Safety helmet

Abstract

The present invention relates to a protective helmet comprising a shell with an internal halo band and a subassembly including an impact absorbing panel disposed intermediate the shell and the wearer's head for reducing the transmission of impact forces received by the shell to the wearer's head. The subassembly also includes a frame secured to the halo band, extending from the halo band to the impact absorbing panel, and removably securing the impact absorbing panel to the halo. The subassembly is removable from the shell for cleaning or replacement.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a safety helmet. [Background technology]

[0002] Safety helmets used by emergency services such as firefighters are common. Safety helmets have certain design criteria that must be met to adequately protect the wearer's head. When worn, helmets can be exposed to adverse conditions and contaminants, which can cause damage to contaminated parts of the helmet. Helmets often require repairs and decontamination, which can be time-consuming and expensive. Helmets may also consist of many components that need to be replaced or decontaminated, and disassembly requires tools and is time-consuming. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a safety helmet which overcomes at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages, or which at least provides the public with a useful choice. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In a first aspect, the invention may be broadly said to comprise a protective helmet, namely a. a helmet shell; b. an internal assembly; A protective helmet comprising: The inner assembly includes: i. a halo secured to the shell and positioned about the wearer's head and intermediate the wearer's head and the shell; ii.(a) an impact absorbing panel positioned intermediate the helmet shell and the wearer's head in use, overlying at least a portion of a crown and the wearer's head, and extending downwardly from the crown, the impact absorbing panel being comprised of a plurality of spaced apart impact absorbing elements interconnected to cooperate to reduce the transmission of impact forces received by the helmet shell to the wearer's head; (b) a frame secured to the halo, extending from the halo to the shock absorbing panel, and removably securing the shock absorbing panel to the halo; and (c) a head harness that, in use, is positioned on the wearer's head and secured to the frame; Subassembly by iii. a liner positioned inside the helmet shell and intermediate the helmet shell and the impact absorbing panel; It is a protective helmet that is equipped with

[0005] Preferably, the liner is provided inside the helmet shell and is positioned intermediate the helmet shell and the impact absorbing panel.

[0006] Preferably, the helmet shell covers the wearer's head from the crown downwards.

[0007] Preferably the helmet shell covers regions A and B of the wearer's head as described in AS / NZS4067:2012 and EN443:2008.

[0008] Preferably, the helmet shell is liquid impermeable.

[0009] Preferably the helmet shell is moulded.

[0010] Preferably the helmet shell is a one piece moulding.

[0011] Preferably, the helmet shell is unitary.

[0012] Preferably the helmet shell is impact resistant in accordance with the EN443:2008 standard.

[0013] Preferably the helmet shell is penetration resistant in accordance with the EN443:2008 standard.

[0014] Preferably, the helmet shell is heat resistant in accordance with NFPA 1971:2008 standards.

[0015] Preferably, the helmet shell has, in its overall shape: i. Plastic materials, ii. polycarbonate; iii. co-molded polycarbonate; iv. polyamide, v. Resin-infused polyaramid, vi. Resin-infused Kevlar (registered trademark); vii. Resin-infused fiberglass; viii. Resin-infused carbon fiber; ix. one or more stacked assemblies as described above; and x. One or more laminated sandwich assemblies as described above, including a foam material (e.g., but not limited to, Divinycell®) as the sandwich material. The impact resistant material is selected from any one of the following:

[0016] Preferably, the resin is an ester resin or an epoxy resin.

[0017] Preferably, the liner is a cap located intermediate the helmet shell and the inner assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the liner is aligned inside the helmet shell and extends substantially parallel to the helmet shell.

[0019] Preferably, the liner is aligned inside the helmet shell and extends substantially parallel to the helmet shell for at least 70% of the helmet shell.

[0020] Preferably, the liner is a rigid structure.

[0021] Preferably, the liner is sandwiched between the inner assembly and the helmet shell.

[0022] Preferably, the liner is aligned by pressure applied between the inner assembly (preferably the halo) and the shell.

[0023] Preferably, the liner has a pop in-out fit with the helmet shell.

[0024] Preferably, the liner includes a foam layer.

[0025] Preferably, the liner comprises a polyurethane foam layer.

[0026] Preferably, the liner insulates the wearer's head from heat exterior to the helmet shell.

[0027] Preferably, the liner will block elements that may penetrate the helmet shell.

[0028] Preferably, the liner is capable of absorbing impact forces experienced by the helmet shell.

[0029] Preferably, the liner comprises an inner lining.

[0030] Preferably the lining is plastic.

[0031] Preferably the lining is a thin plastic layer.

[0032] Preferably the lining is a vacuum formed plastic.

[0033] Preferably the lining is fixed (eg glued) to the foam layer.

[0034] Preferably the lining is air impermeable.

[0035] Preferably, the halo is removably secured to the shell.

[0036] Preferably, the halo consists of a halo band.

[0037] Preferably, the haloband is placed around the wearer's head in use.

[0038] Preferably, the halo band is positioned inside the helmet shell intermediate the wearer's head and the helmet shell.

[0039] Preferably, the halo band is comprised of at least two, at least three, and preferably four arch members.

[0040] Preferably, the arch members are releasably connectable to one another.

[0041] Preferably, the arch members may be removably connected to one another using mechanical fasteners.

[0042] Preferably, the mechanical fastenings consist of snap or interference fit fastenings, and / or penetrative fasteners.

[0043] Preferably, the arch members, when connected together, define a rigid halo band as a structural component on which the subassembly depends.

[0044] Preferably, the halo band is made from Technyl Techstar PA66 nylon.

[0045] Preferably, the halo band is made of 15-30% glass filled PA66 nylon.

[0046] Preferably, the halo is constructed with anchor members secured to the halo band at spaced apart locations.

[0047] Preferably, the halo is a. Snap or interference fit; b. penetrative fasteners, or C. Both and an anchor member removably secured to the halo band at a remote location by mechanical means.

[0048] Preferably, the anchor member protrudes from the halo band to provide a fastening area to which the anchor member may be connected and secured to the helmet shell.

[0049] Preferably, the anchor member protrudes from the halo band to provide a fastening area where the anchor member is connected and secured to the helmet shell.

[0050] Preferably, the anchor members are removably secured to the shell at at least two spaced apart locations.

[0051] Preferably, the anchor members are removably secured to the shell at at least two spaced apart locations using mechanical through-fasteners.

[0052] Preferably, the anchor member comprises: (a) Snap or interface fitting; (b) Through fastening, or (c) Both is removably secured to the shell at at least two spaced apart locations using mechanical fastening means.

