Systems and methods for improving accuracy for RTT-based positioning

Abstract

A system and method for round-trip time (RTT)-based positioning accuracy improvement is presented. A first network node may communicate with a second network node to determine a first measurement. The first measurement may correspond to a first round trip. The first network node may communicate with the second network node to determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip. A first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node may be determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including, but not limited to, systems and methods for improved accuracy and round-trip time (RTT) based positioning. [Background technology]

[0002] Sidelink (SL) communication refers to wireless communication between two or more user equipments (UEs). In this type of communication, two or more UEs in geographic proximity to each other can communicate without being routed through a base station (BS) or core network. Therefore, data transmission in SL communication differs from typical cellular network communication, which involves transmitting data to a BS (e.g., uplink transmission) and receiving data from a BS (e.g., downlink transmission). In SL communication, data is transmitted directly from a source UE to a target UE, for example, over a unified air interface (e.g., PC5 interface), without passing through a BS. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving problems associated with one or more problems presented in the prior art and to providing additional features that will become readily apparent from a review of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, exemplary systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. It will be understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example, and not limitation, and that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments may be made while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art reading this disclosure.

[0004] At least one aspect relates to a system, method, apparatus, or computer-readable medium. A first network node can communicate (e.g., transfer / exchange information) with a second network node to determine a first measurement value. The first measurement value can correspond to a first round trip. The first network node can communicate with the second network node to determine a second measurement value corresponding to a second round trip. A first location of the first network node and / or a second location of the second network node can be determined based at least in part on the first measurement value and the second measurement value.

[0005] In some arrangements, the first measurement and the second measurement may be transmitted to a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF may determine a first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement. In some arrangements, at least one of the first network node or the second network node may determine the first location of the first network node or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

[0006] In some arrangements, the first network node may receive at least one of assistance data, a capability request, or a measurement request from the LMF. In some implementations, at least one of the following: the assistance data may include transmission parameters, information about a positioning method, quality of service (QoS) requirements for sidelink positioning reference signals (SL-PRS) to be transmitted by the first network node, the measurement request may include a request for the first network node to provide information about the SL-PRS transmitted by the first network node, and / or the capability request includes at least one of a request for the first network node to provide information about whether multi-RTT is supported by the first network node or a request for the first network node to enable multi-RTT functionality.

[0007] In some arrangements, the first network node may send / transmit / be provided with at least one of a capability report, an assistance data request, or a measurement report to the LMF, where at least one of: the assistance data request may include a request for transmission parameters of the SL-PRS to be transmitted by the first network node, the measurement report may include at least one of a first measurement or a second measurement, each of the first measurement or the second measurement including at least one of a signal strength, a single-sided RTT (SS-RTT) receive-to-transmit time difference, or an SS-RTT measurement timestamp, and / or the capability report may include information regarding whether single-sided multi-RTT is supported by the first network node or a multi-RTT function of the first network node.

[0008] In some deployments, a base station (BS) (e.g., a gNB and / or TRP) may transmit at least one of assistance data or SL-PRS configuration data to the LMF. In some deployments, the LMF may transmit at least one of SL-PRS transmission characteristic information to the base station. In some deployments, the first network node may transmit a capability report including at least one of an indication of whether two-sided multi-RTT and / or multi-sided multi-RTT is supported and / or an indication of the type of multi-RTT supported.

[0009] In some arrangements, the first network node may receive / obtain control information. The control information may include at least one of: a configuration for determining at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; a trigger for determining at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; activating at least one of determining the first round trip or the second round trip; and / or deactivating at least one of determining the first round trip or the second round trip. In some arrangements, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of an indication of determining at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement, whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback, and / or an identifier (ID) for both the first measurement and the second measurement.

[0010] In some arrangements, the first network node communicating with the second network node to determine the first measurement value includes the first network node sending a first message to the second network node and the first network node receiving a first response to the first message from the second network node, and the first network node communicating with the second network node to determine the second measurement value includes the first network node receiving a second message from the second network node and the first network node sending a second response to the second message to the second network node.

[0011] In some arrangements, the first network node communicating with the second network node to determine the first measurement value includes the first network node sending a first message to the second network node and the first network node receiving a first response to the first message from the second network node, and the first network node communicating with the second network node to determine the second measurement value includes the first network node sending a second message to the second network node and the first network node receiving a second response to the second message from the second network node.

[0012] In some arrangements, the first network node communicating with the second network node to determine the first measurement value includes the first network node sending a first message to the second network node and the first network node receiving a first response to the first message from the second network node, and the first network node communicating with the second network node to determine the second measurement value includes the first network node sending a second message to the second network node in response to receiving the first response to the second network node.

[0013] In some arrangements, the second message may be transmitted once the first response is received by the first network node. In some arrangements, the first network node may receive a third message from the second network node in response to the second message. The second message and the third message may correspond to a third round trip. In some arrangements, each of the first or second measurements may include a receive-transmit time difference as the time difference between the SL-PRS receive time and the SL-PRS transmit time. The method may further include determining a total receive-transmit time difference for each of the first or second measurements based on a sum of the first receive-transmit time having higher granularity and the second receive-transmit time having lower granularity.

[0014] In some arrangements, higher granularity may be defined by a coarser resolution step and a first reporting range. Lower granularity may be defined by a finer resolution step based on a granularity factor and a second reporting range. In some arrangements, the method may include determining a receive-transmit time difference based on transmission characteristics of the first network node and the second network node. In some arrangements, the first network node may communicate with the second network node a preferred reply time to be applied by the first network node and the second network node before communicating to determine the first measurement value and the second measurement value.

[0015] In some arrangements, the first network node may transmit a measurement report that may include the first measurement and the second measurement, an ID shared by the first network node and the second network node, a measurement timestamp that defines the time at which the first measurement or the second measurement can be determined, and / or an ID that indicates a group of related measurements.

[0016] In some arrangements, the first measurement value, the second measurement value, a transmission configuration of the signal used in determining the first measurement value and the second measurement value, and a measurement timestamp may be correlated with one another. In some arrangements, the method may include determining a measurement time window, wherein the communicating to determine the first measurement value and the communicating to determine the second measurement value are performed within the measurement time window. In some arrangements, the first network node may be a wireless communication device, and the second network node may be a base station. In this case, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of a configuration for determining the order of the first and second round trips, a trigger for determining the order of the first and second round trips, activating the order of the first and second round trips, and / or deactivating the order of the first and second round trips.

[0017] In some arrangements, the first network node can be a wireless communication device and the second network node can be a base station. The method can include the first network node receiving control information. The control information can include at least one of an indication of an order for determining the first measurement value or determining the second measurement value, whether the first measurement value or the second measurement value is required for feedback, and / or an ID for a procedure for determining at least one of the first measurement value or the second measurement value.

[0018] In some arrangements, the first network node may be a wireless communication device and the second network node may be a base station. Each of the first measurement or the second measurement may include a receive-transmit time difference as the time difference between a signal reception time and a signal transmission time. In this case, the method may include determining a total receive-transmit time difference for each of the first measurement or the second measurement based on a sum of the first receive-transmit time having higher granularity and the second receive-transmit time having lower granularity.

[0019] In some arrangements, the first network node can communicate with a third network node to determine a third measurement. The third measurement can correspond to a third round trip. The first network node can communicate with the third network node to determine a fourth measurement corresponding to a fourth round trip. A first location of the first network node can be determined at least in part based on the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, and the fourth measurement.

[0020] At least one aspect relates to a system, method, apparatus, or computer-readable medium, wherein a network entity can determine a first measurement corresponding to a first round trip of communication between a first network node and a second network node. The network entity can determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip of communication between the first network node and the second network node. The network entity can determine a first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and merely depict exemplary embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered as limiting the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates an example of a cellular communication network in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] [Figure 2] 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and a user equipment device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] [Figure 3] 1 illustrates an example of an RTT between a first network node and a second network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] [Figure 4] 1 illustrates an example of a double-sided RTT (DS-RTT) between a first network node and a second network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] [Figure 5] 1 illustrates an example of a Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL-PRS) between a target UE and multiple anchor UEs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] [Figure 6] 1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for transferring information from a Location Management Function (LMF) to a UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] [Figure 7] 1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for transferring information from a UE to an LMF according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] [Figure 8] 1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for forwarding information from a BS (e.g., a gNB) to an LMF according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] [Figure 9] 1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for forwarding information from an LMF to a BS according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] [Figure 10]1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for communication between UEs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] [Figure 11] 1 illustrates an example of a DS-RTT with four messages and two different initiators according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] [Figure 12] 1 illustrates an example of DS-RTT with four messages and two identical / similar initiators according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] [Figure 13] 1 illustrates an example of a DS-RTT with three messages according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] [Figure 14] 1 illustrates an example of an Asymmetric Double-Sided (ADS)-RTT with three messages according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] [Figure 15] 1 illustrates an example of a multi-side (MS)-RTT with four SL-PRS transmissions (eg, four messages) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] [Figure 16] 1 illustrates an example of a SL DS-RTT according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] [Figure 17] 1 illustrates an example of a slot for communication between two UEs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] [Figure 18] 1 illustrates an example of triggering a preferred reply time according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] [Figure 19]1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example of a measurement group / pair including multiple measurements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] [Figure 20] 1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example of a measurement component including multiple measurement subsets according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] [Figure 21] 1 illustrates an example flow diagram of using additional measurements to encompass / include / provide DS-RTT / multi-side (MS)-RTT measurements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] [Figure 22] 1 illustrates an example of DS-RTT between a BS and a UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] [Figure 23] 1 illustrates an example of different RTTs supported by hybrid positioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0045] [Figure 24] 1 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for RTT-based positioning according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046] (1. Mobile Communications Technology and the Environment) 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network and / or system 100 in which the techniques disclosed herein according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the following description, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, and is referred to herein as “network 100.” Such exemplary network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102,” also referred to as a wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104,” also referred to as a wireless communication device) that may communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel), and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 that overlap a geographic region 101. In FIG. 1, the BS 102 and the UE 104 are contained within the respective geographic boundaries of the cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 may include at least one base station operating in its assigned bandwidth to provide adequate wireless communication coverage to its intended users.

[0047] For example, the BS 102 may operate at an assigned channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate communication coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 118 and an uplink radio frame 124, respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into subframes 120 / 127, which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In this disclosure, the BS 102 and the UE 104 are generally described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes” capable of practicing the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communication in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.

[0048] 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. System 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operational features that need not be described in detail herein. In one exemplary embodiment, system 200 may be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment, such as wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1, as previously described.

[0049] The system 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter "BS 202") and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter "UE 204"). The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each of which is coupled and interconnected as needed via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each of which is coupled and interconnected as needed via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 over a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for the transmission of data as described herein.

[0050] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than those shown in FIG. 2 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various exemplary blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this compatibility and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software may depend on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a manner suitable for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0051] According to some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an “uplink” transceiver 230 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and an RF receiver, each with circuitry coupled to an antenna 232. A duplexing switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in a time-duplexed manner. Similarly, according to some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a “downlink” transceiver 210 that includes an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each with circuitry coupled to an antenna 212. A downlink duplexing switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in a time-duplexed manner. The operation of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be time-coordinated such that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 at the same time that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for receiving transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250. Conversely, the operation of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be timed so that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 at the same time that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 to receive transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250. In some embodiments, there is a truncated time synchronization with a minimum guard time between changes in duplex direction.

[0052] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 communicate via a wireless data communication link 250 and are configured to cooperate with appropriately configured RF antenna devices 212 / 232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some exemplary embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards. However, it will be understood that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to application to a particular standard and associated protocol. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternative or additional wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.

[0053] According to various embodiments, the BS 202 may be, for example, an evolved Node B (eNB), a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet, a laptop computer, a wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented or realized using a general-purpose processor, a content-addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. As such, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, etc. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.

[0054] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, firmware, a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, or any practical combination thereof. Memory modules 216 and 234 may be implemented as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that processor modules 210 and 230 can read information from and write information to memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Each of the memory modules 216 and 234 may also include non-volatile memory for storing instructions executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.

[0055] The network communications module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bidirectional communications between the base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communicate with the base station 202. For example, the network communications module 218 may be configured to support Internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, the network communications module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface so that the base station transceiver 210 may communicate with conventional Ethernet-based computer networks. As such, the network communications module 218 may include a physical interface for connecting to a computer network (e.g., a mobile switching center (MSC)). As used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, the terms “configured for,” “configured to,” and conjugations thereof refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc. that is physically configured, programmed, formatted, and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.

[0056] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (referred to herein as the "Open Systems Interconnection Model") is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communications used by open systems (e.g., wireless communication devices, wireless communication nodes) to interconnect and communicate with other systems. The model is divided into seven subcomponents or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI model also defines logical networks and effectively describes computer packet transfers through the use of different layer protocols. The OSI model may be referred to as the seven-layer OSI model or seven-layer model. In some embodiments, the first layer may be the physical layer. In some embodiments, the second layer may be the medium access control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, the third layer may be the radio link control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, the fourth layer may be the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, the fifth layer may be the radio resource control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, the sixth layer may be a non-access stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer is another layer.

[0057] To enable those skilled in the art to make and use the present solution, various exemplary embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Furthermore, any specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein is merely an example approach. Based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in a disclosed method or process can be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those skilled in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or operations in a sample order, and that the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless otherwise specified.

[0058] 2. Systems and Methods for Accuracy Improvement for RTT-Based Positioning In certain systems, the performance and / or positioning accuracy of a multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) positioning method / feature / technique / implementation / process may be affected by / susceptible to clock shift errors in at least one network node (e.g., gNB / BS 102 / wireless communication node, UE 104 / wireless communication device, LMF, among others). A network node may be generally referred to as a node. In some situations, for example, when sidelink multi-RTT positioning is introduced due to performance differences between the oscillator of the UE 104 and the oscillator of the BS 102, the multi-RTT accuracy may be further affected.

