Pipe couplings, fluid flow systems including couplings, and methods for reducing water contamination

Abstract

A system and method for reducing or removing lead and other hazardous substances from water is disclosed, the system comprising a semi-rigid pipe (SRP) disposed inside a first existing pipe, two coupling assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the ends of the SRP, and a coupling assembly for connecting the SRP to the first existing pipe. The system is configured for fluid flow when the assembly includes: a coupling with a nipple configured to be received and disposed inside the SRP; and a compression nut including an inwardly tapered interior surface such that threading of the compression nut onto the coupling compresses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The technical field of this disclosure relates generally to pipe couplings, fluid flow systems including one or more pipe couplings, and methods of using one or more pipe couplings to reduce water pollution.

[0002]

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 373,855, filed August 29, 2022, and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 164,504, filed February 3, 2023, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. BACKGROUND

[0003] Pipes that are not easily or economically accessible may need to be replaced for several reasons. As a non-limiting example, underground service pipes between water mains and homes may be buried several feet below the surface. Furthermore, these pipes may contain lead (Pb) or other hazardous substances that contaminate a home's drinking, cooking, and bathing water. Furthermore, aging pipes, including aging lead pipes, may deteriorate with hairline breaks, cracks, and voids. Communities, governments, water authorities, and other organizations seek to reduce water pollution and resulting losses in a fiscally responsible manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004]

[0004] One or more aspects of the present invention provide a system including a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, wherein the semi-rigid pipe includes a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end and is configured to be disposed inside a first existing pipe, and the pair of coupling assemblies include a first coupling assembly and a second coupling assembly disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively. Each coupling assembly includes a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling including a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and a mid-section, the compression nut including a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the coupling proximal end including a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a frictional tight fit and disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple, and the coupling distal end includes a coupling for coupling the coupling a compression nut distal end having an internal thread configured to mate with the first external thread of the coupling and an external surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling; the compression nut proximal end being positioned opposite the compression nut distal end, the internal surface tapering inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; the system being configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; and the proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

[0005]

[0005] One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a method including the steps of providing a first aspect system; passing a semi-rigid pipe through the first existing pipe; coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to each of the additional existing pipes using each coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies by sliding the compression nuts over each end of the semi-rigid pipe, connecting the distal ends of the couplings to each of the additional existing pipes, sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipples, and threading the compression nuts onto the couplings and pressing the semi-rigid pipe against the nipples, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, proximal and distal referring to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipes, and the system is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the first pipe to the second pipe of two additional existing pipes and provide a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes.

[0006]

[0006] One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a coupling assembly including a coupling and a compression nut, wherein the coupling includes a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and an intermediate section, the coupling proximal end including a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a friction-tight fit and disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed on the distal end of the nipple, the coupling distal end being disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with a first existing pipe, the intermediate section being disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to hold and securely thread the coupling, the compression nut including a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the compression nut distal end being configured to and an exterior surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling, wherein the proximal end of the compression nut is disposed opposite the distal end of the compression nut, the interior surface tapers downwardly from the distal end of the compression nut to the proximal end of the compression nut such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, the coupling assembly being configured to be disposed above and sealingly coupled to an end of the semi-rigid pipe, the proximal and distal referring to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe, the coupling assembly being configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the semi-rigid pipe to a second, existing pipe disposed at the distal end of the coupling, providing a channel for fluid flow between the semi-rigid pipe and the second, existing pipe disposed at the distal end of the coupling. In one or more embodiments, the taper on the interior surface is smooth.

[0007]

[0007] One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a method including the steps of providing a system configured for fluid flow; passing a semi-rigid pipe through at least one underground pipe; and coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of an additional existing pipe using a respective coupling assembly of a pair of coupling assemblies, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end and is configured to be disposed inside the at least one underground pipe, the pair of coupling assemblies including a first assembly and a second assembly disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each assembly including a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling comprising a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and an intermediate section, the coupling proximal end having a first outer diameter and a friction-tight a nipple configured to be received by fitting and disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; a first external thread having a diameter larger than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed on the distal end of the nipple, the distal end of the coupling including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes, the intermediate section being disposed opposite the proximal end of the coupling, the intermediate section being disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and holding the coupling securely in threaded engagement; the compression nut having a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the compression nut distal end including an internal thread configured to mate with the first external thread of the coupling and an outer surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling, the compression nut proximal end being disposed opposite the compression nut distal end, the inner surface being configured such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal;The compression nut is tapered inward from its distal end to its proximal end, and the step of coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to each of the additional existing pipes is performed by sliding the compression nut over each end of the semi-rigid pipe, connecting the distal end of the coupling to each of the additional existing pipes, sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple, and threading the compression nut onto the coupling and pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe and provides a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, wherein proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipes.

[0008]

[0008] One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a system including a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end and is configured to be disposed inside an existing plumbing; the pair of coupling assemblies are disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and comprise a first assembly and a second assembly sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each assembly comprising a coupling and a compression nut; the coupling comprises a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and an intermediate section, the coupling proximal end having a first outer diameter and including a nipple configured to be received by a friction-tight fit and disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; and the coupling distal end includes a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes. the compression nut comprises a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the compression nut distal end including internal threads configured to mate with the first external thread of the coupling and an outer surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling, the compression nut proximal end is disposed opposite the compression nut distal end, the inner surface tapering inwardly from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, the system being configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, wherein proximal and distal refer toRefers to the position relative to the semi-rigid pipe. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A depicts a semi-rigid pipe according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B depicts a semi-rigid pipe inserted into another pipe according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of a repair site according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 depicts a simplified cross-sectional view of a given system according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A depicts a coupling assembly in line with a shut-off valve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B provides an expanded view of the coupling assembly and sleeve of FIG. 4A according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 4C] FIG. 4C depicts a coupling assembly with a second sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 4D] FIG. 4D depicts a coupling assembly with the second sleeve presented in an open state according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A depicts another coupling assembly and sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B depicts an internal connection according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 6A] FIG. 6A depicts in perspective view a coupling for mating with a flared pipe according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B depicts in side view a coupling for mating with a flared pipe according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 6C]FIG. 6C depicts in end view a coupling for mating with a flared pipe according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 6D] FIG. 6D depicts in cross-sectional view a coupling for mating with a flared pipe according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A depicts a perspective view of a compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B depicts a side view of a compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 7C] FIG. 7C depicts an end view of a compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 7D] FIG. 7D depicts a cross-sectional view of a compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 8A] FIG. 8A depicts a perspective view of a flare nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 8B] FIG. 8B depicts a side view of a flare nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 8C] FIG. 8C depicts an end view of a flare nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 8D] FIG. 8D depicts a cross-sectional view of a flare nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 9A] FIG. 9A depicts a top view of a sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B depicts an end view of a sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 10A] FIG. 10A depicts in perspective view another coupling with a tapered nipple according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 10B] FIG. 10B depicts in side view another coupling with a tapered nipple according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 10C]FIG. 10C depicts, in end view, another coupling with a tapered nipple according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 10D] FIG. 10D depicts in cross section another coupling with a tapered nipple according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 11A] FIG. 11A depicts in perspective view a third coupling with NPT threads according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 11B] FIG. 11B depicts in side view a third coupling with NPT threads according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 11C] FIG. 11C depicts an end view of a third coupling with NPT threads according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 11D] FIG. 11D depicts in cross-sectional view a third coupling with NPT threads according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 12A] FIG. 12A depicts a perspective view of another compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 12B] FIG. 12B depicts a side view of another compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 12C] FIG. 12C depicts an end view of another compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 12D] FIG. 12D depicts a cross-sectional view of another compression nut according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 13A] FIG. 13A depicts a perspective view of another sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 13B] FIG. 13B depicts a top view of another sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 13C] FIG. 13C depicts an end view of another sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 13D] FIG. 13D depicts a cross-sectional view of another sleeve according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 14]FIG. 14 depicts an installation process according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 15A] FIG. 15A is a flowchart of an installation method according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 15A-1] FIG. 15A-1 continues the flow chart of the installation method according to one or more aspects of the present invention. [Figure 15B] FIG. 15B is a flowchart of an installation method according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 presents a graph of tensile strength as a function of time for materials used in semi-rigid pipes, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 presents a graph of product life as a function of temperature for materials used in semi-rigid pipes, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0010] Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention

[0011]

[0031] Municipal water systems deliver water through a system of reservoirs, channels, and pipes. Typically, water main lines, or "water mains," are buried under or alongside roads. The depth of burial varies depending on the climate of a particular region. A box is inserted in front of a residential or commercial structure ("consumer") to allow the consumer to receive water from the municipal water system. This box is called by various names, including buffalo box (abbreviated b-box), curb box, and valve box.

