Laminate containing a light-blocking substrate

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a laminate substrate for use in automotive applications, the laminate substrate comprising (a) a substrate and (b) a light-blocking substrate, a method for preparing such a laminate substrate, a method for preparing a molded laminate substrate, and the molded laminate substrate.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a laminate substrate for use in automotive applications, comprising (a) a substrate and (b) a light-blocking substrate, a method for preparing such a laminate substrate, a method for preparing a molded laminate substrate, and such a molded laminate substrate. [Background technology]

[0002] In automotive applications, it is often desirable to provide backlit components, particularly those with transparent regions, that allow light to pass through. The transparent regions may be colored to allow for both daytime and nighttime design of the component. If nighttime illumination should be different from the daytime design of the transparent regions, additional shielding, such as light blocking from the back of the component, is required. This shielding is typically achieved by screen-printing the back of the component. This typically involves printing a first black layer followed by a second white layer, both of which are printed directly on top of each other. The black layer acts as a shield (e.g., a light-blocking layer), while the white layer acts as a reflective layer. However, applying this additional shielding has several drawbacks. Screen-printing inks require long drying times, sometimes up to three hours at temperatures as high as 80°C. Coating only a portion of a component requires the entire component to be passed through a dryer. Furthermore, the component must be placed on the viewing surface, posing a risk of scratching or other damage to the viewing surface. Another drawback is that an additional manufacturing step is required to achieve the printing.

[0003] It would therefore be desirable to provide a laminate substrate and a method for preparing a laminate substrate that avoids the above-mentioned drawbacks.

[0004] This is achieved by the subject matter of the accompanying claims. Surprisingly, it has been found that no long drying time is required, and that the front surface of the part (the viewing side) is not damaged by operations performed on the opposite side. Furthermore, the laminate substrate of the present disclosure can be laminated simultaneously with the molding of the part, for example, and the preparation can be performed in one step, thereby avoiding the additional work step of printing a layer by screen printing on the part. In addition, the waste heat from the molding can be utilized, so the lamination step does not require additional energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure is directed to a laminate substrate used in automotive applications, the laminate substrate including (a) a substrate (a), (i) a porous substrate (i), and (ii) a pigment-containing coating film (ii) applied on the porous substrate (i), and a light-shielding substrate (b) is applied to a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) such that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a).

[0006] The present disclosure is also directed to a method for preparing a laminate substrate, comprising applying a light-shielding substrate (b) to a portion of a surface of a substrate (a), wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) comprises (i) a porous substrate (i) and (ii) a pigment-containing coating film (ii) applied on the porous substrate (i), and the light-shielding substrate (b) is applied to the surface of the substrate (a) such that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a).

[0007] The present disclosure further relates to a laminate substrate prepared by the above-described method for preparing a laminate substrate.

[0008] Additionally, the present disclosure is also directed to a method for preparing a shaped laminate substrate, comprising thermoforming the laminate substrate described above or a laminate substrate prepared by the method for preparing described above.

[0009] Furthermore, the present disclosure is also directed to a molded laminate substrate prepared by the above-described method for preparing a molded laminate substrate. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate substrate according to the present disclosure (not to scale). The laminate substrate includes a substrate (a) and a light-shielding substrate (b). The light-shielding substrate (b) includes a porous substrate (i) and a pigment-containing coating film (ii) applied to the porous substrate (i). The light-shielding substrate (b) is applied to a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). [Figure 2] 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate substrate according to the present disclosure (not to scale). The laminate substrate includes a substrate (a) and a light-shielding substrate (b). The light-shielding substrate (b) includes a porous substrate (i), an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) applied on the porous substrate (i), and a pigment-containing coating (ii) applied on the additional pigment-containing coating (iii). The light-shielding substrate (b) is applied to a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). [Figure 3] 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate substrate according to the present disclosure (not to scale). The laminate substrate includes a substrate (a) and a light-shielding substrate (b). The light-shielding substrate (b) includes a porous substrate (i), an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) applied on the porous substrate (i), and a pigment-containing coating (ii) applied on the additional pigment-containing coating (iii). The light-shielding substrate (b) further includes a through-hole penetrating through the porous substrate (i), the additional pigment-containing coating (iii), and the pigment-containing coating (ii). The light-shielding substrate (b) is applied to a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) such that the pigment-containing coating (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). [Figure 4]1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate substrate according to the present disclosure (not to scale). The laminate substrate includes a substrate (a), a light-shielding substrate (b), and a plastic layer (c). The light-shielding substrate (b) includes a porous substrate (i), an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) applied on the porous substrate (i), and a pigment-containing coating (ii) applied on the additional pigment-containing coating (iii). The light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) with the pigment-containing coating (ii) facing the surface of the substrate (a), and the light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on a portion of the surface of the plastic layer (c) with the porous substrate (i) facing the surface of the plastic layer (c). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] For purposes of the following detailed description, it should be understood that the disclosure may assume various alternative variations and step sequences unless expressly specified to the contrary. Furthermore, other than in any examples or unless otherwise indicated, all numerical values ​​expressing the quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims, for example, should be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties obtained by the present invention. At the very least, the application of the doctrine of equivalents is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and each numerical parameter should be construed in light of at least the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0012] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values ​​set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0013] It should also be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "1 to 10" is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum of 1 and the recited maximum of 10, i.e., minimums of 1 or greater and maximums of 10 or less.

