Macauba oil for the production of oleochemical products

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a fatty alcohol composition, comprising the step of converting oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) into a fatty alcohol composition. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a fatty alcohol composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) and its use in suitable applications.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a fatty alcohol composition, comprising the step of converting oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) into a fatty alcohol composition. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a fatty alcohol composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) and its use in suitable applications. [Background technology]

[0002] Many oil-based products are derived from renewable materials such as oil palm (the main source of palm oil). While such an approach is advantageous since it stabilizes oil deposits, it also offers some drawbacks. One problem is the deforestation to plant, for example, oil palm plantations, which exacerbates current climate change. Deforestation further leads to an undesirable loss of biodiversity and loss of habitat for local tribes. Moreover, oil palm, in particular, thrives in tropical conditions and with a favorable temperature of about 24-28°C, a density of at least 100 mm / m 2 It requires about 100,000 liters of rain per month, and about 50-70% humidity. These factors limit the potential for profitable cultivation.

[0003] At the same time, the demand for renewable oils is increasing every year due to the increasing global consumption. Products derived from renewable oils are found in all important industrial sectors, such as food, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, or energy (biodiesel).

[0004] In this context, there is a continuing need for more environmentally friendly alternatives to known products derived from renewable oils such as palm oil. In particular, an object of the present invention was to provide a fatty alcohol composition with improved sustainability profile and properties, as well as an improved method for its production. Furthermore, an object of the present invention was to provide a fatty alcohol composition derived from a plant whose starting material is less sensitive to temperature fluctuations, as well as a method for its production. Furthermore, an object was to provide a surfactant with improved sustainability profile and properties, as well as an improved method for its production. Finally, an object was to provide a personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop formulation, as well as a method for its production, with an improved sustainability profile. In this context, a more environmentally friendly alternative preferably provides at least one, more preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three, and in particular at least four of the following effects: reduced water demand, reduced loss of biodiversity, reduced loss of habitat for local tribes, reduced deforestation, improved restoration of degraded areas and springs and watersheds, improved water retention in soil, improved resistance to temperature fluctuations and climate change. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] It has surprisingly been found that at least one of these objectives can be achieved by applying oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes per hectare per year). [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Thus, according to one aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a fatty alcohol composition, comprising the steps of: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) into a fatty alcohol composition.

[0007] In the following, preferred embodiments of the above-mentioned method are described in further detail. It should be understood that each preferred embodiment is suitable both by itself as well as in combination with other preferred embodiments.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment A1 of the first aspect, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and / or The oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment A2 of the first aspect, in step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment A3 of the first aspect, step a) comprises i) hydrogenation, preferably transesterification and hydrogenation, in particular transesterification followed by hydrogenation or ii) hydrolysis, preferably hydrolysis and hydrogenation, in particular hydrolysis followed by hydrogenation Includes.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment A4 of the first aspect, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8-C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols, especially C 10 ~C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment A5 of the first aspect, the Macaubay palm has an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) in the range of 6-30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment A6 of the first aspect, the method comprises the steps of: b) converting fatty alcohols to their derivatives selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a fatty alcohol composition obtainable by the method according to the first aspect.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment B1 of the second aspect, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8-C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols, especially C 10 ~C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 12 ~C 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a fatty alcohol composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year), wherein oil obtained from Macaubay palm is converted into the fatty alcohol composition.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment C1 of the third aspect, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruit, preferably the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment C1 of the second aspect, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8-C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols, especially C 10 ~C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 12 ~C 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0019] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for the preparation of a fatty alcohol comprising the steps of: a C4 fatty alcohol; a C6 fatty alcohol; a C8 fatty alcohol; 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohol, C 22 The use of a fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11 for producing a fatty alcohol or a blend thereof.

[0020] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a surfactant, comprising the steps of: A) A fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11, comprising a C6 fatty alcohol, a C8 fatty alcohol, a C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols, and C 20 separating the fatty alcohol selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols; B) optionally mixing at least two of the separated fatty alcohols; C) C6 fatty alcohol, C8 fatty alcohol, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols, and C 20 converting at least one of the separated fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols to a respective fatty alcohol derivative selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates. The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of:

[0021] In a preferred embodiment E1 of the fifth aspect, the fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11 applied in step A) is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably the fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO), or the fatty alcohol derivative obtained in step C) is mixed with a fatty alcohol derivative obtained from a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr and then converted into the respective fatty alcohol derivative, preferably the fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0022] In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a surfactant obtainable by the process according to the fifth aspect.

[0023] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a method for the preparation of a fatty alcohol comprising the steps of: 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohol, C 22 Fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, preferably C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, more preferably C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, even more preferably C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, in particular C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 A method for producing fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, comprising the steps of: extracting C4 fatty alcohols, C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C9 fatty alcohols, C10 fatty alcohols, C11 fatty alcohols, C12 fatty alcohols, C13 fatty alcohols, C14 fatty alcohols, C15 fatty alcohols, C16 fatty alcohols, C17 fatty alcohols, C18 fatty alcohols, C19 fatty alcohols, C20 fatty alcohols, C21 fatty alcohol 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohols and / or C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols and / or C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohols and / or C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohols and / or C 16 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 Fatty alcohol and / or C 14 The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of separating fatty alcohols and, optionally, mixing at least two of the separated fatty alcohols.

[0024] In an eighth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a surfactant according to the sixth aspect in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation.

[0025] In a ninth aspect, the present invention relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation comprising a surfactant according to the sixth aspect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] Before describing exemplary embodiments of the present invention in detail, definitions that are important for understanding the present invention are provided.

[0027] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a" and "an" also include the respective plural forms, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the context of the present invention, the terms "about" and "approximately" refer to a range of accuracy that a person skilled in the art would recognize while still ensuring the technical effect of the feature in question. The terms typically represent a deviation of ±10%, preferably ±8%, more preferably ±5%, and even more preferably ±2% from the indicated numerical value. The terms "comprising" and "encompassing" should be understood to be non-limiting. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "consisting of" is considered to be a preferred embodiment of the term "comprising of". Hereinafter, when a group is defined as comprising at least a certain number of embodiments, this means that the group also preferably consists only of these embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)" and the like herein and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and do not necessarily describe a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be performed in other orders than those described or illustrated herein. When the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii" and the like refer to steps of a method or use or assay, as described hereinbefore or hereinafter, unless otherwise specified in this application, there is no time or consistency between the steps, i.e., the steps may be performed simultaneously or there may be a time interval of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific methodologies, procedures, reagents, etc. described herein as they may vary.It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is used only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which may be limited only by the appended claims. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0028] The terms "does not comprise", "does not contain" or "free of" as used herein in the context that the composition of the invention does not contain a particular compound or does not contain a particular group of compounds, which may be groups combined under a collective term, means that the composition does not contain said compound or group of compounds in an amount greater than 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Furthermore, it is preferred that the composition according to the invention does not contain said compound or group of compounds in an amount greater than 0.5% by weight, and preferably the composition is completely free of said compound or group of compounds.

[0029] When referring to weight percentages of compositions and ingredients contained therein, it should be understood that in accordance with the present invention, the total amount of ingredients does not exceed 100% (± 1% to account for rounding).

[0030] The term "personal care composition" refers to any topical and oral product that can be used by a consumer at least once a day, for example as a daily care product for face, hair, body, or oral care, to care for, cleanse, protect, maintain, perfume, or change the appearance or feel of the human body. The personal care composition may contain one or more active agents, such as organic and / or inorganic UV filters, and other ingredients or additives, such as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances. Suitable daily care compositions according to the present invention are, for example, leave-on face and body care products and rinse-off face and body care products.

[0031] Suitable leave-on face and body care products are, for example, sunscreen compositions, decorative preparations and skin care preparations.

[0032] The term "sunscreen composition" or "sunscreen agent" refers to any topical product that can absorb a certain portion of ultraviolet radiation and also reflect and scatter it. Therefore, it should be understood that the term "sunscreen composition" not only includes sunscreen compositions, but also includes any cosmetic composition that provides UV protection. The term "topical product" refers to a product that is applied to the skin, and can refer to, for example, a spray, a lotion, a cream, an oil, a foam, a powder, or a gel. According to the present invention, the sunscreen composition can include one or more active agents, such as organic and inorganic UV filters, and other ingredients or additives, such as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.

[0033] Suitable decorative preparations are, for example, lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry or wet make-up, blushers, powders, hair removers and suntan lotions.

[0034] Suitable skin care formulations are, for example, moisturizing, improving and lifting formulations. The daily care compositions mentioned can be in the form of a cream, ointment, paste, foam, gel, lotion, powder, make-up, spray, stick or aerosol.

