Method for imaging distributed wellbore optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data and processing terminal

Abstract

The present application provides a method for imaging monitoring data of a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber optic acoustic vibration in a mine shaft and a processing terminal. The imaging method includes steps 1 to 3. In step 1, k segy file data monitored by DAS are preprocessed to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file. In step 2, for the data matrix of each segy file obtained in step 1, N sample point data within t seconds in each channel of the matrix sample data are taken, and at the same time, the root mean square amplitude calculation is performed on its amplitude while recording the amplitude value. The M amplitude values in each segy file are collected to form each amplitude energy change curve. In step 3, each amplitude energy change curve obtained in step 2 is stacked and arranged in the time order formed by k segy files to form a cross-sectional view of the acoustic vibration energy change in the mine shaft on a long time scale. The present application realizes the imaging of long-period acoustic vibration data in the mine shaft and uses the data monitored by DAS in the mine shaft more efficiently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of well monitoring technologies in oil and gas field development, and particularly to an imaging method for distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring data of wells and a processing terminal.

Background Art

[0002] The distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system (DAS) is currently widely used in illegal excavation monitoring of oil and gas pipelines, safety and security of oil and petrochemical industries, border security, and fiber optic power outage monitoring. It has advantages such as long transmission distance, accurate positioning, and the ability for continuous distributed measurement. DAS is also currently used for monitoring the well production status during oil and gas production. According to the structure of the well body, an optical cable for the sensor is sent into the well via the pipeline and completely coupled with the well fluid, so as to monitor whether sand is coming out of the well, how the fluid is transported, and the operating status of the well production equipment.

[0003] DAS is sensitive to monitoring special phenomena such as crushing operations in a wellbore. Since the acoustic vibration energy generated by crushing is strong and there is an obvious difference from the acoustic vibration response as the surrounding background, it can be intuitively reflected in the monitoring results by DAS. However, the rules of the acoustic vibration response during the multiphase fluid transfer in the wellbore are unclear, and the resulting acoustic vibration energy is much lower than that of operations such as crushing in the wellbore. As a result, it has become impossible to intuitively determine the state of fluid transfer in the wellbore based on the raw data monitored by DAS on-site. On the other hand, the transfer state of the multiphase flow in the wellbore is one of the important indicators for guiding on-site production and plays a very important role. At the current stage, the distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system occupies an irreplaceable position in the monitoring of multiphase flow in the wellbore. However, the relatively complete DAS in the market is produced by foreign manufacturers, and the processing and use of monitoring data are often restricted by foreign service providers. In some cases, it can only be processed after production is completed, and the timeliness is low.

[0004] During the development of conventional and unconventional oil and gas in the ocean, DAS is usually placed in the wellbore to realize the change of acoustic vibration energy in the wellbore and further instruct the production operation in the wellbore. Conventional DAS monitoring can be used to evaluate the changes in the working conditions within the wellbore, such as wellbore crushing, within an instant or a short period. However, for the monitoring of long-time scale unsteady phenomena such as fluid transfer in the wellbore, due to the huge amount of data and severe interference of the data signal by the in-well operation noise, there is a lack of cases where it is used for real-time display.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] One of the objectives of the present application is to establish an imaging method and a processing terminal for the distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data in a wellbore to address the deficiencies existing in related technologies. The above-mentioned monitoring data refers to the data that is passively monitored using a distributed optical fiber in a wellbore, and is intended to be used for depicting the long-term production operations such as fluid transfer in the wellbore. It can perform accurate processing on a huge amount of DAS data. The processed DAS data can realize continuous display of micro-vibration phenomena in the wellbore, suppress background noise, and achieve rapid imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio for a huge amount of monitoring data. Thus, the drawback of the conventional DAS monitoring data that the production monitoring function in the wellbore is single and can only interpret short-cycle production operations is avoided.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0006] To achieve the above objective, the present application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides an imaging method for distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data in a wellbore. The imaging method includes steps 1 to 3. In step 1, k segy file data monitored by DAS are preprocessed to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file. Here, M is the number of channels of sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points of each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, dt is the sampling interval, k is a positive integer, and DAS is a distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring system. In step 2, for the data matrix of each segy file obtained in step 1, N sample point data within t seconds in each channel of the matrix sample data are taken, and the root mean square amplitude calculation is performed on its amplitude while recording each amplitude value. The M amplitude values in each segy file are collected to form one amplitude energy change curve. In step 3, the k amplitude energy change curves obtained in step 2 are stacked and arranged in the time order in which the segy file was formed to form a cross-sectional view of the acoustic vibration energy change in the wellbore on a long time scale.

[0008] As is clear from the description of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application preprocess segy file data to obtain a data matrix, calculate amplitude values from the data matrix, plot and arrange the amplitude values on an energy change curve, obtain a cross-sectional view of the acoustic vibration energy change in the wellbore on a long time scale, realize suppression of random background noise, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the entire data, and provide a basis for monitoring long-time scale non-steady phenomena such as fluid transfer in the wellbore.