[0059] To improve or enhance positioning accuracy (e.g., to satisfy or meet high-precision positioning requirements), the systems and methods described herein may include processes, procedures, and / or implementations for signaling such as Uu (e.g., Uu interface), sidelink (SL), and / or double-sided RTT (DS-RTT) for joint Uu and SL multi-RTT positioning.

[0060] In a particular system, based on or in accordance with a specification, a multi-RTT positioning method may utilize / leverage at least one of the following: a measurement of the time difference between UE reception and transmission (e.g., Rx-Tx of a signal by the UE 104); and / or a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS)-reference signal received power (RSRP) of a downlink signal received from one or more transmission / reception points (TRPs) that may be measured by the UE 104; and / or a BS (e.g., gNB or wireless communication node) Rx-Tx time difference measurement; and / or an uplink (UL) sounding reference signal (SRS)-RSRP of an uplink signal transmitted / transmitted / communicated / provided from the UE 104 (e.g., among other UEs 104). Furthermore, based on some systems, standards, or specifications, various time-based techniques may be introduced to perform ranging and location. For example, time-based techniques may include, among others, at least one of the following: single-sided two-way ranging (SS-TWR); double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR); and / or one-way ranging (OWR) or time difference of arrival (TDOA). The arrangement, configuration, or implementation of the two-way ranging technique / process may be similar to RTT. In some arrangements, DS-TWR may be an extension of SS-TWR and may use and / or combine two round-trip time measurements to provide / give / show time-of-flight (TOF) results with reduced error (e.g., clock shift error) (e.g., in the presence of uncorrected / unadjusted clock frequency offsets (e.g., even with relatively long or extended response delays)).

[0061] As described herein, the UE 104 may correspond to, be associated with, or be part of a vehicle (e.g., a vehicular UE), a mobile UE, a roadside unit (RSU), a positioning reference unit (PRU), and / or any other type of UE 104 that supports V2X services, sidelink communications, and / or Uu communications. The UE 104 may or may not have a known position / location (e.g., an identified or unidentified position). A target UE may refer to or correspond to a UE 104 to be positioned or located. An anchor UE may correspond to a UE 104 that supports / assists positioning of the target UE. A TOF may refer to or indicate the time of propagation of a signal transferred between two network nodes. For example, multiplying the TOF by the speed of light obtains the distance between two network nodes.

[0062] In various deployment configurations, a double-sided RTT (DS-RTT) for Uu, SL, and / or joint Uu and SL RTT-based positioning can be introduced / provided to improve positioning performance or accuracy. Referring to FIG. 3, an example RTT 300 between a first network node and a second network node is shown. As shown, for RTT-based positioning, the first network node and / or the second network node can be a UE 104 and / or a BS 102 / TRP. For example, in a certain RTT, the first network node may transmit / communicate / send a signal / message (e.g., a first signal or a first message, etc.) to the second network node (302). In this case, the TOF may represent the propagation time from the transmission instance of the signal by the first network node to the reception instance by the second network node. After receiving the signal from the first network node, the second network node may transmit a signal (e.g., a second signal or a response message, etc.) to the first network node (304). The derivation of the error comparison (eg, for clock shift error, etc.) for various types of RTT (eg, single-sided or double-sided RTT) may include at least the following equations:

number

number

number

[0063] e node1 and e node2may represent / indicate a deviation of the respective first and second network nodes (e.g., gNB 102 / TRP and / or UE 104) from a nominal frequency (e.g., as specified in the network node specifications or configuration). The frequency deviation from the nominal value may cause (e.g., result in) a clock drift / shift, which may be expressed in parts per million (ppm). In some implementations, the RTT associated with FIG. 3 may represent a single-sided (SS)-RTT.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 4, an example 400 of a two-sided RTT (DS-RTT) between a first network node and a second network node is shown. In some arrangements, the operations / procedures for DS-RTT may include three messages / signals communicated between network nodes. For example, the first network node may transmit a first message to the second network node (402). The second network node may transmit a second message to the first network node in response to or subsequent to receiving the first message (404). The second message may be a reply / response to the first message. After receiving the second message, the first network node may transmit a third message (e.g., a second reply / response) to the second network node (406). Equations related to the operation of DS-RTT may include at least the following:

number

number

number

number

[0065] As shown in the above formula, the error in RTT (e.g., related to Figure 3) is T reply(e.g., the unit can be in milliseconds), and the error in DS-RTT (e.g., related to Figure 4)

number

number

[0066] Therefore, by introducing DS-RTT, the system and method of the technical solution can improve / enhance / increase the positioning accuracy of various network nodes (e.g., UEs, etc.).

[0067] (Deployment configuration 1: SL RTT) 5, an exemplary 500SL-PRS is shown between a target UE (e.g., UE 502) and multiple anchor UEs (e.g., UEs 504A-N, which may be generally referred to as UEs 504). In various implementations, a first network node (e.g., which may be referred to as Node 1) and a second network node (e.g., which may be referred to as Node 2) may be UEs 104. At least one of the network nodes may correspond to the target UE 502, and at least one other network node may correspond to the anchor UE 504. An SL multi-RTT (e.g., SL one-sided multi-RTT) positioning method may include use of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements and / or SL-PRS-RSRP, and / or SL-PRS-Reference Signal Receive Path Power (RSRPP) of SL signals received from one or more anchor UEs 504 measured by the target UE 502, and / or UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements and / or SL-SRS-RSRP, and / or SL-PRS-RSRPP measured at multiple anchor UEs 504 of SL signals transmitted / transmitted from the target UE 502. As shown, the target UE 502 and one or more anchor UEs 504 may communicate SL-PRSs to each other (506A-N). The position of the UE 104 (e.g., the target UE 502) may be determined / estimated / identified based on measurements made / performed at the target UE 502 and / or one or more anchor UEs 504. SL DS multi-RTT (e.g., DS-RTT) positioning can be an extension / addition of the SL multi-RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) positioning method. For example, in SL DS-RTT, two (or more) round-trip measurements can be utilized and combined to obtain / determine the distance between UEs 104.

[0068] For SL RTT (e.g., one-sided / one-way RTT and / or two-sided / two-way RTT), location management function (LMF)-based and / or UE-based positioning can be supported. For example, LMF-based RTT can include or be a positioning method / process, and UE-based RTT can be another positioning method. In LMF-based RTT, the UE 104 can provide measurements (e.g., included in at least one message or signal) to the LMF. The LMF can receive the measurements from the UE 104 and perform positioning determination / calculation / estimation. In UE-based RTT, a target UE (e.g., target UE 502) can determine or calculate its position, and / or another UE (e.g., at least one anchor UE 504) can determine the target UE's position. In some aspects, if the target UE does not have the capability / support to perform positioning calculations, RTT measurements (e.g., first measurement, second measurement, etc.) may be collected from interactions between the target UE and at least one other UE capable of performing positioning calculations.

[0069] For specific SL RTTs, such as full coverage and partial coverage scenarios / configurations, the network may be involved in SL-PRS configuration, data transmission assistance, and / or position calculation, among other things. Referring to FIG. 6, a flow diagram of an example method 600 for transferring information from an LMF to a UE 104 is shown. As shown, information may be transferred / communicated between network elements or network nodes, such as between an LMF and a UE 104. For example, the LMF may transmit at least one of a UE capability request (602), assistance data (604), and / or a measurement request (606) to the UE 104.

[0070] With respect to the UE capability request, the LMF may request the capabilities of the UE 104, such as the ability to support SL multi-RTT, and / or request SL multi-RTT positioning capability from the UE 104.

[0071] The assistance data may include one or more SL-PRS transmission parameters of at least one UE 104 (e.g., target UE and / or anchor UE), identifiers (IDs) of one or more other UEs 104 (e.g., target UE and / or anchor UE), SL-PRS resource set ID, SL-PRS resource ID, time offset of the UE 104's direct frame number (DFN)#0 / system frame number (SFN)#0 slot#0 relative to the reference UE and / or target UE's DFN#0 / SFN#0 slot#0, expected SL-PRS reference signal time difference (RSTD), expected SL-PRS RSTD uncertainty, expected SL-PRS relative time of arrival (RTOA), expected SL-PRS RTOA uncertainty, expected SL-PRS Rx-Tx time difference ... The assistance data may include or encompass at least one of the following: Rx-Tx time difference uncertainty, SL-PRS configuration (e.g., which may include target UE and / or anchor UE), subcarrier spacing of the SL-PRS resource, number of PRBs allocated to the SL-PRS resource, starting PRB index, SL-PRS comb size (e.g., resource element spacing in each symbol of the SL-PRS resource), SL-PRS AGC symbol and / or gap symbol, cyclic prefix length of the SL-PRS resource, expected Antenna-On-Display (AoD) and / or Angle of Arrival (AoA) (e.g., along with uncertainty, if any), SL RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) error description / message / reason, set of available SL-PRS configurations (e.g., which may be requested on-demand by the UE 104), and may specify, among other things, the network area for which the assistance data is valid, response time, positioning accuracy, horizontal accuracy, vertical accuracy, timing quality, and / or synchronization reference related information.The SL-PRS transmission parameters may include at least one of a range of SL-PRS modulation coding scheme (MCS) values, a range of the number of SL-PRS subchannels, a maximum number of SL-PRS (re)transmissions, an SL-PRS MaxTxPower, an SL-PRS CRlimit, an SL-PRS periodicity, an SL-PRS repetition factor, a number of SL-PRS symbols in a slot, and / or an SL-PRS muting pattern, etc.

[0072] The measurement result request may include, among other things, at least one of the following: requesting SL-PRS resource information (e.g., used to determine the SL SS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference), requesting measurements (e.g., SL-PRS RSRP, first path SL-PRS RSRP, SL-PRS RSRPP, SL-PRS RSTD, and / or SL-PRS RTOA, etc.), whether to enable the UE 104 to request additional SL-PRS assistance data, SL RTT Requesting Rx-Tx time difference reporting granularity, additional paths, maximum number of Rx-Tx time differences for SL-PRS resources per UE 104, RxTx Timing Error Group (TEG) requests, requested number of SL-PRS processing samples, type and / or granularity of line-of-sight (LOS) and no-line-of-sight (NLOS) indicators, multiple measurement instances in a single measurement report, lower Rx beam sweep factor, measuring the same SL-PRS resource on different RxTxTEGs, measuring the same SL-PRS resource on different RxTEGs, and / or time domain behavior of measurement reporting (e.g., one-shot, triggered, aperiodic, semi-persistent, periodic, etc.).

[0073] In some implementations, the UE 104 may provide, or may be requested (e.g., by the LMF) to provide, information regarding additional paths associated with measurements related to SL positioning, such as in the form of relative time differences and / or quality values. The relative time differences may refer to the additional detected path timing relative to or associated with the detected path timing of the reference resource.

[0074] In various aspects, the TEG can include, correspond to, or be associated with a Tx timing error. The Tx timing error can be the result of a Tx time delay involved in, during, or associated with the transmission of a signal. This Tx timing error can be an uncalibrated Tx time delay or a remaining delay after TRP and / or UE internal calibration and / or compensation for Tx time delay, such as involved in the transmission of DL-PRS and / or UL SRS signals. The calibration / compensation / adjustment can also include calibration of relative time delays between different RF chains within the same TRP and / or UE. In some cases, the calibration can take into account or account for an offset of the Tx antenna phase center relative to the center of the physical antenna.

[0075] In some implementations, the TEG may include or correspond to at least one of a UE Rx TEG, a UE RxTx TEG, and / or a UE Tx TEG. The UE Rx TEG may include an Rx timing error, which may be associated with a UE report of one or more DL measurements (e.g., RSTD) within a particular margin / range / frame. The UE RxTx TEG may include an Rx timing error and a Tx timing error. These timing errors may be associated with a UE report of one or more UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., the difference between "Rx timing error + Tx timing error") within a certain margin. The UE Tx TEG may include a Tx timing error. The Tx timing error may be associated with a UE transmission on one or more UL SRS resources for positioning purposes within a particular margin.

[0076] In some deployment configurations, a TEG may be defined for or associated with a TRP. A TRP includes or may be a set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g., an antenna array having one or more antenna elements) supporting TP and / or RP functions. For example, a TEG defined for a TRP may include at least one of a TRP Rx TEG, a TRP RxTx TEG, and / or a TRP Tx TEG. The TRP Rx TEG may include the Rx timing error associated with a TRP report of one or more UL measurements within a particular margin. The TRP RxTx TEG may include the Rx timing error and the Tx timing error associated with a TRP report of one or more BS / gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., the difference between "Rx timing error + Tx timing error") within a particular margin. The TRP Tx TEG may include the Tx timing error associated with a TRP transmission on one or more DL-PRS resources within a particular margin.

[0077] 7, a flow diagram of an example method 700 for transferring information from a UE 104 to an LMF is shown. As shown, the UE 104 may transmit / send / provide a UE capability report (702), an assistance data request (704), and / or a measurement report (706) to the LMF. Information transmitted between the UE 104 and the LMF (e.g., among other network nodes) may be included / contained in or included as part of at least one message.

[0078] The assistance data request may include at least one of requesting pre-configured assistance data with, among other things, a physical cell ID of the UE 104, a requested on-demand SL-PRS for SL RTT (e.g., SS-RTT), expected AoA information, expected AoD information, and / or area availability. The measurement report may include or correspond to at least one of cell information, SL-PRS resource information, SL-PRS RSRP, SL-PRS RSRPP, Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and SL-PRS resources, association between TEG and measurements, and / or additional measurements, etc. The measurement report may correspond to one-shot, triggered, aperiodic, semi-persistent, and / or periodic.

