Compositions, Systems, and Methods for Improving Health

Abstract

This specification provides combinations of products, methods, kits, and compositions related to improving health and well-being in a subject. Methods of improving health and well-being can include taking yerba mate supplements after waking up, fasting with a 12 - 18 hour fasting interval, and taking fiber supplements before a meal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to combinations, methods, kits, and compositions for improving health and well-being using yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements, and to methods, kits, and compositions for improving health and well-being by fasting during fasting intervals, in combination with the compositions and product combinations described herein.

Background Art

[0002] The prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases caused by unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles is rapidly spreading worldwide. A diet rich in dietary fiber can lower blood cholesterol levels and more appropriately manage blood glucose levels. Additionally, fiber-rich foods provide a more substantial feeling of fullness and help reduce calorie consumption.

[0003] Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is one of the most commercialized medicinal plants in South America. It also grows wild and is cultivated in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Paraguay. The constituent parts of this plant are used to prepare a drink like tea (Croge et al., 2020). Yerba mate also has a long history around the world. In Europe, it is used for weight loss, physical and mental fatigue, neurotic depression, rheumatic pain, and psychogenic and fatigue-related headaches. In Germany, it has a good reputation as a weight loss supplement. Yerba mate is the subject of a German monograph, which lists the approved uses for mental and physical fatigue and describes it as having the effects of toning, diuresis, positive inotropic action, positive chronotropic action, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis. In France, yerba mate is approved for the treatment of asthenia (weakness or lack of energy), assistance in weight loss programs, and increased water excretion from the kidneys. The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1996) also lists it as an indication for the treatment of fatigue, weight loss, and headache. In the United States, yerba mate is recommended for arthritis, headache, hemorrhoids, fluid retention, obesity, fatigue, stress, constipation, allergies, and hay fever, and is used for blood purification, regulation of the nervous system, delay of aging, mental stimulation, appetite suppression, stimulation of cortisol production, and is thought to enhance the healing power of other herbs. Yerba mate is also cultivated in India, and in the Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, mate is used for the treatment of psychogenic headache, neurotic depression, fatigue, and rheumatic pain (Heck & De Mejia, 2007).

[0004] The main known bioactive chemical components of yerba mate include xanthine alkaloids, chlorogenic acids, and mate saponins. Examples of xanthine alkaloids include caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine), and their analogs or derivatives. Examples of chlorogenic acids include caffeic acid and tannins, and their analogs or derivatives (Oellig et al., 2018). Analyses of the content of yerba mate leaves have reported that they contain 0.7-2% by weight of caffeine, 0.3-0.9% by weight of theobromine, relatively trace amounts of theophylline, and 10% saponins, caffeic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid) (Matei et al., 2016). Other chemicals found in yerba mate include α-amyrin, α-terpineol, arachidic acid, β-amyrin, butyric acid, 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid, calcium, carotene, choline, chlorophyll, cyanidin-3-o-xylosyl-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, essential oil, eugenol, geraniol, geranylacetone, guaiacum b, indole, inositol, ionone, isobutyric acid, isocaproic acid, isochlorogenic acid, isovaleric acid, kaempferol, lauric acid, levulose, linalool, linoleic acid, mate saponin, neochlorogenic acid, nerolidol, nicotinic acid, nudicaustin c, octan-1-ol, octanoic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, pyridoxine, quercetin, raffinose, safrole, stearic acid, tannin, theobromine, theophylline, trigonelline, and ursolic acid.Furthermore, tannins in the yerba mate leaf material have also been reported to be 7% - 14% (Bastos et al., 2007; Bojic et al., 2013; Burris et al., 2012; Chandrasekara & Shahidi, 2018; Chianese et al., 2019; Ferreira Cuelho et al., 2015; Frizon et al., 2018; Isolabella et al., 2010; Junior & Morand, 2016; Puangpraphant, 2012; Riachi et al., 2018; Souza et al., 2015).

[0005] Theobromine is used as a vasodilator, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant. Theobromine, like caffeine, is recognized as an antagonist of the adenosine receptor and an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, and may be useful in the management of fatigue and orthostatic hypotension.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure generally relates to combinations, methods, kits, and compositions of products for improving health and well-being using yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements. In some embodiments, the method includes fasting during a fasting interval in combination with the product combinations and compositions described herein.

[0007] Some embodiments provided herein relate to combinations of products for improving the health and well-being of a subject. In some embodiments, the product combination includes a yerba mate supplement containing at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1 - 6% caffeine, and a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 - 1000 mg of plant sterols.

[0008] In some embodiments, examples of soluble fibers include guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement further includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharides. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are packaged separately. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be taken at different time intervals. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement provide a synergistic effect when taken separately. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 60 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains approximately 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, approximately 9 mg of theobromine, and approximately 120 mg of caffeine.

[0009] In another aspect, some embodiments provided herein relate to methods for improving the health and well-being of a subject. In some embodiments, the method includes fasting during a fasting interval, consuming a yerba mate supplement during the fasting interval, and consuming a fiber supplement after the fasting interval.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fasting interval is a period ranging from about 12 hours to about 18 hours. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains 60 - 180 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the method further includes mixing the fiber supplement with a liquid. In some embodiments, the liquid is water. In some embodiments, the liquid is tea. In some embodiments, the liquid is an electrolyte solution. In some embodiments, the liquid is in an amount of at least 240 mL. In some embodiments, the amount of the liquid ranges from about 400 to about 800 mL. In some embodiments, the method further includes mixing the yerba mate supplement with a liquid. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken before a first meal. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken about 1 minute to about 60 minutes before the first meal, such as about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 minutes before the first meal, or within a time frame defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the method further includes taking the fiber supplement before a second meal. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken about 1 minute to about 60 minutes before the second meal, such as about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 minutes before the second meal, or within a time frame defined by any two of the foregoing values.

[0011] In another aspect, some embodiments provided herein relate to kits. In some embodiments, the kit includes a first composition comprising a yerba mate supplement comprising at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acids, at least 9 mg of theobromine, and 60 to 180 mg of caffeine, and a second composition comprising a fiber supplement comprising at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 to 1000 mg of plant sterols.

[0012] In some embodiments, soluble fibers include guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic. In some embodiments, fiber supplements include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharides. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements are formulated as powders or beverages. In some embodiments, fiber supplements are formulated as powders or beverages. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements are formulated for oral ingestion. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements are separately packaged within a kit. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements are formulated to be ingested at different time intervals. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements have a synergistic effect when taken separately. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements are formulated to be taken at least once a day. In some embodiments, fiber supplements are formulated to be taken at least twice a day. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements contain at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements contain at least 9 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, yerba mate supplements contain 60 - 180 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the kit further includes an electronic system for tracking the ingestion of yerba mate supplements or fiber supplements. In some embodiments, the kit further includes an electronic system for tracking fasting intervals.

[0013] In another aspect, some embodiments provided herein relate to compositions for use in improving health and well-being. In some embodiments, the composition is for ingestion. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a yerba mate supplement comprising at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1-6% caffeine, and a fiber supplement comprising at least 3.5 g soluble fiber and 250-1000 mg plant sterols.