[0014] In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural, and the plural encompasses the singular, unless otherwise specified. Additionally, in this application, the use of "or" means "and / or" unless otherwise specified, even though "and / or" may be expressly used in certain instances. Furthermore, in this application, the use of "a" or "an" means "at least one" unless otherwise specified. For example, "a" polymer, "a" colorant, etc., refers to one or more of any of these items. Words such as "including" mean "including, but not limited to." Similarly, in this specification, the terms "on" or "applied on" mean disposed on a surface, but not necessarily in contact with said surface.

[0015] The terms "resin" and "resinous" are used interchangeably with the terms "polymer" and "polymeric." Furthermore, the term "polymer" is used herein in its normal sense in the art, i.e., to refer to a polymeric compound having a relatively high molecular weight (e.g., 500 Da or greater) and containing in its structure multiple repeat units (also called "mers") that are actually or conceptually derived from relatively lower molecular weight species. Unless otherwise specified, molecular weights are weight average ("M w ") and is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standards.

[0016] The present disclosure relates to a laminate substrate for use in automotive applications, comprising (a) a substrate and (b) a light-shielding substrate. The light-shielding substrate (b) comprises (i) a porous substrate (i) and (ii) a pigment-containing coating (ii) applied to the porous substrate (i). The light-shielding substrate (b) is applied to a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). By disposing the light-shielding substrate (b) on the substrate (a) in this manner, a laminate structure is formed that includes the layer sequence of the substrate (a), the pigment-containing coating (ii), and the porous substrate (i).

[0017] As used herein, the term "porous substrate" refers to a substrate having a network of interconnected pores. This porous substrate may include a microporous substrate.

[0018] According to the present disclosure, the porous substrate (i) may comprise a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane, a poly(meth)acrylate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. The porous substrate (i) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer may comprise a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane, a poly(meth)acrylate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0019] According to the present disclosure, suitable polyesters can be prepared by known methods, such as the condensation of polyols with polyacids or the ring-opening polymerization of lactones. As used herein, the term "polyol" refers to a compound having more than one hydroxyl group per molecule, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more hydroxyl groups, and the term "polyacid" refers to a compound having more than one carboxylic acid group per molecule, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more carboxylic acid groups, including the anhydrides of the corresponding acids. Suitable polyols include alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,6-hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol; bisphenol A; hydrogenated bisphenol A; bisphenol F; hydrogenated bisphenol F; cyclohexanediol; propanediols such as 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, butylethylpropanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol; 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, butanediols such as 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-4,5-pentanediol, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol; xanediols such as 1,6-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, and 2,5-hexanediol; poly(caprolactone) diol; polyether glycols such as poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol; trimethylolpropane; pentaerythritol; dipentaerythritol; trimethylolethane; trimethylolbutane; dimethylolcyclohexane; and glycerol.Suitable polyacids include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, methylhexahydrophthalic acid, dimethylterephthalic acid, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, tricyclodecane polycarboxylic acid, endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid, endoethylene hexahydrophthalic acid, cyclohexane tetracarboxylic acid, cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid, and the anhydrides of all the foregoing polyacids. Suitable lactones include, but are not limited to, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, α-angelicalactone, and mixtures thereof.

[0020] Suitable polyamides can be prepared by well-known methods, for example, by the polymerization of polyamines and polyacids or by the ring-opening polymerization of lactams. As used herein, the term "polyamine" refers to compounds having more than one amine group per molecule, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more amine groups. Suitable polyamines include aliphatic diamines such as 1,2-ethanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,2-butanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,3-pentanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, and 1,10-decanediamine; alicyclic diamines such as 4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, and 3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane; and aromatic diamines such as 1,2-benzenediamine, 1,3-benzenediamine, 1,4-benzenediamine, 1,5-naphthalenediamine, 1,8-naphthalenediamine, 2,4-toluenediamine, 2,5-toluenediamine, 2,6-toluenediamine, and 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenyldiamine. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyacids can include those listed above for preparing polyesters. Suitable lactams include, but are not limited to, β-propiolactam, γ-butyrolactam, δ-valerolactam, ε-caprolactam, and mixtures thereof.

[0021] Suitable polyurethanes can be prepared by well-known methods, for example, by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyol. As used herein, the term "polyisocyanate" refers to a compound having more than one isocyanate group per molecule, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more isocyanate groups per molecule. Suitable polyisocyanates include, for example, aliphatic polyisocyanates such as 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; alicyclic polyisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate and 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylisocyanate); and aromatic polyisocyanates such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, 1,2,4-benzene triisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyols include the polyols described above for producing polyesters.

[0022] Suitable polyureas can be prepared by known methods, for example, by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyamine. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyisocyanates include those described above for preparing polyurethanes. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyamines include those described above for preparing polyamides.

[0023] Suitable polycarbonates can be prepared by known methods, for example, by the condensation reaction of a diol with phosgene or by the ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic carbonate. Suitable diols include alkylene glycols, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol F, hydrogenated bisphenol F, cyclohexanediol, propanediols such as 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, butylethylpropanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,2-butanediol, and 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol. Suitable cyclic carbonates include, but are not limited to, butanediols such as hexanediol and 2-ethyl-1,4-butanediol; pentanediols such as 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-4,5-pentanediol, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol; hexanediols such as 1,6-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, and 2,5-hexanediol, and poly(caprolactone)diol. Suitable cyclic carbonates include, but are not limited to, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.

[0024] Suitable polysiloxanes include, but are not limited to, alkyl-substituted polysiloxanes, aryl polysiloxanes, copolymers thereof, blends thereof, and mixtures thereof. The alkyl substituents may be selected from short-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl or propyl. The aryl substituents may include phenyl groups.