[0035] The term "UV filter" or "ultraviolet ray filter" as used herein refers to an organic or inorganic compound that can absorb and also reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays from sunlight. UV filters can be classified as UV-A, UV-B or broadband filters according to their UV protection curve.

[0036] Generally, UV light can be divided into UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) and UV-B radiation (290-320 nm). The definition of "broadband" protection (also called broad spectrum or broad-spectrum protection) is based on the "critical wavelength". To cover the broad band, UV-B and UV-A protection must be provided. According to US requirements, the critical wavelength must be at least 370 nm to achieve broad-spectrum protection. The term "critical wavelength" is defined as the wavelength at which the area under the UV protection curve (protection rate (%) vs. wavelength) is 90% of the total area under the curve in the UV region (290-400 nm). For example, a critical wavelength of 370 nm means that the protection provided by the sunscreen composition is not limited to UV-B wavelengths, i.e., 290-320 nm, but extends up to 370 nm, reaching 90% of the total area under the protection curve in the UV region at 370 nm.

[0037] Suitable rinse-off face and body care products are, for example, shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, body scrubs, face scrubs, and hand soaps.In particular, rinse-off products are hair shampoos, shower gels, soaps, detergent bars, cleaning pastes, cleaning lotions, scrub formulations, face washes, intimate hygiene washes, foam baths, oil baths, shower baths, shaving foams, shaving lotions, shaving creams, foaming powders / tubs, and dental care products (e.g. toothpastes, mouthwashes, etc.).Baby care products, such as baby shampoos and baths, are also suitable rinse-off products.

[0038] The term "emollient" relates to certain cosmetic oils used to protect, moisturize and lubricate the skin. The term emollient comes from the Latin "mollire" (to soften). In general, emollients prevent the evaporation of water by forming an occlusive cover on the skin. They can be divided into different groups according to their polarity index.

[0039] The term "polarity index" refers to non-polar or polar oils. Non-polar oils are mainly composed of hydrocarbons and do not contain electronegative elements such as oxygen. In contrast, polar oils contain heteroatoms with different electronegativities, which result in a dipole moment. However, this type of oil is still insoluble in water, i.e., hydrophobic. The polarity index can be determined by measuring the interfacial tension between each oil and water.

[0040] The term "administering" refers to the application of a sunscreen or daily care composition to human skin.

[0041] The term "fatty alcohol" as used herein relates to linear or branched, preferably linear primary alcohols. Fatty alcohols may contain from 4 to 26 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the term fatty alcohol includes saturated and unsaturated alcohols. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty alcohols may result in either cis or trans isomers. According to the invention, the term fatty alcohol includes saturated and unsaturated alcohols. 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol and ceryl alcohol should be mentioned in this context.

[0042] The term "fatty acid" as used herein relates to linear or branched, preferably linear primary carboxylic acids. Fatty acids may contain from 4 to 26 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the term fatty acid encompasses saturated and unsaturated acids. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids may result in either cis or trans isomers. Caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, behenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lignoceric acid, and cerotic acid should be mentioned in this context.

[0043] As used herein, the term "fatty acid based surfactant" refers to surfactants resulting from the reaction of primary carboxylic acid groups of fatty acids.

[0044] prefix C n ~C m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.

[0045] The term "alkyl" as used herein in each instance refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group typically having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 26 or 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

[0046] The term "alkoxy" as used herein refers to a straight or branched alkyl group, usually having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom, in each case bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples of alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butyloxy, 2-butyloxy, iso-butyloxy, tert-butyloxy, etc.

[0047] The term "alkylene" as used herein refers to a linear or branched alkylene group that is a linking group that typically has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms. The alkylene group bridges from a particular group to the remainder of the molecule. Preferred alkylene groups include methylene (CH2), ethylene (CH2CH2), propylene (CH2CH2CH2), and the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that when referring to, for example, CH2, where the carbon atom is tetravalent, two valences are left to form a bridge (-CH2-). Similarly, when referring to, for example, CH2CH2, each carbon atom has one valence left to form (-CH2CH2-). Additionally, when referring to, for example, CH2CH2CH2, each terminal carbon atom has one valence left to form a bridge (-CH2CH2CH2-).

[0048] The term "heterocyclic" or "heterocyclyl" generally includes a 3-9 membered, preferably 4-8 membered or 5-7 membered, more preferably 5 or 6 membered, especially 6 membered monocyclic ring, unless otherwise specified. Heterocyclic rings can be saturated, partially or fully unsaturated or aromatic, where saturated means that only single bonds are present, partially or fully unsaturated means that one or more double bonds may be present at appropriate positions, but the Hückel rule for aromaticity does not hold, while aromatic means that the Hückel (4n+2) rule holds. Heterocyclic rings typically contain one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where the S atom as a ring member can be present as S, SO or SO2. The remaining ring members are carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the heterocycle is an aromatic heterocycle, preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, containing one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where the S atom as ring member can be present as S, SO or SO2. Examples of aromatic heterocycles related to the definition of "hetaryl" are shown below. "Hetaryl" or "heteroaryl" are included in the term "heterocycle". Saturated or partially or fully unsaturated heterocycles usually contain 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where the S atom as ring member can be present as S, SO or SO2. Those skilled in the art will recognize that S, SO or SO2 are as follows: [ka]

[0049] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that resonance structures may be possible in the oxidized form. Saturated heterocycles include, unless otherwise specified, generally 3-9 membered, preferably 4-8 membered or 5-7 membered, more preferably 5 or 6 membered monocyclic rings containing 3-9, preferably 4-8 membered or 5-7 membered, more preferably 5 or 6 membered atoms containing at least one heteroatom, such as pyrrolidine, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, morpholine or piperazine.

[0050] The term "aryl" or "aromatic carbocycle" preferably includes six-membered aromatic carbocycles based on carbon atoms as ring members. A preferred example is phenyl.

[0051] The term "oil palm" as used herein refers to the species of the palm also known as "Elaeis guineensis". It is the primary source of "palm oil".

[0052] As used herein, the term "coconut palm" refers to a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae), also called Cocos nucifera. It is the primary source of "palm oil".

[0053] The term "macauba palm" as used herein refers to a palm species. Exemplary species are Acrocomia aculeata (also known as macauba, boicauba, macauba, coco de catalo, coco baboso, and coco de espinho), Acrocomia hassleri, and Acrocomia totei. Macauba palms, for example, can grow up to a height of about 15 m. The macauba fruit includes pulp and a kernel.

[0054] As used herein, the term "pulp" refers to the inner flesh of a fruit.

[0055] As used herein, the term "kernel" is synonymous with "seed" or "almond."

[0056] The term "cleaning composition" used herein includes home care formulations, industrial care formulations, and institutional care formulations. Home care formulations are typically used by individual consumers, while industrial care formulations are typically used by industry, and institutional care formulations are typically used, for example, in clinics and nursing homes. However, it is also possible that each formulation can be used in a different field than intended. Thus, institutional care formulations can also be used by individual consumers or industries, and vice versa. Typically, cleaning compositions are for, for example, laundry, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning, food and beverage service and kitchen hygiene, food and beverage processing, commercial laundry, sanitation, institutional cleaning, industrial cleaning, and vehicle and transportation care.

[0057] The term "nutritional formulation" as used herein includes food and feed formulations. Nutritional formulations may have any suitable form, e.g., liquid or solid, and may be administered or ingested in any suitable manner, e.g., orally, parenterally, or rectally.

[0058] The term "pharmaceutical formulation" as used herein refers to any suitable pharmaceutical formulation that may be administered in any suitable manner, such as, for example, by oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal, or rectal application. Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulations may be in the form of tablets, suppositories, or capsules or in the form of a spray. Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations include formulations such as patches or sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders, or gels. Liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally, or nasally.

[0059] As used herein, the term "liquid" also encompasses semi-solid states in which the fluid has an increased viscosity (eg, creams, gels, ointments).

[0060] As used herein, the term "crop formulation" includes pesticide formulations, fungicide formulations, and herbicide formulations.

[0061] The term "oil yield (tons / hectare / year)" as used herein relates to the oil obtained from the fruit of the plant, for example by extraction, where the fruit includes the pulp and kernel. It refers to the oil produced per hectare. It should be understood that the values ​​refer to the oil yield obtained from a monoculture, where the plant is grown under standard conditions, which depend on the respective plant and are known to the person skilled in the art. Thus, if the plant is not grown in a monoculture (for example, in a cattle ranch), the respective value for this particular cultivation may be reduced. Typically, oil palm has an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of about 3.8 t / ha / yr, rapeseed has an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of about 0.8 t / ha / yr, sunflower has an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of about 0.7 t / ha / yr, and soybean has an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of about 0.6 t / ha / yr.

