-GLY-9E, A-GLY-20E, A-TMM-3, A-TMPT, AD-TMP, ATM-35E, A-TMMT, A-9550, A-DPH, HD-N, NOD-N, NPG, and TMPT (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), and ARONIX "M-220", "M-325", "M-240", "M-270", "M-309", "M-310", "M-321", "M-350", "M-360", "M" -305”, “M-306”, “M-450”, “M-451”, “M-408”, “M-400”, “M-402”, “M-403”, “M-404”, “M-” Examples include 405", EBECRYL M-406 (manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.), EBECRYL 11, EBECRYL 145, EBECRYL 150, EBECRYL 40, EBECRYL 140, EBECRYL 180, DPGDA, HDDA, TPGDA, HPNDA, PETIA, PETRA, TMPTA, TMPEOTA, DPHA, and the EBECRYL series (manufactured by Daicel-Cytec Co., Ltd.).

[0083] Preferred examples of the polyfunctional acrylate include compounds represented by the following formulas (4-1) to (4-14). [ka]

[0084] The composition for forming a vertical polarizing film can be produced by a conventionally known method for preparing a liquid crystal composition, and can usually be prepared by mixing and stirring a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye, and, if necessary, a polymerization initiator, a leveling agent, other additives, a solvent, etc. Furthermore, since liquid crystal compounds that exhibit a smectic liquid crystal phase generally have high viscosity, the viscosity may be adjusted by adding a solvent to the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of improving the coatability of the liquid crystal composition and facilitating the formation of a vertical polarizing film.

[0085] <Solvent> When a solvent is used, the solvent may be appropriately selected depending on the solubility of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to be used, the polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound if used, the dichroic dye, etc. Preferably, the solvent is capable of completely dissolving the above components and is inactive to the polymerization reaction.

[0086] Examples of solvents include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and ethyl lactate; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane; and chlorine-containing solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0087] When a solvent is used, the content thereof is preferably 100 to 1900 parts by mass, more preferably 150 to 1000 parts by mass, and even more preferably 180 to 800 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film.

[0088] In the present invention, the vertical polarizing film is preferably a cured liquid crystal film with a high degree of orientational order. A cured liquid crystal film with a high degree of orientational order exhibits a Bragg peak derived from a higher-order structure such as a hexatic phase or a crystalline phase in X-ray diffraction measurement. A Bragg peak refers to a peak derived from the planar periodic structure of molecular orientation. Therefore, the vertical polarizing film of the present invention preferably exhibits a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurement. That is, in the vertical polarizing film of the present invention, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound or its polymer is preferably oriented so that the film exhibits a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurement. In the present invention, a vertical polarizing film in which the planar periodic spacing of the molecular orientation is 3.0 to 6.0 Å is preferred. A high degree of orientational order that exhibits a Bragg peak can be achieved by controlling the type of polymerizable liquid crystal compound used, the type or amount of dichroic dye, and the type or amount of polymerization initiator, if used, etc.

[0089] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention is a cured film of a composition for forming a vertical polarizing film, which contains two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and a dichroic dye. In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical polarizing film of the present invention may be laminated with a substrate and / or an alignment film. When the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is laminated with a substrate and / or an alignment film, the laminated structure may be vertical polarizing film / substrate, vertical polarizing film / alignment film, or vertical polarizing film / alignment film / substrate.

[0090] <Base material> The substrate can be a resin film substrate conventionally known in the field of optical films. The substrate is usually a transparent substrate. When the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is incorporated into another optical laminate or a display device, etc., and the substrate is not incorporated, for example, when the vertical polarizing film without the substrate is incorporated into the optical laminate, etc., the substrate does not need to be transparent. A transparent substrate refers to a substrate that has translucency that allows light, particularly visible light, to pass through, and translucency refers to a property that provides a luminosity-corrected transmittance of 80% or more for light rays with wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0091] Examples of resins constituting the substrate include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; cyclic olefin resins such as norbornene-based polymers; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; poly(meth)acrylic acid resins such as (meth)acrylic acid and polymethyl(meth)acrylate; cellulose ester resins such as triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate; vinyl alcohol resins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate; polycarbonate resins; polystyrene resins; polyarylate resins; polysulfone resins; polyethersulfone resins; polyamide resins; polyimide resins; polyetherketone resins; polyphenylene sulfide resins; polyphenylene oxide resins; and mixtures thereof. Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, cellulose ester resins, cyclic olefin resins, polyester resins, and poly(meth)acrylic acid resins is preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Such resins can be formed into a film by known means such as solvent casting or melt extrusion to form a substrate.

