Decontamination robot and decontamination method

Abstract

Cleaning and decontamination systems. More specifically, aspects of the invention relate to devices, systems, and methods for cleaning and / or decontaminating spaces by robotic means. In one aspect, the invention provides a decontamination robot that can be conveniently deployed at target spaces, including public transportation, and can maneuver through small and confined spaces to effectively and efficiently decontaminate these spaces. In another aspect, the invention provides a misting system capable of producing droplets at least 40 microns in size and substantially the same size. In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method for decontaminating enclosed spaces, such as railroad system or aircraft spaces, or enclosed rooms, using droplets of a decontamination composition.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Provisional Application No. 63 / 296,433, filed January 4, 2022, and Provisional Application No. 63 / 307,123, filed February 6, 2022, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein.

[0002] FIELD OF THEINVENTION The present invention relates generally to decontamination systems and methods, and more particularly to a decontamination mobile robot that may be conveniently deployed to clean, decontaminate, and sterilize public spaces, for example, in aircraft cabins and mass transit systems, such as railroad systems, etc. In particular, aspects of the present invention relate to systems and methods for controlling the mobile robot in cleaning, decontaminating, and sterilizing public spaces. [Background technology]

[0003] background Millions of people use public transport every day. It is therefore very important to keep public transport public spaces clean. Public transport service providers usually carry out one major cleaning at intervals and several smaller cleanings per day. Cleaning, which generally means removing visible foreign objects such as dirt, dust, and debris from surfaces or objects, is usually performed manually, and the cleaning equipment used (e.g., vacuum cleaners, mops, and manual vacuum cleaners) is mainly dedicated to removing only visible foreign objects (e.g., dust and debris).

[0004] Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, public trust in public transportation has declined significantly due to hygiene concerns, and governments are concerned that public transportation may increase the spread of COVID-19 or other viruses in the community.

[0005] The issue of infection risk during air travel is of particular concern: because passengers are typically packed into the enclosed space of an aircraft cabin, and because flight times are significantly longer than the duration of a typical train or bus ride, which can be up to 15 hours or longer, the rate or risk of virus transmission on flights is presumed to be higher than the rate or risk of virus transmission via other forms of public transport (e.g., trains and buses).

[0006] With this in mind, public transport service providers have begun decontaminating public areas with the aim of reducing the risk of the spread of the disease on public transport.

[0007] At the time of the present invention, decontamination operations in public transportation are largely performed manually. Manual decontamination has several disadvantages, such as inconsistent degree of decontamination, excessive use of decontamination agents, increased exposure of cleaners to pathogens and thus increased risk of infection for cleaners and the community, increased amount of waste due to the use of disposable protective equipment for cleaners, increased time, cost, and employee injuries, and ineffective decontamination in areas that are difficult for humans to reach.

[0008] Robotic cleaning and / or decontamination systems have been developed as an alternative or complement to manual cleaning and / or decontamination. Robotic approaches offer many benefits over traditional manual approaches, including, but not limited to, increased consistency and reliability, reduced risk of infection, reduced waste volume, and reduced time, cost, labor demands, and even employee injuries. As a result, companies that use robotic systems to perform cleaning and / or decontamination will have increased Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings compared to companies that use traditional manual techniques.

[0009] The cleaning and / or decontamination robot may be deployed in various locations indoors or outdoors. However, some of these locations may be narrow and small, and some of these locations may have many obstacles. Furthermore, different locations may have different flooring materials (e.g., carpet, plastic, wood, metal, stone, etc.), and some locations may have non-flat or sloping surfaces. For example, the interior of a train may include various flooring materials and non-flat surfaces. As yet another example, an aircraft cabin is very cramped and narrow. In order to fully automate the cleaning and / or decontamination of a location by using a cleaning and / or decontamination robot, the robot needs to be versatile enough to navigate through various environments.

[0010] However, existing cleaning and / or decontamination robots are typically heavy or bulky and cannot be deployed at sites having limited space or without a lifting machine or significant manual assistance.

[0011] Furthermore, existing decontamination robots that apply decontamination agents by jetting or wet fogging can take 4-6 hours to complete the decontamination process and to allow the decontamination agent droplets to settle or drain to a certain safe level before the area can be reopened to allow entry. For mass transit, if the mass transit has a tight schedule with limited time between boarding and boarding, the available time for cleaning and decontamination can be very short. This is especially true for aircraft that need to depart immediately after arriving at the airport and be prepared for the next flight.

[0012] In view of the above background, it would be desirable to have a mobile robot that can be conveniently deployed to clean, decontaminate, and sterilize a variety of locations, including public spaces in mass transportation such as aircraft cabins and railroad systems, and to reduce the traditional turnaround time for decontamination to meet demand. Further, it would be desirable to have a decontamination method that effectively and efficiently decontaminates enclosed spaces to combat infection. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] Abstract Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for cleaning and / or decontamination of spaces by robotic means.

[0014] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a cleaning and decontamination mobile robotic system to improve consistency and reliability of cleaning and decontamination.

[0015] Yet another aspect of the present invention is to reduce the time and cost of cleaning and decontamination to help restore public confidence in public transportation. Frequent cleaning and decontamination of areas associated with public transportation is a key element in re-establishing public confidence in public transportation.

[0016] Prior to the present invention, there are no automated decontamination robots that are slim and small enough to maneuver through narrow train and airplane cabins, yet carry high payloads and perform decontamination effectively and efficiently. The present invention provides a robot that can be conveniently deployed on public transportation, can maneuver through small and confined spaces such as train and airplane cabins, and performs cleaning and decontamination effectively and efficiently.

[0017] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a robot with a small footprint, precise control, and high reliability for effective and efficient decontamination. The robot of the present invention is lightweight and small, and can be maneuvered through small and narrow spaces. In some embodiments, the width of the robot of the present invention ranges from about 32 centimeters (cm) to about 34 cm. In some embodiments, the weight of the robot of the present invention ranges from 10 kilograms (kg) to 15 kg without decontamination agent and batteries.

[0018] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a robot that applies decontamination agent to an environment with high coverage and adjustable spray rate. Yet another aspect of the present invention is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of decontamination of a space, resulting in a space that is fully decontaminated but can be quickly and safely reopened for entry.

[0019] An aspect of the present invention is to provide an atomization system capable of producing fine droplets (i.e., small particle size liquid) for spraying or atomization, including cryo- and thermal fogging. In some embodiments, the atomization system of the present invention achieves atomization from a variety of mechanical means, including but not limited to ultrasonic and electrostatic processes. In one embodiment, the atomization system of the present invention produces fine droplets with a particle size ranging from about 2 microns to about 40 microns, preferably from about 2 microns to about 10 microns. In yet another embodiment, the droplets produced by the atomization system of the present invention are substantially uniform in size, with at least 95% of the droplet population having substantially the same particle size.

[0020] Thus, an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, can be a cleaning and decontamination robot that can be conveniently deployed on public transportation to perform cleaning and decontamination quickly and thoroughly, decontaminating the public transportation and making it safe to reopen and remain in place shortly after completion of the decontamination process. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a robotic system and method of operation for cleaning and decontaminating a space.

[0021] Another aspect of the invention provides a method for decontaminating an enclosed space or room, such as a space in a railroad system or an aircraft. By providing multiple droplets of a decontamination composition to the enclosed space and allowing the air and / or surfaces within the space to contact an effective concentration of the decontamination composition for an effective period of time, the level of microorganisms in the air and / or on the surfaces within the space can be satisfactorily reduced.

[0022] In summary, the robots, systems, and methods according to various embodiments of the present invention improve the decontamination of spaces in general, and specifically enable the decontamination of public transportation in a convenient, effective, efficient, and safe manner, resulting in benefits for the public, passengers, and workers alike.

[0023] Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are shown for simplicity and clarity, and not all connections and options are shown. For example, common but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in commercially viable embodiments may often not be depicted in order to make the drawings of these various embodiments of the present disclosure less distracting. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that while certain actions and / or steps may be described or depicted in a particular sequence of occurrence, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these particularities in sequence are not actually required. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the terms and expressions used herein may be defined in the context of their corresponding individual fields of inquiry and research, unless a specific meaning is otherwise described herein. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a decontamination mobile robot with specific modules according to one embodiment.

[0026] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a decontamination mobile robot according to another embodiment.

[0027] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a decontamination mobile robot having locking means according to one embodiment.

[0028] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a decontamination mobile robot with different modules according to one embodiment.

[0029] [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spraying system for a decontamination mobile robot according to one embodiment.

[0030] [Figure 6]Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the metro, where eleven cross sections (cross sections 1 to 11) are treated and monitored during the decontamination process.

[0031] [Figure 7A] 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of an aircraft cabin that may be decontaminated by the present invention, according to one embodiment. [Figure 7B] 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of an aircraft cabin that may be decontaminated by the present invention, according to one embodiment. [Figure 7C] 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of an aircraft cabin that may be decontaminated by the present invention, according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a floor plan of an enclosed room, approximately 200 square feet and 8 feet tall, to be decontaminated by a fixed decontamination robot, according to one embodiment.

[0032] [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a floor plan of an enclosed room, approximately 320 square feet and 9 feet tall, to be decontaminated by a fixed decontamination robot, according to one embodiment.

[0033] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a floor plan of an enclosed room, approximately 320 square feet and 498 cm tall, that will be decontaminated by an automated decontamination robot according to one embodiment.

[0034] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a compartment having an electrostatic atomizer according to one embodiment.

[0035] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating eleven locations on a train selected for surface cleanliness testing to evaluate decontamination, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] [Figure 13]FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating locations on an aircraft cabin for surface cleanliness testing to evaluate decontamination, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] [Figure 14] FIG. 14 illustrates a floor plan of an enclosed room of approximately 330 square feet and 300 cm height to be decontaminated by an automated decontamination robot according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0038] Detailed Description The embodiments may now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, showing by way of illustration certain exemplary embodiments that may be practiced. These descriptions and exemplary embodiments may be presented with the understanding that the present disclosure may be an illustration of the principles of one or more embodiments, and may not be intended to limit any one of the embodiments shown. The embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure may be thorough and complete, and may fully convey the scope of the embodiments to those skilled in the art. Among other things, the present invention may be embodied as a method, a system, a computer-readable medium, an apparatus, or a device. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Thus, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0039] Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for cleaning and / or decontamination of spaces by robotic means.

