3D Spiral Heat Exchangers Using Flat, Curved, Angled, and Corrugated Plates

Abstract

A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger using flat, curved, angled, and corrugated plates includes: a set of three-dimensional spirals created by scaling and rotating a planar shape about a point to form at least two flow paths, each flow path having at least one inlet and one outlet, one located at the center of the heat exchanger and the other located on the outer shell of the heat exchanger; a pair of tubes connected to the first flow path; a pair of tubes connected to the second flow path; and a plurality of separator plates in the center of the heat exchanger.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Detailed description of the invention: The present invention relates to heat exchangers, and in particular to three-dimensional or multi-shell heat exchangers comprising at least two three-dimensional shells, one surrounding the other without intersecting the other. [Background technology]

[0002] Existing spiral heat exchangers consist of two flat plates bent into a spiral shape, with another plate in the center of the heat exchanger separating the two flow paths of the heat exchanger. In this type of heat exchanger, the two fluids do not mix. The shape of the main spiral is planar, and in fact, the spiral curve of the heat exchanger is extruded. In this document, this type of heat exchanger is called a planar heat exchanger.

[0003] In flat plate spiral heat exchangers, angled, curved, or convex plates can be used instead of flat plates (Figures 2 and 3). Flat plate spiral heat exchangers can be designed using angled plates (Figures 4 and 5). Spiral heat exchangers can be constructed using corrugated plates.

[0004] Spiral heat exchangers can be designed with two unequal flow passage volumes. Similarly, planar spiral heat exchangers using curved, bent, grooved, and corrugated plates can also be made with unequal flow passage volumes (Figures 10-18).

[0005] 1-18 relate to prior art or minor modifications of existing heat exchangers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This Summary of the Invention disclosed herein is intended to provide an overview of the inventive subject matter and is not intended to identify essential or critical elements of the subject matter or to delineate the scope of the claimed embodiments.

[0007] 3D spiral heat exchangers using flat, curved, angled, and corrugated plates include:

[0008] A collection of nested shell surfaces in which a two-dimensional shape is scaled to a point and simultaneously rotated about a helix axis to form a three-dimensional helix. There are at least two flow paths, each flow path having at least one inlet and one outlet, one of which is located at the center of the heat exchanger and the other of which is located on the shell. A pair of tubes connected to the first flow path, a pair of tubes connected to the second flow path, and a plurality of separator plates at the center of the heat exchanger. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] The illustrations in this document are for illustrative purposes and are not limiting.

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 shows a spiral heat exchanger that already exists as prior art.

[0011] [Diagram 2] 1 illustrates the use of curved plates to form a planar spiral heat exchanger.

[0012] [Diagram 3] A cross-sectional view of a flat spiral heat exchanger using bent plates is shown.

[0013] [Figure 4] 2 shows a spiral heat exchanger using angled plates.

[0014] [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a spiral heat exchanger using angled plates.

[0015] [Figure 6] A spiral heat exchanger using corrugated plates is shown.

[0016] [Figure 7] A cross-sectional view of a spiral heat exchanger using corrugated plates is shown.

[0017] [Figure 8] A spiral heat exchanger with two unequal flow paths is shown.

[0018] [Figure 9] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a planar spiral heat exchanger with two unequal flow paths.

[0019] [Figure 10] A spiral heat exchanger with a curved plate and two unequal flow passages with different volumes is shown.

[0020] [Figure 11] A cross-section of a spiral heat exchanger with curved plates and two unequal flow paths is shown.

[0021] [Figure 12] A flat spiral heat exchanger with a curved plate and two unequal flow passage volumes is shown.

[0022] [Figure 13] A spiral heat exchanger with angled plates and two unequal flow passages is shown.

[0023] [Figure 14] A planar spiral heat exchanger with an angled plate in a cut state and two unequal flow passage volumes is shown.

[0024] [Figure 15] A planar spiral heat exchanger with angled plates and two unequal flow passage volumes is shown.

[0025] [Figure 16] A flat spiral heat exchanger with a corrugated plate and two unequal flow passages is shown.

[0026] [Figure 17] A spiral heat exchanger with corrugated plates and two unequal flow passage volumes is shown.

[0027] [Figure 18]A cross-sectional view of a flat spiral heat exchanger with a corrugated plate and two unequal flow passage volumes is shown.

[0028] [Figure 19] A triangle and a hexagon are shown as reference shapes for creating a three-dimensional spiral shell.

[0029] [Figure 20] 1 shows a semicircular reference shape for forming a three-dimensional spiral shell.

[0030] [Figure 21] A three-dimensional helical shell with a triangular reference shape and a three-dimensional helical shell nested within it are shown.

[0031] [Figure 22] A three-dimensional helical shell with a hexagonal reference shape and a three-dimensional helical shell nested within it are shown.

[0032] [Figure 23] FIG. 24 shows a three-dimensional spiral shell having a special reference shape and a three-dimensional spiral shell nested therein.

[0033] [Figure 24] The reference geometry that led to the creation of the special three-dimensional helical shell of FIG. 23 is shown.