[0079] In some implementations, the Rx-Tx time difference of the UE SL RTT is T UE-RX -T UE-TX It can be defined or expressed as: T UE-RX T may correspond to or indicate the UE reception timing of SL subframe #i from the transmission point (TP) as defined by the first detected path in time. UE-TX may correspond to the UE transmission timing of the sidelink subframe #j that may be closest in time to the subframe #i received from the TP.

[0080] In various aspects, the SL SS-RTT measurement timestamp can represent the time instance / period at which the SL-PRS measurement is performed. The SL SS-RTT timestamp field may include at least one of the following information: a direct frame number (DFN), a slot number within the DFN, a slot number within the SFN, a slot number within the SFN, a subframe number within the frame, a slot number within the frame (e.g., related to the subcarrier spacing (SCS)), a symbol number within the slot, a specific / precise time position within the symbol, and / or the current Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time obtained from a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). When the synchronization source is a BS 102 (e.g., a gNB), at least one of the following information can be added to the SL RTT timestamp field: an ID of the TRP whose SFN is applicable to the SL-PRS transmission, a physical cell ID, a global cell ID, and / or an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) of the TRP.

[0081] In some arrangements, the SL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) can represent a linear average of the power contributions (e.g., in [W] or watts) of resource elements carrying SL-PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurement within a given / considered measurement frequency bandwidth at a configured measurement time occasion / occurrence. In some arrangements, the SL-PRS reference signal received path power (RSRPP) can represent the power of a linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of resource elements carrying SL-PRS signals configured for measurement. For example, the SL PRS-RSRPP for a first path delay can indicate or represent the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time.

[0082] In various implementations, the UE 104 may indicate / provide its ability to support SL multi-RTT and / or its SL multi-RTT positioning capability to a location server (e.g., LMF), for example, in a UE capability report. The UE capability report may include at least one of the following information, among others: SL-PRS resource capability (e.g., maximum number of SL-PRS resources per UE 104), SL multi-RTT measurement capability, UE SL-PRS quasi-co-location (QCL) processing capability, SL-PRS processing capability, additional route reporting, periodic reporting, response time and its unit (e.g., seconds, milliseconds, nanoseconds, etc.), whether AoD and / or AoA are supported, on-demand SL-PRS request support, LOS / NLOS indicator support, RxTx TEG ID reporting support, and / or pre-configured assistance data validity support. The SL multi-RTT measurement capability may include, for example, at least one of: a maximum number of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements corresponding to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set for positioning, where each measurement corresponds to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set on Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and / or FR2; whether the UE 104 supports RSRP and / or RSRPP measurements for SL multi-RTT on FR1 and / or FR2; UE TEG capability; whether the UE supports SL-PRS measurements in RRC-INACTIVE state; The SL-PRS processing capability may include, for example, at least one of the following, among others: a maximum number of SL-PRS bandwidths, an SL-PRS buffer type, an SL-PRS processing window, a maximum number of SL-PRS resources that the UE 104 can process in a slot, a measurement instance, a processing sample M, a duration N of an SL-PRS symbol in milliseconds that the UE 104 can process per Tms, and / or the aforementioned processing capabilities in the RRC_INACTIVE state, an Rx beam sweeping factor (e.g., if FR2 is supported for SL positioning).

[0083] 8, a flow diagram of an example method 800 for forwarding information from a BS 102 (e.g., a gNB) to an LMF is shown. As shown, the BS 102 may transmit / send / provide assistance data / SL-PRS configuration data (e.g., in a message) to the LMF (802). The assistance data / SL-PRS configuration data may include at least one of an SL-PRS configuration, SL-PRS transmission characteristics, and / or its corresponding or associated UE information, etc. The SL-PRS configuration or transmission characteristics may include at least one of a periodicity, resource bandwidth, repetition factor, SL-PRS muting pattern, SL-PRS comb size, number of SL-PRS resource symbols, QCL information, and / or start / end time of SL-PRS transmission, among others.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 9, a flow diagram of an example method 900 for forwarding information from an LMF to a BS 102 is shown. For example, the LMF may forward / transmit / send an SL-PRS transmission characteristics request (902) and / or an SL positioning activation / deactivation request (904) to the BS 102. The SL-PRS transmission characteristics request may be, for example, a request for SL-PRS transmission characteristics information including one or more of the information described above. The SL positioning activation / deactivation request may correspond to or be part of a message sent by the LMF to the BS 102 (e.g., a gNB). The SL positioning activation / deactivation request may include information to cause the BS 102 (e.g., or at least one other network node) to activate / trigger / enable or deactivate / disable SL-PRS transmission by the UE 104. The BS 102 and / or the LMF may correspond to each of the network nodes.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 10 , a flow diagram of an example method 1000 for communication between UEs 104 is shown. For example, communication may be between a first UE and a second UE, among other UEs 104. In certain out-of-coverage scenarios, the network (e.g., BS 102, LMF, etc.) may not be involved in the SL positioning procedure / process. In this case, the UE 104 may communicate / transfer information between one or more other UEs 104. The information between the UEs 104 may include at least one of a position request (1002), a SL positioning activation / deactivation request (1004), a UE capability transfer (1006), an assistance data transfer (1008), and / or a measurement result transfer / report (1010), etc.

[0086] (Configuration 2: SL DS-RTT Structure Signaling Procedure) In various deployment configurations, various DS-RTT structures and / or extensions (e.g., MS-RTT) can be introduced for SL positioning, such as DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, Asymmetric DS-RTT (ADS-RTT) with three messages, and / or MS-RTT, among others. The type of multi-RTT (e.g., including at least one of SS-RTT, DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, ADS-RTT, and / or MS-RTT) can be configured or requested by the LMF via the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) and / or by the UE 104 via PC5-RRC, PC5-S, and / or SL-LPP (e.g., SL-LMF layer), among other higher layer signaling. For example, the UE 104 can report DS-RTT-related capabilities to the LMF via LPP signaling. The LMF can request the UE 104's capability information for DS-RTT.

[0087] In some implementations, if the network is unavailable and / or a UE-based DS-RTT is determined, the UE 104 may report / provide / communicate the capabilities of at least one other UE 104 or transmit a request for the capabilities via at least one of PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, and / or SL-LPP (e.g., in conjunction with ACT 1006 of FIG. 10 ) in a new layer SL-LMF dedicated / configured used for SL positioning. The capability transfer can be unicast (e.g., transfer to another UE 104) and / or groupcast and / or broadcast signaling (e.g., transfer to a group of UEs 104).

[0088] The UE capability report may include, among other things, at least one of the following information: whether the UE 104 supports SL multi-RTT and provides its SL multi-RTT positioning capability; whether the UE 104 supports DS-RTT and / or which type of DS-RTT (e.g., DS-RTT with three messages, DS-RTT with four messages, ADS-RTT, and / or others) is supported; SL-PRS resource capability (e.g., maximum number of SL-PRS resources per UE); SL multi-RTT measurement capability (e.g., at least one of the following: maximum number of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements corresponding to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set for positioning, where each measurement corresponds to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set on FR1 and / or FR2, whether the UE supports RSRP and / or RSRPP measurements for sidelink multi-RTT on FR1 and / or FR2, UE TEG capability, whether the UE supports SL-PRS measurements in RRC-INACTIVE state, etc.); UE SL-PRS QCL processing capability; SL-PRS processing capability (e.g., maximum number of SL-PRS bandwidths, SL-PRS buffer type, SL-PRS processing window, maximum number of SL-PRS resources the UE can process in a slot, measurement instances, processing samples M, duration N of an SL-PRS symbol in milliseconds (ms) that the UE can process per Tms, the aforementioned processing capability in RRC_INACTIVE state, and / or Rx beam sweeping factor if FR2 is supported for SL positioning, etc.); additional path reporting; periodic reporting; response time; whether the UE supports AoD and / or AoA; on-demand SL-PRS request support; LOS / NLOS indicator support; RxTx TEG ID reporting support; pre-configured assistance data validity support; and / or support for measurements based on measurements of M samples for each DS-RTT.

[0089] In various implementations, control information used to direct the configuration / trigger / activation / deactivation of the first Tx to Rx round trip and / or the second Tx to Rx round trip for DS-RTT may be provided / configured. In some cases, the control information may be carried / included / contained in, for example, higher layer signaling, lower layer signaling, and / or both higher and lower layer signaling. In some cases, the control information may be carried in each SL-PRS transmission and / or used at the start of the first Tx to Rx round trip and / or the start of the second Tx to Rx round trip. The signaling (e.g., higher layer signaling and / or lower layer signaling) can be at least one of the following: · Upper layer signaling can be received from the LMF via LPP. · Higher layer signaling may be received from the BS 102 via RRC. · Higher layer signaling may be received from at least one UE 104 via PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, the application layer, and / or a new layer dedicated to SL positioning, such as SL-LMF over SL-LPP. · Lower layer signaling may be received from the BS 102 via Downlink Control Information (DCI). · Lower layer signaling may be received from the UE 104 via SL MAC-CE and / or Sidelink Control Information (SCI). If there is higher layer signaling and lower layer signaling involved in the configuration / triggering / activation / deactivation of DS-RTT, the higher layer signaling may be used for SL-PRS configuration and / or to coordinate the corresponding configuration / capability of the UE 104 in DS-RTT, and the lower layer signaling may be used, for example, to initiate / activate / deactivate the first and / or second Tx to Rx round trips and / or potential resource indication / reservation of the SL-PRS.

[0090] In various aspects, the content of the control information (e.g., the second round trip indicator from the first Tx to the Rx) may be used for DS-RTT. The control information may indicate or include at least one of the following: · One or more bits. The control information may include an indication of whether it is a first Tx to Rx round trip or a second Tx to Rx round trip (e.g., to determine at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip). The control information may represent or indicate whether an RTT measurement (e.g., at least one of a first measurement, a second measurement, etc.) is required for feedback or should be provided. An ID for each DS-RTT procedure / process (e.g., for at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement, etc.). For example, there may be multiple DS-RTT measurements between the target UE and at least one anchor UE. The ID can be used to distinguish at least one specific DS-RTT.

[0091] An example of control information used for DS-RTT can be shown in Table 1 below. [Table 1]

[0092] Referring to FIG. 11, an example DS-RTT 1100 having four messages and two different initiators (e.g., a first UE and a second UE) is shown. The first UE (e.g., UE1) may represent a first network node, and the second UE (e.g., UE2) may represent a second network node. The first UE may initiate a first round trip (e.g., first round trip measurement) of the DS-RTT by transmitting SL-PRS1 (1102). The second UE may respond / reply / transmit with SL-PRS2 following the transmission of SL-PRS1 (1104). After the first round trip (e.g., including SL-PRS1 and SL-PRS2), the second UE may initiate a second round trip measurement by transmitting SL-PRS3 (1106). The first UE may respond / reply / transmit with SL-PRS4 following the transmission of SL-PRS3 (1108). Thus, the first and second UEs (eg, the first and second network nodes) may be initiators of each round trip of the DS-RTT.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 12, an example 1200 of a DS-RTT measurement with four messages and two identical / similar initiators is shown. In various implementations, the initiator of one or more round trips of the DS-RTT for measurement can be the same UE 104 (or another network node). In this case, four messages of the DS-RTT can be utilized. For example, a first UE can initiate a first round trip of the DS-RTT by transmitting SL-PRS1 (1202). Then, a second UE can respond / reply / transmit with SL-PRS2 (1204). After the first round trip, the first UE can initiate a second round trip measurement by transmitting SL-PRS3 (1206). Thus, the second UE can respond / reply / transmit with SL-PRS4 (1208).

[0094] Referring to FIG. 13, an example DS-RTT with three messages 1300 is shown. In various deployment configurations, the four messages of DS-RTT can be reduced to three messages to minimize response delay, such as by using the reply / response of a first round trip measurement (e.g., SL-PRS2) as the initiator of a second round trip measurement. For example, a first UE can transmit SL-PRS1 to initiate the first round trip (1302). A second UE can receive SL-PRS1 and respond / reply / transmit with SL-PRS2, which is also used to initiate the second round trip (1304). Thus, after SL-PRS2, the first UE can respond / reply / transmit with SL-PRS3 (1306).

[0095] Referring to Figure 14, an example 1400 of an ADS-RTT with three messages is shown. In some implementations, an ADS-RTT with three messages can be utilized to reduce the processing delay of a DS-RTT while achieving / maintaining a performance level. In this case, compared to a DS-RTT with three messages (e.g., as shown in Figure 13), after receiving SL-PRS2, the first UE receives T reply2 For example, after transmitting SL-PRS1 to begin the first round trip (1402), the first UE may expect the second UE to reply / transmit on SL-PRS2 (1404). The first UE may not wait to perform SL-PRS2 (e.g., T reply1 ) (e.g., the first UE may determine the expected time to receive a response from the second UE after SL-PRS1 transmission) and may be configured to reserve / maintain (e.g., available and / or suitable) SL-PRS resources at t3 for transmission. reply1 Instead of waiting to receive T, such as t3 in this example, the first UE reply1 A reply (eg, SL-PRS3) may be transmitted immediately at or around the expected time of receipt of the message (1406).

[0096] Referring to Figure 15, an example MS-RTT 1500 with four SL-PRS transmissions (e.g., four messages) is shown. In various configurations, the effect of crystal offset can be reduced / minimized by increasing the transmission time of the positioning messages. For example, if after a messaging sequence for DS-RTT with three messages (e.g., after SL-PRS3, as shown in conjunction with at least one of Figures 13-14), at least one ranging message (e.g., shown as SL-PRS4) is sent from the second UE back to the first UE, a total of four SL-PRS transmissions can be sent between the UEs.

[0097] For example, a first UE may transmit a first message to initiate a first round trip (1502). The second UE may reply / transmit a second message to initiate a second round trip (1504). The first UE may reply / transmit a third message to initiate a third round trip (1506). The second UE may reply / transmit a fourth message to the first UE (1508). The fourth message may or may not, for example, initiate another round trip. In some implementations, subsequent transmissions by at least one UE (e.g., or network node) may be performed based on or according to an expected time of receiving the respective reply (e.g., with respect to FIG. 14).

