Systems and methods for retinal stimulation and / or collection of retinal signal data - Patents.com

Abstract

A method and system for retinal stimulation and retinal signal data collection is disclosed. The system includes a housing. The housing supports one or more light sources configured to expose the retina of an individual's eye to a flash of light. The housing supports a spectrometer configured to record the light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light. The housing supports a camera configured to capture image data of the eye during exposure to the flash of light.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 308,169, filed February 9, 2022, and U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 345,419, filed June 11, 2021, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

[0002] The present technology relates to systems and methods for optical retinal stimulation, collection of retinal signal data, and / or processing of retinal signal data. [Background technology]

[0003] A signal is generally a function that conveys information about the behavior of a physical or physiological system or a characteristic of some phenomenon. Retinal signal data, such as electroretinogram (ERG) data, may be collected for analysis. Retinal signal data may be collected using a sensor, such as one or more electrodes, attached to an individual. The electrodes may capture an electrical signal. The electrical signal originates from specific cells located in the retina. The electrical signal is triggered by and responds to light stimulation. A light stimulator may be used to trigger the electrical signal. In ophthalmology and optometry applications, ERGs are often recorded to assess retinal function. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] Artal, “Advances in Optics and Photonics”, 2014, 6: 340~367 [Non-Patent Document 2] Jozwik et al., Journal of Vision, 2021, 21(3):6, 1-9 [Non-Patent Document 3] Atchison and Smith, "Optics of the Human Eye", Elsevier Science Ltd, 2000 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] During retinal stimulation and retinal signal data acquisition, various factors may affect the retinal signal data, such as eye and eyelid movements, the intensity and wavelength of the light stimulus, the intensity and wavelength of the background light, the light intensity waveform, the duration and sequence of the light stimulus, the area of ​​the retina that is illuminated, the length of time the retinal signal data is collected, and / or other characteristics of the circuitry or individual that collects the electrical signal. It is an object of the present technology to improve upon at least some of the limitations existing in the prior art. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The embodiments of the present technology were developed based on the developers' understanding of some of the shortcomings associated with existing systems for collecting retinal signal data. The characteristics of the retinal signal data induced by light stimulation are directly dependent on the characteristics of the light stimulation. The characteristics of the light stimulation that triggers the retinal signal data can be collected and used during the analysis of the retinal signal data. This collected light stimulation data can be used to extract biomarkers and / or collect relevant descriptors (biosignatures) from the retinal signal data. Furthermore, the light stimulation characteristics can be taken into account when analyzing the retinal signal data as a covariate of the retinal signal data.

[0007] Existing systems for collecting retinal signal data may not collect data about an individual that may be related to the retinal signal data, such as eye position, pupil size, pupil area, illumination axis of the light beam (optical axis), the part of the retina stimulated, and / or other data about the individual. In reality, the amount of light that reaches the retina and the part of the retina that is illuminated depends not only on the area of ​​the pupil, but also on the illumination axis of the light beam (i.e., optical axis) and the movement (rotation) of the eye about this axis. Existing systems for collecting retinal signal data may not collect data about systems that may affect the retinal signal data, such as timing information, the angle at which the light reaches the retina, light intensity, light spectrum, light intensity waveform, duration and sequence of light stimulation, and / or other data about the system that triggers the retinal signal and / or collects the data. Existing systems may only record the intended values ​​included in the settings rather than measuring this data, and may not continuously record and / or control the actual values ​​in real time. The set point and actual measured value may differ for a variety of reasons, including design and manufacturing issues, component tolerances, component wear, calibration variations, and lack of real-time measurement and / or control.

[0008] The system described herein may allow for more precise control of various parameters during light stimulation of the retina and subsequent collection of retinal signal data. It may also allow for continuous adjustment of those values ​​according to the actual values ​​measured. This may lead to improvements in the collected retinal signal data, such as reduced artifacts, improved relevance of the collected data, increased accuracy of the collected retinal signal data, collection of information that directly affects the retinal signal data that may be used to analyze the retinal signal data, and / or other improvements.

[0009] The retinal signal data may include artifacts. These artifacts may prevent further analysis of the retinal signal data. These artifacts may also be temporary or occur within a very short period of time, making them difficult or impossible to detect without continuous monitoring. It may be preferable to use retinal signal data that is artifact-free and / or contains fewer artifacts. The dynamic resistance of the circuit that collects the retinal signal data, such as the impedance of the circuit, may be used to determine whether the retinal signal data contains artifacts. U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 345,419, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, describes methods and systems that may be used to remove artifacts from and / or reduce the impact of artifacts on the retinal signal data.

[0010] The embodiments of the present technology were developed based on the developers' observation that data acquired in an electroretinogram (ERG) may provide some insight into determining conditions such as medical conditions. However, existing methods for collecting and analyzing an electroretinogram (ERG) can only collect and analyze a limited amount of information from the captured electrical signal. It has been found that expanding the nature and amount of information collected about the retinal response to light stimulation allows for the generation of retinal signal data that is more information dense, more informative, and / or with additional types of information. This method for collecting more information dense retinal signal data allows for multimodal mapping of electrical signals and / or other data, and allows for the detection of additional information in the multimodal mapping specific to a condition. The multimodal mapping may include multiple parameters of the retinal signal data, such as time, frequency, light stimulation parameters, areas of the retina affected by the light stimulation, and / or other parameters.

[0011] During traditional ERG recording, some types of information or data that have a direct impact on the retinal signal are not collected. However, developers have realized that the triggered electrical signal may be directly dependent on these parameters, so embodiments of the present technology include real-time measurement of any one or more of the following: light spectrum, light intensity, morphology of the light stimulation signal, illuminated site, pupil size, pupil position, and / or impedance of the circuitry that collects the electrical signal. The systems described herein may be configured to measure some or all of these parameters.

[0012] Embodiments of the present technology form the basis for the collection and / or processing of retinal signal data having a greater amount of information, a greater density of information, and / or additional types of information details compared to conventional ERG data. The number and / or range of light intensities of light stimuli may be increased. In some embodiments, this retinal signal data allows for mathematical modeling of data sets including multiple pieces of information, as well as the ability to identify biomarkers and / or biosignatures in the retinal signal data using specific patterns of retinal signals detected, for example, in some pathological conditions. Some non-essential embodiments of the present technology also provide methods for collecting retinal signal data having a greater amount of information, a greater density of information, and / or additional types of information compared to conventional ERG data.

[0013] In some cases, the retinal signal data, or other signal data associated with light stimulation, may include artifacts. The artifacts may include distorted signals, interference, and / or other types of artifacts. The artifacts may occur through one or more of the following: unintentional capture of signals not originating from the retina, misalignment of electrodes, changes in ground or reference electrode contact, photomyoclonus reflex, eyelid blinking, eye movement, and / or external electrical interference. These artifacts may constrain or distort further analysis of the retinal signal data. It would be beneficial to be able to remove, compensate for, or prevent these artifacts.

[0014] Parameters of the electrical signal emitted by the individual may be measured, such as voltage, current, impedance, conductance, and / or other parameters, such as other parameters related to the circuitry collecting the retinal signal. The parameters may be measured continuously over a period of time during which the individual may be exposed to a flash of light. Parameters of the flash of light may be measured, such as the light intensity, spectrum, timing and morphology of the flash of light, and / or other parameters of the flash of light. Characteristics of the individual, such as pupil size and / or other characteristics of the individual that may affect the retinal signal data, may be measured before, during, and / or after the flash of light.

[0015] The data collected before the flash may be used as calibration data. The data collected after the flash may be retinal signal data. Reference parameters of the electrical circuit capturing the electrical signal may be determined using the calibration data, such as a reference voltage, a reference current, a reference impedance, and / or other parameters. Based on the reference impedance, a threshold impedance may be determined. The retinal signal data may be compared to the threshold impedance. If the impedance of the circuit exceeds the threshold impedance during collection of the retinal signal data, it may be determined that there is an artifact in the retinal signal data or other event that may be noted and / or corrected. The amount of change in the impedance of the circuit and / or the rate of change in impedance may also be determined as an indication of the presence of an artifact.

[0016] In a conventional ERG, a flash with the same parameters may be repeated multiple times, such as ten times. Electrical signals in response to the flashes may be collected each time. Data on those electrical signals may be averaged, such as by determining an average voltage of the electrical signals. The same flashes (i.e., flashes with the same flash parameters) may be repeated to reduce the effect of artifacts on the collected data. For example, if a flash is repeated ten times and artifacts are present in the electrical signals in response to one of the flashes, the effect of those artifacts is reduced by combining the data collected after that flash with data collected after the other nine flashes.

[0017] Artifacts may be detected through other means, such as monitoring the dynamic resistance of the collection circuit, such as the impedance, admittance, and / or susceptance of the circuit that collects the electrical signal. Rather than repeating the same flash multiple times, retinal signal data responsive to a single flash and / or a smaller number of flashes may be collected. The retinal signal data may be analyzed to determine whether the retinal signal data includes an artifact. For example, the impedance of the retinal signal data may be compared to a threshold impedance. If the impedance of the retinal signal data does not exceed the threshold impedance, it may be determined that the retinal signal data does not include an artifact. The retinal signal data may then be stored. In this manner, retinal signal data may be collected without repeating flashes having the same parameters and / or the number of times flashes having the same parameters are repeated may be reduced. This may shorten the time used to collect the retinal signal data and / or reduce the impact of artifacts on the retinal signal data.

[0018] In some embodiments, more efficient processing of retinal signal data is possible compared to ERG data collected using conventional methods. The advantage of retinal signal data compared to conventional ERG data is that it benefits from a greater amount of information about the electrical signal. This additional data can be used to identify artifacts in the retinal signal data, remove artifacts in the retinal signal data, reduce artifacts in the retinal signal data, and / or otherwise compensate for artifacts in the retinal signal data.

[0019] In some embodiments, artifacts are detected and / or removed from the retinal signal data. The artifacts may be detected and / or removed after the collection of the retinal signal data is completed and / or in real-time during the collection of the retinal signal data. If an artifact is detected during the collection of the retinal signal data, an indication that an artifact has been detected may be displayed to an operator. Parameters of the flash of light triggered prior to the retinal signal data with the artifact may be determined, and a flash of light having the same parameters may be triggered. Retinal signal data occurring after the flash of light may be captured and / or stored for further analysis.

[0020] As described above, parameters of the light to which an individual is exposed either directly (light stimulus) or indirectly (background light) may be collected, such as the spectrum, intensity, form, and sequence of light. If the measured spectrum, intensity, form, or sequence of light does not match the specified spectrum, intensity, form, or sequence of light, settings may be adjusted and a flash with the new settings may be triggered to collect retinal signal data generated in response to the desired spectrum, intensity, form, and / or sequence of light.

[0021] According to a first broad aspect of the present technology, there is provided an apparatus for retinal stimulation comprising a housing supporting one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of an individual to a flash of light, a spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, and a camera configured to capture image data of the eye during exposure to the flash of light.

[0022] In some implementations of the device, the device is a head-mounted device to be worn on an individual's head.

[0023] In some implementations of the device, the device comprises a blind for surrounding the individual's eyes, the blind configured to block extraneous light from entering the individual's eyes.

[0024] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a light reflector configured to direct light from the one or more light sources toward the individual's eye.

[0025] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera, the controller configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer.

[0026] In some implementations of the device, the controller comprises control circuitry supported by the housing and configured to receive data from the spectrometer.

[0027] In some implementations of the device, the camera is in communication with a controller, and the controller executes instructions to determine the position of the individual's eyes, the size of the individual's eye pupils, or the shape of the individual's eyes based on data received from the camera.

[0028] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and configured to collect electrical signals from the individual.

[0029] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and configured to collect electrical signals from the individual, the one or more electrodes communicatively connectable to a controller, the controller configured to receive the electrical signal data from the electrodes.

