Antenna assemblies, signal transmission equipment, and vehicles

Abstract

The present application relates to an antenna assembly, a signal transmission device, and a vehicle. The present application relates to a communication device technology field, specifically to an antenna assembly, a signal transmission device, and a vehicle. The present application aims to solve the problem of weak signal strength of the antenna assembly. According to the antenna assembly, the signal transmission device, and the vehicle provided in the embodiment, a first antenna element is disposed on a surface of a second dielectric layer away from the first dielectric layer, a second antenna element is disposed between an intermediate dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer, and a third antenna element is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. During operation, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element all transmit signals to the outside, thereby improving the signal transmission strength of the antenna assembly and improving the communication quality of the antenna assembly.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication device technology, and more particularly to antenna assemblies, signal transmission equipment, and vehicles. [Background technology]

[0002] With the gradual development of automobile manufacturing technology, shark fin structures are placed on the top of automobiles, with the shark fins located on the outside of the top of the automobiles, and antenna assemblies are placed within the shark fin structures, allowing communication with external devices to be performed through the antenna assemblies. However, the signal strength of the antenna assemblies is weak, and communication quality may be affected. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna assembly, a signal transmitting device, and a vehicle for solving the problem of weak signal strength of the antenna assembly.

[0004] According to one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna assembly, the antenna assembly including a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, and an intermediate dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer being laminated together, and the intermediate dielectric layer being located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

[0005] The antenna assembly further includes a first antenna element, a second antenna element, and a third antenna element, wherein the first antenna element is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer away from the first dielectric layer, the second antenna element is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer, and the third antenna element is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

[0006] According to the antenna assembly provided in this embodiment, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element all transmit signals to the outside, thereby improving the signal transmission strength of the antenna assembly and improving the communication quality of the antenna assembly.

[0007] In some embodiments, which may include the aforementioned embodiments, the antenna assembly further includes a reflecting element located on a side of the second dielectric layer away from the first dielectric layer, and the reflecting element configured to reflect signals transmitted by the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element to the reflecting element.

[0008] In this arrangement, the signal can be reflected by the reflecting element and then transmitted toward the first dielectric layer away from the reflecting element, resulting in a hemispherical radiation pattern of the antenna assembly. Compared to a spherical radiation pattern of the antenna assembly, the signal transmitted to the reflecting element is reflected toward the first dielectric layer away from the reflecting element, improving the signal strength on the first dielectric layer side away from the reflecting element and improving communication quality. Furthermore, signal loss can be reduced, improving the efficiency of the antenna assembly.

[0009] In some embodiments, including those described above, the projection of the reflecting element on the intermediate dielectric layer covers all of the projections of the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element. In this arrangement, all of the signals generated by the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element and transmitted to the reflecting element are reflected by the reflecting element, thereby avoiding signal loss due to a portion of the signal not being reflected by the reflecting element.

[0010] In some embodiments, including those described above, the projection of the reflective element on the intermediate dielectric layer covers a projection of a portion of the first antenna element, a projection of a portion of the second antenna element, and a projection of a portion of the third antenna element. In this arrangement, the reflective element can reflect a specific signal (e.g., a signal of a specific frequency) generated by the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element, thereby increasing the signal strength of the specific signal.

[0011] In some embodiments, including those described above, there is a first distance between the reflecting element and the first antenna element, the first distance being appropriately set to improve the reflecting effect of the reflecting element on the signal.

[0012] In some embodiments, including those described above, the first distance is 0.05 to 1 times the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the first, second, and third antenna elements. For example, the first distance may be 0.1 to 0.5 times the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the first, second, and third antenna elements. For example, the first distance may be 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 times the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the first, second, and third antenna elements. This arrangement can improve the reflective effect of the reflecting element on the signals transmitted by the first, second, and third antenna elements.

[0013] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, a dielectric layer is disposed between the first antenna element and the reflecting element.

[0014] In some embodiments, which may include the embodiments described above, the reflective element comprises a reflector, and the reflection of the signal is performed by the reflector, thus simplifying the structure and making it easy to manufacture.

[0015] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, a guide structure is disposed on the reflecting element, and the guide structure is configured to reflect the signal in the first direction, which can improve the signal strength in the first direction and further improve communication quality.

[0016] In some embodiments, including those described above, the guide structure includes a guide protrusion and / or a guide groove provided on the reflecting element. In this arrangement, the guide protrusion and / or the guide groove are provided on the reflecting element, so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after reflection. In this way, the structure is simplified and easy to manufacture.

[0017] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the guide structure includes a first guide structure and a second guide structure, the first guide structure and the second guide structure being spaced apart from the reflecting element, which can reflect more of the signal in the first direction and further improve the signal strength in the first direction.

[0018] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the guide structure and the reflective element are a unitary structure.

[0019] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the guide structure is connected to the reflective element.

[0020] In some embodiments, which may include the above-described embodiments, a through hole is provided in the reflecting element, in which the reflecting element forms a slot antenna, and the first antenna element can couple signals to the slot antenna, so that the slot antenna, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element can all transmit signals to the outside to improve signal strength and further improve communication quality.

[0021] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the antenna assembly further includes a feed line, the feed line electrically connected to the first antenna element.

[0022] In some embodiments, including those described above, the first antenna element is configured to couple signals to the second antenna element and the third antenna element, and the first antenna element wirelessly powers the second antenna element and the third antenna element. This arrangement can reduce the number of wires and the complexity of the wiring layout of the antenna assembly, and can further reduce the weight of the antenna assembly, resulting in a lighter antenna assembly.

[0023] According to one aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna assembly including an antenna element and a reflecting element, wherein the reflecting element and the antenna element are spaced apart, and the reflecting element is configured to reflect a signal transmitted by the antenna element back to the reflecting element.

[0024] In this arrangement, the signal radiation pattern generated by the antenna element is concentrated on the side of the antenna element away from the reflecting element, and the radiation pattern is hemispherical, which improves signal strength on the side of the antenna element away from the reflecting element and improves communication quality. Furthermore, signal loss caused by transmitting signals to locations in non-communication areas such as the ground can be avoided, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna assembly.

[0025] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the projection of the reflecting element covers a portion of the antenna element in the plane in which the antenna element is located. In this arrangement, a portion of the signal transmitted by the antenna element is reflected by the reflecting element, thereby causing a particular signal (e.g., a signal at a particular frequency) to be reflected by the reflecting element and enhancing the signal strength of the particular signal.

[0026] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the projection of the reflecting element covers all of the antenna elements in the plane in which they are located, with this arrangement all signals generated by the antenna elements and transmitted to the reflecting element are reflected by the reflecting element, avoiding signal loss that occurs when part of the signal is not reflected by the reflecting element.

[0027] In some embodiments, including those described above, there is a first distance between the reflecting element and the antenna element, the first distance being appropriately set to improve the reflecting effect of the reflecting element on the signal.

[0028] In some embodiments, including those described above, the first distance is 0.05 to 1 times the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna element. For example, the first distance may be 0.1 to 0.5 times the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly. For example, the first distance may be 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 times the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly. This arrangement may improve the reflective effect of the reflecting element on the signal transmitted by the antenna element.

[0029] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, a dielectric layer is disposed between the antenna element and the reflecting element.

[0030] In some embodiments, which may include the above-mentioned embodiments, the reflecting element comprises a reflector, and the reflector and the antenna element are spaced apart, and the signal is reflected on the reflector, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating manufacturing.

[0031] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, a guide structure is disposed on the reflecting element, and the guide structure is configured to reflect the signal in the first direction, which increases the signal strength in the first direction and further improves communication quality.

[0032] In some embodiments, including those described above, the guide structure includes a guide protrusion and / or a guide groove provided on the reflecting element. In this arrangement, the guide protrusion and / or the guide groove are provided on the reflecting element, so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the guide structure. In this way, the structure is simplified and easy to manufacture.

[0033] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the guide structure includes a first guide structure and a second guide structure, the first guide structure and the second guide structure being spaced apart from the reflective element, which can reflect more of the signal in the first direction, further improving the signal strength in the first direction.

[0034] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the guide structure and the reflective element are a unitary structure.

[0035] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the guide structure is connected to the reflective element.

[0036] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, a through hole is provided in the reflecting element, and in this arrangement, the reflecting element forms a slot antenna, in which the first antenna element can couple signals to the slot antenna, so that the slot antenna, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element can all transmit signals to the outside to improve signal strength and further improve communication quality.

[0037] In some embodiments, which may include the aforementioned embodiments, the antenna assembly includes a first dielectric layer, the antenna element includes a first antenna element, the first antenna element is disposed on the first dielectric layer, and the reflecting element and the first dielectric layer are spaced apart.

[0038] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna assembly further includes a second dielectric layer and an intermediate dielectric layer; the second dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer are laminated together, the second dielectric layer being positioned facing the reflective element; The intermediate dielectric layer is located between the first and second dielectric layers, and the first antenna element is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer that is away from the first dielectric layer, thereby preventing external objects from contacting the first antenna element and protecting the first antenna element.

