Organic compounds and their uses, passivation films, solar cells and power consuming devices

Abstract

The present application provides an organic compound and its use, a passivation film, a solar cell and a power consuming device. The organic compound is a compound represented by formula (1) or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (1), where Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and an aromatic amine represented by formula (A): L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group. The organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of a solar cell device. [Formula 1] JPEG2025503809000080.jpg33170 .

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and more particularly to organic compounds and their uses, passivation films, solar cells and power consuming devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have many features such as excellent photoelectric properties, high optical absorption coefficient, long carrier life, long diffusion length, etc., and have become the leader of the new third generation solar cells. Among them, inverted perovskite solar cells have advantages such as high stability and small hysteresis, and have attracted more and more attention. The structure of inverted perovskite solar cells mainly includes a glass substrate and a TCO, a hole transport layer HTL, a perovskite layer PVK, and an electron transport layer ETL, which are sequentially installed on the glass substrate.

[0003] Metal oxides such as nickel oxide are commonly used hole transport layer materials when manufacturing inverted perovskite solar cells. However, the presence of trivalent nickel cannot be avoided during the manufacturing and use of nickel oxide. Trivalent nickel reacts with A-site cations such as formamidine ions (FA) and methylamine ions (MA) present in the perovskite, resulting in A-site vacancies. Excess lead halide remains at the interface between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer, resulting in too many defects at the interface or an imbalance in the hole transport rate, and increased charge recombination at the interface, thereby reducing the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the solar cell, and reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0004] Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides an organic compound and its use, a passivation film, a solar cell and a power consuming device, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of a solar cell device.

[0006] According to a first aspect, the present application provides an organic compound, the organic compound being represented by formula (1): [ka] In the above formula (A), Ar is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and an aromatic amine represented by the formula (A): [ka] L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group.

[0007] Ar 1 ~Ar 3 are each independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and Ar 1 ~Ar 3 At least one of the groups is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3, Or, it is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0008] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, Ar, L and R have specific group structures. 1 are organically linked to form an organic compound of formula (1) or further to form an oxoacid salt, where L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Ar and R 1 are connected to each other, forming an organism, R 1 is an oxo acid group, which can bond with a metal ion such as trivalent nickel, thereby serving to passivate the metal ion, and at the same time, L serves to reduce steric hindrance.1 The organic compound formed by the organic bonds can form aggregates having a regular structure through intermolecular interactions and has a high self-organizing ability, which can produce a flat self-organized passivation film and improve the performance of the passivation film. When used in the production of solar cells, the organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cells.

[0009] Furthermore, when the above organic compounds are used to manufacture the passivation film of the solar cell, on the one hand, the hydrophobicity of the passivation film can be improved by controlling the number of carbon atoms of L, and the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light absorbing material can be further suppressed; on the other hand, the specific group structure of Ar allows the organic compounds to have an energy level matching with other functional layer materials in the solar cell, and the light conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be further improved.

[0010] In some embodiments, L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

[0011] By controlling the number of carbon atoms in L, the steric hindrance of the organic compound can be reduced, and at the same time, the hydrophobicity of the organic compound can be improved, thereby further improving the light conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the chain alkylene group is a straight chain alkylene group.

[0013] In some embodiments, R 1 is independently selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boronic acid group, and a silicic acid group.

[0014] In some embodiments, R 1 is independently selected from one of the following structures for each occurrence: [ka] * indicates the binding site.

[0015] In some embodiments, the heteroatoms in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms are selected from at least one of N, O, and S.

[0016] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of formulas (A)-(C): [ka] where X 1 , X 2 are each independently a single bond, C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, N, NR 4 , C=O or S=O, and X 1 and X 2 is not a single bond at the same time, Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are each independently C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, N, NR 4 , C=O or S=O; R 2 ~R 5 Each occurrence of represents independently H, D, a halogen group, -N(R 6 ) 2 , -CONR 6 , -OCOR 6 a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; R 6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefinic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; n 2 and n 3 are each independently selected from any integer of 1 to 4, and * indicates a binding site.

[0017] In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 are each independently a single bond, C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, N, NR 4 and X 1 and X 2 is not a single bond at the same time, Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are each independently C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, or N.

[0018] In some embodiments, R 2 ~R 5 Each occurrence of represents independently H, D, a halogen group, an amino group, or -CONR 6 , -OCOR 6 an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen or a carboxylic acid group, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, R 6 each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefinic group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0019] In some embodiments, NR 4 R in 4 is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or any one of the following structures: [ka] Y 4 Each occurrence of 9 or N, and Y in the same structural formula is 4 is not N at the same time, Y 5 Each occurrence of 9 R 10 or NR 9 is selected from R 9 ~R 10 each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0020] *NR 4 The binding site with N in is shown.

[0021] In some embodiments, Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from H and any one of the following structures: [ka] Here, Y 6 is CR 7 R 8 , O, S, S=O, C=O; X 3 Each occurrence of 7 or N, and X in the same structural formula 3 is not N at the same time, R 7 and R 8 is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0022] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of the following structures: [ka] [ka] [ka] .

[0023] In some embodiments, the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, the anion being formed by loss of H from at least one alcoholic hydroxy group of the oxoacid group in the compound represented by formula (1), and the cation being a metal ion or NH 4 + is selected from.

[0024] According to a second aspect, the present application provides the use of an organic compound as a metal deactivator, the organic compound being a compound represented by formula (2): [ka] Here, Ar 0 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group, n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3, Or, it is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0025] According to a third aspect, the present application provides a use of the organic compound in the manufacture of a passivation film, the organic compound being a compound represented by formula (2): [ka] Here, Ar 0 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group, n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3, Or, it is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0026] According to a fourth aspect, the present application provides a passivation film, the passivation film comprising an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2) as a component, [ka] Here, Ar 0is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group, n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3, According to a fifth aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a passivation film according to the fourth aspect, A step of mixing the organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or the oxo acid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) with a solvent to produce a mixed solution; and applying the mixture onto a surface of a substrate and drying the mixture to obtain a passivation film.

[0027] According to a sixth aspect, the present application provides a solar cell comprising a hole transport layer and a passivation layer disposed in a stacked manner, the hole transport layer comprising a metal oxide, and the passivation layer comprising an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (2), [ka] Here, Ar 0 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group, n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3,

[0028] According to a seventh aspect, the present application provides a power consuming device including a solar cell as provided in the sixth aspect.

[0029] The above description is only an outline of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the following provides specific embodiments of the present application, which can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to more clearly understand the above and other objectives, features and advantages of the present application. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0030] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and should not be considered as limiting the present application. In the drawings, the same elements use the same reference numerals. The drawings are as follows:

[0031] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 2] 1 is a schematic diagram of a power consuming device that uses a solar cell as a power source in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The following describes in detail the embodiments of the technical solution of the present application with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, and are merely examples, which do not limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs, and the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. The terms "including" and "having" and their equivalents in the specification and claims of this application, as well as the above description of the drawings, are intended to be non-exclusive.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are merely intended to distinguish different objects, and should not be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance, or the quantity, specific order, or hierarchical relationship of the technical features shown. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly limited, "plurality" means two or more.

[0035] Reference to an "embodiment" in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of the term "embodiment" in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor do they refer to embodiments that are mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative to other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described in this specification can be combined with other embodiments.

[0036] The term "and / or" in the description of the embodiments of the present application merely describes the relationship between related objects and indicates that three types of relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can indicate three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In this specification, the symbol " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0037] In describing the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two); similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets); and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more sheets (including two sheets).