[0030] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a battery for providing power to one or more of the light source(s), the spectrometer, and the camera.

[0031] In some implementations of the apparatus, the apparatus further comprises a networking device.

[0032] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a safety module configured to monitor a temperature of the device.

[0033] In some implementations of the apparatus, the apparatus further comprises one or more amplifiers and one or more filters.

[0034] In some implementations of the device, the one or more light sources comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs).

[0035] In some implementations of the device, the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera define a first subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a first eye of the individual, and the device further includes a second subsystem configured for retinal stimulation for a second eye of the individual, the second subsystem including another set of light sources, a spectrometer, and a camera.

[0036] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a system for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the system including one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of an individual to a flash of light, a spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, and a controller communicatively coupled to one or more of the one or more light sources and the spectrometer, the controller configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer, expose the retina to the adjusted flash of light, and receive an electrical signal generated by the individual's retina in response to the adjusted flash of light.

[0037] In some implementations of the system, the controller comprises a processor of a computer system that is communicatively coupled to one or more light sources and a spectrometer.

[0038] In some implementations of the system, the controller includes a control circuit, the control circuit communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources, the control circuit communicatively coupled to the spectrometer and configured to receive data from the spectrometer.

[0039] In some implementations of the system, the system further includes a light reflector configured to direct light from the one or more light sources toward the individual's eyes, the light reflector being spheroidal and including an obscuring portion around a light outlet of the light reflector, the obscuring portion configured to surround the individual's eyes, and the obscuring portion configured to minimize or prevent external light from entering a housing of the system.

[0040] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and communicatively coupled to the controller, the electrodes configured to collect electrical signals generated by the individual's retina.

[0041] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a battery for providing power to one or more of the light sources and the spectrometer.

[0042] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a camera, the camera in communication with the controller, and the controller configured to execute instructions to determine an eye position of the individual, a pupil size of the individual's eye, or a shape of the individual's eye based on data received from the camera.

[0043] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a networking device, a safety module configured to monitor a temperature of the system, or one or more amplifiers and one or more filters.

[0044] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a housing configured to support the one or more light sources and the spectrometer, the housing having a portion for surrounding an individual's eye, and the housing having a wearable configuration.

[0045] In some implementations of the system, the housing comprises a helmet to be worn on the individual's head or eyewear configured to be worn over the eyes.

[0046] In some implementations of the system, the helmet or eyewear includes one or more straps for securing the helmet or eyewear to an individual.

[0047] In some implementations of the system, the one or more light sources comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs).

[0048] In some implementations of the system, the one or more light sources and spectrometer define a first subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a first eye of an individual, and the system further includes a second subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a second eye of the individual, the second subsystem including another set of light sources and another spectrometer.

[0049] In some implementations of the system, the parameters comprise wavelengths of one or more light sources or intensities of one or more light sources.

[0050] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a method for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the method being configured to be executed by a processor of a system for collecting retinal signal data, the method comprising the steps of causing one or more light sources to output a first flash of light of a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to an individual; receiving a measured wavelength and measured intensity of the first flash of light from the spectrometer; determining that the measured wavelength and measured intensity are not within a predetermined tolerance range of the selected wavelength and selected intensity; determining parameters for a second flash of light based on a difference between the selected wavelength and the measured wavelength and based on a difference between the selected intensity and the measured intensity; causing one or more light sources to output the second flash of light based on the parameters; and receiving retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the second flash of light from a sensor associated with the individual.

[0051] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises receiving, from the sensor, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the first flash of light.

[0052] In some implementations of the method, the one or more light sources and the spectrometer are integrated into a housing of the device, and the device further comprises a camera.

[0053] In some implementations of the method, the method further includes receiving data from the camera regarding the individual's pupils, and determining, based on the data from the camera, a size or shape of the pupils as viewed from a fixed point of the individual exposed to the second flash.

[0054] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining, based on the data from the camera, a location of the individual's retina that is exposed to the second flash of light.

[0055] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises adjusting the retinal signal data based on the size and shape of the pupil or deciding to re-record the retinal signal data based on the size and shape of the pupil.

[0056] In some implementations of the method, the method further includes receiving calibration data corresponding to the individual, determining a threshold impedance of the circuit from which the retinal signal data was collected based on the calibration data, determining that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance, and re-recording the retinal signal data after determining that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance.

[0057] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a system for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the system comprising: one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of an individual to a flash of light; a spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, such that the system is configured to collect an electrical signal generated by the individual's retina in response to the flash of light; at least one processor; and a memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to cause the one or more light sources to output a first flash of light of a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to the individual; receive from the spectrometer a measured wavelength and measured intensity of the first flash of light; determine that the measured wavelength and measured intensity are not within a predetermined tolerance range of the selected wavelength and selected intensity; determine parameters for a second flash of light based on a difference between the selected wavelength and the measured wavelength and based on a difference between the selected intensity and the measured intensity; cause the one or more light sources to output the second flash of light based on the parameters; and receive from electrodes associated with the individual retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the second flash of light.

[0058] In some implementations of the system, the retinal signal data comprises data from a spectrometer.

[0059] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to receive calibration data corresponding to the individual, determine a threshold impedance of the circuit from which the retinal signal data was collected based on the calibration data, determine that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance, and re-record the retinal signal data after determining that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance.

[0060] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a camera, and the instructions further cause the system to determine, based on data from the camera, a pupil size and shape of the individual exposed to the second flash.

[0061] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to receive, from the electrodes, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the first flash of light.

[0062] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, an apparatus for retinal stimulation is provided, the apparatus including a housing supporting a first light source configured to expose a retina of an individual's left eye to a first flash of light, a second light source configured to expose a retina of an individual's right eye to a second flash of light, a first spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the first flash of light from the first light source, a second spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the second flash of light from the second light source, a first camera configured to capture image data of the left eye during exposure to the first flash of light, and a second camera configured to capture image data of the right eye during exposure to the second flash of light.

[0063] In some implementations of the device, the first light source and the second light source are configured to output the first flash of light and the second flash of light simultaneously.

[0064] In some implementations of the device, the device further includes a controller communicatively coupled to the first light source and the first spectrometer, the controller configured to adjust the wavelength or intensity of the first light source based on data from the first spectrometer.

[0065] In some implementations of the apparatus, the controller is configured to adjust the wavelength or intensity of the second light source based on data from the second spectrometer.

[0066] In some implementations of the device, the device further includes a controller communicatively coupled to the first light source and the first camera, the controller configured to determine a distance between the first camera and the iris of the left eye, a distance between the first light source and the iris of the left eye, a pupil size of the left eye, a pupil shape of the left eye, or an eye position of the left eye.

[0067] In some implementations of the device, the device further includes a controller communicatively coupled to the second light source and the second camera, the controller configured to determine a distance between the second camera and the iris of the right eye, a distance between the second light source and the iris of the right eye, a pupil size of the right eye, a pupil shape of the right eye, or an eye position of the right eye.

[0068] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a method for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the method configured to be executed by a processor of a system for collecting retinal signal data, the method comprising: causing one or more light sources to output flashes of light of selected wavelengths and selected intensities to an individual; receiving from a camera an image of the individual's eye; and determining, based on the image, an area of ​​the retina of the eye that is exposed to the flash of light.

[0069] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining a distance between the camera and an iris of the eye based on the image, and determining a location of the retina comprises determining a location of the retina exposed to the flash of light based on the distance between the camera and the iris.

[0070] In some implementations of the method, the method further includes determining a distance between one or more light sources and an iris of the eye based on the image, and determining a portion of the retina by determining a portion of the retina exposed to the light source based on the distance between the one or more light sources and the iris.

[0071] In some implementations of the method, the method further includes determining a size, or shape, or area of ​​a pupil of the eye based on the image, and determining a location of the retina that is exposed to the flash of light based on the size, or shape, or area of ​​the pupil.

[0072] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining an eye position based on the image, and determining a location of the retina by determining a location of the retina exposed to the flash of light based on the eye position.

[0073] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, there is provided an apparatus for retinal stimulation comprising a housing supporting one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of an individual to a flash of light, a spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, and a camera configured to capture image data of the eye during exposure to the flash of light.

[0074] In some implementations of the device, the device is a head-mounted device to be worn on an individual's head.

[0075] In some implementations of the device, the device includes a blindfold for surrounding the individual's eyes.

[0076] In some implementations of the device, the blind is configured to block extraneous light from entering the individual's eyes.

[0077] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a light reflector configured to direct light from the one or more light sources toward the individual's eye.

[0078] In some implementations of the device, the device further includes a light at the bottom of the light reflector to ensure that the subject fixates their gaze and that the center of the visual axis is at the opening of the light reflector.

[0079] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a photometer, a spectrometer, and a camera coupled to the one or more light sources, and the photometer configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the photometer.

[0080] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera, the controller configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer or photometer.

[0081] In some implementations of the device, the controller comprises control circuitry supported by the housing and configured to receive data from the spectrometer.

[0082] In some implementations of the device, the camera is in communication with a controller, which executes instructions to determine the position of the individual's eyes or the size of the individual's eye pupils based on data received from the camera.

[0083] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and configured to collect electrical signals from the individual.

[0084] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and configured to collect electrical signals from the individual, the one or more electrodes communicatively connectable to a controller, the controller configured to receive the electrical signal data from the electrodes.

[0085] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a battery for providing power to one or more of the light source(s), the spectrometer, and the camera.

[0086] In some implementations of the apparatus, the apparatus further comprises a networking device.

[0087] In some implementations of the device, the device further comprises a safety module configured to monitor a temperature of the device.

[0088] In some implementations of the apparatus, the apparatus further comprises one or more amplifiers and one or more filters.

[0089] In some implementations of the device, the one or more light sources comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs).

[0090] In some implementations of the device, the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera define a first subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a first eye of the individual, and the device further includes a second subsystem configured for retinal stimulation for a second eye of the individual, the second subsystem including another set of light sources, a spectrometer, and a camera.

[0091] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, there is provided a system for retinal stimulation comprising the apparatus described above and a processor of a computer system configured to send instructions to and / or receive data from one or more light sources, a spectrometer, and a camera.

[0092] In some implementations of the system, the processor is configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer.

[0093] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a system for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the system including one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an individual's eye to a flash of light, a spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, and a controller communicatively coupled to one or more of the one or more light sources and the spectrometer, the controller configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer, expose the retina to the adjusted flash of light, and receive an electrical signal generated by the individual's retina in response to the adjusted flash of light.

[0094] In some implementations of the system, the controller comprises a processor of a computer system that is communicatively coupled to one or more light sources and a spectrometer.

[0095] In some implementations of the system, the controller comprises control circuitry that is communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources.

[0096] In some implementations of the system, the control circuitry is communicatively coupled to the spectrometer and configured to receive data from the spectrometer.

[0097] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a light reflector configured to direct light from the one or more light sources toward the individual's eye.

[0098] In some implementations of the system, the light reflector is a spheroid and includes an obscuring portion about a light outlet of the light reflector, the obscuring portion being configured to surround the individual's eyes.

[0099] In some implementations of the system, the obscuring portion is configured to minimize or prevent extraneous light from entering the housing of the system.

[0100] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and communicatively coupled to the controller, the electrodes configured to collect electrical signals generated by the individual's retina.

[0101] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a battery for providing power to one or more of the light sources and the spectrometer.

[0102] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a camera, the camera configured to monitor the individual's eye pupil size and / or eye position.

[0103] In some implementations of the system, the camera is in communication with a controller, and the controller is configured to execute instructions to determine the position of the individual's eyes and / or eye pupil size based on data received from the camera.

[0104] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a networking device.

[0105] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a safety module configured to monitor a temperature of the system.

[0106] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises one or more amplifiers and one or more filters.