[0012]

[0032] In many areas, the pipes from the B-box to the consumer may contain or be made of lead, which is known for its toxicity. For other consumers, the pipes from the B-box may corrode and need to be replaced.

[0013]

[0033] Excavating to find such pipes, removing them, and replacing them can be costly and time-consuming, can damage building foundations and landscaping, disrupt automobile and pedestrian traffic, and pose potential safety and / or environmental hazards.

[0014]

[0034] One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide systems, devices, and methods that can repair toxic and / or decayed water infrastructure from the water main to the B-box and from the B-box to the house while reducing or eliminating many or all of the drawbacks of excavation to remove and replace pipes.

[0015]

[0035] Rather than excavating and removing the pipe, both ends of the lead pipe can be cut and semi-rigid pipe (SRP) can be inserted into the bypass pipe. This method prevents lead and other contaminants from entering the water and water leaks. Coupling assemblies at either end of the semi-rigid pipe can be used to join the semi-rigid pipe to existing pipes (or other types of plumbing) at either end, such as a b-box at the outdoor or exterior end and a water meter or other indoor plumbing inside the house, perhaps in the basement (interior end). The coupling assemblies at either end can mate with either threaded or unthreaded existing pipe. For example, to mate with unthreaded copper pipe, the end of the copper pipe can be flared, and a coupler designed to mate with the flared pipe can be used within the coupling assembly. If the pipe is threaded, a coupler designed for threaded couplings can be included in the coupling assembly.

[0016]

[0036] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the coupling assembly is used in conjunction with a semi-rigid pipe. Any suitable semi-rigid pipe can be used. The semi-rigid pipe can comprise a fibrous material, such as a woven or non-woven material that is part of or embedded within the flexible pipe to provide appropriate tensile strength and flexibility. The semi-rigid pipe provides a permeable barrier to the water being treated. Any suitable woven or non-woven material can be present. For example, the woven or non-woven material can be Kevlar®, fiberglass, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, or a combination of materials. The flexible pipe material can be any suitable plastic material, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated PVC, polybutylene, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), such as Elastolan®, each of which can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked.

[0017]

[0037] In one embodiment, examples of polymers that can be used to construct the semi-rigid pipe include cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC. For example, the semi-rigid pipe can have a flexural modulus of 0.25×10 psi or greater, particularly (0.5-5)×10 psi, or (1-3)×10 psi. The semi-rigid pipe can be constructed of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer. Properties of one TPU are listed in Tables 1-3 below and in Figures 16 and 17.

[0018]

[0038] The semi-rigid pipe may also be constructed from other materials such as any woven, extruded, and / or coated conduit.

[0019]

[0039] In this disclosure, semi-rigid pipe refers to a pipe that can change its shape along its length without undergoing irreversible deformation. Such a tube can have a deformed cross-section, for example, a U-shape, and return to an expanded shape, such as an essentially circular cross-section. Semi-rigid pipes have one or more of the following properties: high crush and / or crack resistance, excellent flex fatigue resistance, high bend radius, increased kink resistance, and low moisture resistance. In one non-limiting example, semi-rigid pipes can pass through rigid pipes, such as metal pipes, which can have bends, constrictions, and other deformations without being permanently deformed in processing.

[0020]

[0040] Although this disclosure refers to lead pipes as a non-limiting example of a pipe that is bypassed, other types of pipes can be bypassed by one or more of the disclosed systems, devices, and methods.

[0021]

[0041] A system including a semi-rigid pipe and two coupling assemblies can be National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)-61 approved. More commonly, a system can be NSF / ANSI / CAN61 approved, where ANSI is the American National Standards Institute and CAN is the Canadian national standard.

[0022]

[0042] In a first aspect, a system includes a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, the semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the coupling assemblies being configured to be disposed inside a first existing pipe, the pair of coupling assemblies being disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and comprising a first coupling assembly and a second coupling assembly sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each coupling assembly comprising a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling comprising a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and a mid-section, the compression nut comprising a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the coupling proximal end comprising a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a frictional tight fit and disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple, the coupling distal end being opposite the coupling proximal end and includes a second external thread and is configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; the mid-section is disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and holds the coupling securely in threaded engagement; the compression nut distal end comprises internal threads configured to mate with the first external thread of the coupling and an external surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling; the compression nut proximal end is disposed opposite the compression nut distal end, and the internal surface tapers inwardly from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe and provides a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, and the proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

[0023]

[0043] In a second aspect, the system of the first aspect further comprises a sleeve associated with each coupling assembly, each sleeve comprising a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp a first existing pipe, and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the proximal end of the compression nut.

[0024]

[0044] In a third aspect, the system of the first aspect further comprises at least one coupling assembly including a flare nut having an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of the respective coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end, and an outer surface configured to be securely held to facilitate threading the flare nut onto the coupling, wherein the at least one additional existing pipe has a flared proximal end, and the coupling further comprises a distal end formed to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe.

[0025]

[0045] In a fourth aspect, in the system of the first aspect, at least one of the coupling, compression nut, nut, and sleeve comprises at least one of brass, steel, or plastic.

[0026]

[0046] In a fifth embodiment, in the system of the first embodiment, the outer surface of the nipple is smooth.

[0027]

[0047] In a sixth aspect, in the system of the first aspect, the sleeve comprises a plurality of shells that form a tubular shape when assembled, the plurality of shells being held together by a plurality of fasteners.

[0028]

[0048] In a seventh aspect, in the system of the sixth aspect, the fastener comprises a bolt configured to be received by complementary holes in adjacent pairs of shells.

[0029]

[0049] In an eighth aspect, in the system of the first aspect, the fluid comprises water.

[0030]

[0050] In a ninth aspect, in the system of the eighth aspect, the fluid comprises drinking water.

[0031]

[0051] In a tenth aspect, in the system of the first aspect, the first existing pipe contains a toxic substance.

[0032]

[0052] In an eleventh aspect, in the system of the first aspect, the first additional existing pipe comprises a buffalo box of a water supply system, and the second additional existing pipe comprises a water line within a residential or commercial structure.

[0033]

[0053] In a twelfth aspect, a method comprising: providing the system of the first aspect; passing a semi-rigid pipe through the first existing pipe; using each coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies to couple the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to each of the additional existing pipes; sliding the compression nuts over each end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal ends of the couplings to each of the additional existing pipes; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; threading the compression nuts onto the couplings and pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple; wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, proximal and distal referring to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipes; and the system is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the first pipe to the second pipe of two additional existing pipes and provide a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes.