[0038] In describing the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "up," "down," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are intended to make the embodiments of the present application easier to explain and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the subject devices or elements have a specific orientation or should be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "attached," "connected," "connected," "fixed," and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integral. They may be mechanically connected or electrically connected. They may be directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or may be communication within two elements or an interaction relationship between two parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] As used herein, the term "alkyl group" refers to a group formed after the loss of one hydrogen from an alkane, e.g., a methyl group formed after the loss of one hydrogen from methane, and the term "alkylene group" refers to a group formed after the loss of two hydrogens from an alkane, e.g., a methylene group formed after the loss of two hydrogens from methane.

[0041] The term "open chain alkane" refers to an alkane in which all of the carbon atoms are joined by single carbon-carbon bonds and do not form rings, and all remaining valences are bonded to hydrogen, and includes straight chain alkanes and branched alkanes.

[0042] In the present invention, the number of carbon atoms in the "chain alkylene group" may be 1 to 10, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, and refers to a group formed after two hydrogen atoms are lost from a chain alkane containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms (i.e., a C1-10 chain alkane), and specific examples include a group formed after two hydrogen atoms are lost from a C1 chain alkane, a C2 chain alkane, a C3 chain alkane, a C4 chain alkane, a C5 chain alkane, a C6 chain alkane, a C7 chain alkane, a C8 chain alkane, a C9 chain alkane, or a C10 chain alkane. Non-limiting examples of "C1-10 chain alkanes" include methane, ethane, n-propane, isopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-ethylbutane, 3,3-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 1-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethylpentane, 4-methyl-2-pentane, n-hexane, 1-methylhexane, 2-ethylhexane, 2-butylhexane, n-heptane, 1-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-ethylheptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane. That is, non-limiting examples of "C1-10 chain alkylene groups" include groups formed after two hydrogens are lost from the chain alkanes.

[0043] In the present invention, the "number of ring atoms" refers to the number of atoms bonded to a ring, and when the ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms contained in the substituent are not included in the ring-constituting atoms. The same applies to the "number of ring atoms" described below unless otherwise specified. For example, the number of ring atoms in a benzene ring is 6, the number of ring atoms in a naphthalene ring is 10, and the number of ring atoms in a thiophene is 5.

[0044] An "aryl group" refers to a hydrocarbon group containing at least one aromatic ring, including non-fused aryl groups and fused aryl groups. A fused aryl group refers to a group formed after two or more aromatic rings join two adjacent shared ring atoms, i.e., a fused ring.

[0045] A "heteroaryl group" refers to an aromatic ring group in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom, including, but not limited to, N, P, O, and S.

[0046] The term "aromatic amine" refers to a group having a direct chemical bond between a nitrogen atom and a ring atom of one of the above aryl groups.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of the "aryl group" of the present invention include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, perylene, tetracene, pyrene, benzopyrene, astatine, fluorene, and the like. Non-limiting examples of the "heteroaryl group" include triazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, imidazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienylpyrrole ... Non-limiting examples of "aromatic amines" include enothiophene, furanopyrrole, furanofuran, thienofuran, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, perimidine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, and the like. Non-limiting examples of "aromatic amines" include substituted or unsubstituted aniline, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, or substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine.

[0048] In the present invention, when no bonding site is indicated in a group, any bondable site in the group is the bonding site.

[0049] In the present invention, when a single bond to which a substituent is bonded penetrates a corresponding ring, it means that the substituent may be bonded to any position of the ring, and for example, [ka] R is bonded to any substitutable site on the benzene ring, and when R is H, it represents that no substituent is present; [ka] In this case, benzene.

[0050] In the present invention, "substituted or unsubstituted" indicates that the defined group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When the defined group is substituted, it is understood that it is substituted with any group acceptable in the art, including, but not limited to, a C1-30 alkyl group, a heterocyclyl group containing 3 to 20 ring atoms, an aryl group containing 5 to 20 ring atoms, and a heteroaryl group containing 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0051] In the present invention, when the same substituent occurs multiple times, it may be independently selected from different groups. [ka] Multiple R in 3 or multiple R 2 If present, then each R 3 and R 2 may be independently selected from different groups. 3 or R 2 When is H, it means that the hydrogen on the benzene ring is not replaced by another substituent.

[0052] In the present invention, "*" indicates a binding site.

[0053] In the present invention, when two groups are linked at a bonding site, e.g. [ka] In the above formula, when R is selected from a single bond, it is not necessary for the two groups to be bonded via a specific group, but rather the two groups are directly bonded by a single bond, i.e. [ka] It is.

[0054] In the present invention, when two ring structures in the structural schematic diagram share at least two ring-constituting atoms, it is meant that the two ring structures are fused, and when one of the ring structure groups is selected from H, it is meant that this ring structure does not exist. For example, [ka] In "Ar 4 Or Ar 5 When is selected from H, Ar 4 Or Ar 5 represents the absence of Ar 4 and Ar 5 are both H, the structure is [ka] "

[0055] As described in the background art, when metal oxides such as nickel oxide are used as hole transport layer materials in manufacturing perovskite solar cells, there are too many interface defects between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer or the hole transport rate is unbalanced, which increases the charge recombination at the interface, thereby reducing the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the solar cell, and reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell. Therefore, interface passivation is the main means by which researchers improve the efficiency of the cell device, and is generally achieved by adding a passivation layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer to passivate metal ions such as trivalent nickel.

[0056] In the prior art, the passivation film is generally made of polymer, for example, the interface passivation film is made of polystyrene, but the engineers of this application have found the following in the course of research: When the passivation film is made of a polymer such as polystyrene as the passivation material, the thickness and flatness are difficult to control, and if the thickness of the passivation film is too large, it will inhibit the extraction of carriers and cause a significant decrease in the battery efficiency. At the same time, the polymer is essentially a mixture of molecular chains with different molecular weights, and the degree of polymerization of each molecule is different, so the molecular weight distribution is large, which reduces the reproducibility of the passivation film, and the energy levels of the polymer, nickel oxide, and perovskite do not match, so there is an energy barrier in the process of carrier extraction, which increases the difficulty of extraction, and conversely causes a decrease in the open circuit voltage of the battery.

[0057] A technique has been attempted in which a passivation layer is produced using a small molecule salt containing a functional group capable of bonding with a metal, and trivalent nickel is passivated using the functional group capable of bonding with a metal. However, the present inventors discovered the following during the actual production and development process: It is difficult to form a flat passivation film using these small molecule salts, and the stability of the light conversion efficiency of the resulting solar cell is very limited.

[0058] Therefore, through numerous innovative experiments, the engineers of the present application have obtained an organic compound that can passivate the metal in the present application and at the same time has excellent film-forming properties, which can be used to manufacture a passivation film to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cell devices.

[0059] One embodiment of the present application provides an organic compound, the organic compound being represented by formula (1): [ka] In the above formula (A), Ar is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and an aromatic amine represented by formula (A): [ka] L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group, Ar 1 ~Ar 3 are each independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and Ar 1 ~Ar 3 At least one of the groups is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3, Or, it is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0060] In the above organic compound, Ar, L and R each have a specific group structure. 1 are organically linked to form an organic compound of formula (1) or further to form an oxoacid salt, where L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Ar and R 1 are connected to each other, forming an organism, R 1 is an oxo acid group, which can bond with a metal ion such as trivalent nickel, thereby serving to passivate the metal ion, and at the same time, L serves to reduce steric hindrance. 1 The organic compound formed by the organic bonds can form aggregates having a regular structure through intermolecular interactions and has a high self-organizing ability, which can produce a flat self-organized passivation film and improve the performance of the passivation film. When used in the production of solar cells, the organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cells.