[0107] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a housing configured to support the one or more light sources and the spectrometer and having a portion for surrounding the individual's eye.

[0108] In some implementations of the system, the housing has a wearable configuration.

[0109] In some implementations of the system, the housing comprises a helmet to be worn on the individual's head or eyewear configured to be worn over the eyes.

[0110] In some implementations of the system, the helmet or eyewear includes one or more straps for securing the helmet or eyewear to an individual.

[0111] In some implementations of the system, the one or more light sources comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs).

[0112] In some implementations of the system, the one or more light sources and spectrometer define a first subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a first eye of an individual, and the system further includes a second subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a second eye of the individual, the second subsystem including another set of light sources and another spectrometer.

[0113] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a method for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the method being configured to be executed by a processor of a system for collecting retinal signal data, the method comprising the steps of causing one or more light sources to output a first flash of light of a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to an individual; receiving a measured wavelength and measured intensity of the first flash of light from the spectrometer; determining that the measured wavelength and measured intensity are not within a predetermined tolerance range of the selected wavelength and selected intensity; determining parameters for a second flash of light based on a difference between the selected wavelength and the measured wavelength and based on a difference between the selected intensity and the measured intensity; causing one or more light sources to output the second flash of light based on the parameters; and receiving retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the second flash of light from a sensor associated with the individual.

[0114] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises receiving, from the sensor, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the first flash of light.

[0115] In some implementations of the method, the light source or light sources and the spectrometer are integrated into the housing of the device.

[0116] In some implementations of the method, the apparatus further comprises a camera.

[0117] In some implementations of the method, the apparatus further comprises a system for adjusting the focus of the camera to ensure a clear photograph of the eye.

[0118] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises receiving data regarding the individual's pupils from the camera.

[0119] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining, based on data from the camera, a location of the individual's pupil that is exposed to the second flash of light.

[0120] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises adjusting the retinal signal data based on a location of the pupil.

[0121] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining to re-record the retinal signal data based on a location of the pupil.

[0122] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises receiving calibration data corresponding to the individual.

[0123] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining a threshold impedance of the circuit that collected the retinal signal data based on the calibration data.

[0124] In some implementations of the method, the method further comprises determining that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded a threshold impedance and re-recording the retinal signal data after determining that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance.

[0125] In accordance with another broad aspect of the present technology, a system for collecting retinal signal data is provided, the system comprising: one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of an individual to a flash of light; a spectrometer configured to record a light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, such that the system is configured to collect an electrical signal generated by the individual's retina in response to the flash of light; at least one processor; and a memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to cause the one or more light sources to output a first flash of light of a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to the individual; receive from the spectrometer a measured wavelength and measured intensity of the first flash of light; determine that the measured wavelength and measured intensity are not within a predetermined tolerance range of the selected wavelength and selected intensity; determine parameters for a second flash of light based on a difference between the selected wavelength and the measured wavelength and based on a difference between the selected intensity and the measured intensity; cause the one or more light sources to output the second flash of light based on the parameters; and receive from electrodes associated with the individual retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the second flash of light.

[0126] In some implementations of the system, the retinal signal data comprises data from a spectrometer.

[0127] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to receive calibration data corresponding to the individual.

[0128] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to determine a threshold impedance of the circuit that collected the retinal signal data based on the calibration data.

[0129] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to determine that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance and to re-record the retinal signal data after determining that the impedance of the circuit has exceeded the threshold impedance.

[0130] In some implementations of the system, the system further comprises a camera configured to record the size of the eye's pupil during exposure to the flash of light.

[0131] In some implementations of the system, the retinal signal data comprises data from a camera.

[0132] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to determine, based on the data from the camera, a location of the individual's pupil that is exposed to the second flash.

[0133] In some implementations of the system, the instructions further cause the system to receive, from the electrodes, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the first flash of light.

[0134] In the context of this specification, unless expressly given otherwise, the expressions "computer-readable medium" and "memory" are intended to include media of any nature and type, non-limiting examples of which include RAM, ROM, disks (CD-ROM, DVD, floppy disks, hard disk drives, etc.), USB keys, flash memory cards, solid state drives, and tape drives.

[0135] In the context of this specification, a "database" is any structured collection of data, regardless of its specific structure, database management software, or computer hardware on which data is stored, implemented, or otherwise made available. A database may reside on the same hardware as the processes that store or use the information stored in the database, or it may reside on separate hardware, such as a dedicated server or multiple servers.

[0136] In the context of this specification, unless otherwise provided, the words "first," "second," "third," etc. are used as adjectives whose sole purpose is to enable the nouns they modify to be distinguished from one another and not to describe a specific relationship between those nouns.

[0137] Each embodiment of the present technology has at least one of the above-mentioned objects and / or aspects, but not necessarily all of them. It should be understood that some aspects of the present technology obtained by attempting to achieve the above-mentioned objects may not meet this object and / or may meet other objects not specifically described herein.

[0138] Additional and / or alternative features, aspects, and advantages of embodiments of the present technology will become apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.

[0139] For a better understanding of the present technology as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0140] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing environment in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a retinal signal data processing system in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 illustrates the effect of eye rotation on the area of ​​the retina stimulated by a light beam. [Figure 4A] FIG. 1 shows photographs of eyes and the effect of eye rotation on pupil area and shape. [Figure 4B] FIG. 1 shows photographs of eyes and the effect of eye rotation on pupil area and shape. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 illustrates the effect of eye rotation on both the change in pupil area, which determines the angle along with the pupil shape, and the projection point of the light ray onto the retina. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 7]1 illustrates components of an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a second diagram of components of an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 11 is a third diagram of components of an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] 1 illustrates optical and electronic components of an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a second diagram of optical and electronic components of an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a third diagram of optical and electronic components of an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 13] 1A-1C show a helmet placed on an individual's head for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 14] 1 illustrates components of a helmet in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a second view of components of a helmet in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 16] FIG. 11 is a third diagram of helmet components in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 17] 1 illustrates a helmet mounted on a seat in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology; [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is another view of a helmet in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 19] 1 illustrates a helmet being adjusted to align an individual's head with the optical and electronic components of a system for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 20] 14 illustrates a helmet attached to a medical chair in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a second view of a helmet attached to a medical chair in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 22] FIG. 13 is a third view of a helmet attached to a medical chair in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Diagram 23] 1 illustrates a pair of goggles including an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 24] FIG. 1 illustrates a head-mounted device including an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Diagram 25] 1A-1C show examples of electrode placement on an individual in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. [Figure 26] 1 is a flow diagram of a method for recording retinal signal data, in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0141] Please note that, unless expressly specified otherwise in this specification, the drawings are not to scale.

[0142] Some aspects and embodiments of the present technology are directed to methods and systems for collecting retinal signal data. A device may be used to collect retinal signal data. The device may include a housing that is placed on the individual's head, such as a helmet. The device may include a light source. The light source may expose the individual's eyes to a single flash of light or a series of flashes of light. The device may include a light reflector. The light reflector may reflect the flash of light from the light source. The light reflector may direct the flash of light toward one or both eyes of the individual.

[0143] The device may include a spectrometer. The spectrometer may measure parameters of the flash, such as the intensity, light spectrum, morphology, and / or sequence of the flash. If the measured parameters do not match the intended parameters of the flash, adjustments may be made to the parameters of the flash and the light source may output an adjusted flash. The device may include a controller. The controller may adjust the parameters and / or cause the light source to emit a flash. The spectrometer may comprise a miniature spectrometer, such as, but not limited to, Hamamatsu Photonics mini-spectrometers C12880MA or C12666MA. In some embodiments, the spectrometer has a spectral response range of 340-850 nm or 340-780 nm.

[0144] The device may include a camera. The camera may be used to monitor the individual's eyes. The camera may capture video or images of one or both of the individual's eyes. The camera data may be used to determine pupil size, shape, and / or position before, during, or after exposure to a flash of light.

[0145] Some aspects and embodiments of the present technology comprise processes for acquiring retinal signal data, for example, by increasing the conditions of light stimulation (e.g., light intensity, light spectrum, or number and range of light waveforms), recording the dynamic resistance (impedance) of the circuitry used to collect the retinal signal within the electrical component of the signal itself, recording data about the light flash, recording data about the illumination plane of the retina to which the light flash trigger is directed, capturing retinal signal data for longer periods of time, monitoring and adjusting the light flash parameters if the measured parameters do not match the intended parameters, and / or capturing retinal signal data at a higher frequency (sampling rate). A system for collecting retinal signal data may measure and / or control parameters of the light stimulation and / or characteristics of an individual, such as based on data received from a spectrometer and / or camera.

[0146] The retinal signal data may be analyzed and / or processed to remove artifacts in the retinal signal data. The artifacts may be caused by the capture of electrical signals that do not originate from the retina. The artifacts may include distorted electrical signals in the retinal signal data, which may be caused, for example, by misalignment of electrodes or contact with the surface on which the signal is collected, changes in contact of ground or reference electrodes, photomyoclonus reflexes, eyelid blinking, and / or eye movements. The artifacts may be detected and / or removed based on impedance values ​​of the electrical circuitry used to collect the retinal signal data. Signal amplitude values ​​of the retinal signal data may be corrected based on the impedance values. A portion of the retinal signal data corresponding to the artifacts may be removed from the retinal signal data.

[0147] Parameters of the light stimulus, such as the light spectrum, light intensity, light waveform, and / or duration, or illumination surface of the light stimulus, may have a direct effect on the electrical signal triggered by the light stimulus. These parameters may be measured, such as in real time, during collection of retinal signal data. These parameters may lead to more accurate recording and / or analysis of the electrical signal. The measured parameter values ​​may be used to adjust settings of the retinal signal data collection system, such as to account for differences between set and measured parameter values. These parameters may be measured by a spectrometer, a photometer, and / or a camera.

[0148] Some aspects and embodiments of the present technology provide methods and systems that can convert retinal signal data (voltage amplitude) to current values ​​(charge flow) by using real-time recording of impedance. This conversion can be performed in real-time during collection of the retinal signal data.

[0149] Some aspects and embodiments of the present technology provide methods and systems that can detect the occurrence of artifacts by analyzing the impedance of a circuit that collects the electrical signal (including some or all of the electrodes that are part of that circuit). The detection of artifacts can be performed in real time during the collection of retinal signal data. Some aspects and embodiments of the present technology provide methods and systems that can correct artifacts by converting retinal signal data to current and analyzing a time-current function rather than a time-voltage function. Some aspects and embodiments of the present technology provide methods and systems that can remove artifacts by reconstructing retinal signal data based on a predefined impedance threshold.

[0150] The systems and methods described herein may be fully or at least partially automated to minimize clinician input in collecting and / or processing retinal signal data.

[0151] The systems and methods described herein may be based on retinal signal data that has a higher level of information compared to data captured by traditional ERG. The collected retinal signal data may be analyzed using mathematical and statistical calculations. A graphical representation of the findings may be created and output. An application may apply mathematical and / or statistical analysis of the results to allow comparison between various conditions. Based on the retinal signal data and / or other clinical information, a classifier may be constructed that identifies a condition corresponding to the retinal signal data.

[0152] Computing Environment 1 illustrates a computing environment 100 that may be used to implement and / or execute any of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the computing environment 100 may be implemented by any of a conventional personal computer, a network device, and / or an electronic device (including but not limited to a mobile device, a tablet device, a server, a controller unit, a control device, etc.) and / or any combination thereof, appropriate to the relevant problem at hand. Some or all of the systems illustrated in the computing environment 100, such as those in FIGS. 2 and 6-24 and described in more detail below, may be integrated into a system for collecting retinal signal data.