[0040] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a cleaning and decontamination mobile robotic system for improving the consistency and reliability of cleaning and decontamination, and for reducing the time and cost of cleaning and decontamination.

[0041] Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a mobile robot that can be conveniently deployed on public transportation, can maneuver through small and confined spaces such as train and airplane cabins, and performs cleaning and decontamination effectively and efficiently.

[0042] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an atomization system capable of producing fine droplets (ie, small particle size liquid) for spraying or spraying.

[0043] In another aspect, the present invention provides a robotic system for cleaning and decontamination of a space and a method of operation thereof.

[0044] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for decontaminating an enclosed space using droplets of a decontamination composition. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing the level of a target microorganism in an enclosed space using droplets of a decontamination composition.

[0045] Decontamination robot

[0046] The present invention provides a robot with a small footprint, precise control, and high reliability for effective and efficient decontamination. The robot of the present invention is lightweight, small, and capable of being maneuvered through small and tight spaces.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 1, a first embodiment of an automated cleaning and decontamination robot 10 includes at least one fluid storage device 12 configured to hold Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and / or any other suitable decontaminant ("Disinfectant"), at least one wheel 14, at least one obstacle sensor 16 mounted on the front or side of the robot 10 configured to detect any obstacles in the path of the robot 10 as the robot 10 moves, at least one decontaminant sensor 18 configured to obtain a concentration of the dispensed decontaminant within an area and / or volume, a cleaning module 20 configured to remove visible foreign matter from a surface, and an airborne microorganism detection module 22 configured to detect and detect airborne microorganisms (airborne microorganisms) within the area and / or volume. and a decontamination module 22 configured to apply a decontamination agent to kill germs and / or bacteria on the surface, and a computer system 24 configured to receive signals from the sensors 16, 18, to control the decontamination module 22 based on the signal received from the decontamination sensor 18, and to steer movement through a predetermined area while avoiding obstacles based on a signal from the obstacle sensor 16.

[0048] There are many factors that affect biocidal efficacy, such as the material to be decontaminated, temperature, humidity, and pressure. The computer system 24 of the present invention can use machine learning to optimize the biocidal efficacy and amount of decontamination agent used based on ambient factors to avoid overuse of the decontamination agent. Optimizing the decontamination agent can reduce contamination and the associated risks to the public.

[0049] In some embodiments, an adherence chemical (eg, a polymer) can be added to the decontamination agent to allow the decontamination agent to remain on the surface longer.

[0050] In some embodiments, the robot 10 can include any rechargeable battery, and in some embodiments, the robot 10 can include a lithium battery.

[0051] In some embodiments, the robot 10 can include at least one motor configured to drive the wheels 14 .

[0052] In some embodiments, the obstacle sensors 16 may be mid-range scanners, providing the robot 10 with a 360 degree field of view of at least 5m. In some embodiments, the scanners may be light sourced (e.g., laser) or audio based (e.g., sonar). In some embodiments, the obstacle sensors 16 may be cameras and / or sonar transducers.

[0053] 2, the robot of the present invention has an elongated body that allows the robot to be deployed in and maneuvered through narrow spaces, such as the aisles of an aircraft cabin. In some embodiments, the width of the robot of the present invention is 34 cm or less, and preferably ranges from about 32 cm to about 34 cm.

[0054] In some embodiments, the weight of the robot of the present invention is less than 20 kg without decontamination agent and batteries, and preferably less than 10 kg without decontamination agent and batteries. In one embodiment, the weight of the robot without decontamination agent and batteries is in the range of about 10 kg to about 15 kg.

[0055] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention comprises at least two wheels, where one wheel of the two wheels is disposed on one side of the chassis and the remaining wheel is disposed on the opposite side of the chassis. In some other embodiments, the robot of the present invention comprises at least four wheels, where two of the wheels are disposed on one side of the chassis and the remaining two wheels are disposed on the opposite side of the chassis. In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention further comprises one or more motors (or equivalent electronic components) configured to drive one or more wheels of the robot.

[0056] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention can maneuver around narrow paths, turn 360 degrees on the spot (i.e., skid steering), and / or maneuver around tight corners (90 degrees). In some other embodiments, the robot can climb a 15 degree incline.

[0057] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention connects and combines two independent two-wheel drive systems to form a four-wheel drive system, where the wheels of the two independent two-wheel drive systems can be of equal or different diameters and configurations.

[0058] In some embodiments, the chassis of the robot of the present invention is made of at least one metal material, at least one plastic material, or a combination thereof. Examples of metal materials include metals and alloys, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, brass, stainless steel, titanium, and steel. Examples of plastic materials include but are not limited to plastic materials within the UL94 Flame Classification (Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing) rating V0, and other plastic materials that meet industry standards.

[0059] The navigation or movement of a robot of the present invention can be operated manually (eg, via a handle) or under a navigation system (eg, via a motor and computer system).

[0060] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention further comprises a handle, through which a user can manually push, pull, or tow the robot. In one embodiment, the handle is a foldable telescope handle. In one embodiment, after the user moves the robot to a desired location in the space, the user can leave the space and the robot will automatically perform the decontamination process.

[0061] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention is an autonomous decontamination mobile robot, where the robot navigates under an automated navigation system and performs decontamination automatically.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 3, the robot 20 of the present invention may further comprise a handle (22) and one or more locking means (26a, 26b, 26c, and 26d) configured to mate with one or more complementary components on the strap to allow a user to carry the robot on his / her shoulder. In one embodiment, the handle 22 may allow the robot 20 to be operated in a manual mode. The robot 20 may further provide a display (not shown) on an exterior surface of the robot 20 for displaying various statuses or information of the robot 20. For example, the status or information may include battery level, decontamination level, or decontamination plan, etc. In another embodiment, the robot 20 may include one or more modules, which may be side panels or doors 28 for housing various modules to further enhance the capabilities of the robot 20.

[0063] The locking means and its complementary components can be in the form of hook and loop or side release buckles. In one embodiment, a user can connect the locking means of the robot of the present invention with a corresponding complementary component on a strap and carry the robot on his or her body via the strap. In yet another embodiment, other items such as notice boards or display boards can be attached to the robot of the present invention using similar combinations of locking means and complementary components described herein.

[0064] In some embodiments, the robot 20 may further include a set of wheels 24a and 24b to enable the robot 20 to move or be moved from various positions to various positions. In one embodiment, the wheels 24a may be smaller in size than the wheels 24b. In one embodiment, the wheels 24a may move around 360 degrees to facilitate navigation or steering of the robot 20. In another embodiment, the robot 20 may further include a chassis 22 to assist in steering the robot 20. For example, the chassis 22 may include an electric or powered device to provide a semi-electrically assisted drive when the robot 20 is powered or in operation.

[0065] In some embodiments, the power supply module comprises a power plug for obtaining electricity from an external power source and at least one battery configured to store energy that allows the robot to operate without being connected to any external power source, in one embodiment, the battery is a lithium battery, an alkaline battery, or the like.

[0066] In some embodiments, the battery is removable from the robot body and is replaceable and / or rechargeable. With a set of replaceable batteries described herein, a user can quickly and easily replace batteries, allowing the robot of the present invention to operate at all times with little interruption and without having to wait for a recharge.

[0067] In some embodiments, the battery may be recharged when mounted on the robot of the present invention, and recharging may be done manually (e.g., by providing external power through a power cord) or automatically (e.g., by instructing the robot to obtain external power from an external charging dock). In some other embodiments, the robot of the present invention or the battery may be recharged via an external charging dock through wired or wireless means. In yet another embodiment, the battery may be recharged when mounted on or removed from the robot of the present invention.

[0068] In some embodiments, the battery can operate for at least two hours after being fully charged. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the decontamination process may take 30 to 60 minutes to complete with the dispersal of decontamination droplets, and the robot of the present invention may be deployed to perform at least two rounds of decontamination without recharging or charging the battery.

[0069] Decontamination Module

[0070] Referring to FIG. 4, a decontamination module (30) that may be housed within the robot 20 may include at least a fluid tank (31) configured to store decontamination fluid, a pumping system (32) configured to drive the movement of the decontamination fluid within the robot 20, a misting system (33) configured to generate droplets of the decontamination agent, a dispenser (34) configured to dispense or apply the droplets of the decontamination agent from the robot 20 to its surroundings, and a flow control or actuator module (35) configured to control the flow rate and direction of the decontamination agent droplets. In yet another embodiment, the decontamination module may include two or more fluid tanks for holding the same or different types of fluids or decontamination agents. In another embodiment, the structure or housing of the decontamination module 30 may be elongated, i.e., elongated in shape, to fit within the robot 20. In one example, the robot 20 may be designed to be maneuvered along aisles between seats within an enclosed space, such as a train or aircraft. Thus, dispensers 34a and 34b may be located higher than or above decontamination module 30. In this embodiment, for example, the outlets of dispensers 34a and 34b may be located above misting system 33. In another embodiment, dispensers 34a and 34b may be opposed to increase exposure of the decontamination agent.

[0071] In one embodiment, the fluid tank can store at least 5 liters of liquid. In some embodiments, the fluid tank can store about 3 liters to about 5 liters of liquid. According to some embodiments of the present invention, about 5 liters of decontamination agent will be utilized in a 60 minute decontamination process, and thus, a 5 liter fluid tank will enable the robot of the present invention to continuously deliver decontamination agent for up to 60 minutes.

[0072] In one embodiment, the pumping system comprises at least one electrically driven pump configured to drive the flow of liquid within the robot.

[0073] Atomization System

[0074] In one aspect, the present invention provides an atomization system capable of generating fine droplets of decontamination agent for spraying or misting applications. In various embodiments, the droplets of decontamination agent can be applied at a variety of temperatures as needed and can be via cold or thermal misting.

[0075] 5, the misting system (40) can include at least a housing (42) for holding at least one decontamination liquid, one or more misting elements (44) configured to transform the liquid into fine droplets, and at least one outlet that allows the droplets to travel from the housing to a dispenser. In one embodiment, the misting system 40 can be located within the decontamination module 30. In another embodiment, the misting system 40 can be located outside the decontamination module 30, but still housed within a robot compartment within the robot 30 (accessible via the side panel 28). In one embodiment, the housing includes one or more chambers for holding one or more types of decontamination agents.