[0053] Preferably, the anchor member is made from PA6 nylon.

[0054] Preferably, the anchors provide shock absorbing capabilities while maintaining the helmet liner at the correct height and orientation.

[0055] Preferably there are two side anchors and one rear anchor.

[0056] Preferably there are two side anchors and one rear anchor, each secured with a machine screw to a brass threaded insert, and the rear retainer is a snap interference fit.

[0057] Preferably, the halo is a frame that is removable from the helmet shell.

[0058] Preferably, the halo provides crush resistance to lateral compressive forces applied to the helmet shell.

[0059] Preferably, the crush resistance provided is defined by one of two standards: AS / NZS4067:2012 and EN443:2008.

[0060] Preferably, the helmet shell and the halo cooperate to improve the crush resistance of the helmet shell.

[0061] Preferably, the helmet can withstand a lateral (sideways) and longitudinal (lengthwise) crush with a force of 630 kilonewtons. The helmet cannot deform a total of more than 40mm, or (after crushing) more than 15mm.

[0062] Preferably, the helmet deforms a total of no more than 40mm when crushed horizontally or vertically with a force of 630 kilonewtons, and no more than 15mm after being crushed.

[0063] Preferably, the halo is a structural member that cooperates with the helmet shell to make the helmet more crush resistant than it would be without the halo.

[0064] Preferably, the subassembly can be repeatedly removed from and coupled to the halo.

[0065] Preferably, the subassembly can be repeatedly removed from and coupled to the haloband.

[0066] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel is of unitary construction or assembled from at least two sub-panels.

[0067] Preferably, the shock absorbing panel is concave in use.

[0068] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel is formed from a flat precursor.

[0069] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel is located inside the helmet shell.

[0070] Preferably, the impact absorbing panels reduce the effect that an impact to the helmet shell has on the wearer's head.

[0071] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel absorbs energy from an impact to the helmet shell.

[0072] Preferably, the impact absorbing panels distribute the load of any impact energy received by the helmet shell.

[0073] Preferably, the shock absorbing panel comprises a plurality of spaced apart individual shock absorbing elements connected to one another by live hinge elements.

[0074] Preferably, the shock absorbing element is made of a flexible material.

[0075] Preferably, the shock absorbing element is made of an elastically flexible material.

[0076] Preferably, each shock absorbing element comprises a cup having an open top and side walls extending to a base which defines a cup receiving area.

[0077] Preferably, in use the open top abuts the liner.

[0078] Preferably, the open top can be sealed to a liner.

[0079] Preferably, the open top may be air-tightly sealed to the liner, thus trapping air pockets within the cup and making the cup more resistant to compression.

[0080] Preferably, when the shock absorbing element is pressed against a liner (eg, a lining), the open top is hermetically sealed against the liner.

[0081] Preferably, the air within the cup is compressed when pressed against the liner.

[0082] Preferably, the cup is compressible in a direction from the mouth to the base.

[0083] Preferably, the cup is compressed from the mouth to the base and acts as a compression spring.

[0084] Preferably, the cup is compressed from the mouth towards the base to act as a compression spring, providing increased resistance to compression when the mouth is sealed to the liner.

[0085] Preferably, the cup has a three-spoke cross section between the opening and the base.

[0086] Preferably the cup is hollow.

[0087] Preferably, the cup has a depth of 16mm to 18mm.

[0088] Preferably, the elements are interconnected.

[0089] Preferably the elements are interconnected by live hinges.

[0090] Preferably, the elements are arranged in a matrix and spaced apart from one another.

[0091] Preferably, the elements are spaced apart to allow air to flow between the elements to keep the wearer's head cool.

[0092] Preferably, the element creates a gap between the liner and the wearer's head to allow air to flow therebetween to keep the wearer's head cool.

[0093] Preferably, the number of elements is about 3000 / m 2 It is at least as good as being placed in

[0094] Preferably, in the event of an impact force being applied to the skin of the helmet, the element can slide across the lining or liner.

[0095] Energy is absorbed by the element as it slides across the lining or liner.

[0096] Preferably, upon impact with the helmet skin, the element is pressed against the lining or liner and can absorb the energy in a shear-like manner.

[0097] Preferably, the opening in the element and the live hinge are aligned with one another.

[0098] Preferably, the shock absorbing panels are made from a molded material such as, but not limited to, DuPont Hytrel® 3078.

[0099] Preferably, the frame is removably secured to the halo.

[0100] Preferably, the frame is removably connected to the halo band.

[0101] Preferably, the frame is removably connected to the halo band using a connector arrangement.

[0102] Preferably, the connector arrangement is a twist and lock connector arrangement.

[0103] Preferably, the connector arrangements are spaced at least two apart, preferably three, preferably six.

[0104] Preferably, the connector configurations are twist / lock connections, allowing the subassemblies to be repeatedly removed for cleaning.

[0105] Preferably, the twist and lock configuration complies with North American NFPA 1971 standards for a tensile force of 45kN per anchor point.

[0106] Preferably, the twist and lock mechanism is a bayonet mechanism.

[0107] Preferably, the frame connects the impact absorbing panel to the halo.

[0108] Preferably, the frame removably connects the impact absorbing panel to the halo.

[0109] Preferably, the frame removably connects the shock absorbing panel to the halo using mechanical connectors such as hooks and eyelets.

[0110] Preferably, the frame releasably connects the impact absorbing panel to the halo at at least four, preferably eight, contact points.

[0111] Preferably, the frame is comprised of at least one frame member.

[0112] Preferably there are two frame members each secured to a halo and which, in use, are secured to either side of the head.

[0113] Preferably the frame member is two frame halves.

[0114] Preferably, the frame members are not connected to each other.

[0115] Preferably, the frame members are independently connected to the impact absorbing panels.

[0116] Preferably, the frame members are independently connected to the impact absorbing panel to allow the impact absorbing panel to conform as closely as possible to the unique shape of each wearer's head and ensure comfort.

[0117] Preferably, the frame is made from a nylon, such as ST801.

[0118] The frame is preferably made from a nylon such as ST801, a nylon with improved crush resistance for increased flexibility and durability after exposure to high heat.

[0119] Preferably, the frame is of a resilient, flexible material and shape.

[0120] Preferably the frame is a wire frame or an exoskeletal shape.

[0121] Preferably, the head harness is releasably secured to the frame.

[0122] Preferably, the head harness is releasably secured to the frame in at least three, and preferably four, spaced apart locations.