[0062] The term "monocultivation" as used herein refers to the practice of cultivating one plant, for example the macauba palm, at a time in a field. In the example of the macauba palm, about 500 to about 600 palms per hectare may be planted. In this context, it is preferred that the minimum spacing between the trees is about 3.5 to 4.5 meters. This figure varies, for example, depending on the soil. The growth of the macauba plant is described below. In the first year, growth is slow, since a large development occurs below the surface. Thus, the plant itself grows about 80 to 100 cm. From the second year onwards, when the plant size is about 100 to 150 cm), growth becomes faster and there is an increase in the development of the aboveground part of the plant. A fully mature plant that provides the required oil yield per hectare per year is about 5 to 6 years old.

[0063] The water consumption of the macauba plant is 50% less than that of palm. Macauba plantations can be located in areas with a minimum rainfall of 1,200 mm per year.

[0064] The term "agroforestry" as used herein refers to a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among other trees or shrubs or other plants such as crops or pastures. It should be understood that not only one other plant may be present in agroforestry. In the example of macaubay palm, for example, about 250 to about 360 or about 325 to about 350 trees per hectare may be planted. In this context, suitable crops that may be planted together with macaubay palm are typically beans, cassava, corn, cereals, sunflowers, peanuts, rapeseed, soybeans, and mixtures thereof.

[0065] As used herein, the term "silvopastoral" refers to a land use management system in which trees and optionally pasture are planted within livestock grazing land. In the example of macaubay palm, for example, about 275 to about 450 or about 375 to about 400 trees per hectare may be planted.

[0066] Preferred embodiments of the method for producing fatty alcohol composition or surfactant or specific fatty alcohol, fatty alcohol composition and its use, surfactant and product containing it will be described hereafter.It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferred alone or in combination with each other.

[0067] One advantage of the present invention is that the fatty acid compositions, surfactants, or specific fatty alcohols of the present invention exhibit improved storage stability and improved handling and processability.

[0068] The fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention has improved storage stability in particular. Improved storage stability is achieved when the composition does not show any visible changes (e.g., turbidity, discoloration, phase separation, aggregation) or measurable changes (e.g., pH, viscosity, active substance content, color) or perceptible changes (odor) over time. Preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when less color formation is observed during storage at high temperatures, such as 40°C or higher. Also, preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when turbidity or phase separation during storage at low temperatures, such as 15°C or lower, cannot be observed for aqueous compositions. Most preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when the composition remains stable without change for as long as possible.

[0069] Preferably, the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention has improved handling and processability.Improved handling and processability is particularly achieved when the aqueous composition has a viscosity that allows it to flow freely at room temperature (about 23°C) and / or be easily stirred and pumped (e.g., exhibits shear thinning behavior).Preferably, improved handling and processability is achieved when the aqueous composition can be rapidly dissolved in the water phase, ideally without further heating (at about 23°C).Also preferably, improved handling and processability is achieved when the time required to prepare a personal care composition using this composition is as short as possible.

[0070] One advantage of the present invention is that personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations, or crop formulations of the fatty acid compositions, surfactants, or specific fatty alcohols of the present invention exhibit improved viscosity and flow behavior and / or improved appearance / clarity and / or improved mildness and / or improved surface activity and cleaning ability and / or improved foaming ability and / or improved care performance.

[0071] What is understood as advantageous viscosity and flow behavior depends on the intended use and application of the personal care composition. For aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop preparations of the fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, it is desirable to have a high viscosity in the range of 5000 to 20000 mPas (measured with a Brookfield RV laboratory rheometer at 23°C, 10 rpm, spindle selection according to the viscosity range). As is known, "mPas" means millipascal seconds. Thus, improved viscosity and flow behavior for aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop preparations of the fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, is preferably achieved by having a higher viscosity with the same concentration of the fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol (and the same concentration of other ingredients) or by having the same viscosity with a lower concentration of the fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol (and / or a lower concentration of other ingredients). Preferably, improved viscosity and flow behavior for aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional, pharmaceutical, or crop formulations of the fatty acid compositions, surfactants, or specific fatty alcohols of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, is achieved when the viscosity is insensitive or less sensitive to temperature (e.g., there is no or less viscosity decrease at elevated temperatures, such as 40° C. or higher).Finally, also preferably, improved viscosity and flow behavior for aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid compositions, surfactants or specific fatty alcohols of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, is achieved if the viscosity is insensitive or less sensitive to the addition of parfum (e.g., the viscosity does not decrease or decreases less), and / or if the composition has a shear-thinning flow behavior (which means that the viscosity decreases when shear stress is applied to the composition (e.g., when it is moved, stirred, pumped, shaken)), and / or if the composition has a high viscosity when at rest (in a bottle / package, when collected in the palm of the hand) and a low viscosity under shear stress (e.g., when dosed, squeezed out of a bottle or dispensed / applied and rubbed between the hands and / or hair).

[0072] For the aqueous personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention, transparent composition is often required, especially when transparent packaging is used.Therefore, preferably, the care composition of the present invention has improved transparency.Transparency can be visually inspected.

[0073] For the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop preparation of the present invention, it is desirable to have good skin and mucous membrane (eye and oral cavity) compatibility, and therefore low irritation potential (also referred to as mildness). The fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop preparation of the present invention has improved mildness. Irritation potential can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, in vitro methods such as RBC, HET-CAM, or model tissue tests (Epi-Ocular / Epi-Oral), and also by subjects (e.g. skin patch test, "tear-free" test by panelists).

[0074] It is also advantageous for the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop preparation of the present invention to have improved surface activity. Improved surface activity is characterized by either a lower CMC (critical micelle concentration), lower surface tension, or faster ability to reduce surface tension than the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol composition from other oil sources. The surface can be, for example, the interface between an aqueous composition and either air, gas, or oil. Thus, the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop preparation of the present invention preferably has improved surface activity. Surface activity can be measured by CMC measurement using a tensiometer (DCAT, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH or equivalent), dynamic surface tension measurement using bubble pressure method (SITA-Online T60, Sita Messtechnik GmbH or equivalent). These characteristics are also relevant in determining the cleaning, dispersing, emulsifying and solubilizing capabilities of the composition, particularly for the removal of dirt and oily materials from hair, skin, hard surfaces and fabrics.

[0075] Compositions comprising the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention, as well as personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations, or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention, also exhibit the improved storage stability defined above.

[0076] It is desirable that the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the fatty acid composition, surfactant or specific fatty alcohol of the present invention has good foaming ability.It is particularly desirable that the composition can generate foam with high initial foam volume when used, for example, by rubbing between hands, skin and / or hair; and / or is stable after foam formation is completed, so that it shows no or less volume loss compared to the initial foam volume, and / or shows no or less drainage (no liquid accumulates under the foam or only a little liquid accumulates); and / or has small foam bubbles and narrow foam bubble size distribution; and / or has high water content (liquid volume in foam / total volume of foam); and / or has high elasticity; and / or has favorable foam feel, such as soft and thick feel of foam, creaminess, elasticity, moldability and overall acceptability by consumers. Preferably, foams derived from personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional, pharmaceutical or crop formulations of the fatty acid compositions, surfactants or specific fatty alcohols of the present invention exhibit the above characteristics even under harsh conditions such as in the absence of anionic surfactants, in the presence of high salt loads, in the presence of high oil loads, under acidic or alkaline conditions, at low temperatures, in hard water (e.g. 15° dH).

[0077] The foaming behavior of an aqueous composition (or a dry composition dissolved in water) can be investigated, for example, by stirring, shaking, pumping, bubbling through a gas stream or otherwise agitating the solution within a short period of time (about 10-200 seconds) and then monitoring the foam volume over time (up to 30 minutes) and taking pictures of the foam structure for image analysis. Testing equipment such as Foam Expert (SITA Messtechnik GmbH) or Dynamic Foam Analyzer DFA 100 (Kruess) can be used for that purpose. Furthermore, the foam can be evaluated by rheological measurements in a viscometer.

[0078] Preferably, the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol derived from Macauba oil in the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop formulation leaves a gentler feeling after use on the hair and / or skin than the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol derived from other oil sources. This can be examined, for example, by a test panel with reference to subjective skin sensation (smoothness, dryness, etc.) or the touch and feel of the treated hair. Mechanical measurement methods such as hair compatibility or hair cutting can also be used.