[0092] Commercially available products may be used as the substrate or the resin constituting the substrate. Examples of commercially available cellulose ester resin film substrates include Fujitac Film (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.); KC8UX2M, KC8UY, and KC4UY (all manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.). Commercially available cyclic olefin resin substrates include S-Cina (registered trademark), SCA40 (registered trademark) (both manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.), ZeonorFilm (registered trademark) (manufactured by Optes Co., Ltd.), and ArtonFilm (registered trademark) (manufactured by JSR Corporation). Commercially available cyclic olefin resins include Topas (registered trademark) (manufactured by Ticona GmbH, Germany), Arton (registered trademark) (manufactured by JSR Corporation), ZEONOR (registered trademark), ZEONEX (registered trademark) (all manufactured by Zeon Corporation), and APEL (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.). Such cyclic olefin resins can be formed into a film by known means such as solvent casting or melt extrusion, to form a substrate.

[0093] The thickness of the substrate is preferably thin from the viewpoint of practical handling, but is preferably thick from the viewpoint of strength and processability. In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the substrate is preferably 5 μm to 300 μm, and more preferably 20 μm to 200 μm.

[0094] The substrate may have a protective film on the surface opposite to the surface on which the vertical alignment film is laminated. Examples of the protective film include films of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyolefin, etc., and films further comprising an adhesive layer. Among these, a polyethylene terephthalate film is preferred as the protective film because it undergoes little thermal deformation during drying. By having the protective film on the surface of the substrate opposite to the surface on which the vertical alignment film is laminated, shaking of the substrate or vibration of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film applied to the substrate can be suppressed during transport of the substrate, thereby improving the uniformity of the coating film of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film. The thickness of the protective film is not limited, but is usually 10 to 80 μm, preferably 20 to 60 μm, and more preferably 20 to 40 μm.

[0095] <Alignment film> The alignment film has an alignment-regulating force that aligns the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the desired direction, and by applying a composition for forming a vertical polarizing film onto the alignment film, a vertical polarizing film with high alignment accuracy can be easily obtained. The alignment film preferably has solvent resistance that prevents the composition from dissolving when applied, and also has heat resistance during heat treatment for removing the solvent or orienting the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Examples of such alignment films include alignment films and photo-alignment films containing an alignment polymer, and specific examples include alignment films or photo-alignment films containing an alignment polymer such as those described in JP 2016-27387 A.

[0096] The thickness of the alignment film is preferably 10 to 5000 nm, more preferably 10 to 1000 nm, still more preferably 10 to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 10 to 300 nm, 10 to 200 nm, or 30 to 100 nm. When the thickness of the alignment film is within the above range, good adhesion at the interface with the adjacent layer can be achieved, and an alignment control force can be exerted, allowing the formation of a vertical polarizing film with high alignment order.

[0097] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention may be laminated on an alignment film on which a substrate is laminated, and the above-mentioned alignment film laminated on the substrate can be used as the alignment film on which a substrate is laminated. The alignment film on which a substrate is laminated can be produced by a method including applying a composition containing an orienting polymer, such as that described in JP-A-2016-27387, to the substrate and drying the resulting coating.

[0098] [Manufacturing method of vertical polarizing film] In the present invention, a vertical polarizing film is obtained by orienting the absorption axis of a dichroic dye in a direction perpendicular to the film surface. The direction of the absorption axis of the dichroic dye in such a host-guest type vertical polarizing film is usually controlled by the orientation direction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. By orienting the molecular long axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in a direction perpendicular to the film surface, the absorption axis of the dichroic dye can usually be aligned in a direction perpendicular to the film surface. The orientation direction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be controlled by the properties of the substrate or alignment film to which the vertical polarizing film-forming composition containing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye is applied, as well as the properties of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0099] In the present invention, the vertical polarizing film is, for example, (a) applying a composition for forming a vertical polarizing film, which contains two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds, a dichroic dye, and optionally a solvent, a polymerization initiator, a leveling agent, and other additives, onto a substrate or an alignment film to obtain a coating film; (b) drying the resulting coating, if necessary; (c) heating the coating film to a temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the coating film transitions to a liquid crystal state or a solution state or higher, and then cooling the coating film to a temperature at which the liquid crystal alignment occurs; and (d) A vertical polarizing film is formed by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to harden the coating film. The method can be produced by a method comprising the steps of:

[0100] In step (a), the method for applying the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film onto the substrate or the alignment film includes, for example, known methods such as spin coating, extrusion, gravure coating, die coating, bar coating, and applicator coating, and printing such as flexography. The substrate may be a substrate on which a protective film is laminated. The alignment film may be an alignment film on which a substrate is laminated.

[0101] The substrate and the alignment film may be the same as those exemplified in the previous paragraphs. The substrate may be incorporated into another optical laminate or a display device while still being laminated on the vertical polarizing film, or may be peeled off before such incorporation.