[0034]

[0054] In a thirteenth aspect, the method of the twelfth aspect includes the steps of providing a sleeve having a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the first existing pipe and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the proximal end of the compression nut, and clamping the first sleeve end and the second sleeve end over the first existing pipe and the proximal end of the compression nut, respectively.

[0035]

[0055] In a fourteenth aspect, the method of the thirteenth aspect further comprises the step of removing kinks in the semi-rigid pipe.

[0036]

[0056] In a fifteenth aspect, the method of the thirteenth aspect further includes at least one flare nut, the at least one flare nut having an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of each coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the distal end of each coupling, and an outer surface configured to be securely held to facilitate threading the flare nut into the coupling, the coupling further having a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe, and the step of connecting the distal end of the coupling to each additional existing pipe for at least one coupling assembly includes the steps of sliding at least one flare nut over each additional existing pipe, flaring the proximal end of each additional existing pipe, fitting the flared proximal end of each additional existing pipe into the distal end of the coupling, and threading the flare nut onto the distal end of the coupling.

[0037]

[0057] In a sixteenth aspect, there is provided a coupling assembly including a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling including a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and an intermediate section, the coupling proximal end including a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a friction-tight fit and disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple, the coupling distal end being disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with a first existing pipe, the intermediate section being disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to hold and securely thread the coupling, the compression nut including a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the compression nut distal end mating with the first external thread of the coupling. and an outer surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling, wherein the compression nut proximal end is disposed opposite the compression nut distal end, the inner surface tapering downwardly from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, the coupling assembly is configured to be disposed over and sealingly coupled to an end of the semi-rigid pipe, the proximal and distal referring to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe, the coupling assembly being configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the semi-rigid pipe to a second, existing pipe disposed at the distal end of the coupling, providing a channel for fluid flow between the semi-rigid pipe and the second, existing pipe disposed at the distal end of the coupling.

[0038]

[0058] In a seventeenth aspect, the coupling further comprises a flare nut having an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of each of the couplings and sealingly connect the first existing pipe to the distal end of the coupling, and an outer surface configured to be securely held to facilitate threading the flare nut into the coupling, wherein the first existing pipe has a flared proximal end, and the coupling further comprises a distal end formed to mate with the flared proximal end of the first existing pipe.

[0039]

[0059] In an eighteenth aspect, in the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, the coupling, the compression nut, the nut, and the sleeve comprise at least one of brass, steel, or plastic.

[0040]

[0060] In a nineteenth aspect, in the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, the outer surface of the nipple is smooth.

[0041]

[0061] In a twentieth aspect, in the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, the sleeve comprises a plurality of shells that, when assembled, form a tubular shape, and the plurality of shells are held together by a plurality of fasteners.

[0042]

[0062] In a twenty-first aspect, in the assembly of the twentieth aspect, the fastener comprises a bolt configured to be received by complementary holes in adjacent pairs of shells.

[0043]

[0063] In a twenty-second embodiment, in the assembly of the sixteenth embodiment, the fluid comprises water.

[0044]

[0064] In a twenty-third aspect, in the assembly of the twenty-second aspect, the fluid comprises drinking water.

[0045]

[0065] In a twenty-fourth aspect, a method includes providing a system configured for fluid flow, threading a semi-rigid pipe through at least one underground pipe, and coupling a semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of an additional existing pipe using a respective coupling assembly of a pair of coupling assemblies, the system including a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, the semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, configured to be disposed inside the at least one underground pipe, the pair of coupling assemblies including a first assembly and a second assembly disposed over the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each assembly including a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling including a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and an intermediate section, the coupling proximal end having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a close friction fit, a nipple configured to be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread having a diameter larger than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple, the distal end of the coupling including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes, the coupling being disposed opposite the proximal end of the coupling, the mid-section being disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread to hold the coupling securely in threaded engagement; the compression nut having a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an inner surface, the compression nut distal end including an internal thread configured to mate with the first external thread of the coupling and an outer surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling, the compression nut proximal end being disposed opposite the compression nut distal end, the inner surface being configured to press the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal when the compression nut is threaded onto the coupling;The compression nut is tapered inward from its distal end to its proximal end, and the step of coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to each of the additional existing pipes is performed by sliding the compression nut over each end of the semi-rigid pipe, connecting the distal end of the coupling to each of the additional existing pipes, sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple, and threading the compression nut onto the coupling and pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe and provides a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, wherein proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipes.

[0046]

[0066] In a 25th aspect, the method of the 24th aspect further includes the steps of providing a sleeve and clamping, the sleeve having a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the at least one underground pipe and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the proximal end of the compression nut, and the clamping step clamps the first sleeve end and the second sleeve end over the at least one underground pipe and the proximal end of the compression nut, respectively.

[0047]

[0067] In a twenty-sixth aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect further comprises the step of removing kinks in the semi-rigid pipe.

[0048]

[0068] In a 27th aspect, the method of the 24th aspect further includes at least one flare nut, the at least one flare nut having an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of each coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the distal end of each coupling, and an outer surface configured to be securely held to facilitate threading the flare nut into the coupling, the coupling further having a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe, and the step of connecting the distal end of the coupling to each of the additional existing pipes for at least one coupling assembly includes the steps of sliding at least one flare nut over each of the additional existing pipes, flaring the proximal end of each of the additional existing pipes, fitting the flared proximal end of each of the additional existing pipes into the distal end of the coupling, and threading the flare nut into the distal end of the coupling.

[0049]

[0069] In a 28th aspect, in the system of the first aspect, the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

[0050]

[0070] In a twenty-ninth embodiment, in the method of the twelfth embodiment, the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

[0051]

[0071] In a 30th aspect, in the connection assembly of the 16th aspect, the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group including cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

[0052]

[0072] In a thirty-first aspect, in the method of the twenty-fourth aspect, the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

[0053]

[0073] In a thirty-second aspect, in the system of the first aspect, the nipple is tapered to fit the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

[0054]

[0074] In a thirty-third aspect, the method of the twelfth aspect, wherein the nipple is tapered to match the tapered interior surface of the compression nut.

[0055]

[0075] In a thirty-fourth aspect, in the coupling assembly of the sixteenth aspect, the nipple is tapered to fit the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

[0056]

[0076] In a thirty-fifth aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect, wherein the nipple is tapered to match the tapered interior surface of the compression nut.

[0057]

[0077] In a thirty-sixth aspect, a system including a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end and configured to be disposed inside an existing plumbing pipe, the pair of coupling assemblies comprising a first assembly and a second assembly disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each assembly comprising a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling comprising a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and an intermediate section, the coupling proximal end having a first outer diameter and including a nipple configured to be received by a friction-tight fit and disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple, the coupling distal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes. and a compression nut proximal end, the compression nut distal end including internal threads configured to mate with the first external thread of the coupling and an external surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling; the compression nut proximal end being positioned opposite the compression nut distal end, the internal surface tapering inwardly from the distal end of the compression nut to the proximal end of the compression nut such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; the system being configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, wherein proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

[0058]

[0078] In a 37th aspect, in an upper system comprising a plurality of systems of the first aspect, adjacent systems of the plurality of systems are arranged at opposite ends of existing piping and configured to allow fluid flow from a first end of the upper system to a second end of the upper system.

[0059]

[0079] In a 38th aspect, in the upper system of the 37th aspect, the plurality of systems includes two systems, and the existing piping includes a B box.

[0060]

[0080] 1A depicts a semi-rigid pipe 100 having a first end 110 and a second end 120 opposite the first end. The SRP can have a lower friction value (e.g., Manning "N" value) than the existing pipe through which it passes, creating a smoother conduit for carrying fluids such as water.