[0039] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna element further includes a second antenna element, the second antenna element being disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer, such that the second antenna element and the first antenna element simultaneously receive and transmit signals, improving the strength of the signals transmitted by the antenna assembly and improving communication quality.

[0040] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna element further includes a third antenna element, the third antenna element being disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, such that the third antenna element and the first antenna element simultaneously receive and transmit signals, improving the strength of the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly and improving communication quality.

[0041] According to another aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a vehicle including the antenna assembly described above.

[0042] In some embodiments, including those described above, the vehicle includes a vehicle body, and a reflecting element is included on the upper portion of the vehicle body. In this manner, the reflecting element reflects the signal generated by the antenna element and transmitted to the driver's seat and passenger cabin to the upper portion of the vehicle body, thereby improving the signal strength at the upper portion of the vehicle body and improving communication quality. Furthermore, when the reflecting element reflects the signal to the upper portion of the vehicle body, signal loss due to signal transmission to the vehicle body and the ground can be avoided compared to when the reflecting element is not provided, and the efficiency of the antenna assembly can be further improved.

[0043] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the reflective element and the vehicle body may be of one piece construction. Correspondingly, the reflective element and the vehicle body may be manufactured in the same factory and formed at the same time.

[0044] In some embodiments, which may include those described above, the reflective element may alternatively be connected to the vehicle body by welding, bolting, riveting, etc. Correspondingly, the reflective element and the vehicle body may be manufactured in separate factories, with the reflective element attached to the vehicle body after manufacturing.

[0045] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, both of which are positioned at a front longitudinal end of the vehicle body, which can improve signal strength at the front longitudinal end of the vehicle body.

[0046] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, both of which are positioned at a rear longitudinal end of the vehicle body, which can improve signal strength at the rear longitudinal end of the vehicle body.

[0047] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, the first antenna assembly being disposed at a front longitudinal end of the vehicle body and the second antenna assembly being disposed at a rear longitudinal end of the vehicle body, such that the front and rear longitudinal ends of the vehicle body each have a particular signal strength.

[0048] In some embodiments, including those described above, the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, where the first antenna assembly is disposed at one horizontal end of the vehicle body and the second antenna assembly is disposed at the other horizontal end of the vehicle body, such that the two horizontal ends of the vehicle body each have a particular signal strength.

[0049] According to one aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a signal transmission device including the antenna assembly described above. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0050] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2] 1 is a diagram of a vehicle structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3] 1 is a top view 1 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 3 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] FIG. 5 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 6 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10] 1 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 12] FIG. 3 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13] FIG. 4 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14] FIG. 5 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 15] FIG. 6 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 16] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 17] FIG. 8 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 18] FIG. 9 is a diagram of a structure of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 19] FIG. 8 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20] FIG. 9 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] FIG. 11 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 23] FIG. 12 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 24] FIG. 13 is a diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 25] FIG. 14 is a diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26] FIG. 15 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 27] FIG. 2 is a connection diagram between a vehicle body and a reflective element according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 28] 2 is a top view 2 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 29] 3 is a top view 3 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 30] 4 is a top view 4 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 31] 5 is a top view 5 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 32] 6 is a top view 6 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 33] 7 is a top view 7 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 34] 8 is a top view of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 35] 9 is a top view 9 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 36] 1 is a top view 10 of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 37] 1 is a top view 11 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 38] 1 is a top view 12 of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 39] 13 is a top view of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 40] 1 is a top view 14 of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 41] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the standing wave ratio of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 42] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the efficiency of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 43] 1 is a diagram of an antenna assembly orientation according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Explanation of reference symbols: 10: antenna assembly, 101: first dielectric layer, 102: second dielectric layer, 103: intermediate dielectric layer, 104: first antenna element, 105: second antenna element, 106: third antenna element, 107: feed line, 110: reflecting element, 111: reflecting plate, 112: guide structure, 113: guide protrusion, 114: guide groove, 115: through hole, 116: dielectric layer, 1004: first horizontal monopole antenna, 1014: second horizontal monopole antenna, 1024 : third horizontal monopole antenna, 1034: first planar loop antenna, 1044: second planar loop antenna, 1041: first branch, 1042: second branch, 1043: conductive loop, 10431: gap, 1045: conductive branch, 1046: conductive line, 1047: conductive substrate, 1048: conductive plate, 1049: dielectric plate, 1051: first conductor, 1052: second conductor, 1053: third conductor, 1056: metal plate, 1055: slot, 20: vehicle body, 201: sunroof, 202: front shield window, 203: rear shield window, 204: front vehicle door, 205: rear vehicle door, 206: vehicle window, 207: quarter window, 30: first antenna assembly, 40: second antenna assembly, 50: third antenna assembly, 60: fourth antenna assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] The following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part, not all, of the embodiments of the present application.

[0053] The terms "first," "second," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features.

[0054] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "horizontal," and "vertical" are defined relative to the orientation and position of components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts and are used for relative description and clarity, and may change accordingly based on changes in the orientation and position of components in the accompanying drawings.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and may be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] 1 , one embodiment of the present application provides an antenna assembly 10. The antenna assembly 10 can be used in devices such as vehicles, airplanes, ships, or mobile phones, and can achieve communication with external devices via the antenna assembly 10. The application scenario of the antenna assembly 10 is not limited to the embodiment.

[0058] The antenna assembly 10 includes a first dielectric layer 101 and a second dielectric layer 102 that are laminated together, and an intermediate dielectric layer 103 that is laminated between the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102. In other words, the first dielectric layer 101, the intermediate dielectric layer 103, and the second dielectric layer 102 are laminated together in order to form a plate-like structure. It will be understood that the plate-like structure may be flat. Indeed, the plate-like structure may alternatively be bent or folded into a particular shape.

[0059] The antenna assembly 10 further includes a first antenna element 104, a second antenna element 105, and a third antenna element 106. The first antenna element 104 is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer 102 that is away from the first dielectric layer 101, the second antenna element 105 is disposed between the first dielectric layer 101 and the intermediate dielectric layer 103, and the third dielectric layer is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer 103 and the second dielectric layer 102. The first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can all transmit signals to the outside and all can receive signals from the outside.

[0060] In some embodiments, the antenna assembly 10 may include a feed line. The feed line is electrically connected to the first antenna element 104 and feeds power to the first antenna element 104 via the feed line. The first antenna element 104 may be configured to couple signals to the second antenna element 105 and the third antenna element 106. That is, the first antenna element 104 feeds power to the second antenna element 105 and the third antenna element 106 in a wireless manner. This arrangement can reduce the number of wires and the complexity of the wiring layout of the antenna assembly 10, and can also reduce the weight of the antenna assembly 10, thereby achieving a lightweight antenna assembly 10.

[0061] In another embodiment, the antenna assembly 10 may include three feed lines, where the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are each electrically connected to one feed line, i.e., the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are fed via different feed lines.

[0062] It will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 can all allow signals to pass through, so that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 do not block signal transmission and signal loss can be avoided.

[0063] In embodiments in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in a vehicle, the vehicle may be an electric vehicle or a gasoline-powered vehicle, but is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 2 , the vehicle includes a vehicle body 20, a driver's seat and a passenger cabin enclosed by the vehicle body 20, a driver in the driver's seat, and passengers in the passenger cabin, and the vehicle body 20 is configured to carry the driver and passengers.

[0064] In embodiments, the antenna assembly 10 may be used in different locations on the vehicle, which can be illustrated in the following scenarios.

[0065] Scenario 1

[0066] 2, a sunroof 201 is provided on the upper part of the vehicle body 20, and a plate-like body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 shown in FIG. 1 can cover and seal the sunroof 201. In this case, it can be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 must each have a certain light transmittance, so that external light can enter the driver's seat and passenger cabin after passing through the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103, thereby improving the lighting effect of the passenger cabin.

[0067] Based on the above-described arrangement, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located on the top of the vehicle body 20. After the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 generate signals, the signals are transmitted directly to the top of the vehicle body 20, which prevents the signals from being blocked by other structures of the vehicle body 20, reduces signal loss, and improves the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10.

[0068] For example, the second dielectric layer 102 may be located near the driver's seat of the vehicle, which can prevent the first antenna element 104 from being exposed to the external environment and can also prevent the first antenna element 104 from being damaged.

[0069] Scenario 2

[0070] 2, a front shield window 202 is provided at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction in FIG. 2), and a plate-like body including a first dielectric layer 101, a second dielectric layer 102, and an intermediate dielectric layer 103 covers the front shield window 202 and can seal the front shield window 202. In this case, it will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 must each have a specific light transmittance so that the driver can observe the road surface ahead of the vehicle through the front shield window 202 and use this information to help drive the vehicle. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction, thereby improving signal strength at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction.

[0071] Scenario 3

[0072] As shown in FIG. 3 , a rear shield window 203 is provided at the longitudinal rear end of the vehicle body 20, and the plate-like body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 shown in FIG. 1 can cover and seal the rear shield window 203. In this case, it will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 each need to have a specific light transmittance, so that light can enter the passenger cabin through the rear shield window 203. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located at the longitudinal rear end of the vehicle body 20, thereby improving the signal strength at the longitudinal rear end of the vehicle body 20.