[0034] [Diagram 25] Shown is a plane spiral and half of a semicircle that is scaled by rotating around the spiral center.

[0035] [Figure 26] A spherical helical shell without axial tubes and a spherical helical shell with axial tubes (right) are shown.

[0036] [Figure 27] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a doubly nested spherical spiral wall forming the wall of a spherical spiral heat exchanger.

[0037] [Figure 28] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a wall of a spherical spiral heat exchanger.

[0038] [Figure 29] 1 shows the use of a separator sheet in the center of the heat exchanger to create two separate paths.

[0039] [Diagram 30] A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger is shown with a first input path into the center of the sphere and another fluid input into the other channel of the sphere.

[0040] [Diagram 31] The base spiral and the rotation and scale of an ellipse about the center of the base spiral are shown.

[0041] [Diagram 32] A spiral and a semi-ellipse tangent to it are shown.

[0042] [Diagram 33] Shown is a cross-section and complete view of the elliptical shell of the lens.

[0043] [Diagram 34] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a wall of a spiral heat exchanger.

[0044] [Diagram 35] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a lenticular spiral heat exchanger wall.

[0045] [Diagram 36] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a wall of a lenticular spiral heat exchanger.

[0046] [Figure 37] 1 shows the wall of a lenticular spiral heat exchanger.

[0047] [Figure 38] 1 shows the wall of a lenticular spiral heat exchanger.

[0048] [Figure 39] A semi-ellipse and a helical plate are shown, centered on the helical center and tangent to the helical plane.

[0049] [Diagram 40] 1 shows an elliptical spiral shell.

[0050] [Diagram 41] An elliptical spiral heat exchanger is shown.

[0051] [Diagram 42] FIG. 2 shows a top view of an elliptical spiral heat exchanger.

[0052] [Diagram 43] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an elliptical spiral heat exchanger.

[0053] [Diagram 44] 1 shows a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a reference geometry having broken lines.

[0054] [Diagram 45] 1 shows a cross section of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a reference geometry having a broken line.

[0055] [Figure 46] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a broken line as a reference shape.

[0056] [Figure 47] 1 shows a spiral three-dimensional heat exchanger with a rectangular reference shape.

[0057] [Figure 48] FIG. 1 shows a cutaway view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a rectangular reference shape.

[0058] [Figure 49] An example of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a reference shape that combines straight lines and curves is shown.

[0059] [Figure 50]An example of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a reference shape that combines straight lines and curves is shown.

[0060] [Figure 51] 1 shows the change in the reference shape of a space spiral as it rotates around an axis.

[0061] [Figure 52] 1 shows a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger in a position where bends are used instead of line connections at acute angles.

[0062] [Diagram 53] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger in a position where bends are used instead of line connections at acute angles.

[0063] [Figure 54] A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger is shown.

[0064] [Figure 55] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a distorted shell.

[0065] [Figure 56] 1 shows a spherical helical shell in a cut state.

[0066] [Figure 57] A cross-sectional view of two nested spherical shells with a phase difference of 90° is shown.

[0067] [Figure 58] A spherical spiral heat exchanger with two flow passages of unequal volumes is shown.

[0068] [Figure 59] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a parabolic spiral heat exchanger with two flow passages having different volumes.

[0069] [Figure 60] A cross-section of a heat exchanger with a shell phase difference of 90° is shown.

[0070] [Figure 61] A spiral heat exchanger with two flow passages of unequal volumes is shown.

[0071] [Figure 62] 1 shows the connection of an axial tube and two flow passages in a lenticular spiral heat exchanger with two unequal flow passage volumes.

[0072] [Figure 63] An egg-shaped spiral heat exchanger with two flow passages of unequal volumes is shown.

[0073] [Figure 64] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an elliptical spiral heat exchanger.

[0074] [Figure 65] 1 shows how to connect axial pipes in an elliptical heat exchanger.

[0075] [Figure 66] A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with two unequal flow paths and a dashed reference geometry is shown.

[0076] [Figure 67] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger showing two unequal flow passage volumes and a dashed reference geometry.

[0077] [Figure 68] A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger is shown with two unequal flow paths and multiple tubes connected to the outer shell of the heat exchanger.

[0078] [Figure 69] A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger is shown in which the diameters of the two axial tubes are unequal.

[0079] [Figure 70] A three-dimensional heat exchanger is shown in which one of the channels exchanges fluid directly (without tubes) with the environment.

[0080] [Figure 71]A diagram of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger is shown, in which one of the channels exchanges fluid directly (without tubes) with the environment at the end of the shell.

[0081] [Figure 72] The figure shows how multiple pipes are connected to the center of each flow path.

[0082] [Figure 73] An integrated spiral heat exchanger is shown, which combines a three-dimensional spiral and a flat spiral heat exchanger.

[0083] [Figure 74] This shows an integrated spiral heat exchanger (a combination of a three-dimensional spiral and a planar spiral) in which the center of the heat exchanger is formed by a cut tube and a separator plate.