[0153] In some embodiments, the computing environment 100 comprises various hardware components including one or more single-core or multi-core processors collectively represented by a processor 110, a solid-state drive 120, a random access memory 130, and an input / output interface 150. The computing environment 100 may be a computer specially designed for running machine learning algorithms (MLAs). The computing environment 100 may be a general-purpose computer system.

[0154] In some embodiments, the computing environment 100 may be a subsystem of one of the systems listed above. In some other embodiments, the computing environment 100 may be a "commercially available" general-purpose computer system. In some embodiments, the computing environment 100 may also be distributed across multiple systems. The computing environment 100 may also be specifically dedicated to implementing the present technology. As one skilled in the art of the present technology can appreciate, multiple variations on how the computing environment 100 is implemented may be envisioned without departing from the scope of the present technology.

[0155] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that processor 110 generally represents processing power. In some embodiments, one or more specialized processing cores may be provided in place of, or in addition to, one or more conventional central processing units (CPUs). For example, one or more graphics processing units 111 (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), and / or other so-called accelerated processors (or processing accelerators) may be provided in addition to, or in place of, one or more CPUs.

[0156] System memory typically includes random access memory 130, but is more generally intended to encompass any type of non-transitory system memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof. Although solid-state drive 120 is shown as an example of a mass storage device, more generally, such mass storage may comprise any type of non-transitory storage device configured to store data, programs, and other information, and to make the data, programs, and other information accessible via system bus 160. For example, mass storage may comprise one or more of a solid-state drive, a hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, and / or an optical disk drive.

[0157] Communications between the various components of computing environment 100 may be enabled by a system bus 160, which may comprise one or more internal and / or external buses (e.g., a PCI bus, a Universal Serial Bus, an IEEE 1394 "Firewire" bus, a SCSI bus, a Serial ATA bus, an ARINC bus, etc.) to which the various hardware components are electrically coupled.

[0158] The input / output interface 150 may enable networking capabilities such as wired or wireless access. By way of example, the input / output interface 150 may comprise a networking interface, such as, but not limited to, a network port, a network socket, a network interface controller, etc. Multiple examples of how a networking interface may be implemented will be apparent to those skilled in the art of the present technology. For example, the networking interface may implement a particular physical layer and data link layer standard, such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Wi-Fi, Token Ring, or a serial communication protocol. The particular physical layer and data link layer may provide the basis for a full network protocol stack, enabling communication between small groups of computers on the same local area network (LAN) and large-scale network communication through routable protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP).

[0159] The input / output interface 150 may be coupled to a touchscreen 190 and / or to one or more external and / or external buses 160. The touchscreen 190 may be part of a display. In some embodiments, the touchscreen 190 is a display. The touchscreen 190 may be equivalently referred to as a screen 190. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the touchscreen 190 comprises touch hardware 194 (e.g., pressure-sensitive cells embedded in a layer of the display that allow for detection of physical interaction between a user and the display) and a touch input / output controller 192 that allows for communication with the display interface 140 and / or one or more internal and / or external buses 160. In some embodiments, the input / output interface 150 may be connected to a keyboard (not shown), a mouse (not shown), or a trackpad (not shown) in addition to or instead of the touchscreen 190, that allows a user to interact with the computing environment 100.

[0160] According to some implementations of the present technology, the solid-state drive 120 stores program instructions suitable for being loaded into the random access memory 130 and executed by the processor 110 to perform acts of one or more methods described herein. For example, at least a portion of the program instructions may be part of a library or an application.

[0161] Retinal signal data processing system FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a retinal signal data processing system 200 according to various embodiments of the present technology. The retinal signal data processing system 200 may collect retinal signal data from an individual. As described above, compared to traditional ERG, the retinal signal data captured using the retinal signal data processing system 200 may comprise additional features and / or data, such as light intensity, light spectrum, timing of the light flash, duration of the light flash, pupil size, shape or area exposed to the light flash, impedance, higher measurement frequency, extended range of retinal light stimulation, and / or longer measurement time. The retinal signal data processing system 200 may process and / or analyze the collected data. The retinal signal data processing system 200 may output the retinal signal data after detecting and / or removing artifacts from the retinal signal data, such as distortion or interference. The retinal signal data processing system 200 may output the retinal signal data after correcting for differences between the desired parameters of the light stimulation and the measured parameters of the light stimulation.

[0162] It should be clearly understood that the illustrated system 200 is only an exemplary implementation of the present technology. Therefore, the following description is intended to be only a description of an illustrative example of the present technology. This description is not intended to define the scope of the present technology or describe its boundaries. In some cases, what are considered to be useful examples of modifications to the system 200 may also be described below. This is again done only as an aid to understanding, not to define or describe the scope of the present technology. These modifications are not an exhaustive list, and other modifications are likely possible, as those skilled in the art will understand. Furthermore, if this is not done (i.e., no examples of modifications are described), it should not be interpreted as modifications are not possible and / or what is described is the only way to implement that element of the present technology. As those skilled in the art will understand, this is likely not the case. In addition, it should be understood that the system 200 may provide a simple implementation of the present technology in some cases, and if so, those implementations are presented in this manner as an aid to understanding. As those skilled in the art will understand, various implementations of the present technology may be more complex.

[0163] The retinal signal data processing system 200 may include a retinal signal data collection device 201. Examples of retinal signal data collection devices are shown in Figures 6-24, which are described further below. The retinal signal data collection device 201 may collect retinal signal data from an individual. The retinal signal data may relate to one or both eyes of the individual, and in this regard, the retinal signal data collection device may be configured for use with one or both eyes. In the embodiment shown, the retinal signal data collection device is configured for use with both eyes. The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include a housing supporting one or more of a light source 202, a spectrometer 203, a camera 204, a light reflector 205, a power source such as a battery 206, a controller 207, a sensor 208, and / or a photometer 209.

[0164] A retinal signal data collection device 201 for use with one eye may be considered to have a single subsystem including light source 202, spectrometer 203, camera 204, and optical reflector 205. A retinal signal data collection device 201 for use with both eyes may be considered to have two such subsystems, one for each eye.

[0165] The housing may be of any suitable type for retinal signal collection. For example, the housing may be handheld and configured to be held near or over an individual's eye by the individual or another person. In other embodiments, the housing may be wearable and configured to be used hands-free by an individual.

[0166] The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include any number of light sources 202. The light sources 202 may be any type of one or more light sources capable of generating light of a specified range of wavelength, intensity, frequency, and / or duration, either alone or in combination. The light sources 202 may be capable of generating a flash of light. The light sources 202 may include light emitting diodes (LEDs), xenon lamps, and / or other types of light sources. The light sources 202 may generate the flash of light based on predetermined parameters, which may include the timing of the flash of light, the length of time of the flash of light, the wavelength of the flash of light (i.e., the spectrum of the flash of light), the intensity of the flash of light, and / or other parameters of the flash of light. The light sources 202 may be controlled by a controller 207. The controller 207 may trigger the light sources 202 to generate flashes of light having the predetermined parameters. The controller 207 may comprise a processor, such as the processor 110 of the computing environment, or dedicated control circuitry.

[0167] The light source 202 may be configured to provide a light stimulation signal to the individual's retina. The retinal signal data collected may depend on the light stimulation conditions. To maximize the likelihood of gathering relevant additional information in the retinal signal data, the light source 202 may be instructed to provide a wide variety of light conditions. The light source 202 may be configurable to control the background light and / or the stimulation light that is directed to the retina as a flash of light.

[0168] The light source 202 emits light of different wavelengths (e.g., from about 300 to about 800 nanometers), light intensities (e.g., from about 0.001 to about 3000 cd.s / m 2 ), light pulse frequency (e.g., about 0.001 Hz to about 600 Hz), illumination duration (e.g., about 1 to about 1000 milliseconds), and time between each flash (e.g., about 0.2 to about 50 seconds) are compared against different background light wavelengths (e.g., about 300 to about 800 nanometers) and background light intensities (e.g., about 0.001 to about 900 cd / m 2 In some embodiments, the light source 202 may generate a luminance of 30 cd.s / m 2 Over 50 to 900 cd.s / m 2 The light source is configured to generate a flash of light having a light intensity of

[0169] The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include any number of optical reflectors 205. The optical reflectors 205 are configured to redirect the light output by the light sources 202 to one or both eyes of the individual. The optical reflectors 205 may be spheroid optical reflectors. The optical reflectors 205 are configured to allow the light beam from the light sources 202 to exit the optical reflectors 205 at an optical outlet and be directed to the individual's eyes. At the optical outlet of the optical reflectors 205, a blindfold 210 may further be provided, the blindfold 201 being configured to contact an area around the individual's eye and to allow delivery of the light beam to the eye while minimizing or avoiding ingress of ambient light into the blindfold. The light sources 202 may be positioned inside the optical reflectors 205 such that light is generated therein and directed to the individual's eyes. Alternatively, the light sources 202 may be positioned outside the optical reflectors 205 and delivered therein via an optical inlet. For one-eyed use, a single spheroidal light reflector 205, a single set of light sources 202, and a single blindfold may be provided. For two-eyed use, two separate spheroidal light reflectors 205, associated light sources 202, and blindfolds may be provided, one for each eye.

[0170] The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include any number of spectrometers 203 and / or photometers 209. For example, in the case of bilateral use, such as in the embodiments shown in the figures herein, the retinal signal data collection device 201 may include two spectrometers 203 and / or photometers 209, one for each eye. Each spectrometer 203 and / or photometer 209 may measure a parameter of the light generated by the light source 202. The range of measurement of the spectrometer 203 and / or photometer 209 may include the intensity and range of the wavelength spectrum of the light stimulus. The spectrometer 203 and / or photometer 209 may measure the intensity of the flash, the wavelength of the flash, the time the flash began, the length of time of the flash, and / or other information regarding the light source 202. The data collected by the spectrometer 203 and / or photometer 209 may be stored. Data collected by spectrometer 203 and / or photometer 209 may be used to calibrate parameters of the light emitted by light source 202 and / or to determine that light source 202 is malfunctioning and needs to be recalibrated or replaced. If the predetermined parameters of the flash do not match the measured parameters of the flash, aspects of system 200 or device 201 may cause the signal sent to, or the light emitted from, light source 202 to compensate for the measured difference. In embodiments that include a photometer 209, spectrometer 203 may be coupled to photometer 209.

[0171] In addition to or instead of the spectrometer 203 and / or photometer 209, the retinal signal data collection apparatus 201 may include one or more other devices for monitoring and recording the photostimulation wavelength and / or light intensity. The photostimulation wavelength and / or light intensity may have an effect on the amount of light stimulus that reaches the retina and triggers a retinal signal in response to the stimulus. The collected photostimulation wavelength and / or light intensity data may be included in the retinal signal data. The collected photostimulation wavelength and / or light intensity data may be used to adjust various values ​​of the retinal signal data. These adjustments may be performed after collection of the retinal signal data and / or in real time during collection of the retinal signal data.

[0172] The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include any number of cameras 204, such as one camera 204 for single-eye use, or two cameras 204, one for each eye. The cameras may collect information about the individual and / or the flash of light, for example, in the form of camera images and / or video. The cameras 204 may capture images of the individual's eyes before exposure to the flash of light, when the individual is exposed to the flash of light, and / or after exposure to the flash of light. The camera images and / or video may be used to determine timing information about the flash of light, such as when the flash started, the length of time of the flash, and / or other information about the flash of light. The images and / or video may be used to determine information about the individual exposed to the flash of light, such as pupil color, pupil size, pupil shape, pupil / eye position, and / or the site of the pupil exposed to the flash of light for the eye. The images and / or video may be used to determine and / or estimate the amount of light entering the eye. The camera 204 may track the position, shape, and / or size of the pupil, which may have an effect on the amount of stimulating light that reaches the retina and affects the electrical signal that is triggered in response to that stimulation. Eye position and / or pupil size / shape data may be included in the retinal signal data. This data may be used to adjust the retinal signal data during and / or after collection of the retinal signal data. The pupil size and / or pupil shape are as determined when viewed from a fixed point relative to the eye. In some embodiments, this fixed point is from the position of the camera. What is meant by pupil shape is, for example, a deviation from circular to elliptical. The shape of the pupil may be defined in any convenient manner, such as in terms of the widest and narrowest diameters. The terms eye position and pupil position may be used interchangeably. Both terms refer to the position of the pupil relative to a fixed point relative to the eye.