[0079] Preferred embodiments of the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or composition containing specific fatty alcohol derived from macaubay oil or the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or composition containing specific fatty alcohol obtainable by a process comprising the steps of amidation and reaction with chloroacetic acid, as well as its use for the manufacture of the fatty acid composition, surfactant, or specific fatty alcohol, its use as a surfactant in personal care compositions and / or cleaning compositions, and these personal care compositions and cleaning compositions themselves are described hereafter. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferred alone or in combination with each other.

[0080] A particular advantage of the method of the present invention is that it is more efficient, less energy intensive and therefore has a higher sustainability and a better carbon footprint. This is because macauba oil has a lower melting point than, for example, the commonly used palm kernel oil. It therefore has a lower viscosity at comparable temperatures and can therefore be processed at lower temperatures and with lower energy demands. Another reason is that the sustainability of macauba oil is higher than that of oils derived from other oil sources such as coconut oil, palm oil or palm kernel oil, due to the growth conditions that use less water, less space requirements, higher productivity and higher robustness to allow growth in less specialized conditions.

[0081] Another reason is that a lower melting point results in a lower free fatty acid content. Free fatty acids, as used in the method of the present invention, should preferably be removed before transesterification. Such removal can be done either by chemical refining (where the free fatty acids are converted to soap, followed by washing with, for example, water), or by physical refining (where the free fatty acids are contacted with steam, followed by collection). Furthermore, the removed free fatty acids are re-esterified and added back to the feedstock, at least in the production. Thus, a lower free fatty acid content requires lower energy and material demands, making the overall process more efficient and sustainable.

[0082] As described above, the present invention provides, in one embodiment, a method for producing a fatty alcohol composition, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) into a fatty alcohol composition.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei, and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, preferably the macauba is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is more preferably extracted from Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, in particular the macauba is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0086] In another preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from macauba pulp, in particular, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp.

[0087] In another preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from the macauba pulp and kernel, in particular, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from the Acrocomia aculeata pulp and kernel.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm can grow well under tropical and subtropical conditions.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm can be grown satisfactorily in an area between 30 degrees north and 28 degrees south latitude, preferably between 25 degrees north and 25 degrees south latitude.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the Macaubay palm grows well in a temperature range of 18-30° C., more preferably 20-28° C. In this connection, it should be understood that the temperature range is the average temperature over a year. Thus, the Macaubay palm is preferably less susceptible to temperature fluctuations.

[0091] The term "well grown" as used herein indicates that the required oil yield is achievable under standard cultivation conditions.

[0092] More particularly, oil palm is grown under tropical conditions and at a preferred temperature of about 24-28°C, at least 100 mm / m 2 It requires about 100,000 liters of rain per month, and about 50-70% humidity. These factors limit the potential for profitable cultivation.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the method provides reduced water demand.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the method provides for a reduction in biodiversity loss.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the method provides for a reduction in habitat loss for local tribes.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the method provides for a reduction in deforestation.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the method provides improved restoration of degraded areas and / or springs and watersheds.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, the method provides improved water retention in the soil.

[0099] In this context, it should be understood that the reductions or improvements outlined above are compared to plants with an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably compared to oil palm.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from the macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes per hectare per year) is crude oil, i.e., has not been further processed after extraction from the macaubay palm.

[0101] In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from the macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) is a filtered oil, i.e. the crude oil is first filtered by any filtration system known in the art and then used in the present method. A suitable filtration process is, for example, press filtration.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) is crude oil, i.e., has not been further processed after extraction from macaubay palm having a free fatty acid content of 4% by weight or less.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, in step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises i) hydrogenation, preferably transesterification and hydrogenation, in particular transesterification followed by hydrogenation or ii) hydrolysis, preferably hydrolysis and hydrogenation, in particular hydrolysis followed by hydrogenation Includes.

[0105] Any suitable transesterification method may be carried out. Preferably, the transesterification is carried out in the presence of a simple alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and / or isopropanol, to obtain glycerol and the respective esters. In a preferred embodiment, the transesterification is carried out in the presence of methanol. The reaction may further include the addition of a catalyst. Preferably, the alcohol is provided in excess.

[0106] Any suitable hydrogenation method may be carried out. Preferably, hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a solid catalyst and hydrogen. Preferably, hydrogenation is carried out at a pressure of about 10 to about 350 bar, more preferably about 200 to about 300 bar. Preferably, hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature of about 50 to about 300°C, more preferably about 100 to about 270°C.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogenation is carried out partially, i.e., the fatty alcohol composition still contains unsaturated moieties.

[0108] In another preferred embodiment, full hydrogenation is performed, i.e., the fatty alcohol composition does not contain any unsaturated moieties.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8-C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols, especially C 10 ~C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 12 ~C 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition each comprises at least 10% by weight of C, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Fatty alcohol and at least 75% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 10 to 25 wt. % of C, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Fatty alcohol and 75-90% by weight C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12~14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12~18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition each comprises at least 2 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohols, at least 35% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohols, at least 5% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohol, and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty alcohol, 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty alcohol, and 2-6 wt. % C20 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohol, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohol, 5-13% by weight C14 Fatty alcohol, and 4 to 10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 0.2-4 wt. % C6 fatty alcohol, 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty alcohol, 2-6 wt. % C9 fatty alcohol, and 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohol, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohol, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohol, and 4 to 10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of a C6 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of a C8 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0122] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16Contains fatty alcohols.

[0124] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm has an oil yield (tonnes per hectare per year) in the range of at least 7 t / ha / yr, preferably at least 8 t / ha / yr.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the Macaubay palm has an oil yield (tonnes per hectare per year) in the range of 6-30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr or 8-12 t / ha / yr or 8-11 t / ha / yr.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from macaubay palm is first mixed with at least one oil obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from macaubay palm as disclosed above applied in step A) is first mixed with at least one oil obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr.

[0128] In yet another preferred embodiment, the oil obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil and / or combinations thereof.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment, the oil obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0130] In a preferred embodiment, the oil obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the oil obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0132] In a preferred embodiment, the oil obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is coconut oil (CNO).

[0133] In a preferred embodiment, the oil obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is palm oil (PO).

[0134] In a preferred embodiment, the oils obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr are coconut oil (CNO) and palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0135] In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: b) converting fatty alcohols to their derivatives selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

[0136] Suitable fatty alcohol sulfates are those of the general formula (I) RO-SO3M (I), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl and M is a suitable counterion, e.g., triethanolammonium, Na + , K + or NH4 + , preferably sodium). The fatty alcohol sulfates can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0137] Suitable fatty alcohol ether sulfates are represented by the general formula (II) RO(CH2CH2O) n -SO3M (II), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, n is an average number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 5, and M is a suitable counter ion, e.g., triethanolammonium, Na + , K + or NH4 + , preferably sodium). The fatty alcohol ether sulfates can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0138] Suitable fatty esters are those of the general formula (III) RO-CO-R 1 (III), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 1 But, C1~C 24 The fatty esters can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0139] In a preferred embodiment, the process of the present invention produces a simple fatty acid ester. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of a fatty acid ester, preferably a simple fatty acid ester, according to the present invention as an emollient in a cosmetic composition.

[0140] As used herein, the term "fatty amine" includes primary fatty amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty amine oxides, and amine salts.

[0141] Suitable fatty amines (e.g., primary fatty amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines) can be represented by the general formula (IV): R-NR 2 R 2’ (IV), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 2 and R 2’ are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C8 alkylene-NR 21 R 22 where R 21 and R 22 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.

[0142] Suitable ethoxylated fatty amines are represented by the general formula (V): R-NR 3 R 4 (V), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 3 and R 4 are independently H or -(CH2CH2O) n-N, n is an average number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1.5 to 10, and N is H or C1 to C4 alkyl.

[0143] Suitable fatty amine oxides are represented by the general formula (VI): R-NR 5 R 6 O(VI), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 5 and R 6 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.

[0144] Suitable amine salts include, for example, those of the general formula (VII) R-NR 7 R 8 R 9 Q (VII), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are independently H or C1 to C 16 Alkyl, preferably H or C4-C 10 and Q is halide, hydrogen sulfate, bicarbonate, benzoate, formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate, preferably chloride. In this regard, it should be understood that the positive charge is on the nitrogen and the negative charge is on Q.

[0145] In a preferred embodiment, the amine salt is represented by the general formula (VII) R-NR 7 R 8 R 9 Q (VII), (Wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated C12 ~C 20 Alkyl, preferably C 12 ~C 18 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are independently H or C1 to C5 alkyl, preferably methyl, and Q is a halide, preferably chloride.