[0073] Scenario 4

[0074] 2, the vehicle body 20 is provided with a front vehicle door 204 and a rear vehicle door 205, and each of the front vehicle door 204 and the rear vehicle door 205 is provided with a vehicle window 206. Correspondingly, the plate-like body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 shown in FIG. 1 can cover the vehicle window 206 and seal the vehicle window 206. It will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 each need to have a certain light transmittance so that light can enter the driver's seat and passenger cabin through the vehicle window 206. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located at one horizontal end of the vehicle body 20, thereby improving the signal strength at one horizontal end of the vehicle body 20.

[0075] Scenario 5

[0076] 2, the vehicle body 20 is provided with a front vehicle door 204 and a rear vehicle door 205, and a quarter window 207 is provided behind the rear vehicle door 205. Correspondingly, a plate-like body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 shown in FIG. 1 can cover the quarter window 207 and seal the quarter window 207. In this case, it will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 must each have a specific light transmittance, so that light can enter the driver's seat and passenger cabin through the quarter window 207. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can transmit signals to the outside at the position of the quarter window.

[0077] In the above scenario, the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102 may both be glass layers, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may be a connecting adhesive layer that is bonded to the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102 to realize a connection between the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102. Indeed, the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may each be a plastic layer, etc. The materials of the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 are not limited to the embodiment.

[0078] In the aforementioned scenario, the plate-shaped body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 can cover the front shield window 202, the sunroof 201, and the rear shield window 203 of the vehicle body 20 (as shown in FIG. 3 ). In this case, the plate-shaped body forms a canopy structure, thereby enlarging the area of ​​the sunroof 201 and increasing the amount of light inside the driver's seat and passenger cabin. Correspondingly, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the front shield window 202, or the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the sunroof 201, or the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the rear shield window 203. Indeed, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may alternatively be positioned at positions corresponding to two or three of the front shield window 202, the sunroof 201, and the rear shield window 203.

[0079] In an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used on a watercraft or aircraft, the plate including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may cover a window of the watercraft or aircraft. Of course, the plate including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may alternatively be located in other positions. This is not a limiting example of an embodiment.

[0080] In an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in an electronic device such as a mobile phone or tablet computer, a display panel is disposed in the electronic device, and the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may be film layers within the display panel. In this manner, the display panel can transmit signals to the outside and also receive signals from the outside.

[0081] 1 , in the antenna assembly 10 provided in this embodiment, the first antenna element 104 is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer 102 that is away from the first dielectric layer 101, the second antenna element 105 is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer 103 and the first dielectric layer 101, and the third antenna element 106 is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer 103 and the second dielectric layer 102. During operation, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 all transmit signals to the outside, thereby improving the signal transmission strength of the antenna assembly 10 and the communication quality of the antenna assembly 10.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 4 , the antenna assembly 10 of this embodiment further includes a reflecting element 110. The reflecting element 110 is located on the second dielectric layer 102 side away from the first dielectric layer 101, and is configured to reflect signals transmitted by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 to the reflecting element 110. In this arrangement, the signals can be transmitted toward the first dielectric layer 101 away from the reflecting element 110 after reflecting off the reflecting element 110, resulting in a hemispherical radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 10. Compared to the spherical radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 10, the signals transmitted to the reflecting element 110 are reflected toward the first dielectric layer 101 side away from the reflecting element 110, improving the signal strength on the first dielectric layer 101 side away from the reflecting element 110 and improving communication quality.

[0083] It will be appreciated that when the antenna assembly 10 is properly positioned, the first dielectric layer 101 can be positioned to face the communication area, thereby transmitting all signals to the communication area and preventing some of the signals from being transmitted to non-communication areas (e.g., the ground), thereby reducing signal loss and improving the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10.

[0084] 2, the reflecting element 110 may be disposed on the side of the second dielectric layer 102 that is closer to the driver's seat and passenger cabin (inner side). In this case, the reflecting element 110 can reflect signals transmitted to the driver's seat and passenger cabin by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 to the space above the vehicle body 20 (communication area), thereby preventing the signals transmitted to the driver's seat and passenger cabin from being blocked by the vehicle body 20 and the ground and improving the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10.

[0085] In some embodiments, in the projection onto the intermediate dielectric layer 103, the projection of the reflecting element 110 covers all of the projections of the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106. In other words, in the projection onto the intermediate dielectric layer 103, all of the projections of the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located within the projection of the reflecting element 110. With this arrangement, all of the signals generated by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 that are transmitted to the reflecting element 110 are reflected by the reflecting element 110, thereby avoiding signal loss that occurs when some of the signals are not reflected by the reflecting element 110.

[0086] In another embodiment, in a projection on the intermediate dielectric layer 103, the projection of the reflecting element 110 covers a projection of a portion of the first antenna element 104, a projection of a portion of the second antenna element 105, and a projection of a portion of the third antenna element 106. In other words, a projection of a portion of the first antenna element 104, a projection of a portion of the second antenna element 105, and a projection of a portion of the third antenna element 106 are located within the projection of the reflecting element 110. In this arrangement, the reflecting element 110 can reflect a specific signal (e.g., a signal having a specific frequency) generated by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106, thereby increasing the signal strength of the specific signal.

[0087] In the above embodiment, there is a first distance L between the reflecting element 110 and the first antenna element 104, and the first distance L is the distance over which a signal is transmitted from the first antenna element 104 to the reflecting element 110. The first distance L is appropriately set to improve the reflection effect of the reflecting element 110 on the signal.

[0088] For example, the first distance L may be 0.05 to 1 times the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106. For example, the first distance L may be 0.1 to 0.5 times the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106. For example, the first distance L may be 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 times the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106. This arrangement can improve the reflection effect of the reflecting element 110 on the signals transmitted by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106.

[0089] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , a dielectric layer 116 is disposed between the reflecting element 110 and the first antenna element 104. The dielectric layer 116 may fill the space between the reflecting element 110 and the first antenna element 104, or the dielectric layer 116 may be located only in a portion of the area between the first antenna element 104 and the reflecting element 110. The dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 116 is appropriately set so that the reflecting element 110 can always reflect the signal of the first antenna element 104, even if the first distance between the reflecting element 110 and the first antenna element 104 is different. This improves the flexibility of the first distance between the reflecting element 110 and the first antenna element 104. For example, the material of the dielectric layer 116 may be plastic, rubber, or ceramic.

[0090] 4, in this embodiment, the reflective element 110 may include a reflector 111, and the reflector 111 and the second dielectric layer 102 are spaced apart. The reflector 111 may be parallel to the plane on which the second dielectric layer 102 is located, or there may be a certain angle between the reflector 111 and the plane on which the second dielectric layer 102 is located. Signal reflection is performed on the reflector 111. In this way, the structure is simplified and the manufacturing is easy.

[0091] In another embodiment, the reflective element 110 can include a reflector having a groove formed therein, and the signal can be reflected off the groove walls of the groove and transmitted to a side of the first dielectric layer 101 away from the reflective element 110.

[0092] In an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in a vehicle, the reflective element 110 may be located on the side of the second dielectric layer 102 that faces the interior of the vehicle. In other words, the first dielectric layer 101 is exposed to the outside of the vehicle body 20 shown in FIG. 2 , the second dielectric layer 102 is positioned to face the interior of the vehicle body 20, and the reflective element 110 is located inside the second dielectric layer 102. This arrangement prevents other external objects from getting between the reflective element 110 and the second dielectric layer 102 and affecting signal reflection.

[0093] 6, in the above-described embodiment, a guide structure 112 is disposed on the reflecting element 110, and the guide structure 112 is configured to reflect the signal toward a first direction. This arrangement can improve the signal strength in the first direction and further improve the communication quality.

[0094] It will be understood that the first direction can be appropriately set based on actual communication requirements. For example, in an embodiment in which the antenna assembly is disposed on the vehicle body 20 shown in FIG. 2 , the first direction may be a forward direction in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20 (opposite to the direction Y), or the first direction may be a direction forward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20 and inclined upward (opposite to the direction Y and inclined toward the direction Z). Indeed, the first direction may alternatively be a rearward direction in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20 (the Y direction), or the first direction may be a direction rearward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20 and inclined upward (the Y direction, inclined relative to the Z direction). Indeed, the first direction may alternatively be another direction, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0095] 6 and 7, the guide structure 112 may include a guide protrusion 113 and / or a guide groove 114 provided on the reflective element 110. In this arrangement, the guide protrusion 113 and / or the guide groove 114 are provided on the reflective element 110, and the signal is transmitted in a first direction after being reflected. In this way, the structure is simplified and the manufacturing is easy.

[0096] As shown in FIG. 6 , in an embodiment where the guide structure 112 includes a guide protrusion 113 disposed on the reflecting element 110, the guide protrusion 113 is disposed on a surface of the reflecting element 110 facing the first antenna element 104. The guide protrusion 113 has a reflecting surface close to the first antenna element 104. The reflecting surface may be a curved surface. Correspondingly, the curvature of the reflecting surface is appropriately set so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the reflecting surface. Indeed, the reflecting surface may alternatively be an inclined surface inclined with respect to the second dielectric layer 102. Correspondingly, the angle between the inclined surface and the second dielectric layer 102 is appropriately set so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the reflecting surface.

