Systems and methods for applying coating materials to webs

Abstract

A method for forming a coating material can include heating a coating material to a temperature within an operating window and moving the coating material through a heated hose to a slot die having a die outlet, the method further including outputting the coating material from the slot die through the die outlet and conveying the web of material through the die outlet of the slot die to apply the coating material from the die outlet along at least a portion of a surface of the web of material as the web of material moves past the die outlet.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 392,520, filed July 27, 2022.

[0002] [Incorporated by reference] The disclosure of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 392,520, filed July 27, 2022, is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if set forth in its entirety herein.

[0003] [Background of disclosure] The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for producing coating materials (such as for producing packaging materials) that may include a fibrous substrate (e.g., paperboard or other suitable material) and a coating or film formed on the substrate. In embodiments, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for applying a coating material to a web of material, where the coating material comprises a polymer (e.g., a biodegradable polymer) having a narrow thermal processing window.

[0004] In some embodiments, a coated web can be formed by applying a coating material (e.g., a polymer) directly to a web of material (e.g., without the use of adhesives, heat-seal layers, etc.), heating the coating material to a temperature within the operating window (e.g., melting the coating material), and applying the coating material to the surface of the web of material such as a curtain. Maintaining a stable curtain can be difficult for materials with a narrow thermal processing window, and an unstable or inconsistent curtain of coating material can leave uneven coating layers and / or uncoated portions of the web. For example, if the operating temperature of the coating material is too high, the material can degrade and the curtain can lose stability, and / or higher temperatures can reduce the viscosity of the material and destroy the curtain. If the operating temperature of the coating material is too low, adhesion between the coating material and the substrate can be reduced. Furthermore, the coating material can lose heat as it falls into the curtain, which can lead to reduced adhesion between the coating material and the web. For example, a chill roll may be required for extrusion curtain coating applications, and biodegradable resins can have problems lapping at the nip of the chill roll.

[0005] [Disclosure Summary] In general, one aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for forming a coating material, the method including heating the coating material to a temperature within an operating window and transferring the coating material through a heated hose to a slot die having a die outlet. The method further includes outputting the coating material from the slot die through the die outlet and conveying the web of material to apply the coating material from the die outlet along at least a portion of a surface of the web of material as the web of material passes through the die outlet.

[0006] In another aspect, the present disclosure generally relates to a system for forming a coating material that can include a heating station for heating the coating material to a temperature within an operating window, a slot die having a die outlet for outputting the coating material from the slot die, a heated hose in fluid communication with the heating station and the slot die for moving the coating material from the heating station to the slot die, and a conveyor positioned relative to the die outlet of the slot die for transporting a web of material past the die outlet.

[0007] Those skilled in the art will appreciate the above advantages and other benefits and advantages of various additional embodiments after reading the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the below-listed drawings.

[0008] According to common practice, the various features of the drawings described below are not necessarily drawn to scale. Dimensions of various features and elements in the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the disclosed embodiments. The drawings are schematic and illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a system for forming a coating material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] 2 is a diagram of various parts of the system of FIG. 1; [Figure 2B] 2 is a diagram of various parts of the system of FIG. 1; [Figure 2C] 2 is a diagram of various parts of the system of FIG. 1; [Figure 2D] 2 is a diagram of various parts of the system of FIG. 1; [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a slot die of the system of FIG. 1. [Figure 4A] 4 illustrates the slot die of FIG. 3 applying a coating material to a web of material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4B] 4 illustrates the slot die of FIG. 3 applying a coating material to a web of material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a portion of an alternative system for forming a coating material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6A] 1 is an exemplary flowchart of processes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6B] 1 is an exemplary flowchart of processes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6C] 1 is an exemplary flowchart of processes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6D] 1 is an exemplary flowchart of processes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] Corresponding parts are indicated by corresponding reference numerals throughout the drawings.

[0011] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below and illustrated in the accompanying figures, where like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views. The described embodiments provide examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Other embodiments, as well as modifications and improvements to the described embodiments, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and all such other embodiments, modifications and improvements are within the scope of the present invention.