[0025] Suitable poly(meth)acrylates may be homopolymers or copolymers obtainable by polymerizing one or more monomers, including substituted or unsubstituted (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate. Herein, "(meth)acrylic acid" and "(meth)acrylate" and similar terms refer to both the acrylic acid or acrylate and the corresponding methacrylic acid or methacrylate, respectively. Suitable (meth)acrylates include, but are not limited to, alkyl (meth)acrylates, cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates, alkylcycloalkyl (meth)acrylates, aralkyl (meth)acrylates, alkylaryl (meth)acrylates, aryl (meth)acrylates, and functional group-containing (meth)acrylates. As used herein, "functional group" refers to a group containing hydrogen and sp 3It refers to a group containing one or more atoms other than carbon atoms. Examples of functional groups include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, amide groups, isocyanate groups, urethane groups, thiol groups, amino groups, sulfone groups, sulfoxide groups, phosphine groups, phosphite groups, phosphate groups, and halogen groups. Non-limiting examples of poly(meth)acrylates include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, and stearyl (meth)acrylate. acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 3-methylphenyl (meth)acrylate, 1-naphthyl (meth)acrylate, 3-phenyl-n-propyl (meth)acrylate, 2-phenylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, or an acrylic resin derived from any combination thereof.

[0026] Suitable polyolefins include homopolymers or copolymers obtainable by polymerizing one or more monomers, including substituted or unsubstituted ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, octene, or mixtures thereof. Suitable examples of polyolefins include polyethylene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), polypropylene, polybutylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid, copolymers of ethylene and methacrylic acid, copolymers or mixtures thereof. Suitable examples of polyolefins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, copolymers or mixtures thereof.

[0027] According to the present disclosure, the porous substrate (i) may comprise a polyolefin. The thermoplastic polymer may comprise a polyolefin.

[0028] The porous substrate (i) may contain an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be water-insoluble. The inorganic filler may include silica, alumina, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or a mixture thereof. According to the present disclosure, the inorganic filler may include silica. Suitable examples of silica include, but are not limited to, precipitated silica, silica gel, fumed silica, or a combination thereof.

[0029] The inorganic filler can constitute 10 to 90% by weight of the porous substrate, for example 15 to 90% by weight, or 20 to 90% by weight, or 25 to 90% by weight, or 30 to 90% by weight, or 40 to 90% by weight.

[0030] A porous substrate can include a network of interconnected pores that communicate throughout the porous substrate. Such pores can occupy at least 5% by volume of the porous substrate, e.g., at least 5-95% by volume, or at least 15-95% by volume, or at least 20-95% by volume, or at least 25-95% by volume, or 35-70% by volume. In an untreated, uncoated, or unsaturated state, these pores can occupy at least 5% by volume of the porous substrate, e.g., at least 5-95% by volume, at least 15-95% by volume, at least 20-95% by volume, at least 25-95% by volume, or 35-70% by volume.

[0031] The porosity of the porous substrate, expressed in volume percent, can be calculated according to the following formula:

number

[0032] The porous substrate may include pores having a volume average diameter of at least 0.001 μm, e.g., at least 0.050 μm, at least 0.10 μm, at least 0.15 μm, at least 0.20 μm, at least 0.25 μm, at least 0.30 μm, or at least 0.35 μm. The porous substrate may include pores having a volume average diameter of 0.90 μm or less, e.g., 0.85 μm or less, 0.80 μm or less, 0.75 μm or less, 0.70 μm or less, 0.65 μm or less, or 0.60 μm or less. The porous substrate may include pores having a volume average diameter within any of the ranges described above, e.g., 0.001 to 0.70 μm or 0.30 to 0.70 μm.

[0033] The volume-average pore diameter of a porous substrate can be measured by mercury porosimetry using an Autopore III porosimeter (Micromeretics, Inc.) according to the accompanying instructions. The volume-average pore radius for a single scan is automatically determined by the porosimeter. The porosimeter is operated by taking a scan in the high-pressure range (138 kPa to 227 MPa absolute). If approximately 2% or less of the total intrusion volume occurs at the low end of the high-pressure range (138 to 250 kPa absolute), the volume-average pore diameter is taken as twice the volume-average pore radius measured by the porosimeter. Otherwise, an additional scan is taken in the low-pressure range (7 to 165 kPa absolute) and the volume-average pore diameter is calculated using the following formula:

number

[0034] The porous substrate (i) may be prepared by mixing a mixture containing, for example, an inorganic filler, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane, a poly(meth)acrylate, a copolymer thereof, such as a polyolefin, or a mixture thereof, until a substantially homogeneous mixture is obtained. The mixture may be extruded, for example, by extrusion in a die, such as a sheet die, to form the porous substrate into the desired final shape.

[0035] The porous substrate (i) may have a thickness of at least 10 μm, for example, at least 20 μm, or 40 μm, or 50 μm, or 70 μm, or 80 μm, or 100 μm. The porous substrate (i) may have a thickness of 620 μm or less, for example, 600 μm or less, 590 μm or less, 580 μm or less, 570 μm or less, 560 μm or less, or 550 μm or less. The porous substrate (i) may have a thickness within any of the above ranges, for example, from 100 μm to 600 μm, or from 100 μm to 580 μm, or from 100 μm to 550 μm. The thickness can be measured according to ASTM D-374-16. The porous substrate may be a sheet or a film.

[0036] The porous substrate may include a white color. The porous substrate (i) may have a whiteness index, measured according to ASTM E313-20, of at least 70%, such as at least 75%, or at least 80%.