[0102] The substrate may be subjected to a surface treatment before being coated with the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film. Examples of surface treatment methods include treating the substrate surface with corona or plasma under an atmosphere ranging from vacuum to atmospheric pressure, laser treating the substrate surface, ozone treating the substrate surface, saponifying the substrate surface, flame treating the substrate surface, applying a coupling agent to the substrate surface, primer treating the substrate surface, and graft polymerization in which a reactive monomer or a reactive polymer is attached to the substrate surface and then reacted by irradiating it with radiation, plasma, or ultraviolet light. Among these, corona or plasma treating the substrate surface under an atmosphere ranging from vacuum to atmospheric pressure is preferred.

[0103] Examples of methods for performing surface treatment of a substrate with corona or plasma include a method in which the substrate is placed between opposing electrodes under pressure close to atmospheric pressure and corona or plasma is generated to perform surface treatment of the substrate; a method in which a gas is flowed between opposing electrodes, the gas is converted into plasma between the electrodes, and the plasma gas is sprayed onto the substrate; and a method in which glow discharge plasma is generated under low-pressure conditions to perform surface treatment of a substrate.

[0104] Among these, a method of placing a substrate between opposing electrodes under a pressure close to atmospheric pressure and generating a corona or plasma to perform surface treatment of the substrate, or a method of flowing a gas between opposing electrodes, converting the gas into plasma between the electrodes, and spraying the plasma gas onto the substrate are preferred. Such corona or plasma surface treatment is usually performed using a commercially available surface treatment device.

[0105] In step (b), the resulting coating film is dried as needed. Step (b) is usually performed when the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film contains a solvent. Drying can remove the solvent from the applied composition. Drying methods include natural drying, forced air drying, heat drying, and reduced-pressure drying. The coating film is preferably dried so that the residual solvent in the vertical polarizing film is 1% by mass or less relative to the total mass of the vertical polarizing film. The amount of residual solvent can be quantified by peeling the vertical polarizing film from the substrate or the like, weighing it, immersing the weighed vertical polarizing film in a solvent that dissolves the vertical polarizing film, such as tetrahydrofuran, irradiating it with ultrasound for 10 minutes to extract the dissolved components, and then analyzing the solution by gas chromatography. The drying conditions such as the drying temperature and drying time can be appropriately determined depending on the composition of the composition for forming a vertical polarizing film, the material of the substrate or alignment film, and the like.

[0106] In step (c), the coating film is heated to a temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the coating film transitions to a liquid crystal state or a solution state, and then cooled to a temperature at which the liquid crystal is aligned. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the coating film typically aligns together with the dichroic dye in step (c) to form a liquid crystal phase. The temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the coating film is aligned can be determined in advance by, for example, observing the texture of a composition containing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Alternatively, the solvent removal [step (b)] and liquid crystal alignment [step (c)] may be performed simultaneously. The temperature at this time depends on the type of solvent to be removed and the type of polymerizable liquid crystal compound used, but is preferably in the range of 50 to 200°C, more preferably 80 to 130°C.

[0107] In step (d), the coating film is cured by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, thereby forming a vertical polarizing film. In this step, the coating film can be cured in a state in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the coating film surface. Curing is preferably carried out by irradiating the coating film with active energy. The active energy rays are appropriately selected depending on the type of polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the type of polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound if included, the type of polymerization initiator if included, and the amounts thereof. Specific examples include visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays, α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays. Among these, ultraviolet light is preferred because it allows easy control of the progress of the polymerization reaction and allows the use of photopolymerization devices widely used in the field.

[0108] Examples of light sources for actinic rays include low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, xenon lamps, halogen lamps, carbon arc lamps, tungsten lamps, gallium lamps, excimer lasers, LED light sources emitting light in the wavelength range of 380 to 440 nm, chemical lamps, black light lamps, microwave-excited mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps.

[0109] The irradiation energy of the active energy rays is 10 to 5000 mJ / cm in the wavelength range effective for activating the polymerization initiator. 2 It is preferable to set it so that the intensity is within the range of 100 to 2000 mJ / cm. 2 is.

[0110] When ultraviolet light is used as the activation energy, the irradiation intensity is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 3,000 mW / cm 2 The ultraviolet irradiation intensity is preferably an intensity in a wavelength region effective for activating the polymerization initiator. The ultraviolet irradiation time is usually 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 1 second to 5 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 3 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 1 minute. When irradiating once or multiple times with such ultraviolet irradiation intensity, the cumulative light amount is preferably 10 to 3,000 mJ / cm. 2 , more preferably 50 to 2,000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 100 to 1,000 mJ / cm 2 is.

[0111] The vertical polarizing film of the present invention has low haze, low dye migration and excellent light resistance, and is therefore expected to have excellent optical properties, and can be suitably used as a constituent material for display devices.