[0014] In some embodiments, soluble fibers include guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement further includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharide. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are packaged separately. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be taken at different time intervals. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement provide a synergistic effect when taken separately. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 60 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains approximately 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, approximately 9 mg of theobromine, and approximately 120 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, improving health and well-being includes improving blood lipid levels, reducing weight, lowering fasting blood glucose levels, increasing positive experience emotions, and / or decreasing negative experience emotions.

[0015] The above and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings illustrate only some embodiments according to the present disclosure and should not be considered as limiting the scope thereof. The present disclosure will be described with further specificity and detail by the use of the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016]

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification. In the drawings, like reference numerals typically identify like components, unless the context indicates otherwise. The exemplary embodiments described in the detailed description, the drawings, and the claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be used and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects generally described and illustrated in the figures can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.

[0018] As summarized herein, aspects of products, methods, kits, and compositions for improving health and well-being using yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements are provided herein.

[0019] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described and can naturally change. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0020] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has individual components and features that can be easily separated from or combined with the features of any of several other embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Any of the recited methods can be carried out in the order of the recited events or in any other order that is logically possible.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used in this disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

[0022] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, this specification, including explanations of terms, will control. Further, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[0023] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides combinations, methods, kits, and compositions of products for improving health and well-being using yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements. In some embodiments, methods of treating a patient include ingesting a yerba mate supplement after waking up, fasting at 12-18 hour fasting intervals, and ingesting a fiber supplement before a meal.

[0024] Advantageously, the product combinations, methods, kits, and compositions described herein serve to bridge the difference between the current health state of a subject and the health goals of the subject. The product combinations, methods, kits, and compositions described herein enable a healthy lifestyle for the subject and make it enjoyable. The product combinations, methods, kits, and compositions described herein eliminate the guesswork, stress, and over-preparation of meals for the subject. The product combinations, methods, kits, and compositions described herein help the subject feel full longer, lengthen the intervals between meals, and provide the nutrients necessary for the subject's body. Advantageously, these methods, compositions, and kits result in improvements in health and well-being, such as, for example, improvements in blood lipid levels, weight loss, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels, increase in feelings of positive experiences, and decrease in feelings of negative experiences.

[0025] In some embodiments, the methods described herein combine yerba mate supplements, fiber supplements, and a time-based meal pattern approach.

[0026] Yerba mate supplement In some embodiments, the method includes taking a yerba mate supplement. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is administered or taken. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken at the start of the day. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken within 1 hour after waking up. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken within 2 hours after waking up. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken within 3 hours after waking up. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken within about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 3 hours, or about 4 hours after waking up.

[0027] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken after or near the end of an 8 - 20 hour fasting period. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken after or near the end of a 12 - 16 hour fasting period. For example, the fasting period can be about 8 hours, about 9 hours, about 10 hours, about 11 hours, about 12 hours, about 13 hours, about 14 hours, about 15 hours, about 16 hours, about 17 hours, about 18 hours, about 19 hours, or about 20 hours. In some embodiments, the fasting period occurs overnight.

[0028] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is mixed with a liquid. The liquid can include any amount of liquid, such as, for example, an amount of liquid in the range of about 10 - about 1200 mL. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is mixed with 500 - 700 mL of liquid. For example, the yerba mate supplement can be mixed with about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, or 1200 mL of liquid, or an amount within the range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the liquid is water, tea, milk, seltzer water, juice, nut milk, coffee, energy drink, oatmeal beverage, electrolyte solution, or other liquid.

[0029] Yerba mate has been used heretofore to promote mental clarity, endurance, appetite suppression, and mood improvement. In some embodiments, the yerba mate leaves in the yerba mate supplement are prepared by handpicking, extraction, concentration, and / or purification. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement enhances the benefits of yerba mate and contains up to 10 times the amount of total chlorogenic acids (components that elevate mood, stimulate the brain, and improve mood) found in a single cup of premium coffee.

[0030] Yerba mate is a plant native to South America and has been consumed in regional ceremonies for hundreds of years. A unique blend of plant compounds such as chlorogenic acid, mate saponin, and theobromine is known to improve mood, enhance mental clarity, and suppress appetite.

[0031] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 10% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.1% theobromine, and 1 - 8% caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1 - 6% caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, or about 60% total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, about 7%, about 7.5%, about 8%, about 8.5%, about 9%, about 9.5%, about 10%, about 10.5%, about 11%, about 11.5%, about 12%, about 12.5%, about 13%, about 13.5%, about 14%, about 14.5%, about 15%, about 15.5%, about 16%, about 16.5%, about 17%, about 17.5%, about 18%, about 18.5%, about 19%, about 19.5%, or about 20% theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, about 7%, about 7.5%, about 8%, about 8.5%, about 9%, about 9.5%, about 10%, about 10.5%, about 11%, about 11.5%, about 12%, about 12.5%, about 13%, about 13.5%, about 14%, about 14.5%, about 15%, about 15.5%, about 16%, about 16.5%, about 17%, about 17.5%, about 18%, about 18.5%, about 19%, about 19.5%, or about 20% caffeine.

[0032] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated for oral ingestion. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is formulated for topical application.

[0033] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 400 mg to 800 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg to about 1000 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 800 mg to about 1200 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, or about 1200 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

[0034] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 6 mg to about 17 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 9 mg to about 20 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 12 mg to about 23 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7 mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 11 mg, about 12 mg, about 13 mg, about 14 mg, about 15 mg, about 16 mg, about 17 mg, about 18 mg, about 19 mg, about 20 mg, about 21 mg, about 22 mg, about 23 mg, about 24 mg, about 25 mg, about 26 mg, about 27 mg, about 28 mg, about 29 mg, or about 30 mg of theobromine.

[0035] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains from about 30 mg to about 150 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains from about 60 mg to about 180 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains from about 90 mg to about 210 mg of caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, about 50 mg, about 60 mg, about 70 mg, about 80 mg, about 90 mg, about 100 mg, about 110 mg, about 120 mg, about 130 mg, about 140 mg, about 150 mg, about 160 mg, about 170 mg, about 180 mg, about 190 mg, about 200 mg, about 210 mg, about 220 mg, about 230 mg, about 240 mg, about 250 mg, about 260 mg, or about 270 mg of caffeine.

[0036] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains about 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, about 9 mg of theobromine, and about 120 mg of caffeine.

[0037] As used herein, the term "yerba mate" has its ordinary meaning as understood in the context of this specification and refers to Ilex paraguariensis, a medicinal plant.

[0038] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken once a day. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken two, three, or four times a day. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken every other day, once a week, or twice a week.

[0039] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is prepared with a hot liquid such as warm water. In some embodiments, the warm water has a temperature of 50-100°C. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is prepared with a cold liquid such as cold water. In some embodiments, the cold water has a temperature of 0-30°C. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is prepared in combination with cinnamon, coconut cream, ice, carbonated water, lemon, ginger, citrus fruits, mint, and / or protein powder or protein beverage.