[0061] Furthermore, when the above organic compounds are used to manufacture the passivation film of the solar cell, on the one hand, the hydrophobicity of the passivation film can be improved by controlling the number of carbon atoms of L, and the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light absorbing material can be further suppressed; on the other hand, the specific group structure of Ar allows the organic compounds to have an energy level matching with other functional layer materials in the solar cell, and the light conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be further improved.

[0062] In addition, in the organic compound of the present application, Ar and R of a group having a specific structure 1 Since the mutual attraction between them is small, during the process of the self-organizing film formation of the organic compound, the head-tail structures of the organic molecules can be avoided from being attracted to each other, and the intermolecular interactions between the organic molecules can be ensured to form aggregates with regular structures, which can advance the film formation in the direction of forming a flat monolayer film and help to form a passivation film with a uniform thickness, thereby improving the light conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0063] In some embodiments, the chain alkylene group is a straight chain alkylene group.

[0064] Preferably, L is selected from chain alkylene groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

[0065] Furthermore, by controlling the number of carbon atoms in L, the steric hindrance of the organic compound is reduced, and at the same time, the hydrophobicity of the organic compound is improved, thereby further improving the light conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0066] In some embodiments, L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

[0067] Furthermore, L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0068] Furthermore, L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0069] Non-limiting examples of L include the following structures: [ka] Here, * indicates the binding site.

[0070] In some embodiments, R 1 is independently selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boronic acid group, and a silicic acid group.

[0071] R 1 is independently selected from one of the following structures for each occurrence: [ka] * indicates the binding site.

[0072] In some embodiments, the heteroatom in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms is selected from at least one of N, O, and S.

[0073] When Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5-50 ring atoms, the heteroatom is selected from at least one of N, O and S, so that the organic compound has an energy level that is more matched with commonly used metal oxide hole transport materials and perovskite materials, and is used in the manufacture of passivation films for solar cells, thereby further improving the performance of the solar cells.

[0074] In some embodiments, at least one heteroatom in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms is N.

[0075] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, or an aromatic amine represented by formula (A).

[0076] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of a fused aryl group having 8 to 30 ring atoms, a fused heteroaryl group having 8 to 30 ring atoms, or an aromatic amine represented by formula (A).

[0077] Ar is selected from any one of formulas (A) to (C), [ka] * indicates the binding site.

[0078] where X 1 , X 2 are each independently a single bond, C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, N, NR 4 , C=O or S=O, and X 1 and X 2 is not a single bond at the same time.

[0079] In the above formula, X 1 , X 2 is not a single bond at the same time, there are two types of N in the formula, N + NR 4 For example, when forming a five-membered ring, [ka] may be also possible.

[0080] In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 are each independently a single bond, C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, NR 4 , C=O or S=O, and X 1and X 2 is not a single bond at the same time.

[0081] In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 are each independently a single bond, C(R 4 R 5 ), N.R. 4 , C=O or S=O, and X 1 and X 2 is not a single bond at the same time.

[0082] In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 are each independently a single bond, C(R 4 R 5 ), N.R. 4 and X 1 and X 2 is not a single bond at the same time.

[0083] Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are each independently C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, N, NR 4 , C=O or S=O.

[0084] In some embodiments, Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are each independently C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, N, NR 4 is selected from one of the following:

[0085] In some embodiments, Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are each independently C(R 4 R 5 ), O, S, NR 4 is selected from one of the following:

[0086] In some embodiments, the NR 4 R in 4 is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or any one of the following structures: [ka] Y 4 Each time it appears, CR 9 or N, and Y in the same structural formula 4 and N cannot be simultaneously.

[0087] Y 5 Each occurrence of 9 R 10 or NR 9 is selected from R 9 ~R 10 each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0088] *NR 4 The binding site with N in is shown.

[0089] R 2 ~R 5 Each occurrence of represents independently H, D, a halogen group, -N(R 6 ) 2 , -CONR 6 , -OCOR 6 a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0090] R 2 ~R 5Each occurrence of represents independently H, D, a halogen group, -N(R 6 ) 2 , -CONR 6 , -OCOR 6 a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0091] The halogen group includes any one of F, Cl, Br, and I.

[0092] Above - CONR 6 represents an amide compound, with the structure -C(=O)NR 6 It can be expressed as -OCOR 6 represents an ester compound, with the structure -OC(=O)R 6 It can be expressed as:

[0093] R 6 each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefinic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0094] In some embodiments, R 6 is independently selected from H, D, an unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted linear olefinic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0095] Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; In some embodiments, Ar4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from H, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0096] n 2 and n 3 are each independently selected from integers of 1 to 4.

[0097] n 2 and n 3 are each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0098] In some embodiments, Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from H and any one of the following structures: [ka] Here, Y 6 is CR 7 R 8 , O, S, S=O, C=O.

[0099] In some embodiments, Y 6 is CR 7 R 8 , O, or S.

[0100] X 3 Each occurrence of 7 or N, and X in the same structural formula 3 is not N at the same time.

[0101] R 7 and R 8each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0102] In some embodiments, Ar 1 ~Ar 3 are each independently selected from H, an olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and Ar 1 ~Ar 3 At least one of these is selected from aryl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0103] In some embodiments, Ar 3 ~Ar 5 are each independently selected from H, a cyclic olefin group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and Ar 3 ~Ar 5 At least one of these is selected from aryl groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0104] In some embodiments, Ar 1 ~Ar 3 at least one of is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] X 4 Each occurrence of 11 Represents.

[0105] R 11 is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0106] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of the following structures: [ka] [ka] [ka] Here, R 2 ~R 3、 n 2 ~n 3 The meaning is the same as above.

[0107] In some embodiments, the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) includes an anion and a cation, the anion being formed by loss of H from at least one alcoholic hydroxy group of the oxoacid group in the compound represented by formula (1), and the cation being a metal ion or NH 4 + is selected from.

[0108] In some embodiments, the cation is Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Li + , Ca 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sn 2+ or NH 4 + is selected from one of the following:

[0109] In addition, when the valence of the cation is +2 or more, the valence of the corresponding anion is a corresponding negative valence, and when the valence of the corresponding anion is +1, the number of anions is 2 or more; that is, the algebraic sum of the valences of the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) and the cation in the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) is 0.

[0110] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the use of an organic compound as a metal deactivator, the organic compound being represented by formula (2): [ka] Here, Ar 0 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group, n 1 is selected from an integer of 1 to 3, Or, it is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0111] L, R 1 and n 1 The meaning and selection range of are the same as above.

[0112] In some embodiments, Ar 0 In the above-mentioned substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, the heteroatom is selected from at least one of N, O and S.

[0113] Ar 0 is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, the heteroatom is selected from at least one of N, O and S, so that the organic compound has an energy level that is more matched with commonly used metal oxide hole transport materials and perovskite materials, and is used in the manufacture of passivation films for solar cells, thereby further improving the performance of the solar cells.

[0114] In some embodiments, Ar 0In the above-mentioned substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, at least one heteroatom is N.

[0115] In some embodiments, Ar 0 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 30 ring atoms.

[0116] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted fused aryl group having 8 to 30 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted fused heteroaryl group having 8 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 30 ring atoms.