[0009] In one possible implementation form, the root mean square amplitude calculation in step 2 has a calculation formula as follows:

Number

Number

Number

[0010] Furthermore, by calculating the root mean square amplitude value, it becomes easier to plot the subsequent amplitude energy change curve, thereby showing the change situation of the acoustic vibration energy in the wellbore on a long time scale.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the preprocessing reads the channel header information in the standard SEGY format from the raw data, and based on the channel header information, identifies the sampling interval dt, the data recording time t, and the number of channels M of the sample data channels recorded in the channel header, determines the total number of sample points N = t / dt for each sample data channel, and obtains a data matrix of size N×M for each SEGY file.

[0012] Furthermore, by reading the channel header information of the raw data and obtaining the detailed data of the channel header information, a data matrix is established, which makes it easier to perform calculations using the data of the data matrix later.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a real-time processing terminal, and the processing terminal includes a memory for reading and writing stored program instructions in real time, a processor for executing the program instructions stored in the memory, and the processor executes steps based on an imaging method for borehole distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data by a parallel algorithm.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application provides an imaging device for borehole distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data, and the imaging device includes a preprocessing module for preprocessing the k SEGY file data monitored by DAS to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each SEGY file, where M is the number of channels of the sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points for each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, dt is the sampling interval, k is a positive integer, and DAS is a distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring system, the preprocessing module; For each data matrix of the segy files obtained by the preprocessing module, take N sample point data within t seconds in each channel of the matrix sample data, calculate the root mean square amplitude for its amplitude, record the amplitude value at the same time, collect M amplitude values in each segy file, and an amplitude acquisition module for forming each amplitude energy change curve, Stack and arrange in time order the amplitude energy change curves obtained by the amplitude acquisition module for k segy files, and a cross-sectional view acquisition module for forming a cross-sectional view of the underground acoustic vibration energy change on a long time scale.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method for imaging the monitoring data of the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

Advantages of the Invention

[0016] The method for imaging the monitoring data of the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration and the processing terminal provided by the present application have the following beneficial effects.

[0017] (1) Break through foreign technology blockades and ensure data security. Since most of the underground monitoring data in oil and gas development is confidential, if the data is handed over to foreign service providers for processing, there is a possibility of information leakage, which will affect information security. However, if a data processing method independently developed through difficulties is applied, the self-adaptability of data processing is high, and a processing result that better meets its own needs can be obtained.

[0018] (2) Improve the efficiency of on-site operations and support on-site engineering decision-making. The storage space occupied by segy format data files is large. At the production platform site, the vibration state cross-section is often shown according to a cycle of 30s or shorter. The acoustic vibration response in the wellbore within a short time cannot intuitively reflect the state of fluid transfer. At the same time, although the long-cycle wellbore DAS monitoring data is a huge amount of data, the post-production processing work is heavy work. Therefore, when the present invention is applied, for a huge amount of data, on the premise of not affecting the monitoring quality, the long-cycle wellbore acoustic vibration response results can be imaged based on a parallel algorithm. As a result, the data volume is compressed, the data storage space is optimized, the data processing efficiency is further improved, and the changes in the fluid vibration response in the wellbore are effectively recorded.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer and more explicit, the content of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific examples described in this specification are only used to explain this application and do not limit this application. For ease of explanation, the drawings only show parts related to this application, not all of them.

[0021] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, this application provides an imaging method for distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring data of a mine shaft based on data monitored by DAS for the micro-vibration response caused by multiphase flow transfer in the mine shaft. The imaging method includes the following steps.

[0022] In step 1, k segy file data monitored by DAS are preprocessed to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file. The matrix has the increasing direction of the number of channels in the horizontal direction and the increasing direction of time in the vertical direction. Here, M is the number of channels of the sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points of each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, dt is the sampling interval, k is a positive integer, and DAS is a distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system. In step 2, for the data matrix of each segy file obtained in step 1, N sample point data within t seconds at each channel of each matrix sample data are taken, and the root mean square amplitude calculation is performed on the amplitudes of these sample points to record one new amplitude value. The M calculated amplitude values in each segy file are collected to form one new amplitude energy change curve. In step 3, each amplitude energy change curve obtained in step 2 is stacked and arranged in the time order in which k segy files are formed, realizing the compression and optimization of a huge amount of data, forming a cross-sectional view of the change in wellbore acoustic vibration energy on a long time scale, thereby realizing the imaging of long-period acoustic vibration data of the wellbore and at the same time realizing the real-time display of the multiphase vibration state in the wellbore. The data monitored by the wellbore DAS can be used more efficiently, and the interpretation of the wellbore production operation status is realized.