[0076] In some embodiments, the atomizing element 44 can be an ultrasonic transducer.

[0077] In one embodiment, the atomization element comprises an atomization surface and a generator configured to induce vibrations by converting high frequency sound waves into mechanical energy, which is transferred into the liquid such that the liquid breaks up into fine droplets when it contacts the atomization surface.

[0078] In yet another embodiment, the atomization element comprises a probe through which liquid can flow and a generator configured at the tip of the probe to induce vibrations using high frequency sound waves to transform the liquid reaching the tip into fine droplets.

[0079] In one embodiment, the high frequency sound waves are ultrasound waves.

[0080] In some embodiments, the atomizing elements of the present invention, which are ultrasonic transducers, are configured with special echo structures and pore sizes to produce droplets that are substantially uniform in size.

[0081] In some other embodiments, the atomizing element is an electrostatic atomizer 1102 comprising a discharge electrode and a voltage generating unit configured to generate a pulse voltage to be applied to the discharge electrode, where the liquid is atomized into fine droplets when it contacts the discharge electrode. In one embodiment, the atomizing element comprises a surface coated with a plurality of negative ions or charged particles, thereby inducing the liquid to break into fine droplets.

[0082] In one embodiment, the droplets generated by the present invention carry a positive or negative charge to improve their adhesion to a surface. In some embodiments, the present invention further comprises at least one electrode and an ionizer or similar component configured to charge the decontamination droplets, where such electrode, ionizer or component can be located within or outside the atomizing element. In one embodiment, the decontamination droplets are charged when the decontamination solution is transformed into droplets by the atomizing element of the present invention. In yet another embodiment, the decontamination droplets are charged after they are generated using the atomizing element of the present invention. For example, an ionizer can be located within the dispenser to charge the droplets moving along the dispenser.

[0083] Existing atomization technologies, including common ultrasonic atomizers, are unable to produce a mist or fog that is sufficiently uniform, and the droplets that are generated have a wide distribution of sizes, ranging from 5 microns to 15 microns. The present atomization system can generate very fine droplets that are sufficiently uniform in size. In one embodiment, the atomization system 40 described herein can generate droplets that range in size from about 2 microns to about 10 microns. In yet another embodiment, the atomization system of the present invention can generate droplets that range in size from about 20 microns to about 40 microns.

[0084] In one embodiment, the atomization system 40 is capable of producing droplets such that at least 95% of the droplet population have substantially the same particle size.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 11, a configuration system 1100 may be employed with the atomization system 40. The system 1100 may include a system of channels or pathways for optimal size droplets to exit the outlet 1104 (e.g., dispensers 34a and 34b). In one embodiment, an air propulsion source (e.g., a fan) may provide a source of forced air through a first channel 1108. Arrows in the channel 1108 may indicate how the air flows through the channel 1108. A side channel 1110 may direct the air from the channel 1108 to another chamber 1112. In one embodiment, droplets from the atomizer 1102 may first enter the chamber 1112. In the direction of airflow indicated by the arrows in the chamber 1112, the droplets may move with the air as they flow from the chamber 1112 toward a choke point or throttle 1116. In one example, the direction of the airflow can be essentially horizontal or generally horizontal to direct the droplets through the blocker or blocking plate 1114. In one embodiment, the blocking plate 1114 can prevent, inhibit, or limit the escape of larger sized droplets from the chamber 1112.

[0086] In one aspect, the blocking plate 1114 can include a first plate 1122 and side plates 1118 and 1120. The side plates 1118 and 1120 can be angled relative to the first plate 1122. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the side plates 1118 and 1120 can be angled to face toward the atomizer 1102 and away from the outlet 1104. In another embodiment, the side plates 1118 and 1120 can be angled to face away from the atomizer 1102 and toward the outlet 1104. In one embodiment, the system 1100 can further include one or more plates 1124. In one example, the one or more plates 1124 can be positioned in various areas to further restrict droplets that escape from the blocking plate 1114. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the one or more plates 1124 can be disposed in close proximity to the blocking plate 1114. In the example shown, one or more plates 1124 may be disposed above the blocking plate 1114 and may be generally horizontal.

[0087] In one embodiment, as smaller or very small sized droplets travel toward the outlet 1104, a choke point or throttle 1116 can further restrict or reduce the size of the droplets heading toward the outlet 1116. By the time the droplets reach the channel 1108, air forces can carry the droplets out the outlet 1104.

[0088] Due to the very small size of the droplets produced by the fogging system 1100 described herein, the present invention can dispense decontamination agent by dry fogging, which has several advantages over jetting or wet fogging approaches. First, dry fogging achieves high air coverage and is suitable for both air and surface decontamination. Second, the amount of decontamination agent to be used can be significantly reduced, up to 80% of the decontamination agent according to some embodiments of the present invention, thereby reducing potential contamination and potential associated risks to the public.

[0089] Furthermore, dry spraying does not expose objects to wet droplets and therefore, in the case of decontamination of aircraft cabins and train cabins where the seat covers are usually made of cotton or other materials that have a tendency to absorb moisture, lengthy or extra steps to dry the treated objects or surfaces are not required, thereby making it possible to use public transportation immediately after decontamination.

[0090] Additionally, the nebulization system of the present invention requires less power to operate, thus reducing the overall power requirements of the device.

[0091] dispenser

[0092] In one embodiment, the robot of the present invention comprises a dispenser configured to dispense decontamination agent droplets from the robot to its surroundings. In one embodiment, the dispenser comprises at least one outlet connected at one end to the exterior of the chassis and at the other end to the misting system. In one embodiment, the dispenser comprises two outlets as depicted in FIG. 4, where the two outlets are configured to spray droplets at different angles within the range of zero degrees to 90 degrees measured from the horizontal level. The end of the outlet connected to the exterior can have a variety of shapes and dimensions depending on the coverage and rate of spraying to be achieved.

[0093] In one embodiment, the dispensers are detachable from the robot, allowing a user to switch between dispensers of different configurations.

[0094] The dispenser may be made from plastic materials, including but not limited to plastic materials within the UL94 Flame Classification rating of V0.

[0095] Flow Control Module

[0096] As depicted in Fig. 4, the robot of the present invention further comprises a flow rate adjustment module configured to control the flow rate and / or flow direction of the decontamination agent droplets. In some embodiments, the flow rate adjustment module of the present invention comprises at least one fan having a fixed speed or an adjustable speed. Thus, the flow rate of the droplets in the robot and even the ejection rate of the decontamination agent droplets can be adjusted according to the user's command.

[0097] Depending on the needs and other factors such as the size and design of the space, the injection rate of the decontamination agent during a single decontamination process can be constant or variable. In some embodiments, the injection rate of the decontamination agent is in the range of 2,000 mL / min to 8,000 mL / min, preferably 4,000 mL / min to 5,000 mL / min.

[0098] Depending on the need and other factors such as the size and design of the space, the droplets can be dispensed to the surroundings with or without the operation of the fan. In some embodiments, the fan is in operation during the course of the dispersal. In some other embodiments, the fan is turned off during the course of the dispersal and then turned on immediately or shortly after the dispersal to guide the flow and dispersal of the droplets in the space.

[0099] By using the special designs of the dispensers and / or flow control modules described herein, the flow and distribution of droplets can be precisely controlled to ensure effective decontamination of a space.

[0100] The robot of the present invention is capable of dispensing droplets that reach the ceilings and walls of indoor spaces for effective decontamination.

[0101] Specifically, the robot of the present invention can achieve high coverage that is wide enough for decontamination in spaces in public transport. In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention can cover a cross-sectional area of ​​at least 3 meters by 2.5 meters (3m x 2.5m). In some embodiments, droplets created by the robot of the present invention can reach up to 2.5m above the top end of the robot, can reach up to 1.5m to the left of the center of the robot, and can reach up to 1.5m to the right of the center of the robot. These droplets can then reach another location in the space by diffusion.

[0102] The robots described herein are compatible with a wide variety of aqueous decontamination agents and are suitable for decontaminating a wide range of objects. Decontamination agents that may be used with the robots of the present invention include, but are not limited to, hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, potassium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde-based decontamination agents, and quaternary ammonium chlorides.

[0103] The robot of the present invention may further include one or more additional decontamination modules employing other modes or techniques of decontamination. Examples of such additional modes or techniques of decontamination may include ozone-free ultraviolet-C (UVC) decontamination and air purifiers.

[0104] The robot of the present invention may further comprise a cleaning module configured to remove visible foreign objects such as dirt and contaminants from the surface to be cleaned. In some embodiments, cleaning may be performed using the robot of the present invention with the cleaning module or manually prior to the decontamination process.

[0105] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention is capable of operating at low noise levels of 50 dB or less.

[0106] Sensors and Autonomous Navigation Systems

[0107] The robot of the present invention may further comprise a navigation module configured to guide the navigation of the robot and to enable the robot to operate and maneuver within tight spaces, such as aircraft aisles, under an autonomous system.

[0108] An autonomous or automated robot is usually equipped with sensors for receiving signals related to the surrounding environment and some control system for adjusting the movement or operation of the robot based on the received signals, so that the robot can navigate along a predefined route while avoiding obstacles. Usually, a tolerance distance is set to restrict the robot from further navigation or to instruct the robot to adjust its route when the sensor detects the presence of an obstacle within the predefined tolerance distance. Although setting a larger tolerance distance helps to reduce the probability of hitting an obstacle during navigation, an excessively large tolerance distance can significantly hinder the performance of the robot, since it will have to stop or adjust its predefined route even when the probability of hitting an obstacle is very low. High maneuverability and precision are major challenges when it comes to navigation in tight spaces and / or with limited light, such as in an aircraft cabin. Due to the special design described herein, the robot of the present invention can navigate in tight spaces with high precision, in the sense of proceeding along a predefined route with little deviation and high tolerance to its adjacent obstacles.

[0109] In one embodiment, the robot of the present invention further comprises at least one sensor that receives signals from the surrounding environment for real-time monitoring and / or positioning purposes. The sensors to be used with the robot of the present invention can be light source based (e.g., laser system, LiDAR system, and camera), audible based (e.g., sonar system), radio wave based (e.g., radar), and any other sensor that is applicable for an automatic localization and navigation system. The signals and images collected or received from the sensor can be transmitted to any applicable signal processing device for analysis and / or recorded as part of the activity record.