[0040] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is provided in bulk from which the required amount is obtained and added to the liquid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is provided in single-serving packages. In some embodiments, the entire amount in the package is added to the liquid. In some embodiments, a partial amount in the package is added to the liquid. In some embodiments, one bag of yerba mate supplement contains about 2 g to about 10 g of yerba mate supplement. For example, one bag of yerba mate supplement can contain about 1 g, about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about 6.1 g, about 7 g, about 7.25 g, about 8 g, about 9 g, about 10 g, about 11 g, or about 12 g of yerba mate supplement. In some embodiments, about 10 to about 50 bags of yerba mate supplement are packaged together. For example, about 5 bags, about 10 bags, about 15 bags, about 20 bags, about 25 bags, about 30 bags, about 35 bags, about 40 bags, about 45 bags, about 50 bags, about 55 bags, about 60 bags, about 65 bags, about 70 bags, about 75 bags, or about 80 bags of yerba mate supplement can be packaged together.

[0041] In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement has at least 20% caffeoylquinic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement has 1 - 8% caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement has 1 - 6% caffeine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement has at least 0.3% theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement has at least 9 mg of theobromine. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement has 60 - 180 mg of caffeine.

[0042] Fiber supplement In some embodiments, the method includes ingesting a fiber supplement before consuming a meal. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is ingested before each of two meals per day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is ingested before one meal per day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is ingested before each of three meals per day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is ingested before each of four meals per day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is ingested after a meal, such as after one meal per day, two meals per day, three meals per day, or four meals per day. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes from about 2 to about 10 g of soluble fiber. For example, the fiber supplement can include about 1 g, about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about 7 g, about 8 g, about 9 g, or about 10 g of soluble fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes from about 100 to about 1200 mg of plant sterols. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes 250 - 1000 mg of plant sterols. For example, the fiber supplement can include about 100 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, or about 1200 mg of plant sterols. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is mixed with a liquid. In some embodiments, the liquid is in an amount from about 10 to about 1200 mL, such as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, or 1200 mL, or any amount within a range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the liquid is water, tea, milk, sparkling water, juice, nut milk, coffee, energy drink, oatmeal beverage, electrolyte solution, or other liquid.

[0043] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement comprises at least 50 mg of a polyphenol blend. For example, the fiber supplement may contain about 50 mg, about 75 mg, about 100 mg, about 125 mg, about 150 mg, about 175 mg, about 200 mg, about 225 mg, about 250 mg, about 275 mg, about 300 mg, about 325 mg, about 350 mg, about 375 mg, about 400 mg, about 425 mg, about 450 mg, about 475 mg, about 500 mg, about 525 mg, about 550 mg, about 575 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, or about 1000 mg of a polyphenol blend. In some embodiments, the polyphenol blend may contain pomegranate extract, red grape extract, apple extract, or whole yeast fermentate. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement comprises at least 5 mg of short-chain fructooligosaccharides. For example, the fiber supplement may contain about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7 mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 11 mg, about 12 mg, about 13 mg, about 14 mg, about 15 mg, about 16 mg, about 17 mg, about 18 mg, about 19 mg, about 20 mg, about 21 mg, about 22 mg, about 23 mg, about 24 mg, about 25 mg, about 26, about 27 mg, about 28 mg, about 29 mg, about 30 mg, about 31 mg, about 32 mg, about 33 mg, about 34 mg, about 35 mg, about 36 mg, about 37 mg, about 38 mg, about 39 mg, about 40 mg, about 50 mg, about 60 mg, about 70 mg, about 80 mg, about 90 mg, or about 100 mg of short-chain fructooligosaccharides.

[0044] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is provided in bulk from which an amount can be obtained and added to a liquid. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is provided in single-serving packages. In some embodiments, the entire amount within the package is added to the liquid. In some embodiments, a portion of the amount within the package is added to the liquid. In some embodiments, one pouch of the fiber supplement contains from about 2 g to about 10 g of the fiber supplement. For example, one pouch of the fiber supplement can contain about 1 g, about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about 6.1 g, about 7 g, about 7.25 g, about 8 g, about 9 g, about 10 g, about 11 g, or about 12 g of the fiber supplement. In some embodiments, from about 10 to about 50 pouches of the fiber supplement are packaged together. For example, it is possible to package together about 5 pouches, about 10 pouches, about 15 pouches, about 20 pouches, about 25 pouches, about 30 pouches, about 35 pouches, about 40 pouches, about 45 pouches, about 50 pouches, about 55 pouches, about 60 pouches, about 65 pouches, about 70 pouches, about 75 pouches, or about 80 pouches of the fiber supplement.

[0045] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is a pre-meal beverage that includes a fiber matrix. In some embodiments, the fiber matrix includes bioactive phytocompounds, polysaccharides, and micronutrients. In some embodiments, the fiber matrix is designed to help mitigate some of the effects that excess carbohydrates and cholesterol can have on the body. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is formulated to provide important vitamins, minerals, and soluble fiber that help suppress the appetite of the subject.

[0046] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement comprises soluble fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is a blend of five types of soluble fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, and / or gum arabic. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, or at least 6 of guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, and / or gum arabic. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement contains a blend of plant-derived polysaccharides. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement contains a blend of plant extract and plant sterol. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes artichoke extract and / or policosanol. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes calcium carbonate, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), chromium, vitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin E (D-alpha tocopheryl acetate), niacin (niacinamide), zinc (zinc gluconate), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine HCl), vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), folic acid, vitamin B1 (thiamine HCl), biotin, and / or vitamin B12. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, and chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharide.

[0047] In some embodiments, the viscous soluble fiber is mixed with water and forms a thick gel when moving through the digestive tract. Without being bound by theory, the gel-like substance serves as an aid to delay gastric emptying, and as a result, the feeling of fullness lasts longer. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is an excellent source of nine essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C and vitamin B12. Without being bound by theory, the vitamins and minerals promote proper digestion, optimize the conversion of food into fuel, and support healthy metabolism.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken 1 to 20 minutes before one or two of the subject's largest meals of the day. For example, the fiber supplement for the subject's diet can be taken about 1 minute, about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 11 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 13 minutes, about 14 minutes, about 15 minutes, about 16 minutes, about 17 minutes, about 18 minutes, about 19 minutes, or about 20 minutes before, or at a time within the range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken immediately before the subject's meal. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken immediately before the subject's two largest meals of the day. In some embodiments, the packet of the fiber supplement is mixed with the liquid in a shaker cup. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken immediately after being mixed with the liquid.

[0049] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement can be taken in combination with protein powder, energy powder, and / or flavored water or low-calorie beverages.

[0050] In some embodiments, the fiber supplement and the yerba mate supplement are provided as a combination of products in which separate formulations are provided together to the subject for ingestion, as detailed herein.

[0051] The yerba mate supplement and fiber supplement of the product combinations, methods, kits, and compositions described herein can act together to help a subject extend the time between dinner and the first meal of the next day. Time-based eating, also known as intermittent fasting, has been associated with numerous health benefits such as healthy blood pressure, improved heart health, and improved body composition. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and fiber supplement have a synergistic effect when taken separately. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement is taken in the morning. In some embodiments, the fiber supplement is taken before a meal. In some embodiments, the yerba mate supplement and fiber supplement are packaged separately.