[0061]

[0081] 1B depicts a semi-rigid pipe 100 folded into a U-shape and held in place with periodic straps 130. The folded U-shape allows the semi-rigid pipe 100 to be inserted into a second pipe 140, such as a plumbing pipe. Pressurizing the semi-rigid pipe 100 ruptures the straps 130, allowing the semi-rigid pipe 100 to expand and fill the second pipe 140.

[0062]

[0082] Although the SRP can fit pipes 1 / 2 inch in diameter or larger, there is no technical reason to prohibit fitting smaller diameter pipes.

[0063]

[0083] FIG. 2 provides a cross-sectional view of the repaired area. House 204 receives water from a water main 208 buried under road 212. B-box 216 provides access to water shutoff valve 220. Prior to repair, water entered house 204 through lead water line (pipe) 224. During the repair process according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, semi-rigid pipe 100 is inserted inside water line 224. Semi-rigid pipe 100 acts as a barrier between water line 224 and water entering house 204's piping system 228. Unlike remove-and-replace repair methods, which require excavation from at least b-box 216 to basement 228, the excavation 232 required to perform the repair of the present disclosure is only a much smaller area immediately surrounding b-box 216. Furthermore, remove-and-replace construction requires removing existing pipe 224 through the underground foundation and inserting a new water line, potentially damaging the foundation. The semi-rigid pipe 100 is connected to existing water supply pipes 236, 240 in the house 204 and b-box 212 by an internal coupling assembly (ICA) 244 and an external coupling assembly (ECA) 248, respectively. Both coupling assemblies, internal 244 and external 248, can function at either end of the semi-rigid pipe 100. However, the two coupling assemblies 244, 248 can differ in how they connect (merge) to the existing water supply pipe. The internal coupling assembly 244 can connect directly to a water meter without an intermediate section of pipe, reducing the opportunity for consumers to bypass the water meter. Coupling assemblies are described in more detail below.

[0064]

[0084] 2 depicts a system connecting b-box 216 to a consumer's internal water supply system 228, the present invention also provides systems for connecting other piping. For example, a system similar to that depicted in FIG. 2 can be installed from b-box 216 to water main 208.

[0065]

[0085] For example, a supervising system can include multiple systems with adjacent systems located on either side of existing piping, where the supervising system is configured to allow fluid flow from a first end of the supervising system to a second end of the supervising system. As an example, the supervising system can include a b-box 216 between the first system and the second system.

[0066]

[0086] A simplified cross-sectional view of a system 300 according to one or more embodiments is depicted in FIG. 3. The system 300 includes a semi-rigid pipe 100 inserted into a first existing pipe 304, e.g., a plumbing pipe 224 between a b-box and a house. Coupling assemblies 244, 248 provide a leak-free, fluid-tight seal between the semi-rigid pipe 100 and the existing pipes 236, 240. The semi-rigid pipe 100 extends into each coupling assembly 236, 240 further than the first existing pipe 304. The coupling assemblies 244, 248 may be identical or different. As an example, the existing pipes 236, 240 to which the coupling assemblies 244, 249 are connected may require a flare fitting, an NPT threaded fitting, or some other type. A wither-type coupling assembly may occur at either end of the system 300.

[0067]

[0087] FIG. 4A presents an embodiment of a coupling assembly 248 and sleeve 404 that couples the semi-rigid pipe 100 to the existing pipe 240. The coupling assembly 248 includes a coupling 408 having a nipple (not shown) through which the semi-rigid pipe 100 slides, and a compression nut 416 that fits over the semi-rigid pipe 100 and threads onto the coupling 408, compressing the semi-rigid pipe 100 against the nipple to form a leak-tight, fluid-tight fit. The other end of the coupling 408 is threaded for connection to the existing pipe 240. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the coupling 408 has a taper on the opposite end that mates and seals with the flared end of the existing pipe 240. A flare nut 412 fits over the existing pipe 240 and threads onto the coupling 408 to form a leak-tight, fluid-tight fit between the coupling 408 and the existing pipe 240 when the proximal end of the existing pipe 240 is flared. This embodiment can be used in locations where it is difficult to bypass a water meter, such as a b-box. Figure 4A shows a mockup of a b-box in which the shut-off valve 220 will be placed. The sleeve 404 can be configured to clamp at one end to the unthreaded end of a compression nut 416 and at the other end to the pipe 304. The sleeve can be composed of, for example, two half-shells that can be fastened together by bolts 420. When the fasteners are tightened, the sleeve 404 is clamped to the compression nut 412 and the pipe 304. Figure 4B provides an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 4A.

[0068]

[0088] FIG. 4C provides a view of the coupling assembly 248 of FIGS. 4A and 4B having a second sleeve 424 that uses eight bolts 428 for clamping rather than the four bolts 420 used with sleeve 404.

[0069]

[0089] FIG. 4D provides a view of the coupling assembly 248 along with both the second sleeve 424 and an open view 425 of the second sleeve. In the open view, it can be seen that the sleeve 424 receives the plumbing pipe (i.e., any pipe being bypassed) 304 and the coupling 416 up to the point where shoulders 427, 429 stop further insertion of either the pipe 304 or the coupling 416. In one or more embodiments, the semi-rigid pipe may be the Aquaman L semi-rigid pipe 101. However, semi-rigid pipe is believed to be more broadly applicable. The sleeve in this embodiment can be thought of as two half shells that can be fastened together with screws, bolts, clamps, or other suitable means. Bringing the sleeve halves together secures both the coupling assembly 248 (particularly the coupler 416) and the plumbing pipe (or other existing pipe being bypassed) 304 in place.

[0070]

[0090] FIG. 5A illustrates a coupling assembly 244 and sleeve 404 that can be used outside the home or generally within the home, depending on the type of existing pipe to which the coupling assembly 244 is connected. Features of one or more previously presented coupling assemblies and sleeves will not be repeated here. The coupling assembly 244 differs from the coupling assemblies described above because the coupling assembly 244 does not use a flare nut. Instead, the 408 threads thread directly onto the water meter, valve 504, etc. These threads can conform to the National Pipe Thread (NPT) standard. In one or more embodiments, the coupling assembly 244 shown in FIG. 5A can be an internal coupling assembly. As previously mentioned, there is no fundamental reason why various coupling assemblies cannot be used in multiple types of locations. However, the coupling assembly shown in FIG. 5A is more useful for preventing water meter bypass.

[0071]

[0091] The coupling assembly includes at least a coupling and a compression nut. In some coupling assemblies, a flare nut may also be incorporated.

[0072]

[0092] In the present disclosure, the proximal and distal ends of the part, particularly the proximal and distal ends, are used to provide orientation of the part relative to the semi-rigid pipe, for example, the proximal end of the part is configured to be closer to the semi-rigid pipe than the distal end.

[0073]

[0093] 5B depicts a portion of the system located inside a home, perhaps in the basement. In the example shown, a semi-rigid pipe 100 extending from outside the home, e.g., from a b-box, enters through the basement floor and couples to an in-home distribution line 550 via an internal coupling assembly 244. The in-home distribution line 550 may include a water inlet valve 504. Water flows through the system from the bottom to the top, as indicated by the arrows.

[0074]

[0094] Referring to FIG. 6A, the coupling 408 is shown in a perspective view. The coupling proximal end 604 includes a nipple 608 configured to fit snugly within the semi-rigid pipe 100 with a friction-tight fit. The outer surface of the nipple 608 can be a smooth cylinder. As used herein, the terms "smooth" and "smoothly" refer to a surface that is designed and manufactured to be essentially constant or vary monotonically as a function of position along the part. The nipple has an outer diameter 609 and an inner diameter 610, as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6D, respectively. In other embodiments of the invention, the outer surface of the nipple may not be smooth. The outer surface of the nipple may be etched, barbed, or otherwise prepared in a non-smooth manner as defined herein. Adjacent to the nipple 608 at its distal end is an external thread 612 having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe 100. The external thread 612 is configured to receive an internal thread on the distal end of the compression nut 416.