[0037] Examples of suitable porous substrates may include, but are not limited to, substrates commercially available under the Teslin® trademark available from PPG Industries, Inc. (Ohio), such as the Teslin TS series (Teslin TS600, TS700, TS800, TS1000, TS1200, TS1400), the Teslin SP series (Teslin SP600, SP700, SP800, SP1000, SP1200, SP1400, SP1800), and the Teslin HD series (Teslin HD1400, HD1800).

[0038] According to the present disclosure, the light-shielding substrate (b) may further include an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) between the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating (ii). When present, the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be applied to the porous substrate (i), and the pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to the additional pigment-containing coating (iii). The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be applied to the entire surface of the porous substrate (i), or the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be applied to only a predetermined portion of the surface of the porous substrate (i). The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may not be applied to the entire surface of the porous substrate (i). When the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) is present, the pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to the entire surface of the additional pigment-containing coating (iii), or only a predetermined portion of the surface of the additional pigment-containing coating (iii). The pigment-containing coating (ii) may not be applied to the entire surface of the additional pigment-containing coating (iii).

[0039] According to the present disclosure, the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may comprise a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0040] Suitable examples of poly(meth)acrylates, polyolefins, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyisocyanates, or polyols include those described above. Suitable examples of polyurethanes and copolymers thereof include, but are not limited to, those described in EP 0 260 447 A1, EP 0 089 497 A1, EP 0 256 540 A1, EP 0 297 576 A1, WO 96 / 12747, EP 0 228 003 A1, EP 0 397 806 A1, EP 0 574 417 A1, EP 0 531 510 A1, EP 0 581 211 A1, or EP 0 708 788 A1. Further suitable examples of polyurethanes include, but are not limited to, reaction products of NCO-functional polyurethanes with OH-functional compounds, such as OH-functional polyesters, as described in WO 2011 / 120940 A1. Particularly suitable are polyurethanes that can be derived from an OH-functional component A containing a double bond, an NCO-functional component B containing a double bond, and an optional component C containing a double bond, as described in WO 2009 / 024310 A2, particularly from page 3, paragraph 1 to page 5, paragraph 4 of WO 2009 / 024310 A2. Component A may be a polyol, and components B and C may be urethane acrylates.

[0041] Suitable epoxy resins can be prepared by known methods, for example, by reacting a compound containing at least one epoxy functional group with a cyclic coagent containing at least two hydroxyl groups. Examples of suitable compounds containing one epoxy functional group include, but are not limited to, glycidol, epichlorohydrin, glycidolamine, and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the terms "epoxy" and "epoxide" are used interchangeably. Suitable examples of cyclic coagents containing at least two hydroxyl groups include, but are not limited to, bisphenol A, hydrated bisphenol A, bisphenol F, hydrated bisphenol F, novolac resins such as phenol novolac and cresol novolac, and mixtures thereof.

[0042] According to the present disclosure, the additional pigmented coating (iii) may comprise a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0043] The additional pigmented coating (iii) may comprise a white pigment, such as zinc white, lithophon, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate (chalk), barium sulfate, or a combination thereof. The additional pigmented coating (iii) may comprise a white color. The additional pigmented coating (iii) may have a whiteness index, measured according to ASTM E313-20, of at least 70%, such as at least 75%, or at least 80%.

[0044] According to the present disclosure, the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may have a dry coating thickness of at least 3 μm, e.g., at least 5 μm, or at least 7 μm, or at least 10 μm. The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may have a dry coating thickness of 100 μm or less, e.g., 80 μm or less, or 70 μm or less, or 60 μm or less, or 50 μm or less. The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may have a dry coating thickness ranging from any of the above values, e.g., from 3 to 100 μm, or from 5 to 50 μm. This thickness can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016. As used herein, "dry coating thickness" refers to the thickness of a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface of a substrate and measured above the substrate after the coating has cured.

[0045] According to the present disclosure, the pigment-containing coating (ii) is applied to the porous substrate (i) or, if an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) is present, to the additional pigment-containing coating (iii). The pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to the entire surface of the porous substrate (i), or the pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to only a predetermined portion of the surface of the porous substrate (i). The pigment-containing coating (ii) may not be applied to the entire surface of the porous substrate (i).

[0046] According to the present disclosure, the pigmented coating (ii) may comprise a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0047] Suitable examples of poly(meth)acrylates, polyolefins, polyesters, polysiloxanes, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyisocyanates, or polyols may be as described above. Suitable examples of polyurethanes and copolymers thereof include, but are not limited to, those described in, for example, EP 0 260 447 A1, EP 0 089 497 A1, EP 0 256 540 A1, EP 0 297 576 A1, WO 96 / 12747, EP 0 228 003 A1, EP 0 397 806 A1, EP 0 574 417 A1, EP 0 531 510 A1, EP 0 581 211 A1, or EP 0 708 788 A1. Further, suitable examples of polyurethanes include, but are not limited to, reaction products of NCO-functional polyurethanes with OH-functional compounds, such as OH-functional polyesters, as described in WO 2011 / 120940 A1. Particularly suitable are polyurethanes that can be derived from an OH-functional component A containing a double bond, an NCO-functional component B containing a double bond, and an optional component C containing a double bond, as described in WO 2009 / 024310 A2, particularly from page 3, paragraph 1 to page 5, paragraph 4 of WO 2009 / 024310 A2. Component A can be a polyol, and components B and C can be urethane acrylates. According to the present disclosure, the pigment-containing coating (ii) can comprise polyurethane, polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0048] According to the present disclosure, the pigment-containing coating (ii) may have a dry coating thickness of at least 3 μm, e.g., at least 5 μm, or at least 7 μm, or at least 10 μm. The pigment-containing coating (ii) may have a dry coating thickness of 100 μm or less, e.g., 80 μm or less, or 70 μm or less, or 60 μm or less, or 50 μm or less. The pigment-containing coating (ii) may have a dry coating thickness in any of the ranges above, e.g., 3 to 100 μm, or 5 to 50 μm. This thickness can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016. As used herein, "dry coating thickness" refers to the thickness of a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface of a substrate and measured above the substrate after the coating has cured.