[0117] Ar is selected from any one of formulas (B) to (D), [ka] * indicates the binding site.

[0118] where X 1 , X 2 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , R 2 ~R 5 , Ar 4 and Ar 5、 n 2 and n 3 The meaning and selection range of are the same as above.

[0119] In some embodiments, Ar 01 ~Ar 03 are each independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and Ar 01 ~Ar 03At least one of these is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0120] In some embodiments, Ar 01 ~Ar 03 are each independently selected from H, a cyclic olefin group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and Ar 01 ~Ar 03 At least one of these is selected from aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0121] In some embodiments, Ar 01 ~Ar 03 at least one of is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] X 4 The meaning and selection range of are the same as above.

[0122] In some embodiments, Ar 0 is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] [ka] [ka] Here, R 2 ~R 3 , n 2 ~n 3 The meaning is the same as above.

[0123] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, Ar having a specific group structure 0 , L and R 1is organically bonded to form an organic compound of formula (1) or further to form an oxoacid salt, where L is selected from a chain alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Ar 0 and R 1 are connected to each other, forming an organism, R 1 is an oxoacid group, which is capable of bonding with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby acting to passivate the metal ions.

[0124] In some embodiments, the metal deactivator is a nickel metal deactivator or a zinc metal deactivator or a molybdenum metal deactivator.

[0125] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a use of an organic compound in the manufacture of a passivation film, the organic compound being a compound represented by formula (2) or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2).

[0126] The structure of the oxo acid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) or formula (2) is the same as above, and therefore description thereof is omitted.

[0127] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a passivation film, which contains, as a component, an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2).

[0128] The structure of the oxo acid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) or formula (2) is the same as above, and therefore description thereof is omitted.

[0129] In the above organic compound, L is selected from a chain alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Ar 0 and R 1 are connected to each other, forming an organism, R 1 is an oxo acid group, which can bond with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby serving to passivate the metal ions, and at the same time, L serves to reduce steric hindrance, and the above Ar 0 , L and R 1The organic compounds formed by the organic bonds of can form aggregates with regular structures through intermolecular interactions, and have a high self-organizing ability, which can produce flat self-organized passivation films and improve the performance of the passivation films. Furthermore, on the one hand, the hydrophobicity of the passivation film can be improved by controlling the number of carbon atoms in L, which can further suppress the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light-absorbing material; on the other hand, the Ar 0 Due to the specific group structure in, the organic compound can have an energy level matching with other functional layer materials in the solar cell, which can further improve the light conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0130] In some embodiments, the passivation film is a single layer film.

[0131] In some embodiments, the passivation film has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 10 nm.

[0132] In some embodiments, the passivation film has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 5 nm.

[0133] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a method for manufacturing the above passivation film, which includes the following steps S10 to S20.

[0134] In step S10, the organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) is mixed with a solvent to produce a mixed solution.

[0135] The structure of the oxo acid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) or formula (2) is the same as above, and therefore description thereof is omitted.

[0136] Step S20: The mixture is applied to the surface of the substrate and dried to obtain a passivation film.

[0137] In some embodiments, the solvent is an organic solvent, and further, the solvent is selected from at least one of an alcohol solvent, an aromatic solvent, an amide solvent, and a sulfoxide solvent.

[0138] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from at least one of methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, and chlorobenzene.

[0139] In some embodiments, the concentration of the mixture is between 0.1 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL.

[0140] By adjusting the concentration of the mixed solution, the thickness of the resulting passivation film can be further adjusted.

[0141] In some embodiments, the coating step may include spin coating, knife coating, slit coating, and the like.

[0142] In some embodiments, the drying step is used to remove the solvent, which may be in the form of annealing or vacuum heating.

[0143] Referring to FIG. 1 , the present application provides a solar cell 10, which includes a hole transport layer 12 and a passivation layer 13 arranged in a stacked manner, the hole transport layer 12 comprising a metal oxide, and the passivation layer 12 comprising an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0144] The structure of the oxo acid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) or formula (2) is the same as above.

[0145] In the organic compound of the passivation layer 12, L is selected from a chain alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Ar 0 and R 1 are connected to each other, forming an organism, R 1is an oxoacid group that can bond with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby acting to passivate the metal ions; Ar 0 The specific group structure in the Ar 0 , L and R 1 The organic compound formed by the organic bonds can form aggregates having a regular structure through intermolecular interactions, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0146] The metal oxide in the hole transport layer 12 may be any of various metal oxides generally used in this field that can be used as a hole transport material.

[0147] In some embodiments, the composition of hole transport layer 12 includes at least one of nickel oxide, zinc oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0148] With continued reference to FIG. 1, the solar cell 10 further includes a perovskite layer 14 located on a surface of the passivation layer 13 remote from the hole transport layer 12.

[0149] The organic compound in the passivation layer 12 can passivate metal ions such as trivalent nickel in the hole transport layer 12, thereby reducing grain boundary defects generated in the perovskite layer 14. At the same time, the organic compound in the passivation layer 12 has an energy level matching with the perovskite material and has excellent hydrophobicity, which can suppress the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light absorbing material, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0150] It should be noted that the components in the perovskite layer 14 may be understood to include perovskite materials commonly used in the art.

[0151] In some embodiments, the perovskite material has the formula ABX 3 Or A 2 CDX 6 where A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture of the two, and may be at least one of formamidine ion (FA), methylamine ion (MA) and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, and may be at least one of Pb ion and Sn ion; C is a noble metal cation, typically Ag+; D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, and may be a bismuth cation Bi 3+ , antimony cation Sb 3+ , and indium cation In 3+ and X is oxygen or a halogen element, and may be at least one of O, Br, and I.

[0152] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer 14 has a band gap between 1.20 eV and 2.30 eV and a thickness between 200 nm and 1000 nm.

[0153] With continued reference to FIG. 1, the solar cell 10 further includes a first electrode 11 , an electron transport layer 15 and a second electrode 17 .

[0154] Here, the first electrode 11 is located on the surface of the hole transport layer 12 remote from the passivation layer 13, the electron transport layer 15 is located on the surface of the perovskite layer 14 remote from the passivation layer 13, and the second electrode 17 is located on the surface of the electron transport layer 15 remote from the perovskite layer 14.

[0155] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 is a transparent conductive electrode, and the material of the first electrode 11 can be FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO.

[0156] In some embodiments, the components in the electron transport layer 15 can be electron transport materials commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and the like.

[0157] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode 17 may be any electrode material commonly used in the field, including but not limited to Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0158] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 1, the solar cell 10 further includes a buffer layer 16 , which is located between the electron transport layer 15 and the second electrode 17 .

[0159] The components of the buffer layer 16 may be the organic compounds described above or other buffer passivation materials known in the art.

[0160] According to an embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a power consuming device comprising a solar cell as described above.

[0161] The solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability, and can improve the efficiency and service life of power consuming devices.

[0162] In some embodiments, the solar cell may be used as a power source for a power consuming device or may be used as an energy storage element for a power consuming device.

[0163] Furthermore, the power consuming devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, and the like.

[0164] 2 shows an example power consuming device 20, such as a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

[0165] As another example, the power consuming device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop, etc. EXAMPLES

[0166] Example 1 (1) Providing compound A, which is [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0167] (1): Synthesis of 9-(2-bromoethyl)-9H-carbazole: 1.672 g of carbazole was dissolved in 25 mL of 1,2-dibromoethane and stirred to homogenize. Then, 0.5 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 3 mL of 50 wt% KOH aqueous solution were added, the temperature was raised to 50 °C, and the reaction was stopped after stirring for 72 h. The product was extracted with methylene chloride, and the organic phase was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 After drying at 37°C, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the crude product, which was then purified by column chromatography, with the mobile phase being a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:10.