[0052] In some embodiments, a subject can create a record of food consumption. In some embodiments, a record of a user's food consumption is created. In some embodiments, the record of food consumption is a physical record. In some embodiments, the record of food consumption is a digital record. In some embodiments, the record of food consumption is recorded on a computer. In some embodiments, the record of food consumption is recorded in a digital application, such as on a smart device. In some embodiments, a subject can create a record of fasting intervals. In some embodiments, a record of fasting intervals is created for a user. In some embodiments, the record of fasting intervals is a physical record. In some embodiments, the record of fasting intervals is a digital record. In some embodiments, the record of fasting intervals is recorded on a computer. In some embodiments, the record of fasting intervals is recorded in a digital application. In some embodiments, the record allows a user to track their progress towards well-being, weight goals, energy goals, or other health goals being tracked.

[0053] In some embodiments, the subject can create a record of yerba mate supplement intake. In some embodiments, an intake record of yerba mate supplement is created for the user. In some embodiments, the intake record of yerba mate supplement is a physical record. In some embodiments, the intake record of yerba mate supplement is a digital record. In some embodiments, the intake record of yerba mate supplement is recorded on a computer. In some embodiments, the intake record of yerba mate supplement is recorded in an application. In some embodiments, the subject can create a record of fiber supplement intake. In some embodiments, an intake record of fiber supplement is created for the user. In some embodiments, the intake record of fiber supplement is a physical record. In some embodiments, the intake record of fiber supplement is a digital record. In some embodiments, the intake record of fiber supplement is recorded on a computer. In some embodiments, the intake record of fiber supplement is recorded in an application.

[0054] Intermittent fasting In some embodiments, the combinations, kits, and compositions of products disclosed herein are used in combination with fasting. Further, some embodiments provided herein relate to methods of improving health and well-being by combining the compositions provided herein with fasting. In some embodiments, fasting includes fasting for a period in the range of about 8 to about 20 hours, such as 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 hours, or a time frame within the range defined by any two of the foregoing values.

[0055] Insulin is a hormone that plays a role in moving glucose, i.e., sugar, from the blood into cells to be used for energy. Without being bound by theory, when a subject consumes carbohydrates, the blood sugar level rises and insulin is released. In some diets, the subject is provided with a steady supply of carbohydrates that trigger this glucose-insulin response. When the body is at certain cycles of high blood sugar and high insulin levels, insulin resistance can occur. Over time, great chaos can occur in the body's system. If the subject stops eating constantly, the subject's body has the time required to enter a natural fat-burning state instead of relying on a steady supply of glucose.

[0056] In some embodiments, the intervals between the subject's meals can be made longer to suppress insulin levels. The fewer insulin spikes the subject has, the longer the subject can spend in a fat-burning state instead of a carbohydrate-fueled state. Intermittent fasting can include time-based meals that can help the body maintain healthy insulin levels.

[0057] In some embodiments, after a fasting period as described herein, e.g., a fasting period of about 8 to 20 hours, the subject takes one or more meals such as a first meal, a second meal, and / or a third meal. In some embodiments, the intervals between meals include intervals in the range of 2 to 6 hours, such as 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, or 6 hours, or amounts within a range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, there is a 4-hour interval between the second and third meals of the day. In some embodiments, a fast of about 8 hours to about 20 hours starts from the last meal of one day and ends at the first meal of the next day.

[0058] Some embodiments provided herein are described in terms of the alternatives listed below.

[0059] 1. A combination of products for improving the health and well-being of a subject, comprising a yerba mate supplement containing at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1 - 6% caffeine, and a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 - 1000 mg of plant sterols.

[0060] 2. A combination of products of alternative 1, wherein the soluble fiber comprises guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic.

[0061] 3. The combination of products according to alternative 1 or 2, wherein the fiber supplement further comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharides.

[0062] 4. The combination of products according to any one of alternatives 1 - 3, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

[0063] 5. The combination of products according to any one of alternatives 1 - 4, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

[0064] 6. The combination of products according to any one of alternatives 1 - 5, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion.

[0065] 7. The combination of products according to any one of alternatives 1 - 6, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are packaged separately.

[0066] 8. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 7, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be taken at different time intervals.

[0067] 9. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 8, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement produce a synergistic effect when taken separately.

[0068] 10. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 9, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day.

[0069] 11. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 10, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day.

[0070] 12. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 11, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

[0071] 13. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 12, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains about 9 mg to about 20 mg of theobromine.

[0072] 14. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 13, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains about 60 mg to about 180 mg of caffeine.

[0073] 15. A combination of the products according to any one of alternatives 1 to 14, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains about 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, about 9 mg of theobromine, and about 120 mg of caffeine.

[0074] 16. A method for improving health and well-being in a subject, comprising fasting during a fasting interval, taking a yerba mate supplement during the fasting interval, and taking a fiber supplement after the fasting interval.

[0075] 17. The method according to alternative 16, wherein the fasting interval includes 12 to 18 hours.

[0076] 18. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 to 17, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

[0077] 19. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 to 18, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine.

[0078] 20. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 to 19, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains 60 to 180 mg of caffeine.

[0079] 21. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 to 20, further comprising mixing the fiber supplement with a liquid.

[0080] 22. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 to 21, further comprising mixing the yerba mate supplement with a liquid.

[0081] 23. The method according to alternative 21 or 22, wherein the liquid is water.

[0082] 24. The method according to any one of alternatives 21 to 23, wherein the liquid is tea.

[0083] 25. The method according to any one of alternatives 21 to 24, wherein the liquid is an electrolyte solution.

[0084] 26. The method according to any one of alternatives 21 to 25, wherein the liquid is in an amount of at least 240 mL.

[0085] 27. The method according to any one of alternatives 21 to 26, wherein the liquid is in an amount in the range of about 400 mL to about 800 mL.

[0086] 28. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 - 27, wherein the fiber supplement is taken 10 - 20 minutes before the first meal.

[0087] 29. The method according to any one of alternatives 16 - 28, further comprising that the fiber supplement is taken 10 - 20 minutes before the second meal.

[0088] 30. A kit comprising: a first composition comprising a yerba mate supplement containing at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, at least 9 mg of theobromine, and 60 - 180 mg of caffeine; a second composition comprising a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 - 1000 mg of plant sterols; and a third composition comprising a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 - 1000 mg of plant sterols.

[0089] 31. The kit according to alternative 30, wherein the soluble fiber comprises guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta - glucan, or gum arabic.

[0090] 32. The kit according to alternative 30 or 31, wherein the fiber supplement further comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short - chain fructooligosaccharide.

[0091] 33. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 - 32, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

[0092] 34. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 - 33, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

[0093] 35. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 34, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion.

[0094] 36. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 35, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are separately packaged inside.

[0095] 37. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 36, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be ingested at different time intervals.

[0096] 38. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 37, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement have a synergistic effect when taken separately.

[0097] 39. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 38, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be ingested at least once a day.

[0098] 40. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 39, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated to be ingested at least twice a day.

[0099] 41. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 40, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

[0100] 42. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 41, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine.

[0101] 43. The kit according to any one of alternatives 30 to 42, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains 60 to 180 mg of caffeine.

[0102] Kit according to any one of alternatives 30 - 43, further comprising an electronic system for tracking the intake of said yerba mate supplement or said fiber supplement.