[0098] In a further example, if real-time or efficient RTT is not required, DS-RTT can be extended / expanded to MS-RTT by including / adding / providing / implementing at least one additional round trip. In this case, control information can be used / configured to indicate the configuration / trigger / activation / deactivation of the first through nth Tx-to-Rx round trips for MS-RTT, which can have “n” Tx-to-Rx round trips. The control information can be carried / included in at least one of upper layer signaling, lower layer signaling, or upper layer and lower layer signaling. In some cases, the control information can be carried in each SL-PRS transmission and / or used at the initiation of at least one Tx-to-Rx round trip. The signaling configuration for MS-RTT can be similar to (or possibly different from) DS-RTT.

[0099] The content of the control information used for MS-RT may include at least one of the following: The first and second through nth Tx to Rx round trip indicators may indicate at least one of the following: Multiple bits. o The control information may include an indication of its corresponding Tx to Rx round trip (e.g., which round trip it corresponds to). The control information can indicate whether RTT measurements (e.g., the first, second, etc. measurements) are required for feedback. Should a total of n Tx to Rx round-trip measurements be reported together or one by one? Each MS-RTT procedure / method can correspond to a respective ID. For example, there can be multiple MS-RTT measurements between a target UE and at least one anchor UE. The ID can be used to distinguish at least one specific MS-RTT.

[0100] (Deployment configuration 3: SL DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference) Referring to FIG. 16, an example SL DS-RTT 1600 is shown. As shown, if the UE Rx-Tx time difference for the SL DS-RTT is calculated as the difference between the receive and transmit timings of the SL subframes, the transmit timing of the t0 subframe may be similar to or correspond to the t4 subframe, and / or the receive timing of the t1 subframe may be similar to the t5 subframe. t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, and / or t5 may represent the UE receive timing and / or transmit timing of the SL-PRS. For example, a first UE may transmit SL-PRS1 at t0, and a second UE may receive SL-PRS1 at t1 (1602). The second UE may transmit SL-PRS2 at t2, and the first UE may receive SL-PRS2 at t3 (1604). The first UE may transmit SL-PRS3 at t4, the second UE may receive SL-PRS3 at t5 (1606), etc. Thus, the following equation may be obtained / provided:

number

number

number

[0101] In this case, DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT may be relatively superior to SS-RTT. Therefore, instead of using the transmit / receive subframe difference, the UE Rx-Tx time difference for SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT can be configured / specified as the difference between the SL-PRS receive timing and the SL-PRS transmit timing. For example, the UE Rx-Tx time difference for SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT can be specified at multiple levels of granularity (e.g., two levels). The total DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference can be the sum of the UE Rx-Tx time difference at the high granularity level and the UE Rx-Tx time difference at the low granularity level. For example, a millisecond-level (e.g., high granularity level) Rx-Tx time difference can be reported together with a nanosecond-level (e.g., low granularity level) Rx-Tx time difference.

[0102] (1. High-granularity UE Rx-Tx time difference) The higher granularity level UE Rx-Tx time difference may provide a coarse measurement result and / or an approximate propagation time. The (e.g., coarser) resolution step (e.g., reporting resolution) of this time difference may be at least one of slot, absolute time of slot, millisecond, and / or subframe, etc. The reporting range of the higher granularity level UE Rx-Tx time difference may be the total slot number (e.g., N) of the SL-PRS resource pool / configuration. max ) and / or total time domain resources (e.g., T max ms).

[0103] At least one of the following exemplary reporting timing strategies may be considered / utilized: High granularity level UE Rx-Tx time difference reporting range is -0.5*N max ~0.5*N max The resolution step is 1 slot. High granularity level UE Rx-Tx time difference reporting range is -0.5*T max ~0.5*T maxms, with a resolution step of 1 millisecond.

[0104] (2. Low-Grain Level UE Rx-Tx Time Difference) A lower level of granularity of the UE Rx-Tx time difference can provide finer measurement results (e.g., finer resolution steps). For example, the time unit T C =1 / (Δf max N f ), where Δ f =480 10 3 Hz, N=4096. This finer reporting range of results may be subframes (e.g., 1 ms) and / or slots (e.g., 2 -μ This time difference can be related to an absolute time of nanoseconds, multiples of nanoseconds, T c , and / or multiple T c At least one of the following reporting timing strategies may be utilized: Low granularity level: UE Rx-Tx time difference reporting range is ns, 2 k ns, T c , and / or 2 k *Tc, etc., from -0.5 to 0.5 slots. Low granularity level: UE Rx-Tx time difference reporting range is ns, 2 k ns, T c , and / or 2 k *T c etc., can be specified from -0.5 to 0.5 ms, with a resolution step selected from one of

[0105] k may represent a timing reporting granularity factor for finer Rx-Tx time differences. SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference related parameters may include, among others, at least one of: high-granularity level Rx-Tx time difference reporting range, high-granularity level Rx-Tx time difference resolution step, low-granularity level Rx-Tx time difference reporting range, low-granularity level Rx-Tx time difference resolution step, k value, and / or reporting strategy. The parameters can be configured based on / according to / using at least one of the following configurations / options: Configured or recommended by the LMF via the LPP. Configured or recommended by the UE 104, such as via at least one of the following: via PC5-RRC signaling and / or PC5-S signaling ○Through the application layer ○ A new layer configured / dedicated for SL positioning (e.g., SL-LMF via SL-LPP signaling) o Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE). Physical layer signaling (e.g. SCI, etc.). In some cases, the parameters may be configured based on the implementation / configuration / specification of the UE 104 so that the UE 104 (e.g., the UE 104 that provides SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference in the measurement report) can perform the parameter configuration.

[0106] In some deployment configurations, when a parameter (e.g., timingReportinglowGranularityFactor) is used by the LMF and / or one or more other UEs 104 (e.g., anchor UEs) to configure or recommend k for a UE 104 (e.g., target UE), at least one of the following parameters may be applied by the UE 104: ·k>=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; ·k>timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; ·k=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; k<=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; and / or ·k <timingReportinglowGranularityFactor。

[0107] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may be configured / capable of acquiring the SL-PRS transmission pattern / configuration of at least one other UE 104 directly via an LMF over LPP, and / or via a UE-to-UE connection (e.g., physical layer signaling such as PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, application layer, a new layer dedicated to SL positioning such as SL-LMF over SL-LPP, MAC CE, and / or SCI). In some implementations, according to a particular SL communication specification, two (or more) communicating UEs 104 may be synchronized at least at the slot / subframe level (e.g., as shown in connection with FIG. 17), even if there is at least one synchronization error due to UE timing error and / or UE propagation time. In some cases, the UE 104 may know or recognize its SL-PRS transmission pattern / configuration. In this case, the slot / subframe-level Rx-Tx time difference can be inferred / determined / identified from the SL-PRS transmission slot time / slot index / timing of the target UE and / or anchor UE.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 17, an exemplary slot 1700 for communication between two UEs 104 is shown. For example, in some deployments, the UEs 104 (e.g., UE1 and / or UE2) may transmit / transmit / provide SL-PRSs at slot boundaries. As shown, a first UE may transmit SL-PRSs in slots 0 (1702), 4 (1706), 8 (1710), and / or 12 (1714), each having a four-slot cycle. Furthermore, a second UE may transmit SL-PRSs in slots 1 (1704), 6 (1708), 11 (1712), and / or 16 (not shown), each having a five-slot cycle. In this case, there may be a synchronization error between the first UE and the second UE.

[0109] 18, an example 1800 of triggering a preferred reply time is shown. In some implementations, communication of a preferred reply time for utilization by each UE 104 may occur / before / before a DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure / method / process. The information (e.g., in communication) may include, among other things, each UE's 104's preferred reply time (e.g., at least one or more potential reply times, where the reply time of one UE 104 may not be the same as that of another UE 104), a time domain location of the SL-PRS transmission (e.g., including at least one of an SFN / DFN number, a DFN / SFN slot number, and / or a slot symbol number, etc.), a range of SL-PRS MCS values, a range of the number of SL-PRS subchannels, a maximum number of SL-PRS (re)transmissions, an SL-PRS MaxTxPower, an SL-PRS CR, and the like. limit , SL-PRS periodicity, SL-PRS repetition factor, number of SL-PRS symbols in a slot, and / or SL-PRS muting pattern.

[0110] In various implementations, the exchange / communication of preferred response times between the UEs 104 may be triggered by at least one of the UEs 104 (e.g., the UEs 1804 and / or 1806) and / or the network 1802 (e.g., the BS 102 and / or the LMF). If the preferred response time exchange procedure between the UEs 104 is triggered by at least one UE (e.g., one of the UEs 1804, 1806), the triggered signaling may be PC5-S signaling, PC5-RRC signaling, SL LPP (e.g., a new layer for SL positioning, the SL-LMF), the MAC layer, and / or the physical layer (e.g., encompassed in the SL control signaling SCI), and / or may be reported / requested as assistance data (e.g.,). If the preferred response time exchange process between the UEs 104 is triggered by the LMF, the triggered signaling may be LPP or other appropriate signaling. If the BS 102 triggers the exchange between the UEs 104, the BS 102 may use at least one of the DCI and / or MAC CE to trigger the preferred reply time exchange.

[0111] In some cases, the preferred reply times of two communicating UEs 104 may be transmitted / forwarded / indicated from the network 1802 to the UEs 104. For example, if the LMF provides the information, LPP signaling may be used. If the BS 102 provides the information, RRC and / or DCI signaling may be used. In some aspects, the preferred reply times may be initially transmitted from the BS 102 to the LMF via New Radio Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) signaling. The LMF may then provide the information to at least one UE 104. The preferred reply times may be transferred along with and / or as part of the assistance data. In some implementations, once the preferred reply times are obtained / known / identified between the UEs 104, the receiving UE may be configured to turn on / activate at the appropriate time when a response is expected, thereby improving power conservation. In some cases, by knowing the preferred reply times, each UE 104 can arrange its transmission resource reservations and / or reception resource times according to the preferred reply time.

[0112] (Deployment Configuration 4: SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT Measurement Reporting Structure, Timestamps and Timing Delays) In various deployment configurations, there may be (e.g., at least two) differences between DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement reports and SS-RTT measurement reports. For example, in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, at least one UE 104 may report two or more Rx-Tx time differences and / or other measurements for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT. The two or more Rx-Tx time differences may satisfy / fulfill a certain timing relationship. In another example, in at least one SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure (e.g., UE1 and UE2 are involved in the DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure and communicate by transmitting and receiving SL-PRS), UE1 and UE2 may share the same / similar DS-RTT / MS-RTT ID. UE1 and / or UE2 may assist / assist a computation entity (e.g., UE104 and / or LMF and / or BS102 perform measurements or process information) to uniquely recognize measurement reports from different UEs 104 in at least one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. Measurement reports from one or more other UEs 104 in at least one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure may satisfy a specific timing relationship.

[0113] (SL-PRS processed sample) In some arrangements, the UE 104 (e.g., the first UE or the second UE, etc.) may report its capability regarding the minimum / maximum number of SL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples) to at least one of the LMF, the BS 102 (e.g., gNB), and / or other UEs 104 (e.g., via at least one higher layer among MAC CE, PC5-RRC, PC5-S, a new higher layer dedicated to SL positioning such as SL-LMF, and / or an application layer, etc.). The UE 104 may request (e.g., transmit a request) the number of SL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples). The measurement report may include / indicate at least a sample ID. The sample ID may be included as part of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT ID. For each of two or more Rx-Tx measurement reports of a UE 104 in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the pair or reports may share / include similar or the same sample ID.

[0114] In some cases, if various processed samples for multiple UEs 104 are the same / similar when referring to the same or one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure, the processed samples may share the same sample ID within a measurement report. In some other cases, processed samples for multiple UEs 104 (e.g., involved in the same DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure) may be and / or include different sample IDs.

[0115] For SL DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT, the measurement report may include or correspond to at least one of the following: A DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT ID shared by at least two UEs 104. There can be multiple DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements between the UEs 104. The ID can be shared by both UEs 104, and both UEs 104 can be involved in one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure / process. Sample ID. The measurement list can be at least one of the following: o The measurement list may include / contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups, where each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pair / group may consist / contain multiple measurement elements, where each measurement element may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip. o The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, each of which may consist of multiple measurement subsets, where each measurement subset may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip. o The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, where each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may consist of multiple Rx-Tx time differences and / or several other measurements (e.g., presented as additional measurements). o For measurement reports of at least one UE 104, N may represent the total / maximum number of anchor / assist / neighbor / peer UEs for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. Pair / Group ID, Measurement Subset ID, and / or other ID to uniquely identify certain (or what) measurements of at least one UE 104 are configured to be packed / grouped together for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. For example, for DS-RTT with three messages, the UE 104 includes / groups the relevant measurements. round1 and T reply2 can be reported together (e.g., grouped / paired) and / or with associated measurements. round2 and T reply1 can be reported together. o The ID can be at least 1 bit to indicate if the measurement is part of a group. The maximum number of bits of the ID may be set / predetermined / defined by the LMF and / or higher layers of the UE 104 (e.g., at least one of PC5-RRC, PC5-S, application layer, and / or SL-LMF via SL-LPP signaling, etc.). The ID may be used to indicate to which group / pair / subset the respective measurement belongs / is assigned. UE ID: A UE 104 may report its ID information of another UE 104 that it interacts / communicates with during / within the RTT procedure. · The Timing Advance (TA) offset used by the UE 104. Synchronization reference source for UE104. SL-PRS-TxTEG (e.g., SL-PRS resources associated with a specific UE Tx TEG): It may contain a timestamp to specify the end and / or start time of the SL-PRS-TxTEG element and / or the ID of this UE Tx TEG. Examples of end and / or start times can be provided in Table 2. [Table 2] SL-PRS resource information (for example, it may be an ID for uniquely identifying an SL-PRS resource associated with at least one anchor / assisting / neighbor / peer UE 104). Cell information, physical cell ID, global cell ID, and / or ARFCN. ·UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement. Additional path timing values. -Additional path list. · timestamps as described or provided herein; A timestamp shared by a measurement group / element / subset. This timestamp can be defined as a reference timestamp or the start time of a DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. Timing quality (e.g., determination / estimation by the UE 104 of the quality of the measurement). ·SL-PRS RSRP results. TEG information, such as one or more of UE RxTx TEG ID, UE Tx TEG ID, and / or UE Rx TEG ID. ·SL-PRS RSRPP. LOS / NLOS indicator. Additional measurements such as at least one of the following: ○Up to a maximum number of additional measurements. Each additional measurement may include at least one of cell information, SL-PRS resource information, additional SL-PRS RSRP, additional SL-PRS RSRPP, additional UE Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and SL-PRS resource, and / or association between TEG and measurement, etc. o The additional UE Rx-Tx time difference in the additional measurements corresponds to or can be an absolute value or result for the UE Rx-Tx time difference as described above. The additional SL-PRS RSRP can be an absolute value or a result of the SL-PRS RSRP, as described above. The additional SL-PRS RSRPP can be an absolute value or a result of the SL-PRS RSRPP, as described above.