[0097] 7 , in an embodiment in which the guide structure 112 includes a guide groove 114 disposed on the reflecting element 110, the guide groove 114 is disposed on a surface of the reflecting element 110 facing the first antenna element 104. The groove wall of the guide groove 114 may be a curved surface. Correspondingly, the curvature of the groove wall is appropriately set so that the signal can be transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the groove wall. Indeed, the groove wall of the guide groove 114 may alternatively be an inclined surface inclined with respect to the second dielectric layer 102. Correspondingly, the angle between the groove wall and the second dielectric layer 102 is appropriately set so that the signal can be transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the groove wall of the guide groove 114.

[0098] In an embodiment in which the guide structure 112 includes a guide protrusion 113 and a guide groove 114 provided on the reflective element 110, the structure of the guide protrusion 113 and the guide groove 114 may be substantially the same as that of the previous embodiment, and the details will not be described again here.

[0099] 8 , in this embodiment, the guide structure 112 includes a first guide structure 1121 and a second guide structure 1122. The first guide structure 1121 and the second guide structure 1122 are spaced apart on the reflecting element 110. This arrangement allows more signals to be reflected toward the first direction, further improving the signal strength in the first direction. It should be understood that the number of guide structures 112 is not limited to two, and the number of guide structures 112 may be three, four, etc. The multiple guide structures 112 may be arranged in an array on the reflecting element 110, or the multiple guide structures 112 may be arranged irregularly on the reflecting element 110.

[0100] In the aforementioned embodiment, the guide structure 112 and the reflecting element 110 may be a unitary structure, i.e., the guide structure 112 and the reflecting element 110 are integrated using a process such as stamping or molding, thereby reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the antenna assembly 10. Indeed, the guide structure 112 may alternatively be connected to the reflecting element 110 by methods such as welding, riveting, bolting, or clamping. Correspondingly, the reflecting element 110 and the guide structure 112 may be manufactured separately, and then the guide structure 112 is attached to the reflecting element 110.

[0101] 9, in some embodiments, the reflecting element 110 is provided with a through-hole 115, so that the reflecting element 110 forms a slot antenna. In this case, the first antenna element 104 can couple signals into the slot antenna, so that the slot antenna, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can all transmit signals to the outside, which improves the signal strength and further improves the communication quality.

[0102] It will be understood that the shape of the hole wall of the through hole 115 is appropriately set so that the signals transmitted to the reflecting element 110 by the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are reflected by the hole wall of the through hole 115 and the reflected signals are transmitted in the first direction, thereby improving the signal strength in the first direction.

[0103] 4, in this embodiment, in an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in a vehicle, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 shown in FIG. 2 may be of a unitary structure. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be manufactured in the same factory and formed simultaneously. Alternatively, the reflective element 110 may be connected to the vehicle body 20 by methods such as welding, bolting, or riveting. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be manufactured in different factories, with the reflective element 110 being attached to the vehicle body 20 after manufacturing.

[0104] In this embodiment, the antenna assembly 10 can communicate with a communication base station. The antenna assembly 10 can also communicate with a positioning system (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) or a Beidou positioning system) to perform positioning and navigation. Indeed, the antenna assembly 10 can also receive frequency modulated broadcast signals to listen to broadcast programs. The antenna assembly 10 in this embodiment can also communicate with another external device, although the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0105] It will be appreciated that the frequency of the antenna assembly 10 may cover the communication frequency band of a cellular antenna (CELL antenna) to meet requirements for calls, Internet access, positioning, etc. The frequency of the antenna assembly 10 may be 0.69 GHz to 6 GHz, thereby providing the antenna assembly 10 with a wide bandwidth. For example, when the frequency of the antenna assembly 10 is 0.7 GHz to 1 GHz, it can meet low-frequency communication requirements, such as 2G network communication requirements; when the frequency of the antenna assembly 10 is 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz, it can meet 3G and 4G network communication requirements and also requirements for communication with positioning systems; and when the frequency of the antenna assembly 10 is 3.2 GHz to 6 GHz, it can meet high-frequency communication requirements, such as 5G network communication requirements.

[0106] In this embodiment, the first antenna element 104 may have multiple structures as long as it can transmit and receive signals. The following describes each of the multiple structures of the first antenna element 104.

[0107] Structure 1

[0108] 10, the first antenna element 104 may be a horizontal dipole antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 may include a first branch 1041 and a second branch 1042 arranged opposite to each other, the first branch 1041 and the second branch 1042 extending in opposite directions, the feeder line 107 may include a coaxial cable, the core wire of the coaxial cable being connected to one end of the first branch 1041 that is closer to the second branch 1042, and the shield layer of the coaxial cable being connected to one end of the second branch 1042 that is closer to the first branch 1041.

[0109] Structure 2

[0110] 11, the first antenna element 104 may be a planar loop antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 may include a conductive loop 1043, with a gap 10431 provided in the conductive loop 1043, the gap 10431 separating the conductive loop 1043. The feed line may include a coaxial cable. The conductive loop 1043 on one side of the gap 10431 is connected to a core wire of the coaxial cable, and the conductive loop 1043 on the other side of the gap 10431 is connected to a shield layer of the coaxial cable.

[0111] Structure 3

[0112] 12, the first antenna element 104 may be a horizontal monopole antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 may include a conductive branch 1045, one end of which is connected to the feed line 107.

[0113] Structure 4

[0114] 13, the first antenna element 104 may be a planar helical antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 includes a conductive wire 1046 that extends helically around a first axis. The feed line may include a coaxial cable. One end of the conductive wire 1046 that is closer to the first axis may be connected to a core wire of the coaxial cable, and one end of the conductive wire 1046 that is farther from the first axis may be connected to a shield layer of the coaxial cable.

[0115] Structure 5

[0116] 14, the first antenna element 104 may be a patch antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 may include a conductive substrate 1047, a dielectric plate 1049, and a conductive plate 1048, which are laminated together in order. The projection of the conductive plate 1048 onto the dielectric plate 1049 is located within the projection of the conductive substrate 1047 onto the dielectric plate 1049. The feed line may include a coaxial cable, with the core of the coaxial cable connected to the conductive plate 1048 and the shielding layer of the coaxial cable connected to the substrate.

[0117] Structure 6

[0118] 15, the first antenna element 104 may be an inverted-F antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 may include a first conductor 1051 extending in a first direction, a second conductor 1052 extending in a second direction, and a third conductor 1053 extending in the second direction. One end of the second conductor 1052 is connected to one end of the first conductor 1051, one end of the third conductor 1053 is connected to the first conductor 1051, the third conductor is connected to a feed line, and the second conductor 1052 is grounded.

[0119] Structure 7

[0120] 16, the first antenna element 104 may alternatively be a slot antenna. For example, the first antenna element 104 includes a metal plate 1056 having a slot 1055 formed therein and a feed line connected to the metal plate 1056.

[0121] It will be appreciated that the first antenna element 104 may be one or a combination of these structures.

[0122] 17 , in an embodiment in which the first antenna element 104 is a combination of multiple structures, for example, the first antenna element 104 may include a first horizontal monopole antenna 1004, a second horizontal monopole antenna 1014, a third horizontal monopole antenna 1024, and a planar loop antenna 1054. The core of the coaxial cable 1071 is connected to the conductive loops on one side of the gaps of the first horizontal monopole antenna 1004, the third horizontal monopole antenna 1024, and the planar loop antenna 1054, and the shield layer of the coaxial cable 1071 is connected to the conductive loops on the other side of the gaps of the second horizontal monopole antenna 1014 and the planar loop antenna 1054. The third horizontal monopole antenna 1024 may be loop-shaped and may be located inside the planar loop antenna 1054, thereby improving the structural compactness of the first antenna element 104.

[0123] 18, the first antenna element 104 may include a first planar loop antenna 1034 and a second planar loop antenna 1044, with the core of the coaxial cable connected to one side of the gap of the first planar loop antenna 1034, and the core connected to one side of the gap of the second planar loop antenna 1044. The shielding layer of the coaxial cable is connected to the other side of the gap of the first planar loop antenna 1034, and the shielding layer of the coaxial cable is connected to the other side of the gap of the second planar loop antenna 1044. In other words, the first planar loop antenna 1034 and the second planar loop antenna 1044 are connected in parallel.

[0124] Since the first antenna element 104 is a combination of a plurality of structures, it is possible to improve the communication frequency bandwidth of the first antenna element 104 and improve the communication effect.

[0125] In this embodiment, the structures of the second antenna element 105 and the third antenna element 106 may be the same as or different from the structure of the first antenna element 104, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0126] In this embodiment, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may include a transparent conductive film (such as an indium tin oxide film or a transparent silver film), a flexible printed circuit (FPC), or the like. In an embodiment in which the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 each include a transparent conductive film, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can each be formed to have a specific shape by a method such as coating or etching. In an embodiment in which the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 each include a flexible printed circuit, the plane on which the flexible circuit board is located may be parallel to the intermediate dielectric layer 103. Indeed, the flexible circuit board may alternatively be bent and placed on the corresponding dielectric layer.