[0084] [Figure 75] A spiral heat exchanger is shown, which is a combination of two flow passages with different volumes (a combination of a three-dimensional spiral and a flat spiral heat exchanger).

[0085] [Figure 76] A cross-sectional view of an integrated spiral heat exchanger (a combination of a three-dimensional spiral and a planar spiral heat exchanger) with two flow paths with different volumes is shown.

[0086] [Figure 77] A duct connected to a heat exchanger for removing distilled fluid from the internal flow path is shown.

[0087] [Figure 78] 1 shows a heat exchanger with distillation tubes.

[0088] [Figure 79] 1 shows an integrated heat exchanger with duct connections for removing distilled fluids.

[0089] [Figure 80] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a combined spiral heat exchanger for distillation.

[0090] [Figure 81] Tubes connected to a heat exchanger to remove evaporated fluid are shown.

[0091] [Figure 82] 1 illustrates the use of different blade types in a spherical spiral heat exchanger.

[0092] [Figure 83] Shown is the connection of two nested pipes from the top of the heat exchanger to inject the two reactive fluids into the center of the heat exchanger.

[0093] [Figure 84] The use of two inlet pipes on the outer shell for one flow path and two axially nested pipes for the other flow path are shown.

[0094] [Figure 85] A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with design modifications on the axial tube sides is shown.

[0095] [Figure 86] 1 shows a helical plate-to-plate heat exchanger with an elongated helix.

[0096] [Figure 88] FIG. 1 shows a front view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with elongated spirals.

[0097] [Figure 89] 1 shows perspective views of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger without a separator plate and a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a separator plate.

[0098] [Figure 90] It shows a spiral divided into four unequal spiral sections, connected by straight lines.

[0099] [Figure 91] A three-dimensional helical heat exchanger with helices extending in two directions is shown.

[0100] [Figure 92] A cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with spirals extending in two directions is shown.

[0101] [Figure 93] A cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with spirals extending in two directions is shown.

[0102] [Figure 94] The cross-section of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with curves stretched in two directions and a semi-elliptical reference shape is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0103] Description of the Preferred Embodiments of the Invention A 3D helical shell consists of a collection of nested shell surfaces that have a helical shape in three dimensions.

[0104] To form the three-dimensional spiral, two-dimensional shapes (triangles, rectangles, squares, half hexagons, semicircles, semi-ellipses, semi-parabolas, and other reference shapes) are scaled relative to the points, thereby making them larger or smaller, while simultaneously rotating around the axis of the base spiral.

[0105] Reference geometry for a three-dimensional helical shell:

[0106] If the side parallel to the axis of rotation is at the shortest distance from the axis of rotation or is on the axis of rotation, the reference shape for forming the three-dimensional helical shell is obtained by completely removing that side (Figures 19 and 20).

[0107] A three-dimensional helical shell is defined as follows:

[0108] The geometric location of a point in space formed by the simultaneous rotation and scaling of a reference shape, where the rotation is about an axis of rotation (the helix axis) and the scaling (shrinking or enlarging the reference shape) is relative to the reference point.

[0109] Scaling a 2D shape around a reference point:

[0110] The distance of every point on the reference shape from the reference point is multiplied by a constant value to form a new point in the same direction.

[0111] In Figure 19, the reference shape for forming the three-dimensional spiral shell consists of two sides of a triangle. The lower side on the axis of rotation is not shown. The horizontal dashed line indicates the axis of rotation.

[0112] The dashed line (10) represents the reference (base) shape.

[0113] The dotted line shows the reference shape after it has been rotated 360 degrees and scaled around the reference point, which is indicated by a (+) in the diagram.

[0114] The two-dimensional shape is scaled relative to the reference point at each rotation, so that the dashed lines 20 and 30 at angles of 360 degrees and 720 degrees are simultaneously scaled relative to the base shape and the reference point.

[0115] Dashed lines 40 and 50 are similar to the reference shape, rotated 180 degrees and 540 degrees, respectively, and scaled relative to the reference point.

[0116] These lines are scaled proportionally to the helix radius at the same angle of rotation, and are therefore smaller than the original dashed line (line 1).

[0117] These lines are rotated 180 and 540 degrees relative to the original dotted lines, so their orientation is reversed relative to the reference shape. In Figure 19, a half hexagonal reference shape is shown. The above procedure is repeated for the hexagonal reference shape.

[0118] The lower edge of this hexagon is removed since it lies on the helix axis.

[0119] The above procedure is repeated for the hexagonal reference shape.

[0120] The scale applied to each rotation angle is obtained using the following method:

[0121] Ratio of the spiral radius at any angle to the initial spiral radius (the spiral radius at angle 0)

[0122] (The helical radii at angles 0, 360, and 720 are in the same direction but are not equal.) In these images, the wireframes of the 2D shape and the 3D helical shell, as well as the two nested 3D helical shells associated with each shape, are shown in Figures 20-23. In this heat exchanger, the fluids do not come into contact and heat exchange between the two fluids occurs through the walls.

[0123] FIG. 24 shows the reference geometry that led to the creation of the special three-dimensional helical shell of FIG.