[0116] For DS-RTT / MS-RTT, at least one UE 104 may be configured to transmit and / or receive several SL-PRS resources. For one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure, the several SL-PRS resources for transmission may be repetitions / multiples of the (e.g., same) SL-PRS repetition or may be different SL-PRS resources. In some cases, the SL-PRS resources for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure may be dependent on or subject to UE capabilities and / or the maximum number of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements corresponding to a single configured SL-PRS resource.

[0117] Examples of SL DS-RTT or MS-RTT measurement reporting structures can be provided / illustrated in connection with Figures 19-21. Figure 19 shows a flow diagram 1900 of an exemplary measurement group / pair including multiple measurements. In this case, the multiple measurements in at least one measurement group / pair can share one or more (e.g., common) parameters and / or at least one measurement group / pair can possess / include one or more dedicated parameters (e.g., different from at least one other group / pair). Figure 20 shows a flow diagram 2000 of an exemplary measurement subset including multiple measurements. In this case, the multiple measurement subsets in at least one measurement can share a common parameter and / or at least one measurement subset can possess dedicated parameters (e.g., different from at least one other subset). For example, a measurement list can include / contain N (e.g., ) DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement can include / consist of multiple measurement subsets. Each measurement subset may correspond to at least one Rx-Tx round trip. Some features of Figure 19 may be similar to or correspond to some features of Figure 20.

[0118] For example, referring to FIG. 19, a UE 104 may report measurement information (e.g., a measurement report or NR SL multi-RTT signal measurement information) to another UE 104 (1902). The measurement report may include at least a measurement list (e.g., an NR SL multi-RTT measurement list) (1904). In this case, the measurement list may include several DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups (e.g., as described in connection with the above list of measurement lists) (1906). In some cases, one or more groups / pairs of measurements may share one or more common parameters (1908). The parameters may include at least one of a timestamp, SL-PRS information, among other aforementioned parameters (1910). In some other cases, a group / pair of measurements may include dedicated / respective parameters (e.g., not shared with at least one other measurement or at least one other group) or may be itself (1912). The parameters in this case may include at least one of SL-PRS information, RxTx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG, path, additional measurements, among other aforementioned parameters (1914).

[0119] In another example, referring to FIG. 20, the UE 104 may report measurement information (2002) including at least one measurement list (2004), similar to ACT1902 and ACT1904. In this case, the measurement list may include multiple DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements (2006), each of which may include at least one measurement subset. In some cases, the measurement subset of at least one measurement in the list may include common parameters (2008). The parameters may include at least one of a timestamp, SL-PRS information, among other aforementioned parameters (2010). In some other cases, the measurement subset of at least one measurement may include or possess dedicated / respective parameters (e.g., not shared with another subset) (2012). The parameters in this case may include at least one of SL-PRS information, RxTx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG, path, and additional measurements, among other aforementioned parameters (2014).

[0120] Referring to FIG. 21 , an example flow diagram 2100 is shown using at least one additional measurement to encompass / include / provide DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. One or more of ACTSs 2102-2114 may include similar features / operations / details as described in connection with at least one of ACTSs 1902-1914 and / or 2002-2014 (e.g., in connection with FIGS. 19-20). In this case, the measurement list may include one or more additional measurements (2116). The additional measurements may include at least one of SL-PRS information, RxTx time difference, (e.g., measurement) timestamp, timing quality, TEG, and path, among others, as described herein (2118).

[0121] In various embodiments, the SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp can represent / specify / indicate the time instance at which the SL-PRS measurement is performed or the time instance at which the SL-PRS measurement is performed relative to a reference timestamp. In some cases, the timestamp can be utilized / used to indicate the time instance at which the UE 104 transmits and / or receives the SL-PRS. Similar to the SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference, the DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp can be defined, for example, at least two levels of granularity. The total timestamp can be equal to the sum of the timestamp at the higher granularity level and the timestamp at the lower granularity level.

[0122] The SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT timestamp field may contain, among other things, at least one of the following information: DFN, slot number within DFN, SFN, slot number within SFN, subframe number within frame, slot number within frame (which may be related to SCS, for example), symbol number within slot, specific / exact time position within symbol (for example, timing resolution may be nanoseconds, multiple nanoseconds, T c , multiple T c etc.), and / or the current UTC time obtained from GNSS. If the synchronization source is BS102, at least one of the following information can be added / provided in the SL SS-RTT timestamp field: ID of the TRP (e.g., which SFN is applicable to the SL-PRS transmission), physical cell ID, global cell ID, ARFCN of the TRP, and / or timestamp ID, etc.

[0123] In some implementations, there may be some certain association relationships between SL-PRS transmission configurations, timestamps, and / or UE Rx-Tx time differences for SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT. For example, the following may be considered / taken into account: The timestamp may be consistent according to the SL-PRS transmission configuration. If the SL-PRS transmission time of the UE 104 (e.g., the transmitting UE) is notified to the receiving UE, the receiving UE may infer / determine / identify the expected reception timestamp. Two or more UE Rx-Tx time differences may share at least one common timestamp. o The common timestamp can be the end timestamp for the first / previous UE Rx-Tx time difference and / or the start timestamp for the later / next UE Rx-Tx time difference. ·UE Rx-Tx time difference can be derived from multiple timestamps. The UE 104 may report, for example to at least one other network node, some timestamps and / or some Rx-Tx time differences, which may be determined / obtained based on the difference (e.g., subtraction) of two consecutive timestamps. · UE Rx-Tx time differences for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure may share at least one of the same reference timing parameters such as timestamp, timemark, SL-PRS resource, TEG, path, etc. For DS-RTT / MS-RTT (e.g., procedures / processes / operations), each UE 104 may report multiple timestamps and / or Rx-Tx time differences. Each timestamp can be tagged with an ID. One ID can be assigned for each Rx-Tx time difference. Each Rx-Tx time difference can be associated with multiple timestamps. For one DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the timestamp #x (e.g., a certain timeslot) of the first UE may be the same as the timestamp #x of the second UE, at least at the slot level. The start time and / or end time of the Rx-Tx time difference #x of the first UE may be the same as the start time and / or end time of the Rx-Tx time difference #x of the second UE, at least at the slot level. The total number of timestamps and the Rx-Tx time difference may be or may be related to what type of DS-RTT / MS-RTT UE is utilized. For example: DS-RTT with four messages: ■ Each UE 104 may report four timestamps and / or two UE Rx-Tx time differences. ■The first Rx-Tx time difference can be between the first two timestamps, and the second Rx-Tx time difference can be between the third timestamp and the fourth timestamp (e.g., the last two), or between other timestamps. DS-RTT with 3 messages and / or ADS-RTT with 3 messages: ■ Each UE 104 may report three timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences. MS-RTT: ■ Each UE 104 may report multiple / multiple timestamps and multiple Rx-Tx time differences based on the number of messages or round trips communicated between network nodes.

[0124] (Processing delay for DS-RTT / MS-RTT) In some deployment configurations, the time to complete the DS-RTT / MS-RTT positioning procedure can be shortened / minimized / controlled (e.g., DS-RTT / MS-RTT control transmission time). For example, at least one (e.g., configured / pre-configured) measurement time window can be applied. The measurement time window can be configured by the LMF via the LPP, configured via the UE-2-UE connection (e.g., physical layer signaling such as PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, application layer, new layer dedicated to SL positioning such as SL-LMF via SL-LPP, MAC CE, and / or SCI), determined / selected / decided by higher layers of the UE 104 according to the UE configuration (e.g., PC5-RRC layer, PC5-S layer, application layer, new layer dedicated to SL positioning such as SL-LMF), and / or configured according to an implementation / specification.

[0125] In some cases, a measurement time window may be used to limit the duration for at least one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. The measurement time window may represent / be defined as / correspond to the maximum duration / separation between the first and last timestamps used in at least one SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT report and / or the maximum number of sums of Rx-Tx time differences.

[0126] (SL double-sided multi-RTT error) In some implementations, if an error occurs, the UE 104 can report a description or reason for the error (e.g., an error message) to a location server (e.g., the LMF). The error can include at least one of the following, among other types of error indications: unspecified; assistance data not supported; assistance data not currently available (e.g., although it could be supported); on-demand SL-PRS not supported by the LMF; on-demand SL-PRS supported by the LMF but not currently available; missing UE assistance data; unable to measure the UE 104; missing SL-PRS configuration; unable to transmit SL-PRS; or which round trips were missed.

[0127] In some cases, if at least one latter / subsequent round trip fails but the first round trip (or at least one other round trip) is successfully achieved / performed, a fallback mechanism from MS-RTT to DS-RTT and / or from DS-RTT to SS-RTT may be configured / built / designed / provided to enable the UE 104 to report at least one of the successfully performed first and / or at least one other round trip measurements instead of just reporting an error message. The feature / mechanism (e.g., fallback mechanism) may be up to or dependent on the configuration of the LMF, and / or each UE 104 may be pre-configured with this feature.

[0128] (Configuration 5: Uu DS-RTT (e.g., BS102 Rx-Tx time difference, procedure)) In various deployment configurations, DS-RTT / MS-RTT (e.g., including DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, ADS-RTT with three messages, MS-RTT, etc.) can be introduced or used to improve NR Uu RTT-based positioning accuracy. The LMF may use NRPPa signaling to inform the BS 102 which type of DS-RTT / MS-RTT should be utilized for positioning. In some cases, the BS 102 may request the LMF (e.g., via NRPPa) regarding the type of RTT to be utilized.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 22, an example 2200 of DS-RTT between the BS 102 and the UE 104 is shown. In various embodiments, the BS 102 can communicate with the UE 104 via RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI to request the UE 104's capabilities and / or to send an RTT-based configuration to the UE 104. The UE 104 can report a preferred RTT type (e.g., as part of the UE capabilities) to the BS 102, for example, in response to a UE capability request. According to or based on the preferred RTT type, the BS 102 and the UE 104 can initiate one or more round trips. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, the BS 102 can communicate DL-PRS 1 to the UE 104 to initiate a first round trip (2202). The UE 104 can reply to the BS 102 using an SRS and / or initiate a second round trip using the SRS (2204). In response to the SRS, the BS 102 may transmit 2206 DL-PRS2 to the UE 104 as part of the second round trip, which may or may not initiate a third round trip, for example.

[0130] Control information used to direct the configuration / trigger / activation / deactivation of the round trip sequence from Tx to Rx for DS-RTT can be configured / designed. For example, the control information may be carried / included in at least one of higher layer signaling, lower layer signaling, or higher and lower layer signaling. In some cases, the control information may be carried / included in each DL-PRS and / or SRS for positioning transmission and / or used at the start of the round trip from Tx to Rx. The higher or lower signaling may be at least one of the following: o Upper layer signaling can be communicated from the LMF to the BS 102 via NRPPa. o Higher layer signaling can be communicated from the LMF to the UE 104 via LPP. o Higher layer signaling may be communicated from the BS 102 to the UE 104 via RRC. o Higher layer signaling may be communicated from a UE 104 to another UE 104 via PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, the application layer, and / or a new layer dedicated to SL positioning such as SL-LMF over SL-LPP. o Lower layer signaling may be communicated via DCI and / or MAC CE from the BS 102 to the UE 104. The UE 104 may indicate control information in the PUCCH. o When both higher and lower layer signaling are involved in configuring / triggering / activating / deactivating DS-RTT / MS-RTT, higher layer signaling can be used to coordinate DL-PRS / SRS configuration and / or corresponding configurations / capabilities to UE 104 and / or BS 102 in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, and / or lower layer signaling can be used to initiate / activate / deactivate each round trip from Tx to Rx. The content of the control information used for Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT may include at least one of the following: o First and / or second Tx to Rx round trip indicator. ■ Use multiple bits. ■ The control information may include the order of the round trips from Tx to Rx (eg, first, second, and / or third, etc. round trips). o The control information can indicate whether RTT measurements are used / configured for feedback. One ID for each DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. There may be multiple DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements between the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP. The ID can be used to distinguish at least one certain DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0131] The BS / gNB / TRP Rx-Tx time difference for Uu DS-RTT can be specified as the difference between receive timing and transmit timing. For example, the BS Rx-Tx time difference for SL DS-RTT can be specified at multiple levels of granularity (e.g., high granularity and / or low granularity). The total DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference can be determined as the sum of the high granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference and the low granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference.