[0127] In another embodiment, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may alternatively each include a metal film layer, and correspondingly, processing such as etching or cutting can be performed on the metal film layer to form the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 each having a specific shape.

[0128] Embodiment 2 19, the embodiments provide an antenna assembly 10. The antenna assembly 10 can be used in devices such as vehicles, airplanes, ships, or mobile phones, and can achieve communication with external devices via the antenna assembly 10. Application scenarios of the antenna assembly 10 are not limited to these embodiments.

[0129] The antenna assembly 10 includes an antenna element 100 and a reflecting element 110. The antenna element 100 is configured to transmit signals to the outside, and the antenna element 100 can also receive signals from the outside. The reflecting element 110 and the antenna element 100 are spaced apart. The reflecting element 110 is configured to reflect a signal transmitted by the antenna element 100 back to the reflecting element 110. In other words, a signal transmitted to the reflecting element 110 and generated by the antenna element 100 is reflected by the reflecting element 110, and the reflected signal is transmitted in a direction toward the antenna element 100 and away from the reflecting element 110.

[0130] In this arrangement, the signal radiation pattern generated by the antenna element 100 is concentrated on the side of the antenna element 100 away from the reflecting element 110, and since the radiation pattern is hemispherical, the signal strength on the side of the antenna element 100 away from the reflecting element 110 is improved, thereby improving communication quality.

[0131] The positions of the antenna element 100 and the reflecting element 110 are appropriately set so that a signal can be transmitted to a communication area after being reflected by the reflecting element 110. For example, the signal is transmitted in a direction away from the ground after being reflected by the reflecting element 110. This can avoid signal loss due to signal transmission to a non-communication area, such as the ground, compared to when the reflecting element 110 is not disposed, and can further improve the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10. It will be understood that the communication area may be an area where signals can be easily transmitted and received, for example, in the air away from the ground.

[0132] In some embodiments, in the plane in which the antenna element 100 is located, the projection of the reflecting element 110 covers a portion of the antenna element 100. In other words, in the plane in which the reflecting element 110 is located, the projection of a portion of the antenna element 100 is located on the reflecting element 110. In this arrangement, a portion of the signal transmitted by the antenna element 100 is reflected by the reflecting element 110, thereby reflecting a particular signal (e.g., a signal at a particular frequency) by the reflecting element 110 and enhancing the signal strength of the particular signal.

[0133] In another embodiment, in the plane in which the antenna element 100 is located, the projection of the reflecting element 110 covers all of the antenna element 100. In other words, in the plane in which the reflecting element 110 is located, the projection of the antenna element 100 is entirely located on the reflecting element 110. In this arrangement, all signals generated by the antenna element 100 and transmitted to the reflecting element 110 are reflected by the reflecting element 110, avoiding signal loss that occurs when part of the signal is not reflected by the reflecting element 110.

[0134] In the above embodiment, there is a first distance L between the reflecting element 110 and the antenna element 100, and the first distance L is the distance at which the signal is transmitted from the antenna element 100 to the reflecting element 110. The first distance L is appropriately set to improve the reflection effect of the reflecting element 110 on the signal.

[0135] For example, the first distance L may be 0.05 to 1 times the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna element 100. For example, the first distance L may be 0.1 to 0.5 times the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly 10. For example, the first distance L may be 0.1 times, 0.3 times, 0.5 times, etc. the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly 10. This arrangement can improve the reflective effect of the reflecting element 110 on the signal transmitted by the antenna element 100.

[0136] 20 , in some embodiments, a dielectric layer 116 may be disposed between the reflecting element 110 and the antenna element 100, and the dielectric layer 116 may fill the space between the reflecting element 110 and the antenna element 100. Alternatively, the dielectric layer 116 may be located only in a portion of the area between the antenna element 100 and the reflecting element 110. The dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 116 is appropriately set so that the reflecting element 110 can always reflect the signal of the antenna element 100, even if the first distance between the reflecting element 110 and the antenna element 100 is different. This improves the flexibility of the first distance between the reflecting element 110 and the antenna element 100. For example, the material of the dielectric layer 116 may be plastic, rubber, or ceramic.

[0137] 19 , in this embodiment, the reflecting element 110 may include a reflecting plate 111, and the reflecting plate 111 and the antenna element 100 are spaced apart. The reflecting plate 111 is parallel to the plane on which the antenna element 100 is located, or has a predetermined angle between the reflecting plate 111 and the plane on which the antenna element 100 is located. Signal reflection occurs on the reflecting plate 111. In this way, the structure is simplified and the manufacturing is easy.

[0138] In another embodiment, the reflecting element 110 comprises a reflector having a groove formed therein, such that the signal can be reflected by the groove walls of the groove and transmitted to the side of the antenna element 100 away from the reflecting element 110.

[0139] 21, in this embodiment, a guide structure 112 is disposed on the reflecting element 110, and the guide structure 112 is configured to reflect the signal in a first direction. This arrangement can improve the signal strength in the first direction and further improve the communication quality.

[0140] It will be understood that the first direction can be appropriately set based on actual communication requirements. For example, in an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in a vehicle, the vehicle includes a vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2 ) surrounding a driver's seat and a passenger cabin, and the first direction may be a longitudinal direction forward of the vehicle body 20 (opposite to direction Y), or a longitudinal direction forward of the vehicle body 20 tilted upward (opposite to direction Y and tilted in direction Z). Indeed, the first direction may be a longitudinal direction rearward of the vehicle body 20 (direction Y), or a longitudinal direction rearward of the vehicle body 20 tilted upward (direction Y and tilted in direction Z). Indeed, the first direction may alternatively be other directions, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0141] 21 and 22, the guide structure 112 may include a guide protrusion 113 and / or a guide groove 114 provided on the reflective element 110. In this arrangement, the guide protrusion 113 and / or the guide groove 114 are provided on the reflective element 110, so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the guide structure 112. In this way, the structure is simplified and the manufacturing is easy.

[0142] 21 , in an embodiment where the guide structure 112 includes a guide protrusion 113 arranged on the reflecting element 110, the guide protrusion 113 is arranged on a surface of the reflecting element 110 facing the antenna element 100. The guide protrusion 113 has a reflecting surface close to the antenna element 100. The reflecting surface may be a curved surface. Correspondingly, the curvature of the reflecting surface is appropriately set so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after reflecting from the reflecting surface. Indeed, the reflecting surface may alternatively be an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a plane on which the antenna element 100 is located. Correspondingly, the angle between the inclined surface and the plane on which the antenna element 100 is located is appropriately set so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after reflecting from the reflecting surface.

[0143] 22 , in an embodiment in which the guide structure 112 includes a guide groove 114 disposed on the reflecting element 110, the guide groove 114 is disposed on a surface of the reflecting element 110 facing the antenna element 100. The groove wall of the guide groove 114 may be a curved surface. Correspondingly, the curvature of the groove wall is appropriately set so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the groove wall. Indeed, the groove wall of the guide groove 114 may alternatively be an inclined surface inclined with respect to a plane on which the antenna element 100 is located. Correspondingly, the angle between the groove wall and the plane on which the antenna element 100 is located is appropriately set so that the signal is transmitted in the first direction after being reflected by the groove wall of the guide groove 114.

[0144] In an embodiment in which the guide structure 112 includes a guide protrusion 113 and a guide groove 114 provided on the reflective element 110, the structure of the guide protrusion 113 and the guide groove 114 is substantially similar to that of the previous embodiment, and the details will not be described again here.

[0145] 23 , in this embodiment, the guide structure 112 includes a first guide structure 1121 and a second guide structure 1122. The first guide structure 1121 and the second guide structure 1122 are spaced apart on the reflecting element 110. This arrangement allows more signals to be reflected in the first direction, further improving the signal strength in the first direction. It should be understood that the number of guide structures 112 is not limited to two, and may be three, four, etc. The multiple guide structures 112 may be arranged in an array on the reflecting element 110, or the multiple guide structures 112 may be arranged irregularly on the reflecting element 110.

[0146] In the above-described embodiment, the guide structure 112 and the reflecting element 110 may be a unitary structure. That is, the guide structure 112 and the reflecting element 110 are integrated using a process such as stamping or molding, thereby reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the antenna assembly 10. Indeed, the guide structure 112 may alternatively be connected to the reflecting element 110 by methods such as welding, bolting, or clamping. Correspondingly, the reflecting element 110 and the guide structure 112 may be manufactured separately, and then the guide structure 112 may be attached to the reflecting element 110.

[0147] 24, in some embodiments, the reflecting element 110 is provided with a through-hole 115, so that the reflecting element 110 forms a slot antenna. In this case, the first antenna element 104 can couple a signal to the slot antenna, so that the slot antenna, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can all transmit signals to the outside, improving the signal strength and further improving the communication quality.