[0168] (2): Synthesis of diethyl 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonate: 1g of 9-(2-bromoethyl)-9H-carbazole is dissolved in 15mL of triethyl phosphite, heated under reflux, and reacted for 24h. After the reaction, most of the organic solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The product is purified by column chromatography, and the mobile phase is a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4. 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)diethyl phosphonate is obtained, whose structure is as follows:

[0169] [ka]

[0170] (3): Synthesis of 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonic acid (compound A): 1g of diethyl 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonate is dissolved in 20mL of ethanol, 10mL of NaOH saturated solution is added, and the mixture is reacted at 60℃ for 24h. Then, hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to adjust the pH to acidic. After the reaction, the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, and then the mixture is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with saturated saline, and further dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The crude product is obtained by removing most of the solvent through concentration. The crude product is purified by column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane with a volume ratio of 1:4.

[0171] The obtained target product Compound A was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0172] 1HNMR: δ1.83(2H,s),δ2.83(2H,t,J=6.1Hz),4.24(2H,t,J=6.1Hz),7.13(2H,ddd,J=8 .0,7.6,2.3Hz),7.30(2H,ddd,J=8.0,7.6,1.6Hz),7.52(2H,ddt,J=8.0,2.3,0.5Hz), 7.68(2H,ddd,J=8.0,1.6,0.5Hz).

[0173] (2) Manufacturing of a solar cell, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0174] 1. Obtain 20 sheets of FTO conductive glass with a specification of 2.0*2.0cm, and remove 0.35cm of FTO on both ends by laser etching to expose the glass substrate.

[0175] 2. The etched FTO conductive glass is ultrasonically cleaned in water, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence.

[0176] 3. After cleaning, the FTO conductive glass is blown dry with a nitrogen gun to remove the solvent, and then placed in an ultraviolet ozone device for ultraviolet ozone cleaning treatment.

[0177] 4. After the UV / ozone cleaning treatment, the FTO substrate is spin-coated at a speed of 4000 rpm / s with a hole transport layer of 10 mg / mL nickel oxide nanoparticles (solvent is water), and then annealed on a hot plate at 100°C for 30 minutes.

[0178] 5. Dissolve the above compound A in methanol. After dissolving, obtain a self-organizing molecule solution with a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL. Spin-coat the self-organizing molecule on a nickel oxide substrate at 3000 rpm / s and dry it by vacuum drawing to form a passivation layer with a thickness of 1 nm.

[0179] 6. 223 mg of lead iodide PbI 2 80 mg of formamidine iodide (FAI) and 15 mg of methylammonium chloride (MACl) were weighed and dissolved in a mixed solution of 0.8 mL of DMF and 0.2 mL of DMSO, stirred for 3 h, and filtered through a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. The perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated on the passivation layer at 3000 rpm / s, annealed at 100°C for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to form a perovskite layer. The active material in the perovskite layer was CsFAMA system, and the thickness was 500 nm.

[0180] 7. Dissolve PCBM in chlorobenzene to form an electron transport material solution with a concentration of 20 mg / mL, spin coat the electron transport material solution on the perovskite layer at 1500 rpm / s, anneal at 100 °C for 10 min to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 50 nm, then spin coat the passivation material BCP solution (BCP is dissolved in isopropanol, the concentration is 0.5 mg / mL) at 5000 rpm / s to form a passivation layer with a thickness of 5 nm, then put into an evaporation apparatus to evaporate the metal electrode Ag, and obtain a battery device, designated as Battery 1.

[0181] (3) The performance of the obtained solar cell is tested. The specific steps are as follows:

[0182] The test is carried out using a solar light simulator with a light flame, referring to the national standard IEC61215, and the light intensity is corrected using a crystalline silicon solar cell to reach a solar radiation intensity of AM1.5. The cell is connected to a digital source meter, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is measured under light irradiation. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0183] Example 2 Example 2 is similar to Example 1, and the only difference is that in the fifth step of step (2), compound B (CAS: 13505-00-5) is used in preparing the passivation layer, and the structure is as follows: [ka] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0184] Example 3 Example 3 is similar to Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2), compound C is used to prepare the passivation layer, and the structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0185] (1) Mix 3.26g (20mmol) of 2-chloroethanesulfonyl chloride, 1.2g (20mmol) of isopropanol and 40ml of 1,2-dichloroethane in round-bottom flask 1, and lower the temperature to 0℃. Take another flask, weigh out 3.34g (20mmol) of carbazole, dissolve it in 20ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, and stir thoroughly until it is completely dissolved to obtain a carbazole solution. Add the carbazole solution dropwise to the round-bottom flask 1, and after the dropwise addition is completed, return the reaction temperature to room temperature and continue the reaction for 4h. After filtering, drying and concentrating, the crude product is purified by column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. The intermediate C-1 is obtained by purification, and its structure is as follows:

[0186] [ka]

[0187] (2) Take a round-bottom flask, dissolve intermediate C-1 in ethanol, take another vial, prepare saturated sodium hydroxide solution, add sodium hydroxide dropwise to product 1 until the solution becomes turbid, pH value is 11, adjust temperature to 60℃, continue hydrolysis reaction by stirring for 3h, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust pH value, when pH is adjusted to 2, stop dropping, remove ethanol in the system by rotary evaporation, add a small amount of water, extract with ethyl acetate, combine oil phase, dry and concentrate, purify crude product by column, mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4. Compound C is obtained by purification.

[0188] The obtained target product C was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0189] 1HNMR: δ2.53(1H,s),δ3.79(2H,t,J=6.5Hz),4.29(2H,t,J=6.5Hz),7.13(2H,ddd,J=8 .0,7.6,2.3Hz),7.30(2H,ddd,J=8.0,7.6,1.6Hz),7.53(2H,ddt,J=8.0,2.3,0.5Hz), 7.69(2H,ddd,J=8.0,1.6,0.5Hz).

[0190] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0191] Example 4 Example 4 is similar to Example 1, and the only difference is that in the fifth step of step (2), compound D is used in preparing the passivation layer, and the structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0192] (1) Take a clean and dry reaction flask, mix 7g of 3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-dithiophene (21.60 mmol), 1.23g of CuI (21.60 mmol), 2.29g of dimethylethylenediamine (25.92 mmol) and 10.45g of potassium carbonate (75.61 mmol) in a round-bottom flask, add 70mL of distilled toluene and 0.1mL of deionized water, flush the atmosphere in the reaction flask with nitrogen gas, then add 3.14g of benzamide (25.92mmol), and after the addition is complete, pump in and out with argon gas three times, seal and insert an argon gas balloon. After refluxing at 110°C for 48 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, mobile phase was a mixture of methylene chloride and petroleum ether in a volume ratio of 1:2) to obtain a white crystalline solid of 4H-dithienopyrrole, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] .