[0124] If the reference shape for forming a three-dimensional spiral shell is a parabola, the following sequence can be used to form a three-dimensional parabolic spiral heat exchanger:

[0125] The 3D parabolic spiral heat exchanger is actually a type of 3D spiral heat exchanger that consists of the following parts:

[0126] a) A pair of nested three-dimensional spiral shells as the walls of a heat exchanger;

[0127] b) A central separator in the heat exchanger that completely separates the two flow paths;

[0128] c) a pipe connected to the center of the heat exchanger;

[0129] d) A pipe connected to the shell of the heat exchanger; in other embodiments the fluid directly contacts the medium at the end of its path.

[0130] Three-dimensional heat exchangers of other shapes (square, hexagon, triangle, etc.) can be formed by using a pair of three-dimensional spiral shells whose reference shape is not parabolic (triangle, hexagon, square, or other non-parabolic shape), nesting these shells as the walls of the heat exchanger, and similarly following other steps.

[0131] If the reference shape of the three-dimensional helical shell is a semicircle or a semi-ellipse, this can lead to spherical and elliptical helical shells. These are explained as follows:

[0132] Spherical spiral heat exchanger;

[0133] Elliptical spiral heat exchanger.

[0134] Spherical spiral heat exchanger wall:

[0135] In a two-dimensional spiral structure (Figure 25), if for each point on the spiral a semicircle perpendicular to the plane (the center of the semicircle is the same point as the center of the spiral) is placed tangent to the spiral curve, so that the semicircle intersects the spiral curve at a 90 degree angle (Figure 25), this leads to the formation of a shell called a spherical spiral shell (Figure 26). In this way, two nested spherical walls form a spherical spiral heat exchanger, with the radius of the spheres gradually increasing, creating a three-dimensional spiral.

[0136] The heat exchangers can be designed so that the volumes of both heat exchanger flow paths are equal, or vice versa.

[0137] The center of the spherical spiral heat exchanger can be split into two parts using curved or angled plates, or multiple plates connected to each other to create two completely separate paths. In Figure 27, an axial tube is cut and its lower part is connected to the center of the first path and its upper part is connected to the second path. Furthermore, plates 1, 2, and 3 completely separate the two paths, ensuring that no mixing of the fluids occurs. (Parts 1, 2, and 3 in Figures 27 and 28)

[0138] Each flow passage has at least one inlet and one outlet, one of which is located in the center of the heat exchanger and one of which is located on the shell.

[0139] The tubes connected to the center of each channel are directly connected to the outside of the sphere (Figure 28).

[0140] Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to a first flow passage, with tube 4 connected to the outer shell of the passage and tube 6 connected to the center of the passage. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to a second flow path, with tube 5 connected to the outer shell and tube 7 connected to the center of the same flow path.

[0141] Tube 4 is connected to the periphery of the first flow channel and tube 6 is connected to the center of this flow channel. Tube 5 is connected to the periphery of the second flow channel and tube 7 is connected to the center of this flow channel.

[0142] The separator plate consists of the central parts 1, 2, and 3 of the heat exchanger. This part can also be designed as a curve.

[0143] In the heat exchanger, plates 1, 2 and 3 are actually separator plates, preventing the two fluids from mixing.

[0144] In the above heat exchanger, there is one inlet or outlet in the center of the sphere and one in the outer shell for each of the two main flow paths. When the hot fluid enters one of the two paths, it comes into contact with a wall that is in contact with the cold fluid on the other side. Thus, the heat of the hot fluid can be transferred through the wall to the cold fluid without any mixing of the fluids.

[0145] In each path, the cross-sectional area of ​​the passage through which the fluid flows decreases as it moves from the outer shell toward the center of the sphere. Figure 30 shows the paths of two fluids in a heat exchanger.

[0146] For greater efficiency, two flows in opposite directions can also be used, so that one fluid inlet is from the center of the sphere in the first channel, and the other fluid inlet is from the shell of the sphere in the other channel.

[0147] For each path, as the fluid moves from the center of the sphere towards the outer shell, the cross-sectional area of ​​the passage through which the flow passes increases. Thus, the velocity decreases as the fluid moves from the center of the sphere towards the outlet on the shell. The spherical construction of the heat exchanger allows it to withstand high pressures, making it suitable for cooling pressurized gases and liquefying gases.

[0148] Three-dimensional elliptical spiral heat exchangers are divided into two categories:

[0149] Lenticular spiral heat exchanger;

[0150] Oval spiral heat exchanger.

[0151] In addition to the physical characteristics, the built-in space for heat exchangers in a thermal cycle also justifies the construction of heat exchangers of various shapes.

[0152] Lenticular Spiral Heat Exchanger:

[0153] If the tangent point of the spiral is on the larger ellipse diameter, the resulting shell will be a lenticular shell as shown in Figures 31 and 32.

[0154] FIG. 31 shows the left side of the spiral heat exchanger, and FIG. 32 shows the spiral and the semi-ellipse tangent to the spiral.