[0012] One aspect of the present disclosure is the provision of systems and methods for providing a coated web of material. In embodiments, the coated web of material can be or can be further formed into a packaging material, where the packaging material can be formed into a tray, carton, and / or another suitable container or structure for holding and / or packaging one or more items (e.g., for storage, heating, transport, and / or use). In one embodiment, the web of material or substrate can be a paperboard web or other suitable paper-based material or other suitable fiber-based material or other suitable material, and the coating material can be a material with a narrow thermal operating window (e.g., a thermoplastic polymer) and / or a biodegradable polymer or other suitable material. In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate can be Ahlstrom-Munksjo 40# NK paper. In an exemplary embodiment, the coating material can be polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). In embodiments, the coating material can include poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), thermoplastic starch, PHA, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, blending polymers to form the coating material can help improve the processing characteristics of the coating material, but there can be trade-offs. For example, adding PLA to PHA can have better processing characteristics than PHA alone. However, PLA can reduce the degradability of the coating material in a marine environment. In some embodiments, the coating material can be a PHA with 15% CaCO3 and an adhesion promoter, a PHA with 15% CaCO3, a PHA with PLA, or a PHA alone.

[0013] In embodiments, materials can have a desired operating window where the material can be melted and have a desired viscosity (e.g., to move the material through a conduit, die, etc., and / or achieve adhesion to a surface, and / or achieve a coating thickness on a substrate). In an exemplary embodiment, a material such as PHA can have an operating window of about 25°C, for example, from a melting temperature of about 175°C to a temperature of about 200°C, above which the material may experience problems such as peroxidation, curtain instability (e.g., in curtain coating processes), and increased adhesion to chill rolls (e.g., resin degradation). Materials such as coating-grade low-density polyethylene or other suitable materials that do not have a narrow operating window can have a wider operating window, such as about 210-220°C (e.g., from a melting temperature of about 105-113°C to a processing temperature of about 310-335°C, where the resin begins to experience problems such as peroxidation), but may lack other desirable properties (e.g., degradability in certain environments).

[0014] As shown in the simplified schematic diagram of FIG. 1 , system 100 can include a heating station 102 connected to (e.g., in fluid communication with) a coating station 104 by a heated hose 106. In the illustrated embodiment, heating station 102 (see FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B ) can include a heating device such as a screw extruder 108 that can heat a coating material to a predetermined temperature within its operating temperature window (e.g., to melt the coating material to achieve a desired viscosity) and move the coating material to coating station 104 via heated hose 106. In an embodiment, extruder 108 can have multiple heating zones (e.g., three heating zones such as first heating zone 108 a, second heating zone 108 b, and third heating zone 108 c, or any suitable number of heating zones) that gradually increase the temperature of the coating material as it is moved from an upstream end 109 a in communication with a hopper through the extruder to an output end 109 b by a screw (e.g., each zone after the first zone can have a higher temperature than the previous zone). In an exemplary embodiment, the extruder 108 can have a 1.25 inch diameter screw with a length to diameter ratio of 24:1, or can have any suitable dimensions. For example, the extruder 108 can be a Killion KL-125 Extruder available from Davis-Standard of Pawcatuck, Connecticut. In an alternative embodiment, the extruder 108 can be replaced by a melt tank 208 (shown schematically in FIG. 5 ) connected to a heated hose 106. For example, a Nordson VersaBlue 25-L hot melt tank available from Nordson EDI of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin can be used. Other features of the screw extruder 108 and / or heating station 102 can be otherwise shaped, arranged, positioned, and / or configured without departing from the disclosure.

[0015] As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the heated hose 106 can be connected to the output end 109b of the extruder 108 by a connector assembly 140 (FIGS. 1-2B). For example, the upstream end 106a of the heated hose 106 can be secured to an adapter 142 (e.g., via a threaded connection, a snap-fit connection, or other suitable connection), which can be attached to the output end 109b of the extruder 108 by a clamp ring 144. In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter 142 can be heated by an adapter heater 146, an electric heater, and / or any suitable heater, such as a heat exchanger (e.g., moving the working fluid through a heat exchanger that extends at least partially around the adapter 142). Additionally, the clamp ring 144 can include a heater (e.g., an electric heater, a heat exchanger, etc.) for heating the clamp ring 144 during operation. In an embodiment, the heated hose 106 can include a heater that extends at least partially around the hose along at least a portion of the hose's length (e.g., around substantially the entire circumference of the hose and along substantially the entire length of the hose). In exemplary embodiments, the hose heater may be a heat exchanger, an electric heater, and / or any other suitable heater. In embodiments, the heated hose 106, the adapter 142 and adapter heater 146, the clamp ring 144, and / or other portions of the system 100 may be surrounded by insulating material. The heated hose 106 and / or the connector assembly 140 may be otherwise shaped, arranged, positioned, and / or configured without departing from the disclosure.