[0049] The pigment-containing coating (ii) may contain a color pigment. Examples of suitable color pigments include, but are not limited to, carbazole dioxazine pigments, azo pigments, monoazo pigments, diazo pigments, naphthol AS pigments, salt-type (lake) pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, metal complex pigments, isoindolinone pigments, isoindoline pigments, polycyclic phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, thioindigo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, indanthrone pigments, anthrapyrimidine pigments, flavanthrone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, anthanthrone pigments, dioxazine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole red ("DPPBO red"), charcoal, lamp black, carbon black, furnace black, graphite, graphene, vine black, perylene black, iron oxide black, or mixtures thereof. According to the present disclosure, the pigmented coating (ii) may include a black color. The pigmented coating (ii) may include a black pigment. The pigmented coating (ii) may include charcoal, lamp black, carbon black, furnace black, graphite, graphene, vine black, perylene black, iron oxide black, or a mixture thereof.

[0050] The pigment-containing coating (ii) of the present disclosure may be opaque. As used herein, "opaque" refers to a coating that does not transmit light in the visible wavelength range. Transmittance can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 13468-2:2022.

[0051] According to the present disclosure, the light-shielding substrate (b) may include a through-hole. As used herein, the term "through-hole" refers to a cutout, opening, hole, or the like extending from the porous substrate (i) toward the pigment-containing coating film (ii) of the light-shielding substrate.

[0052] According to the present disclosure, the light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) of the light-shielding substrate (b) faces the surface of the substrate (a).

[0053] The substrate (a) may comprise a light-transmitting material, such as glass, a polymer, or a combination thereof.

[0054] The substrate (a) may comprise a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with polycarbonate, an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer with polycarbonate, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. The substrate (a) may comprise polycarbonate.

[0055] According to the present disclosure, the substrate (a) may have a thickness of at least 3 μm, for example, at least 5 μm, or at least 7 μm, or at least 10 μm, or at least 15 μm. The substrate (a) may have a thickness of 1,500 μm or less, for example, 1,300 μm or less, or 1,200 μm or less, or 1,000 μm or less, or 500 μm or less. The substrate (a) may have a thickness within any of the above ranges, for example, from 10 to 1,500 μm or from 10 to 1,000 μm. This thickness can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016.

[0056] The substrate (a) may be transparent. As used herein, "transparent" refers to a substrate that is light-transmitting and / or ultraviolet-transmitting. For example, the substrate (a) may transmit at least 5% of light on average in the visible light wavelength range, and the transmittance can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 13468-2:2022.

[0057] The substrate (a) may be colored or colorless. The substrate (a) may contain a pigment. Examples of suitable pigments include, but are not limited to, carbazole dioxazine pigments, azo pigments, monoazo pigments, diazo pigments, naphthol AS pigments, salt-type (lake) pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, metal complex pigments, isoindolinone pigments, isoindoline pigments, polycyclic phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, thioindigo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, indanthrone pigments, anthrapyrimidine pigments, flavanthrone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, anthanthrone pigments, dioxazine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole red ("DPPBO red"), titanium oxide, carbon black, or mixtures thereof. The substrate (a) may contain an effect pigment. As used herein, "effect pigment" refers to a pigment that imparts a visual effect to the composition or to the cured coating. Suitable effect pigments include, but are not limited to, for example, metallic effect pigments and pearlescent pigments, such as mica, aluminum oxide platelets, glass flakes, or mixtures thereof.

[0058] According to the present disclosure, the substrate (a) may be a polymer film, more particularly a single-layer or multi-layer polymer film. See also WO 2009 / 024310 A2, in particular page 6, paragraph 4 to page 7, paragraph 5 of WO 2009 / 024310 A2.

[0059] Before disposing the light-shielding substrate (b), the surface of the substrate (a) may be subjected to an activation pretreatment such as a corona treatment.

[0060] The light-shielding substrate has been found to exhibit good adhesion to the substrate (a) as well as the optional plastic layer (c). Furthermore, the light-shielding layer (b) provides good shielding and reflectivity. In addition, it has been found that preparing the laminate substrate eliminates additional manufacturing steps, such as printing a screen-printed layer, which requires long drying times.

[0061] According to the present disclosure, the laminate substrate may further include a layer having color-imparting properties between the substrate (a) and the light-blocking substrate (b). The layer having color-imparting properties may include a pigment. Suitable pigments include those described above, particularly for the substrate (a). The layer having color-imparting properties may include poly(meth)acrylate, polyolefin, polyester, polysiloxane, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyisocyanate, polyol, copolymers thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0062] According to the present disclosure, the laminate substrate may further include a plastic layer (c). The light-shielding substrate (b) may be disposed on a portion of the surface of the plastic layer (c) so that the porous substrate (i) faces the surface of the plastic layer (c). This arrangement results in a laminate structure including the layer order of the substrate (a), the pigment-containing coating film (ii), the additional pigment-containing coating film (iii) if present, the porous substrate (i), and the plastic layer (c).