[0173] Images and / or video from the camera may be used to determine distances between the camera 204 and points on the surface of the eye, such as the distance between the camera 204 and the iris of the eye. Images and / or video may be used to determine distances between the light source 202 and points on the surface of the eye, such as the distance between the light source 202 and the iris of the eye. Distances may be calculated based on data in the images, such as the size of a portion of the eye or reflections in the eye. These distances may be stored and / or used to determine the location and / or size of areas of the retina exposed to the flash of light.

[0174] The images and / or video from the camera may be used to determine the position of the eye pupil and / or the size of the eye pupil and / or the shape of the eye pupil. The size of the pupil may be determined by calculating the area of ​​the pupil in the image. The shape of the pupil may be determined by identifying the height, width, and / or other dimensions of the pupil.

[0175] The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include a power source, such as any number of batteries 206. The batteries 206 may provide power to the components of the retinal signal data collection device 201. Any suitable type of battery may be used for the batteries 206, such as a smart lithium ion battery.

[0176] The retinal signal data collection device 201 may include any number of control circuits, such as controllers 207, for controlling one or more of the functions of the retinal signal data collection device 201. One controller 207 or two separate controllers 207 may be provided for controlling components of the retinal signal data collection device 201 associated with different eyes of an individual. The controllers 207 may include a main control card. The main control card may include a clock system for time stamping data. The main control card may include a network interface, such as a Wi-Fi interface for wireless communication. The main control card may include a battery control system for managing the battery 206. The main control card may include a CPU. The main control card may control one or more of the functions of the retinal signal data collection device 201. The main control card may control the light source 202, such as via an LED driver. The main control card may perform a temperature control function to monitor the components of the retinal signal data collection device 201 and / or to avoid overheating thereof.

[0177] The controller 207 may include infrared (IR) and fixed LED control circuitry. The IR and fixed LED card may control fixed and / or infrared LEDs that may be detected by the camera 204. The controller 207 may include a spectrometer card. The spectrometer card may interface with the spectrometer 203. The spectrometer card may control and / or receive data from the spectrometer 203. The spectrometer card may receive data indicative of the light spectrum, the light frequency pulse, and / or the intensity of the flash of light. The individual may be instructed to focus one or both of their eyes on the light output by the fixed LED. In this regard, the fixed LED may be configured to position the individual's eyes in a predetermined orientation relative to one or more components of the retinal signal data collection device 201, such as the camera 204. The fixed LED and / or camera 204 may be aligned with the light source 202 and / or the optical reflector 205. The axis of the camera 204 may be coaxial with the aperture of the optical reflector 205. 10, the camera 204 may be centrally positioned with respect to the light reflector 205. In the embodiment shown, the camera 204 is aligned with the light source 202, although other alignments and configurations may be used. For example, multiple cameras 204 may be used, each offset to either side of the aperture of the light reflector 205.

[0178] The controller 207 may include a retinal signal acquisition circuit. The retinal signal acquisition circuit may record and / or output an individual's electrical signal, such as an electrical signal generated in response to a flash of light. The retinal signal acquisition circuit may include programmable gain amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, filters, and / or other electronic components used to measure and / or process the individual's electrical signal. To ensure that components of the retinal signal acquisition circuit do not cause overheating that may interfere with data collection, the retinal signal acquisition circuit may include a temperature control device. The retinal signal acquisition circuit may include components for signal protection and / or isolation, such as shielding. The retinal signal acquisition circuit may include an adjustable filter.

[0179] The retinal signal data acquisition circuitry may receive data from one or more sensors 208. The sensor 208 may be positioned to detect electrical signals from the retina. The sensor 208 may comprise one or more electrodes. The sensor 208 may include an electroretinography sensor. FIG. 25, described below, shows examples of electrode placement on an individual. A ground electrode may be placed on the skin in the center of the forehead. The active electrodes may be placed near or on the eye. Reference electrodes for each eye may be placed on the earlobe, a temporal site near the eye, on the forehead, and / or other skin sites. The ground electrodes may serve as a zero reference for the positive or negative polarity of the electrical signal. The ground electrodes may be placed in the center of the forehead, on the top of the head, and / or on the wrist.

[0180] Some or all of the functions described as being performed by the controller 207 may be performed by a computing environment, such as a computing environment 100 integrated into the retinal signal data collection device 201 or a computing environment 100 external to and in communication with the retinal signal data collection device 201. The computing environment 100 in the retinal signal data collection device 201 may include any number of processors, such as the processor 110. The light source 202, the spectrometer 203, the camera 204, the controller 207, and / or the sensor 208 may be connected to and / or in communication with the processor.

[0181] Electrical signals from the retina may be triggered by light stimulation from the light source 202, collected by the sensor 208, and processed by the retinal signal data acquisition circuit as retinal signal data. The retinal signal data may be collected by the sensor 208, such as an electrode placed on the eyeball or a nearby eye site. Each flash of light may trigger an electrical signal generated by the individual's retinal cells. Depending on the nature of the light (e.g., the intensity, wavelength, spectrum, frequency, pulse, and duration of the flash) and the conditions of the light stimulation (e.g., background light, dark or light adaptation of the individual undergoing this process), different types of retinal cells may be triggered and therefore different electrical signals may be generated. This signal propagates through the eye and eventually reaches the visual cortex of the brain via the optic nerve. However, like any electrical signal, it propagates in all possible directions depending on the conductivity of the tissue. Thus, the electrical signal may be collected in tissues outside the eyeball that are accessible from the outside, such as the eyelid, sclera, cornea, or conjunctiva.

[0182] There are several types of electrodes that can be used to collect retinal electrical signals. They are based on specific materials, conductivity, and / or geometric shapes. It should be understood that there are many possible designs of recording electrodes, and any suitable design or combination of designs can be used for the sensor 208. The sensor 208 may comprise, for example, a contact lens, a foil, a wire, a corneal wick, a wire loop, a microfiber, and / or a skin electrode. Each electrode type has unique recording characteristics and inherent artifacts.

[0183] The retinal signal data acquisition circuitry may include preamplifiers, amplifiers, filters, analog-to-digital converters, and / or other electrical signal processing devices. The electrical signal may be collected as a potential difference between an electrode placed at the area where the electrical signal is received from the retina (e.g., the cornea or the eyeball) (called the "active" electrode) and an electrode located near that location (called the "reference" electrode). The potential difference is often collected with respect to an electrical neutral point with respect to a ground electrode. Before being recorded, the electrical signal may pass through any number of preamplifiers, amplifiers, filters, analog-to-digital converters, and / or other signal processing devices. The retinal signal data acquisition circuitry may enable amplification of the electrical signal and / or conversion of the electrical signal to a digital signal for further processing. The retinal signal data acquisition circuitry may perform frequency filtering processes that may be applied to the electrical signal from the sensor 208.

[0184] The retinal signal data acquisition circuit may record the impedance of the electrical circuit used to collect the retinal signal data. The impedance of the electrical circuit may be recorded simultaneously with the acquisition of other electrical signals. The impedance data collected may be stored in the retinal signal data. The method for determining the impedance of the circuit simultaneously with the acquisition of the electrical signal may be based on a process of injecting a reference signal of known frequency and amplitude through the recording channel of the electrical signal. This reference signal may then be filtered out and processed separately. By measuring the magnitude of the output at the frequency of the excitation signal, the electrode impedance or the impedance of the circuit collecting the retinal signal may be calculated. The impedance may then be used as a covariate to increase the signal density, together with the resistance of the circuit at each time point of the recording of the electrical signal.

[0185] An electrical signal may be acquired between an active electrode (placed at or near the eye) and a reference electrode, with or without a differential recording from a ground electrode.

[0186] The retinal signal data collection apparatus 201 may include and / or be in communication with a data collection system 215, which may comprise a recording device. The data collection system 215 may store data describing the electrical signal in a database, such as in a voltage versus time point format. The data collection system 215 may be part of the computing environment 100.

[0187] The data collection system 215 may be adapted to receive an individual's measured electrical signals, such as signals measured by the sensor 208 and processed by the controller 207 or processor 110, parameters of the light source 202, measurements from the spectrometer 203, measurements from the photometer 209, image data from the camera 204, and / or other data from the controller, and store this collected data as retinal signal data. The data collection system 215 may record calibration data corresponding to a period before a flash or series of flashes, and retinal signal data corresponding to a period during and / or after a flash or series of flashes. The calibration data and retinal signal data may have the same parameters and be collected by the same circuitry.

[0188] The collected data may be provided by the retinal signal data collection device 201 to the data collection system 215 via any suitable method, such as a storage device (not shown) and / or a network. The data collection system 215 may be in communication with the retinal signal data collection device 201 via a communication network. The communication network may be the Internet and / or an intranet. Multiple embodiments of the communication network may be envisioned and will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0189] The retinal signal data may comprise electrical response data (e.g., voltage and circuit impedance) collected during several signal collection times (e.g., 5-500 milliseconds) at several sampling frequencies (e.g., 0.2-24 kHz) along with light stimulus synchronization times (timing of light flash) and / or offsets (baseline voltage and impedance before light stimulus). The data collection system 215 may collect retinal signal data at frequencies (i.e., sampling rates) of 4-16 kHz, or greater. This frequency may be higher than conventional ERG. The electrical response data may be collected continuously or intermittently.

[0190] The retinal signal data may comprise impedance measurements and / or other electrical parameters. The retinal signal data may comprise optical parameters, such as changes in pupil size, areas of the retina illuminated, and / or applied luminance parameters (light intensity, wavelength, frequency, duration of light pulses, frequency of signal sampling). The retinal signal data may comprise population parameters, such as age, sex, iris color, retinal color, and / or skin color as a surrogate for retinal color. The retinal signal data may comprise admittance, conductance, and / or susceptance data. The retinal signal data may comprise one or more of image, video, and / or other image data collected by the camera 204.

[0191] The data analysis system 220 may process the retinal signal data stored by the data collection system 215. The data analysis system 220 may extract retinal signal patterns and / or descriptors from the retinal signal data and / or perform other processing on the retinal signal data. The data analysis system 220 may be part of the computing environment 100.

[0192] The data output system 225 may output data stored by the data collection system 215. The data output system 225 may output results generated by the data analysis system 220. The data output system 225 may output predictions, such as the probability that an individual is predicted to have one or more conditions, such as a mental condition. For each condition, the output may indicate the probability that the individual is predicted to have that condition. The output may be used by a clinician to help determine whether an individual has a medical condition and / or what medical condition an individual has.

[0193] The data collection system 215, data analysis system 220, and / or data output system 225 may be available to one or more users, such as through a respective clinic and / or server (not shown). The data collection system 215, data analysis system 220, and / or data output system 225 may also be connected to retinal signal data management software that may further extract retinal signal information or patterns of information and analyze embedded biosignatures and / or biomarkers. The data collection system 215, data analysis system 220, and / or data output system 225 may be connected to appointment management software that may schedule appointments or follow-ups based on status determinations by embodiments of system 200.

[0194] The data collection system 215, data analysis system 220, and / or data output system 225 may be distributed among multiple systems and / or combined within one or multiple systems. The data collection system 215, data analysis system 220, and / or data output system 225 may be geographically distributed. Although described herein as forming retinal signal data processing system 200, retinal signal data collection device 201, data collection system 215, data analysis system 220, and / or data output system 225 may each be operated independently of retinal signal data processing system 200.