[0016] As shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D , the coating station 104 can include a hot melt slot die 110 connected to the downstream end 106b of the heated hose 106 and a roller 112 disposed adjacent to the slot die 110. In an embodiment, the downstream end 106b of the heated hose 106 can be connected to the slot die 110 by a threaded connection, a snap-fit connection, and / or other suitable connector. In one example, the slot die can be a Nordson 400 mm UltraCoat V-Die with a rotating rod assembly available from Nordson EDI of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. As shown schematically in FIG. 1 , the slot die 110 can include one or more internal passages 114 (e.g., narrow slots between the top and bottom of the slot die) that communicate with the heated hose 106 and a die exit 116. In an embodiment, the die exit 116 can include a rotating rod 118 of a rotating rod assembly 120 ( FIGS. 1 and 3-4B ). 1, the slot die 110 may be heated using a fluid pumped through heat transfer passages 160 extending within the die, and / or using, for example, electrical heaters, cartridge heaters, and / or other suitable features. The slot die 110 may be otherwise shaped, arranged, positioned, and / or configured without departing from the disclosure.

[0017] As shown in FIGS. 1 , 2C , 2D , 4A , and 4B , the rollers 112 can guide the web of material W as the surface S of the web W passes through the die exit 116, such that the surface S of the web W moves generally upward as the web W passes through the die exit 116. For example, the rollers 112 can be part of a conveyor for the web W. In an exemplary embodiment, the web W can be a substrate, such as a paper-based substrate, that is coated with a coating material. In the illustrated embodiment, the rollers 112 can be positioned so that the web W at least partially contacts the rotating rod 118 as the web W moves along the outer surface 122 of the rollers 112. In an embodiment, the rollers 112 and other transport mechanisms for the web of material W can have a working width of 19.7 inches (500 mm) and a line speed of 1 to 200 feet per minute (1 to 60 m / min). The rollers 112 and / or the web conveyor generally can be shaped, arranged, positioned, and / or configured in other ways without departing from the disclosure.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 3 , the rotating rod assembly 120 can include a motor 124 and a gearbox or gear reducer 126 attached to the end of the rotating rod 118 to rotate the rotating rod. In the illustrated embodiment, the gearbox 126 and motor 124 can be attached to the body of the slot die 110 to maintain precise alignment of the rotating rod. In an embodiment, the rotating rod 118 can be supported along the die exit 116 by rotating rod inserts 119 a, 119 b attached to the slot die 110 along the die exit 116 (e.g., above and below the rotating rod 118). In an exemplary embodiment, each of the rod inserts 119 a, 119 b can include a coating for wear resistance between the rotating rod 118 and the insert 119 a, 119 b, and / or the rotating rod 118 can be supported on one or more bearings, bushings, and / or other suitable features. The rotating rod assembly 120 can be shaped, arranged, positioned, and / or configured in other ways without departing from the disclosure.

[0019] In embodiments, the rotating rod 118 can be rotated (e.g., in the opposite direction to that in which the rollers 112 are rotated) so that the coating material moves along the surface of the rotating rod 118 as it is forced through the die exit 116. The coating material moves over the rotating rod 118 while being rotated until it contacts the surface S of the web W, where it can be transferred onto the surface S to form a coated web W' ( FIGS. 4A and 4B ), which can include a substrate or base layer B (e.g., uncoated web W) and a coating C (e.g., a coating material applied to the base layer B). In embodiments, the coating thickness can be adjusted by modifying the ratio of the line speed to the delivery rate of the slot die 110, and / or the coating thickness can be maintained when the line speed is increased by increasing the delivery rate to maintain the ratio. For example, factors that can be adjusted to affect the thickness of coating C include the screw speed of extruder 108 (e.g., the speed at which the coating material moves through hose 106 and slot die 110), the rotational speed of rotating rod 118 (e.g., the relative speeds of rollers 112), the temperature of extruder 108, connector assembly 140, hose 106, and / or slot die 110, etc.

[0020] 2D and 4A, the coated web W′ can move from roller 112 of coating station 104 to a drying unit 130 (e.g., a Coatema 120 inch two-zone dryer with a maximum drying temperature of 455°F (approximately 235°C), infrared heaters, and a UV curing unit available from Coatema® Coating Machinery GmbH of Dormagen, Germany). Thereafter, the coated web W′ can be further processed (e.g., cooled and / or further formed into packaging materials and / or packaging configurations) and / or prepared for storage and / or transportation (e.g., rewound into rolls).

[0021] In embodiments, the system 100 and method can apply a continuous, uniform, non-porous, thermoplastic, biodegradable polymer coating to a web via a hot melt slot die. For example, the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer coating can be applied via a contact wiping method of molten material passed directly to the web through a hot melt slot die. The system 100 and method can be configured in other ways without departing from the disclosure.