[0063] The plastic layer (c) may comprise a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with polycarbonate, an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer with polycarbonate, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. The plastic layer (c) may comprise polycarbonate.

[0064] The plastic layer (c) may be transparent. As used herein, "transparent" refers to a layer through which light passes and / or ultraviolet light is transmitted. For example, the plastic layer (c) may transmit an average of at least 5% of light in the visible light wavelength range, and the transmittance can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 13468-2:2022. The plastic layer (c) may be colorless.

[0065] The present disclosure also relates to a method for preparing a laminate substrate, such as the laminate substrate described above. The method includes placing a light-shielding substrate (b) on a portion of the surface of a substrate (a). The light-shielding substrate (b) includes (i) a porous substrate (i) and (ii) a pigment-containing coating (ii) applied to the porous substrate (i). The light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). By placing the light-shielding substrate (b) on the substrate (a) in this manner, a laminate structure is obtained that includes a layer sequence including the substrate (a), the pigment-containing coating (ii), and the porous substrate (i).

[0066] The substrate (a) and the light-shielding substrate (b) containing the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating film (ii) may be any of the substrate (a) and light-shielding substrate (b) containing the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating film (ii) described above.

[0067] According to the present disclosure, the light-shielding substrate (b) may further include an additional pigment-containing coating film (iii) between the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating film (ii). When present, the additional pigment-containing coating film (iii) can be coated on the porous substrate (i), and the pigment-containing coating film (ii) can be coated on the additional pigment-containing coating film (iii).

[0068] The additional coating (iii) may be any of the additional coatings (iii) described above.

[0069] According to the present disclosure, the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) can be applied to the porous substrate (i) by any means standard in the art, such as brushing, spraying, dipping, printing, and flowing a coating composition that dries and / or cures to form a coating. Spray application can be performed by compressed air spraying or electrostatic spraying. The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) can be applied to the porous substrate (i) to a dry coating thickness of at least 3 μm, e.g., at least 5 μm, at least 7 μm, or at least 10 μm. The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) can be applied to the porous substrate (i) to a dry coating thickness of 100 μm or less, e.g., 80 μm or less, or 70 μm or less, or 60 μm or less, or 50 μm or less. The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) can also be applied to the porous substrate (i) to a dry coating thickness of any of the above ranges, e.g., 3 to 100 μm, or 5 to 50 μm. The thickness can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016. As used herein, "dry coating thickness" is the thickness of a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface of a substrate and measured above the substrate after the coating has cured.

[0070] The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be applied over the entire surface of the porous substrate (i), or the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be applied only to a predetermined portion of the surface of the porous substrate (i). The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may not be applied over the entire surface of the porous substrate (i).

[0071] The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be cured by heat curing and / or radiation curing, such as UV curing. The temperature for heat curing the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be at least 40°C, such as at least 60°C, for example at least 80°C. The curing temperature may be 200°C or less, such as 150°C or less, for example 130°C or less, for example 110°C or less. The temperature for curing the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be at least 40°C to 200°C, such as 40°C to 180°C, for example at least 80°C to 180°C, for example 180°C to 130°C, for example 80°C to 110°C. The additional pigment-containing coating (iii) may be cured for at least 2 minutes, such as at least 5 minutes, for example at least 10 minutes, for example at least 15 minutes, for example at least 20 minutes, such as at most 45 minutes, for example at most 40 minutes, for example at most 35 minutes, for example at most 25 minutes, for example at most 20 minutes. The cure time of the additional pigmented coating (iii) may be in the range of any of the values ​​above, such as from 2 minutes to 45 minutes, for example from 5 minutes to 40 minutes, for example from 10 minutes to 35 minutes, for example from 15 minutes to 30 minutes, for example from 20 minutes to 25 minutes.

[0072] As used in connection with the coatings described herein, "cure," "cured," or similar terms means that at least a portion of the components forming the coating composition have dried and / or crosslinked to form the coating.

[0073] According to the present disclosure, the pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to the porous substrate (i) or, if present, onto the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) by techniques standard in the art, such as brushing, spraying, dipping, printing, and flowing a coating composition that forms a coating upon drying and / or curing. The pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to the porous substrate (i) or, if present, onto the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) to a dry film thickness of at least 3 μm, e.g., at least 5 μm, or at least 7 μm, or at least 10 μm. The pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied to the porous substrate (i) or, if present, onto the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) to a dry film thickness of 100 μm or less, e.g., 80 μm or less, or 70 μm or less, or 60 μm or less, or 50 μm or less. The pigmented coating (ii) may be applied to the porous substrate (i) or, if present, onto the additional pigmented coating (iii) to achieve a dry coating thickness ranging between any of the values ​​above, for example, from 3 to 100 μm, or from 5 to 50 μm. This thickness may be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016. As used herein, "dry coating thickness" refers to the thickness of a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface of a substrate and measured above the substrate after the coating has cured.

[0074] The pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied over the entire surface of the porous substrate (i), or the pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied only to a predetermined portion of the surface of the porous substrate (i). The pigment-containing coating (ii) may not be disposed over the entire surface of the porous substrate (i). When an additional coating (iii) is present, the pigment-containing coating (ii) may be applied over the entire surface of the additional coating (iii), or may be applied only to a predetermined portion of the surface of the additional coating (iii). When an additional coating (iii) is present, the pigment-containing coating (ii) may not be applied over the entire surface of the additional coating (iii).