[0195] The effect of eye rotation on the area of ​​the retina stimulated. A light source 202 fixed at the light reflector 205 is used to stimulate the retina to generate a retinal signal. Each eye is stimulated simultaneously but independently. Figure 3 shows the effect of eye rotation on the area of ​​the retina stimulated by a fixed light beam. The optical axis 303 of the eye is a theoretical concept, such that the surface of the cornea and the lens are rotationally symmetric and their centers of curvature lie on a common line. The visual axis of the eye is the line connecting its fixation point with the fovea, the area of ​​the retina where vision is most acute. The pupil 314 is the opening of the iris that allows light to enter the eye. The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil and can control the size of the pupil to allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eye. The lens, located behind the iris, refracts the light so that the image is focused on the retina 301. When the illumination point is fixed, both the area of ​​the pupil and the shape of the pupil determine the amount of light that enters the eye. For a fixed point of illumination 302 (light source) and viewpoint, the position of an individual's pupil affects the shape of that pupil. As the eye moves, the shape of the pupil changes from a round shape when centered on the optical axis to an elliptical shape when off-centered from the optical axis, from that viewpoint. As mentioned before, the shape of the pupil may be defined in terms of its maximum / minimum diameter or radius from the center point.

[0196] The retina 301 is a light-sensing region covering the entire inner portion of the back of the eye. The photoreceptors, rods and cones, are specialized retinal cells that respond to light. In addition to having different visual functions, the rods and cones are also distributed across the retina at different densities. This difference in cell density leads to uneven light stimulus sensitivity to the retina, so that different retinal signals are generated depending on which site of the retina is stimulated. Other retinal cells, such as bipolar cells and ganglion cells, respond to light stimuli at specific sites of the retina. Thus, the resulting retinal signal differs depending on the location and size of the stimulated receptive field on the retina. The location of the pupil 304 during light stimulation can affect the amount of light that reaches the retina 301. The size of the retinal site can be determined to determine the amount of light that reaches the retina 301. The position and / or movement of the eye relative to the optical axis during light stimulation can be determined. This location can be used to determine the site of the retina that is illuminated by the light stimulus.

[0197] For a fixed light source 302, the optical axis 303 determines the direction of light entering the eye through the pupil 304, and the area of ​​the retina that is illuminated results in the point spread function of the illumination 305. Example 311 shows that the light source 302 is centered on the optical axis 301. In this case, the iris 308 is a round aperture. In example 312, the center of the light beam is not on the optical axis due to eye movement (rotation), and the iris 309 has an elliptical aperture rather than a circular one. Similarly, in example 313, the light source is not centered on the optical axis due to eye movement (rotation), and the iris 310 has an elliptical aperture rather than a circular one. As the shape of the iris changes, so does the location and shape of the area of ​​the retina illuminated by a fixed light source.

[0198] The position of the light source 302 relative to the optical axis 303 and / or the position of the pupil may be recorded to determine the area of ​​the retina illuminated by the light stimulus.

[0199] 4A and 4B show two photographs of an eye taken with one version of the described device and the effect of eye rotation on pupil area and shape. The photographs are taken from a fixed position. FIG. 4A shows a photograph of the eye when the center of gaze is at a fixation point that coincides with the visual axis. This fixation point is a fixation light on which the individual is instructed to focus. In FIG. 4A and 4B, a reflection 404 of the fixation light can be seen. In FIG. 4A, the iris 406 and pupil 405 can be seen. Similarly, in FIG. 4B, the iris 408 and pupil 407 can be seen. The pupil 405 of the eye in FIG. 4A is circular (a circle with diameter 401). FIG. 4B shows a photograph of the eye when the gaze is off-center. In FIG. 4B, the pupil 407 is elliptical. The elliptical shape can be defined by a minor axis 402 and a major axis 403.

[0200] FIG. 5 shows the effect of eye rotation on both the change in the pupil area plane, which determines the angle together with the pupil shape, and the projection point of the light ray on the retina. If the illumination point 510 is fixed, any rotation 520 of the eye causes a rotation of the iris plane 530 and a change in the projection point of the light ray on the retina from 550 to 540 in this example. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4B, any rotation 520 also causes a change in the shape of the iris from circular to elliptical. Any change in the shape of the iris causes a reduction in the area of ​​the retina affected by the light ray. The shape and area of ​​the pupil can be determined by the camera 204. The fixed light ray and its distance from the eye are determined by the design of the device. The dimensions of the visual system have been widely published to allow simple geometric calculations for the cone projection of light rays and the determination of the illumination point on the retina (Artal, Advances in Optics and Photonics, 2014, 6: 340-367; Jozwik et al., Journal of Vision, 2021, 21(3):6, 1-9; Atchison and Smith, Optics of the Human Eye, Elsevier Science Ltd, 2000). The shape and area of ​​the pupil can be used to determine the angle of rotation of the eye. If the light stimulus is fixed, the angle of rotation of the eye can be used to determine the illumination point on the retina. The shape and area of ​​the pupil are variables to be considered when analyzing the retinal signal, as they affect the location and site of the light stimulus that triggers the retinal signal.

[0201] Retinal signal data acquisition system FIG. 6 illustrates a device 201 for collecting retinal signal data, according to various embodiments of the present technology. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the device 201 may have a wearable configuration, and an individual may wear the device 201 during retinal light stimulation and electrical signal collection. The device 201 includes a housing 605 configured to support various components of the device therein and to cover the individual's head. The housing 605 may be in the form of a helmet. The housing 605 of the device 201 may include a blindfold 210. The blindfold 210 may block most or all outside light from entering the housing and / or the individual's eyes.

[0202] 7 illustrates components of a device 201 for collecting retinal signal data, according to various embodiments of the present technology. The device 201 includes a battery 206, a light source 202, a light reflector 205, a camera 204, and a spectrometer 203. In addition, the device 201 includes a spectrometer control circuit 501, a retinal signal data acquisition circuit 502, an IR and fixed LED circuit 503, and a main control circuit 504. As can be seen, the device 201 includes two subsystems, one for each eye. Each subsystem includes one light reflector 205 that is a spheroid, a light source 202 attached to the light reflector and configured to emit a light beam into the light reflector, a camera 204 configured to capture image and / or video data related to the eye, and a spectrometer 203 configured to detect parameters related to the emitted light beam.

[0203] FIG. 7 illustrates an example arrangement of the components of device 201, it should be understood that the components may be arranged in other suitable arrangements.

[0204] FIG. 8 shows a second diagram of components of an apparatus 201 for collecting retinal signal data, in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology.

[0205] FIG. 9 shows a third diagram of components of an apparatus 201 for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology.

[0206] FIG. 10 illustrates optical and electronic components of an apparatus 201 for collecting retinal signal data, according to various embodiments of the present technology.

[0207] FIG. 11 shows a second diagram of optical and electronic components of an apparatus 201 for collecting retinal signal data, in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology.

[0208] FIG. 12 shows a third diagram of optical and electronic components of an apparatus 201 for collecting retinal signal data, in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology.

[0209] 13 illustrates a helmet 1101 placed on an individual's head for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. The helmet 1101 may include the device 201 or several components of the device 201 for collecting retinal signal data. The helmet 1101 may be worn by an individual to collect the individual's retinal signal data.

[0210] 14 shows components of a helmet 1101 in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. The helmet 1101 may include one or more batteries 206, one or more light sources 202, one or more spectrometers 203, one or more optical reflectors 205, and / or other elements of the device 201.

[0211] FIG 15 shows a second view of components of helmet 1101 according to various embodiments of the present technology. FIG 16 shows a third view of components of helmet 1101 according to various embodiments of the present technology.

[0212] 17 shows a helmet 1101 attached to a seat in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. The helmet 1101 may be rotatably mounted to the seat. The helmet 1101 may be rotated, raised, and / or lowered to fit over the head of an individual in the seat.

[0213] FIG. 18 shows another view of a helmet 1101 in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology.

[0214] 19 illustrates a helmet 1101 being adjusted to align an individual's head with optical and electronic components of a system for collecting retinal signal data, according to various embodiments of the present technology. The helmet 1101 may be rotatably mounted to a chair. In a first position 1910, the helmet 1101 may be in a raised configuration. Before the individual sits down in the seat, the helmet 1101 may be located in the first position 1910.

[0215] After the individual is seated in the seat, the helmet 1101 may be rotated to a second position 1920. The helmet 1101 may be rotated until the components of the helmet 1101 are properly aligned with the individual at the second position 1920. After aligning the helmet 1101 with the individual, the helmet 1101 may be secured in the second position 1920. The helmet 1101 may then be used to collect retinal signal data from the individual while secured in the second position 1920.

[0216] Figure 20 shows a helmet 1101 mounted on a medical chair 2010 in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. Figure 21 shows a second view of the helmet 1101 mounted on a medical chair 2010 in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. Figure 22 shows a third view of the helmet 1101 mounted on a medical chair 2010 in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology.

[0217] 20, 21, and 22, the helmet 1101 may be raised, lowered, and / or rotated relative to the medical chair 2010. After the individual is seated in the medical chair 2010, the helmet 1101 may be lowered and / or rotated to cover all or a portion of the individual's head. The helmet 1101 may be positioned such that the components of the device 201 contained within the helmet 1101 are aligned with the individual's eyes.

[0218] FIG 23 illustrates goggles 2310 including an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data, in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. The embodiment illustrated in FIG 23 includes goggles 2310 and a strap 2320 that secures the goggles 2310 to an individual's head. The goggles 2310 may include the retinal signal data collection apparatus 201 and / or elements of the retinal signal data collection apparatus 201. The goggles 2310 may be used to collect retinal signal data when worn by an individual.

[0219] 24 illustrates a head-mounted device 2410 including an apparatus for collecting retinal signal data in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology. The head-mounted device 2410 may include the retinal signal data collection apparatus 201 and / or elements of the retinal signal data collection apparatus 201. The head-mounted device 2410 may be used to collect retinal signal data when worn by an individual.

[0220] Electrode placement FIG. 25 is a diagram 2500 showing an example of electrode placement on an individual according to various embodiments of the present technology. Several electrodes may be used to collect retinal signal data: an active electrode for recording the signal as a potential difference with respect to a reference electrode, and a ground electrode as a zero reference for the polarity of the signal. A ground electrode 2510 may be placed on the skin in the center of the forehead. The ground electrode 2510 may serve as a zero reference for the positive or negative polarity of the electrical signal collected by the reference electrodes 2520 and 2530 and / or the active electrodes 2540 and 2550. The reference electrodes 2520 and 2530 and / or the active electrodes 2540 and 2550 capture the electrical signal emitted from the individual. A circuit may be formed using the ground electrode 2510, the reference electrodes 2520 and 2530, and / or the active electrodes 2540 and 2550. Various parameters of the circuit may be recorded, such as voltage, current, impedance, and / or other electrical parameters. The ground electrode 2510, the reference electrodes 2520 and 2530, and the active electrodes 2540 and 2550 may be any type of electrode, may have any shape, may be made of any suitable material, and / or may be a combination of different types of electrodes. For example, the ground electrode 2510 may be a first type of electrode, and the reference electrodes 2520, 2530, or the active electrodes 2540 and 2550 may be a second type of electrode that is different from the first type of electrode.

[0221] It should be understood that diagram 2500 is an example of one placement of electrodes on an individual, and that any number of electrodes may be used and / or the electrodes may be placed at other suitable locations. For example, the ground electrode 2510 may be placed on the individual's wrist instead of on the forehead.