[0110] In some embodiments, one or more sensors described herein can provide a robot of the present invention with a 360 degree field of view of 5 to 40 meters and can detect obstacles located up to 40 meters from the robot.

[0111] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention is configured to have a tolerance distance of 20 millimeters (mm) to the left and 20 mm to the right, which means that the robot will continue to steer and operate as long as no obstacles are detected within 20 mm on both the left and right sides.

[0112] In conjunction with the wheels described herein, the robot of the present invention can autonomously maneuver and turn steadily in tight spaces with a low probability of hitting obstacles in its vicinity, thus enabling the robot of the present invention to proceed along its predetermined route with few deviations.

[0113] safety management

[0114] The present invention may further comprise one or more safety measures to ensure that decontamination is carried out safely, thereby reducing potential health risks to people.

[0115] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention further comprises an identification module configured to identify and track the decontamination agent and / or the operator. The identification module can comprise one or more scanners configured to detect or read a specific signal from an identification tag and transmit such signal via electronic communication to one or more processing devices. The robot can require the user to provide an identification tag and will only be fully operational if the tag matches an authorization list of decontamination agents and / or operators stored in the system.

[0116] Examples of such identification tags include, but are not limited to, RFID, QR code, NFC chip, and barcode. For example, a personal RFID tag is assigned to each bottle of decontamination solution approved to be used for decontamination by spraying or spraying (depending on the case), and the robot door will only be opened if a matching RFID tag is present. If a matching RFID tag is not present, the user will not be able to start the robot or open it to fill it with decontamination solution and perform decontamination. Each RFID tag can allow one or multiple activations depending on the robot's fluid tank size and the size of the bottle carrying the decontamination solution (e.g., multiple activations may be allowed if a bottle of decontamination solution cannot be finished in one go). In some other embodiments, the volume of liquid in the fluid tank can be tracked on a real-time basis to determine the consumption of the decontamination solution, and such information can be used to update the records of the corresponding RFID tag. This ensures that only approved decontamination solutions are used and / or the robot is operated by authorized personnel.

[0117] In yet another embodiment, the robot of the present invention may further comprise an emergency safety control, where the robot will stop moving or jetting as soon as or within a second of the sensor detecting a moving object within a certain distance. In one embodiment, the robot will then provide a warning signal to inform the user about the situation. This will reduce the risk of exposure of humans or living organisms if not removed from the space prior to the decontamination process.

[0118] Operating System

[0119] In some embodiments, the robot of the present invention may be further connected to a communication network through a communication module. The communication network may be further connected to a remote computer system, where a user may issue commands to the robot from a remote location through a computer, smart device, or similar external device. In some embodiments, the robot may share its cleaning and decontamination parameters, including but not limited to data received by its sensors, with the communication network. In yet some other embodiments, the robot may receive commands via the communication network at any time during its operation.

[0120] In some embodiments, the communication is wireless communication, including but not limited to WI-FI, BLUETOOTH, NFC, and 4G or 5G telecommunications systems.

[0121] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a computer system configured to receive, process, and / or analyze signals from sensors of a robot of the present invention to control the operation of the robot on a real-time basis taking into account real-time data. In one embodiment, the computer system can use machine learning to identify the type of material and / or object (e.g., floor, wall, door, seat, etc.) to be cleaned and / or decontaminated based on the signals from the sensors to control and regulate the operation of various modules of the robot in order to tune and optimize the performance of the robot. The computer system can further use such information to determine a decontamination strategy that is optimized based on previous data regarding cleaning and decontaminating similar objects.

[0122] In yet another embodiment, the computer system can further provide a monitoring system to record all activity records for traceability. The information or activities to be recorded can include the start and end time of each operation, the location and route of the robot, the responsible operator, various events, accident records, spray volume, and battery status. In another embodiment, the computer system allows the user to create a cleaning and decontamination plan so that the robot operates according to the user's predefined operation parameters, such as route, spray time, spray rate, droplet size, and spray mode.

[0123] The robot and computer system may be further configured to implement various modes of operation or functionality. For example, the robot may be in a standby mode after being powered on, or in a setup mode that allows a user to communicate with and give instructions to the robot via network communication using an external computer or smart device. In some other embodiments, an automation mode is provided in which the robot will navigate along a predefined route, and a cleaning mode in which the robot will perform cleaning using its cleaning module. In yet another embodiment, the robot may be switched into an accident mode, where the robot will stop operation and notify the user when it faces issues such as lack of power or solution, connection loss, and the presence of obstacles.

[0124] The computer system may include a microprocessor and a computer readable storage medium or memory coupled to the microprocessor.

[0125] The robot may further be provided with switches and buttons for a user to turn the robot on / off or control the robot. An emergency stop button may further be provided to terminate any of the robot's operations in case of an emergency.

[0126] Displays and warning devices

[0127] The robot of the present invention may further comprise a display module configured to allow a user to receive information, which may include the start and end times of each operation, the total elapsed time in minutes and seconds, the GPS location of the robot, the responsible operator, information about the decontaminant solution (e.g., the type of decontaminant solution used, the volume filled into the fluid tank, and the date and time of filling), information about the fan and jetting (e.g., whether the fan is on, its speed, and the jetting rate), and battery status.

[0128] In some embodiments, the display module comprises a user interface that allows a user to access information at the user's discretion and provide instructions regarding the operation of the robot.

[0129] In one embodiment, the display module is an LCD touch screen configured to show information regarding the operation of the robot, such as the level of decontamination solution in the fluid tank, the battery level, and the droplet ejection rate, on the one hand, and to receive input from a user, on the other hand. In another embodiment, the display module can show icons related to certain operational parameters, where a user can select and control the operation of the robot accordingly.

[0130] In one embodiment, the robot of the present invention may further comprise one or more warning devices configured to warn a user of any alarm conditions that may affect the operation of the robot. For example, an audible warning device may be employed to notify a user in the event of low battery level, low solution level, overheating, detection of an obstruction. Some other form of warning device may also be employed, such as a light indicator or announcing a message.

[0131] Air sampling modules and detection modules for on-site monitoring In one embodiment, the robot may further comprise an air sampling module or unit configured to collect air from the surroundings and a detection module configured to detect the presence or absence or measure the level of one or more target substances within the enclosed space. Such target substances include, but are not limited to, microorganisms, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and contaminants, and it is expected that related information of such target substances may indicate the progress of the decontamination process and the status of the enclosed space, such as the air quality therein.

[0132] In one embodiment, the detection module may be connected to the air sampling module, hi another embodiment, the detection module may be integrated into the air sampling module.

[0133] The air sampling module may employ any suitable means for capturing ambient air, such as a blower or pump, to mechanically move air from the exterior to the interior of the robot of the invention at a fixed rate and / or volume or at a variable rate and / or volume. In one embodiment, the air sampling module may comprise an inlet and a mechanism, such as a motor, for moving air from the ambient through the inlet into the body of the robot for the purpose of collecting an air sample. The air sampling module may collect air samples continuously or at predetermined intervals during and / or after operation of the robot of the invention. In another embodiment, the detection module may employ any suitable means for detecting the presence or absence of a target microorganism. For example, the detection module may further comprise a testing subsystem. For example, the subsystem may include a nucleic acid-based or antigen-based molecular testing device that may provide an indication of the presence or absence of the target microorganism and / or an indication of the amount or similar of the target microorganism. In one embodiment, the detection module may include a signaling subsystem that may generate a signal (which may be a visual signal, an electronic signal, or other form of signal) in consideration of the indication from the testing subsystem. In one embodiment, the signaling subsystem may include a visual capture device that captures an image or indication of the testing subsystem. In another embodiment, the signaling subsystem may be integrated with the testing subsystem, such that the testing subsystem may not provide a symptom to humans. For example, the testing subsystem may transmit a signal to the signaling subsystem before transmitting the signal to the detection module. In one embodiment, the detection module may perform multiplex detection to simultaneously detect two or more types of microorganisms.

[0134] In another embodiment, the signaling subsystem may be further connected to other subsystems, such as sensors capable of capturing raw data such as temperature, humidity, location, or capable of capturing VOCs and pollutants.

[0135] In one embodiment, the detection module or robot may further include a processing unit or microprocessor coupled to the storage unit for performing an analysis of the detected signal. For example, the processing unit may be capable of quantifying or semi-quantifying the target microorganism based on the detected signal, thereby informing the user of the level of the target microorganism in the air in absolute or relative measurement units. In yet another embodiment, the device of the present invention may provide a warning signal through the signaling subsystem to inform the user of any alert situation.

[0136] The detection module of the present invention can perform detection continuously or at predetermined intervals during and / or after operation of the robot of the present invention and can transmit the obtained data to an operation system of the robot. In one embodiment, the operation system of the robot of the present invention is configured to receive data or signals from the detection module and can adjust one or more operation parameters of the robot of the present invention, such as firing rate and firing time, taking into account the received data or signals.

[0137] In some embodiments, some or all of the modules described herein are separable and detachable from the robot body, thereby providing the flexibility to design and assemble the robot as needed.

[0138] Decontamination of aircraft cabins using decontamination robots

[0139] In various embodiments, the present invention provides a decontamination robot adapted for decontamination of aircraft. The robot described herein has a lightweight and slender body that allows the robot to be easily deployed in the narrow aisles of an aircraft. Using sensors and navigation systems according to some of the embodiments, the robot can navigate along the narrow aisles with high precision and complete the decontamination process while following a predefined route with little deviation. Furthermore, the robot of the present invention can decontaminate surfaces and air by dry spray, thereby reducing the time required to return the flight to its normal phase and make it safe and ready for the next flight. The robot of the present invention does not depend on a WI-FI connection to operate and is capable of carrying out decontamination in the cabin according to a pre-set program.