[0148] It will be understood that the shape of the hole wall of the through hole 115 is appropriately set so that the signal transmitted by the antenna element 100 to the reflecting element 110 is reflected by the hole wall of the through hole 115 and the reflected signal is transmitted in the first direction, thereby improving the signal strength in the first direction.

[0149] 25, in this embodiment, the antenna assembly 10 further includes a first dielectric layer 101, and the antenna element 100 includes a first antenna element 104, which is disposed on the first dielectric layer 101, and the reflecting element 110 and the first dielectric layer 101 are spaced apart from each other. The antenna element 100 may be fixed via the first dielectric layer 101.

[0150] 26 , in some embodiments, the antenna assembly 10 further includes a second dielectric layer 102 and an intermediate dielectric layer 103. The second dielectric layer 102 and the first dielectric layer 101 are laminated together, with the second dielectric layer 102 facing the reflecting element 110, the intermediate dielectric layer 103 being located between the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102, and the first antenna element 104 being located on a surface of the second dielectric layer 102 that is away from the first dielectric layer 101. In other words, the first antenna element 104 is located between the reflecting element 110 and the second dielectric layer 102. This arrangement can prevent external objects from contacting the first antenna element 104, thereby protecting the first antenna element 104.

[0151] In some embodiments, the antenna element 100 further includes a second antenna element 105, which is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer 103 and the first dielectric layer 101. In this arrangement, the second antenna element 105 and the first antenna element 104 can simultaneously receive and transmit signals, improving the strength of the signals transmitted by the antenna assembly 10 and improving communication quality.

[0152] It will be appreciated that the first antenna element 104 can be connected to one feed line and the second antenna element 105 can be connected to another feed line, whereby the first antenna element 104 and the second antenna element 105 can be fed via corresponding feed lines. Alternatively, the first antenna element 104 can be connected to a feed line and couple a signal to the second antenna element 105, i.e., the first antenna element 104 can be wirelessly connected to the second antenna element 105, thereby reducing the number of wires in the antenna assembly 10.

[0153] In this embodiment, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may include a transparent conductive film (such as an indium tin oxide film or a transparent silver film), a flexible printed circuit (FPC), or the like. In an embodiment in which the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 each include a transparent conductive film, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may each be formed to have a specific shape by a method such as coating or etching. In an embodiment in which the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 each include a flexible printed circuit, the plane on which the flexible circuit board is disposed may be parallel to the intermediate dielectric layer 103. Indeed, the flexible circuit board may alternatively be bent and disposed on the corresponding dielectric layer.

[0154] In another embodiment, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may alternatively each include a metal film layer, and correspondingly, processing such as etching or cutting can be performed on the metal film layer to form the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 each having a specific shape.

[0155] 26, in the above-described embodiment, the antenna element 100 further includes a third antenna element 106, which is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer 103 and the second dielectric layer 102. In this arrangement, the third antenna element 106 and the first antenna element 104 can receive and transmit signals simultaneously, which can improve the strength of the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly 10 and improve communication quality.

[0156] It will be appreciated that the first antenna element 104 may be connected to one feed line and the third antenna element 106 may be connected to another feed line such that the first antenna element 104 and the third antenna element 106 are fed via the corresponding feed lines. Alternatively, the first antenna element 104 may be connected to a feed line and couple a signal to the third antenna element 106, i.e., the first antenna element 104 may be wirelessly connected to the third antenna element 106, thereby reducing the number of wires in the antenna assembly 10.

[0157] In embodiments in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in a vehicle, the vehicle may be an electric vehicle or a gasoline-powered vehicle. The embodiment is not limited thereto. The vehicle includes a vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2 ), a driver's seat and a passenger cabin enclosed by the vehicle body 20, a driver in the driver's seat, and passengers in the passenger cabin, the vehicle body 20 configured to carry the driver and passengers.

[0158] The antenna assembly 10 can be used in a variety of locations on a vehicle, and several scenarios can be described below.

[0159] Scenario 1

[0160] 26, a sunroof 201 is provided on the upper part of the vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2), and a plate-like body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 can cover the sunroof 201 and seal the sunroof 201. In this case, it can be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 must each have a certain light transmittance, so that external light can enter the driver's seat and passenger cabin after passing through the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103, thereby improving the lighting effect of the passenger cabin.

[0161] Based on the above-described arrangement, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located on the top of the vehicle body 20. After the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 generate signals, the signals are transmitted directly to the top of the vehicle body 20, which prevents other structures of the vehicle body 20 from blocking the signals, reduces signal loss, and improves the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10.

[0162] For example, the second dielectric layer 102 may be located near the driver's seat of the vehicle, which may prevent the first antenna element 104 from being exposed to the external environment and may also prevent the first antenna element 104 from being damaged.

[0163] Scenario 2

[0164] 26, a front shield window 202 is provided at the front end of the vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2) in the longitudinal direction (Y direction in FIG. 2), and a plate-like body including a first dielectric layer 101, a second dielectric layer 102, and an intermediate dielectric layer 103 covers the front shield window 202 to seal it. In this case, it will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 each need to have a specific light transmittance, which allows the driver to observe the road surface ahead of the vehicle through the front shield window 202 and helps with driving the vehicle. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction, thereby improving signal strength at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction.

[0165] Scenario 3

[0166] As shown in FIG. 26 , a rear shield window 203 is provided at the longitudinal rear end of the vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 3 ), and a plate-like body including a first dielectric layer 101, a second dielectric layer 102, and an intermediate dielectric layer 103 covers the rear shield window 203 to seal it. In this case, it will be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 must each have a predetermined light transmittance, and light may enter the passenger compartment through the rear shield window 203. In this case, since the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located at the longitudinal rear end of the vehicle body 20, the signal strength at the longitudinal rear end of the vehicle body 20 can be improved.

[0167] Scenario 4

[0168] 26 , the vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2 ) is provided with a front vehicle door 204 and a rear vehicle door 205, and each of the front vehicle door 204 and the rear vehicle door 205 is provided with a vehicle window 206. Correspondingly, a plate-like body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 can cover the vehicle window 206 and seal the vehicle window 206. It should be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 each need to have a specific light transmittance, so that light can enter the driver's seat and passenger cabin through the vehicle window 206. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 are located at one horizontal end of the vehicle body 20, thereby improving the signal strength at one horizontal end of the vehicle body 20.

[0169] Scenario 5

[0170] 26 , a front vehicle door 204 and a rear vehicle door 205 are provided on the vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2 ), and a quarter window 207 is provided behind the rear vehicle door 205. Correspondingly, a plate-like body including a first dielectric layer 101, a second dielectric layer 102, and an intermediate dielectric layer 103 can cover the quarter window 207 and seal the quarter window 207. In this case, it should be understood that the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 must each have a specific light transmittance, and light can enter the driver's seat and passenger cabin through the quarter window 207. In this case, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may transmit signals to the outside at the positions of the quarter windows.

[0171] In the above scenario, the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102 may both be glass layers, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may be a connecting adhesive layer that is bonded to the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102 to realize a connection between the first dielectric layer 101 and the second dielectric layer 102. Indeed, the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may each be a plastic layer, etc. The materials of the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 are not limited to the embodiment.

[0172] In the above scenario, the plate-shaped body including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 can cover the front shield window 202, the sunroof 201, and the rear shield window 203 of the vehicle body 20 (as shown in FIG. 3 ). In this case, the plate-shaped body forms a canopy structure. Correspondingly, the area of ​​the sunroof 201 can be enlarged, and the amount of light inside the driver's seat and passenger cabin can be increased. Correspondingly, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the front shield window 202, or the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the sunroof 201, or the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the rear shield window 203. Indeed, the first antenna element 104, the second antenna element 105, and the third antenna element 106 may alternatively be positioned at positions corresponding to two or three of the front shield window 202, the sunroof 201, and the rear shield window 203.

[0173] In an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used on a watercraft or aircraft, the plate including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may cover a window of the watercraft or aircraft. Of course, the plate including the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may alternatively be located in other locations. This is not a limiting example of an embodiment.

[0174] It will be appreciated that in embodiments in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in a vehicle, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be of one piece construction. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be manufactured in the same factory and formed simultaneously. Alternatively, the reflective element 110 may be connected to the vehicle body 20 by methods such as welding, bolting, or riveting. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be manufactured in different factories, with the reflective element 110 being attached to the vehicle body 20 after manufacturing.

[0175] In an embodiment in which the antenna assembly 10 is used in an electronic device such as a mobile phone or tablet computer, a display panel is disposed in the electronic device, and the first dielectric layer 101, the second dielectric layer 102, and the intermediate dielectric layer 103 may be film layers within the display panel. In this manner, the display panel can transmit signals to the outside and also receive signals from the outside.

[0176] In this embodiment, the structure of the first antenna element 104 may be substantially similar to the structure of the first antenna element 104 in embodiment 1, and correspondingly, the structures of the second antenna element 105 and the third antenna element 106 may be the same as or different from the structure of the first antenna element 104.

[0177] In this embodiment, the external device that communicates with the antenna assembly 10 is substantially similar to the external device of embodiment 1, and certainly the antenna assembly 10 may communicate with further external devices.