[0112] When the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is used as a constituent material of a display device, a protective layer for protecting the vertical polarizing film is typically laminated adjacent to the vertical polarizing film. Such a protective layer can be a protective layer commonly used in the art, such as the protective layer described in JP 2017-83843 A. Such a protective layer can be laminated adjacent to the vertical polarizing film by a method including applying a composition for forming the protective layer to the vertical polarizing film and drying the resulting coating. Because the vertical polarizing film of the present invention has low dye migration, low diffusion of the dichroic dye from the vertical polarizing film to the protective layer can be achieved over a long period of time.

[0113] The protective layer may be laminated with one or more layers selected from the group consisting of resin films and surface treatment layers.

[0114] The resin film is intended to improve the mechanical strength of the laminate including the vertical polarizing film, prevent the surface of the protective layer from being scratched, etc. From the viewpoint of improving the mechanical strength of the laminate including the vertical polarizing film, and preventing the surface of the protective layer from being scratched, it is preferable that the resin film be laminated adjacent to the protective layer with or without an adhesive interposed therebetween. Examples of resin films that can be used include resin films obtained by forming the following resins by known means such as solvent casting or melt extrusion: polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; cyclic olefin resins such as norbornene polymers; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; poly(meth)acrylic acid resins such as (meth)acrylic acid and polymethyl(meth)acrylate; cellulose ester resins such as triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate; vinyl alcohol resins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate; polycarbonate resins; polystyrene resins; polyarylate resins; polysulfone resins; polyethersulfone resins; polyamide resins; polyimide resins; polyether ketone resins; polyphenylene sulfide resins; polyphenylene oxide resins, and mixtures thereof. Among the above resins, from the viewpoints of versatility, heat resistance, etc., at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, cellulose ester resins, cyclic olefin resins, polyester resins, and poly(meth)acrylic acid resins is preferred, and at least one selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester resins and cyclic olefin resins is more preferred. Commercially available cyclic olefin resins can also be used, and examples thereof include "Topas" (registered trademark) (manufactured by Ticona GmbH, Germany), "Arton" (registered trademark) (manufactured by JSR Corporation), "ZEONOR" (registered trademark), "ZEONEX" (registered trademark) (all manufactured by Zeon Corporation), and "APEL" (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.).

[0115] The resin film may be a commercially available resin film, examples of which include cellulose ester resin films such as Fujitac Film (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.), KC8UX2M, KC8UY, and KC4UY (all manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto, Inc.), and cyclic olefin resin films such as S-Cina (registered trademark) and SCA40 (registered trademark) (all manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.), Zeonor Film (registered trademark) (manufactured by Zeon Corporation), and Arton Film (registered trademark) (manufactured by JSR Corporation).

[0116] Examples of the surface treatment layer include optical layers such as a hard coat layer, an anti-reflection layer, an anti-sticking layer, an anti-glare layer, or a diffusion layer.

[0117] The hard coat layer is intended to prevent the surface of the protective layer from being scratched, etc. The hard coat layer can be formed by, for example, adding a cured product layer excellent in hardness, slip properties, etc., of a curable resin composition containing an ultraviolet-curable resin such as an acrylic or silicone resin to the surface of the protective layer. The anti-reflection layer is intended to prevent reflection of external light on the surface of the protective layer, and can be added to the surface of the protective layer by forming an anti-reflection film or the like according to a conventional method. The anti-sticking layer is intended to prevent adhesion between adjacent layers.

[0118] The anti-glare layer is intended to prevent reflection of external light on the surface of the protective layer, which would impair the visibility of light transmitted through the protective layer. The anti-glare layer can be formed by providing a layer with a fine uneven structure on the surface of the protective layer, for example, by roughening the surface using sandblasting or embossing, or by incorporating transparent fine particles. Examples of fine particles contained in the anti-glare layer-forming composition to form the fine uneven surface structure include transparent fine particles, such as conductive inorganic fine particles made of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, or antimony oxide, and organic fine particles made of crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymers, each having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm. When the fine uneven surface structure is formed using fine particles, the content of the fine particles is typically 2 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin contained in the anti-glare layer-forming composition. The anti-glare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (with a function of widening the viewing angle, etc.) for diffusing light transmitted through the protective layer to widen the viewing angle, etc.

[0119] The above-mentioned resin film, hard coat layer, anti-reflection layer, anti-sticking layer, anti-glare layer, or diffusion layer can be provided on the protective layer itself and integrated with it, or can be provided as a separate optical layer separate from the protective layer and then laminated on the protective layer.

[0120] The resin film and the surface treatment layer may be laminated with an adhesive interposed therebetween, and any adhesive commonly used in the art can be used as such an adhesive.

[0121] When the vertical polarizing film of the present invention is used as a constituent material of a display device, specifically, for example, the vertical polarizing film of the present invention can be attached via an adhesive layer to the viewing side of a circular polarizing plate including a polarizing film or a retardation film having a polarizing function and an absorption axis parallel to the film surface.