[0155] In this type of heat exchanger, the center of the sphere can be divided into two parts using a similarly cut sheet or a cut pipe.

[0156] Oval spiral heat exchanger:

[0157] If the point of contact with the spiral (figures 32 and 33) is on the small diameter of the ellipse, an oval spiral results (figures 34 and 35).

[0158] The egg-shaped spiral heat exchanger consists of at least two nested egg-shaped spiral shells, with pipes connected to the beginning and end of each flow path, and a separator located in the center of the heat exchanger.

[0159] Similarly, a parabolic spiral shell, where the reference shape is a parabola rather than a semicircle or semiellipse, can be formed in the same manner and similarly used to form the walls of a parabolic spiral heat exchanger.

[0160] As shown in Figures 36, 37 and 38, tubes 4 and 6 are connected to a first flow path, with tube 4 connected to the outer shell of the flow path and tube 6 connected to the center of the flow path. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to a second flow path, with tube 5 connected to the outer shell and tube 7 connected to the center of the same flow path.

[0161] If the point of contact with the spiral (Figure 39) lies on an ellipse of smaller diameter (half of a truncated ellipse), an oval spiral results (Figures 39 and 40).

[0162] The egg-shaped spiral heat exchanger consists of two nested spiral shells, tubes connected to the beginning and end of each flow path, and a separator located in the center of the heat exchanger (Figs. 41, 42, 43). Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow path, tube 4 is connected to the outer shell of this flow path, tube 6 is connected to the center of the flow path. Tube 5 is connected to the second flow path, an axial tube is connected from the top to the center of this flow path. In this type of heat exchanger, the center of the heat exchanger can be divided into two parts using similarly cut pipes and sheets (plates 1, 2, 3).

[0163] Broken lines, curved lines, and distorted lines can also be used to design a combination spiral heat exchanger.

[0164] The axial pipes can also be used with different diameters, so that the diameters of the two axial pipes are not equal (Figs. 44, 45, 46). Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow path, tube 4 is connected to the outer shell of this flow path and tube 6 is connected to the center of the flow path. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to the second flow path, tube 5 is connected to the outer shell and tube 7 is connected to the center of the same flow path. In this type of heat exchanger, the center of the heat exchanger can be divided into two parts using cut pipes and a separator plate. In Fig. 46, plates 1, 2 and 3 are separator plates that prevent the two fluids from mixing. In the central shell of the first flow path, the upper half of tube 6 is cut, and in the central shell of the second flow path, the lower half of tube 7 is cut. The cut sides of both pipes continue to the inner wall of the shell along with plates 2 and 3.

[0165] Figure 47 shows a spiral three-dimensional heat exchanger with a rectangular reference shape. Figure 48 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with a rectangular reference shape.

[0166] Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to a first flow passage, with tube 4 connected to the outer shell of the passage and tube 6 connected to the center of the passage. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to a second flow path, with tube 5 connected to the outer shell and tube 7 connected to the center of the same flow path.

[0167] In Figures 47 and 48 plates 1, 2 and 3 are separator plates that prevent the two fluids from mixing. In the central shell of the first flow path the upper half of tube 6 is cut off and in the central shell of the second flow path the lower half of tube 7 is cut off. The cut sides of both tubes extend through plates 2 and 3 to the inner wall of the shell.

[0168] A spiral heat exchanger can be designed from a reference shape using a combination of straight and curved lines. (Figures 49 and 50) Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow path, tube 4 is connected to the outer shell of this flow path and tube 6 is connected to the center of the flow path. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to the second flow path, tube 5 is connected to the outer shell and tube 7 is connected to the center of the same flow path. In Figure 50, plates 1, 2 and 3 are separators that prevent the two fluids from mixing. In the central shell of the first flow path, the upper half of tube 6 is cut, and in the central shell of the second flow path, the lower half of tube 7 is cut. The cut sides of both tubes continue to the inner wall of the shell with plates 2 and 3.

[0169] A spiral heat exchanger can be constructed so that the reference shape is deformed simultaneously with rotation around the axis, as shown in Figure 51. Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow path, tube 4 is connected to the outer shell of this flow path and tube 6 is connected to the center of the flow path. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to the second flow path, tube 5 is connected to the outer shell and tube 7 is connected to the center of the same flow path. Plates 1, 2, 3 are separator plates that prevent the two fluids from mixing. In the central shell of the first flow path, the upper half of tube 6 is cut, and in the central shell of the second flow path, the lower half of tube 7 is cut. The cut sides of both tubes continue to the inner wall of the shell along with plates 2 and 3.

[0170] As shown in Figure 53, straight lines and curves can be used to avoid sharp angles in the shell. Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow path, tube 4 is connected to the shell of this flow path and tube 6 is connected to the center of the flow path. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to the second flow path, tube 5 is connected to the shell and tube 7 is connected to the center of the same flow path. In the figure, plates 1, 2 and 3 are separator plates that prevent the two fluids from mixing. In the central shell of the first flow path, the upper half of tube 6 is cut off, and in the central shell of the second flow path, the lower half of tube 7 is cut off. The cut sides of both tubes continue to the inner wall of the shell along with plates 2 and 3.