[0140] Users can use the robot of the present invention to decontaminate aircraft cabins under various scenarios and to adjust the type of decontamination agent, duration of the decontamination process and other parameters according to their requirements. For example, if the aircraft is idling and there is no next flight on the same day, a longer duration of decontamination and ventilation can be performed. If the aircraft has a tight schedule and the aircraft may only have 1 to 1.5 hours between two flights, the robot of the present invention can perform a quick but effective decontamination. According to some embodiments of the robot of the present invention, the decontamination time can be as short as about 15 minutes and the ventilation time can be about 15 to 30 minutes, which significantly shortens the turnaround time and allows the aircraft to start the next flight on schedule. In yet another embodiment, pre-meal decontamination using an acceptable decontamination agent and droplets of an acceptable particle size can be employed. By using frequent and sufficient decontamination, the risk of infection or the spread of disease can be significantly reduced.

[0141] Methods for decontaminating enclosed spaces

[0142] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for decontaminating various set-point spaces, including air and surfaces within the space.In some embodiments, a method is provided for decontaminating spaces within closed areas, such as the spaces of metro, train, airplane, ship, and rooms, such as hotel rooms, lodging rooms, and work or school rooms.In yet another aspect, a method is provided for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of target microorganisms in closed areas or spaces.

[0143] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an enclosed area or space, the method comprising: a) dispersing multiple droplets of a decontaminant composition into the area; and b) allowing a period of time sufficient for the droplets to disperse throughout the area to maintain an effective concentration of the decontaminant composition in the area for a period of time.

[0144] Cell viability of a target microorganism as used herein is a measure of the proportion of live, healthy cells of the target microorganism within a population.

[0145] As used herein, an effective concentration in relation to a decontamination composition and a target space or target surface means a concentration of an active ingredient in the decontamination composition in the target space or on the target surface that can satisfactorily reduce the bioburden of a target microorganism. In some embodiments, an effective concentration of a decontamination composition is a concentration of an active ingredient in the decontamination composition in the target space or on the target surface that can reduce the bioburden of a target microorganism by 90-99% or preferably by 95-99%. In some other embodiments, an effective concentration of a decontamination composition is a concentration of an active ingredient in the decontamination composition in the target space or on the target surface that can reduce the bioburden of a target microorganism by 99.1-99.99%, 99.96-99.99%, or preferably by 99.9-99.9%. In yet other embodiments, an effective concentration of a decontaminant composition is the concentration of active ingredient in the decontaminant composition in a target space or on a target surface that can reduce a target microorganism by 1 log, 2 log, 3 log, 4 log, 5 log, or 6 log within a specified time range.

[0146] The term "bioburden" as used herein means the number of viable microorganisms on a surface or in the air within a space prior to decontamination and can reflect the degree of microbial contamination or microbial load of that surface or space.

[0147] The term "microorganism" as used herein means any non-cellular or unicellular organism, including colonial organisms. Microorganisms include all prokaryotes and can be pathogenic. Microorganisms include bacteria, spores, lichens, fungi, protozoa, virinos, viroids, viruses, phages, and some algae. Microorganisms can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic.

[0148] The time that is sufficient to dispense multiple droplets of the decontaminant composition into an area and to reach or maintain an effective concentration can be a function of several factors, including, but not limited to: the size of the droplets as dispensed, the type of decontaminant composition being used, the concentration of the decontaminant composition in the droplets, the identity of the target microorganism, the size and humidity of the area, and the pre-treatment condition of the area. The calculation of the time can be based on one or more of the factors listed above.

[0149] In some embodiments, droplets of the decontamination composition are distributed to a target space or surface by jetting or spraying, where droplets of the decontamination agent are distributed to the air and surface areas above the target surface, thereby killing or otherwise destroying microorganisms in the air and on these surfaces. Without being limited to any particular theory, spraying differs from jetting in terms of droplet size, which directly affects the droplet surface contact behavior and jet distribution. Typically, spray decontamination devices generate droplets with a size of 10-40 microns, while jetting devices generate larger droplets with a size of over 100 microns. In some embodiments, the droplet size is in the range of about 2 microns to about 40 microns. In other embodiments, the droplet size is about 100 microns or more.

[0150] The injection or spraying can be performed manually (e.g., by a handheld sprayer) or by automated means (e.g., by a hands-free injection / spraying device, which may be either stationary or mobile). In one embodiment, the droplets are dispensed using any of the robots, systems, or inventions described herein.

[0151] The jet or spray can be applied at room temperature, at lower temperatures, or at higher temperatures, hi one embodiment, the droplets are dispensed by cold or thermal spray.

[0152] In some embodiments, the droplets are electrostatically charged.

[0153] In some embodiments, before droplets of the decontamination composition are dispensed onto the target surface, a pre-cleaning of the surface is performed to remove organic matter and other obstructing objects.

[0154] Various kinds of decontamination agent compositions can be used in connection with the method herein, provided that the decontamination agent composition is applicable and safe for spraying or spraying application.Applicable examples of decontamination agent compositions include, but are not limited to, quat (quaternary ammonium compound)-based decontamination agents, hydrogen peroxide-based decontamination agents, and chlorine-based decontamination agents.In some embodiments, the decontamination agent composition contains at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, potassium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and potassium dichloroisocyanurate.

[0155] The enclosed space to be decontaminated by the method of the present invention can be of various sizes and configurations. In one embodiment, the enclosed space has a size of about 500 cubic feet to 5,000 cubic feet. In yet another embodiment, the enclosed space has a size of about 1,500 cubic feet to 4,000 cubic feet.

[0156] In one embodiment, the enclosed space to be decontaminated by the method of the present invention has all or some of its doors or windows closed or sealed, hi another embodiment, ventilation of air within the enclosed space is limited, for example, by turning off one or more of the air conditioners, vents, or fans therein.

[0157] The decontamination method of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of spaces. The following detailed description provides various embodiments to illustrate how the present invention can be used to decontaminate spaces such as railroad systems, aircraft, and enclosed rooms.

[0158] Decontamination of railway systems

[0159] In one aspect, a method for decontaminating a space of a rail system, such as a metro, subway, and train, is provided. In yet another aspect, a method for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in a space of a rail system is provided. The space of a rail system can be a compartment of a metro, subway, or train.

[0160] The method includes the steps of a) dispersing multiple droplets of a decontamination composition into a space of a rail system, and b) allowing a period of time that is sufficient for the droplets to disperse throughout the space to maintain an effective concentration of the decontamination composition within the space. As described herein, the droplets may be dispensed manually or by automated means, and a wide variety of decontamination agents may be used. EXAMPLES

[0161] Example 1 Decontamination of the Model C Train

[0162] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a metro (Model C train of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway system, showing the general interior design of all trains in the railway system), where eleven cross sections (cross sections 1 to 11) were treated and monitored during the decontamination process. The dimensions of the metro are 24600 mm × 3096 mm × 3700 mm. The eleven cross sections include various typical locations such as the doors, seats, seat walls, and throughways of the metro. Probes were placed at strategic locations of the cross sections, such as edge areas (e.g., on the walls) or obstruction areas (e.g., under the seats) to monitor the concentration of the decontamination agent across the geometric plane.

[0163] In this embodiment, a mobile automated decontamination robot operated via remote control was deployed at one end of the metro and then sprayed vaporized hydrogen peroxide at each cross section as it moved along the metro to the other end, where all doors were closed and ventilation was turned off during testing. Vaporized hydrogen peroxide was applied by the robot at each of the eleven cross sections to achieve 90 parts per million (ppm) of hydrogen peroxide on the target cross sections for at least 20 minutes (as detected by probes located at these cross sections). After completion of the decontamination process, all doors of the metro were opened for 30 minutes for aeration, thereby reducing the decontamination agent concentration to a level that is safe for human exposure. Bacteria levels at the eleven cross sections before and after treatment were monitored. It was found that maintaining vaporized hydrogen peroxide at 90 ppm for 20 minutes was capable of reducing Escherichia coli by more than 99.999%.

[0164] Example 2 Decontamination of the Airport Express Line Train

[0165] To further evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination of the space of the railway system, a systematic field test was carried out on the Airport Express Line (AEL) train of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) of Hong Kong using three different types of decontamination agent compositions. In this example, a mobile automated decontamination robot operated via remote control was disposed at one end of the train and then sprayed the decontamination agent as it moved along the train toward the other end, where all doors were closed and ventilation was turned off during the test. Table 1 summarizes the types of decontamination agents and the operation parameters of the decontamination process employed in this example. Decontamination agent consumption as used herein is defined as the amount of decontamination agent consumed in cubic meters (m 3) means the amount of the decontamination composition in its application form expressed in units of millimeters (mL) per unit volume of the decontamination space. For example, 1 mL / m 3 The decontamination consumption is 1m 3 This means that within a space of (1 m x 1 m x 1 m), it would require the spraying of 1 mL of the decontaminant composition in its application form by the device or other means for the entire space. [Table 1]

[0166] The effectiveness of decontamination was evaluated by monitoring the surface cleanliness of the decontaminated space using an ATP bioluminescence assay. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a measurement of biological load and is used as a marker for biological contamination to indicate overall surface cleanliness. If there is a change in biomass (increase / decrease), there is a corresponding change in ATP. In this case, the relative amount of ATP can be measured using a handheld device such as the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Luminometer LX25 or the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Hygiene Monitoring Device, with results expressed in relative light units (RLU). In the context of decontamination, the surface cleanliness monitoring test serves as a rapid on-site test to assess whether the cleaning and decontamination process was performed satisfactorily with reference to cell viability and bioburden. Generally, a decrease in the RLU reading indicates a decrease in the amount of microorganisms in the sample and a cleaner surface. In a healthcare environment, the recommended acceptance criteria for RLU are: a) pass (<500 RLU); b) caution (500-1,000 RLU); c) fail (>1,000 RLU).

[0167] In this example, two samples were collected from each of the target areas (2 cm x 5 cm sample area) of the train by two independent swaps immediately before and after decontamination and their respective RLU readings were measured using the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Hygiene Monitoring Device. A total of eleven sample locations were selected and tested covering a variety of accessible areas and materials of the train, as shown in Figure 12. Tables 2-4 provide a summary of the results of the surface cleanliness monitoring testing of this example. [Table 2] [Table 3-1] [Table 3-2] [Table 4-1] [Table 4-2]

[0168] These results showed that decontamination using EVICATE Pro or NANOCYN significantly improved surface cleanliness at all selected locations passed, whereas decontamination using BIOEM was less effective.