[0178] Embodiment 3 This embodiment provides a vehicle that may include the antenna assembly 10 of embodiment 2. It will be understood that the vehicle of this embodiment may be an electric vehicle or a gasoline-powered vehicle, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0179] The vehicle includes a vehicle body 20 (shown in FIG. 2) with a driver's seat and a passenger cabin enclosed by the vehicle body 20, with the driver in the driver's seat and passengers in the passenger cabin, and the vehicle body 20 configured to carry the driver and passengers.

[0180] 27, the upper part of the vehicle body 20 includes a reflective element 110. In this arrangement, the reflective element 110 reflects the signal generated by the antenna element 100 and transmitted to the driver's seat and passenger cabin to the upper part of the vehicle body 20, thereby improving the signal strength at the upper part of the vehicle body 20 and further improving communication quality. In addition, when the reflective element 110 reflects the signal to the upper part of the vehicle body 20, signal loss due to signal transmission to the vehicle body 20 and the ground can be avoided, compared to when the reflective element 110 is not provided, and the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10 can be further improved.

[0181] In some embodiments, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be of one piece construction. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be manufactured in the same factory and formed at the same time.

[0182] In other embodiments, the reflective element 110 may alternatively be connected to the vehicle body 20 by methods such as welding, bolting, or riveting. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the vehicle body 20 may be manufactured in different factories, with the reflective element 110 being attached to the vehicle body 20 after manufacturing.

[0183] In this embodiment, the antenna assembly 10 can be positioned on top of the vehicle body 20 in several ways, which can be described in several scenarios below.

[0184] Scenario 1

[0185] 28, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, and both the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 are disposed at the front end in the longitudinal direction (opposite the Y direction) of the vehicle body 20. This arrangement can improve the signal strength at the front end in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20.

[0186] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may be located in front of the sunroof 201 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20. For example, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at a front edge of the sunroof 201, or the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at another location in front of the sunroof 201.

[0187] In some embodiments, there may be two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40. In this arrangement, the first antenna assemblies 30 and the second antenna assemblies 40 may all form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna to improve communication quality.

[0188] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0189] Scenario 2

[0190] 29, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, and both the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 are disposed at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (direction Y). This arrangement can improve the signal strength at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction.

[0191] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may be located rearward of the sunroof 201 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20. For example, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at an edge of the sunroof 201, or the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at another location rearward of the sunroof 201.

[0192] In some implementations, there may be two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40. In this arrangement, the first antenna assemblies 30 and the second antenna assemblies 40 may all use a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to improve communication quality.

[0193] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0194] Scenario 3

[0195] 30, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, with the first antenna assembly 30 being disposed at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (opposite to the Y direction), and the second antenna assembly 40 being disposed at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction). This arrangement ensures that the front and rear ends of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction each have a specific signal strength.

[0196] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflecting element 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 may be located in front of the sunroof 201 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 20, and the reflecting element 110 of the second antenna assembly 40 may be located at the longitudinal rear end of the sunroof 201. For example, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at the edge of the sunroof 201, or the reflecting element 110 of the first antenna assembly may be located at another position in front of the sunroof 201, and the reflecting element 110 of the second antenna assembly may be located at another position behind the sunroof 201.

[0197] In some embodiments, there may be two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40. In this arrangement, all of the first antenna assemblies 30 and second antenna assemblies 40 may form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to improve communication quality.

[0198] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0199] Scenario 4

[0200] 31, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, with the first antenna assembly 30 disposed at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (direction X) and the second antenna assembly 40 disposed at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite direction to direction X). This arrangement ensures that both ends of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction each have a specific signal strength.

[0201] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflecting element 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 may be located at one end of the sunroof 201 in the horizontal direction of the vehicle body 20, and the reflecting element 110 of the second antenna assembly 40 may be located at the other end of the sunroof 201 in the horizontal direction. For example, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0202] In some embodiments, there may be two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40. In this arrangement, all of the first antenna assemblies 30 and second antenna assemblies 40 may form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to improve communication quality.

[0203] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0204] Scenario 5

[0205] As shown in FIG. 32 , the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30, a second antenna assembly 40, a third antenna assembly 50, and a fourth antenna assembly 60. The first antenna assembly 30 may be located at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (opposite to the Y direction), the second antenna assembly 40 may be located at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction), the third antenna may be located at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (X direction), and the fourth antenna may be located at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite to the X direction). In this arrangement, the first antenna assembly 30, the second antenna assembly 40, the third antenna assembly 50, and the fourth antenna assembly 60 are distributed, thereby improving the signal coverage area of ​​the antenna assembly 10. Furthermore, the first antenna assembly 30, the second antenna assembly 40, the third antenna assembly 50, and the fourth antenna assembly 60 form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to improve communication quality.

[0206] In embodiments in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30, the second antenna assembly 40, the third antenna assembly 50, and the fourth antenna assembly 60 may each be located at the edge of the sunroof 201. Of course, each of the reflective elements 110 may alternatively be located at another location.

[0207] Scenario 6

[0208] 33 , the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, both of which are disposed at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (X direction). This arrangement can improve the signal strength at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction. In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may be located on one side of the sunroof 201 in the horizontal direction of the vehicle body 20. For example, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0209] In some embodiments, there may be two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40. In this arrangement, all of the first antenna assemblies 30 and second antenna assemblies 40 may form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to improve communication quality.

[0210] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0211] Scenario 7

[0212] 34, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, and both the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 are disposed at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite to direction X). This arrangement can improve the signal strength at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction.

[0213] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may be located on other sides of the sunroof 201 in the horizontal direction of the vehicle body 20. For example, the reflecting elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be located at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0214] In some embodiments, there may be two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40. In this arrangement, the first antenna assemblies 30 and all of the second antenna assemblies 40 may form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to improve communication quality.

[0215] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0216] Scenario 8

[0217] 35, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30, a second antenna assembly 40, and a third antenna assembly 50. The first antenna assembly 30 is disposed at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (opposite to the Y direction), the second antenna assembly 40 is disposed at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (X direction), and the third antenna assembly 50 is disposed at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite to the X direction). This arrangement ensures high signal strength over the front half of the vehicle body 20.

[0218] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30, the second antenna assembly 40, and the third antenna assembly 50 may each be positioned at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0219] For example, two first antenna assemblies 30, two second antenna assemblies 40, or two third antenna assemblies 50 may be provided to form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, thereby improving communication quality.

[0220] The number of antenna assemblies 10 in the embodiment is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0221] Scenario 9

[0222] 36, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30, a second antenna assembly 40, and a third antenna assembly 50. The first antenna assembly 30 is disposed at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction), the second antenna assembly 40 is disposed at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (X direction), and the third antenna assembly 50 is disposed at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite to the X direction). This arrangement ensures high signal strength over the rear half of the vehicle body 20.

[0223] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30, the second antenna assembly 40, and the third antenna assembly 50 may each be positioned at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0224] For example, two first antenna assemblies 30, two second antenna assemblies 40, or two third antenna assemblies 50 may be provided to form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, thereby improving communication quality.

[0225] The number of antenna assemblies 10 in the embodiment is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0226] Scenario 10

[0227] 37, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, with the first antenna assembly 30 being disposed at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction) and the second antenna assembly 40 being disposed at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (X direction). This arrangement ensures signal strength above the lower right portion of the vehicle body 20.

[0228] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be positioned at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0229] For example, two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40 may be present to form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, improving communication quality.

[0230] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0231] Scenario 11

[0232] 38, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, with the first antenna assembly 30 disposed at the rear end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction) and the second antenna assembly 40 disposed at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite to the X direction). This arrangement ensures signal strength above the upper right part of the vehicle body 20.

[0233] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be positioned at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0234] For example, two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40 can be provided to form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, thereby improving communication quality.

[0235] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0236] Scenario 12

[0237] 39, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, with the first antenna assembly 30 being disposed at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (opposite to the Y direction), and the second antenna assembly 40 being disposed at one end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (X direction). This arrangement ensures signal strength over the upper left portion of the vehicle body 20.

[0238] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be positioned at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0239] For example, two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40 can be provided to form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, thereby improving communication quality.

[0240] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0241] Scenario 13

[0242] 40, the antenna assembly 10 includes a first antenna assembly 30 and a second antenna assembly 40, with the first antenna assembly 30 being disposed at the front end of the vehicle body 20 in the longitudinal direction (opposite to the Y direction), and the second antenna assembly 40 being disposed at the other end of the vehicle body 20 in the horizontal direction (opposite to the X direction). This arrangement ensures signal strength above the lower left portion of the vehicle body 20.

[0243] In an embodiment in which the vehicle body 20 is provided with a sunroof 201, the reflective elements 110 of the first antenna assembly 30 and the second antenna assembly 40 may each be positioned at the edge of the sunroof 201.

[0244] For example, two first antenna assemblies 30 and two second antenna assemblies 40 may be present to form a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, improving communication quality.

[0245] In the embodiment, the number of antenna assemblies 10 is not limited, and the number of antenna assemblies 10 may alternatively be five, six, or the like.