[0171] A three-dimensional helical shell can be designed with corrugations, as seen in Figure 54. In this case, the reference shape must have a contour line.

[0172] In all three-dimensional spiral heat exchangers, the nested shells can be arranged to create two unequal flow paths with different volumes.

[0173] To create a heat exchanger with equal flow volume, the second shell must be oriented 180 degrees out of phase with an axis perpendicular to the coil plates and passing through the center of the coil.

[0174] To create a heat exchanger with unequal (unequal and uneven) flow passages of equal volume, a second spiral shell similar to the first must be placed at a phase difference other than 180 degrees relative to the first. Inner or outer layers can then be cut or added as needed (Figure 57).

[0175] Tubes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow channel, with tube 4 connected to the outer shell of this flow channel and tube 6 connected to the center of the flow channel. Tubes 5 and 7 are connected to the second flow channel, with tube 5 connected to the outer shell and tube 7 connected to the center of the same flow channel. In the figure, plates 1, 2 and 3 are separators that prevent the two fluids from mixing. In the central shell of the first flow channel, the front half of tube 6 is cut off, and in the central shell of the second flow channel, the rear half of tube 7 is cut off. The cut sides of both tubes continue to the inner wall of the shell with plates 2 and 3.

[0176] Similarly, other heat exchangers, parabolic three-dimensional spirals (lenticular ellipses, egg-shaped ellipses), and three-dimensional spirals with broken or wavy lines can also use phase difference methods other than 180 degrees to create two flow passages with different volumes. A three-dimensional lenticular (concave) heat exchanger with two unequal flow passage volumes is shown in Figures 61 and 62.

[0177] Similarly, a parabolic spiral shell, where the reference shape is a parabola rather than a semicircle or semiellipse, can be formed in the same manner and used to form parabolic spiral heat exchanger walls of unequal volume.

[0178] Similar to the previous method, three-dimensional heat exchangers (squares, hexagons, triangles, etc.) can also be formed by using three-dimensional spiral shells whose reference shape is not parabolic (triangles, hexagons, squares, other non-parabolic shapes), nesting these shells as the walls of the heat exchanger, and following other steps similarly.

[0179] In a spiral heat exchanger, it is not necessary for both axial pipes to have the same diameter, and it is also possible to use multiple tubes on the shell of the heat exchanger for each flow path.

[0180] As shown in Figures 70 and 71, instead of a tube connecting to the shell, the end of the channel connecting to the shell can be left open and in direct contact with the surrounding fluid (in air, water, or in a fluid chamber).

[0181] The heat exchanger can be designed so that the larger flow path exchanges fluid directly with the environment, or both flow paths exchange fluid directly with a different environment (one open flow path in contact with room air and the other open flow path in contact with outside air to recycle some of the heat energy before ventilation).

[0182] Other central pipes may also be connected to the center of the heat exchanger, and their direction does not have to be parallel to the central pipe (Figure 72).

[0183] The purpose is to use the tubes to move fluid from the center of the heat exchanger to the outside of the heat exchanger or from the outside of the heat exchanger to the center.

[0184] A spiral heat exchanger can be designed as a combination of both planar and spiral types. The design of this type of heat exchanger is such that a planar heat exchanger and a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with the same spiral can be cut and connected to each other (Figure 73).

[0185] This type of heat exchanger, like other types of heat exchangers, can be designed with unequal flow paths (Figs. 75 and 76).

[0186] Figure 75 shows a spiral heat exchanger, which is a combination of two flow paths with different volumes (a combination of a three-dimensional spiral and a planar spiral heat exchanger). The center of the heat exchanger is formed by means of a cut tube and a separator plate.

[0187] Figure 76 shows a cross-section of an integrated spiral heat exchanger (a combination of a three-dimensional spiral and a planar spiral heat exchanger) with two flow passages with different volumes. The center of the heat exchanger is formed by means of a cut pipe and a separator plate.

[0188] Spiral heat exchangers can also be used for condensation, distillation, boiling, and evaporation of fluids. If you want to use a 3D spiral heat exchanger for distillation, you can connect a tube to the bottom of the outer shell of one of the flow paths and use this tube to remove the distilled fluid. (Figures 77 and 78) This kind of design allows the heat exchanger to be used for distillation and separation of multiphase fluids.

[0189] The fluid (which may be multiphase) enters the first flow passage in gaseous form through tube 6 (the lower tube) and is cooled by contact with the wall. The distilled part of the fluid leaves through opening 8 and the other gaseous part through tube 4 (pipe 4 can be connected to the same shell at a slightly higher level). If the lower tube is connected to the shell of another conduit flow passage, the fluid (which may be multiphase) can be led from the shell to the flow passage, so that part of the distilled fluid leaves through the tube connected to the lower flow passage and part in gaseous form through the upper axial tube. The distillation tubes can also be connected to a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger with unequal volumes.