[0123] Preferably, the head harness is secured to the frame in an adjustably positionable manner.

[0124] Preferably, the head harness is releasably secured to the frame, preferably at four spaced apart locations.

[0125] Preferably the head harness is adjustable in circumference to provide a snug fit on the wearer's head.

[0126] Preferably the head harness includes a brow strip.

[0127] Preferably the blow strip is removable with a snap fit for removal for cleaning or disposal.

[0128] Preferably, the chin strap does not come off the head harness.

[0129] Preferably, the head harness is connected to the frame using a connector.

[0130] Preferably, the interface between the head harness and the frame connector allows multiple positioning of the head harness with each connector.

[0131] Preferably, the interface between the head harness and the frame connector is constructed with a ladder-shaped connector.

[0132] Preferably the head harness is height adjustable relative to the frame.

[0133] Preferably, a comfort pad is attached to the shock absorbing panel and is positioned between the wearer's head and the panel in use.

[0134] Preferably, a chin strap helps secure the helmet to the wearer's head.

[0135] Preferably, the chin strap is secured to the halo.

[0136] Preferably, the chin strap is removably secured to the halo.

[0137] Preferably, the chin strap is removably secured to the halo band.

[0138] Preferably, the chin strap is removably secured to the halo utilizing a snap-fit ​​arrangement.

[0139] Preferably, the chin strap is removable from the halo without the use of tools or as a quick release arrangement that can use a tool such as a coin or screwdriver.

[0140] Preferably, a visor is provided.

[0141] Preferably the visor is an eye protector.

[0142] Preferably the visor is pivotally mounted by the halo.

[0143] Preferably, the visor is removably attached to the halo.

[0144] Preferably, the visor is removably attached and removable from the halo without the use of tools, or alternatively, is of a quick release configuration that can use a tool such as a coin or screwdriver.

[0145] Preferably, the visor is movable between a stowed, high position and a deployed, low position.

[0146] Preferably, in the retracted position, the visor is not visible to the wearer.

[0147] Preferably, in the deployed position, the visor is over the wearer's eyes.

[0148] In the retracted position, the visor is held in the retracted position by a catch.

[0149] Preferably the catch prevents the visor from rotating to the deployed position.

[0150] Preferably the catch disengages from the visor allowing the visor to be rotated downwards by pushing the visor upwards.

[0151] Preferably, an arm extends from the halo band for placement of the catch.

[0152] Preferably, the arms are detachable from the haloband.

[0153] Preferably, the arms are removable from the halo band without the use of tools or as a quick release arrangement that can use a tool such as a coin or screwdriver.

[0154] Preferably, the arms are located in front of the wearer's head.

[0155] Preferably, a second visor is provided.

[0156] Preferably the second visor is a face shield / guard that provides broad coverage protection to the wearer's face.

[0157] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an impact absorbing panel for a helmet which, in use, is positioned on the top of a wearer's head, intermediate the helmet shell and the wearer's head, the impact absorbing panel being comprised of a plurality of interconnected spaced apart impact absorbing elements which cooperate to reduce the transmission of impact forces received by the helmet shell to the wearer's head.

[0158] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel is of unitary construction or assembled from at least two sub-panels.

[0159] Preferably, the shock absorbing panel is concave in use.

[0160] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel is formed from a flat precursor.

[0161] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel is located inside the helmet shell.

[0162] Preferably, the impact absorbing panels reduce the effect that an impact to the helmet shell has on the wearer's head.

[0163] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel absorbs energy from an impact to the helmet shell.

[0164] Preferably, the impact absorbing panels distribute the load of any impact energy received by the helmet shell.

[0165] Preferably, the impact absorbing panel comprises a plurality of spaced apart individual impact absorbing elements connected to one another by live hinge elements.

[0166] Preferably, the shock absorbing element is made of a flexible material.

[0167] Preferably, the shock absorbing element is made of an elastically flexible material.

[0168] Preferably, each shock absorbing element comprises a cup having an open top and side walls extending to a bottom defining a cup receiving area.

[0169] Preferably, the helmet comprises a liner intermediate the helmet shell and the impact absorbing panel.

[0170] Preferably, the open top is sealable to the liner.

[0171] Preferably, the open top is air-tightly sealable to the liner, in this way air pockets within the cup can be trapped, making the cup more resistant to compression.

[0172] Preferably, when the shock absorbing element is pressed against a liner (eg, a lining), the open top is hermetically sealed against the liner.

[0173] Preferably, the air within the cup is compressed when pressed against the liner.

[0174] Preferably, the cup is compressible in a direction from the mouth to the base.

[0175] Preferably, the cup is compressed from the mouth to the base and acts as a compression spring.

[0176] Preferably, the cup is compressed from the mouth to the base and acts as a compression spring, providing increased resistance to compression when the mouth is sealed to the liner.

[0177] Preferably, the cup has a three spoke cross-sectional shape between the mouth opening and the base.

[0178] Preferably the cup is hollow.

[0179] Preferably, the cup has a depth of 16mm to 18mm.

[0180] Preferably, the elements are interconnected.

[0181] Preferably the elements are interconnected by live hinges.

[0182] Preferably, the elements are arranged in a matrix configuration and are spaced apart from one another.

[0183] Preferably, the elements are spaced apart to allow air to flow between the elements to keep the wearer's head cool.

[0184] Preferably, the element creates a gap between the liner and the wearer's head to allow air flow therebetween to keep the wearer's head cool.

[0185] Preferably, the number of elements is about 3000 / m 2 It is at least as good as being placed in

[0186] Preferably, in the event of an impact force being applied to the skin of the helmet, the element can slide across the lining or liner.

[0187] Energy is absorbed by the element as it slides across the lining or liner.

[0188] Preferably, upon impact with the helmet skin, the element is pressed against the lining or liner and can absorb gravel in a shear-like manner.

[0189] Preferably, the opening in the element and the live hinge are aligned with one another.

[0190] Preferably, the shock absorbing panels are made from a molded material such as, but not limited to, DuPont Hytrel® 3078.

[0191] In a further aspect the invention may be said to consist in an impact absorbing panel as herein described or as hereinbefore described with reference to or as shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0192] In a further aspect the invention may be said to consist in a protective helmet as herein described or as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings or as shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0193] Other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description, given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0194] As used herein, the term "and / or" means "and" or "or," or both.

[0195] As used herein, "(s)" after a noun refers to the plural and / or singular form of that noun.