[0193] (2) 3.58g (20mmol) of 3-chloropropanesulfonyl chloride, 1.2g (20mmol) of isopropanol and 40ml of 1,2-dichloroethane are mixed in a round-bottom flask 1, and the temperature is lowered to 0°C. Take another flask, weigh out 20mmol of 4H-dithienopyrrole, dissolve it in 20ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, and stir thoroughly until it is completely dissolved to obtain a 4H-dithienopyrrole solution. Add the 4H-dithienopyrrole solution dropwise to the round-bottom flask 1, and after the dropwise addition is completed, return the reaction temperature to room temperature, and continue the reaction for 4h, then suction filter, dehydrate and dry the filtrate with magnesium sulfate, concentrate, and purify the crude product with a column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Purify to obtain 4H-dithienopyrrole propyl sulfonic acid isopropyl ester, the structure of which is as follows:

[0194] [ka]

[0195] (3) Take a round-bottom flask, dissolve 4H-dithienopyrrole propyl sulfonic acid isopropyl ester in ethanol, take another vial, prepare saturated sodium hydroxide solution, add sodium hydroxide dropwise to product 1 until the solution becomes turbid, make the pH value 11, adjust the temperature to 60℃, continue the hydrolysis reaction by stirring for 3h, then add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH value, when the pH of the system becomes 2, stop adding hydrochloric acid dropwise, remove the ethanol in the system by rotary evaporation, add a small amount of water, extract with ethyl acetate, combine the oil phase, dry and concentrate the product, and purify the crude product by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Compound D is obtained by purification.

[0196] The obtained target product D was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0197] 1HNMR: δ1.85(1H,s),δ2.09(2H,tt,J=6.7,6.3Hz),3.48(2H,t,J=6.7Hz),3.95(2H,t,J=6.3Hz),7.08(2H,d,J=6.4Hz),7.58(2H,d,J=6.4Hz).

[0198] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0199] Example 5 Example 5 is similar to Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2), compound F is used to prepare the passivation layer, and the structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0200] (1) Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, add 60ml of diethyl phosphite (0.35mol) into the round-bottom flask, then add 3.5g of 1-bromo-4-(2-bromoethyl)benzene (13.2mmol), and heat the mixture to reflux for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is dried and concentrated, and the crude product is purified by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4. By purification, intermediate F-1 (diethyl [2-(4-bromobenzene)ethyl]phosphonate) is obtained, the structure of which is as follows:

[0201] [ka] .

[0202] (2) Take a clean and dry reaction flask and add 9.6 g of intermediate F-1 (29 mmol), 4.9 g of diphenylamine (29 mmol), and 0.5 g of Pd 2 (dba) 3(0.58mmol), 2.316mL tri-tert-butylphosphine (2.32mmol) and 18.86g cesium carbonate (58mmol) were mixed in a reaction flask, 100mL toluene was added, and the reaction flask was gassed three times through a Schlenk line, sealed and an argon balloon was inserted, and reacted at 110°C for 8h, and cooled to room temperature after the reaction, filtered, the filtrate was dehydrated and dried, the mixture was concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column, and the mobile phase was a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Intermediate F-2 was obtained by purification, and its structure is as follows:

[0203] [ka]

[0204] (3) Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, add intermediate F-2 to the round-bottom flask, and maintain argon gas atmosphere, then add 50mL of 1,4-dioxane and dropwise add 3.46mL of bromotrimethylsilane (26mmol), and react under argon gas atmosphere at 25℃ for 22 hours with stirring. After the reaction is completed, add methanol (3ml) and continue stirring for 3h, add distilled water (10ml) dropwise until the solution becomes opaque, and stir overnight, then filter the solid product, wash the solid product with water, and further dissolve the solid product in tetrahydrofuran until it is completely dissolved, and add n-hexane until no precipitate is precipitated. Filter the solid product and wash with n-hexane to obtain compound F.

[0205] The obtained target product F was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0206] 1HNMR:δ1.95(2H,s),δ2.52(2H,t,J=6.3Hz),2.90(2H,t,J=6.3Hz), 6.40 (2H, ddd, J = 8.2, 1.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.00-7.36 (12H, 7.06 (tt, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz), 7.14 (dtd, J = 8.2, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.17 (ddd, J = 8.2, 1.6, 0.5 Hz), 7.29 (dddd, J = 8.2, 7.8, 1.5, 0.5 Hz)).

[0207] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0208] Example 6 Example 6 is similar to Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2), compound G is used to prepare the passivation layer, and the structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0209] (1) Synthesis of diethyl [2-(4-bromobenzene)ethyl]phosphonate: the same as step (1) of Example 6.

[0210] (2) Take a clean, dry reaction flask and add 9.5 g of diethyl [2-(4-bromobenzene)ethyl]phosphonate (29 mmol), carbazole (29 mmol), 0.5 g of Pd 2 (dba) 3(0.58mmol), 2.316mL of tri-tert-butylphosphine (2.32mmol) and 18.86g of cesium carbonate (58mmol) were mixed in a reaction flask, 100mL of toluene was added, and the reaction flask was gassed three times through a Schlenk line, sealed and an argon balloon was inserted, and reacted at 110°C for 8h. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was dehydrated and dried, and concentrated to obtain a mixture. The crude product was purified by column, and the mobile phase was a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Intermediate G-1 was obtained by purification, and its structure is as follows:

[0211] [ka]

[0212] (3) Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, add intermediate G-1 into the round-bottom flask, and maintain an argon gas atmosphere. Add 50mL of 1,4-dioxane and dropwise add 3.46mL of bromotrimethylsilane (26mmol), and react under argon gas atmosphere at 25°C for 22 hours with stirring. After the reaction is completed, add methanol (3ml) and continue stirring for 3h. Drop distilled water (10ml) until the solution becomes opaque. After stirring overnight, filter the solid product, wash the solid product with water, and further dissolve the solid product in tetrahydrofuran until it is completely dissolved, and add n-hexane until no precipitate is precipitated. Filter the solid product and wash it with n-hexane to obtain compound G.

[0213] The obtained target product G was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0214] 1HNMR: δ1.83(2H,s),δ2.75(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.02(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),7.32-7.48(4H,7. 39(ddd,J=8.0,6.2,1.5Hz),7.41(ddd,J=8.4,6.2,2.6Hz)),7.57(2H,ddd,J=8.2,1.6, 0.4 Hz),7.71-7.90(6H,7.77(ddd, J = 8.2, 1.5,0.4Hz),7.82(ddd,J=8.4,1.5, 0.5 Hz), 7.83 (ddt, J = 8.0, 2.6, 0.5 Hz)).

[0215] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0216] Example 7 Example 7 is similar to Example 1, except that compound H is used in the fifth step of step (2) to prepare the passivation layer; [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0217] Take a clean, dry round-bottom flask and add 30 g of (9H-fluoren-9-yl)chloromethane (0.140 mol), 300 mL of acetone, and saturated Na 2 SO 3 Add aqueous solution (300ml) and set up a reflux condenser. Stir the mixture at 90°C for 8 hours, then cool to ambient temperature and dry under vacuum at 30°C to remove acetone. Then add 100mL 6M hydrochloric acid solution under ice bath condition until the pH value of the solution is about 1, at which time a white solid precipitates and is separated by filtration. Wash the solid repeatedly with diethyl ether and dry under vacuum at 40°C to obtain compound H.

[0218] The obtained target product H was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0219] 1HNMR:δ2.35(1H,s),δ3.98 (2H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 4.91 (1H, t, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.29-7.43 (4H, 7.36 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 1.4 Hz), 7.36 (ddd, J = 7.6, 6.9, 1.1 Hz)), 7.66 (2H, ddd, J = 7.6, 1.4, 0.5 Hz), 7.83 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 1.1, 0.5 Hz).