[0122] Examples of display devices include devices having a display element, including a light-emitting element or a light-emitting device as a light source, such as liquid crystal display devices, organic electroluminescence (EL) display devices, inorganic electroluminescence (EL) display devices, touch panel display devices, electron emission display devices (e.g., field emission displays (FEDs) and surface field emission displays (SEDs)), electronic paper (display devices using electronic ink or electrophoretic elements), plasma display devices, projection display devices (e.g., grating light valve (GLV) display devices and display devices having a digital micromirror device (DMD)) and piezoelectric ceramic displays.

[0123] The materials and members constituting the display device, such as a polarizing film having a polarizing function and an absorption axis parallel to the film surface, a retardation film, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive, can be appropriately selected from known materials and members used in display devices. [Example]

[0124] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The methods for measuring the physical properties of the vertical polarizing film will be described below. The physical property values ​​described in this specification, including the examples, are based on values ​​determined by the following methods.

[0125] <Absorbance> Using an apparatus in which a folder with a prism polarizer was set in a spectrophotometer (UV-3150 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the absorbance in three dimensions at the wavelength showing maximum absorption was measured in the wavelength range of 380 to 680 nm at 2 nm steps by the double-beam method. The absorbance in three dimensions means the absorbance (Ax, Ay, Az) in each direction with respect to linearly polarized light when any direction in the film plane is the x-axis, the direction orthogonal to the x-axis in the film plane is the y-axis, and the film thickness direction is the z-axis (see Fig. 1). Specifically, the measurement was performed by rotating the sample (the laminate of the vertically polarized film / substrate manufactured in the examples and comparative examples) with respect to the linearly polarized light which is the measurement light. Also, since the absorbance in the z-axis direction is difficult to measure because the light enters from the side surface of the sample by definition. Therefore, the absorbance in the z-axis direction was estimated by tilting the x-y plane of the sample by 60° with respect to the vibration plane of the linearly polarized light which is the measurement light. Specifically, Ax(z = 60) was measured by making the same linearly polarized light incident as when Ax was measured in a state where the sample was rotated by 60° so as to include the y-axis, and similarly, Ay(z = 60) was measured by making the same linearly polarized light incident as when Ay was measured in a state where the sample was rotated by 60° so as to include the x-axis. And if Ax < Ax(z = 60), then Ax < Ax(z = 60) < Ax(z = 90) = Az, and if Ay < Ay(z = 60), then Ay < Ay(z = 60) < Ay(z = 90) = Az, so it can be determined that the measured sample satisfies formula (1), and thus the absorbance in the z-axis direction of the measured sample was estimated. In addition, when there is no optical absorption anisotropy in the x-y plane, that is, when Ax and Ay are equal, Ax(z = 60) = Ay(z = 60). That is, when in the relationship of Ax < Ax(z = 60), it was determined that the relationship of Ax < Ax(z = 60) < Ax(z = 90) = Az was satisfied, and the relationship of Ay < Ay(z = 60) < Ay(z = 90) = Az was satisfied. Further, if Ax(z = 60) > (Ax + Ay) / 2, it was determined that formula (1) was satisfied. In addition, after confirming that the substrate contained in the samples in the examples and comparative examples did not have significant absorption between 380 and 670 nm, the above measurement was performed. Therefore, by the above method, the absorbance of the vertically polarized film in the laminate could be measured.

[0126] <Thickness> The thickness of the vertical polarizing film was measured using a laser microscope (OLS5100 manufactured by Olympus Corporation).

[0127] <Dye migration property> The surface of the vertical polarizing film in the vertical polarizing film / substrate laminate produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples was rubbed back and forth 10 times using a Savina Minimax (KB Seiren Co., Ltd.) that had been thoroughly soaked in ethanol. The color change of the Savina Minimax was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. A: There was almost no color. B: Only a little color C: Colored

[0128] <Haze> A 4 cm × 4 cm × 0.7 mm thick glass sheet was attached to the substrate side of each of the vertical polarizing film / substrate laminates produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples via a 25 μm thick pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation) to prepare a measurement sample. Using a haze meter (HZ-V3, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.), light was incident on the glass side of the measurement sample, and the haze of the vertical polarizing film was measured according to JIS K 7105.