[0196] The term "comprises" as used herein [and in the claims] means "consisting at least in part of." When interpreting statements in this specification [and in the claims] that include such a term, all features beginning with the term in each statement must be present, although other features may also be present. Related terms such as "comprises" and "consisting of" are to be interpreted in the same manner.

[0197] The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited above and below, are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0198] The present invention may be broadly described as consisting of the components, elements and features referred to or shown in the specification, either individually or collectively, and any two or more or all combinations of said components, elements or features, and although reference is made herein to specific integers whose equivalents are known in the art to which the invention pertains, such equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0199] Where references are made herein to external sources, including patents and other documents, this is generally for the purpose of providing background for explaining features of the invention, and unless otherwise stated, reference to such sources shall not be construed as an admission that such sources are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art in any jurisdiction.

[0200] As used herein, the term "plastic" is understood to be a general term for a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymeric products, generally composed of hydrocarbon-based polymers.

[0201] For purposes of this specification, if method steps are described in a sequence, that order does not necessarily imply that the steps are chronologically arranged in that order, unless there is another logical way to interpret the order. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0202] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings.

[0203] [Figure 1] A perspective view from the back of the helmet. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the helmet. [Figure 3(a)] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of some of the helmet components disposed within the helmet shell. [Figure 3(b)]Side cross-section of helmet shell showing location of liner. [Figure 3(c)] Longitudinal cross section of the helmet showing the location of the liner. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an internal assembly or a portion of an internal assembly. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the halo. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the halo from another perspective. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the parts of the halo. [Figure 8] FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the inner subassembly and halo. [Figure 10] Show the halo and the internal subassembly together. [Figure 11(a)] FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective view of the halo and the internal subassembly connected. [Figure 11(b)] Frame parts are shown. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the anchor area of ​​the frame with halo. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a male bayonet member. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a male bayonet member. [Figure 15] 1 shows a frame of an impact absorbing panel. [Figure 16(a)] FIG. [Figure 16(b)] A close-up image of a portion of the impact absorbing panel. [Figure 17] The shock absorbing panel is shown in three-dimensional configuration. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is another perspective view of FIG. [Figure 19] Shows impact absorbing panels and liners. [Figure 20(a)] The headband and frame / shock absorbing panels are shown exploded. [Figure 20(b)]The assembly of FIG. 20(a) is shown. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of an internal subassembly. [Figure 22] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of an internal subassembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0204] Referring to the drawings discussed above, in which like features are generally designated with like numerals, there is shown in Figure 1 a helmet 1000. The helmet 1000 may be of a type suitable for use by emergency services personnel, including but not limited to firefighters.

[0205] A helmet may be worn on a person's head and provides protection against impact forces, objects, heat, liquids, etc.

[0206] A major consideration in the invention of the helmet described herein was the ability to thoroughly clean the helmet. There is much more health awareness today than in historical times when protection was only a concern for the here and now. The potential long-term health hazards of exposure to carcinogens, asbestos, PFAS, etc. are recognized by most emergency agencies and their personnel. The ability to quickly clean the helmet reduces the time it is out of service.

[0207] The helmet 1000 includes a helmet shell 100. The helmet shell 100 is the first line of defense for protecting the wearer's head. The helmet shell 100 is sized and shaped to allow the wearer's head to be positioned inside 106 of the helmet shell 100.

[0208] When the helmet shell is worn, the helmet shell 100 covers most of the wearer's head, including the back, sides, and forehead of the wearer.

[0209] The helmet shell 100 includes a general back region 101, two side regions 102a, 102b, a front region 103, and a top region 104. The helmet shell has an opening 105 through which the wearer's head can partially pass to allow for partial placement of the head on the interior 106 of the helmet shell 100.

[0210] The helmet shell is preferably liquid impermeable. The helmet shell is preferably impact resistant. It may be manufactured in accordance with the EN443:2008 standard.

[0211] The helmet shell should preferably be penetration resistant. This may comply with the EN443:2008 standard.

[0212] Preferably, the helmet shell provides a barrier to the wearer's head from heat external to the helmet.

[0213] It is preferable that the helmet shell has heat resistance that complies with the NFPA 1971:2018 standard.

[0214] Preferably, the helmet shell is made from an impact resistant material, such as, for example: Plastic materials, Polycarbonate, Co-molded polycarbonate, polyamide, Resin-infused polyaramid, Resin-infused Kevlar (registered trademark), Resin infused fiberglass, Resin-infused carbon fiber, Any one or more of the stacked assemblies described above; Any one or more of the laminated sandwich assemblies described above including a foam material (such as Divinycell®) as the sandwich material.

[0215] The helmet shell 100 may be molded. Preferably, the helmet shell 100 is molded from a moldable material. Most preferably, the helmet shell is constructed from Kevlar and an ester or epoxy resin.

[0216] The helmet shell 100 is of substantially thin-walled construction. The thickness of the helmet shell is substantially uniform throughout its cover portion. The inner side 106 is substantially concave.

[0217] The helmet shell 100 may have a smooth outer surface, or, as shown in the figures, the helmet shell may have a profiled or contoured shape. The profiling and contouring provided is intended, at least in part, to increase the strength of the helmet in a crash situation. The helmet shell may be coated to provide a suitable color and / or indication.

[0218] The interior 106 of the helmet shell 100 is fitted with helmet components for enhancing head protection, safety and / or comfort for the wearer of the helmet. These components are described below.

[0219] 3 is an exploded view of at least some of the components of the helmet 1000. Shown in the figure is the liner 200. The liner 200 is disposed on the inner side 106 of the helmet shell 100.

[0220] The liner 200 is preferably a foam layer having a substantially outer side 201 and an inner side 202. The outer side 201 is substantially convex and the inner side 202 is substantially concave. The outer side 201 is preferably shaped to be placed snugly adjacent to the helmet shell 100. In a preferred form, the liner 200 fits snugly against the helmet shell 100 at the inner side 106 of the helmet shell. The liner 200 is approximately coextensive with the helmet shell 100. The liner 200 is slightly less extensive than the helmet shell such that the liner does not protrude through the opening in the helmet shell 100.

[0221] The liner 200 is preferably made of a foam material. The liner 200 is made primarily of a polyurethane foam material and may also include a lining 203 on the inside 202. The lining 203 may be made of a material different from the foam. The lining may be made, for example, of a thermoformed plastic that is coextensive with the inside 202 of the liner 200. The lining is preferably fixed (such as glued) to the foam layer. The lining is preferably airtight and has a smooth inner surface.