[0022] For example, in another embodiment of the disclosure, shown schematically in FIG. 5 , system 200 can be similar to system 100 of the previous embodiment. As shown schematically in FIG. 5 , system 200 can include an alternative heating station 202 in which the heating device is a hot melt tank 208 equipped with a pump 250. In an embodiment, melt tank 208 can heat and melt the coating material to an operating temperature. Pump 250 can be in fluid communication with the melt tank and can be connected to heated hose 106 by connector assembly 140 and / or another connector. In an embodiment, pump 250 can be operated to move coating material from melt tank 208 through heated hose 106 and slot die 110 to web W. Melt tank 208 and / or pump 250 can be configured in other manners without departing from the disclosure.

[0023] 6A , a method 301 of operating the system of the illustrated embodiment of the disclosure may include step 303 of heating a coating material to a temperature within an operating window, step 305 of moving the coating material through a heated hose 106 to a slot die 110, and step 307 of moving the coating material through the slot die 110 to a die exit 116. Step 309 of method 301 may include moving a web W through the die exit 116 of the slot die 110, and step 311 may include applying the coating material moving through the die exit 116 along at least a portion of a surface S of the web W as the web W moves through the die exit 116.

[0024] 6B , method 401 may include step 403 of operating screw extruder 108 to heat the coating material to a temperature within an operating window, step 405 of moving the coating material from output end 109b of screw extruder 108 via heated hose 106 to slot die 110, and step 407 of moving the coating material through slot die 110 to die outlet 116 using rotating rod 118 mounted along die outlet 116. Step 409 of method 401 may include moving web W of substrate material B on roller 112 positioned adjacent die outlet 116 of slot die 110 such that a surface of web W moves between roller 112 and rotating rod 118, and step 411 may include operating rotating rod 118 to apply the coating material moving through die outlet 116 along at least a portion of surface S of web W as web W moves through die outlet 116.

[0025] 6C , method 501 may include step 503 of operating melt tank 208 to heat coating material to a temperature within an operating window, step 505 of moving coating material from the output of melt tank 208 to slot die 110 via heated hose 106, and step 507 of moving coating material through slot die 110 to die exit 116 using a rotating rod 118 mounted along die exit 116. Step 509 of method 501 may include moving web W of substrate material B on roller 112 positioned adjacent die exit 116 of slot die 110 such that a surface of web W moves between roller 112 and rotating rod 118. Step 511 may include operating rotating rod 118 to apply coating material moving through die exit 116 along at least a portion of surface S of web W as web W moves through die exit 116.

[0026] 6D , a method 601 of operating the system of the disclosed exemplary embodiment may include step 603 of heating a coating material to a temperature within an operating window, step 605 of moving the coating material via heated hose 106 to a slot die 110 having a die exit 116, and step 607 of outputting the coating material from the slot die 110 through the die exit 116. Step 609 of method 601 may include conveying a web of material W through the die exit 116 of the slot die 110 to apply the coating material from the die exit 116 along at least a portion of a surface S of the web of material W as the web of material W moves past the die exit 116.

[0027] In a first example, PHA (e.g., DAN-03571 available from Danimer Scientific of Bainbridge, GA) can be a coating material processed in a first embodiment of the system 100. In this first example, the system 100 can have an extruder 108 with a screw speed of 520 RPM and a melt profile in which the extruder 108 is heated to 350°F (approximately 177°C) in its first zone 108a, 370°F (approximately 188°C) in its second zone 108b, and 390°F (approximately 199°C) in its third zone 108c. The clamp ring 144 is heated to 390°F (approximately 199°C). The adapter 146 is heated to 380°F (approximately 193°C). The heated hose 106 and the slot die 110 are each heated to 185°C (approximately 365°F). In a first example, the line speed (e.g., the speed at which the web W moves past the die exit 116) is 16 m / min. The coated web W' produced in this first example was 0.5 mil thick and had a coating that measured about 11 pm (about 0.43 mil) in gauge.

[0028] In a second example, PHA with PLA (e.g., DAN-03901 available from Danimer Scientific of Bainbridge, GA) can be the coating material processed with the second example system 200. In this second example, the system 200 can have a melt profile in which the pot temperature of the melt tank 208 is set to 200°C (approximately 392°F), the heated hose 106 is heated to 190°C (approximately 374°F), and the slot die 110 is heated to 185°C (approximately 365°F). In the second example, the pump speed was calibrated relative to the line speed. When the line speed was set to 5 m / min and the pump 250 was set to 3.7 rev / min, Coating C had a gauge thickness of approximately 25 pm (approximately 1 mil). Increasing the line speed to 8 m / min with the same pump speed resulted in a coating thickness of approximately 6 pm to 12 pm (approximately 0.24 mil to 0.47 mil). However, it should be noted that slowing the rotation of the rotating rod 118 improved coating uniformity with the system 200 set at these speeds. When the line speed was set at 15 m / min and the pump 250 was set at 6.5 rev / min, Coating C had a gauge thickness of about 11 pm (about 0.43 mil). Similarly, when the line speed was set at 20 m / min and the pump 250 was set at 8.8 rev / min, Coating C had a gauge thickness of about 11 pm (about 0.43 mil).