[0129] <Light resistance> A protective layer-forming composition was prepared by adding 3 parts by weight of carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol (Kuraray Poval KL318, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) and 1.5 parts by weight of water-soluble polyamide epoxy resin (Sumirez Resin® 650t, manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd., an aqueous solution with a 30% solids concentration) to 100 parts by weight of water and stirring. The protective layer-forming composition was applied to the vertical polarizing film of the vertical polarizing film / substrate laminate produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples and dried at 100°C to form a protective layer. A 13 μm-thick Zeonor film (ZF-U series, manufactured by Zeon Corporation) was bonded to the protective layer via a 25 μm-thick pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). A 40 mm × 40 mm × 0.7 mm-thick glass plate was then bonded to the substrate side of the laminate via a 25 μm-thick pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation) to prepare a measurement sample. Using a spectrophotometer (UV-2700i manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the initial absorption spectrum was measured by irradiating light onto the Zeonor film surface of the measurement sample at an angle of 50° from the normal direction. A circular polarizer (the circular polarizer described in Example 4 of JP 2016-042185 A) was placed on an aluminum plate, and the measurement sample was placed on top of it with the glass side of the measurement sample facing downwards, and then placed in a Ci4400 (a xenon tester manufactured by Ametech Atlas Co., Ltd.). The radiation irradiation from the measurement sample side was 2.4 W / cm. 2 The samples were then held for 240 hours under the conditions of (420 nm), BPT (black panel temperature) 55°C, chamber temperature 35°C, 35% RH, and no rain, and then removed. The absorbance spectrum of the removed measurement samples after the light resistance test was measured under the same conditions as for measuring the initial absorbance spectrum. The rate of change in absorbance at 630 nm was calculated using the following formula: Percentage of change in absorbance [%] = (absorbance after light resistance test / initial absorbance) x 100 The results were calculated using the following criteria: A: Over 90% B: 75% or more but less than 90% C: Less than 75%

[0130] [Example 1] <Preparation of composition for forming vertical polarizing film> The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition (1) for forming a vertical polarizing film. Non-coloring polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A1): 75 parts by mass Non-coloring polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1): 25 parts by mass Dichroic dye (1): 1.0 parts by mass Polymerization initiator (Irgacure 369, manufactured by BASF): 6 parts by mass Leveling agent (F-556, manufactured by DIC Corporation): 0.25 parts by mass Non-liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (hexafunctional)): 1.5 parts by mass Solvent (o-xylene): 770 parts by mass

[0131] The non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (A1) and (B1) have the following structures and were synthesized according to the method described in Lub et al., Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996). ·Non-coloring polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A1): [ka] U 1 A and U 2 A The groups corresponding to are both acryloyloxy groups, and V 1 A and V 2 A The corresponding groups are both C 11 an alkanediyl group, W 1 A and W 2 A The corresponding groups are both -O-. ·Non-coloring polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1): [ka] U 1 B and U 2 BThe groups corresponding to are both acryloyloxy groups, and V 1 B and V 2 B The groups corresponding to 11 an alkanediyl group, W 1 B and W 2 B The corresponding groups are both -O-. V 1 A The number of carbon atoms in 2 A The total number of carbon atoms in A is 22, and V 1 B The number of carbon atoms in 2 B The total number of carbon atoms in B is 17. Therefore, the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (A1) and (B1) are represented by the following formula (II): C A >C B (II) Meet the following.

[0132] The dichroic dye (1) used was an azo dye having the following structure, which is described in the examples of JP-A No. 2013-101328: The maximum absorption wavelength of the dichroic dye (1) measured in a chloroform solution was 600 nm. Dichroic dyes (1): [ka]