[0075]

[0095] A distal end 616 of the coupling 408 is disposed opposite the coupling proximal end 604 and has an inner diameter 618. The distal end includes external threads 620 for creating a secure, leak-free, fluid-tight connection with a pipe or plumbing fixture, such as a water meter or valve. In one or more embodiments, the distal end 616 of the coupling 408 further includes a shaped surface 624 to mate with a pipe with a flared end to form a fluid-tight connection.

[0076]

[0096] 6A-6D , mid-section 628 is positioned between external threads 612, 620 and is configured to securely hold and securely thread coupling 408. The illustrated embodiment is configured to be held by a wrench. In one or more embodiments, the outer surface of mid-section 628 can be knurled or include any other surface that allows for threading and unthreading of coupling 408 with the rest of the coupling assembly.

[0077]

[0097] 7A , compression nut 416 includes a distal end 704 having internal threads 708 configured to mate with external threads 612 on the proximal end of coupling 408. Compression nut distal end 704 includes an outer surface 710 configured to be securely held to allow compression nut 416 to thread onto coupling 408. Compression nut proximal end 712 is disposed opposite compression nut distal end 704.

[0078]

[0098] The inner surface 716 of the compression nut 416 tapers inward from the compression nut distal end (threaded end in FIG. 7D ) 704 to the compression nut proximal end 712 so that threading the compression nut 416 onto the coupling 408 presses the semi-rigid pipe 100 against the nipple 608 to form a fluid-tight seal. The taper can be smoothly formed from between the two ends 704, 712 of the compression nut 416, although other tapers that form a fluid-tight seal between the semi-rigid pipe 100 and the nipple 608 can also be used.

[0079]

[0099] The proximal end 712 of the compression nut 416 includes a cylindrical outer surface 720 having an outer diameter 724 and an inner diameter 728, as shown in Figures 7B and 7D, respectively. The outer surface 720 can be clamped by a sleeve.

[0080]

[0100] In one or more embodiments, the coupling assembly further includes a flare nut 412. Referring to Figures 8A-8D, the flare nut 412 can include a proximal end 804 having internal threads 808 configured to mate with external threads 620 on the distal end 616 of the coupling 408 and sealingly connect the flared proximal end of the pre-existing pipe 240 to the distal end 616 of the coupling 408. The outer surface 812 of the proximal end 804 of the flare nut 412 is configured to provide a secure hold to facilitate threading the flare nut 412 onto the coupling 408. The distal end 816 of the flare nut 412 has an inner diameter 820 that allows the flare nut 412 to slide onto the pre-existing pipe 240 before flaring the pipe end, but not after flaring. The outer diameter 824 of the distal end 816 of the flare nut 412 is shown in Figure 8B.

[0081]

[0101] 9A and 9B provide plan and end views, respectively, of one embodiment of a sleeve 424. The sleeve 424 includes multiple shell sections 904, 908. These shell sections 904, 908 can be fastened together, for example, with multiple bolts 428 inserted into respective holes 910, such that a first sleeve end 912 can receive and securely clamp an existing pipe (e.g., plumbing 304) into which the semi-rigid pipe 100 can be inserted, and a second sleeve end 916 can receive and securely clamp the proximal end 712 of the compression nut 416. The interior dimensions of the sleeve 424 can be such that it can provide limitations regarding the extent to which the pipe and compression nut 416 can be inserted within the sleeve, while the sleeve 424 is configured to allow the semi-rigid pipe 100 to pass from the first sleeve end to the second sleeve end.

[0082]

[0102] 10A-10D depict a second coupling 1000 that has many similarities to those previously described and will not be repeated here. One distinguishing feature is that the external threads 1012 are longer axially along the coupling 1000 than the internal threads 608. External threads of various lengths can be used without departing from the intended coupling.

[0083]

[0103] A second distinguishing feature is the tapered outer surface of the nipple 1008, moving from the external threads 1012 toward the free end of the nipple 1008. This taper angle 1077 is depicted in FIG. 10D. The taper angle can be any angle greater than 0° and less than 180°. In one embodiment, the taper angle is between 90° and 120°. In another embodiment, the taper angle is between 90° and 100°. In yet another embodiment, the angle is between 90° and 95°. In another embodiment, the taper angle is 91°.

[0084]

[0104] 11A-11D show a third coupling 1100 that has many similarities to the first coupling, particularly the second coupling 1000, described in connection with FIGS. 10A-10D. One difference is that the third coupling 1100 lacks the coupling surfaces indicated by 624 and 1024 and is therefore not designed to mate with flared pipe. Instead, the external threads 1120 on the distal end of the coupling 1100 extend to the distal end of the coupling. The third coupling 1100 also includes a tapered nipple, as described with respect to the second coupling 1000. The external threads 1120 on the distal end of the coupling 1100 may be National Pipe Thread (NPT) threads.

[0085]

[0105] 12A-12D depict a second compression nut 1200. The second compression nut 1200 is similar in many respects to the compression nut described above in connection with FIGS. 7A-7D. Similar features are not repeated. The difference between the compression nuts is that the second compression nut 1200 includes an outer surface 1210 that is axially longer than the outer surface 710 of the first compression nut. Additionally, the internal threads 1208 cover a larger axial extent than the internal threads 708. In one or more embodiments, the internal threads 1208 can extend as close as possible to the proximal end of the second compression nut 1200.

[0086]

[0106] Another difference is that second compression nut (or adapter) 1200 includes a tapered inner surface 1216. The taper angle 1217 is 90° less than taper angle 1077. Thus, if the coupling's taper angle 1077 is 91°, then taper angle 1217 is 1°. Thus, when second compression nut 1200 is threaded onto a coupling with a tapered nipple, the tapered nipple surface and the tapered inner surface 1216 maintain an equal separation between them that decreases as second compression nut 1200 is threaded onto the coupling, compressing the semi-rigid pipe between the two surfaces to form a watertight (or liquid-tight) seal. This angular relationship of the tapered components allows for compensation for differences in the semi-rigid pipe, such as differences in wall thickness, possibly due to manufacturing tolerances, without compromising the quality of the seal formed between the semi-rigid pipe and the coupling.

[0087] 13A-13D depict another sleeve 1300. The sleeve includes a first end 1310, a second end 1320 opposite the first end 1310, and a middle section 1330 disposed between the first end 1310 and the second end 1320. The end sections 1310, 1320 taper toward the narrower middle section 1330. Only semi-rigid pipe passes through the middle section 1330. The first end 1310 is attached above the pipe to be bypassed (e.g., a plumbing pipe), and the second end 1320 is attached to a coupling. The sleeve 1300 comprises two half shells fastened together using fasteners, such as bolts, that pass through holes 1340. Other forms of fasteners, such as clips, adhesives, or wire wrapping, can also be used.

[0088]

[0101] Figure 14 depicts the installation process at a location having features previously identified in Figure 2 and will not be repeated here. Figure 14 illustrates a semi-rigid pipe 100 being routed through an existing pipe 304 (e.g., a buried lead water line) that passes between a house or other structure and a water shut-off valve in a b-box. As shown here, the semi-rigid pipe 100 is routed from the house to the b-box. As a practical matter, any direction in which the semi-rigid pipe 100 is routed can be determined, but the basic reasons do not prevent it from being routed in either direction.