[0075] The pigment-containing coating film (ii) may be cured by heat curing and / or radiation curing, such as UV curing. The temperature for heat curing the pigment-containing coating film (ii) may be at least 40°C, such as at least 60°C, for example at least 80°C. The curing temperature may be 200°C or less, such as 150°C or less, for example 130°C or less, for example 110°C or less. The temperature for curing the pigment-containing coating film (ii) may be 40°C to 200°C, for example 40°C to 180°C, for example 80°C to 180°C, for example 80°C to 130°C, for example 80°C to 110°C. The pigment-containing coating film (ii) may be cured for at least 2 minutes, for example at least 5 minutes, for example at least 10 minutes, for example at least 15 minutes, for example at least 20 minutes, 45 minutes or less, for example 40 minutes or less, for example 35 minutes or less, for example 25 minutes or less, for example 20 minutes or less. The cure time of the pigmented coating (ii) may range between any of the above values, such as from 2 to 45 minutes, for example from 5 to 40 minutes, for example from 10 to 35 minutes, for example from 15 to 30 minutes, for example from 20 to 25 minutes.

[0076] The light-shielding substrate (b) may include a through-hole, which may be obtained by cutting, laser processing, or the like.

[0077] The light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). The light-shielding substrate (b) may be cut into any required shape. The light-shielding substrate (b) may be placed on the entire surface of the substrate (a), or the light-shielding substrate (b) may be placed on a predetermined portion of the surface of the substrate (a). The light-shielding substrate (b) may not be placed on the entire surface of the substrate (a). When the light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the entire surface of the substrate (a), the light-shielding substrate (b) typically includes a through portion.

[0078] According to the present disclosure, the light-shielding substrate (b) may be disposed on a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) by adhesion or lamination. Adhesion may be achieved by disposing an adhesive layer on the surface of the pigment-containing coating film (ii) of the light-shielding substrate (b) and / or the surface of the substrate (a). The adhesive may contain polyurethane. The light-shielding substrate (b) may be disposed on a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) by lamination. The light-shielding substrate (b) may further be disposed on a portion of the surface of the substrate (a) by injection back molding or foam backing. The lamination temperature may be at least 60°C, for example, at least 70°C, or at least 80°C. The lamination temperature may be 150°C or less, for example, 120°C or less. The lamination temperature may be 60 to 150°C, for example, 80 to 120°C.

[0079] Before disposing the light-shielding substrate (b), the surface of the substrate (a) may be subjected to an activation pretreatment such as a corona treatment.

[0080] According to the present disclosure, the laminate substrate may further include a layer having color-imparting properties between the substrate (a) and the light-shielding substrate (b). The layer having color-imparting properties may be disposed on the substrate (a), and the light-shielding substrate (b) may be disposed on the layer having color-imparting properties so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the layer having color-imparting properties. The layer having color-imparting properties may be applied by any method standard in the art, such as brush coating, spray coating, dip coating, printing, and flow coating.

[0081] The present disclosure further relates to laminate substrates prepared by the above-described methods.

[0082] The present disclosure further relates to a method for producing a shaped laminate substrate, comprising thermoforming a laminate substrate as described above or prepared by the method described above.

[0083] The method for preparing a molded laminate substrate further includes injection molding or casting a plastic material onto the surface of the laminate substrate including the light-blocking substrate, so that the porous substrate (i) faces the plastic layer (c), thereby forming the plastic layer (c) on the back side of the laminate substrate. This arrangement results in a molded laminate structure including the layer order of the substrate (a), the pigment-containing coating (ii), the additional pigment-containing coating (iii), if present, the porous substrate (i), and the plastic layer (c).

[0084] The plastic material may include a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl(meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with polycarbonate, an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer with polycarbonate, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. The plastic material may include polycarbonate.

[0085] The plastic layer (c) may comprise a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with polycarbonate, an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer with polycarbonate, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. The plastic layer (c) may comprise polycarbonate.

[0086] In automotive applications, the laminate substrates according to the present disclosure provide components that can be backlit, allowing light to pass through the component, particularly through the transparent areas thereof, which may be tinted to allow for both daytime and nighttime design of the component.

[0087] The present disclosure also relates to a molded laminate substrate prepared by the above-described method for preparing a molded laminate substrate.

[0088] According to the present disclosure, the laminate substrate may include an automotive part, such as a front panel, a rear panel, a side window, or a rooftop.

[0089] The laminate substrates and / or molded laminate substrates of the present disclosure may be used in automotive parts such as front panels, rear panels, side windows, or rooftops.

[0090] Aspects The following paragraphs summarize certain aspects of the present application.

[0091] A first aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate for use in automotive applications, the laminate substrate comprising: (a) a substrate (a); (b) (i) a porous substrate (i); (ii) a pigment-containing coating film (ii) applied onto the porous substrate (i); A light-shielding substrate (b) comprising: Including, The light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a).

[0092] A second aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to the first aspect, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane, a poly(meth)acrylate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0093] A third aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the previous aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises a polyolefin.

[0094] A fourth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the previous aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises an inorganic filler.

[0095] A fifth aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to the fourth aspect, wherein the inorganic filler comprises silica, alumina, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or a mixture thereof.

[0096] A sixth aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the inorganic filler comprises silica.

[0097] A seventh aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the previous aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) has a thickness in the range of 100 μm to 600 μm as measured according to ASTM D-374-16.

[0098] An eighth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the substrate (a) comprises a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl(meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with polycarbonate, an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer with polycarbonate, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0099] A ninth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the previous aspects, wherein the substrate (a) comprises polycarbonate.

[0100] A tenth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the previous aspects, wherein the substrate (a) is transparent.

[0101] An eleventh aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the substrate (a) has a thickness measured according to DIN EN ISO2178:2016 in the range of 10 to 1,500 μm, for example in the range of 10 to 1,000 μm.