[0169] As one skilled in the art will appreciate, the method of the present invention may be used to decontaminate railway systems of various designs and is not limited to the train types shown or described herein. In some embodiments, the method of the present invention may be used to decontaminate passenger compartments of mass transit railway (MTR) trains in Hong Kong or mainland China, such as Metro Cammell EMU (DC) (M-Train), Adtranz-CAF EMU, Rotem EMU, CNR Changchun EMU (C-Train), SP1900 / 1950 EMU, Metro Cammell EMU (AC), Hyundai Rotem EMU (R-Stock), and light rail rolling stock. In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention may be used to decontaminate train passenger compartments of high speed trains, such as trains operating in mainland China or Hong Kong, including CRH2 Class, CRH2A Class, CRH2 Class x2 & Passenger cars, CRH3 Class, CRH3 Class, CRH380AL Class, CRH400AF Class, CRH400AF Class, CRH5 Class, CRH5 Class x2 & Passenger cars, DJJ Class "Blue Arrow" Train, X-2000 Tilt Train, and KCR Metropolitan Train (Hong Kong).

[0170] As one skilled in the art will recognize, whether a manual, fixed, or mobile device is employed to distribute the decontaminant droplets to the space, it is important to inject a sufficient amount of decontaminant to achieve an effective concentration throughout the metro (especially in occluded or less exposed areas) to ensure adequate coverage and to allow sufficient time for reaction. Treatment times may vary according to the type and amount of target microorganisms of interest, the type of decontaminant used, and the pre-treatment condition of the metro cabin. In some embodiments, for decontaminating a metro cabin of about 9,000-11,000 cubic feet, the effective concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the cabin or on the target surfaces is in the range of 120-400 ppm, and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes. In some other embodiments, for decontaminating a metro cabin of about 9,000-11,000 cubic feet, the effective concentration of quat-based decontaminant droplets in the cabin or on the target surfaces is in the range of 10-40 ppm, and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes. In some other embodiments, to decontaminate a metro cabin of approximately 9,000-11,000 cubic feet, the effective concentration of hypochlorous acid-based decontaminant droplets in the cabin or on the target surfaces is in the range of 10-40 ppm, and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes.

[0171] In some other embodiments, the methods described herein reduce the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in a rail system enclosed space, reducing the bioburden of the target microorganism by 90.0-99.9% within a period of time. In still other embodiments, the methods described herein reduce the RLU readings of a rail system enclosed space by at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% within a period of time.

[0172] Aircraft cabin decontamination

[0173] In one aspect, a method of decontaminating an aircraft cabin space is provided. In yet another aspect, a method of reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an aircraft cabin space is provided.

[0174] The method includes the steps of a) dispersing multiple droplets of a decontamination composition into a volume of an aircraft cabin, and b) allowing a sufficient time for the droplets to disperse throughout the volume to maintain an effective concentration of the decontamination composition within the volume for a period of time. As described herein, the droplets may be dispensed manually or by automated means, and a wide variety of decontamination agents may be used.

[0175] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an aircraft cabin with two aisles. In one embodiment, one mobile automated decontamination robot is placed at the beginning of each aisle and sprays decontamination agent droplets while moving along the aisle to the other end of the aircraft, where all doors and windows of the aircraft are closed and all ventilation devices, including air conditioning, are turned off. The two robots are configured to stop at each dwell point (which is the partition between cabin classes or toilet areas) for a certain period of time, such as 15 seconds. The entire decontamination took about 10 to 15 minutes. After the completion of the decontamination process, all doors of the aircraft are opened for air mixing, thereby reducing the decontamination agent concentration to a level that is safe for human exposure. The levels of target microorganisms at selected locations in the cabin before and after treatment are monitored. It is expected that the method of the present invention can significantly reduce the amount of target microorganisms and can be satisfactory in maintaining a low bioburden level.

[0176] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, whether a manual, fixed, or mobile device is employed to distribute the decontamination agent droplets, it is important to inject a sufficient amount of decontamination agent to achieve an effective concentration throughout the aircraft cabin, particularly in occluded or less exposed areas, to ensure adequate coverage and to allow sufficient time for reaction. Treatment times may vary according to the type and amount of target microorganisms of interest, the type of decontamination agent used, and the pre-treatment condition of the aircraft cabin.

[0177] The methods of the present invention may be used on a variety of aircraft types, whether passenger or cargo aircraft, including, but not limited to, BOEING aircraft (e.g., models 707, 720, 727, 737, 747, 757, 767, 777, and 797), and AIRBUS aircraft (e.g., models A220, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, and A380).

[0178] In some embodiments, for decontaminating the cabin of a BOEING Model 737 aircraft, the effective concentration of quat-based decontaminant droplets in the cabin is in the range of 10-40 ppm and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes. In some other embodiments, for decontaminating the cabin of an AIRBUS Model A320 aircraft, the effective concentration of quat-based fog or mist decontaminant droplets in the cabin is in the range of 10-40 ppm and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes.

[0179] In various embodiments, decontamination agents that may be used with the present invention are those that comply with aerospace industry standards or other applicable standards adopted by companies operating in the aerospace industry, such as "BOEING SPECIFICATION STANDARD BSS7434" for testing the chemical compatibility of cleaning products with internal parts / materials of commercial transport aircraft, and "AIRBUS INDUSTRIES BRITISH AEROSPACE AIRBUS AIMS09-00-002" for evaluating the compatibility of maintenance materials with Airbus.

[0180] In one embodiment, the decontaminant to be used with the present invention is NANOCYN by MICROSAFE, a hypochlorous acid-based decontaminant capable of eliminating a broad range of viruses (e.g., Herpes simplex, Norovirus (abdominal pain), Influenza A (H1N1), Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B), bacteria (e.g., Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), molds and fungi (e.g., Candida Albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes), and other microorganisms with a 6 log reduction (i.e., 99.9999% reduction) in a 30 second contact time. NANOCYN / MICROSAFE has been approved by regulatory authorities in the Middle East / Africa, Europe, Australia and other regions for decontamination of certain surfaces and airspaces by spraying or fogging (also known as fumigation or misting), and will soon be approved in the United States.

[0181] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for decontaminating an aircraft cabin, comprising: a) dispersing multiple droplets of a hypochlorous acid-based decontaminant solution into a volume of the aircraft cabin; and b) allowing a sufficient time for the droplets to disperse throughout the volume to maintain an effective concentration of the decontaminant composition in the volume for a period of time. In some embodiments, the effective concentration of the hypochlorous acid droplets is in the range of 10-200 ppm, and the treatment time is in the range of 15-240 minutes.

[0182] Example 3 AIRBUS A350 cabin decontamination

[0183] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for decontaminating an airline cabin (model AIRBUS A350) using a decontamination robot. A surface cleanliness test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the decontamination. With reference to FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C, a decontamination robot was placed at the beginning of each aisle and sprayed droplets of NANOCYN while moving along the aisle to the other end of the aircraft, where all doors and windows of the aircraft were closed and all ventilation devices, including air conditioning, were turned off. The two robots were configured to stop at each dwell point (which was the partition between cabin classes or toilet areas) for 15 to 30 seconds. The total decontamination time was about 15 to 30 minutes. The concentration of NANOCYN in the airline cabin was about 10 to 40 ppm. Samples were collected at selected locations in the cabin as shown in FIG. 13 before and after treatment and tested using the surface cleanliness test.

[0184] Table 5 summarizes the results, which showed that the present invention using NANOCYN was able to achieve satisfactory decontamination results at the majority of the locations tested, as seen by a significant reduction in RLU readings. [Table 5-1] [Table 5-2]

[0185] In one embodiment, a method for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an aircraft cabin is provided, the method comprising dispersing a multiplicity of droplets of a decontaminant composition into the aircraft cabin and allowing a sufficient time for the droplets to disperse throughout the aircraft cabin to maintain an effective concentration of the decontaminant composition in the aircraft cabin for a period of time.

[0186] In one embodiment, an effective concentration is a concentration of the decontaminant composition in an aircraft cabin that is sufficient to reduce the bioburden of a target microorganism in the aircraft cabin by 90.0% to 99.9% within a certain period of time.

[0187] In one embodiment, the method of the present invention for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an aircraft cabin comprises spraying droplets of a decontaminant composition onto the cabin of a BOEING aircraft according to the following parameters: [Table A-1] [Table A-2]

[0188] In one embodiment, the method of the present invention for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an aircraft cabin comprises spraying droplets of a decontaminant composition containing the following active ingredients to the cabin of an AIRBUS aircraft according to the following parameters:

[0189] [Table B]

[0190] In some embodiments, the methods described herein reduce the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an aircraft cabin confined space, reducing the bioburden of the target microorganism by 90.0-99.9% within a period of time. In still other embodiments, the methods described herein reduce the RLU readings of an aircraft cabin confined space by at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% within a period of time.

[0191] Decontamination of closed rooms

[0192] In one aspect, a method for decontaminating enclosed rooms, such as hotel rooms, lodging rooms, and work or school rooms, is provided. In yet another aspect, a method for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of target microorganisms in enclosed areas is provided. Other rooms, such as rooms in hospitals, elderly care facilities, and childcare facilities, can also be treated by the method of the present invention. The method includes a) dispersing multiple droplets of a decontaminant composition into the room, and b) allowing a period of time that is sufficient for the droplets to disperse throughout the room in order to maintain an effective concentration of the decontaminant composition in the room for a certain period of time. As described herein, the droplets can be dispersed manually or by automated means, and a variety of types of decontaminants can be used.