[0222] The liner 200 is preferably provided as a second line of defense to absorb impact forces received by the helmet shell and reduce their transmission to the wearer's head. The liner 200 may block objects penetrating the helmet shell and prevent such objects from reaching the wearer's head, as may occur if "shrapnel" strikes the helmet during an explosion.

[0223] The liner 200 also helps reduce the transfer of heat from the exterior of the helmet shell to the wearer's head. The liner acts as an insulator. The liner 200 can absorb some of the heat long enough to protect the wearer's head from the heat.

[0224] The liner is a thicker structure than the helmet shell, and although its thickness can vary, it is preferably thicker in the center than at the periphery.

[0225] As shown in FIG. 3A, a halo 300 is provided. The halo 300 preferably includes a halo band 301. The halo band 301 is provided to extend around the wearer's head. The halo band 301 preferably extends around the wearer's head. The halo band 300 has a size and shape to fit comfortably on the wearer's head and preferably does not contact the wearer's head. The halo band is positioned on the inside 106 of the helmet shell and preferably does not protrude through an opening 105 in the helmet shell.

[0226] Attached to the halo band 301 are halo anchors 302. In a preferred form there are two side halo anchors 302(a), 302(b) and an aft halo anchor 302(c). The halo anchors may be integrally formed with the halo band 301 or, in a preferred form, are removably attached to the halo band 301. The removably attached may be, for example, a mechanical fastener 303 as shown in FIG. 4. The mechanical fastener may be, for example, a machine screw or bolt. An alternative or additional method of attaching the halo anchor to the halo band may be a snap fit or interface fit mechanism.

[0227] Each halo anchor 302 has at least one anchor region 304. The anchor regions of side halo anchors 302(a), 302(b) are anchor regions 304(a), 304(b) which preferably include openings through which mechanical fasteners can pass and secure to respective anchor points on the helmet shell.

[0228] In a preferred form, the side halo anchors 302(a), 302(b) each have only one corresponding anchor region 304(a), 304(b). The rear halo anchor 302(c) has two anchor regions 304(c) through which through fasteners such as machine screws can pass to secure the rear halo anchor to the helmet shell. The machine screws preferably thread into brass threaded inserts for the side anchors, and the rear anchors are secured to the halo band using a snap interface fit.

[0229] The anchors 302 maintain the liner at the correct height and orientation within the helmet while also acting as shock absorbers. Figures 3B and 3C show the liner 200 in a block black color.

[0230] Figures 5 and 6 show the halo 300 in isolation. As shown in Figure 7, the halo 300 is preferably made up of multiple sections. Halo anchor 302 has already been described. The halo band itself preferably comprises two halo arches, as well as four halo arches 305a, 305b, 305c, 305d as shown in Figure 7. Arches 305a, 305c are positioned on the sides of the wearer's head in use. Arch 305d is positioned on the wearer's forehead and arch 305b is positioned behind the wearer's head.

[0231] The arches may be connected together to define the halo band 301. They may be connected as a one-time connection and the halo band may be replaced or repaired as required. In a preferred form, a snap-fit ​​or snap-lock arrangement is provided at the interface of adjacent halo arches as shown in FIG. 7. A tab and catch arrangement allows the arches to be separated from each other without tools (or as a quick release arrangement where a tool such as a coin or screwdriver may be used). Once the arches are interlocked and connected, a permanently rigid halo band is defined. This is achieved by the shape and configuration of the halo arches and the manner in which they are connected.

[0232] Providing the halo band 301 with multiple halo arches allows the halo band to be disassembled. This may be desirable when replacing a damaged or contaminated halo band. It is also suitable for the purpose of cleaning the halo band. Allowing the halo band to be disassembled into parts allows the halo to be thoroughly cleaned from contaminants. Similarly, being able to remove the halo from the helmet shell allows for easier cleaning and replacement of parts.

[0233] Consisting of four pieces allows for a certain versatility in that larger or smaller halos can be created by only swapping out the sides or the front / back.

[0234] It is envisioned that the helmet will be provided as a modular helmet that allows the user to select certain optional features to be used with the helmet, such as a visor, etc. Thus, the halo band may be part of a modular system that allows different features to be provided by the halo to meet the needs of the helmet user.

[0235] 8 shows the halo 300 positioned inside the helmet shell and secured to the helmet shell 100 at anchor points 304(b). This may be achieved using screws, for example. Similarly, other anchor members secure the halo to the helmet shell at the rear of the helmet and on other sides of the helmet.

[0236] The connection between the halo and the shell is secure, but desirably removable, such as with the use of a tool. Together with the helmet shell, the halo provides structural strength to the helmet, particularly around the opening 106 in the helmet shell 100. The halo provides additional strength to the helmet shell and contributes to improving the crush resistance of the helmet.

[0237] Preferably, the halo band is made from Technyl Techstar PA66 nylon. Preferably, the halo band is made from 15-30% glass filled PA66 nylon. Preferably, the anchor member is made from PA6 nylon.

[0238] The connection between the halo and the shell is preferably secure, but removable. The connection is preferably a one-time connection, but the components may be cleaned, replaced, or repaired, such as with the use of tools. In combination with the helmet shell, the halo increases the structural strength of the helmet, particularly around the opening in the helmet. The halo provides additional strength to the helmet shell, improving the crush resistance of the helmet.

[0239] Preferably, the halo is a structural member which cooperates with the helmet shell to increase the crush resistance of the helmet compared to when the halo is not provided. The halo provides the helmet shell with crush resistance against lateral compressive forces. The crush resistance provided is preferably specified in one of two standards, AS / NZS4067:2012 and EN443:2008. Preferably, the helmet shell and the halo cooperate to increase the crush resistance of the helmet shell. Preferably, the helmet can withstand a lateral (sideways) and longitudinal (lengthwise) crush with a force of 630 kilonewtons. The helmet cannot deform a total of more than 40mm or a residual of more than 15mm after crushing. The helmet preferably cannot deform a total of more than 40mm or a residual of more than 15mm when crushed laterally or longitudinally with a force of 630 kilonewtons.

[0240] 8 shows the halo 300 positioned inside the helmet shell and secured to the helmet shell 100 at anchor points 304(b). Similarly, other anchor members secure the halo to the helmet shell at the rear of the helmet and on other sides of the helmet.

[0241] The other components of the halo shown in FIG. 7 are described below.