[0146] The fatty amines can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0147] Suitable fatty alcohol glycosides are represented by the general formula (VIII): ROG (VIII), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 and G is preferably a glucose or xylose moiety linked via the C1 carbon atom, preferably a glucose moiety. The fatty alcohol glycosides can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0148] Suitable fatty alkyl polyglucosides are of the general formula (IX) RO-(G) g -H (IX), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C8-C 10 Alkyl or C8-C 14 Alkyl or C 12 ~C 14where G is an alkyl group, G is preferably a glucose moiety linked via the C1 and C4 carbon atoms, and g is an average number between 1 and 50, preferably between 5 and 20, more preferably between 1 and 5, even more preferably between 1 and 2, and most preferably between 1.2 and 1.8. The fatty alcohol glycosides can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0149] Suitable fatty ethers are those of the general formula (X) ROR 10 (X), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, more preferably C8-C 14 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 10 But, C1~C 10 The fatty ethers can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0150] Suitable fatty alcohol ethoxylates are represented by the general formula (XI) RO-(CH2CH2O) m -R 11 (XI), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, more preferably C 12 ~C 18 Alkyl, even more preferably C 12 ~C 16 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, m is an average number of 0.5 to 50, preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 1.5 to 10, even more preferably 0.5 to 10, and most preferably 0.7 to 3; R 11is H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, or heterocyclyl. The fatty alcohol ethoxylates can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0151] Suitable fatty amides are represented by the general formula (XII) RN-CO-R 12 (XII), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 12 But, C3~C 24 Alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, heterocyclyl, or C1-C8 alkylene-NR 13 R 13’ where R 13 and R 13’ are independently C1-C4 alkyl. The fatty amides can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art, for example, by first converting a fatty alcohol to the respective fatty amine and then to the respective fatty amide.

[0152] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a fatty alcohol composition obtainable by the process outlined above.

[0153] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty alcohol, 1-8% by weight C 10 Fatty alcohols, 30-48% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohols, 5-15% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohols, 4-13% by weight C 16 Fatty alcohols, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty alcohols, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty alcohol and each based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. The fatty alcohol composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0154] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of a C8 fatty alcohol; 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Fatty alcohols, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Fatty alcohols, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Fatty alcohols, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Fatty alcohols, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty alcohol 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty alcohol and each based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. The fatty alcohol composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 Fatty alcohols, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 Fatty alcohols, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 Fatty alcohols, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 Fatty alcohols, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, in particular 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 Fatty alcohols, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Fatty alcohol and each based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. The fatty alcohol composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0156] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8-C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols, especially C 10 ~C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 12 ~C 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0157] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0158] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition each comprises at least 10% by weight of C, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Fatty alcohol and at least 75% by weight of C 18Contains fatty alcohols.

[0159] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 10 to 25 wt. % of C, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Fatty alcohol and 75-90% by weight C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0160] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12~14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0161] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12~18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition each comprises at least 2 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohols, at least 35% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohols, at least 5% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohol, and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0163] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty alcohol, 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty alcohol, and 2-6 wt. % C20 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohol, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohol, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohol, and 4 to 10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of a C8 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition.

[0165] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0166] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0167] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0168] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0169] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0170] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a fatty alcohol composition obtained from the fruit of a plant having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year), wherein the oil obtained from the plant is converted into the fatty alcohol composition.

[0171] Preferred embodiments have already been outlined above in the method for producing a fatty alcohol composition and shall also apply to the fatty alcohol composition. Particular preferred embodiments are mentioned below.

[0172] In a preferred embodiment, the plant is a palm, preferably a palm of the genus Acrocomia, more preferably a macaubay palm, even more preferably Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata, and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the plant is a macaubay palm and the oil is extracted from the macaubay kernel, even more preferably the plant is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata, and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the plant is a macaubay palm and the oil is extracted from the macaubay kernel, even more preferably the plant is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, aculeata and the oil is more preferably extracted from Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel, and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, in particular the plant is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0173] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty alcohol, 1-8% by weight C 10 Fatty alcohols, 30-48% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohols, 5-15% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohols, 4-13% by weight C 16 Fatty alcohols, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty alcohols, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty alcohol and each based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. The fatty alcohol composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0174] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of a C8 fatty alcohol; 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Fatty alcohols, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Fatty alcohols, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Fatty alcohols, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Fatty alcohols, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty alcohol 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty alcohol and each based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. The fatty alcohol composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0175] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 Fatty alcohols, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 Fatty alcohols, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 Fatty alcohols, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 Fatty alcohols, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, in particular 65 to 75% by weight of C 18Fatty alcohols, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Fatty alcohol and each based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. The fatty alcohol composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0176] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8-C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols, especially C 10 ~C 16 Fatty alcohol or C 12 ~C 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0177] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C4-C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0178] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition each comprises at least 10% by weight of C, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Fatty alcohol and at least 75% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0179] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 10 to 25 wt. % of C, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Fatty alcohol and 75-90% by weight C 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0180] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12~14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0181] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12~18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0182] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition each comprises at least 2 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohols, at least 35% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohols, at least 5% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohol, and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0183] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty alcohol, 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty alcohol, and 2-6 wt. % C20 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Fatty alcohol, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty alcohol, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty alcohol, and 4 to 10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0184] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of a C8 fatty alcohol, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition.

[0185] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 10 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0186] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 12 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0187] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 14 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0188] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 16 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0189] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition. 18 Contains fatty alcohols.

[0190] As described above, the present invention further provides a method for producing a fatty alcohol comprising the steps of: 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohol, C 22 The present invention relates to the use of the fatty alcohol composition as outlined above for producing a fatty alcohol, or a blend thereof.

[0191] Preferably, each fatty alcohol is separated by fractionation of the alcohol composition or its ester composition, for example, methyl ester composition. Those skilled in the art are aware of suitable processes, such as distillation. In a preferred embodiment, the alcohol is separated by fractional distillation. Preferably, the fractional distillation system is designed as an additional unit operation to produce a single alcohol fraction of high purity. The single or two column system is preferably equipped with high performance structured packaging for minimum pressure drop and highest product quality.

[0192] As mentioned above, the present invention further provides a method for producing a surfactant, comprising the steps of: A) From the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above, a C6 fatty alcohol, a C8 fatty alcohol, a C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols, and C 20 separating the fatty alcohol selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols; B) optionally mixing at least two of the separated fatty alcohols; C) followed by C6 fatty alcohol, C8 fatty alcohol, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols, and C 20 converting at least one of the separated fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols to a respective fatty alcohol derivative selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates. The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of:

[0193] It should be understood that all preferred embodiments of the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above also apply to the method for producing a surfactant. Thus, the fatty alcohol composition is derived from a plant or fruit having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of at least 6 t / ha / yr.

[0194] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above applied in step A) is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above applied in step A) is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of 0.1-6 t / ha / yr or less, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tons / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and / or rapeseed oil.

[0195] In yet another preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and / or rapeseed oil.

[0196] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0197] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0198] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above applied in step A) obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0199] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above applied in step A) obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm oil (CNO).

[0200] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above applied in step A) obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).

[0201] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition disclosed above applied in step A) derived from macauba pulp and obtained from a plant having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition derived from palm oil (PO) and obtained from a plant having an oil yield of less than 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year).

[0202] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol derivative obtained in step C) is mixed with the fatty alcohol derivative obtained from the fatty alcohol composition obtained from the plant with oil yield (ton / hectare / year) of less than 6t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5t / ha / yr, and then converted into each fatty alcohol derivative.In this connection, it should be understood that the subsequent conversion preferably provides fatty alcohol derivatives equivalent to the fatty alcohol derivative obtained in step C).Therefore, when step C) provides a specific fatty amine, the further fatty alcohol derivative mixed into the mixture is also a specific fatty amine (however, obtained from the plant with oil yield (ton / hectare / year) of less than 6t / ha / yr).

[0203] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and / or rapeseed oil.

[0204] In yet another preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and / or rapeseed oil.

[0205] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0206] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0207] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol derivatives obtained in step C) from plants having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel are mixed with fatty alcohol derivatives obtained from a fatty alcohol composition derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) from plants having an oil yield of less than 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) and then converted into the respective fatty alcohol derivatives.

[0208] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol derivatives obtained in step C) derived from plants having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) derived from the macauba kernel are mixed with fatty alcohol derivatives obtained from a fatty alcohol composition derived from palm oil (CNO) and obtained from plants having an oil yield of less than 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year) and then converted into the respective fatty alcohol derivatives.