[0089]

[0102] Figures 15A, 15A-1 present a flowchart outlining one or more aspects of a method for installing a system described herein that can be used, for example, for the purification of contaminated drinking water.

[0090]

[0103] The water is turned off at the b-box and the home (or other type of building) S1502, which supplies water from the water main. The current connection in the basement between the existing plumbing in the home and the buried lead water line is disconnected. This existing plumbing that runs between the home and the B-box is also called the host pipe. Water can be sucked out of the host pipe from the occupancy side (e.g., basement side) (S1504). A wet-dry vacuum can be used for this purpose.

[0091]

[0104] A camera can be passed through the host pipe (S1506) to determine if the host pipe is a candidate for remediation with semi-rigid pipe (S1508). If the host pipe is not a candidate (S1510), the water supply is safely and securely reconnected (S1550) and any holes that may have been created in S1552 are filled. Other means of remediating lead pipe contamination of the domestic (drinking) water supply must be used.

[0092] If the host pipe is a candidate, the process can proceed as follows: For example, a minimally invasive access hole approximately 5 feet by 5 feet is dug into the b-box, and the access hole is reinforced to secure the entrance (S1512). If the repair process occurs later, any water reconnected after the initial determination must be disconnected again at the house and the b-box.

[0093]

[0106] A leader is routed from the house through the pipe to be repaired to a b-box, where it is connected to the wire cable (S1514). Using the leader, the wire cable is pulled into the house (S1516). Inside the house, a semi-rigid pipe is connected to the wire cable (S1518). Both the wire cable and the semi-rigid pipe (with lubricant on top) are pulled through the host pipe, i.e., the pipe to be repaired (S1520). The wire cable and semi-rigid pipe can be pulled manually or with equipment (e.g., a winch).

[0094]

[0107] The semi-rigid pipe is connected to the water meter inside the house and connected at the end of the b box (S1522). In some cases, a pipe such as a copper pipe can be installed in the b box and the semi-rigid pipe can be connected at the end of the b box. The connection details are as follows:

[0095]

[0108] Once the connection is made, the water is returned at S1524. The semi-rigid pipe is pressurized (S1526), ​​causing the wrap 130 around the semi-rigid pipe that maintains the semi-rigid pipe in a U-shape upon insertion into the repair pipe to rupture, allowing the semi-rigid pipe to expand and fill the repair pipe. The system can then be pressurized and tested (S1528) to fill the minimally invasive hole (S1530).

[0096]

[0109] As outlined in the flowchart of FIG. 15B, connecting the semi-rigid pipe to the house water meter (or other plumbing) and the b-box (or pipe attached to the b-box) involves sliding a compression nut onto the semi-rigid pipe S1532. The semi-rigid pipe is slid over the nipple of the coupling (S1534). While ensuring that the semi-rigid pipe is not twisted (S1538), the compression nut is tightened onto the external threads near the proximal end of the coupling S1536 (S1536). A sleeve is secured from the compression nut onto the repair pipe (S1540).

[0097]

[0110] At the installer's discretion, set a compression nut or flare nut on the top of the pipe (for example, a b-box). If using a flare nut, flare the pipe where the flare nut is set. Tighten the nut on the coupling to couple the pipe to the coupling.

[0098]

[0107] The couplings, compression nuts, flare nuts, and sleeves may comprise metal (brass, steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, etc.), plastic, other materials suitable for piping, or any combination thereof.

[0099]

[0111] Although the present invention has used municipal water systems that supply water to homes through lead pipes as a non-limiting example, the present invention may be applied to non-municipal locations, fluids other than water, fluid conduits other than lead pipes, and consumers other than residential and commercial structures.

[0100]

[0112] Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

[0113] Technical Data, Specifications, and Installation Instructions

[0101]

[0114] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure can improve public safety and provide environmental protection for trenchless technology applications, for example, addressing the presence of lead in drinking water. Embodiments allow for robust rehabilitation of water main lateral lines from the b-box, typically located between the curb line and the sidewalk line, to the residential entry point. Excavation can be limited to the b-box, with no other property or site demolition required. A semi-rigid pipe, with coupling assemblies installed on both ends of the lead pipe, is pulled through the existing lead pipe, completing the system in a fraction of the time and cost of outdated excavation and replacement work for lead pipe rehabilitation.

[0102]

[0115] One or more aspects of the present disclosure can provide a unilateral solution for restoring clean running water to all communities, regardless of size or location. These one or more aspects of the present disclosure can provide a safer and faster way to restore clean running water at a fraction of the high cost of removing and replacing water lines to homes, thus enabling more communities to restore these critical water assets.

[0103]

[0116] Homeowners and local businesses' properties are protected with minimal ground disturbance during installation. Disturbance to nearby vehicular and pedestrian traffic is similarly reduced with installation production rates that are 5-10 times greater than the production rates of removal and replacement methods.

[0104]

[0117] Technical Data Sheet

[0105]

[0118] Coupling Assembly Product Data

[0106]

[0119] The system's coupling assembly is engineered and consists of an external coupling assembly (ECA) and an internal coupling assembly (ICA). The assembly is NSF / ANSI 372 certified and complies with the lead content requirements for lead-free plumbing as defined by the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act.

[0107]

[0120] As described in this document, the ECA may be a brass connection assembly that is mechanically attached to the incoming water line at the B-box and links the water line from the water main to the semi-rigid pipe (SRP).

[0108]

[0121] Like the ECA, the ICA is mechanically attached to a semi-rigid pipe and linked to an interior water line located within the residence. Detailed mechanical properties of the fittings for the coupling assembly are provided in the NSF-61 Approval section of this disclosure. The brass fittings provide a high level of joint integrity, allowing for an uncompromised connection to the SRP.

[0109]

[0122] A four-piece coupling assembly can consist of three fittings and one sleeve. A non-limiting example of a coupling assembly is shown in Figure 4D. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the sleeve may not be present. Technical Data Sheet Intra-system connections NSF-61 Approval - Coupling Assembly

[0110]

[0123] Table 1 reproduces the list of products that meet the requirements of NSF / ANSI / CAN61 - Components of Drinking Water Systems - Health Effects, recorded on June 21, 2022. In this table, the products are certified to NSF / ANSI 372 and comply with the lead content requirements for "lead-free" piping as defined by California, Vermont, Maryland, and Louisiana laws and the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act. In addition to the mechanical devices included in Table 1, water couplings and meter flanges whose water-contacting material is steel and are between 1 / 2 and 3 inches in size can be used. Furthermore, piping of other dimensions can be used, with the disclosed systems, methods, and assemblies being manufactured, installed, and used in any suitable dimensions.

[0111]

[0124] In the table, C denotes copper solder joint, CF copper x female thread, CM copper x female thread, EH extra heavy, LF lead-free, and XXXX is a four-digit number representing the size. All low-lead and lead-free part numbers have the LF suffix. The term "D.Hot" refers to domestic hot water, defined as 60°C (140°F). [Table 1]

[0112]

[0125] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the semi-rigid pipe can have a tested burst pressure of greater than 500 pounds per square inch (psi). Unlike cured-in-place pipe methods, semi-rigid pipe can be installed without the use of epoxy, heat, or steam in the curing process.

[0113]

[0126] The semi-rigid pipe can be pulled or reeled by cable to the host water supply line (i.e., the water supply line being bypassed, such as a lead pipe). The semi-rigid pipe is pre-formed, U-shaped, and banded with an outer protective tape layer, allowing for multiple bends and turns in the water supply line path, if necessary. The ends of the semi-rigid pipe can be securely closed during installation, eliminating the possibility of lead or other contaminants entering the new pipe.