[0242] The subassembly 400 may be fixed to the halo 300 as shown in Figure 9. The fixed configuration is shown in Figures 10 and 11(a). The subassembly 400 is preferably removably fixed to the halo. The subassembly 400 may be removed from the halo, preferably in a manner that does not require the use of tools, either as a subassembly or as a quick release configuration in which a tool such as a coin or screwdriver may be utilized. The subassembly 400 is removably fixed to the halo such that the subassembly can be removed for cleaning the subassembly and / or for replacing parts of the subassembly and / or the halo.

[0243] Next, each part of the subassembly will be described.

[0244] The subassembly comprises a frame 500. The frame is preferably comprised of at least two frame members 500(a), 500(b). In a preferred form, the frame 500 is comprised of two frame halves 500(a), 500(b), which are typically positioned on either side of the wearer's head.

[0245] The frame is provided to hold the shock absorbing panels (described below) in place and to support the headband (described below).

[0246] In a preferred embodiment, the frame includes a number of connectors, referred to as frame connectors 501(a)-(f), which may be positioned with the hello band 301 at frame anchor points 310(a)-(f) of the hello band 301.

[0247] Frame connectors 501(a)-(f) and frame anchor points 310(a)-(f) are preferably shaped and configured to allow the frame to be connected and disconnected without tools or as a quick release arrangement in which a tool such as a coin or screwdriver may be used, i.e., to connect the halo to the subassembly 400.

[0248] In a preferred form, the frame anchor points 310(a)-(f) and frame connectors 501(a)-(f) are bayonet style, such as a captive bayonet ratcheting fitting, which allows for a manual twist and lock operation to secure the subassembly to the halo. The connector configuration is preferably a twist / lock connection to allow for repeated removal of the subassembly for cleaning. The twist / lock configuration preferably complies with North American NFPA 1971 standards, capable of withstanding a tensile force of 45kN per anchor point.

[0249] Figure 11(b) shows the frame halves in a flat state. Frame connectors 501(a)-(c) are shown on frame half 500(a) in Figure 11(b). As shown in Figures 12-13, a bayonet fitting configuration 508 is provided, consisting of a male bayonet 508(a) and an opening at the frame anchor point of halo band 301 defining a female bayonet 310 through which the male bayonet can pass and be rotated, for example 90 degrees, to releasably lock frame half 500(a) to halo band 301. It is contemplated that alternative ways can be designed whereby this connection can be established in a releasable manner.

[0250] Preferably, the frame members are not connected to each other but are independently connected to the impact absorbing panels described below.

[0251] Preferably, the frame members are independently connected to the shock absorbing panel, allowing the shock absorbing panel to conform as much as possible to the unique shape of each wearer's head to ensure comfort. The frame may be made of nylon, such as ST801, which may be a nylon with improved crush resistance to improve flexibility and durability after exposure to high heat. The frame is preferably of a resilient, flexible material and shape, and may be a wire frame or exoskeletal shape to allow for shape adaptation.

[0252] The frame 500 extends between the halo 300 and the impact absorbing panel 600. The impact absorbing panel 600 is connectable and, in use, connected to the frame at a number of anchor points 520 provided by the frame. The impact absorbing panel 600 has complementary anchor points by which the impact absorbing panel can be connected to the frame, preferably in a releasable manner.

[0253] The impact absorbing panel is shown laid out flat in Figures 15 and 16. In a preferred form, the impact absorbing panel is manufactured in a laid out flat condition as shown in Figure 16 and is shaped and configured such that it can be transformed, for example, into a three dimensional form, as shown in Figures 17-19. The impact absorbing panel 600 has anchor points 601 to which anchor points 520 of the frame can be secured to hold the impact absorbing panel 600 in place by the frame.

[0254] The impact absorbing panel is supported by a frame inside the helmet shell and is positioned intermediate the helmet shell and the wearer's head. In a preferred form, the impact absorbing panel 600 is positioned intermediate the liner 200 and the wearer's head during use.

[0255] The impact absorbing panel provides additional protection against impact forces received by the helmet shell. The impact absorbing panel 600 may absorb and reduce the force of an impact received by the helmet from being transmitted to the wearer's head.

[0256] The impact absorbing panel preferably covers most of the top, sides and front of the wearer's head. In a preferred form, the impact absorbing panel extends over at least the top of the wearer's head and extends downward from the top. In a preferred form, the impact absorbing panel extends over at least the impact area in accordance with EN443:2008 and AS / NZS4067:2012.

[0257] The shock absorbing panel 600 is preferably composed of a plurality of shock absorbing elements 602. The shock absorbing elements 602 are arranged in a matrix, as clearly shown in Figures 16 and 17. The shock absorbing elements are interconnected by interconnectors 603. In a preferred embodiment, each shock absorbing element is connected to other shock absorbing elements by at least two, preferably three, interconnectors 603. The interconnectors 603 individually bridge between two adjacent shock absorbing elements.

[0258] The interconnects 603 and the connected shock absorbing elements are preferably in a live hinge relationship, which allows the shape of the shock absorbing panel to be flexible and adaptable. Such adaptability may be desirable to accommodate the shape of a person's head and hair, and also when different sizes of helmets are provided, for example. A single shock absorbing panel can be shaped to be used with a variety of helmet shapes and wearer head profiles.

[0259] In a preferred form, each shock absorbing element is cup-shaped. Referring to shock absorbing element 602a identified in Figure 18 and Figure 16a, the cup-shaped element has an opening 603 and a base 604 with a sidewall 605 extending between the opening 603 and the base 604.

[0260] In a preferred form, the sidewall is three-spoke shaped.

[0261] The shock absorbing panel is made from a resilient material that can be resiliently set. Preferably, the shock absorbing panel is made from a molded material such as, but not limited to, DuPont Hytrel® 3078.

[0262] Each shock absorbing element deforms when pressure is applied, but resiliently returns to its original shape when the pressure is released.

[0263] In use, the impact absorbing panel is placed against the liner 200 as shown in FIG. 19. The opening 603 of each impact absorbing element 602 can be pressed against the lining 203 of the liner 200. Being made of a flexible material, the opening can be pressed against the lining 203 to seal the cup 605 of the impact absorbing element against the liner and trap air within the cup. When a sufficient force is applied to the impact absorbing element, such as when an object strikes the helmet shell, at least some of the impact absorbing elements are activated and pressed against the liner of the lining. Because the cup shape is sealed, the air inside can be compressed, preventing deformation of the impact absorbing element upon impact. The compressed air allows for a lightweight construction of the impact absorbing panel 600 while providing additional resistance to deformation of the impact absorbing element upon impact. The cup allows for the compressed air to be utilized to absorb energy from the impact force on the helmet shell.