[0222] Method for collecting retinal signal data including modulating light emission based on spectroscopic data - Patent Application 20070123633 26 is a flow diagram of a method 2600 for recording retinal signal data according to various embodiments of the present technology. All or a portion of the method 2600 may be performed by the retinal signal data collection device 201, the data collection system 215, the data analysis system 220, and / or the data output system 225. In one or more aspects, the method 2600, or one or more steps thereof, may be performed by a computing system, such as the computing environment 100. The method 2600, or one or more steps thereof, may be embodied in computer-executable instructions stored in a computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory mass storage device, that are loaded into a memory and executed by a CPU. It should be understood that the method 2600 is exemplary and that some steps or portions of steps in the flow diagram may be omitted and / or reordered.

[0223] In step 2605, calibration data may be recorded. Reference parameters and / or threshold parameters may be determined based on the calibration data. For example, a reference impedance and a threshold impedance may be determined in step 2605. The calibration data may be collected for a predetermined period of time, such as 20 milliseconds. During the collection of the calibration data, the individual's retina may not be stimulated by the light source 202. In other words, the individual may not be exposed to any light stimulation at the time of recording the calibration data. Electrical parameters and / or other data may be collected in step 2605. Current, voltage, impedance, and / or other electrical parameters may be collected. The spectrometer 203, the photometer 209, and / or other components of the retinal signal data collection device 201 may record the calibration data in step 2605, such as measuring background light levels.

[0224] Reference parameters, such as reference current, voltage, impedance, luminance, and / or other parameters, may be determined in step 2605. The reference parameters may be determined based on the calibration data. The reference parameters may be the average and / or median values ​​of the parameters and / or functions of those values ​​recorded in the calibration data. For example, the reference impedance may be determined as the average of the impedances recorded in the calibration data or as a time function of the impedance values ​​recorded in the calibration data. The reference parameters may be used for all subsequent measurements. For example, an average voltage may be determined and this average voltage may be subtracted from later measurements, such as those performed in step 2615. The reference parameters may be recorded by the retinal signal data collection device 201.

[0225] In step 2610, a flash of light having predetermined parameters may be triggered. The parameters of the flash of light may include brightness, wavelength, shape of the light pulse, illumination time, background light wavelength, and / or background light intensity. The flash of light may be emitted by the light source 202. The flash of light may be reflected by the light reflector 205 and directed toward the individual's eye. The flash of light may stimulate the individual's retina, which may cause an electrical signal to be generated by the retina.

[0226] The predetermined parameters for the flashes of light may include wavelength (e.g., about 300 to about 800 nanometers), light intensity (e.g., about 0.01 to about 3000 cd.s / m2), light pulse frequency (e.g., about 0.001 Hz to 600 Hz), illumination time (e.g., about 1 to about 500 milliseconds), time between flashes (e.g., about 0.2 to about 50 seconds), different background light wavelengths (e.g., about 300 to about 800 nanometers), and / or background light intensity (e.g., about 0.01 to about 900 cd / m2).

[0227] In step 2615, retinal signal data may be captured from the individual. The retinal signal data may be collected by the retinal signal data collection device 201, for example by the sensor 208, the spectrometer 203, the photometer 209, the camera 204, and / or the controller 207. The retinal signal data may include covariates and parameters that may affect the nature and quality of the retinal signal data, such as parameters of the light stimulus measured by the spectrometer 203 and the impedance of a receiving electrical circuit used to collect the retinal signal data. The electrical circuit may be implemented in the retinal signal data collection device 201. The retinal signal data may include a measured electrical signal captured by electrodes placed on the individual. The retinal signal data may include the impedance of a receiving electrical circuit that measures the electrical signal.

[0228] The retinal signal data may comprise impedance measurements and / or other electrical parameters. The retinal signal data may comprise parameters such as eye position, pupil size, applied luminance intensity, frequency of light stimulation, frequency of retinal signal sampling, wavelength of illumination, illumination time, background light wavelength, and / or background light intensity. The retinal signal data may comprise cofactors of clinical information such as age, sex, iris color, retinal color, and / or skin color as a proxy for retinal color. Thus, in some embodiments, the method 2600 comprises collecting impedance measurements at step 2615. The same set of parameters may be recorded at steps 2605 and 2615. The predetermined parameters may be recorded along with the measured parameters. For example, the luminance the light source 202 is commanded to produce may be recorded along with the actual luminance of the flash measured by the spectrometer 203.

[0229] The retinal signal data may comprise electrical response data (e.g., voltage and circuit impedance) collected during several signal collection times (e.g., 5-500 milliseconds) at several sampling frequencies (e.g., 0.2-24 kHz) along with photostimulation synchronization times (timing of light flashes) and / or offsets (baseline voltage and impedance prior to photostimulation). Thus, step 2615 may comprise collecting retinal signal data at frequencies between 4 and 16 kHz.

[0230] The reference parameters may also be used as offsets for currents, voltages, and / or other electrical parameters, for example, voltages and / or currents may be normalized based on a reference voltage and / or a reference current.

[0231] The retinal signal data may include data indicative of eye movement, pupil size, pupil area, the angle at which light reaches the individual's retina, light onset time, light intensity, light spectrum, light chromaticity, and / or temporal coupling between the light stimulus and the electrical signal.

[0232] In step 2620, the collected retinal signal data may be compared to the threshold impedance determined in step 2605 based on the calibration data. The retinal signal data may be determined to include artifacts and / or to be likely to include artifacts if the retinal signal data collected in step 2615 exceeds the threshold at any time. The impedance of the circuitry collecting the retinal signal data may be compared to the threshold impedance. The retinal signal data may be determined to include artifacts if the impedance of the circuitry collecting the retinal signal data exceeds the threshold at any time. The impedance may have been measured by the retinal signal data acquisition circuit 402.

[0233] Distorted signals may include spikes or other unusual features. Artifacts in the electrical signal recorded from any electrode placed on an individual's tissue may have a direct effect on the amplitude, impedance, admittance, and / or conductance (the ability of charge to flow in a pathway) of the circuit of which the electrode is a part. These artifacts may be detected by analyzing the time course of the retinal signal data and looking for changes in amplitude, impedance, admittance, and / or conductance that may indicate artifacts. Retinal signal data may be determined to be likely to contain artifacts based on the amount of change in impedance of the circuit and / or the rate of change in impedance.

[0234] The retinal signal data may be compared to a predetermined criteria or pattern to determine whether an artifact is present in the retinal signal data. For example, a sudden change in slope and / or criteria and / or large variations in amplitude and / or impedance over a very short period of time may be identified as indicative of an artifact. The rate of change of a parameter of the retinal signal data, such as the rate of change of impedance, may be analyzed to determine whether an artifact is present. The artifact may be in the recorded electrical signal of the retinal signal data and / or in other types of data included in the retinal signal data.

[0235] The impedance in the collected retinal signal data may be compared to a reference impedance determined using the calibration data recorded in step 2605. A threshold impedance may be determined based on the calibration data. For example, the threshold impedance may be 10% higher than the reference impedance determined in step 2605. If the impedance of the retinal signal data exceeds the threshold at any time, the retinal signal data may be determined to include artifacts. A time period corresponding to the impedance exceeding the threshold may be determined. Retinal signal data recorded during that time period may be marked as including artifacts and / or retinal signal data corresponding to that time period may be deleted.

[0236] Although step 2620 describes comparing the impedance to a threshold impedance, other measures of the dynamic resistance of the circuit may be used. For example, a threshold admittance and / or a threshold susceptance may be determined. The admittance and / or susceptance of the circuit collecting the retinal signal data collected in step 2615 may be compared to a threshold admittance and / or a threshold susceptance. If the admittance and / or susceptance exceeds the threshold at any time, then in step 2620 it may be determined that the collected retinal signal data includes artifacts.

[0237] Artifact detection may be performed while the retinal signal data is being collected, such as in real time or near real time. The retinal signal data may be monitored continuously and / or at a predetermined time period. All or a portion of the retinal signal data may be monitored to determine if there are artifacts in the data. The artifacts may appear in data related to electrical signals in the retinal signal data, such as the amplitude of the current and / or voltage of the collected electrical signals.

[0238] The retinal signal data may be compared to predetermined criteria or patterns to determine whether artifacts are present in the retinal signal data. For example, sudden changes in slope and / or criteria and / or large variations in amplitude and / or impedance over a very short period of time may be identified as indicative of an artifact. The artifacts may be in the recorded electrical signals of the retinal signal data and / or in other types of data included in the retinal signal data.

[0239] If the impedance exceeds the threshold impedance and / or if an artifact is detected using other techniques, the method 2600 may continue to step 2625. In step 2625, an alert may be output that an artifact has been detected. The alert may be issued after one or more artifacts are detected in the retinal signal data. The alert may be issued when the impedance exceeds the threshold impedance. For example, an alert may be output if the electrodes change position or move during recording. Any drift, for example due to eye movement or blinking, may cause an alert to be output. Eye movement, blinking, and / or other information about the patient's eye may be detected by the camera 204. The alert may be issued after an artifact is detected for a threshold period, such as 2 seconds. The alert may indicate which sensor is causing the artifact. The alert may be output based on sudden changes in slope and / or criteria and / or large variations in amplitude and / or impedance. The alert may be an audio alert and / or a visual alert.

[0240] In step 2630, the operator may adjust the retinal signal data collection device 201 based on the alert, such as by adjusting the sensors 208. The operator may adjust one or more of the sensors 208, such as by repositioning the electrodes and / or other portions of the retinal signal data collection device 201. The operator may be notified whether the adjustments were successful in correcting the problem, such as by the notification being cleared. It should be understood that steps 2625 and 2630 are optional.

[0241] After step 2630, the calibration data may be recorded again in step 2605, and a flash of light having the same parameters as the previous flash of light may be triggered again in step 2610. Corresponding retinal signal data may be captured in step 2615, and the retinal signal data may be compared to a threshold impedance in step 2620 to determine if the retinal signal data includes artifacts. If the retinal signal data does not exceed the threshold impedance, method 2600 may continue to step 2635. Otherwise, if the retinal signal data still has artifacts, method 2600 may proceed to step 2625, and the same flash of light may be triggered again in step 2610.

[0242] In step 2635, the measured parameters of the flash may be compared to predetermined parameters of the flash. The measured parameters may have been measured by the spectrometer 203. A difference between the measured parameters of the flash and the intended parameters may be determined. A predetermined tolerance range may be defined, such as 5%. If the measured parameters are outside the predetermined tolerance range, method 2600 may proceed to step 2640. Otherwise, if the parameters of the flash are within the tolerance range of the intended parameters, method 2600 may proceed to step 2645.

[0243] In step 2640, predetermined parameters for the flash may be adjusted. The parameters may be adjusted to compensate for differences between the desired and measured parameters of the flash. After adjusting the parameters, calibration data may be recorded in step 2605 and then a flash with the adjusted parameters may be triggered in 2610.

[0244] Other changes to the retinal signal data collection system may be made in step 2640. For example, if a component of the retinal signal data collection system is determined to be malfunctioning, the component may be replaced. A warning may be issued indicating a hardware malfunction, such as a warning indicating that an LED is not functioning.

[0245] In step 2645, retinal signal data may be recorded. The retinal signal data may be stored for further analysis, such as for predicting whether an individual has a medical condition. The retinal signal data may include any of the data measured by the retinal signal data collection device 201, including data measured by the spectrometer 203, the camera 204, and / or the sensor 208. The retinal signal data may have been collected by the controller 207. The retinal signal data may be stored along with predetermined parameters of the flash triggered in step 2610.

[0246] In step 2650, the next set of parameters may be selected for the flash. The order of the flash parameters may be predetermined, and the next set of parameters may be selected from that pre-determined order. If there are no more parameters to select, method 2600 may end. Otherwise, method 2600 may continue to step 2605, where calibration data may be recorded, and then to step 2610, where a flash with the selected parameters may be triggered.