[0023] This application performs accurate processing on a huge amount of DAS data. The processed DAS data can continuously display the micro-vibration phenomenon of the wellbore in real time. The intensity of the background noise caused by the system performance is often lower than the intensity of the actual signal and has randomness. Therefore, after superimposing a series of actual signals with a certain regularity within a long period, the random background noise is suppressed accordingly, the signal-to-noise ratio of the entire data is improved, and by clarifying the response characteristics of the fluid transfer in the wellbore, the drawback that the conventional DAS monitoring data is mainly used for wellbore fracture monitoring is avoided, and a new application field of the monitoring method by the DAS system is opened up.

[0024] Preferably, the root mean square amplitude calculation in step 2 has a calculation formula as follows:

Number

Number

Number

[0025] Preferably, the preprocessing includes reading the channel header information in the standard segy format from the raw data, and based on the channel header information, identifying the sampling interval dt, the data recording time t, and the number of channels M of the data sample channels recorded in the channel header, determining the total number of sample points of each sample data channel as N = t / dt, and obtaining a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 4, the present application provides a real-time processing terminal, and the processing terminal includes a memory for reading and writing the stored program instructions in real time, a processor for executing the program instructions stored in the memory, and includes The processor executes steps based on the imaging method of the borehole distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data by a parallel algorithm. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, rapid imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio of a huge amount of monitoring data can be realized. Preferably, the program instructions can be divided into one or more modules / units, and one or more modules / units are stored in the memory and are executed by the processor to complete the present application. One or more modules / units can be a series of program instruction segments that can achieve specific functions and are used to describe the execution process of the program instructions in the processing terminal. Preferably, the processing terminal can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a handheld computer, a cloud server, etc. The processing terminal can include a processor and a memory, but is not limited thereto.

[0027] This application divides a huge amount of monitoring data by time, performs the root mean square average on the data in a short period, effectively compresses the data volume on the premise of not affecting data quality, realizes continuous display of DAS data on a long time scale, realizes suppression of the system's random noise, and is characterized in that the amplitude of the noise is small but it has no regularity. By using the above-mentioned superposition of the root mean square as the suppression method, random noise is further suppressed. In addition, the calculation and processing method of the data is simple, the calculation efficiency is high, and it can be directly used as an independent module of on-site data processing imaging software, solving the problem that the original DAS data is unclear for indicating the production operation status on a long time scale related to on-site fluid transfer, etc., and providing important data guidance for the extraction activities of conventional and unconventional oil and natural gas carried out on site, and further clarifying the operating state of the production fluid in the well. Since most of the well monitoring data in oil and natural gas development is confidential, there is a possibility of information leakage if the data is handed over to foreign service providers for processing, which will affect information security. However, when applying the data processing method independently developed through difficult breakthroughs, the self-adaptability of data processing is high, and the processing results can better meet its own needs, and data security can be ensured.

[0028] Note that the number of time sample points of the acoustic vibration energy change cross-section finally formed in this specification is consistent with the number of segy files collected and formed. Although the time interval of data display becomes larger, when it is long-term continuous monitoring data with a cycle of months or years, the impact brought about by changing the sampling time interval unit from milliseconds to seconds can be ignored. Furthermore, this processing method greatly compresses the data storage space and does not affect the display of the overall working situation.

[0029] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging device for monitoring data of a shaft distribution type optical fiber acoustic vibration according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5, the imaging device 500 for monitoring data of a shaft distribution type optical fiber acoustic vibration includes a preprocessing module 501, an amplitude acquisition module 502, and a cross-sectional view acquisition module 503.

[0030] The preprocessing module 501 is used to preprocess k segy file data monitored by DAS to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file, where M is the number of channels of sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points of each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, dt is the sampling interval, k is a positive integer, and DAS is a distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring system. The amplitude acquisition module 502 takes N sample point data within t seconds for each channel of matrix sample data for the data matrix of each segy file obtained by the preprocessing module, performs root mean square amplitude calculation on its amplitude, and records the amplitude value at the same time. The M amplitude values in each segy file are collected and used to form each amplitude energy change curve. The cross-sectional view acquisition module 503 stacks and arranges each amplitude energy change curve obtained by the amplitude acquisition module in the time order formed by k segy files, and is used to form a cross-sectional view of the acoustic vibration energy change in the shaft on a long time scale.

[0031] The device provided by this embodiment can be used to execute the technical solution according to the embodiment of the above method. Since its realization principle and technical effect are similar, this embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0032] In one possible implementation form, the amplitude acquisition module 502 performs root mean square amplitude calculation according to the following formula.

Equation

[0033] The device provided by this embodiment can be used to execute the technical solution means according to the above method embodiment. Since its realization principle and technical effect are similar, this embodiment will not be repeatedly described here.