[0264] Preferably, in the event of an impact force on the helmet skin, the element is able to slide across the lining or liner. In sliding across the lining or liner, energy is absorbed by the element. Preferably, in the event of an impact force on the helmet skin, the element is pressed against the lining of the liner and is able to absorb energy in a manner such as a shear force.

[0265] The height of the shock absorbing elements (between the base 604 and the opening 603) is 16 to 18 mm. The shock absorbing elements are independent of each other except that they are connected by connectors 603. Air flows between adjacent shock absorbing elements, allowing ventilation and airflow within the helmet, which helps keep the wearer's head cooler in hot weather.

[0266] A headband 700 is also preferably supported by the frame 500. The headband is preferably an adjustable headband that can accommodate a variety of head shapes using known adjustment mechanisms 701. The headband 700 extends around the wearer's head to provide a snug fit and help support the helmet stably on the wearer's head. The headband 700 preferably depends from the frame 500 using headband connectors 702(a)-(d) that can be positioned with the frame's connectors 530(a)-(d).

[0267] The connectors 530(a),(b) of the frame 500 can be clearly seen in Fig. 11(b). The headband 700 is preferably connected to the frame in an adjustable manner. This allows for height adjustment of the headband 700 relative to the frame and the shock absorbing panels. This may be desirable to accommodate different shapes and sizes of helmet and / or wearer's heads, e.g., hair / ponytail / respiratory masks.

[0268] In a preferred form, the connectors 702(a)-(d) and their respective corresponding connectors 530(a)-(d) on the frame allow multiple connection locations to be established. In a preferred form, the connectors 530(a)-(d) are in a ladder configuration, providing, for example, four separate locations to which the respective corresponding connectors 602(a)-(d) may be secured. Alternative ways in which this may be established will be envisioned by those skilled in the art.

[0269] 21 and 22 show a close-up view of the ladder configuration.

[0270] As shown in Figures 20A and 20B, the headband may be attached and detached from the frame as a unit, which also allows the headband to be quickly removed and replaced as needed.

[0271] A soft or comfort pad may be provided between the shock absorbing panel and the wearer's head. This pad may be made of a foam and fabric laminate. This is an optional component.

[0272] A chin strap is provided to secure the helmet to the wearer. The chin strap may extend up to and encircle the wearer's chin and may include a buckle to secure the chin strap in place and allow the helmet to be removed from the head. The chin strap may be secured to the halo using chin strap anchors 801A-C. This is shown in Figures 5-7. The chin strap anchors may be removed from the halo without requiring further disassembly or use of tools, or as a quick release arrangement where a tool such as a coin or screwdriver may be used. This is a desirable feature for cleaning / decontamination purposes. A snap fit or interface fit may be provided to allow assembly and removal of the chin strap and halo.

[0273] At least one visor, preferably two visors, are provided.

[0274] The first visor is the eye and eye protector 900. It is preferably pivotally attached to the halo with pivot mounts 901A, 901B. The pivot mounts are preferably fixed to the halo band. The pivot mounts allow the visor 900 to be removed from the halo band, preferably in a repeatable and removable manner so that the visor can be optionally added to the helmet as well as removed for replacement or cleaning. The visor 900 is removably attached to and removed from the halo without the use of tools or is a quick release arrangement where a tool such as a coin or screwdriver may be used. The visor 900 can be moved between a stowed high state and a deployed low state. In the stowed state, the visor 900 is preferably out of the wearer's field of view. In the deployed state, the visor 900 is preferably over the wearer's eyes. In the stowed state, the visor is held in the stowed state by a catch 902. The catch 902 prevents the visor 900 from rotating to the deployed state. The catch 900 is released from the visor 900, and to allow the visor 900 to rotate downwards, the visor 900 is first pushed upwards to disengage the catch 902 from the visor. The visor can therefore be considered to operate as a push-to-store, push-to-release visor. Preferably, an arm 903 extends from the halo band to position the catch. The arm 903 is removable from the halo band. This can be without the use of tools or as a quick release arrangement where a tool such as a coin or screwdriver can be used. The arm 903 is provided in front of the wearer's head.

[0275] A second visor may also be provided. The second visor may be a face shield / guard and may protect a larger area of ​​the wearer's face. It is preferably rotatably secured to the helmet shell as at 906. It is preferably moved from a stored state tucked under the helmet shell to an intermediate position between the helmet shell and the subassembly.

[0276] The inner "visor" is an eye protector and must provide a fixed area of ​​protection, the outer "visor" is referred to in the standard as a face shield / guard and must provide a defined / larger area of ​​protection.

[0277] Where the foregoing description refers to elements or integers having known equivalents, such equivalents are included as if individually set forth.

[0278] Although the invention has been described by way of example and with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood that changes and / or modifications can be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

[0279] Furthermore, where features or aspects of the invention are described in terms of a Markush group, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is also described in terms of individual members or subgroups of members of the Markush group. [Explanation of symbols]

[0280] 100 Helmet Shell 101 back area 102a, b Side area 103 Front area 104 top area 105 Opening 106 Inside 200 Liner 201 Outside 202 Inside 203 Lining 300 Hello 301 Hello Band 302 Hello Anchor 303 Mechanical fastening parts 304 Anchor Region 305a~d Harrow Arch 310 Frame Anchor Point 400 Subassembly 500 Frames, frame members, frame halves 501 Frame Connector 508 Parts 508 Bayonet fitting configuration, plug-in member 520 Anchor Point 530 Connector 600 Shock Absorption Panel 601 Anchor Point 602, 603 Connectors 602a Shock absorbing element 603 Openings, interconnectors 604 Base (bottom) 605 Sidewall, Cup 700 Headband 701 Adjustment mechanism 702 Headband Connector 801A~C Strap anchor 900 Visor, catch, eye protector 901A, B pivot mounts 902 Catch 903 Arm 1000 Helmets

Claims

1. a. a helmet shell; b. an inner assembly; A protective helmet comprising: The inner assembly includes: i. a halo secured to the shell and positioned around the wearer's head intermediate the wearer's head and the shell; ii. (a) an impact absorbing panel positioned intermediate the helmet shell and the wearer's head in use, overlying at least a portion of a crown and the wearer's head, and extending downwardly from the crown, the impact absorbing panel being comprised of a plurality of spaced apart impact absorbing elements interconnected to cooperate to reduce transmission of impact forces received by the helmet shell to the wearer's head; (b) a frame secured to the halo, extending from the halo to the impact absorbing panel, and removably securing the impact absorbing panel to the halo; and (c) a head harness that, in use, is positioned on the wearer's head and secured to the frame. Subassembly by iii. a liner positioned inside the helmet shell and intermediate the helmet shell and the impact absorbing panel; Equipped with a protective helmet.