[0246] In the above scenario, the first dielectric layers 101 of all the antenna assemblies 10 are a monolithic structure, the second dielectric layers 102 of all the antenna assemblies 10 are a monolithic structure, and the third dielectric layers of all the antenna assemblies 10 are a monolithic structure. In this way, the first dielectric layers 101, the second dielectric layers 102, and the third dielectric layers of all the antennas form an overall plate-like body, which can cover and seal the sunroof 201.

[0247] In some embodiments, the plate-shaped body may cover the front shield window 202, the sunroof 201, and the rear shield window 203 of the vehicle body 20. In this case, the plate-shaped body forms a canopy structure, thereby enlarging the area of ​​the sunroof 201 and increasing the amount of light inside the driver's seat and passenger cabin. Correspondingly, the antenna element 100 in each antenna assembly 10 may be disposed at a position corresponding to the front shield window 202, or the antenna element 100 in each antenna assembly 10 may be disposed at a position corresponding to the sunroof 201, or the antenna element 100 in each antenna assembly 10 may be disposed at a position corresponding to the rear shield window 203. Indeed, the antenna element 100 in each antenna assembly 10 may also be disposed at a position corresponding to two or three of the front shield window 202, the sunroof 201, and the rear shield window 203.

[0248] 41, the dashed line is a curve of the standing wave ratio versus frequency when the reflecting element 110 is not disposed in the antenna assembly 10, and the solid line is a curve of the standing wave ratio versus frequency when the reflecting element 110 is disposed in the antenna assembly 10. Comparing the two curves, it can be seen that when the antenna assembly 10 is in the frequency range of 0.69 GHz to 4.5 GHz, the standing wave ratio when the reflecting element 110 is disposed in the antenna assembly 10 is closer to 2 than the standing wave ratio when the reflecting element 110 is not disposed in the antenna assembly 10.

[0249] 42, the dashed line is a curve of efficiency versus frequency when the reflecting element 110 is not disposed in the antenna assembly 10, and the solid line is a curve of efficiency versus frequency when the reflecting element 110 is disposed in the antenna assembly 10. Comparing the two curves, it can be seen that the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10 with the reflecting element 110 disposed therein is higher than the efficiency of the antenna assembly 10 without the reflecting element disposed therein when the antenna assembly 10 is in the frequency range of 0.69 GHz to 4.5 GHz.

[0250] 43, the dashed line is a directivity diagram when the reflecting element 110 is not disposed in the antenna assembly 10, and the solid line is a directivity diagram when the reflecting element 110 is disposed in the antenna assembly 10. Comparing the two, it can be seen that the power (output) gain of the antenna assembly 10 with the reflecting element 110 disposed is higher than the power gain of the antenna assembly 10 without the reflecting element disposed.

[0251] Embodiment 4 This embodiment provides a signal transmission device including the antenna assembly 10 of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. The signal transmission device can be used in devices such as vehicles, airplanes, ships, or mobile phones, and can realize communication with external devices through the signal transmission device. The application scenario of the signal transmission device is not limited to the embodiment.

[0252] In embodiments in which the signal transmission device is used in a vehicle, the vehicle includes a body 20 that surrounds a driver and passenger cabin. The reflective element 110 of the antenna assembly 10 and the body 20 may be of one piece construction. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the body 20 may be manufactured in the same factory and formed simultaneously. Alternatively, the reflective element 110 may be connected to the body 20 by welding, bolting, riveting, or other methods. Correspondingly, the reflective element 110 and the body 20 may be manufactured in separate factories, with the reflective element 110 being attached to the body 20 after manufacturing.

[0253] In this embodiment, the structure, location, and connection method of the antenna assembly 10 may be substantially the same as in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, and the details will not be described again here.

[0254] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. 1. An antenna assembly, comprising: a first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer being laminated together; an intermediate dielectric layer located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; a first antenna element; and a second antenna element; and a third antenna element; the first antenna element is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer that is remote from the first dielectric layer; the second antenna element is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer; the third antenna element is disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. Antenna assembly.

2. 2. The antenna assembly of claim 1, further comprising a reflecting element located on a side of the second dielectric layer away from the first dielectric layer, the reflecting element configured to reflect signals transmitted by the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element to the reflecting element.

3. 3. The antenna assembly of claim 2, wherein the projection of the reflecting element on the intermediate dielectric layer covers all of the projections of the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element.

4. 3. The antenna assembly of claim 2, wherein the projection of the reflecting element on the intermediate dielectric layer covers a projection of a portion of the first antenna element, a projection of a portion of the second antenna element, and a projection of a portion of the third antenna element.

5. 5. An antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein there is a first distance between the reflecting element and the first antenna element.

6. 6. The antenna assembly of claim 5, wherein the first distance is between 0.05 and 1 times the wavelength of a signal transmitted by the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element.

7. 7. An antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein a dielectric layer is disposed between the first antenna element and the reflecting element.

8. 8. An antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein the reflecting element comprises a reflector.

9. 9. An antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein a guide structure is disposed on the reflecting element, the guide structure being configured to reflect a signal towards a first direction.

10. The antenna assembly according to claim 9 , wherein the guide structure includes a guide protrusion and / or a guide groove provided on the reflecting element.

11. 11. The antenna assembly of claim 9, wherein the guide structure includes a first guide structure and a second guide structure, the first guide structure and the second guide structure being spaced apart from the reflecting element.

12. 12. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the guide structure and the reflecting element are of one unitary structure.

13. 12. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the guide structure is connected to the reflecting element.

14. 14. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein a through hole is provided in the reflecting element.

15. 15. An antenna assembly according to any preceding claim, further comprising a feed line, the feed line being electrically connected to the first antenna element.

16. 16. An antenna assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the first antenna element is configured to couple signals to the second antenna element and the third antenna element.

17. 1. An antenna assembly, comprising: an antenna element; a reflective element; the reflecting element and the antenna element are spaced apart, and the reflecting element is configured to reflect a signal transmitted by the antenna element back to the reflecting element. Antenna assembly.

18. 18. The antenna assembly of claim 17, wherein the projection of the reflecting element covers a portion of the antenna element in a plane in which the antenna element lies.

19. 18. The antenna assembly of claim 17, wherein the projection of the reflecting element covers the entire antenna element in a plane in which the antenna element lies.

20. 20. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein there is a first distance between the reflecting element and the antenna element.

21. 21. The antenna assembly of claim 20, wherein the first distance is between 0.05 and 1 times the wavelength of a signal transmitted by the antenna element.

22. 22. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein a dielectric layer is disposed between the antenna element and the reflecting element.

23. 23. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the reflecting element comprises a reflector, the reflector and the antenna element being spaced apart.

24. 24. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein a guiding structure is disposed on the reflecting element, the guiding structure being configured to reflect a signal towards a first direction.

25. 25. The antenna assembly according to claim 24, wherein the guide structure includes a guide protrusion and / or a guide groove provided on the reflecting element.

26. 26. An antenna assembly according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the guide structure comprises a first guide structure and a second guide structure, the first guide structure and the second guide structure being spaced apart from the reflecting element.

27. 27. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the guide structure and the reflecting element are of one unitary structure.

28. 27. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the guide structure is connected to the reflecting element.

29. 29. An antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 28, wherein through holes are provided in the reflecting element.

30. 30. The antenna assembly of claim 17, wherein the antenna assembly includes a first dielectric layer, the antenna element includes a first antenna element disposed on the first dielectric layer, and the reflecting element and the first dielectric layer are spaced apart.

31. The antenna assembly comprises: a second dielectric layer; and an intermediate dielectric layer; the second dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer are laminated together, and the second dielectric layer is disposed facing the reflective element; 31. The antenna assembly of claim 30, wherein the intermediate dielectric layer is located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, and the first antenna element is disposed on a side of the second dielectric layer remote from the first dielectric layer.

32. 32. The antenna assembly of claim 31, wherein the antenna element further comprises a second antenna element, the second antenna element being disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer.

33. 33. The antenna assembly of claim 31 or 32, wherein the antenna elements further include a third antenna element, the third antenna element being disposed between the intermediate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

34. 34. A vehicle including an antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 33.

35. 35. The vehicle of claim 34, wherein the vehicle includes a body, the top of the body including a reflective element.

36. 36. The vehicle of claim 35, wherein the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, both the first antenna assembly and the second antenna assembly being disposed at a longitudinal front end of the vehicle body.

37. 36. The vehicle of claim 35, wherein the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, both the first antenna assembly and the second antenna assembly being disposed at a rear longitudinal end of the vehicle body.

38. 36. The vehicle of claim 35, wherein the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, the first antenna assembly being disposed at a front longitudinal end of the vehicle body and the second antenna assembly being disposed at a rear longitudinal end of the vehicle body.

39. 36. The vehicle of claim 35, wherein the antenna assembly includes a first antenna assembly and a second antenna assembly, the first antenna assembly being disposed at one horizontal end of the vehicle body and the second antenna assembly being disposed at the other horizontal end of the vehicle body.

40. 34. Signal transmission equipment comprising an antenna assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or an antenna assembly according to any one of claims 17 to 33.

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