[0132] (High-granularity BS Rx-Tx time difference) The high-granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference can be used to provide coarse measurement results and / or approximate / coarse propagation times (e.g., relatively coarse resolution). The resolution step of this coarse time difference may be at least one of slot, absolute time of slot, millisecond, and / or subframe, etc. The reporting range of the high-granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference may be related or associated with the total slot number (e.g., Nmax) and / or total time domain resources (e.g., Tmax ms) of the SL-PRS resource pool / configuration. At least one of the following reporting timing strategies may be considered / utilized: Fine granularity level: The reporting range of the BS Rx-Tx time difference can be specified from -0.5*Nmax to 0.5*Nmax slots in 1 slot resolution steps. High granularity level: The reporting range for BS Rx-Tx time difference can be specified as -0.5*Tmax to 0.5*Tmax ms with a resolution step of 1 ms.

[0133] (low-granularity BS Rx-Tx time difference) A low level of granularity of the BS Rx-Tx time difference can be intended / used to provide finer measurement results (e.g., relatively fine resolution). The reporting range of the finer results can be subframe (e.g., 1 ms) and / or slot (e.g., 2 -μ This finer time difference resolution step can be at least one of the following: nanoseconds, multiple nanoseconds, T c , multiple T c etc. Time unit Tc=1 / (Δf max N f ), where Δf max =480 10 3 Hz, N f = 4096. At least one of the following reporting timing strategies can be considered: Low-granularity BS Rx-Tx time difference reporting range: ns, 2 k ns, T c , 2 k *T c and so on, from -0.5 to 0.5 slots with the resolution step selected from one of: Low granularity level gNB Rx-Tx time difference reporting range: ns, 2 k ns, T c , 2 k *T c The time may be specified from -0.5 to 0.5 ms with a resolution step selected from one of:

[0134] "k" may represent a finer Rx-Tx time difference timing reporting granularity factor. The BS-UE DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference related parameters may include, among others, at least one of the following: high-granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference reporting range, high-granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference resolution step, low-granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference reporting range, low-granularity level BS Rx-Tx time difference resolution step, k value, and / or reporting strategy. The configuration of one or more parameters may include the following configurations / alternatives / options / implementations: · Configured or recommended by LMF via NRPPa. · Up to the BS implementation for configuration of one or more parameters.

[0135] In some implementations, when at least one parameter (e.g., timingReportinglowGranularityFactor) is used by the LMF to configure and / or recommend k for the BS102, at least one of the following options / configurations may be applied by the BS102: ·k>=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; ·k>timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; ·k=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; k<=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; and / or ·k <timingReportinglowGranularityFactor。

[0136] In certain aspects, communication / indication of a preferred response time to be used by the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP may be provided prior to the DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. This information may include at least one of the following: a UE's preferred response time (e.g., multiple potential response times, where the response time of one or more UEs 104 may or may not be the same as at least one other UE 104), a BS 102 / TRP's preferred response time (e.g., multiple potential response times, where the response time of one or more UEs 104 may or may not be the same as at least one other UE 104), or a BS 102 / TRP's preferred response time (e.g., multiple potential response times, where the response time of one or more UEs 104 and / or other BSs 102 may or may not be the same).

[0137] The preferred response time exchange between the UE 104 and the BS 102 may be triggered by at least one of the UE 104 and / or another network node (e.g., the BS 102 and / or the LMF). If the preferred response time exchange between the UE 104 and the BS 102 is triggered by the LMF, the triggered signaling may be at least one of an LPP and / or an NRPPa. In some cases, the BS 102 may use at least one of a DCI and / or a MAC CE to trigger the preferred response time exchange between the UE 104 and / or between the UE 104 and the BS 102.

[0138] From the BS / gNB side, the BS 102 may, for example, configure SRS resources for positioning without requesting a preferred reply time from the UE 104. The preferred reply times of the UE 104 and the BS 102 may be transmitted to the UE 104 from the network (e.g., the BS 102 and / or the LMF). LPP signaling may be used if the LMF provides the information to the UE 104. If the BS 102 provides the information to the UE 104, at least one of RRC signaling and / or DCI signaling may be used. In some implementations, the preferred reply time may be transmitted / provided (e.g., initially) from the BS 102 to the LMF via NRPPa signaling, and the LMF can then provide the information to one or more UEs 104. In some cases, the preferred reply time may be transferred along with or as part of the assistance data.

[0139] (Processed sample) In some implementations, the UE 104 may report its capabilities regarding the minimum / maximum number of DL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples) to the LMF and / or the BS 102, and / or one or more other UEs 104 may request the number of SL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples) from the UE 104 (e.g., via at least one higher layer among MAC CE, PC5-RRC, PC5-S, a new higher layer dedicated to SL positioning such as SL-LMF, and / or an application layer). In some cases, the BS 102 may report the supported number of processing samples to the LMF and / or the UE 104. The LMF may send a configuration regarding the sample number to the BS 102 via the NRPPa and / or to the UE 104 via the LPP.

[0140] In various implementations, the measurement report may indicate a sample ID. The sample ID may be included as part of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT ID. For one or more of the UE 104's Rx-Tx measurement reports in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the measurement reports may share the same sample ID with each other in some cases. For one or more of the BS 102 / TRP's Rx-Tx measurement reports in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the measurement reports may share the same sample ID with each other, for example.

[0141] If the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP (e.g., involved in the same DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure) contain or are associated with the same number of processed samples, they may share the same sample ID within a measurement report. In some other cases, the number of processed samples for the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP (e.g., involved in the same DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure) may differ, and as a result, the ID within the measurement report may differ between the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP. In various implementations, the UE 104 and / or the BS 102 may perform multiple measurements for one measurement report (e.g., to obtain multiple samples). For example, if UE 104 acquires / has three samples (e.g., sample #1, sample #2, and sample #3) for one measurement report and BS 102 acquires / has the same number of samples (e.g., sample #1, sample #2, and sample #3) for one measurement report, the sample IDs of UE 104 and BS 102 may match (e.g., UE sample #1 + BS sample #1). If UE sample #1 + BS sample #1 is selected / selected, timestamps, Rx-Tx time difference, etc. can be part of the measurement results for measurement sample #1, such as sample #1, for both UE 104 and BS 102.

[0142] In various aspects, in Uu DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT, the UE measurement report may be one of the following: DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT IDs shared by the UE 104 and / or BS 102 / TRP. In some cases, there may be multiple DS-RTT measurements between the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP, and (e.g., DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT) IDs may be shared by both the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP involved in the same DS-RTT procedure. Sample ID. Measurement list: o The measurement list may contain / contain N (e.g., N) DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pair / group may contain multiple measurement elements, where each measurement element corresponds to one Rx-Tx round trip. The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, each of which may contain multiple measurement subsets, where each measurement subset corresponds to one Rx-Tx round trip. The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, each of which may contain multiple Rx-Tx time differences and / or several other measurements, which may be presented as part of the additional measurements. o For at least one UE measurement report, N can be the total / maximum number of anchor / assist / neighbor / peer UEs for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. Pair / Group ID, Measurement Subset ID, and / or other ID to uniquely identify whether measurements of at least one UE 104 are configured to be packed / grouped together for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. o ID can be 1 bit to indicate if one or more measurements are part of a group. The maximum number of bits in the ID may be set by the LMF and / or higher layers in the UE 104 (e.g., at least one of PC5-RRC, PC5-S, application layer, and / or SL-LMF via SL-LPP signaling, among others). The ID may be used to indicate which group / pair / subset the measurement belongs to. ·TRP ID and / or BS102 / gNB information. The TA offset used by the UE 104. SRS-TxTEG. The SL-PRS resource associated with a particular UE TxTEG may contain at least one timestamp to specify the end time and / or start time of the SRSTxTEG element and / or the ID of the UE Tx TEG. DL-PRS resource information: The DL-PRS resource set ID and / or DL-PRS resource ID may be IDs for uniquely identifying DL-PRS resources associated with a single TRP. Cell information, physical cell ID, global cell ID, and / or ARFCN. The UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements include, for example, at least one of high-granularity and / or low-granularity measurements. Additional path timing values. -Additional path list. A timestamp, the description / details of which may be provided herein. A timestamp shared by a measurement group / element / subset. This timestamp can be defined or referenced as a reference timestamp and / or the start time of a DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. Timing quality, such as determination / estimation by the UE 104 of the quality of the measurement. ·DL-PRS RSRP results. TEG information, such as one or more of UE RxTx TEG ID, UE Tx TEG ID, and / or UE Rx TEG ID. ·DL-PRS RSRPP. LOS / NLOS indicator. Additional measurements: ○Up to a maximum number of additional measurements. For each additional measurement, at least one of the following may be included: cell information, DL-PRS resource information, additional DL-PRS RSRP, additional DL-PRS RSRPP, additional UE Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association of TEG with SRS resource, association of TEG with measurement, etc. The additional UE Rx-Tx time difference in the additional measurement may be an absolute value or may be a result of the previous UE Rx-Tx time difference. o The additional DL-PRS RSRP can be an absolute value or a result for the DL-PRS RSRP, as described above. o The additional DL-PRS RSRPP can be an absolute value or a resultant relative to the DL-PRS RSRPP, as described above.

[0143] With respect to Uu DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT, the measurement report of the BS102 / TRP may include, correspond to, or be at least one of the following: DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT ID shared by the UE 104 and / or BS 102 / TRP. There may be multiple DS-RTT measurements between the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP, and this (e.g., DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT) ID may be shared by both the UE 104 and the BS 102 / TRP involved in one DS-RTT procedure. Sample ID. Measurement list. o The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups, where each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pair / group may contain multiple measurement elements, where each measurement element may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip. The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, each of which may contain multiple measurement subsets, where each measurement subset may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip. o The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, each of which may contain several other measurements that can be presented in multiple Rx-Tx time differences and / or additional measurements. o For at least one BS102 / TRP measurement report, N may correspond to or refer to the total / maximum number of anchor / assist / neighbor / peer UEs for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. Pair / Group ID, Measurement Subset ID, and / or other ID to uniquely identify whether measurements of at least one UE 104 are configured to be packed / grouped together for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. o The ID can be 1 bit to indicate if one or more measurements are part of a group. o The maximum number of bits in the ID may be configured by the LMF and / or according to the BS 102 implementation / configuration. UE ID: The BS 102 can report the ID information of the UEs that it interacts with / communicates with in the RTT procedure. DL-PRS-TxTEG. The DL-PRS resources associated with a particular gNB / TRP Tx TEG may contain at least one timestamp to specify the end and / or start time of the DL-PRS-TxTEG element. The gNB / TRP Tx TEG is identifiable by its associated ID. DL-PRS resource information including at least one of the following: resource ID, and / or resource set ID, etc. SRS for positioning resource information such as at least one of a resource ID, a resource set ID, etc. Cell information, physical cell ID, global cell ID, and / or ARFCN. ·BS Rx-Tx time difference measurement. Additional path timing values. -Additional path list. The definition or explanation of the timestamp may be as described herein. A timestamp shared by a measurement group / element / subset. This timestamp can be defined as a reference timestamp and / or the start time of a DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. Timing quality, such as an estimation or determination of the quality of measurements by at least one of the network nodes (e.g., the UE 104, the BS 102, and / or the LMF). ·UL SRS RSRP results. TEG information such as one or more of the following: UE RxTx TEG ID, UE Tx TEG ID, and / or UE Rx TEG ID. ·UL SRS RSRPP. LOS / NLOS indicator, UL angle of arrival (e.g., azimuth and / or elevation). · Measurement beam information. Additional measurements. ○Up to a maximum number of additional measurements. For each additional measurement, at least one of the following may be included, among others: cell information, DL-PRS resource information, UL SRS for positioning resource information, additional SRS RSRP, additional SRS RSRPP, additional BS102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and DL-PRS resources, association between TEG and UL SRS related measurements, UL angle of arrival (e.g., azimuth and elevation), and / or beam information of the measurement. o The additional gNB / TRP Rx-Tx time difference in the additional measurements may be an absolute value and / or a resultant relative to the UE Rx-Tx time difference, as described above. o The additional SRS RSRP may be an absolute value and / or a resultant relative to the SL-PRS RSRP, as described above. The additional SRS RSRPP can be an absolute value or a result of the SL-PRS RSRPP, as described above.

[0144] Regarding the UE 104 Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp: With respect to the UE 104's Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement reporting, the timestamp can represent or indicate the time instance at which the measurement is performed. In some cases, the timestamp can indicate the time instance at which the measurement is performed relative to a reference timestamp. The timestamp can be used to indicate the time instance at which the UE 104 transmits / sends an SRS and / or receives a DL-PRS. Similar to the Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference, the DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp can be specified at two levels of granularity (e.g., a higher granularity level and / or a lower granularity level). The total timestamp can be the sum of the high-granularity level timestamp and the low-granularity level timestamp. The Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT UE timestamp field may contain at least one of the following information: DFN, slot number within DFN, SFN, slot number within SFN, subframe number within frame, slot number within frame (e.g., related to SCS), symbol number within slot, exact time position within symbol (e.g., exact timing resolution is nanoseconds, nanoseconds, T c , and / or multiple T c etc.), the current UTC time obtained from the GNSS and / or BS102, the ID of the TRP for which the SFN may be applicable for DL-PRS transmission, a physical cell ID, a global cell ID, the ARFCN of the TRP, a timestamp ID, and / or a DL-PRS ID, etc.

[0145] Regarding BS102 / TRP's Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp: For the BS102 / TRP's Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement report, the timestamp can indicate the time instance at which the measurement is performed. In some cases, the timestamp can indicate the time instance at which the measurement is performed relative to a reference timestamp. The timestamp can be used to indicate the time instance at which the BS102 / TRP transmits a DL-PRS and / or receives an SRS. The BS102 / TRP's DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp can be specified at two levels of granularity. The total timestamp can be equal to or be the sum of the high-granularity level timestamp and the low-granularity level timestamp. The Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT BS / TRP timestamp field may contain at least one of the following information: DFN, slot number within DFN, SFN, slot number within SFN, subframe number within frame, slot number within frame (e.g., related to SCS), symbol number within slot, exact time position within symbol (e.g., exact timing resolution is nanoseconds, nanoseconds, T c , multiple T c etc.), the current UTC time obtained from GNSS, the ID of the TRP, a physical cell ID, a global cell ID, the ARFCN of the TRP, a timestamp ID, and / or the measurement time.