[0114]

[0127] The connection of the semi-rigid pipe to the system's end couplings and hardware assemblies is made with b-boxes, which can be placed between the curb line and the residential sidewalk. The new water line can then be pressurized, opening the U-shaped pipe and expanding it to the inside diameter of the original pipe (e.g., lead pipe), while maintaining the required design pressure on the host pipe. Once the repair is complete, the result is a new water line with no annular space between it and the previous one. The new service line has a lower friction value (Manning "N" value), creating a smoother conduit for transporting water.

[0115]

[0128] In one or more embodiments, the semi-rigid pipe has the properties of Tables 2-4. Table 2 contains information from the NSF / ANSI / CAN61 listing on drinking water system components - health effects. Both entries are certified for equivalent metric sizes of 19.0mm-304.8mm. The water contact temperature code CLD indicates that the test was conducted in cold water at 23±2°C. The water contact material code PUR indicates polyurethane. [Table 2] [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0116]

[0129] Product Installation

[0117]

[0130] The following installation procedure provides a step-by-step process following the excavation of the soil surrounding Box B. This three-step process consists of the following elements:

[0118]

[0131] ·Water line preparation and inspection stage

[0119]

[0132] Installation stage

[0120]

[0133] Post-installation stage

[0121]

[0134] Water line preparation and inspection stage

[0122]

[0135] Before removing any components of the water line, the b-box valve is turned to the OFF position to shut off flow from the water main. The inflow water supply line valve within the home or building is also switched to the OFF position. The existing line couplings / fittings are removed at both the b-box junction and the source of the inflow water within the home or building.

[0123]

[0136] A cable-powered CCTV micro-camera unit can be used to video record the entire length of the water line (i.e., the pipe to be bypassed, e.g., lead pipe). The results can be inspected to assess the condition of the lead pipe, paying particular attention to bends, kinks, pinch points, or other obstructions that may prevent reinstatement. If the line is determined to be a viable candidate for repair, the installation process begins.

[0124]

[0137] Conversely, if a lead pipe is determined to be beyond its return, the line may be tagged for removal and replacement. The original coupling can be reinstalled, and water flow can be reestablished at the b-box valve and end / in-source. Water lines within a residence or business should be allowed to run continuously for 1.5 hours before use to remove any traces of lead that may be present.

[0125]

[0138] Product Installation (cont.)

[0126]

[0139] Installation Phase

[0127]

[0140] Removal of original connection fittings

[0128]

[0141] After removing the existing line couplings / fittings at the junction between the b-box and the incoming water supply inside the house or building, traces of lead in the form of dust, particles, and loose material should be removed. It is recommended that a vacuum be drawn on the open end of the existing line to remove any traces of lead.

[0129]

[0142] Replacement pipe installation

[0130]

[0143] Using a cut-to-length section of semi-rigid pipe (SRP), a steel cable (e.g., 1 / 8"-inch diameter) can be attached to the interior end of the SRP inside a home or building. The spooled SRP is folded laterally into a U-shape, as shown in Figure 1B, allowing for unobstructed installation through existing lead pipe. The SRP is then hand-tugged or reeled in at the b-box, pulling the new pipe toward the water main and terminating at the b-box valve. However, there is no fundamental reason why SRP cannot be routed in the opposite direction through existing lead pipe.

[0131]

[0144] Coupling connection

[0132]

[0145] With sufficient SRP exposed at each end of the pipe fitting, the coupling disclosed herein, including the three-piece fitting and sleeve, can be mechanically connected. Visual inspection can be performed on each segment of the new connection to ensure a mechanically sound fit has been achieved.

[0133]

[0146] SRP Compression

[0134]

[0147] The installation contractor can return the b-box valve to the open position, allowing water to flow freely along the entire water supply line. Pressurization of the new water supply line will allow the U-shaped SRP to open and expand to the original pipe diameter while maintaining the required design pressure of the host pipe. A final inspection can be performed to ensure the coupling assembly is leak-free before backfilling the b-box.

[0148] Semi-rigid pipe test data

[0135]

[0149] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the semi-rigid pipe can include a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer. Tables 5-8 provide the results of tests conducted by BASF on Elastollan TPU. Table 5 shows the results of durability tests conducted in 60°C water for over 9 years. [Table 5] JPEG2025529080000007.jpg237165

[0136]

[0150] FIG. 16 presents a graph showing the tensile strength of Elastollan® as a function of time.

[0137]

[0151] Figure 17 depicts the product life of Elastollan® in water (pH=7): time to reach 20 MPa tensile strength limit (days 1710 and hours 1720) as a function of temperature.

[0138]

[0152] Tables 6-8 show the durability results of Elastollan® at chlorine concentrations of 0.5 ppm, 5 ppm, and 15 ppm, respectively, in chlorine at 23° C. The duration of each of these three tests was 12 weeks. [Table 6] JPEG2025529080000009.jpg96165 [Table 7] JPEG2025529080000011.jpg123165 [Table 8] JPEG2025529080000013.jpg153165

[0139]

[0153] To ensure health and safety, installers of one or more aspects of the present disclosure will ensure that material handling and site staging is performed in accordance with safety data sheets and installation information. As such, installers are encouraged to perform both pre-installation and post-installation inspections of both the coupling assembly and the flexible pipe.

[0140]

[0154] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference was individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and was set forth in its entirety herein.

[0141]

[0155] Use of the terms "a," "an," "the," and "at least one," and similar referents in the context of describing the present invention (particularly in the context of the claims) should be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Use of the term "at least one" followed by a list of one or more items (e.g., "at least one of A and B") should be construed to mean one item selected from the listed items (A or B), or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "including" should be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to") unless otherwise noted. The recitation of ranges of values ​​herein is intended merely to serve as a shorthand method for individually referencing each separate value within that range, unless otherwise stated herein, and each separate value is incorporated herein as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise stated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples or exemplary language (e.g., "etc.") provided herein is intended merely to better clarify the invention and does not limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0142]

[0156] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of these preferred embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect that skilled artisans will employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend that the invention be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Furthermore, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the present invention unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.

Claims

1. 1. A system comprising a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, The semi-rigid pipe comprises a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, and is configured to be disposed inside a first existing pipe; the pair of coupling assemblies includes a first coupling assembly and a second coupling assembly disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively; Each coupling assembly includes a coupling and a compression nut; the coupling comprises a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and a mid-section; the compression nut comprising a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an interior surface; The coupling proximal end includes a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a tight friction fit and disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe, and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed on the distal end of the nipple. Including, the coupling distal end is disposed opposite the coupling proximal end, includes a second external thread, and is configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; the intermediate section is disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread to retain and securely thread the coupling; a compression nut distal end having internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling and an exterior surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threaded onto the coupling; Equipped with the compression nut proximal end is positioned opposite the compression nut distal end; the inner surface tapers inwardly from the distal end of the compression nut to the proximal end of the compression nut such that threading of the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; The system is configured to be liquid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, wherein the proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

2. Further comprising a sleeve associated with each coupling assembly, each sleeve comprising: a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp a first existing pipe; a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the proximal end of the compression nut; The system of claim 1 , comprising:

3. At least one coupling assembly further comprises a flare nut, said flare nut comprising: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of each coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end; an exterior surface configured to be securely retained to facilitate threading of the flare nut onto the coupling; Equipped with the at least one additional existing pipe includes a flared proximal end; 3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coupling further comprises a distal end configured to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe.

4. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the coupling, the compression nut, the nut, and the sleeve comprises at least one of brass, steel, or plastic.