[0209] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol derivatives obtained in step C) from plants having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel are mixed with fatty alcohol derivatives obtained from a fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO) and then converted into the respective fatty alcohol derivatives.

[0210] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol derivatives obtained in step C) derived from macauba pulp and from plants having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) are mixed with fatty alcohol derivatives obtained from a fatty alcohol composition derived from palm oil (PO) and from plants having an oil yield of less than 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) and then converted into the respective fatty alcohol derivatives.

[0211] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to surfactants obtainable by the method disclosed above. In this context, suitable surfactants are selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

[0212] Suitable fatty alcohol sulfates are those of the general formula (I) RO-SO3M (I), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl and M is a suitable counterion, e.g., triethanolammonium, Na + , K + or NH4 + , preferably sodium).

[0213] Suitable fatty alcohol ether sulfates are represented by the general formula (II) RO(CH2CH2O) n -SO3M (II), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14alkyl, n is an average number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 5, and M is a suitable counter ion, e.g., triethanolammonium, Na + , K + or NH4 + , preferably sodium).

[0214] Suitable fatty esters are those of the general formula (III) RO-CO-R 1 (III), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 1 But, C1~C 24 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, or heterocyclyl.

[0215] As used herein, the term "fatty amine" includes primary fatty amines, ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty amine oxides, and amine salts.

[0216] Suitable fatty amines are those of the general formula (IV) R-NR 2 R 2’ (IV), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 2 and R 2’ are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C8 alkylene-NR 21 R 22 where R 21 and R 22 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.

[0217] Suitable ethoxylated fatty amines are represented by the general formula (V): R-NR 3 R 4 (V), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 3 and R 4 are independently H or -(CH2CH2O) n -N, n is an average number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1.5 to 10, and N is H or C1 to C4 alkyl.

[0218] Suitable fatty amine oxides are represented by the general formula (VI): R-NR 5 R 6 O (VI), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 5 and R 6 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.

[0219] Suitable amine salts include, for example, those of the general formula (VII) R-NR 7 R 8 R 9 Q (VII), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are independently H or C1 to C 16 Alkyl, preferably H or C4-C 10and Q is halide, hydrogen sulfate, bicarbonate, benzoate, formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate, preferably chloride. In this regard, it should be understood that the positive charge is on the nitrogen and the negative charge is on Q.

[0220] In a preferred embodiment, the amine salt is represented by the general formula (VII) R-NR 7 R 8 R 9 Q (VII), (Wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated C 12 ~C 20 Alkyl, preferably C 14 ~C 18 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are independently H or C1 to C5 alkyl, preferably methyl, and Q is a halide, preferably chloride.

[0221] Suitable fatty alcohol glycosides are represented by the general formula (VIII): ROG (VIII), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl and G is preferably a glucose moiety linked via the C1 carbon atom.

[0222] Suitable fatty alkyl polyglucosides are of the general formula (IX) RO-(G) g -H (IX), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C8-C 10 Alkyl or C8-C 14Alkyl or C 12 ~C 14 wherein G is preferably a glucose moiety linked via the C1 and C4 carbon atoms, and g is an average number from 1 to 50, preferably from 5 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 5, even more preferably from 1 to 2, and most preferably from 1.2 to 1.8.

[0223] Suitable fatty ethers are those of the general formula (X) ROR 10 (X), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, more preferably C8-C 14 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 10 is C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, or heterocyclyl.

[0224] Suitable fatty alcohol ethoxylates are represented by the general formula (XI) RO-(CH2CH2O) m -R 11 (XI), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, more preferably C 12 ~C 18 Alkyl, even more preferably C 12 ~C 16 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, m is an average number of 0.5 to 50, preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 1.5 to 10, even more preferably 0.5 to 10, and most preferably 0.7 to 3; R 11 is H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, or heterocyclyl.

[0225] Suitable fatty amides are represented by the general formula (XII) R-NR 12 -CO-R 13 (XII), (In the formula, R is saturated or unsaturated C4~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 12 is H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H; R 13 But, C3~C 24 Alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, heterocyclyl, or C1-C8 alkylene-NR 14 R 14’ where R 14 and R 14’ is independently C1-C4 alkyl.

[0226] As described above, the present invention provides C4 fatty alcohols, C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohol, C 22 Fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, preferably C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, more preferably C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, even more preferably C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, in particular C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 A method for producing fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, comprising the steps of: extracting C4 fatty alcohols, C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C10 fatty alcohols, C12 fatty alcohols, C14 fatty alcohols, C16 fatty alcohols, C18 fatty alcohols, C19 fatty alcohols, C20 fatty alcohols, C21 fatty alcohols, C22 fatty alcohols, C23 fatty alcohols, C24 fatty alcohols, C25 fatty alcohols, C26 fatty alcohols, C27 fatty alcohols, C28 fatty alcohols, C29 fatty alcohols, C30 fatty alcohols, C31 fatty alcohols, C32 fatty alcohols, C33 fatty alcohols, C34 fatty alcohols, C35 fatty alcohols, C36 fatty alcohols, C37 fatty alcohols, C38 fatty alcohols, C39 fatty alcohols, C40 fatty alcohols, C41 fatty alcohols, C42 fatty alcohols, C43 fatty alcohols, C44 fatty alcohols 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohols and / or C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols and / or C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohols and / or C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohols and / or C 16 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 Fatty alcohol and / or C 14 The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of separating fatty alcohols and, optionally, mixing at least two of the separated fatty alcohols.

[0227] It should be understood that where the method provides a blend, the mixing step is not optional.

[0228] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides 10 Fatty alcohol, C12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohols, and C 16 A method for producing a fatty alcohol blend comprising the steps of: 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohols, and C 16 Separating the fatty alcohol, and subsequently, separating the separated C 10 Fatty alcohols, isolated C 12 Fatty alcohols, isolated C 14 Fatty alcohols and separated C 16 The method includes the step of mixing a fatty alcohol.

[0229] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides 12 Fatty alcohols and C 14 A method for producing a fatty alcohol blend comprising the steps of: 12 Fatty alcohols and C 14 Separating the fatty alcohol, and subsequently, separating the separated C 12 Fatty alcohols and separated C 14 The method includes the step of mixing a fatty alcohol.

[0230] The present invention also relates to, for example, C4 fatty alcohols, C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohols and / or C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols and / or C 20Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohols and / or C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohols and / or C 16 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 Fatty alcohol and / or C 14 A method for producing fatty alcohols comprising the steps of: extracting C4 fatty alcohols, C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohol, C 20 Fatty alcohols and / or C 22 Fatty alcohols, preferably C6 fatty alcohols, C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohol, C 18 Fatty alcohols and / or C 20 Fatty alcohols, more preferably C8 fatty alcohols, C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohol, C 16 Fatty alcohols and / or C 18 Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C 10 Fatty alcohol, C 12 Fatty alcohol, C 14 Fatty alcohols and / or C 16 Fatty alcohols, especially C 12 Fatty alcohol and / or C 14 The present invention relates to a method comprising the step of separating fatty alcohols.

[0231] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to the use of the surfactants as outlined above in personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations.

[0232] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in face care compositions, hair care compositions, body care compositions, oral care compositions, or personal care compositions selected from the group consisting of antiperspirants and deodorants.

[0233] Suitable cosmetic formulations which contain active ingredients are, for example, hormone preparations, vitamin preparations, vegetable extract preparations and antibacterial preparations.

[0234] In accordance with the present invention, the personal care compositions may contain one or more active agents, such as organic and inorganic UV filters and vitamins, as well as other ingredients or additives, such as pigments, emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.

[0235] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are used in sunscreens.

[0236] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in decorative formulations selected from the group consisting of lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry or wet make-ups, blushers, powders, depilatories and suntan lotions.

[0237] The personal care composition may preferably be in the form of a cream, ointment, paste, foam, gel, lotion, powder, make-up, spray, stick or aerosol.

[0238] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the active agent.

[0239] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in cleaning compositions selected from the group consisting of home care formulations, industrial care formulations, and institutional care formulations.

[0240] In preferred embodiments, the cleaning composition is selected from the group consisting of laundry compositions (personal and commercial), dishwashing compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, food service and kitchen hygiene compositions, food and beverage processing compositions, sanitation compositions, institutional cleaning compositions, industrial cleaning compositions, and vehicle and transportation care compositions.

[0241] The cleaning composition may contain at least one bleaching system known in the art in an amount of 0-50% by weight. Suitable bleaching components include bleach catalysts, photobleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide sources such as sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate, preformed peracids, and mixtures thereof.