[0029] The foregoing description of the disclosure illustrates and describes various exemplary embodiments. Various additions, modifications, alterations, etc., can be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. All matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings is intended to be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting. Moreover, while the disclosure shows and describes only selected embodiments of the disclosure, the disclosure can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be changed or modified within the scope of the inventive concepts presented herein, consistent with the above teachings, and / or within the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. Furthermore, specific features and characteristics of each embodiment can be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and unillustrated embodiments of the disclosure.

Claims

1. 1. A method for forming a coating material, comprising: heating the coating material to a temperature within an operating window; transferring the coating material through a heated hose to a slot die having a die exit; outputting the coating material from the slot die through the die outlet; passing a web of material through the die outlet of the slot die to apply the coating material from the die outlet along at least a portion of a surface of the web of material as the web of material passes through the die outlet.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising heating the heated hose to maintain the temperature of the coating material in the heated hose within the operating window.

3. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the operating window for the temperature of the coating material is about 10°C.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein heating the heated hose comprises heating the heated hose to a temperature of about 185° C. to about 190° C.

5. the heated hose is attached to a heating device via a connector assembly; heating the coating material includes activating the heating device to heat the coating material; The method of claim 2 , further comprising heating at least a portion of the connector assembly to maintain a temperature of the coating material within the connector assembly within the operating window.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising heating the slot die to maintain the temperature of the coating material in the slot die within the operating window.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising heating the slot die to maintain the temperature of the coating material in the slot die within the operating window.

8. a rotating rod extending along the die outlet; 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising rotating the rotating rod while outputting the coating material such that the coating material moves along the rotating rod as it passes through the die exit.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein conveying the web of material further comprises moving the web of material over a roller positioned relative to the die outlet such that the web of material contacts the roller and the rotating rod as the web of material passes through the die outlet.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the coating material further comprises heating the coating material in a screw extruder.

11. heating the coating material in the screw extruder includes heating at least a portion of the screw extruder to about 200°C; 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising heating the heated hose to about 185°C.

12. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising heating the slot die to about 185°C.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the coating material further comprises heating the coating material in a hot melt tank.

14. heating the coating material in the hot melt tank includes operating the melt tank to achieve a pot temperature of about 200°C; 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising heating the heated hose to about 175°C.

15. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising heating the slot die to about 185°C.

16. 1. A system for forming a coating material, comprising: a heating station for heating the coating material to a temperature within an operating window; a slot die including a die outlet for outputting the coating material; a heated hose in fluid communication with the heating station and the slot die for transferring the coating material from the heating station to the slot die; a conveyor positioned relative to the die outlet of the slot die to convey a web of material through the die outlet; A system comprising:

17. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the heated hose is heated with a hose heater for maintaining the temperature of the coating material in the heated hose within the operating window.

18. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the operating window for the temperature of the coating material is about 10 degrees Celsius.

19. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the heating station includes a heating device attached to the heated hose via a connector assembly, the heating device operable to heat the coating material, and at least a portion of the connector assembly is heated to maintain the coating material within the connector assembly at a temperature within the operating window.

20. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the slot die includes a heating mechanism for maintaining the coating material within the slot die at a temperature within the operating window.

21. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the slot die includes a heating mechanism for maintaining the coating material within the slot die at a temperature within the operating window.

22. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a rotating rod extends along the die outlet, the rotating rod configured to rotate along the die outlet such that the coating material moves along the rotating rod as it passes through the die outlet.

23. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the conveyor comprises rollers, the web of material extending along the surfaces of the rollers, and the rollers are positioned relative to the die exit such that the web of material contacts the rollers and the rotating rod as the web of material passes through the die exit.

24. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the heating station comprises a screw extruder for heating the coating material and moving the coating material through the heated hose and the slot die.

25. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein at least a portion of the screw extruder is configured to be heated to about 200°C and the heated hose is configured to be heated to about 185°C.

26. The system of claim 16 , wherein the heating station comprises a hot melt tank configured to heat the coating material.

27. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the hot melt tank is operable to achieve a pot temperature of approximately 200°C and the heated hose is configured to be heated to approximately 175°C.

Images