[0193] Example 4 Decontamination of a carpeted, closed conference room

[0194] Figure 8 shows the floor plan of a closed conference room with carpet of approximately 200 square feet and 8 feet high without any partitions from ceiling to floor. Bacteria were placed at 10 locations (locations A-J) throughout the room. A fixed decontamination device was deployed at one end of the table (location J) and configured to spray droplets of quat-based decontaminant toward one end of the table for 5 minutes at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, where all doors and windows of the room were closed and all ventilation devices, including air conditioning, were turned off. After application of the droplets, the room was left undisturbed for at least 30 minutes and bacterial samples were collected from locations A-J after every process. Bacteria levels at locations A-J before and after the process were measured and compared (Table 6). It was found that an average of about 90% to 99.99% of carrier bacteria were eliminated after the treatment. [Table 6-1] [Table 6-2]

[0195] Example 5 Decontamination of closed, uncarpeted rooms

[0196] Figure 9 shows the floor plan of a closed, uncarpeted room of approximately 320 square feet and 9 feet high, without any partitions from ceiling to floor. Bacteria were placed at locations A-J throughout the room. A fixed decontamination device was deployed at one of the corners of the room (marked with *) and configured to spray droplets of decontamination agent toward the corner of the room for 18 minutes, followed by a waiting period of 30 minutes. The entire process was carried out at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, where all doors and windows of the room were closed and all ventilation devices, including air conditioning, were turned off. A series of tests using various strains of bacteria were carried out and their levels were monitored before and after treatment. Table 7 summarizes the type of decontamination agent used and the average reduction in bacteria levels after treatment. [Table 7]

[0197] Example 6 Decontamination of closed rooms using quat-based decontaminants

[0198] FIG. 10 shows the floor plan of a closed room of about 320 square feet and 498 cm (about 16.34 feet) in height, where bacteria were placed at selected locations in the room, including the locations of walls (W1-W4), corners (C1-C4), and tables (T1-T3) at the same or different heights. A mobile automated decontamination device was deployed and configured to move twice in the room while following a predetermined route as indicated by the route of the arrows, and to spray droplets of quat-based decontamination agent (active ingredient concentration: 0.05%-1% (wt / wt)) with a total spray time of about 4 minutes. The room was left in this state for 2 hours. The entire process was carried out at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, where all doors and windows in the room were closed and all ventilation devices, including air conditioning, were turned off.

[0199] Table 8 summarizes the average reduction in bacterial levels after treatment and shows that the treatment was able to reduce the bacterial strains tested in duplicate at all selected locations and heights by >99%. [Table 8]

[0200] Example 7 Decontamination of closed rooms using NANOCYN

[0201] In this example, a simulated test was conducted in an approximately 330 square foot closed room by a certified laboratory using microbiological methods to evaluate the decontamination effectiveness of NANOCYN dispensed by one embodiment of the decontamination robot described herein.

[0202] FIG. 14 shows an example floor plan of a closed room of about 330 square feet and 300 cm (about 9.8 feet) in height, where S. aureau and / or E. coli were placed in selected locations in the room. A mobile automated decontamination device was deployed and configured to move around the room while following a predefined route and to spray droplets of NANOCYN for a total spray time of about 2-10 minutes. The room was left in this state for about 1-6 hours. The entire process was carried out at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, where all doors and windows in the room were closed and all ventilation devices, including air conditioning, were turned off. It is estimated that the concentration of NANOCYN in the room was maintained at about 10-40 ppm during the treatment period.

[0203] The simulation study showed that bacterial levels at all selected locations were reduced by more than 90%.

[0204] Example 8 Decontamination of closed rooms using EVICATE Pro and NANOCYN

[0205] In this example, simulation testing was conducted in a closed room of approximately 200 square feet and 300 cm (approximately 9.8 feet) in height by a certified laboratory using microbiological methods to evaluate the decontamination efficacy of EVICATE Pro and NANOCYN sprayed by a mobile automated decontamination robot under three different decontamination protocols: 1. Protocol I (preventive decontamination) that may be adopted for routine decontamination of low-risk areas. 2. Protocol II (medium level decontamination), which may be adopted for routine decontamination of high-risk areas or decontamination of moderately contaminated areas. 3. Protocol III (high level decontamination), which may be adopted for routine decontamination of high-risk areas or for decontamination of heavily contaminated areas.

[0206] The pathogens tested were S. aureus and E. coli. Key operating parameters and results are summarized in Tables 9 and 10. [Table 9] [Table 10]

[0207] Example 9 Nursing home decontamination

[0208] In this example, the present invention was used for full-depth disinfection of high-risk areas in a nursing home and preventive decontamination of common areas. Briefly, each selected area was decontaminated for a certain period of time using a mobile decontamination robot spraying EVICATE Pro and a manual decontamination robot spraying EVICATE Pro continuously. In high-risk areas (such as toilets, serving rooms, kitchens, storage rooms, and multi-function rooms), the decontamination agent consumption was about 4-8 mL / m 3 In common areas (dining rooms, living compartments, and corridors, etc.), decontamination agent consumption was approximately 6–10 mL / m 3 After treatment, the rooms were left in this condition for 2 hours and ventilated before re-entry by residents and staff. Decontamination effectiveness was assessed by the surface cleanliness test described above.

[0209] Table 11 summarizes the results of preventive decontamination of common areas. [Table 11]

[0210] These results show a consistent and significant decrease in RLUs at all selected locations during the decontamination process, thereby indicating an improvement in overall hygiene. Furthermore, surface cleanliness passed the acceptance criteria of general healthcare environment guidelines.

[0211] Example 10 Decontamination of hotel rooms

[0212] In this example, a field test was conducted in a hotel to evaluate the effectiveness of using the present invention to decontaminate selected areas in the hotel. A total of 36 areas were selected from the ballroom, guest floors, occupied guest rooms, and housekeeping offices and were decontaminated using a mobile decontamination robot spraying NANOCYN. The decontamination agent consumption was approximately 1-2 mL / m 3 After treatment, each treated area was left in this state for approximately 30 minutes. The carpets were vacuumed prior to decontamination to physically remove dirt and microorganisms hidden in the carpet fabric fibers, with the goal of improving the effectiveness of the decontamination.

[0213] The decontamination effectiveness was evaluated by the surface cleanliness test described above.

[0214] Tables 12-15 summarize the decontamination results of these selected areas. [Table 12] [Table 13-1] [Table 13-2] [Table 14] [Table 15]

[0215] These results showed that the average RLU value of the 36 spots before decontamination was over 1000 RLU, which is considered high. A consistent and significant reduction in RLU readings was observed at all selected locations during the decontamination process (average >80%), with an average value of 150 RLU. Specifically, the average reduction in RLU was 89% in the ballroom and its reception area, 90% in the guest floor, 90% in the guest rooms and their bathrooms, and 73% in the housekeeping office. Overall, these results show that a satisfactory improvement in surface cleanliness was achieved by the present invention, and that the resulting surface cleanliness passed the high-end hospitality sector industrial standard (<300 RLU) according to Band G of the Hygiene Management Guide published by 3M.

[0216] Moreover, it is noteworthy that some of the selected areas were already in use, meaning that objects inside the room were not removed prior to decontamination. These surface cleanliness results demonstrated that the present invention significantly improved surface hygiene even in used locations or areas.

[0217] When decontamination is performed by automated means, fixed or mobile decontamination devices as shown above can be used.Mobile decontamination devices, such as the decontamination robot described herein, are generally more suitable for decontaminating larger rooms than fixed devices.Mobile decontamination devices can move around the room to reach each corner of the room while avoiding obstacles such as tables and chairs, and can more consistently spray decontamination agent droplets throughout the room.

[0218] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, whether a manual, fixed, or mobile device is employed to distribute the decontamination agent droplets, it is important to inject a sufficient amount of decontamination agent to achieve an effective concentration throughout the aircraft cabin, particularly in occluded or less exposed areas, to ensure adequate coverage and to allow sufficient time for reaction. Treatment times may vary according to the type and amount of target microorganisms of interest, the type of decontamination agent used, and the pre-treatment condition of the aircraft cabin.

[0219] In some embodiments, for decontaminating an enclosed room of about 200-400 square feet, the effective concentration of the quat-based decontaminant droplets in the room is in the range of 10-40 ppm and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes. In some other embodiments, for decontaminating an enclosed room of about 200-400 square feet, the effective concentration of the decontaminant droplets in the room is in the range of 10-40 ppm and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes. In some embodiments, for decontaminating an enclosed room of about 1,500-4,000 cubic feet, the effective concentration of the quat-based decontaminant droplets in the room is in the range of 10-40 ppm and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes. In some embodiments, for decontaminating an enclosed room of about 1,500-4,000 cubic feet, the effective concentration of the decontaminant droplets in the room is in the range of 10-40 ppm and the treatment time is in the range of 20-360 minutes.

[0220] In one embodiment, a method is provided for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an enclosed room, the method comprising dispersing a multiplicity of droplets of a decontaminant composition into the enclosed room and allowing a period of time sufficient for the droplets to disperse throughout an aircraft cabin to maintain an effective concentration of the decontaminant composition in the enclosed space for a period of time.

[0221] In one embodiment, an effective concentration is a concentration of the decontaminant composition in a closed room that is sufficient to reduce the bioburden of the target microorganisms in the closed room by 90.0% to 99.9% within a given period of time.

[0222] In some embodiments, the methods described herein reduce the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in a closed room, reducing the bioburden of the target microorganism by 90.0-99.9% within a period of time. In still other embodiments, the methods described herein reduce the RLU readings of a closed room by at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% within a period of time.

[0223] In one embodiment, a method of the present invention for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of target microorganisms in an enclosed room of about 1,500 to 4,000 cubic feet comprises spraying droplets of a decontaminant composition containing the following active ingredients to the room according to the following parameters: [Table C]

[0224] In one embodiment, a method of the present invention for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of target microorganisms in an enclosed room of about 4,000 to 10,000 cubic feet comprises spraying droplets of a decontaminant composition containing the following active ingredients to the room according to the following parameters: [Table D]

[0225] Other embodiments

[0226] In some embodiments of the method described herein, after the start of the step of spraying droplets of the decontamination agent composition into the enclosed space, various data such as the concentration of the active ingredient of the decontamination agent composition or the amount of the target microorganism are collected at regular intervals or continuously during the spraying step. In one embodiment, the concentration of the active ingredient of the decontamination agent composition in the enclosed space is detected at regular intervals or continuously during the spraying step. A user or a device spraying the decontamination agent droplets can compare these detected concentrations with a predetermined target concentration of the active ingredient, thereby determining whether the target concentration has been achieved in the enclosed space. In yet another embodiment, a user or a device spraying the decontamination agent droplets can stop the spraying step for a certain period of time, such as 5 minutes, 10 minutes, or 15 minutes, when the detected concentration reaches a value equal to or greater than the predetermined target concentration.