[0103] Kit according to any one of alternatives 30 - 44, further comprising an electronic system for tracking fasting intervals.

[0104] A composition for use in improving health and well - being, said composition being for oral ingestion and comprising a yerba mate supplement containing at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1 - 6% caffeine, and a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g soluble fiber and 250 - 1000 mg plant sterols.

[0105] Composition according to alternative 46, wherein said soluble fiber comprises guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta - glucan, or gum arabic.

[0106] Composition according to alternative 46 or 47, wherein said fiber supplement further comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short - chain fructooligosaccharides.

[0107] Composition according to any one of alternatives 46 - 48, wherein said yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

[0108] Composition according to any one of alternatives 46 - 49, wherein said fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

[0109] Composition according to any one of alternatives 46 - 50, wherein said yerba mate supplement and said fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion.

[0110] 52. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 51, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are separately packaged.

[0111] 53. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 52, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be taken at different time intervals.

[0112] 54. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 53, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement produce a synergistic effect when taken separately.

[0113] 55. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 54, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day.

[0114] 56. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 55, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day.

[0115] 57. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 56, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

[0116] 58. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 57, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine.

[0117] 59. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 58, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 60 mg of caffeine.

[0118] 60. The composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 59, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains approximately 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, approximately 9 mg of theobromine, and approximately 120 mg of caffeine.

[0119] 61. A composition according to any one of alternatives 46 to 60, which includes improvement of blood lipid levels, weight loss, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels, increase in positive experience emotions, and / or decrease in negative experience emotions for the improvement of health and well-being.

[0120] Examples Example 1 Overview This study was conducted to measure the changes in the cardiometabolic health of participants after a 60-day daily supplement protocol. During the trial, the participants experienced significant improvements in important markers of metabolic health such as blood lipids, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels, as well as decreases in weight and waist circumference.

[0121] Background The following study was conducted to measure the cardiometabolic changes in participants after treatment in a manner that included a 60-day daily supplement intake and a time-restricted diet protocol. The daily protocol consisted of a time-restricted dietary approach (meal window of 8 - 10 hours) and dietary supplementation with yerba mate and fiber supplements, which, when combined, provided fiber and polyphenol compounds with various benefits for cardiometabolic health (Anderson, Nutr Rev, 2009; Lutomski, Ann Agric Environ Med, 2020; Gambero, Nutrients, 2015).

[0122] Methods This was an open-label intervention study involving 42 healthy participants aged 20 - 65 years, who implemented a program using the methods described herein for 60 days. This program consisted of two supplements to be consumed daily, as follows: 1) a powdered yerba mate beverage mix was consumed once in the morning during the "fasting" period (N = 42), and 2) a fiber supplement was consumed twice a day 15 minutes before meals (N = 34). A small group of participants (N = 8) was assigned to take the fiber supplement only once a day to determine if the product dosage had an impact on the test results. Additionally, the participants fasted for 14 - 16 hours overnight for 60 days.

[0123] The yerba mate supplement included naturally occurring chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and theobromine (methylxanthine), and triterpenoid saponins. This fiber supplement included 4 g of fiber from various sources, along with minerals, vitamins, policosanol, and plant sterols, and extracts of chicory.

[0124] Measurements collected on day 0 (baseline), day 30, and day 60 included anthropometry (weight and waist circumference), and on day 0 and day 60, blood lipid levels (cholesterol profile and triglycerides) and the percentage of hemoglobin Alc (%HbAlc) were evaluated.

[0125] In the repeated measures analysis of variance of the results, it was revealed that the weight and waist circumference of all the study participants significantly decreased at the three time points (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0045) (Figure 1). Furthermore, in the paired test, significant decreases in non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol were revealed (Figure 2). After 60 days, triglycerides and hemoglobin A1C rate (HbAlc%) also significantly decreased in all the participants (Figure 2). A significant increase in HDL cholesterol level (p = 0.0085) was observed after 60 days (Figure 3). There was a slight improvement in plasma biomarkers in the participants who consumed one serving of the fiber supplement per day and those who consumed two servings of the fiber supplement per day, but these differences were not statistically significant (data not shown). The subjects were stratified according to whether their baseline non-HDL cholesterol level was high or low (non-HDL-c, > 145 mg / dL or ≤ 145 mg / dL). Subjects in the high non-HDL-c group (N = 24) showed significant improvement in non-HDL-c, LDL-c, total cholesterol, and HbAlc% over 60 days, but no improvement was seen in subjects in the low non-HDL-c group at baseline (N = 18) (Figure 4). No significant changes were observed in HDL-c, triglycerides, and HDL%.

[0126] Figure 1 shows the change rates of the weight and waist circumference of the participants from the baseline (day 0) to day 30 and day 60. The average weight and waist circumference of the participants decreased significantly by 1.1% and 2.0% respectively after taking the yerba mate supplement in combination with the fiber supplement for 60 days. Dunnett's multiple comparison: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

[0127] Figure 2 shows the change rates of the lipid and glucose biomarkers from the baseline to day 60. Total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbAlc% decreased significantly by 5.7%, 7.4%, 7.6%, 9.0%, and 1.3% respectively. Paired t-test: *p < 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test: **p < 0.05.

[0128] Figure 3 shows the change rates of HDL cholesterol and HDL% from the baseline to day 60. After 60 days of taking the combination of the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement system, the HDL cholesterol rate increased significantly by 10%. Paired t-test: **p < 0.01.

[0129] Figure 4 shows the stratification of the participants with low and high baseline non-HDL cholesterol values. (Low value: ≦145 mg / dL, high value: >145 mg / dL). A significant improvement from day 0 to day 60 was detected only in the high baseline group. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

[0130] Conclusion: These results suggest that this program may be helpful in improving important markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health. In particular, this program may be helpful in improving total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, as well as the HbAlc rate%, when having a high level of non-HDL cholesterol value. Further research is needed to understand the effects of different doses of various fiber supplements on lipid and glucose metabolism, whether normal or abnormal.

[0131] Example 2 Figure 5 is a line graph showing a decrease in the desire to eat after consuming yerba mate supplements.

[0132] Summary In a group of participants after a 12-hour overnight fast, the acute appetite and satiety responses to yerba mate supplements were measured. In this exploratory study, participants reported a decreased desire to eat at 15, 30, and 45 minutes after consuming yerba mate supplements compared to baseline (0 minutes) (*p<0.05, **p<0.01). However, due to the small sample size, some differences from other appetite results in the placebo group were not statistically significant. These preliminary results suggest that yerba mate supplements may have an appetite-suppressing effect and further research is needed.

[0133] Background Yerba mate supplements are a nutritional beverage mix containing yerba mate plants, chlorogenic acid, methylxanthines, triglyceride saponins, and other bioactive phytocompounds derived from Ilex paraguariensis. Traditionally, this herbal tea has been thought to have numerous effects, such as promoting satiety and suppressing appetite while enhancing energy and well-being feelings (Lutomski, Ann Agric Environ Med, 2020; Gambero, Nutrients, 2015). Previous studies have suggested that yerba mate tea may regulate appetite by delaying gastric emptying or by upregulating glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin (Hussein, Biol Pharm Bull, 2011; Andersen, J Hum Nutr Diet, 2001). The World Health Organization estimates that over 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese, and new nutritional products that may help with weight management or appetite regulation are particularly important. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the acute appetite response after consuming yerba mate supplements.