[0133] <Manufacturing of vertical polarizing film> A triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (KC8UX2M manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.) was subjected to a single corona treatment using a corona treatment device (AGF-810 manufactured by Kasuga Electric Co., Ltd.) at an output of 0.3 kW and a treatment speed of 3 m / min, and the film was cut out and used as a substrate. The corona-treated surface of the substrate was coated with a composition for forming a vertical polarizing film using a bar coater, and then dried for 1 minute in a drying oven set at a temperature of 100°C. Next, ultraviolet light was irradiated using a high-pressure mercury lamp (Uniqure VB-15201BY-A manufactured by Ushio Inc.) (under a nitrogen atmosphere, wavelength: 365 nm, cumulative light intensity at 365 nm: 500 mJ / cm). 2 ) to form a polarizing film (vertical polarizing film) (1) in which the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye were aligned perpendicular to the coating plane. This resulted in a laminate having a vertical polarizing film / substrate laminate structure. X-ray diffraction measurements of the vertical polarizing film (1) were performed using an X-ray diffractometer, X'Pert PRO MPD (Spectris Inc.). A sharp diffraction peak (Bragg peak) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 0.17° was obtained at 2θ = 20.2°. The order period (d) calculated from the peak position was approximately 4.4 Å, confirming the formation of a structure reflecting a highly ordered smectic phase. The absorbance at the wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (1), was Ax = 0.009, Ay = 0.009, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.097. In other words, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (1) satisfied the following formulas (1), (2), and (3). Az>Ax(z=60)=0.097>(Ax+Ay) / 2=(0.009+0.009) / 2=0.009 (1) 0.001≦Ax=0.009≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax=0.097 / 0.009=10.8>5 (3) Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0134] [Example 2] A laminate having a stacked structure of a vertical polarizing film / substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of dichroic dye (1) was changed from 1.0 part by mass to 0.7 part by mass and the amount of solvent was changed from 770 parts by mass to 430 parts by mass. Furthermore, as in Example 1, the vertical polarizing film (2) thus fabricated was confirmed to have a structure reflecting a high-order smectic phase, and its three-dimensional absorbance was measured. The absorbance at a wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (2), was Ax = 0.010, Ay = 0.010, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.098. In other words, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (2) satisfied the following formulas (1), (2), and (3). Az>Ax(z=60)=0.098>(Ax+Ay) / 2=(0.010+0.010) / 2=0.010 (1) 0.001≦Ax=0.010≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax=0.098 / 0.010=9.8>5 (3) Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0135] [Example 3] A laminate having a stacked structure of a vertical polarizing film / substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of dichroic dye (1) was changed from 1.0 part by mass to 0.5 part by mass and the amount of solvent was changed from 770 parts by mass to 340 parts by mass. Furthermore, as in Example 1, the vertical polarizing film (3) thus fabricated was confirmed to have a structure reflecting a high-order smectic phase, and its three-dimensional absorbance was measured. The absorbance at a wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (3), was Ax = 0.010, Ay = 0.010, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.101. In other words, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (3) satisfied the following formulas (1), (2), and (3). Az>Ax(z=60)=0.101>(Ax+Ay) / 2=(0.010+0.010) / 2=0.010 (1) 0.001≦Ax=0.010≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax=0.101 / 0.010=10.1>5 (3) Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0136] [Example 4] A laminate having a stacked structure of a vertical polarizing film / substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A1) was changed from 75 parts by mass to 85 parts by mass, and the amount of the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1) was changed from 25 parts by mass to 15 parts by mass. Furthermore, similarly to Example 1, the formation of a structure reflecting a high-order smectic phase was confirmed for the fabricated vertical polarizing film (4), and the three-dimensional absorbance was measured. The absorbance at a wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (4), was Ax = 0.009, Ay = 0.009, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.088. In other words, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (4) satisfied the following formulas (1), (2), and (3). Az>Ax(z=60)=0.088>(Ax+Ay) / 2=(0.009+0.009) / 2=0.009 (1) 0.001≦Ax=0.009≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax=0.088 / 0.009=9.8>5 (3) Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0137] [Example 5] A laminate having a stacked structure of a vertical polarizing film / substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A1) was changed from 75 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass, and the amount of the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1) was changed from 25 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass. Furthermore, similarly to Example 1, the vertical polarizing film (5) thus fabricated was confirmed to have a structure reflecting a high-order smectic phase, and its three-dimensional absorbance was measured. The absorbance at a wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (5), was Ax = 0.010, Ay = 0.010, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.096. That is, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (5) satisfied the following formulas (1), (2), and (3). Az>Ax(z=60)=0.096>(Ax+Ay) / 2=(0.010+0.010) / 2=0.010 (1) 0.001≦Ax=0.010≦0.1 (2) Ax(z=60) / Ax=0.096 / 0.010=9.6>5 (3) Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0138] [Comparative Example 1] A laminate having a stacked structure of a vertical polarizing film / substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of dichroic dye (1) was changed from 1.0 part by mass to 2.5 parts by mass and the amount of solvent was changed from 770 parts by mass to 980 parts by mass. Furthermore, as in Example 1, the vertical polarizing film (1') thus fabricated was confirmed to have a structure reflecting a high-order smectic phase, and its three-dimensional absorbance was measured. The absorbance at a wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (1'), was Ax = 0.007, Ay = 0.007, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.088. In other words, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (1') satisfied the formulas (1), (2), and (3). Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0139] Comparative Example 2 A laminate having a stacked structure of a vertical polarizing film / substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A1) was changed from 75 parts by mass to 90 parts by mass, and the amount of the non-colorable polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1) was changed from 25 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass. Furthermore, as in Example 1, the vertical polarizing film (2') thus fabricated was confirmed to have a structure reflecting a high-order smectic phase, and its three-dimensional absorbance was measured. The absorbance at a wavelength of 630 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertical polarizing film (2'), was Ax = 0.006, Ay = 0.006, and Ax(z = 60) = 0.078. In other words, it was confirmed that the vertical polarizing film (2') satisfied the formulas (1), (2), and (3). Measurements were also carried out for evaluation items other than those mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0140] Table 1

Claims

1. A vertical polarizing film which is a cured film of a composition containing two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds and a dichroic dye, The absorbance of the vertical polarizing film is calculated based on the following formulas (1) to (3): Az>(Ax+Ay) / 2 (1) 0.001≦Ax≦0.1 (2) Ax (z=60) / Ax>5 (3) [In formulas (1) to (3), Ax, Ay, Az and Ax (z=60) are all absorbances at the absorption maximum wavelengths of the dichroic dyes in the vertical polarizing film, Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction, Ay represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the y-axis direction, Az represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the z-axis direction, Ax (z=60) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light oscillating in the x-axis direction when the vertical polarizing film is rotated 60° around the y-axis. Fulfilling the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase, the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds contain a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) in a mass ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) of 85 / 15 to 15 / 85; the mass of the dichroic dye is less than 2.5 parts by mass when the total mass of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds is 100 parts by mass; A vertical polarizing film having a thickness of 0.65 μm or more.