[0220] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0221] Example 8 Example 8 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2) the passivation layer is prepared by using compound J, whose structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0222] (1) Take a clean and dry reaction flask, add 2.94g potassium carbonate (21.3 mmol), 1g tert-butyl carbamate (8.53 mmol), 2.08g 2,3-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene (7.11 mmol) and 30ml toluene solution. Under nitrogen gas current, add 0.25g N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (2.13 mmol) and 1.35g copper iodide (7.11 mmol), and stir at 125°C for 12 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture, suction filter, dry the filtrate with magnesium sulfate, and further concentrate. Purify the crude product by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:6. Purification gives intermediate J-1, whose structure is as follows:

[0223] [ka]

[0224] (2) 3.58g (20mmol) of 2-chloroethanesulfonyl chloride, 1.2g (20mmol) of isopropanol and 40ml of 1,3-dichloropropane are mixed in round-bottom flask 1, and the temperature is lowered to 0°C. Take another flask, weigh out 5.59g (20mmol) of intermediate J-1, dissolve it in 20ml of 1,3-dichloropropane, and stir thoroughly until it is completely dissolved to obtain a solution of intermediate 1. Add the solution of intermediate 1 dropwise into round-bottom flask 1, and after the dropwise addition is completed, return the reaction temperature to room temperature and continue the reaction for 4h. After filtering, drying and concentrating, the crude product is purified by column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. By purifying, intermediate J-2 is obtained, the structure of which is as follows:

[0225] [ka]

[0226] (3) Take a round-bottom flask, dissolve intermediate 2 in ethanol, take another vial, prepare saturated sodium hydroxide solution, add sodium hydroxide dropwise to product 1 until the solution becomes turbid, the pH value is 11, adjust the temperature to 60°C, stir for 3h to continue the hydrolysis reaction, and obtain the hydrolysis product (including the compound with the following structure):

[0227] [ka]

[0228] Add hydrochloric acid dropwise to the hydrolysis product to adjust the pH value. When the pH is adjusted to 2, stop dropping, remove the ethanol in the system by rotary evaporation, add a small amount of water, extract with ethyl acetate, combine the oil phase, dry and concentrate the product, and purify the crude product by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4. Compound J is obtained by purification.

[0229] The obtained target product J was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0230] 1H NMR: δ 1.83 (1H, s), δ 2.39 (2H, tt, J = 6.4, 6.3 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 4.49 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.25 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 7.7, 1.2 Hz), 7.44 (2H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.7, 1.5 Hz), 8.01-8.18 (4H, 8.08 (ddd, J = 7.8, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 8.11 (ddd, J = 8.5, 1.5, 0.5 Hz)).

[0231] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0232] Example 9 Example 9 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2) the passivation layer is prepared by using compound K, whose structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0233] (1) N3,N3,N6,N6-Tetraphenyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine (CAS No. 608527-58-8, 20 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of 1,2-dibromoethane and stirred to mix uniformly. Then, 5 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 30 mL of 50 wt% KOH aqueous solution were added, the temperature was raised to 50 °C, and the reaction was stopped after stirring for 72 h. The product was extracted with methylene chloride, and the organic phase was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 After drying at 40° C., the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the crude product, which was then purified by column chromatography, the mobile phase was a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain intermediate K-1, the structure of which is as follows:

[0234] [ka]

[0235] (2) Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, add 60ml of diethyl phosphite (0.35mol) to the round-bottom flask, dissolve 8.05g of intermediate K-1 in triethyl phosphite, and heat the mixture to reflux for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is dried and concentrated, and the crude product is purified by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:2. By purification, intermediate K-2 is obtained, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] .

[0236] (3) Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, transfer intermediate K-2 into the round-bottom flask, and maintain an argon gas atmosphere; add 50mL of 1,4-dioxane and dropwise add 3.46mL of bromotrimethylsilane (26mmol); stir and react under argon gas atmosphere at 25°C for 22 hours; add methanol (3ml) and continue stirring for 3h; add distilled water (10ml) dropwise until the solution becomes opaque; stir overnight; filter the solid product, wash with water; dissolve the solid product in tetrahydrofuran until it is completely dissolved; add n-hexane until no precipitate is precipitated; filter the precipitate and wash with n-hexane to obtain compound K.

[0237] The obtained target product K was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0238] 1HNMR: δ 1.96 (2H, s),δ 2.72 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.41 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 6.70 (2H, dd, J = 8.3, 1.8 Hz), 6.84 (8H, dtd, J = 8.2, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.03 (4H, tt, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz), 7.29 (8H, dddd, J = 8.2, 7.8, 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 7.49 (2H, dd, J = 8.3, 0.4 Hz), 7.63 (2H, dt, J = 1.8, 0.5 Hz).

[0239] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0240] Example 10 Example 10 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2) the passivation layer is prepared by using compound L, whose structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0241] Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, add 5.5g of compound A (20mmol) and dissolve in 20mL of absolute ethanol, further dissolve 0.8g of sodium hydroxide (20mmol) in 20mL of water to obtain sodium hydroxide solution, add the sodium hydroxide solution dropwise to 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonic acid, remove ethanol by rotary evaporation, add water and ethyl acetate, remove the oil phase, add ethanol to the aqueous phase, and after concentrating and removing the solvent, dry under vacuum at 60℃ to obtain the product compound L.

[0242] The obtained target product L was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0243] 1HNMR: δ 1.85 (1H, s), δ 2.36-2.48 (2H, 2.42 (t, J = 6.1 Hz), 2.42 (t, J = 6.1 Hz)), 4.15-4.27 (2H, 4.21 (t, J = 6.1 Hz), 4.21 (t, J = 6.1 Hz)), 7.13 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.30 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 1.6 Hz), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 2.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.68 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0244] Example 11 Example 11 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2) the passivation layer is prepared by using compound M, whose structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0245] (1): This is the same as step (1) in Example 1, except that 1,2-dibromoethane in Example 1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,3-dibromopropane.

[0246] Steps (2) and (3) refer to steps (2) and (3) in the first embodiment.

[0247] The obtained target product M was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0248] 1HNMR: δ1.83(2H,s), δ 2.09 (2H, tt, J = 7.4, 6.3 Hz), 2.61 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.39 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.13 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.30 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 1.6 Hz), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 2.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.68 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0249] Example 12 Example 12 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2) the passivation layer is prepared using compound N, whose structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0250] (1): This is the same as step (1) in Example 1, except that 1,2-dibromoethane in Example 1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,6-dibromohexane.

[0251] Steps (2) and (3) refer to steps (2) and (3) in the first embodiment.

[0252] The obtained target product N was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0253] 1HNMR:δ 1.77 (2H, s),δ 1.18-1.37 (4H, 1.24 (tt, J = 7.7, 7.2 Hz), 1.30 (tt, J = 7.2, 6.5 Hz)), 1.73 (2H, tt, J = 7.7, 7.4 Hz), 2.06 (2H, tt, J = 6.5, 6.3 Hz), 2.56 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.44 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.17-7.31 (4H, 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.6 Hz)), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 7.74 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0254] Example 13 Example 13 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that in the fifth step of step (2) the passivation layer is prepared using compound P, whose structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0255] (1): The same as step (1) in Example 1, except that 1,2-dibromoethane in Example 1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,8-dibromooctane.

[0256] Steps (2) and (3) refer to steps (2) and (3) in the first embodiment.