[0034] In one possible implementation form, the preprocessing module 501 reads the channel header information in the standard segy format from the raw data, and based on the channel header information, identifies the sampling interval dt, the data recording time t, and the number of channels M of the sample data channels recorded in the channel header, determines the number of sample points of each sample data channel as N = t / dt, and is used to obtain the data matrix of size N×M of each segy file.

[0035] The device provided by this embodiment can be used to execute the technical solution means according to the above method embodiment. Since its realization principle and technical effect are similar, this embodiment will not be repeatedly described here.

[0036] This application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer-executable instructions are stored. When a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the technical solution related to the method for imaging the mine shaft distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data in any one of the above embodiments is realized. Since its realization principle and beneficial effects are similar to those of the method for imaging the mine shaft distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data, reference can be made to the realization principle and beneficial effects of the method for imaging the mine shaft distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data, and thus it will not be repeated here.

[0037] The above description is only an explanation of the preferred embodiments of this application and the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope described in this application is not limited to the technical solution consisting of a specific combination of the above technical features, and without departing from the concepts described above, other technical solutions consisting of any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features should also be included. For example, those formed by replacing the above features with technical features having similar functions described in this application (not limited thereto) can be cited.

[0038] After considering this specification and implementing the invention described in this specification, those skilled in the art can easily conceive of other embodiments of this application. This application is intended to include any modification, use, or appropriate change of this application, including general knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not described in this application in accordance with the general principles of this application. This specification and the examples are only regarded as illustrative, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0039] The above embodiments are only for explaining the technical concepts and features of this application, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the content of this application, rather than limiting the protection scope of this application. Equivalent changes or modifications made based on the essence of the content of this application shall be included in the protection scope of this application.

[0040] This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with an application number of 2023107428688 and an application title of "Method for Imaging Monitoring Data of Pit Well Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Vibration and Processing Terminal", which was filed with the Chinese Patent Office on June 21, 2023, and all of its contents are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A method for imaging data of a pit well distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system, comprising steps 1, 2 and 3, In step 1, k segy file data monitored by DAS are preprocessed to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file, where M is the number of channels of the sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points of each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, dt is the sampling interval, k is a positive integer, and DAS is a distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system, In step 2, for the data matrix of each segy file obtained in step 1, N sample point data within t seconds in each channel of the matrix sample data are taken, and at the same time, the root mean square amplitude calculation is performed on the amplitude thereof, and the amplitude value is recorded. M amplitude values in each segy file are collected to form each amplitude energy change curve, In step 3, each amplitude energy change curve obtained in step 2 is stacked and arranged in the time order formed by k segy files to form a cross-sectional view of the acoustic vibration energy change in the pit well on a long time scale. A method for imaging data of a pit well distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system, characterized in that.

2. The root mean square amplitude calculation described in step 2 has a calculation formula as follows, 【Number 1】 where, 【Number 2】 is the root mean square amplitude value of the m-th channel, n is the sequence of sample point data in each channel, 【Mathematics 3】 is the amplitude value of the n-th sample point within t seconds of the m-th channel, M is the number of channels of the sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points of each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, and dt is the sampling interval. A method for imaging data of a pit well distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that.

3. The preprocessing reads channel header information in the standard segy format from the raw data, and based on the channel header information, identifies the sampling interval dt, data recording time t, and the number of channels M of the sample data channels recorded in the channel header, determines the number of sample points N = t / dt for each sample data channel, and includes obtaining a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file. The method for imaging the shaft distribution type fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring data according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by this.

4. A memory for reading and writing stored program instructions in real time, A processor for executing the program instructions stored in the memory, a real-time processing terminal including: The processor executes the steps of the method for imaging the shaft distribution type fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring data according to any one of claims 1 to 3 by a parallel algorithm. The real-time processing terminal is characterized by this.

5. A preprocessing module for preprocessing k segy file data monitored by DAS to obtain a data matrix of size N×M for each segy file, where M is the number of channels of the sample data channels, N = t / dt is the total number of sample points for each sample data channel, t is the data recording time, dt is the sampling interval, k is a positive integer, and DAS is a distributed fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring system. The preprocessing module and For each data matrix of each segy file obtained by the preprocessing module, take N sample point data within t seconds for each channel of the matrix sample data, perform root mean square amplitude calculation on its amplitude while recording the amplitude value, and collect M amplitude values in each segy file to form an amplitude acquisition module for forming each amplitude energy change curve. A cross-sectional view acquisition module for stacking and arranging in time order the cross-sectional views of the acoustic vibration energy change in the shaft on a long time scale by stacking and arranging in time order the acoustic vibration energy change curves obtained by the amplitude acquisition module for each of the k segy files. The imaging device for shaft distribution type fiber optic acoustic vibration monitoring data is characterized by this. **Claim 6** A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method for imaging the shaft-sinking distributed optical fiber acoustic vibration monitoring data according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by this.

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