2. Each of the two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds has the following formula (I): U １ -V １ -W １ -(X １ -Y １ ) ｎ -X ２ -W ２ -V ２ -U ２ (I) [In the formula, U １ and U ２ are each independently selected from a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a styryl group, a p-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl group, a carboxy group, an acetyl group, a hydroxy group, a carbamoyl group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an amino group, a formyl group, an isocyanato group, and an isothiocyanato group, a hydrogen atom, and a halogen atom; U １ and U ２ at least one of the groups is a polymerizable group, V １ and V ２ each independently represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH ２ -W １ and W ２ Connect with -CH ２ -CH other than - ２ - may be substituted by -O-, -CO-, -S- or -NH-; W １ and W ２ each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group that is not an alkanediyl group or does not contain an alkanediyl group, X １ and X ２ each independently represents an unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a carbon atom constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom; X １ and X ２ at least one of represents an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group or an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group; Y １ is -CH ２ CH ２ -, -COO-, -CH ２ represents O—, —OCO—, or a single bond; n is an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of X １ and Y １ may be the same or different from each other. The vertical polarizing film according to claim 1 , wherein

3. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A) and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B) are each represented by the following formula (I Ａ ) and (I Ｂ ): U １ Ａ -V １ Ａ -W １ Ａ -(X １ Ａ -Y １ Ａ ) ｎ -X ２ Ａ -W ２ Ａ -V ２ Ａ -U ２ Ａ (I Ａ ) U １ Ｂ -V １ Ｂ -W １ Ｂ -(X １ Ｂ -Y １ Ｂ ) ｎ -X ２ Ｂ -W ２ Ｂ -V ２ Ｂ -U ２ Ｂ (I Ｂ ) [Formula (I) Ａ ) ~ (I Ｂ ) inside, U １ Ａ and U １ Ｂ Is U １ It means the same as U ２ Ａ and U ２ Ｂ Is U ２ It means the same as V １ Ａ and V １ Ｂ is V １ It means the same as V ２ Ａ and V ２ Ｂ is V ２ It means the same as W １ Ａ and W １ Ｂ Is W １ It means the same as W ２ Ａ and W ２ Ｂ Is W ２ It means the same as X １ Ａ and X １ Ｂ is X １ It means the same as X ２ Ａ and X ２ Ｂ is X ２ It means the same as Y １ Ａ and Y １ Ｂ Is Y １ It means the same as n is an integer from 1 to 3. is expressed as X １ Ａ and X １ Ｂ are the same group, Y １ Ａ and Y １ Ｂ are the same group, X ２ Ａ and X ２ Ｂ are the same group, When n is 2 or more, the corresponding X １ Ａ and X １ Ｂ and are the same group, and the corresponding Y １ Ａ and Y １ Ｂ As long as the groups X are the same, multiple X １ Ａ , Y １ Ａ , X １ Ｂ and Y １ Ｂ may be the same or different from each other, The following conditions (i) to (vi): (i) U １ Ａ and U １ Ｂ is different from; (ii) V １ Ａ and V １ Ｂ is different from; (iii) W １ Ａ and W １ Ｂ is different from; (iv) U ２ Ａ and U ２ Ｂ is different from; (v) V ２ Ａ and V ２ Ｂ is different from; (vi) W ２ Ａ and W ２ Ｂ is different from The vertical polarizing film according to claim 2 , which satisfies one or more of the above.

4. V １ Ａ and V １ Ｂ are different, and / or V ２ Ａ and V ２ Ｂ The vertical polarizing film according to claim 3 , wherein

5. V １ Ａ The number of carbon atoms contained in ２ Ａ The total number of carbon atoms contained in Ａ And V １ Ｂ The number of carbon atoms contained in ２ Ｂ The total number of carbon atoms contained in Ｂ When this is done, C Ａ and C Ｂ is represented by the following formula (II): 4 Ａ  Ｂ (=) The vertical polarizing film according to claim 4 , which satisfies the following:

6. X １ and X ２ 3. The vertical polarizing film according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the groups represents an unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group.

7. 3. The vertical polarizing film according to claim 2, wherein the polymerizable group is an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group.

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