[0247] Rather than checking the impedance in step 2620 after each flash is triggered, artifact detection may be performed after all flashes are triggered, or after a series of flashes are triggered. Similarly, light parameters may be checked in step 2635 after each flash and / or after multiple flashes are triggered. For example, a flash or series of flashes of a first brightness may be triggered, retinal signal data may be captured for each flash, and then the impedance of the retinal signal data may be compared to a threshold impedance for each flash and / or the measured parameters of the flash may be compared to the intended parameters of the flash to determine if any of the retinal signal data may contain artifacts. A flash or series of flashes of a second brightness may then be triggered. Before each flash or series of flashes, calibration data may be collected and a threshold impedance may be determined for each individual flash.

[0248] Although some of the implementations described above may be described and shown with respect to particular acts being performed in a particular order, it will be understood that these acts may be combined, subdivided, or reordered without departing from the teachings of the present technology. At least some of the acts may be performed in parallel or sequentially. Thus, the order and grouping of the acts are not limitations of the present technology.

[0249] It should be clearly understood that each and every embodiment of the present technology does not necessarily have all the technical effects mentioned in this specification.

[0250] As used herein, the term "and / or" is intended to represent an inclusive "or." For example, "X and / or Y" is intended to mean X or Y or both. As a further example, "X, Y, and / or Z" is intended to mean X or Y or Z or combinations thereof.

[0251] The above description is intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Modifications and improvements to the above-described implementations of the technology may be apparent to those skilled in the art. [Explanation of symbols]

[0252] 100 Computing Environments 110 Processor 111 Graphics Processing Unit 120 Solid State Drive 130 Random Access Memory 140 Display Interface 150 Input / Output Interfaces 160 System Bus 190 Touch Screen 192 Touch Input / Output Controller 194 Touch Hardware 200 Data Processing System 201 Retinal signal data collection device 202 Light source 203 Spectrometer 204 Camera 205 Light reflector 206 Batteries 207 Controller 208 Sensors 209 Photometer 210 Blindfold 215 Data Collection System 220 Data Analysis System 225 Data Output System 301 Retina 302 Lighting point, light source 303 Optical axis 304 Pupil 305 Lighting 308 Iris 309 Iris 310 Iris 401 diameter 402 Minor diameter 403 Major axis 404 Reflection 405 Pupil 406 Iris 407 Pupil 408 Iris 501 Spectrometer control circuit 502 Retinal signal data acquisition circuit 503 IR and LED Circuit 504 Main control circuit 510 Lighting Points 520 rotations 530 Iris plane 605 Housing 1101 Helmet 1910 1st position 1920 2nd position 2010 Medical chair 2310 Goggles 2320 Strap 2410 Head-Mounted Device 2510 Ground electrode 2520 Reference electrode 2530 Reference electrode 2540 active electrode 2550 active electrode

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus for retinal stimulation comprising: one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of the individual to a flash of light; a spectrometer configured to record the optical spectrum and intensity of said flash of light; a camera configured to capture image data of the eye exposed to the flash of light; The apparatus includes a housing for supporting the

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a head-mounted device to be worn on the individual's head.

3. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus comprises a blind for surrounding the eye of the individual, the blind configured to prevent external light from entering the eye of the individual.

4. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a light reflector configured to direct light from the one or more light sources towards the eye of the individual.

5. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera, the controller configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the controller comprises a control circuit supported by the housing and configured to receive data from the spectrometer.

7. The camera is in communication with the controller, and the controller, based on data received from the camera, the position of the eyes of the individual; the pupil size of the eye of the individual; and The shape of the pupil of the eye of the individual 7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 or 6, configured to execute instructions for determining one or more of:

8. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and configured to collect electrical signals from the individual.

9. 8. The device of claim 5, further comprising one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and configured to collect electrical signals from the individual, the one or more electrodes communicatively connectable to the controller, the controller configured to receive electrical signal data from the electrodes.

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a battery for providing power to one or more of the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a networking device.

12. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a safety module configured to monitor a temperature of the apparatus.

13. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more amplifiers and one or more filters.

14. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more light sources comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs).

15. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera define a first subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a first eye of the individual, the apparatus further comprising a second subsystem configured for retinal stimulation for a second eye of the individual, the second subsystem comprising another set of one or more light sources, a spectrometer, and a camera.

16. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more light sources and the another set of the one or more light sources are configured to output flashes of light simultaneously.

17. The controller: the distance between the camera and the iris of the eye; a distance between the one or more light sources and the iris of the eye; the size of the pupil of said eye; the shape of the pupil of the eye; the eye position of the eye, and The area of ​​the retina of the eye that is exposed to the flash of light The apparatus of claim 5 , configured to determine one or more of:

18. 18. A system for retinal stimulation comprising an apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 17 and a processor of a computer system configured to send instructions to and / or receive data from the one or more light sources, the spectrometer, and the camera.

19. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to adjust parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer.

20. 1. A method for collecting retinal signal data configured to be executed by a processor of a system for collecting retinal signal data, comprising: causing one or more light sources to output a flash of light of a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to the individual; receiving an image of the individual's eye from a camera; determining, based on the image, an area of ​​the retina of the eye that is exposed to the flash of light; A method comprising:

21. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising determining a distance between the camera and an iris of the eye based on the image, wherein determining the portion of the retina comprises determining the portion of the retina exposed to the flash of light based on the distance between the camera and the iris.

22. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising determining a distance between the one or more light sources and an iris of the eye based on the image, wherein determining the location of the retina comprises determining the location of the retina exposed to the flash of light based on the distance between the one or more light sources and the iris.

23. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising determining a size, or shape, or area of ​​a pupil of the eye based on the image, wherein determining the portion of the retina comprises determining the portion of the retina exposed to the flash of light based on the size, or shape, or area of ​​the pupil.

24. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising determining a position of the eye based on the image, wherein determining the area of ​​the retina comprises determining the area of ​​the retina exposed to the flash of light based on the position of the eye.

25. 1. A system for collecting retinal signal data, comprising: one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of the individual to a flash of light; a spectrometer configured to record the optical spectrum and intensity of said flash of light; a controller communicatively coupled to one or more of the one or more light sources and the spectrometer; wherein the controller: adjusting parameters of the one or more light sources based on data from the spectrometer; exposing said retina to a conditioned flash of light; receiving an electrical signal generated by the retina of the individual in response to the conditioned flash of light; The system is configured as follows.

26. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the controller comprises a processor of a computer system communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources and the spectrometer.

27. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the controller comprises control circuitry, the control circuitry communicatively coupled to the one or more light sources, the control circuitry communicatively coupled to the spectrometer and configured to receive data from the spectrometer.

28. 28. The system of any one of claims 25 to 27, further comprising a light reflector configured to direct light from the one or more light sources to the eye of the individual, the light reflector being spheroidal and including a concealing portion around a light outlet of the light reflector, the concealing portion configured to surround the eye of the individual, and the concealing portion configured to minimize or prevent external light from entering a housing of the system.

29. 29. The system of any one of claims 25 to 28, further comprising one or more electrodes attachable to the individual and communicatively coupled to the controller, the electrodes configured to collect the electrical signals generated by the retina of the individual.

30. 30. The system of any one of claims 25 to 29, further comprising a battery for providing power to one or more of the one or more light sources and the spectrometer.

31. and a camera, the camera in communication with the controller, the controller determining based on data received from the camera: the position of the eyes of the individual; the pupil size of the eye of the individual; and The shape of the pupil of the eye of the individual 31. The system of any one of claims 25 to 30, configured to execute instructions to determine one or more of:

32. 32. The system of any one of claims 25 to 31, further comprising one or more of a networking device, a safety module configured to monitor a temperature of the system, one or more amplifiers, and one or more filters.

33. 33. The system of any one of claims 25 to 32, further comprising a housing configured to support the one or more light sources and the spectrometer, the housing having a portion for surrounding the eye of the individual, the housing having a wearable configuration.

34. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the housing comprises a helmet to be worn on the individual's head or eyewear configured to be worn over the eyes.

35. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the helmet or eyewear comprises one or more straps for securing the helmet or eyewear to the individual.

36. 36. The system of any one of claims 25 to 35, wherein the one or more light sources comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs).

37. 37. The system of any one of claims 25 to 36, wherein the one or more light sources and the spectrometer define a first subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a first eye of the individual, the system further comprising a second subsystem configured for retinal stimulation of a second eye of the individual, the second subsystem comprising another set of one or more light sources and another spectrometer.

38. 38. The system of any one of claims 25 to 37, wherein the parameters comprise a wavelength of the one or more light sources or an intensity of the one or more light sources.

39. 1. A method for collecting retinal signal data configured to be executed by a processor of a system for collecting retinal signal data, comprising: causing one or more light sources to output a first flash of light of a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to the individual; receiving a measured wavelength and a measured intensity of the first flash of light from a spectrometer; determining that the measured wavelength and the measured intensity are not within a predetermined tolerance of the selected wavelength and the selected intensity; determining parameters for a second flash based on a difference between the selected wavelength and the measured wavelength and based on a difference between the selected intensity and the measured intensity; causing the one or more light sources to output the second flash of light based on the parameters; receiving, from a sensor associated with the individual, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the second flash of light; A method comprising:

40. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising receiving, from the sensor, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the first flash of light.

41. the one or more light sources and the spectrometer are integrated into a housing of an apparatus, the apparatus further comprising a camera; receiving data relating to the individual's pupils from the camera; determining, based on the data from the camera, one or both of a pupil size and a pupil shape as viewed from a fixation point of the individual exposed to the second flash of light; 41. The method of claim 39 or 40, comprising:

42. 42. The method of claim 41, further comprising determining a location of the individual's retina exposed to the second flash of light based on the data from the camera.

43. 42. The method of claim 41, further comprising adjusting the retinal signal data based on the one or both of the pupil size and the pupil shape or deciding to re-record the retinal signal data based on the one or both of the pupil size and the pupil shape.

44. receiving calibration data corresponding to the individual; determining a threshold impedance of a circuit that collected the retinal signal data based on the calibration data; determining that the impedance of the circuit exceeds the threshold impedance; re-recording the retinal signal data after determining that the impedance of the circuit exceeds the threshold impedance.

44. The method of any one of claims 39 to 43, further comprising:

45. 1. A system for collecting retinal signal data, comprising: one or more light sources configured to expose a retina of an eye of the individual to a flash of light; a spectrometer configured to record the light spectrum and intensity of the flash of light, the system being configured to collect electrical signals generated by the retina of the individual in response to the flash of light; At least one processor; a memory for storing executable instructions; wherein the executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, provide the system with: outputting, by the one or more light sources, a first flash of light at a selected wavelength and a selected intensity to the individual; receiving from the spectrometer a measured wavelength and a measured intensity of the first flash of light; determining that the measured wavelength and the measured intensity are not within a predetermined tolerance range of the selected wavelength and the selected intensity; determining parameters for a second flash based on a difference between the selected wavelength and the measured wavelength and based on a difference between the selected intensity and the measured intensity; causing the one or more light sources to output the second flash of light based on the parameters; The system receives, from an electrode associated with the individual, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the second flash of light.

46. 46. ​​The system of claim 45, wherein the retinal signal data comprises data from the spectrometer.

47. The instructions further include: receiving calibration data corresponding to said individual; determining a threshold impedance of a circuit that collected the retinal signal data based on the calibration data; determining that the impedance of the circuit exceeds the threshold impedance; 47. The system of claim 45 or 46, further comprising causing the retinal signal data to be re-recorded after determining that the impedance of the circuit exceeds the threshold impedance.

48. 48. The system of any one of claims 45 to 47, further comprising a camera, the instructions further causing the system to determine pupil size and shape of the individual exposed to the second flash based on data from the camera.

49. 49. The system of any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein the instructions further cause the system to receive, from the electrodes, retinal signal data of the individual responsive to the first flash of light.

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