[0190] A gaseous fluid (which may be multiphase) enters the first flow path through the inlet duct 6 and is cooled by contact with the wall. Part of the distilled fluid leaves through the outlet 8 and another part through the opening 4. The distillation method in a space spiral heat exchanger can be used as a distillation tray. If the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, a tube can be connected to the top of the outer shell of one of the flow paths and this tube can be used to remove the evaporated fluid.

[0191] Parabolic spiral heat exchangers can have blades for greater thermal efficiency in some flow regimes, higher pressure resistance, or higher pressure drop in one or both flow paths.

[0192] The blades can be in the form of hills or valleys, connect two walls like columns, or direct the flow of fluids into a part of the heat exchanger. It is also possible to have a wire network in one of the flow paths (for example, if you want to take into account surface evaporation in one of the flow paths, or have a wire network in a still for better distillation and foam prevention). If you want to have a reaction in one of the flow paths (such as combustion in a boiler), you need to inject more than one fluid into each flow path. For this, you can add several pipes to each inlet or outlet flow path. (Figure 83)

[0193] In the design of a three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger, a portion of the axial tubes of each flow passage is in contact with the same flow passage. Resolving this issue will improve the thermal performance of the heat exchanger, so these portions can be insulated or the design of adjacent three-dimensional spirals can be modified. To achieve this, the side of one three-dimensional spiral shell is bent upwards and the side of the other three-dimensional spiral shell is bent downwards. (Figure 85)

[0194] Other types of spirals such as Archimedean, logarithmic, Fibonacci, etc. can also be used in designing heat exchangers. The main shape of the spiral can also be designed such that the stride of the curves on the inner layers is greater than on the outer layers. In many cases, the shape of the heat exchanger must be compatible with the space in which it is installed in order to use the maximum possible volume of the desired space for heat transfer. Hence, nested shells with straight lines can also be used to form a spiral heat exchanger. (Figure 81)

[0195] In the relevant diagram of this embodiment, pipes 4 and 6 are connected to the first flow path, and pipes 5 and 7 are connected to the second flow path. A separator plate 1 also prevents the two fluids from mixing. To enclose the spiral heat exchanger, the main spiral can be drawn in both directions.

[0196] In the diagram associated with this type of design, pipes 4 and 6 are connected to a first flow path, and pipes 5 and 7 are connected to a second flow path. Different reference shapes such as curved, broken, or distorted lines can be used to design this type of heat exchanger.

[0197] To create a spiral heat exchanger using curved or angled plates, the plates can be angled, bent or warped in a first step and then bent into a spiral direction.

[0198] To create a three-dimensional helical heat exchanger, the shell can be divided into different parts. For example, if the helical shell is the result of a 720 degree rotation on a helix, the shell can be divided into parts with a shape of 180 degrees each. For example, the first part of the helical shape is from 0 to 180 degrees, the second part is from 180 to 360 degrees, the third part is from 360 to 540 degrees, and the fourth part is from 540 to 720 degrees.

[0199] By designing different parts of the shell, they can be produced with different manufacturing methods, including 3D printing, rapid prototyping, casting and milling.

[0200] Various pressing methods, including deep drawing, can also be used to produce one-piece parts. It is also possible to split each section into two or more sections, with a side section acting as a deep die for each new section. Presses can also be used to cut and bend sheets to create volumetric expansion methods.

[0201] Finally, after producing all the parts and components, the whole heat exchanger is made by assembling them. First, the center of the sphere and the separation plate are made, then the small parts of both shells are placed in the center of the sphere and welded, and similarly welded from the small part to the larger part. The last stage is to install the pipes connected to the shells, connect the centrifuge to the heat exchanger if necessary, and finally add soundproof walls around the heat exchanger and install the air inlet and outlet walls.

[0202] One application of heat exchangers is to use them to exchange heat with a surrounding fluid. They can be used for this purpose by leaving one of the channels completely open or by providing openings in the outer shell to guide the flow. In this case, they can be used as a replacement for radiators in transportation, where the air flow is guided through the heat exchanger by the movement of the vehicle.

[0203] To introduce more fluid into the inlet channel, openings can be installed to guide more flow into the heat exchanger. If the purpose is to exchange fluid with the air in a room or building, a centrifuge can be installed next to the heat exchanger to create suction at the outlet of the axial tubes and generate a flow in the heat exchanger (due to the pressure drop in this type of heat exchanger, the use of a centrifuge is suitable for this purpose). If this type of radiator is used in a building, it can be covered with a chamber. In this case, the passage of the pipes that transport the fluid from the central heating and cooling system to the heat exchanger is installed in the chamber wall.

[0204] In this case, the walls of the heat exchanger can also have sound absorbing properties, and sound absorbing walls can be installed at the inlet and outlet of the fluid.

[0205] This design can also be used in thermal cycles, where the hot water inlet to the heat exchanger is intended to dissipate heat from a special device (cooling various types of heat sinks, electronic devices, motors, industrial equipment).

[0206] This kind of heat exchanger can be used in heat generation, heat transfer and energy recovery in thermal cycles, for example in refineries, petrochemicals, power plants, metal production and operations, dryers, condensers, distillers, as heat exchangers, condensers, distillers, reactors, evaporators, boilers.