[0134] Method: This was a single-blind exploratory trial involving 26 healthy adults (aged 20 - 65 years). A subgroup of these subjects (N = 9) also completed a blinded placebo group using a lemon-flavored beverage mix on a separate day. Subjects consumed one serving of yerba mate supplement or placebo with 500 ml of water in the morning while fasting. Subjective evaluations of appetite (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and expected consumption) were recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) before consumption (0 minutes) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after consumption. The area under the curve (AUC) was derived for each individual scale item plotted at the measured time points.

[0135] Results: Panels A - D of Figure 6 show the response curves for the selected VAS items. These trends suggest an increase in appetite suppression after yerba mate supplement consumption, but there was no statistical difference in the AUC between the test group (N = 26) and the placebo group (N = 9). Compared to the baseline (0-minute) response, subjects appeared to have a lower desire to eat and hunger than the placebo group. Also, the participants reported feeling more full and less able to eat than when in a placebo state.

[0136] Figure 6 shows the VAS subjective evaluations of "appetite" (A), "hunger" (B), "fullness" (C), and "expected consumption" (D) for 120 minutes after consuming yerba mate supplement (N = 26) and placebo (N = 9). The evaluations were normalized against the baseline (0 minutes).

[0137] Figure 7 shows the overall AUC of the selected VAS items, indicating that among the 9 participants who completed both groups, the desire to eat after consuming the test product decreased. In the paired test, the statistical difference between the AUCs of the placebo group and the test group was not obvious. However, the paired comparisons of the "desire to eat" at 15, 30, and 45 minutes after consumption were significantly different from the baseline (0 minutes) after yerba mate supplement consumption (Figure 5). Figure 5 shows the within-subject comparison (N = 9) of the "desire to eat" for 120 minutes after consuming the yerba mate supplement and the placebo. (Two-way ANOVA, Dunnett's multiple comparison test, compared with the baseline, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).

[0138] Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that short-term appetite suppression can be experienced after consuming the yerba mate supplement. Further studies with a larger subject group are needed in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

[0139] Example 3 Figure 8 is a bar graph showing the improvement in well-being 30 days and 60 days after treatment by the method described herein.

[0140] Summary In this study, the changes in the well-being of participants following a daily supplement intake protocol were measured. The affect balance scores of the participants by the Positive and Negative Experience Scale (SPANE) increased significantly 30 days and 60 days after combining the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement system (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001 respectively), suggesting that the well-being was improved.

[0141] Background The following study was conducted to measure changes in participants' well-being after treatment with a method consisting of daily supplementation with yerba mate and fiber supplements. Combining these two products has been shown to provide fiber, polyphenols, and other beneficial compounds, improving both physical and cognitive health and performance (Andersen, Nutr Rev, 2009; Lutomski, Ann Agric Environ Med, 2020; Gambero, Nutrients, 2015). Yerba mate supplements are yerba mate-based dietary supplements containing chlorogenic acid, methylxanthine, and triterpenoid saponins and can support well-being and feelings of happiness (Gawron-Gzella, Nutrients, 2021).

[0142] Methods: This was an open-label intervention trial. The participants were 37 healthy adults (aged 20 - 65 years) who received treatment for 60 days. The protocol consisted of two supplements to be consumed as indicated. 1) Consume the yerba mate-based supplement once in the morning. 2) Consume the fiber supplement twice a day 15 minutes before meals. Additionally, the participants fasted overnight for 12 - 16 hours throughout the 60 days. A subset of participants (N = 7) was assigned to take the fiber supplement only once a day to determine if the dosage had an impact on the test results. The subjects in this group consumed the fiber supplement once a day and fasted overnight for 12 - 16 hours.

[0143] On day 0 (baseline), day 30, and day 60, the 12-item Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE) was administered. Subjects retrospectively reported the frequency of experiencing positive emotions (positive, good, pleasant, happy, joyful, and satisfied) and negative emotions (negative, bad, unpleasant, sad, scared, and angry) over a four-week period (Diener, Soc Int Res, 2010). The SPANE emotional balance is determined by subtracting the total of negative emotions from the total of positive emotions.

[0144] Results: Affect balance is a comprehensive measure of happiness and well-being, and scores can range from the least happy state (-24) to the most balanced state (24). Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant increase in the affect balance SPANE score. As shown in Figure 9, compared to day 0, it was revealed that overall well-being increased significantly after day 30 and day 60 of the protocol (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively).

[0145] The two components of affect balance are the positive affect score and the negative affect score. The positive affect score increased significantly from baseline after 30 days (p = 0.02) and 60 days (p = 0.008), indicating an increased frequency of experiencing positive affect. In contrast, the negative affect score decreased significantly from baseline after 30 days (p < 0.0001) and 60 days (p = 0.0001), suggesting a decrease in the experience of negative affect. No differences were seen among participants who consumed the fiber supplement once or twice a day (data not shown).

[0146] Figure 9 shows that the affect balance SPANE scores (overall happiness) on day 30 and day 60 increased significantly from day 0.

[0147]

Number

[0148] Figure 10 shows that the positive affect scores on day 30 and day 60 increased significantly by 16% and 18% respectively from day 0. The negative affect scores on day 30 and day 60 decreased significantly by 20% and 18% respectively from day 0.

[0149]

Number

[0150] Conclusion: Treatment by the methods described in this specification can lead to an improvement in quality of life. When measured by the validated SPANE assessment, overall happiness and well-being were significantly improved 30 and 60 days after the program. Larger studies are needed to confirm any effects on well-being by varying the dosage of the supplement. Other potential benefits of this method include improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health.

[0151] Example 4 Summary In the following example, a study was conducted to measure changes in glucose response to a typical breakfast in generally healthy adults when a fiber supplement was consumed before a meal compared to when it was not. Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) readings showed that when the fiber supplement was consumed 15 minutes before a meal, compared to the control (no fiber supplement) condition, there was a lower peak glucose spike and a lower overall glucose response (area under the curve) 2 hours after the meal for the same meal.

[0152] Method: This was an open-label randomized intervention study in 9 healthy participants (aged 28 - 56 years, 56% female). Participants wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) during the study period to evaluate the 2-hour CGM output of the test meal and determine the postprandial continuous glucose response. The test meal consisted of 2 waffles, 30 g of syrup, 296 mL of 10-ounce orange juice, and 89 g of total carbohydrates (Table 1). No food other than water was consumed before the morning test meal. On a separate test day, participants either drank a single dose of the fiber supplement in 8 ounces of water 15 minutes before the test meal or drank nothing in the control condition. Fifteen minutes later, the test meal was consumed. No other food was eaten for 2.5 hours after breakfast. Meal times and physical activity were controlled and consistent between treatments.

[0153] Table 1 shows the nutritional components of the breakfast test meal consisting of 2 waffles, 30 g of syrup, and 10 ounces of orange juice.