[0257] The obtained target product P was subjected to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0258] 1H NMR: δ 1.75 (2H, s),δ1.18-1.37 (8H, 1.25 (tt, J = 7.1, 6.9 Hz), 1.26 (tt, J = 6.9, 6.5 Hz), 1.25 (quint, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.30 (tt, J = 6.6, 6.5 Hz)), 1.73 (2H, tt, J = 7.4, 7.1 Hz), 2.06 (2H, tt, J = 6.6, 6.3 Hz), 2.62 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.44 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.17-7.31 (4H, 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.6 Hz)), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 7.74 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0259] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are substantially the same, except that the structure of the compound used in producing the passivation layer in the fifth step of step (2) is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0260] (1) Synthesis of N-bromocarbazole: refer to patent CN100368399, and the description is omitted here.

[0261] (2): Synthesis of diethyl 9H-carbazol-9-ylphosphonate: 4.9g of N-bromocarbazole (20mml) was dissolved in 15mL of diethyl phosphite (87.5mmol), heated to reflux and reacted for 24h. After the reaction, most of the organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the product was purified by column chromatography. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4. The intermediate with the following structure was obtained: [ka] .

[0262] (3) The intermediate obtained in (2) is dissolved in 20mL of ethanol, NaOH saturated solution is added, pH value is adjusted to 11, and reacted at 60℃ for 24h, then hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to adjust pH to 2, after the reaction, the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, then it is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with saturated saline, further dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to remove most of the solvent to obtain a crude product, which is purified by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4, and the target compound is obtained. The target product obtained is subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test, and the data are as follows:

[0263] 1HNMR: δ 2.65 (2H, s),7.31-7.50 (4H,7.38 (ddd, J= 8.5, 6.9, 1.5 Hz), 7.43 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 1.4 Hz)), 7.57 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 1.5, 0.5 Hz), 7.84 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 1.4, 0.5 Hz).

[0264] The other steps are the same as in Example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0265] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 are substantially the same, with the only difference being that the self-assembling compound used in producing the passivation layer is pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate.

[0266] Other steps are the same as in Example 1, and specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0267] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 are substantially the same, except that the fifth step in step (2) is omitted, that is, the perovskite layer is directly produced on the nickel oxide substrate.

[0268] Other steps are the same as in Example 1, and specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0269] Comparative Example 4 Example 4 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that polystyrene is used in manufacturing the passivation layer in the fifth step of step (2).

[0270] Other steps are the same as in Example 1, and specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0271] [Table 1]

[0272] The final point to be explained is as follows: The above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the same. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand the following: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or to substitute some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents, and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the substance of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and all of them should be included in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural contradiction. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in this specification, and includes all technical solutions included in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0273] 10. Solar Cells 11 1st electrode 12 Hole transport layer 13 Passivation Layer 14 Perovskite layer 15 Electron transport layer 16 Buffer layer 17 Second electrode 20 Power consumption equipment

Claims

1. A compound represented by formula (1), 【Chemistry 1】 In this case, Ar is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and an aromatic amine represented by formula (A): 【Chemistry 2】 L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R １ is an oxo acid group, Ar １ ~Ar ３ are each independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; and Ar １ ~Ar ３ at least one of the groups is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; n １ is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, Or, an organic compound which is an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (1).

2. 2. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

3. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein the chain alkylene group is a linear alkylene group.

4. R １ is independently selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boronic acid group, and a silicic acid group.

5. R １ is independently selected from any one of the following structures for each occurrence: 【Chemistry 3】 The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that * indicates a binding site.

6. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heteroatom in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms is selected from at least one of N, O and S.

7. Ar is selected from any one of formulas (A) to (C): 【Chemistry 4】 Here, X １ , X ２ are each independently a single bond, C(R ４ R ５ ), O, S, N, NR ４ , C═O or S═O, and X １ and X ２ is not a single bond at the same time, Y １ , Y ２ and Y ３ are each independently C(R ４ R ５ ), O, S, N, NR ４ , C═O or S═O; R ２ ~R ５ Each occurrence of represents independently H, D, a halogen group, or -N(R ６ ) ２ , -CONR ６ , -OCOR ６ a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; R ６ is independently selected from each occurrence of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefinic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; Ar ４ and Ar ５ are each independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms; n ２ and n ３ The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the is independently selected from an integer of 1 to 4, and * indicates a bonding site.

8. X １ , X ２ are each independently a single bond, C(R ４ R ５ ), O, S, N, NR ４ and X is selected from any one of １ and X ２ is not a single bond at the same time, Y １ , Y ２ and Y ３ are each independently C(R ４ R ５ 8. The organic compound according to claim 7, characterized in that it is selected from any one of the following: O, S, and N.

9. R ２ ~R ５ Each occurrence of represents independently H, D, a halogen group, an amino group, or -CONR ６ , -OCOR ６ an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen or a carboxylic acid group, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, or a halogen-substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms; R ６ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefinic group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms.

10. N.R. ４ R in ４ is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or any one of the following structures: 【Chemistry 5】 Y ４ Each occurrence of is independently CR ９ or N, and Y in the same structural formula is ４ is not N at the same time, Y ５ Each occurrence of is independently CR ９ R １０ Or NR ９ is selected from R ９ ~R １０ is independently selected from each occurrence of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; *NR ４ 8. The organic compound according to claim 7, characterized in that it exhibits a bonding site with N in the formula:

11. Ar ４ and Ar ５ are each independently selected from H and any one of the following structures: 【Chemistry 6】 Here, Y ６ is CR ７ R ８ , O, S, S=O, C=O; X ３ Each occurrence of is independently CR ７ or N, and X in the same structural formula is ３ is not N at the same time, R ７ and R ８ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

12. Ar is 【Chemistry 7-1】 【Chemistry 7-2】 8. The organic compound according to claim 7, characterized in that it is selected from any one of the structures:

13. The oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) contains an anion and a cation, and the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group of the oxoacid group in the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is a metal ion or NH ４ ＋ 4. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of

14. Use of an organic compound as a metal deactivator, the organic compound being represented by formula (2): 【Chemistry 8】 Here, Ar ０ is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R １ is an oxo acid group, n １ is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, Or, the use of an organic compound as a metal deactivator, which is an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2).

15. Use of an organic compound in the manufacture of a passivation film, the organic compound being a compound represented by formula (2): 【Chemistry 9】 Here, Ar ０ is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R １ is an oxo acid group, n １ is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, Or, use of an organic compound which is an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2) in the production of a passivation film.

16. The composition contains an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2) as a component, 【Chemistry 10】 Here, Ar ０ is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R １ is an oxo acid group, n １ is selected from any integer of 1 to 3.

17. Providing a substrate; A step of mixing the organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or the oxo acid salt of the compound represented by formula (2) with a solvent to produce a mixed solution; and applying the mixed solution to the surface of the substrate and drying the mixed solution to obtain a passivation film.

18. The present invention includes a hole transport layer and a passivation layer which are laminated together, the hole transport layer including a metal oxide as a component, and the passivation layer including an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (2), 【Chemistry 11】 Here, Ar ０ is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms; L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R １ is an oxo acid group, n １ is selected from any integer of 1 to 3.

19. and / or a perovskite layer located on a surface of the passivation layer remote from the hole transport layer.

20. The solar cell according to claim 18, wherein the component of the hole transport layer includes at least one of nickel oxide and zinc oxide.

20. The solar cell according to any one of claims 18 to 19, wherein the passivation layer has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 10 nm.

21. A power consuming device comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 18 to 20.

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