[0227] Example embodiments may include additional devices and networks other than those shown. Further, functionality described as being performed by one device may be distributed and performed by two or more devices. Further, multiple devices may be combined into a single device, and the single device may perform the functionality of the combined devices.

[0228] The various participants and elements described herein may operate one or more computing devices to facilitate the functions described herein. Any of the elements in the figures described above, including any server, user device, or database, may use any suitable number of subsystems to facilitate the functions described herein.

[0229] Any of the software components or functions described in this application may be implemented as software code or computer readable instructions that may be executed by at least one processing device using any suitable computer language, such as, for example, Java, C++, or Python, e.g., using conventional or object-oriented techniques.

[0230] The software code may be stored as a sequence of instructions or commands in a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a magnetic medium such as a hard drive or a floppy disk, or an optical medium such as a CD-ROM. Any such computer readable medium may reside on or within a single computing device, or may be present on or within multiple computing devices within a system or network.

[0231] It can be understood that the present invention described above can be implemented in the form of control logic using computer software in a modular or integrated manner. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person skilled in the art may know and can appreciate other ways and / or methods for implementing the present invention using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0232] The above description is illustrative and not restrictive. Many variations of the embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the embodiments should not be determined by reference to the above description, but by reference to the pending claims together with their full scope or equivalents.

[0233] One or more features from any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment without departing from the scope of the embodiment. The descriptions "a," "an," or "the" are intended to mean "one or more," unless specifically indicated otherwise. The description "and / or" is intended to represent the most inclusive meaning of the term, unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0234] One or more elements of the elements of the system of the present invention may be claimed as a means for achieving a particular function. When these means-plus-function elements are used to describe a particular element of the claimed system, a person skilled in the art who directly reads the specification, drawings, and claims can understand that the corresponding structure includes a computer, processing device, or microprocessor (as the case may be) that is programmed to perform the specifically described function using the functionality found in the computer after special programming and / or by implementing one or more algorithms for the purpose of achieving the functionality described as described in the claims or the steps above. As a person skilled in the art would understand, the algorithm may be expressed in the present disclosure as a mathematical formula, as a flow chart, as a narrative, and / or in any other manner that provides a structure sufficient for a person skilled in the art to implement the described process and its equivalents.

[0235] The present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and the drawings and discussion are provided with the understanding that the present disclosure is an exemplification of the principles of one or more inventions, and is not intended to limit any one embodiment to the embodiment shown.

[0236] Further advantages and modifications of the above described system and method will readily occur to those skilled in the art.

[0237] Thus, the disclosure in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative systems and methods, and illustrative examples shown and described above. Various modifications and variations may be made to the above specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure, and the disclosure is intended to cover all such modifications and variations, provided that they are within the scope of the following claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. 1. A method for reducing the amount, cell viability, and / or infectivity of a target microorganism in an enclosed space, comprising: (a) dispersing multiple droplets of a decontamination composition into the enclosed space; (b) dispersing the droplets throughout the enclosed space and maintaining an effective concentration of the decontamination composition in the enclosed space for a predetermined period of time.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective concentration is a concentration of the decontamination composition in the enclosed space that is sufficient to reduce the bioburden of the target microorganisms in the enclosed space by 90.0% to 99.9% within the period of time.

3. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective concentration is a concentration of the decontamination composition in the enclosed space that is sufficient to reduce the target microorganisms in the enclosed space by 1 log to 6 log within the period of time.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective concentration is a concentration of the decontamination composition in the enclosed space that is sufficient to improve the surface cleanliness of the enclosed space to meet an acceptance standard for relative light units (RLU) as measured by an ATP bioluminescence assay.

5. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the enclosed space is an aircraft cabin, an enclosed space located in a mass rapid transit system, or an enclosed room.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the droplet size is in the range of 2 microns to 40 microns.

7. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the decontamination agent composition contains at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, potassium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and potassium dichloroisocyanurate.

8. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective concentration is in the range of 10 ppm to 40 ppm.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the period of time is in the range of 15 seconds to 360 minutes.

10. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the enclosed space is an aircraft cabin having the same or substantially the same configuration as a cabin of a Boeing aircraft or an Airbus aircraft.

11. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the decontamination agent composition is a hypochlorous acid-based decontamination agent composition, the effective concentration of the decontamination agent composition is 10 to 40 ppm, and the period of time is 15 to 30 minutes.

12. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the enclosed space is a closed room having a size of about 1,500 cubic feet to about 10,000 cubic feet.

13. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the enclosed space is an enclosed space located in a rapid mass transit system having the same or substantially the same configuration as a train compartment within a model Metro Cammell EMU (DC) (M-Train), Adtranz-CAF EMU, Rotem EMU, CNR Changchun EMU (C-Train), SP1900 / 1950 EMU, Metro Cammell EMU (AC), Hyundai Rotem EMU (R-Stock), or light rail rolling stock.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the droplets are substantially uniform in size.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multiple droplets are dispersed by jetting or spraying.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multiple droplets are dispersed into the enclosed space continuously or non-continuously during the period of time.

17. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target microorganism is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, spores, lichens, fungi, protozoa, virinos, viroids, viruses, phages, and algae.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein ventilation of air within the enclosed space is restricted.

19. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the dispersal of the multiple droplets is achieved and controlled by an aerosol generating device located within the enclosed space.

20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of removing organic matter and obstructing objects within said enclosed space prior to said sparging step.

21. The following steps after the start of the spreading step: (a) detecting the concentration of the active ingredient of the decontamination composition in the enclosed space at regular intervals or continuously during the dispersing step; (b) comparing the detected concentration to a predetermined target concentration of the active ingredient of the decontamination agent composition; and (c) ceasing said dispensing step for at least five minutes when said detected concentration achieves a value equal to or greater than said predetermined target concentration; The method of claim 1 further comprising:

22. A decontamination robot, (a) a chassis; (b) at least two wheels, one of the wheels being disposed on one side of the chassis and another of the wheels being disposed on another side of the chassis; and (c) a decontamination module configured to dispense a decontamination agent to the surrounding area; (d) a power supply module configured to provide energy for operating the robot; and Equipped with A decontamination robot, the robot having an elongated body and adapted to automatically dispense a decontamination agent to a confined space.

23. The decontamination module comprises: (a) a fluid tank configured to store at least one decontamination fluid; (b) a pumping system configured to drive movement of the decontamination fluid within the robot; and (c) a mist generation system configured to generate droplets of the decontamination agent; (d) a dispenser configured to dispense the droplets of decontamination agent from the robot to its surroundings; (e) a flow control module configured to control a flow rate and a direction of the droplets of the decontamination agent; The decontamination robot of claim 22 .

24. 24. The decontamination robot of claim 23, wherein the misting system comprises one or more misting elements configured to transform the decontamination liquid into fine droplets.

25. 24. The decontamination robot of claim 23, wherein the misting system generates the droplets of decontamination agent by ultrasonic means, electrostatic means, or a combination thereof.

26. 24. The decontamination robot of claim 23, wherein the droplets are in the range of 2 microns to 10 microns in size.

27. 24. The decontamination robot of claim 23, wherein at least 95% of the population of droplets generated have substantially the same size.

28. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the robot is capable of generating droplets of decontamination agent that cover a cross-sectional area of ​​at least 3 meters by 2.5 meters.

29. The decontamination robot of claim 22 , wherein the dispenser is detachable from the robot.

30. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the rate of dispersal of the decontamination agent droplets is adjustable.

31. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, further comprising an identification module configured to identify and track the decontamination agent.

32. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the robot further comprises a handle on one side of the chassis.

33. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the power supply module comprises at least one replaceable battery.

34. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the robot further comprises one or more locking means on one or more sides of the chassis, the one or more locking means configured to mate with one or more complementary components on one or more straps, such that a user can carry the robot on his or her body via the one or more straps.

35. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the weight of the robot is in the range of about 10 kg to about 15 kg.

36. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, wherein the decontamination robot has a width of 34 cm or less.

37. 23. The decontamination robot of claim 22, further comprising a communications module configured to connect the robot to a remote computer system or external device and to receive instructions from the remote computer system or external device.

38. The decontamination robot is an autonomous robot, (a) one or more motors configured to drive the wheels; (b) one or more sensors configured to receive signals related to the surrounding environment; and (c) a navigation system configured to guide the robot to navigate autonomously; and The decontamination robot of claim 22 further comprising:

39. 40. The decontamination robot of claim 38, wherein the navigation system is a computer system configured to receive and process signals from the sensors and to generate one or more commands that control navigation and / or operation of the robot.

40. 40. The decontamination robot of claim 38, wherein the robot has a tolerance distance of at least 20 mm to the left of its center and at least 20 mm to the right of its center.

41. The robot comprises: (a) Rotating 360 degrees on the spot; (b) maneuvering around tight corners; and (c) climbing 15 degrees; 40. The decontamination robot of claim 38, wherein the decontamination robot is capable of one or more of the following:

42. 1. An atomization system for transforming a liquid into droplets, comprising: (a) a housing for holding at least one liquid; (b) one or more atomization elements configured to transform the liquid into droplets; (c) at least one outlet that allows the droplets to travel from the housing to an exterior of the housing; The atomization system comprises:

43. 43. The fogging system of claim 42, wherein the housing comprises one or more chambers for holding one or more types of decontamination agents.

44. 43. The atomization system of claim 42, wherein the atomization system transforms the liquid into droplets by ultrasonic means, electrostatic means, or a combination thereof.

45. 43. The nebulization system of claim 42, wherein the nebulization element is an ultrasonic transducer.

46. 43. The atomization system of claim 42, wherein the atomization element comprises an atomization surface and a generator configured to induce vibration of the atomization surface, such that the liquid breaks up into droplets when it contacts the atomization surface.

47. 43. The atomization system of claim 42, wherein the atomization element comprises a probe through which the liquid can flow and a generator configured at a tip of the probe to cause vibration of the probe, the liquid breaking up into droplets when it contacts the tip of the probe.

48. 43. The atomization system of claim 42, wherein the surface of the atomization element is coated with a plurality of negative ions or charged particles.

49. 43. The atomization system of claim 42, wherein the droplet size is in the range of 2 microns to 10 microns.

50. 43. The atomization system of claim 42, wherein at least 95% of the population of droplets produced have substantially the same size.

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