[0154]

Table 1

[0155] Results: In the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, significant treatment effects (P = 0.03) and time effects (P < 0.0001) were revealed. Compared with the control group, by supplementing fiber supplements before meals, the glucose levels 30 minutes and 45 minutes after meals were significantly decreased by 34% and 37% respectively (P < 0.01, Figure 11). The area under the curve (AUC) of the 2-hour glucose curve representing the overall glucose response to the meal also significantly decreased after taking the fiber supplement (P = 0.019, Figure 12). Finally, the maximum change in glucose from the baseline was suppressed by the fiber supplement compared with the control group (mean ± SD: 52 ± 15 mg / dL vs. 78 ± 13 mg / dL, paired t-test, one-sided: p = 0.004).

[0156] Figure 11 shows a line graph comparing the changes in glucose after a waffle breakfast in subjects who took fiber supplements and the control group. Advantageously, the fiber supplement significantly reduced the postprandial glucose response to a high-carbohydrate meal in the subjects.

[0157] Figure 12 is a bar graph showing that the glucose AUC for 2 hours after a meal decreased by 43% due to the fiber supplement (n = 9). Asterisks are used to indicate a significant difference with a paired t-test, one-sided p-value: p = 0.019.

[0158] Considerations: In an acute trial with 9 healthy adults, by supplementing fiber supplements before meals, the glucose response to a typical breakfast decreased. This suggests that taking fiber supplements before a high-carbohydrate meal can reduce the postprandial glucose load, and thus reduce the impact of dietary carbohydrates in the body.

[0159] Example 5 Abstract The following study was conducted to determine the subchronic effects (4-day intervention, 3 of which were included in the analysis) of a system combining yerba mate extract supplement, fiber supplement, and intermittent fasting on glycemic variability and glycemic control in men and women with risk factors for impaired fasting glucose.

[0160] Fiber Supplement The fiber supplement in powder form contained guar gum, plant sterols, a blend of plant-derived polysaccharides, orange flavor, gum arabic, locust bean gum, maltodextrin, citrus pectin, oat fiber, orange juice powder, citric acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin C, chromium yeast, vitamin A, sucralose, beta-glucan, vitamin E, niacin, zinc, chrysanthemum (flower) extract, vitamin B6, policosanol, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin B1, biotin, and vitamin B2.

[0161] Yerba Mate Supplement (Lemon Flavor): The powder supplement contained an extract of green yerba mate leaves with added sweeteners and flavors.

[0162] Methods This was a single-blind, single-group study that included one screening visit, one baseline phase, two intervention phases, and one follow-up visit. At the second visit, each eligible participant was fitted with and activated a continuous glucose monitor.

[0163] Subjects (n = 50) were adults aged 30 to 69 years with a BMI (body mass index) greater than 25.0 and less than 35.0 kg / m2, and who met at least one of the following three criteria: waist circumference greater than 102 cm in men, waist circumference greater than 88 cm in women, a family history of at least one parent or sibling diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and / or a sedentary lifestyle (based on self-report). Subjects met all other inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria.

[0164] During the baseline phase, the subjects were instructed to maintain their habitual diet. In Phase 1, the subjects took yerba mate supplements once a day and fiber supplements twice a day for 4 days. In Phase 2, the subjects performed intermittent fasting of 16:8 (16-hour fasting, 8-hour feeding period) for 4 days with a combination of yerba mate supplements and a fiber supplement system containing yerba mate supplements and fiber supplements. The participants were required to fill out an electronic diary and a Gastrointestinal Tolerability Questionnaire (GITQ).

[0165] Results: The improvement in overall blood glucose variability was brought about by the change in the length of time (from 89.6% to 94.0%) during which the glucose level was within the ideal range of 70 - 140 mg / dL, and accordingly, it is considered due to the shortening of the average time spent in the hypoglycemic range (< 70 mg / dL, from 4.3% to 1.9%) and the hyperglycemic range (> 140 mg / dL, from 6.1% to 4.1%). These changes were also evident in the daytime hours, except for the range above 140 md / dL. The change in CV from baseline to Phase 2 was not significant in the daytime hours only (secondary evaluation item). There was also no difference in the mean glucose level or the probability of experiencing at least one hypoglycemic event.

[0166] Other secondary evaluation items included the period of supplement only (Phase 1). There was no difference in glucose variability and mean glucose compared to the baseline habitual diet period when analyzed as 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day per period (by SAP). However, the percentage of time glucose was within the ideal range (70 - 140 mg / dL) increased from an average of 89.6% to 93.2%, which was due to a decrease in the percentage of time glucose levels were below 70 mg / dL (from 4.3% to 2.2%) (above 140 mg / dL was not significant). These results were consistent across all test days (sensitivity analysis) and also when analyzed for daytime hours only (excluding midnight to 5:59 am). The probability of experiencing at least one hypoglycemic event after the supplement intake regimen decreased compared to the baseline habitual diet period.

[0167] As used herein, the articles "a" and "an" are used to refer to one or more (at least one) of the grammatical objects of the article. By way of example, "an element" means one element or a plurality of elements.

[0168] "About" means an amount, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, quantity, weight or length that varies by 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% from a reference amount, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, quantity, weight or length.

[0169] Throughout this specification, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the words "comprise", "comprises" and "comprising" are to be construed as meaning that the stated steps or elements, or groups of steps or elements, are included, but not as excluding other steps or elements, or groups of steps or elements.

[0170] "Consisting of" means including and being limited to all that follows the phrase "consisting of". Thus, the phrase "consisting of" indicates that the recited elements are required or essential, and that no other elements are present. "Consisting essentially of" means including any elements recited after that phrase, and being limited to other elements that do not interfere with or contribute to the activity or operation specified in the disclosure of the recited elements. Thus, the phrase "consisting essentially of" indicates that the recited elements are required or essential, but that other elements are optional and may or may not be present depending on whether they substantially affect the activity or operation of the recited elements.