[0242] The cleaning composition may further comprise soil suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose; pH adjusting agents, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicates; disinfectants; foam regulators, such as soaps; salts for adjusting spray drying and granulation properties, such as sodium sulfate; fragrances; antistatic agents; softening agents; further bleaching agents; pigments; and / or toning agents.

[0243] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the ingredients.

[0244] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in nutritional formulations from the group selected from food formulations and feed formulations. The nutritional formulations may have any suitable form, e.g. liquid or solid, and may be administered or ingested in any suitable manner, e.g. orally, parenterally or rectally.

[0245] For the preparation of nutritional formulations, or premixes or precursors, the method may comprise mixing a stabilized solid and / or liquid formulation comprising at least one or more foods and at least one further ingredient, such as a stabilizer.

[0246] Suitable stabilizers may be selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, at least one plant protein and mixtures thereof. It is understood that the stabilizer may be selected from only one agent, such as gum arabic, or may be composed of, for example, a mixture of one plant protein and gum arabic, or a mixture of two or three or more different plant proteins. In one embodiment, the stabilizer is gum arabic. In another embodiment, the stabilizer is at least one plant protein.

[0247] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the ingredients.

[0248] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are used in pharmaceutical formulations.The pharmaceutical formulations can be administered in any suitable manner, such as by oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal or rectal application.Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulations can be in the form of tablets, suppositories or capsules or in the form of sprays.Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations include formulations such as patches or sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders or gels.Suitable liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally or nasally.

[0249] The pharmaceutical formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid or liquid form, preferably in the form of a tablet, suppository, capsule, patch, spray, lotion, cream, oil, foam, ointment, powder, gel, or fluid.

[0250] The pharmaceutical formulation includes at least one active agent selected from the group consisting of, for example, anti-cancer agents, hormones, anti-viral agents, anti-fungal agents, anti-bacterial agents, and inhibitors.

[0251] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the active agent.

[0252] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants as outlined above are used in crop formulations, preferably selected from the group consisting of pesticide formulations, fungicide formulations and herbicidal formulations.

[0253] The crop formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid or liquid form. Preferably, the crop formulation is suitable for a ready-to-use spray.

[0254] In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide formulation comprises a pesticide selected from the group consisting of chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, imazalil, DDT, toxaphene, lindane, methoxychlor, dieldrin, kelthane, chlordane, perthane, endrin, aldrin, and heptachlor.

[0255] In a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal formulation comprises a fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, fenbuconazole, boscalid, penthiopyrad, bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, fluopyram, and thifluzamide.

[0256] In a preferred embodiment, the herbicide formulation comprises a herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, imidazolinones (such as imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic (e.g., Kifix), imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr), and cyclohexanediones (such as tepraloxydim and clethodim).

[0257] Suitable herbicidal formulations are used against unwanted harmful plants, in particular Acalypha spp., such as Acalypha indica, Dinebra spp., such as Dinebra arabica, Cynotis spp., such as Cynotis axillaris, Parthenium spp., such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Physalis spp., Physalis minima, Digera spp., Digera arvensis, Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spicaventi, Brachiaria deflexa, Brachiaria species such as Brachiaria deflexa or Brachiaria plantaginia, Echinochloa species such as Echinochloa colonum, Leptochloa species such as Leptochloa fusca, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Saccharum spontaneum, Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia geniculata, Commelina benghalensis, Commelina communis), some undesirable Oryza species such as weedy rice or red rice (Oryza sativa), Phalaris species such as Phalaris canariensis, Celosia argentea, Xanthium strumarium, Papaver somniferum, and others.rhoeas, Geranium spp., Brassica spp., Avena fatua, Bromus spp., Lolium spp., Phalaris spp., Setaria spp., Digitaria spp., Brachiaria spp., Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp., Abutilon theophrasti, Galium spp. aparine, Veronica species, or Solanum species, and / or to improve their compatibility with crop plants such as soybean, peanut, pea, kidney bean, lentil, mung bean, black gram, guar gram, fenugreek, palm, other cereal or legume crops, or crops that are resistant to the action of herbicides inhibiting acetohydroxyacid synthase, e.g. Clearfield® wheat, Clearfield® barley, Clearfield® corn, Clearfield® lentil, Clearfield® rapeseed or canola, Clearfield® rice, Cultivance® soybean, and / or Clearfield® sunflower. The formulations should also have good pre-emergence herbicidal activity.

[0258] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify surfaces, and / or protect crops.

[0259] In a preferred embodiment, the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop preparation comprises at least two surfactants.In this regard, it should be understood that the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop preparation can comprise at least two of the surfactants outlined above, at least three of the surfactants outlined above, or at least one of the surfactants outlined above, in combination with at least one additional different surfactant.The at least one additional different surfactant can be a fatty acid surfactant (e.g. sulfonate, amide, isethionate, taurate, glycolipid, amino acid, esterquat, sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, amphoacetate, betaine, amide alkanolamide, alkoxylated fatty acid ester and fatty acid methyl ester or its sulfonate).

[0260] Possible mixtures of one of the surfactants outlined above are listed below: Preferably, these surfactants are also derived from Macauba oil, with the exception of Nr. 18 and Nr. 20.

[0261] [Table 1]

[0262] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation comprising the surfactants as outlined above in more detail. It should be understood that the further specifications of the use of the surfactants in the respective personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop formulation also apply to the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation, or crop formulation. EXAMPLES

[0263] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0264] The following example is considered for Macaubay palm (eg, having registration number AEB402A) which has an oil yield (tonnes per hectare per year) of about 9.0 t / ha / yr.

[0265] Measurement method a) Free fatty acid content The determination of the free fatty acid content in the oil was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 660, the method used to measure the acid number was ISO 4314 and the method for the determination of the saponification number was DIN EN ISO 3657 / DIN EN ISO 3681.

[0266] b) Comparative low-temperature stability test The samples (32 grams each) are filled into glass vials (diameter 2.5 cm, height 8.5 cm). They are first kept overnight in an oven at a temperature (here 45° C.) that ensures that the samples are completely dissolved and become transparent. The next day, the vials are immersed in a regulated water bath (23° C.) so that the sample level is below the water level. The temperature of the water bath is gradually reduced (−2 K / h to 17° C., then −1 K / h to 15° C.). Finally, the appearance of the cooled samples is observed. The samples are then removed from the water bath and kept at room temperature (RT=23° C.) for another 16 hours. The appearance is observed again.

[0267] c) Thickening behavior 200 g of sample is charged into a beaker and sodium chloride is added to the sample. The sample is then mixed until the salt is dissolved. The sample is kept at room temperature (23° C.) until the air bubbles introduced during mixing have disappeared. The viscosity is measured using a Brookfield RV laboratory rheometer at 12 rpm, spindle setting RV 02-07 (spindle selection depending on viscosity range). The appearance of the sample is also visually examined. The weight % NaCl is calculated as the weight of NaCl added per 200 g.

[0268] d) Foaming behavior A solution of surfactant sample is prepared (1 l in total) with a concentration of 1 g active substance / liter and a pH of 5.5 (adjusted with citric acid or sodium hydroxide solution). The sample solution is prepared with deionized water (0 dH) and adjusted to 15° C. The foam measurement is carried out with a Foam Expert device (SITA Messtechnik GmbH). 250 ml of the solution is filled into the stirring vessel, then stirred at 1300 rpm for 10 seconds, then the total volume and the liquid volume are measured (so that foam volume = total volume - liquid volume). The stirring and volume measurement are carried out 18 times. The sample is then poured off, the stirring vessel is cleaned with deionized water and the same measurement (250 ml, 18 x 10 seconds) is repeated two more times. The results for foam and liquid volume over the stirring time are calculated as the average value of three repetitions. Usually the foam volume shows an asymptotic development. The following characteristic data can be obtained: Max foam volume [ml] Time to maximum foam volume [sec] = Mixing time until maximum foam volume is achieved. Foam formation half time [sec] = mixing time until 1 / 2 of the maximum foam volume is achieved.

[0269] e) Methods for extracting oil from fruits The oil is extracted by pressing at low temperature in a dry route process in which the fruit is dried and then pulped and only after these steps is the pulp / kernel pressed.

[0270] material: a) PKO / CNO-FAS 49% by weight (based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition) 12 Fatty alcohol and 17% by weight of C 14 Naturally occurring C6-C fatty alcohols 20 Natural C obtained from fatty alcohol composition 12 / 14 The fatty alcohol sulfate based on the fatty alcohol has a C content of at least 95% by weight (based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol fraction composition). 12 ~C 14It was fractionated to contain fatty alcohols. PKO / CNO-FAS is an aqueous solution of fatty alcohol sulfates with an active substance content of 29.8% by weight, a water content of 64.6% by weight and a sodium sulfate content of 3.2% by weight. The pH value is 11.3.