2. The helmet shell comprises: a. EN443:2008 standard for penetration resistance b. EN443:2008 standard for impact resistance; and c. NFPA 1971:2008 standard for heat resistance 2. The protective helmet according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:

3. The helmet shell, in its overall shape, i. plastic materials; ii. polycarbonate; iii. co-molded polycarbonate; iv. polyamide, v. resin infused polyaramid; vi. Resin Infused Kevlar®; vii. resin infused fiberglass; viii. Resin infused carbon fiber; ix. one or more stacked assemblies as described above; and x. one or more laminated sandwich assemblies as described above, comprising a foam material as the sandwich material; 3. The protective helmet of claim 1 or 2, comprising an impact resistant material selected from any one of the following:

4. 4. The protective helmet according to claim 1, wherein the liner is a cap located intermediate the helmet shell and the inner assembly, and is constructed of a foam layer for insulating the wearer's head from heat outside the helmet shell.

5. A protective helmet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the halo is removably secured to the helmet shell.

6. 6. A protective helmet as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the halo comprises a halo band which, in use, is positioned around the wearer's head, the halo band being positioned inside the helmet shell, intermediate the wearer's head and the helmet shell.

7. 7. The protective helmet of claim 6, wherein the halo band is comprised of at least three arch members that are removably connected using mechanical fasteners that, when connected, establish a rigid halo band as a structural component on which the subassembly depends.

8. 7. The protective helmet of claim 6, wherein the halo includes anchor members secured to the halo band at spaced intervals, the anchor members projecting from the halo band to define fastening areas at which the anchor members may be connected and secured to the helmet shell.

9. 9. The protective helmet of claim 8, wherein the anchor members are removably secured to the helmet shell at at least two spaced apart locations to provide impact absorbing capability while maintaining the liner at the correct height and orientation within the protective helmet.

10. The helmet shell and the halo cooperate to ensure the crush resistance of the helmet shell and comply with at least one of the standards AS / NZS 4067: 2012 and EN 443: 2008. Protective helmet according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A protective helmet according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the subassembly can be repeatedly removed from and coupled to the halo.

12. 12. A protective helmet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the impact absorbing panel is made of a plurality of spaced apart individual impact absorbing elements connected to each other by live hinge elements, the impact absorbing elements being made from a resiliently flexible material.

13. 13. The protective helmet of claim 12, wherein each of the shock absorbing elements comprises a cup having an open top and a sidewall extending to a base defining a cup receiving area, the open top facing the liner in use.

14. 14. The protective helmet of claim 13, wherein each said open top can be hermetically sealed to said liner so as to trap air within each said cup and increase the resistance of the cup to compression.

15. 15. A protective helmet according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the cup is compressed towards its base in the mouth and acts as a compression spring.

16. A protective helmet as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the cup has a three spoke shaped cross section between the mouth opening and the base.

17. 17. A protective helmet as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the shock absorbing elements are spaced apart to allow air to flow between the shock absorbing elements to keep the wearer's head cool.

18. A protective helmet as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein when an impact force is applied to the skin of the protective helmet, the impact absorbing element can slide across the liner, and energy is absorbed by the impact absorbing element as it slides across the lining of the liner.

19. A protective helmet according to any preceding claim, wherein the frame is removably secured to the halo using a connector arrangement.

20. 20. The protective helmet of claim 19, wherein the connector arrangement is a twist and lock connector arrangement.

21. A protective helmet according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the frame connects the impact absorbing panel to the halo in a releasable manner.

22. A protective helmet according to any preceding claim, wherein the frame comprises at least one frame member.

23. 23. A protective helmet as claimed in claim 22, wherein in use there are two frame members secured to the halo and to either side of the wearer's head, respectively.

24. 24. The protective helmet of claim 22 or 23, wherein each of the frame members is independently connected to the impact absorbing panel.

25. A protective helmet according to any preceding claim, wherein a head harness is removably secured to the frame.

26. A protective helmet as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a head harness is removably secured to the frame in an adjustable manner in at least three, and preferably four, spaced apart positions.

27. A protective helmet according to any preceding claim, wherein the visor is pivotally and removably attached to the halo such that the visor can be moved between a high stowed position and a low deployed position.

28. An impact absorbing panel for a helmet that, in use, is positioned on the top of a wearer's head, intermediate the helmet shell and the wearer's head, the impact absorbing panel being comprised of a plurality of interconnected, spaced apart impact absorbing elements that cooperate to reduce the transmission of impact forces received by the helmet shell to the wearer's head.

29. 29. The impact absorbing panel of claim 28, wherein said impact absorbing panel is of unitary construction.

30. 30. An impact absorbing panel according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the impact absorbing panel is concave in use.

31. An impact absorbing panel according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the impact absorbing panel is made up of a plurality of spaced apart individual impact absorbing elements connected to each other by live hinge elements.

32. 29. The impact absorbing panel according to claim 28, wherein said impact absorbing element is made of a flexible material.

33. An impact absorbing panel according to claim 31 or 32, wherein said impact absorbing element is made of an elastically flexible material.

34. An impact absorbing panel according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein each impact absorbing element comprises a cup having an open top and side walls extending to a base defining a cup receiving area.

35. 35. The impact absorbing panel of claim 34, wherein when the impact absorbing element is pressed against a helmet liner, the open top is hermetically sealed against the liner.

36. 36. The impact absorbing panel according to claim 34 or 35, wherein the cup can be compressed towards the base within the mouth.

37. The impact absorbing panel according to any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the cup is compressed in the mouth towards the base and acts as a compression spring.

38. The impact absorbing panel according to any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the cup is compressed towards the base within the mouth and acts as a compression spring, providing increased resistance to compression when the mouth is sealed to the helmet liner.

39. An impact absorbing panel according to any one of claims 34 to 38, wherein the cup has a three spoke shaped cross section between the mouth opening and the base.

40. 40. The impact absorbing panel according to any one of claims 28 to 39, wherein the shock absorbing elements are formed in a matrix and spaced apart from one another to allow air to flow between the shock absorbing elements and keep the wearer's head cool, and these elements provide gaps between the liner and the wearer's head through which air can flow and keep the wearer's head cool.

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