[0171] References: The following references are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Andersen T, Fogh J. Weight loss and delayed gastric emptying following a South American herbal preparation in overweight patients.J Hum Nutr Diet.2001 Jun;14(3):243-50. Anderson JW, Baird P, Davis RH Jr, Ferreri S, Knudtson M, Koraym A, Waters V, Williams CL.Health benefits of dietary fiber.Nutr Rev. 2009 Apr;67(4):188-205. Bastos, D. H.M., De Oliveira, D. M., Matsumoto, R. L.T., Carvalho, P. de O., & Ribeiro, M. L. (2007). Yerba mate: pharmacological properties, research and biotechnology. Med Aromat Plant Sci Biotechnol, 1(1), 37-46. Bojic, M., Simon Haas, V., Saric, D., & Males, Z. (2013). Determination of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and xanthines in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil.). Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2013. Burris, K. P., Harte, F. M., Davidson, P. M., Stewart Jr, C. N., & Zivanovic, S. (2012). Composition and bioactive properties of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.): a review. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(2), 268. Chandrasekara, A., & Shahidi, F. (2018). Herbal beverages: Bioactive compounds and their role in disease risk reduction - A review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(4), 451-458. Chianese, G., Golin-Pacheco, S. D., Taglialatela-Scafati, O., Collado, J. A., Munoz, E., Appendino, G., & Pollastro, F. (2019). Bioactive triterpenoids from the caffeine-rich plants guayusa and mate. Food Research International, 115, 504-510. Croge, C. P., Cuquel, F. L., & Pintro, P. T. M. (2020). Yerba mate: cultivation systems, processing and chemical composition. A review. Scicntia Agricola, 78(5). Diener E, Wirtz D, Tov W, Kim-Prieto C, Choi D, Oishi S, Biswas-Diener R. New measures of well-being: Flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research. 2010 Jan l;39:247-266. Ferreira Cuelho, C. H., de Franca Bonilha, I., Scotti do Canto, G., & Palermo Manfron, M. (2015). Recent advances in the bioactive properties of yerba mate. Revista Cubana de Farmacia, 49(2), 375-383. Frizon, C. N.T., Perussello, C. A., Sturion, J. A., & Hoffmann-Ribani, R. (2018). Novel Beverages of Yerba-Mate and Soy: Bioactive Compounds and Functional Properties. Beverages, 4(1), 21. Gambero A, Ribeiro ME. The positive effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 22;7(2):730 - 50. Gawron - Gzella A, Chanaj - Kaczmarek J, Cielecka - Piontek J. Yerba Mate - A Long but Current History. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 21;13(l l):3706. Heck, C. I., & De Mejia, E. G. (2007). Yerba Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis): a comprehensive review on chemistry, health implications, and technological considerations. Journal of Food Science, 72(9), R138 - R151. Hussein GM, Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Hamao M, Akiyama T, Tamura K, Yoshikawa M. Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) promotes satiety and body weight lowering in mice: involvement of glucagon - like peptide - 1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2011;34(12):1849 - 1855. Isolabella, S., Cogoi, L., Lopez, P., Anesini, C., Ferraro, G., & Filip, R. (2010). Study of the bioactive compounds variation during yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) processing. Food Chemistry, 122(3), 695 - 699. Junior, E. L. C., & Morand, C. (2016). Interest of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) as a new natural functional food to preserve human cardiovascular health - A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 21, 440 - 454. Lutomski P, Gozdziewska M, Florek-Luszczki M. Health properties of Yerba Mate. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020 Jun 19;27(2):310 - 313. Matei, M. F., Jaiswal, R., Patras, M. A., & Kuhnert, N. (2016). LC - MSn study of the chemical transformations of hydroxycinnamates during yerba mate (Ilex paraguaricnsis) tea brewing. Food Research International, 90, 307 - 312. Oellig, C., Schunck, J., & Schwack, W. (2018). Determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in Mate beer and Mate soft drinks by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1533, 208 - 212. Puangpraphant, S. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Riachi, L. G., Simas, D. L. R., Coelho, G. C., Marcellini, P. S., da Silva, A. J. R., & de Maria, C. A. B. (2018). Effect of light intensity and processing conditions on bioactive compounds in mate extracted from yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.). Food Chemistry, 266, 317 - 322. Souza, A. H.P., Correa, R. C.G., Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Santos-Buelga, C., Peralta, R. M., Bracht, A., Matsushita, M., & Ferreira, I. C.F. R. (2015). Phytochemicals and bioactive properties of Ilex paraguariensis: An in-vitro comparative study between the whole plant, leaves and stems. Food Research International, 78, 286-294.

Claims

1. A combination of products for improving the health and well-being of a subject, comprising: a yerba mate supplement containing at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1-6% caffeine; and a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250-1000 mg of plant sterols.

2. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the soluble fiber comprises guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic.

3. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the fiber supplement further comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharide.

4. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

5. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

6. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion.

7. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are separately packaged.

8. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be taken at different time intervals.

9. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement produce a synergistic effect when taken separately.

10. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day.

11. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day.

12. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

13. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains from about 9 mg to about 20 mg of theobromine.

14. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains from about 60 mg to about 180 mg of caffeine.

15. The combination of products according to claim 1, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains about 600 mg of total chlorogenic acids, about 9 mg of theobromine, and about 120 mg of caffeine.

16. A method for improving the health and well-being of a subject, comprising: fasting during a fasting interval; ingesting a yerba mate supplement during the fasting interval; ingesting a fiber supplement after the fasting interval; A method comprising the steps of:

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the fasting interval includes 12 to 18 hours.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acids.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains 60 to 180 mg of caffeine.

21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising mixing the fiber supplement with a liquid.

22. The method according to claim 16, further comprising mixing the yerba mate supplement with a liquid.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid is water.

24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid is tea.

25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid is an electrolyte solution.

26. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid is in an amount of at least 240 mL.

27. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid is in an amount ranging from about 400 mL to about 800 mL.

28. The method according to claim 16, wherein the fiber supplement is ingested 10 to 20 minutes before a first meal.

29. The method according to claim 16, further comprising ingesting the fiber supplement 10 to 20 minutes before a second meal.

30. A kit comprising: a first composition comprising a yerba mate supplement containing at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acids, at least 9 mg of theobromine, and 60 to 180 mg of caffeine; A second composition comprising a fiber supplement comprising at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 to 1000 mg of plant sterols; A third composition comprising a fiber supplement comprising at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 to 1000 mg of plant sterols; A kit comprising.

31. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the soluble fiber comprises guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic.

32. The fiber supplement further comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharides. The kit according to claim 30.

33. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

34. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

35. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion.

36. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are separately packaged inside.

37. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be taken at different time intervals.

38. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement have a synergistic effect when taken separately.

39. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day.

40. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day.

41. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement comprises at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

42. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement comprises at least 9 mg of theobromine.

43. The kit according to claim 30, wherein the yerba mate supplement comprises 60 to 180 mg of caffeine.

44. The kit according to claim 30, further comprising an electronic system for tracking the intake of the yerba mate supplement or the fiber supplement.

45. The kit according to claim 30, further comprising an electronic system for tracking fasting intervals.

46. A composition for use in improving health and well-being, for ingestion, a yerba mate supplement containing at least 20% total chlorogenic acid, at least 0.3% theobromine, and 1 - 6% caffeine; and a fiber supplement containing at least 3.5 g of soluble fiber and 250 - 1000 mg of plant sterols.

47. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the soluble fiber comprises guar gum, locust bean gum, citrus pectin, oat fiber, beta-glucan, or gum arabic.

48. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the fiber supplement further comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin, calcium carbonate, zinc gluconate, chromium, polyphenol blend, magnesium oxide, pantothenic acid, or short-chain fructooligosaccharides.

49. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

50. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated as a powder or a beverage.

51. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated for oral ingestion.

52. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are packaged separately.

53. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement are formulated to be ingested at different time intervals.

54. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement and the fiber supplement produce a synergistic effect when taken separately.

55. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement is formulated to be taken at least once a day.

56. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the fiber supplement is formulated to be taken at least twice a day.

57. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid.

58. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 9 mg of theobromine.

59. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains at least 60 mg of caffeine.

60. The composition according to claim 46, wherein the yerba mate supplement contains approximately 600 mg of total chlorogenic acid, approximately 9 mg of theobromine, and approximately 120 mg of caffeine.

61. The composition according to claim 46, wherein improvement in health and well-being includes improvement in blood lipid levels, weight loss, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels, increase in positive experience emotions, and / or decrease in negative experience emotions.

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