[0146] In some implementations, there may be, for example, a certain association relationship between the DL-PRS transmission configuration, the UL SRS for positioning transmission configuration, the UE 104 timestamp, the BS 102 / TRP timestamp, the UE Rx-Tx time difference, and / or the BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference for SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT. In this case, at least one of the following may be considered: · The UE timestamp and BS102 / TRP timestamp can match with the UL SRS for DL-PRS transmission configuration and positioning transmission configuration. Multiple UE Rx-Tx time differences may share at least one common timestamp. o The common timestamp can be the end timestamp for the first / previous UE Rx-Tx time difference and / or the start timestamp for the later / next UE Rx-Tx time difference. Multiple BS102 / TRP Rx-Tx time differences may share at least one common timestamp. o The common timestamp can be an end timestamp for the first / previous BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference and / or a start timestamp for the later / next BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference. The UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference may be derived from at least two timestamps. For example, the time difference can be determined / obtained by subtracting two consecutive timestamps of the UE 104 and the BS 102. Different UE Rx-Tx time differences for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure may share at least one of the following parameters: timestamp, timemark, DL-PRS resource, SRS resource, TEG, and / or the same reference timing of the path, among others. Different BS Rx-Tx time differences for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure may share at least one of the same reference timing for parameters such as timestamp, timemark, DL-PRS resource, SRS resource, TEG, and / or path. For DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP can report multiple timestamps and Rx-Tx time differences. o One ID can be assigned / associated with each timestamp. One ID can be assigned for each Rx-Tx time difference. Each Rx-Tx time difference can be associated with multiple timestamps. For one DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the UE timestamp #x may be the same as the BS102 / TRP timestamp #x, at least at the slot level. The start time and / or end time of the UE Rx-Tx time difference #x may be the same as the start time and / or end time of the BS102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference #x, at least at the slot level. The total number of timestamps and / or Rx-Tx time differences may be related to which type of DS-RTT / MS-RTT is used. For DS-RTT with four messages: ■ The UE may report four timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences. ■ The BS 102 / TRP can report four timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences. For DS-RTT with 3 messages and / or ADS-RTT with 3 messages: ■ The UE may report three timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences. ■ The BS 102 / TRP can report three timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences. Regarding MS-RTT: ■ Each UE and / or each BS 102 / TRP can report multiple timestamps and multiple Rx-Tx time differences.

[0147] (Processing delay for DS-RTT / MS-RTT) To reduce and control the transmission time of Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT, a (e.g., configured or pre-configured) measurement time window can be applied. The measurement time window can be configured by at least one of the following: Configured by the LMF via the LPP (e.g., in the case of the UE 104) and / or the NRPPa (e.g., in the case of the BS 102). Configured by the BS 102. The BS 102 may transmit the measurement window configuration to the UE 104 via at least one of RRC, DCI, and / or MAC. In some cases, the BS 102 may send the measurement window configuration to the LMF (e.g., initially or initially) via NRPPa. The LMF may then notify / transmit the measurement window configuration to the UE 104 via LPP, If present, the measurement time window can be configured according to the UE capabilities / configuration / settings.

[0148] The measurement time window can be used to limit the duration for a DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure. The measurement time window can be defined as the maximum duration / separation between the first and last timestamps used in one SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT report, and / or the maximum number of sum of all Rx-Tx time differences for a UE, and / or the maximum number of sum of all Rx-Tx time differences for a BS 102.

[0149] (Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement error) In various deployment configurations, if an error occurs, the UE can report an error reason / explanation / description to a location server (e.g., LMF). In some cases, if an error occurs, the BS102 / TRP can report the error reason to a location server (e.g., LMF). The error can include or correspond to at least one of the following, among other types of error messages: unspecified, unsupported assistance data, assistance data supported but not currently available, on-demand DL-PRS not supported by the LMF, on-demand DL-PRS supported by the LMF but not currently available, missing UE assistance data, inability to measure UE positioning, missing UL-SRS configuration, inability to transmit UL-SRS, conflict, and / or which round trip failed.

[0150] In some implementations, if at least one round trip (e.g., the first round trip) is successfully achieved but one or more other latter round trips fail, a fallback mechanism / technique / feature from MS-RTT to DS-RTT and / or DS-RTT to SS-RTT may be applied / designed / configured to enable the UE 104 and / or the BS 102 / TRP to report at least one successful round trip measurement (e.g., the first one or more round trip measurements) rather than reporting only an error message. The fallback feature may depend on the configuration of the LMF and / or each UE 104 and / or each BS 102 / TRP.

[0151] (Hybrid Positioning (Joint SL and Uu Positioning)) 23, an example 2300 of different RTTs supported by hybrid positioning is shown. Considering full coverage and / or partial coverage scenarios, the network can be involved in SL-PRS configuration and / or assistance data transmission and / or position calculation / determination, etc. For example, hybrid multi-RTT positioning can be as follows: one or more of the UEs 104 (e.g., anchor UEs 2304A-N and / or target UE 2302) can perform SL measurements and / or Uu positioning measurements (2308A-N); one or more BSs 102 / TRPs (e.g., gNB / TRPs 2306A-N) can perform Uu positioning measurements (2310A-N); and / or UE position / ranging can be estimated / determined using one or more measurements derived / obtained in at least one or both of the SL positioning and / or Uu positioning.

[0152] In some implementations, hybrid positioning can support various types of RTT (e.g., SS-RTT and / or DS-RTT / MS-RTT). The UE may report whether it supports and / or prefers hybrid RTT positioning. The LMF may be used to schedule the UE 104 and / or the BS 102 and / or to calculate / determine the position / location of a target UE. Assistance data transmitted from the LMF to the UE 104 may include SL-PRS-related information in addition to DL-PRS-related information. The LMF may request at least one of SL positioning measurements and / or Uu positioning measurements from the UE 104. The LMF may, for example, request Uu positioning measurements from the BS 102.

[0153] 24 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 2400 for RTT-based positioning. Referring to FIG. 24, method 2400 may be performed by one or more network nodes (e.g., at least one BS 102 / TRP, at least one UE 104, and / or at least one LMF). In some arrangements, at 2402, at least one network node may determine a first measurement. At 2404, at least one network node may determine a second measurement. At 2406, at least one network node (or other network node) determines a position of at least one of the network nodes.

[0154] Still referring to FIG. 24 , in further detail, at 2402, a first network node may communicate (e.g., exchange information) with a second network node to determine a first measurement. The first network node and / or the second network node may include, correspond to, or be one of a respective UE (e.g., wireless communication device), BS (e.g., wireless communication node), TRP, LMF, or other network entity, as described herein. In this case, the first and second network nodes may correspond to respective UEs, such as a first UE (e.g., UE1) and a second UE (e.g., UE2). In some implementations, the first network node may correspond to a target UE and the second network node may correspond to one of one or more anchor UEs, or vice versa. In various arrangements, the first measurement may be determined, for example, for a first round trip (e.g., TTT) of various round trips in an RTT procedure. round1 and / or T reply1 ) may correspond to or be associated with.

[0155] At 2404, the first network node may communicate with a second network node to determine a second measurement. The second measurement may be a second round trip (e.g., in some examples, T round2 and / or T reply2 As described herein, using at least one or both of the first and second measurements, at least one network node and / or at least one network entity can determine the position / location of at least one of the network nodes (e.g., the first network node and / or the second network node). In some cases, measurement reporting can be performed for each network node. For example, the first network node may round1 and T reply2 and / or the second network node may report both T reply1 and Tround2 Both can be reported.

[0156] In various deployment configurations, a DS-RTT procedure having four messages involving two different initiators may be utilized / executed. For example, to determine a first measurement value by communicating between a first network node and a second network node, the first network node (e.g., a first UE) may send / transmit / provide / forward / signal a first message (e.g., SL-PRS1) to the second network node. In some implementations, one or more messages discussed herein may correspond to or include at least one of an SL-PRS, a DL-PRS, and / or an SRS, among others. After transmitting the first message, the first network node may receive / obtain / acquire a first response / reply (e.g., SL-PRS2) to the first message from the second network node. Furthermore, to determine a second measurement value, the first network node may receive a second message (e.g., SL-PRS3) from the network node. The first network node may then send a second response (e.g., an SL-PRS4 responsive to the second message) to the second network node, where the first message and the second message may initiate respective round trips, such as initiated by the first network node for the first round trip and by the second network node for the second round trip.

[0157] In some arrangements, a DS-RTT procedure using four messages with two identical initiators may be performed / executed. For example, to determine a first measurement, a first network node may send a first message (e.g., SL-PRS1) to a second network node. The first network node may receive a first response / reply / answer (e.g., SL-PRS2) from the second network node, such as in response to the first message. To determine a second measurement, the first network node may send a second message (e.g., SL-PRS3) to the second network node. Similarly, the first network node may receive a second response (e.g., SL-PRS4) from the second network node in response to the second message. In this case, the first message and the second message may initiate respective round trips, and the initiator is the first network node.

[0158] In one arrangement, a three-message ADS-RTT procedure may be performed. For example, to determine a first measurement, a first network node may send a first message (e.g., SL-PRS1) to a second network node, thereby initiating a first round trip. In response to the first message, the first network node may receive a first response (e.g., SL-PRS2) from the second network node. In this case, the first response may be used to initiate a second round trip. Thus, to determine a second measurement corresponding to the second round trip, the first network node may send a second message (e.g., SL-PRS3) to the second network node in response to receiving the first response, which initiated the second round trip.

[0159] In some implementations, the second message sent by the first network node may be sent at the same time (e.g., at or approximately the same time) that the first network node receives the first response from the second network node. In this case, the first network node may immediately reply to the second network node without waiting for a response message (e.g., SL-PRS2). For example, the first network node may be configured to expect or predict at least one response from at least the second network node (or other network node / entity) at a certain time. Thus, the first network node may transmit the second message at or approximately the same time that the first network node receives the response to the first message.

[0160] In some implementations, an MS-RTT procedure may be performed, which may be an extension of at least one of the DS-RTT procedures. For example, after a first network node transmits a second message in a second round trip, the first network node may receive a third message (e.g., an SL-PRS4, which may be referred to as a second response) from the second network node in response to the second message. In this case, the second message and the third message may correspond to or be part of the third round trip. Thus, the first network node and the second network node may communicate to determine a third measurement value corresponding to the third round trip. The MS-RTT procedure may include additional round trips from Tx to Rx, such as more than three round trips, as described in this case.

[0161] In various aspects, each of the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value may include at least one receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference as the time difference between the SL-PRS reception time and the SL-PRS transmission time. For example, the total Rx-Tx time difference of at least one of the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value may be determined based on the sum of a first Rx-Tx time having a higher granularity (e.g., a higher granularity level) and / or a second Rx-Tx time having a lower granularity (e.g., a lower granularity level). The higher granularity may be defined / represented / indicated by a coarser resolution step and / or a first reporting range (e.g., a reporting range at a high granularity level). The lower granularity may be defined by a finer resolution step based on a granularity factor and / or a second reporting range (e.g., a reporting range at a low granularity level). In certain implementations, the receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference can be determined based on one or more transmission characteristics (e.g., SL-PRS transmission slot time / slot index / timing, etc.) of the first network node and / or the second network node.

[0162] In some arrangements, the first network node may communicate with the second network node to provide a preferred reply time that may be applied by the first network node and / or the second network node. The preferred reply time may be applied prior to / before communication between the first network node and the second network node to determine the first measurement and / or the second measurement. The preferred reply time may indicate when the first network node and / or the second network node (among other network nodes) can expect a response / reply from each other.

[0163] In some implementations, the first network node may send a measurement report to at least one network entity (e.g., BS / gNB / TRP / radio communication node and / or LMF), etc. The measurement report may include, among other things, at least one of the following: the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value (e.g., one or more Rx-Tx time differences and / or a measurement list, etc.), an ID shared by the first network node and the second network node, a measurement timestamp (e.g., relative or non-relative to a reference timestamp) that defines / indicates at least one time instance at which the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value are determined, and / or an ID indicating at least one group / pair of related measurements (e.g., pair / group ID, measurement subset ID, and / or other ID). In some cases, when MS-RTT is applied / implemented, each network node may be configured to report multiple measurements to a network entity.

[0164] In various deployment configurations, due to processing delays for DS-RTT / MS-RTT, at least one of the first measurement (e.g., Rx-Tx time difference), the second measurement (e.g., Rx-Tx time difference), the transmission configuration (e.g., SL-PRS transmission configuration) of the signal used in determining the first measurement and / or the second measurement, and / or the measurement timestamp may be correlated with one another. In some cases, a measurement time window during which communicating to determine the first measurement and communicating to determine the second measurement are performed may be determined.

[0165] In some implementations, the first network node may receive at least one of assistance data, a capability request, and / or a measurement request from the LMF (e.g., in the case of LMF-based positioning). In some cases, the at least one of the assistance data includes / may include transmission parameters, information related to a positioning method, quality of service (QoS) requirements for the SL-PRS transmitted by the first network node; the measurement request may include a request for the first network node to provide information about the SL-PRS transmitted by the first network node (e.g., as listed in the measurement request); and / or the capability request may include at least one of a request for the first network node to provide information about whether the first network node supports multi-RTT and / or a request for the first network node to enable multi-RTT functionality.