[0207] To design a heat exchanger to withstand higher pressures and at the same time keep its mass as low as possible, one can define unequal wall thicknesses in different parts of the pipe or tube or use composite structures for this purpose: for example, the outer shell of the heat exchanger can be made thicker and made of composite materials.

[0208] Manufacturing method

[0209] 3D printing technology can be used to create these types of heat exchangers. Molding methods can also be used to cast the heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the method is to first build the core of the heat exchanger (two tubes in one direction and another separating sheet). Then, two sheets connected to both sides (top and bottom) of the separating sheet are wrapped around the tube, and at the same time the metal sheet is twisted on the tube, which forms a parabolic spiral, and the excess part of the sheet is cut off, and then the side is welded to the tube. Finally, depending on the application of the heat exchanger, one or more pipes are connected to the other opening of the flow passage on the shell, or in some cases the opening can be in direct contact with the environment without additional pipes.

[0210] Instead of tubes connecting to the shell, the ends of the flow channels that connect to the shell can be left open and in direct contact with another fluid (in air, water, or in a fluid chamber). Instead of having tubes on the shell, the heat exchanger exchanges fluid directly with an external medium.

[0211] The tube 4 is connected to the center of the second flow channel, the outer shell of which can either exchange fluid directly with another fluid like the other flow channels of the same heat exchanger, or with an external medium using the tube.

[0212] It is possible to use multiple tubes on the shell of the heat exchanger for each flow path. Direct fluid exchange with the environment can be used for either flow path. Another central tube can also be connected to the center of the heat exchanger, and its direction does not have to be parallel to the axial tubes. The purpose is to use the tubes to move fluid from the center of the heat exchanger to the outside of the heat exchanger, or from the outside of the heat exchanger to the center of the heat exchanger. Advantageous Effects of the Invention The unique design offers greater flexibility for optimization of fluid velocity, pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient. The nested structure of the heat exchanger allows it to withstand high pressures, making it suitable for cooling pressurized gases and liquefying gases. One application of heat exchangers is to use them to exchange heat with a surrounding fluid. They can be used for this purpose by leaving one flow path completely open or by providing openings in the outer shell to guide the flow. This type of heat exchanger can be used for heat production, heat transfer and energy recovery in thermal cycles.

Claims

1. 3D spiral heat exchangers using flat, curved, angled, and corrugated plates, including: at least two tubes (4 and 6) connected to a first flow path, which is a collection of nested shells, and a three-dimensional helix is ​​formed by simultaneously scaling the reference shape and rotating it about the axis of the base helix, forming at least two three-dimensional flow paths, each flow path having at least one inlet and one outlet, one of which is located at the center of the heat exchanger and the other of which is located on the shell of the heat exchanger; At least two tubes 5 and 7 connected to the second flow path, and a number of separator plates (1, 2 and 3) in the centre of the heat exchanger.

2. 2. A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein by entering one of the two flow paths, the hot fluid comes into contact with the wall of the shell, which in turn comes into contact with the cold fluid from the other side.

3. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, further comprising an opening (8).

4. 2. A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein two flows in opposite directions are used, one fluid inlet in the first channel is from the centre of the sphere and the other fluid inlet is from the shell of the sphere in the other channel.

5. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein in each flow passage, the cross-sectional area of ​​the path through which the fluid flows increases as the fluid moves from the center of the sphere toward the outer shell.

6. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the basic shape is a semicircle, forming a three-dimensional spherical spiral heat exchanger.

7. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the reference shape is a parabola, forming a three-dimensional parabolic spiral heat exchanger.

8. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the reference shape is a hexagon.

9. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the reference shape is a triangle.

10. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the reference shape is a combination of straight lines and curved lines.

11. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the reference shape deforms simultaneously with rotation about the axis.

12. 12. A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger according to claims 1 and 11, wherein the straight lines and curved lines of the reference shape are arranged so as to avoid creating sharp angles on the outer shell.

13. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the nested shells are arranged to create two unequal flow paths having different volumes.

14. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the ends of the flow channels that connect to the shell are left open and allow direct contact with the surrounding fluid.

15. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the larger flow passages exchange fluid directly with the environment.

16. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein both flow paths directly exchange fluid with a different environment.

17. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, which is a combination of both a planar spiral heat exchanger and a three-dimensional heat exchanger.

18. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, used for condensing a fluid.

19. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, used for distillation.

20. 2. A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger according to claim 1, used for evaporation.

21. 2. A three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the fluid enters the first flow path from tube 6 (bottom tube) in gaseous form and is cooled by contact with the walls.

22. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein each shell has blades for higher thermal efficiency.

23. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein a wire network is used in one of the flow paths of the heat exchanger.

24. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the spiral is in the form of an Archimedes spiral.

25. 2. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the spiral is in the form of a Fibonacci spiral.

26. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the size of the curve step of the spiral of the inner layer is larger than that of the outer layer.

27. 10. The three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional spiral heat exchanger is manufactured using 3D printing technology.

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