[0271] b) MCO-FAS 40% by weight (based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition) 12 Fatty alcohol and 10% by weight of C 14 Naturally occurring C6-C fatty alcohols 20 Natural C obtained from fatty alcohol composition 12 / 14 The fatty alcohol sulfate based on the fatty alcohol has a C content of at least 95% by weight (based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol fraction composition). 12 ~C 14 It was fractionated to contain fatty alcohols. MCO-FAS is an aqueous solution of fatty alcohol sulfates with an active substance content of 28.3% by weight, a water content of 65.3% by weight and a sodium sulfate content of 3.5% by weight. The pH value is 11.8.

[0272] c) APG Standard commercial C 12 ~C 16 Fatty alcohol glycoside, active substance content: 50-53% by weight, water fraction: 47-50% by weight, pH approx. 11.5-12.5 (Plantacare 1200 UP, BASF BPCN)

[0273] d) Laboratory chemicals DI Water: Deionized Water; Citric Acid (water free, analytical grade) CAS 77-92-9; Sodium Hydroxide (10% solution, analytical grade) CAS 1310-73-2; Sodium Chloride (purity >99%) CAS 7647-14-5

[0274] Example 1 of the present invention (IE1) Macauba palms are planted on cattle ranches, for example at about 380 trees per hectare. Macauba palms are grown on existing fields (silvopastoral), so no deforestation is required and farmers can sell the macauba fruit in addition to livestock and / or milk production. 312 macauba palms were planted per hectare. Each palm produces 61kg to 90kg of fruit / hectare per year (depending on the maturity of the palm and the growing conditions). Harvesting takes place only once a year during the rainy season (October to January). Approximately 3% of the fruit is kernel oil and 8% is pulp oil.

[0275] Example 2 of the present invention (IE2) Macaubay palm is planted in soybean plantations (with a growth height of about 20-80 cm and an oil yield of about 0.6 t / ha / yr), for example with about 340 trees per hectare. Also, no deforestation is necessary, since the Macaubay palm is grown in existing plantations (agroforestry). Soybeans can be grown in parallel, since the Macaubay palm grows to a maximum height of about 15 meters. In this connection, it is also possible to grow at least one further different plant (with a growth height of about 1-7 m), for example sunflower (with an oil yield of about 0.7 t / ha / yr) or kidney beans in parallel.

[0276] As can be seen from the above examples, deforestation can be significantly reduced by cultivating macaubay palm. Furthermore, biodiversity can be increased. Furthermore, even if macaubay palm is not cultivated as a monoculture, the total oil yield can be equivalent to that of oil palm (which has an oil yield of about 3.8 t / ha / yr) monoculture, due to the higher oil yield defined on macaubay palm. Without being bound by theory, degraded areas and springs and watersheds can be more easily restored with plants with improved oil yield. Furthermore, water retention in the soil is improved.

[0277] Example 3 of the present invention (IE3) The MCO-FAS, APG and deionized water were weighed and mixed so that the final composition contained 8.0% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate active and 2.0% by weight of APG active. The pH was adjusted to 5.2 with citric acid.

[0278] Comparative Example 4 (CE4) PKO / CNO-FAS, APG and deionized water were weighed and mixed so that the final composition contained 8.0% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate active and 2.0% by weight of APG active. The pH was adjusted to 5.2 with citric acid.

[0279] [Table 2]

[0280] Table 1 shows that the formulation based on MCO-FAS (IE3) has better stability at low temperatures; its appearance remains unchanged when cooled. The formulation based on PKO / CNO-FAS (CE4) is not stable at low temperatures and the appearance change does not reverse even when returned to room temperature.

[0281] [Table 3]

[0282] Table 2 shows that the MCO-FAS (IE3) based formulation could be easily thickened with NaCl, followed by the CNO / PKO-FAS based formulation (CE4). When the same amount of NaCl was added, IE3 achieved a higher viscosity than CE4 and remained clear, while CE4 became cloudy, which is undesirable.

[0283] [Table 4]

[0284] Table 3 shows that MCO-FAS and PKO / CNO-FAS achieve comparable maximum foam volumes, but MCO-FAS achieves this maximum volume much faster, thus the flash foam behavior of MCO-FAS is better.

Claims

1. 1. A method for producing a fatty alcohol composition, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tonnes / hectare / year) into said fatty alcohol composition.

2. the macaubayashi palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and / or 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

3. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step a) the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions.

4. Step a) i) hydrogenation, preferably transesterification and hydrogenation, in particular transesterification followed by hydrogenation or ii) hydrolysis, preferably hydrolysis and hydrogenation, in particular hydrolysis followed by hydrogenation The method of claim 1 , comprising:

5. The fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C ４ ~C ２２ Fatty alcohols, preferably C ６ ~C ２０ Fatty alcohols, more preferably C ８ ~C １８ Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C ８ ~C １６ Fatty alcohol or C １６ ~C １８ Fatty alcohols, especially C １０ ~C １６ The method of claim 1 comprising a fatty alcohol.

6. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the macaubay palm has an oil yield (tonnes per hectare per year) in the range of 6 to 30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7 to 20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8 to 15 t / ha / yr.

7. The method comprises:

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: b) converting the fatty alcohol to a derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

8. A fatty alcohol composition obtainable by the method of claim 1.

9. A fatty alcohol composition obtained from the fruit of the macaubay palm having an oil yield of at least 6 t / ha / yr (tons / hectare / year), wherein the oil obtained from the macaubay palm is converted into the fatty alcohol composition.

10. 10. The fatty alcohol composition according to claim 9, wherein the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruit, preferably wherein the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably wherein the oil is extracted from macaubay kernel, in particular wherein the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

11. At least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, ４ ~C ２２ Fatty alcohols, preferably C ６ ~C ２０ Fatty alcohols, more preferably C ８ ~C １８ Fatty alcohols, even more preferably C ８ ~C １６ Fatty alcohol or C １６ ~C １８ Fatty alcohols, especially C １０ ~C １６ Fatty alcohol or C １２ ~C １４ 9. The fatty alcohol composition of claim 8, comprising a fatty alcohol.

12. C ４ Fatty alcohols, C ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ Fatty alcohols, C ２０ Fatty alcohols, C ２２ Use of the fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11 for producing a fatty alcohol or a blend thereof.

13. 1. A method for producing a surfactant, comprising: A) from the fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11, C ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ Fatty alcohols, and C ２０ separating the fatty alcohol selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols; B) optionally mixing at least two of the separated fatty alcohols; C) C ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ Fatty alcohols, and C ２０ converting at least one of the separated fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols to a respective fatty alcohol derivative selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty alcohol glycosides, fatty alkyl polyglucosides, fatty ethers, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates. A method comprising:

14. The fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11 applied in step A) is first mixed with a fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably said fatty alcohol composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr being derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO), or 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the fatty alcohol derivatives obtained in step C) are mixed with fatty alcohol derivatives obtained from a fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr and then converted into the respective fatty alcohol derivatives, preferably wherein the fatty alcohol composition obtained from plants having an oil yield (tonnes / hectare / year) of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

15. A surfactant obtainable by the method of claim 13.

16. C ４ Fatty alcohols, C ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ Fatty alcohols, C ２０ Fatty alcohols, C ２２ Fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, preferably C ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ Fatty alcohols, C ２０ Fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, more preferably C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, even more preferably C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, and / or blends thereof, in particular C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ A method for producing fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof, comprising the steps of: extracting fatty alcohols and / or blends thereof from a fatty alcohol composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11; ４ Fatty alcohols, C ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ Fatty alcohols, C ２０ fatty alcohols, and / or C ２２ Fatty alcohols, preferably those mentioned above ６ Fatty alcohols, C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ Fatty alcohols, C １８ fatty alcohols, and / or C ２０ Fatty alcohols, more preferably the C ８ Fatty alcohols, C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ Fatty alcohols, C １６ fatty alcohols, and / or C １８ Fatty alcohols, even more preferably the C １０ Fatty alcohols, C １２ Fatty alcohols, C １４ fatty alcohols, and / or C １６ Fatty alcohols, particularly those mentioned above １２ Fatty alcohol and / or C １４ A method comprising the steps of separating fatty alcohols and, optionally, mixing at least two of said separated fatty alcohols.

17. 16. Use of the surfactant of claim 15 in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation.

18. 16. A personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation comprising the surfactant of claim 15.