[0166] In certain implementations, the first network node (and / or the second network node, among other network nodes) may send certain (e.g., appropriate) information to the LMF. The information sent to the LMF may include at least one of a capability report, an assistance data request, and / or a measurement report. In some cases, at least one of the following: the assistance data request may include / comprise a request for transmission parameters of the SL-PRS to be transmitted by the first network node; the measurement report may include at least one of the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value, and / or each of the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value may include at least one of a signal strength (e.g., RSRP), a one-sided RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) receive-transmit time difference, and / or an SS-RTT measurement timestamp; and / or the capability report may include, among other things, whether one-sided multi-RTT can be supported by the first network node and / or information regarding the multi-RTT capabilities of the first network node (or the second network node, etc.).

[0167] In some arrangements, a base station (e.g., BS / gNB) may transmit / send / provide at least one of assistance data and / or SL-PRS configuration data to the LMF. In some arrangements, the LMF may transmit information to the base station (e.g., may be forwardable to the BS / gNB). For example, the information may include, among other things, at least one of SL-PRS transmission characteristic information. In some cases, the first (e.g., target) network node (and / or second or other network node) may transmit a capability report to the BS, the LMF, and / or other network node. The capability report may include at least one of an indication of whether two-sided multi-RTT and / or multi-sided multi-RTT is supported and / or an indication of the type of multi-RTT supported. The supported multi-RTT types may include at least one of DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, ADS-RTT with three messages, and / or MS-RTT with multi-sided RTT. For example, a first network node (e.g., a target UE) may communicate with one or more other network nodes (e.g., multiple anchor UEs). Each target UE pair and anchor UE pair (e.g., first and second network nodes) may perform one RTT procedure, such as one-sided, two-sided, or multi-sided, which describes the number of round trip times / iterations. Thus, one-sided, two-sided, and / or multi-sided may correspond to one-sided multi-RTT, two-sided multi-RTT, and / or multi-sided multi-RTT, respectively.

[0168] In various aspects, the first network node may receive control information (e.g., from the second network node or another network node). The control information may include at least one of: a configuration for determining at least one of the first round trip and / or the second round trip; a trigger for determining at least one of the first round trip and / or the second round trip; activating at least one of determining the first round trip and / or the second round trip; and / or deactivating at least one of determining the first round trip and / or the second round trip. In some cases, the control information may include at least one of: an instruction for determining at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement; whether the first measurement and / or the second measurement are needed / requested / configured for feedback; and / or an ID of at least one or both of the first measurement and / or the second measurement. For example, each network node may report the first measurement and / or the second measurement, among other measurements, for one DS-RTT procedure. In this case, the first and second measurements may share the same ID. In some other cases, the first and second measurements may be associated with different IDs.

[0169] At 2406, a first location of the first network node and / or a second location of the second network node may be determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement. In some cases, the locations may be determined based on measurements (e.g., including at least one or both of the first measurement and the second measurement, among other measurements) between the first network node (e.g., target UE) and one or more other network nodes (e.g., one or more anchor UEs).

[0170] In some arrangements, a network node (e.g., a first and / or second network node) may transmit / send the first measurement and / or the second measurement to an LMF (e.g., LMF-based positioning). The LMF can determine a first location of the first network node and / or a second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement, according to the configuration / implementation of the LMF, etc. In some implementations, at least one of the first network node and / or the second network node can determine the first location of the first network node and / or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement.

[0171] In certain implementations, the first network node can be a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE), and the second network node can be a base station (e.g., a network entity). In this case, the first network node can receive control information. The control information can include at least one of a configuration for determining an order / sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip, a trigger for determining the order of the first round trip and the second round trip, activating the order of the first round trip and the second round trip, and / or deactivating the order of the first round trip and the second round trip.

[0172] In some cases, the first network node may be a wireless communication device and the second network node may be a base station. In this case, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of an instruction for determining the first measurement value or an instruction of an order for determining the second measurement value, whether the first measurement value or the second measurement value is required for feedback, and / or an ID for a procedure for determining at least one of the first measurement value or the second measurement value.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first network node can be a wireless communication device, and the second network node can be a base station. Each of the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value can include or be associated with a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference as the time difference between a signal reception time and a signal transmission time. In this case, a total receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference can be determined (e.g., by the first network node and / or the second network node) for each of the first measurement value and / or the second measurement value based on, for example, the sum of a first receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time having higher granularity and a second receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time having lower granularity.

[0174] In various deployment configurations, a hybrid positioning procedure (e.g., joint SL and Uu positioning) can be deployed / performed / utilized. In this case, the first network node can communicate with a third network node to determine a third measurement. For example, the first network node (e.g., target UE) can communicate with both the second network node (e.g., at least one of the anchor UEs) and the third network node (e.g., BS) to determine the first, second, and third measurements. The third measurement can correspond to the third round trip. In some cases, the first network node can communicate with the third network node to determine a fourth measurement corresponding to the fourth round trip. The first network node can communicate with other network nodes to determine any additional measurements corresponding to the respective round trips. The first location of the first network node can be determined at least in part based on the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, and / or the fourth measurement (which can include additional measurements, e.g., estimated / determined based on several anchors or several BSs / TRPs).

[0175] In various aspects described herein, a network entity (e.g., at least one of a BS / gNB / TRP, an LMF, etc.) may determine first measurements corresponding to a first round trip of communication between a first network node (e.g., a first UE / wireless communication device or UE1) and a second network node (e.g., a second UE / wireless communication device or UE2). The network entity may determine second measurements corresponding to a second round trip of communication between the first network node and the second network node. The network entity may determine a first location of the first network node and / or a second location of the second network node based at least in part on the first measurements and the second measurements. In various deployment configurations, the network entity may be or may refer to an LMF, a BS, or a UE (e.g., UE1 or UE2). The determination of certain information (e.g., measurements and / or location) may refer to or correspond to the reception of such information, for example, if the network entity is one of an LMF, a BS, or a different UE (e.g., UE2 different from UE1, or UE1 different from UE2). In some cases, if the network entity is UE1 or UE2, the determination may correspond to or refer to, for example, the calculation / computation of the aforementioned information.

[0176] While various arrangements of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Similarly, various diagrams may depict example architectures or configurations provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand example features and functionality of the present solution. However, as such skilled in the art will appreciate, the solution is not limited to the example architectures or configurations shown, but may be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Furthermore, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, one or more features of some arrangements may be combined with one or more features of other arrangements described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the example arrangements described above.

[0177] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first," "second," etc., does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations may be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements can be used or that the first element must in any way precede the second element.

[0178] Additionally, those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols that may be referred to in the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0179] Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods, and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., digital implementations, analog implementations, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of programs or design code incorporating instructions (which may be referred to herein as "software" or "software modules" for convenience), or any combination of these technologies. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, and such implementation decisions do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0180] Furthermore, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the various example logic blocks, modules, devices, components, and circuits described herein may be implemented in or executed by integrated circuits (ICs), which may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logic blocks, modules, and circuits may further include an antenna and / or transceiver for communicating with various components within a network or device. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration for performing the functions described herein.

[0181] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that can enable a computer program or code to be transferred from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.

[0182] As used herein, the term "module" refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Furthermore, for purposes of explanation, various modules are described as individual modules. However, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs associated functions according to the implementation of the present solution.

[0183] Additionally, memory or other storage devices, as well as communication components, may be used in the implementation of the solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity, the above description has described the arrangement of the solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements, or domains may be used without detracting from the solution. For example, functions shown to be performed by separate processing logic elements or controllers may be performed by the same processing logic element or controller. Accordingly, references to specific functional units do not indicate a strict logical or physical structure or organization, but merely to suitable means for providing the described functionality.

[0184] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, the wireless communication method comprising: communicating, by a first network node, with a second network node to determine a first measurement, the first measurement corresponding to a first round trip; communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip; Including, A method of wireless communication, wherein a first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node is determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first measurement and the second measurement are transmitted to a Location Management Function (LMF), and the LMF determines the first location of the first network node or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

3. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first network node or the second network node determines the first location of the first network node or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurements or the second measurements.

4. receiving, by the first network node, at least one of assistance data, a capability request, or a measurement result request from a Location Management Function (LMF); the assistance data includes transmission parameters, information on a positioning method, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for a Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL-PRS) to be transmitted by the first network node; the measurement result request comprises a request for the first network node to provide information related to SL-PRS transmitted by the first network node; or the capability request includes at least one of a request for the first network node to provide information regarding whether multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, or a request for the first network node to enable multi-RTT functionality.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of

5. sending, by the first network node, at least one of a capability report, an assistance data request, or a measurement report to a Location Management Function (LMF); the assistance data request includes a request for transmission parameters of a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) to be transmitted by the first network node; the measurement report includes at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement, each of the first measurement or the second measurement including at least one of signal strength, single-sided RTT (SS-RTT) receive-to-transmit time difference, or SS-RTT measurement timestamp; or the capability report includes information on whether one-sided multi-RTT is supported by the first network node or the multi-RTT function of the first network node; 10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of

6. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base station transmits at least one of assistance data or sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) configuration data to the Location Management Function (LMF).

7. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a Location Management Function (LMF) transmits at least one of Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL-PRS) transmission characteristic information to the base station.

8. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, by the first network node, a capability report including at least one of an indication of whether two-sided multi-RTT or multi-sided multi-RTT is supported, or an indication of the type of multi-RTT supported.

9. and receiving, by the first network node, control information, the control information comprising: a configuration for determining at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; a trigger for determining at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; activating at least one of determining the first round trip or determining the second round trip; or Deactivating at least one of determining the first round trip or determining the second round trip. The method of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

10. and receiving, by the first network node, control information, the control information comprising: instructions for at least one of determining the first measurement or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; or an identifier (ID) for both the first measurement and the second measurement; The method of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

11. communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the first measurement value; sending, by the first network node, a first message to the second network node; receiving, by the first network node, a first response to the first message from the second network node; Including, communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the second measurement value; receiving, by the first network node, a second message from the second network node; sending, by the first network node to the second network node, a second response to the second message; The method of claim 1 , comprising:

12. communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the first measurement value; sending, by the first network node, a first message to the second network node; receiving, by the first network node, a first response to the first message from the second network node; Including, communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the second measurement value; sending, by the first network node, a second message to the second network node; receiving, by the first network node, a second response to the second message from the second network node; The method of claim 1 , comprising:

13. communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the first measurement value; sending, by the first network node, a first message to the second network node; receiving, by the first network node, a first response to the first message from the second network node; Including, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating with the second network node to determine the second measurement value, by the first network node, comprises sending, by the first network node, a second message to the second network node in response to receiving the first response.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second message is sent once the first response is received by the first network node.

15. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving, by the first network node, from the second network node a third message in response to the second message, the second message and the third message corresponding to a third round trip.

16. each of the first measurement or the second measurement comprises a reception-transmission time difference as the time difference between a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) reception time and a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) transmission time; 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a total receive-transmit time difference for each of the first measurement value or the second measurement value based on a sum of a first receive-transmit time having higher granularity and a second receive-transmit time having lower granularity.

17. the higher granularity being defined by a coarser resolution step and a first reporting range; 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the lower granularity is defined by a finer resolution step based on a granularity factor and a second reporting range.

18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a receive-to-transmit time difference based on transmission characteristics of the first network node and the second network node.

19. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: communicating, by the first network node to the second network node, a preferred reply time to be applied by the first network node and the second network node prior to communicating to determine the first measurement value and the second measurement value.

20. and transmitting, by the first network node, a measurement report, the measurement report comprising: the first measurement and the second measurement; an identifier (ID) shared by the first network node and the second network node; a measurement timestamp defining the time at which the first measurement or the second measurement is determined; and An ID indicating a group of related measurements The method of claim 1 , comprising:

21. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first measurement, the second measurement, a transmission configuration of signals used in determining the first measurement and the second measurement, and the measurement timestamp are related to one another.

22. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a measurement time window, wherein the communicating to determine the first measurement value and the communicating to determine the second measurement value are performed within the measurement time window.

23. the first network node is a wireless communication device and the second network node is a base station; The method further comprises receiving, by the first network node, control information, the control information comprising: a configuration for determining the order of the first round trip and the second round trip; a trigger for determining the order of the first round trip and the second round trip; activating the sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip; or deactivating the sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip; The method of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

24. the first network node is a wireless communication device and the second network node is a base station; The method further comprises receiving, by the first network node, control information, the control information comprising: an instruction for the order for determining the first measurement or for determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; or an identification (ID) for the procedure for determining at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement; The method of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

25. the first network node is a wireless communication device and the second network node is a base station; each of the first measurement or the second measurement comprises a receive-transmit time difference as the time difference between a signal receive time and a signal transmit time; 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a total receive-transmit time difference for each of the first measurement value or the second measurement value based on a sum of a first receive-transmit time having higher granularity and a second receive-transmit time having lower granularity.

26. communicating, by the first network node, with a third network node to determine a third measurement, the third measurement corresponding to a third round trip; communicating, by the first network node, with the third network node to determine a fourth measurement corresponding to a fourth round trip; further comprising 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first location of the first network node is determined at least in part based on the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, and the fourth measurement.

27. 10. A wireless communication device comprising at least one processor and a memory, the at least one processor configured to read code from the memory and to perform the method of claim 1.

28. 10. A computer program product comprising computer-readable program medium code stored thereon, said code, when executed by at least one processor, causing said at least one processor to perform the method of claim 1.

29. A wireless communication method, the wireless communication method comprising: determining, by a network entity, a first measurement corresponding to a first round trip of communication between a first network node and a second network node; determining, by the network entity, second measurements corresponding to a second round trip of communication between the first network node and the second network node; determining, by the network entity, a first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement; A wireless communication method comprising:

30. 30. A wireless communications device comprising at least one processor and a memory, the at least one processor configured to read code from the memory and to implement the method of claim 29.

31. 30. A computer program product comprising computer readable program medium code stored thereon, said code, when executed by at least one processor, causing said at least one processor to perform the method of claim 29.

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