5. The system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer surface of the nipple is smooth.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sleeve comprises a plurality of shells that when assembled form a tubular shape, the shells being held together by a plurality of fasteners.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the fastener comprises a bolt configured to be received by complementary holes in adjacent pairs of shells.

8. The system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fluid comprises water.

9. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fluid comprises drinking water.

10. The system of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first existing pipe contains toxic materials.

11. 11. The system of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first additional existing pipe comprises a buffalo box of a water supply system and the second additional existing pipe comprises a water line within a residential or commercial structure.

12. Providing a system according to any one of claims 1 to 11; threading a semi-rigid pipe through the first existing pipe; Using each coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies, connect the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to each of the additional existing pipes; sliding the compression nuts over each end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal end of the coupling to each additional existing pipe; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; threading the compression nut onto the coupling to press the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple; and combining by A method comprising: the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe; Proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe; The method, wherein the system is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from a first pipe to a second pipe of two additional existing pipes and provide a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes.

13. 13. The method of claim 12, providing a sleeve having a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the first existing pipe and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the proximal end of the compression nut; clamping the first sleeve end and the second sleeve end over the first existing pipe and the proximal end of the compression nut, respectively; A method comprising:

14. 14. The method of claim 12 or 13, further comprising removing kinks in the semi-rigid pipe.

15. The at least one flare nut further comprises: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of each coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end; an exterior surface configured to be securely retained to facilitate threading of the flare nut onto the coupling; Equipped with the coupling further comprising a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe; For at least one coupling assembly, the step of connecting the distal end of the coupling to each additional existing pipe comprises: sliding at least one flare nut over each additional existing pipe; flaring the proximal end of each additional existing pipe; mating a flared proximal end of each of the additional existing pipes with the distal end of the coupling; threading the flare nut onto the distal end of the coupling; 14. The method of claim 12 or 13, comprising:

16. 1. A coupling assembly comprising a coupling and a compression nut, the coupling comprising a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and a mid-section; the coupling proximal end includes a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a close friction fit and disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed on the distal end of the nipple; the coupling distal end is disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including the second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with a first existing pipe; the intermediate section is disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to retain and securely thread the coupling; the compression nut comprising a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an interior surface; the compression nut distal end includes internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling and an exterior surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threadedly engaged with the coupling; the compression nut proximal end is disposed opposite the compression nut distal end, and the inner surface tapers downwardly from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading of the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; the coupling assembly is configured to be positioned over and sealingly coupled to an end of the semi-rigid pipe; the proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe; The coupling assembly is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the semi-rigid pipe to a second, existing pipe disposed therein, providing a channel for fluid flow between the semi-rigid pipe and a second, existing pipe disposed at a distal end of the coupling.

17. The flare nut further includes: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of each of the couplings and sealingly connect the first existing pipe to the distal end of the coupling; an exterior surface configured to be securely retained to facilitate threading of the flare nut onto the coupling; Equipped with the first existing pipe having a flared proximal end; 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the coupling further comprises a distal end configured to mate with the flared proximal end of the first existing pipe.

18. 18. The assembly of claim 16 or 17, wherein the coupling, the compression nut, the nut, and the sleeve comprise at least one of brass, steel, or plastic.

19. An assembly according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the outer surface of the nipple is smooth.

20. 20. The assembly of any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the sleeve comprises a plurality of shells that when assembled form a tubular shape, the shells being held together by a plurality of fasteners.

21. The assembly of claim 20 , wherein the fastener comprises a bolt configured to be received by complementary holes in adjacent pairs of shells.

22. The assembly of any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein the fluid comprises water.

23. An assembly according to any one of claims 16 to 22, wherein the fluid comprises drinking water.

24. 1. A method comprising: providing a system configured for fluid flow; threading a semi-rigid pipe through at least one underground pipe; and coupling a semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of an additional existing pipe using a respective coupling assembly of a pair of coupling assemblies; The system includes a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies; the semi-rigid pipe comprises a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe being configured to be disposed inside the at least one underground pipe; the pair of coupling assemblies are disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and include a first assembly and a second assembly sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each assembly including a coupling and a compression nut; the coupling comprising a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and a mid-section; the coupling proximal end includes a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a close friction fit and disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed on the distal end of the nipple; the coupling distal end includes a second external thread and is configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes, the second external thread being disposed opposite the coupling proximal end; the intermediate section is disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread to retain and securely thread the coupling; the compression nut comprising a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an interior surface; the compression nut distal end includes internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling and an exterior surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threadedly engaged with the coupling; the compression nut proximal end is positioned opposite the compression nut distal end; the inner surface tapers inwardly from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading of the compression nut onto the coupling compresses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; The step of coupling the semi-rigid pipes at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to each of the additional existing pipes includes: sliding the compression nuts over each end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal end of the coupling to each additional existing pipe; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; threading the compression nut onto the coupling to press the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple; It is carried out by the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; wherein proximal and distal refer to positions relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

25. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the steps of providing a sleeve and clamping, The sleeve is a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the at least one underground pipe; a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp the proximal end of the compression nut; Equipped with The method, wherein the clamping step clamps the first sleeve end and the second sleeve end over at least one underground pipe and a proximal end of the compression nut, respectively.

26. 26. The method of claim 24 or 25, further comprising removing kinks in the semi-rigid pipe.

27. The at least one flare nut further comprises: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of the respective coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end; an exterior surface configured to be securely retained to facilitate threading of the flare nut onto the coupling; Equipped with the coupling further comprising a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe; For at least one coupling assembly, connecting the distal end of the coupling to each additional existing pipe comprises: sliding at least one flare nut over each additional existing pipe; flaring the proximal end of each additional existing pipe; mating a flared proximal end of each additional existing pipe with the distal end of the coupling; threading the flare nut onto the distal end of the coupling; 26. The method of claim 24 or 25, comprising:

28. 12. The system of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

29. 16. The method of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

30. 24. The coupling assembly of any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

31. 28. The method of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of the group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

32. The system of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the nipple is tapered to match the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

33. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the nipple is tapered to match the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

34. A coupling assembly according to any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein the nipple is tapered to match the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

35. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the nipple is tapered to match the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

36. 1. A system including a semi-rigid pipe and a pair of coupling assemblies, The semi-rigid pipe comprises a flexible tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, and is configured to be placed inside an existing plumbing pipe; the pair of coupling assemblies are disposed above the first end and the second end of the semi-rigid pipe and comprise a first assembly and a second assembly sealingly coupled to the first end and the second end, respectively, each assembly comprising a coupling and a compression nut; the coupling comprising a coupling proximal end, a coupling distal end, and a mid-section; the coupling proximal end includes a nipple having a first outer diameter and configured to be received by a close friction fit and disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed on the distal end of the nipple; the coupling distal end includes a second external thread and is disposed opposite the coupling proximal end, the second external thread being configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; the intermediate section is disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread to retain and securely thread the coupling; the compression nut comprising a compression nut distal end, a compression nut proximal end, and an interior surface; the compression nut distal end includes internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling and an exterior surface configured to be securely held to allow the compression nut to be threadedly engaged with the coupling; the compression nut proximal end is positioned opposite the compression nut distal end; the inner surface tapers inwardly from the distal end of the compression nut to the proximal end of the compression nut such that threading of the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal; the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; wherein proximal and distal refer to positions relative to said semi-rigid pipe.

37. A host system including a plurality of systems according to any one of claims 1 to 11, A super-system, wherein adjacent systems of the plurality of systems are positioned on opposite ends of existing piping and configured to allow fluid flow from a first end of the super-system to a second end of the super-system.

38. 38. The host system of claim 37, wherein the plurality of systems includes two systems and the existing piping includes a B box.

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