[0102] A twelfth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the previous aspects, wherein the substrate (a) is a polymer film.

[0103] A thirteenth aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) further comprises an additional pigment-containing coating film (iii) between the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating film (ii).

[0104] A fourteenth aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) comprises a white pigment.

[0105] A fifteenth aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to any one of the thirteenth and fourteenth aspects, wherein the additional pigment-containing coating film (iii) comprises a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0106] A sixteenth aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate according to any one of the thirteenth to fifteenth aspects, wherein the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) comprises a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0107] A seventeenth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the thirteenth to sixteenth aspects, wherein the dry film thickness of the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) is in the range of 3 to 100 μm, for example in the range of 5 to 50 μm, measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016.

[0108] An eighteenth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating (ii) comprises a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0109] A nineteenth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating (ii) comprises a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0110] A twentieth aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the pigmented coating (ii) has a dry film thickness measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016 in the range of 3 to 100 μm, for example in the range of 5 to 50 μm.

[0111] A twenty-first aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating (ii) comprises a black pigment.

[0112] A twenty-second aspect of the present application relates to the laminate substrate of any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the pigmented coating (ii) comprises charcoal, lamp black, carbon black, furnace black, graphite, graphene, vine black, perylene black, iron oxide black, or a mixture thereof.

[0113] A twenty-third aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating film (ii) is opaque.

[0114] A 24th aspect of the present application is the laminate substrate according to any one of the above-mentioned aspects, wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) includes a through portion.

[0115] A 25th aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding aspects, further comprising a plastic layer (c), wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) can be disposed on the plastic layer (c) such that the porous substrate (i) faces the surface of the plastic layer (c).

[0116] A twenty-sixth aspect of the present application relates to a method for preparing a laminate substrate, the method comprising: A light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on a substrate (a), and the light-shielding substrate (b) is (i) a porous substrate (i); (ii) a pigment-containing coating film (ii) applied onto the porous substrate (i); Including, The light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a).

[0117] A twenty-seventh aspect of the present application relates to the method according to the twenty-sixth aspect, in which the light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on the substrate (a) by lamination.

[0118] A 28th aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the 26th to 27th aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane, a poly(meth)acrylate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0119] A twenty-ninth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to twenty-eighth aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises a polyolefin.

[0120] A thirtieth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to twenty-ninth aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises an inorganic filler.

[0121] A thirty-first aspect of the present application relates to the method according to the thirtieth aspect, wherein the inorganic filler comprises silica, alumina, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or a mixture thereof.

[0122] A thirty-second aspect of the present application relates to the method according to the thirty-first or thirty-first aspect, wherein the inorganic filler comprises silica.

[0123] A thirty-third aspect of the present application relates to a method according to any one of the thirty-first to thirty-second aspects, wherein the porous substrate (i) has a thickness in the range of 100 μm to 600 μm, as measured according to ASTM D-374-16.

[0124] A thirty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to a method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to thirty-third aspects, wherein the substrate (a) comprises a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl(meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with polycarbonate, an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, a blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer with polycarbonate, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0125] A thirty-fifth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to thirty-fourth aspects, wherein the substrate (a) comprises polycarbonate.

[0126] A thirty-sixth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to thirty-fifth aspects, wherein the substrate (a) is transparent.

[0127] A 37th aspect of the present application relates to a method according to any one of the 26th to 36th aspects, wherein the substrate (a) has a thickness in the range of 10 to 1,500 μm, for example in the range of 10 to 1,000 μm, measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016.

[0128] A thirty-eighth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to thirty-seventh aspects, wherein the substrate (a) is a polymer film.

[0129] A 39th aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the 26th to 38th aspects, wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) further includes an additional pigment-containing coating film (iii) between the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating film (ii).

[0130] A fortieth aspect of the present application is the method according to the thirty-ninth aspect, wherein the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) comprises a white pigment.

[0131] A forty-first aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the thirty-ninth and fortieth aspects, wherein the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) comprises a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0132] A forty-second aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the thirty-ninth to forty-first aspects, wherein the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) comprises a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0133] A forty-third aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the thirty-ninth to forty-third aspects, wherein the additional pigmented coating (iii) has a dry film thickness measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016 in the range of 3 to 100 μm, such as in the range of 5 to 50 μm.

[0134] A forty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to forty-third aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating (ii) comprises a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0135] A forty-fifth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to forty-fourth aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating (ii) comprises a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0136] A 46th aspect of the present application relates to a method according to any one of the 26th to 45th aspects, wherein the pigmented coating (ii) has a dry film thickness measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016 in the range of 3 to 100 μm, for example in the range of 5 to 50 μm.

[0137] A forty-seventh aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to forty-sixth aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating film (ii) contains a black pigment.

[0138] A forty-eighth aspect of the present application relates to the method of any one of the twenty-sixth to forty-seventh aspects, wherein the pigmented coating (ii) comprises charcoal, lamp black, carbon black, furnace black, graphite, graphene, vine black, perylene black, iron oxide black, or a mixture thereof.

[0139] A forty-ninth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to forty-eighth aspects, wherein the pigment-containing coating film (ii) is opaque.

[0140] A fiftieth aspect of the present application relates to the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to forty-ninth aspects, wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) includes a through portion.

[0141] A fifty-first aspect of the present application relates to a laminate substrate prepared by the method according to any one of the twenty-sixth to fiftyth aspects.

[0142] A fifty-second aspect of the present application relates to a method for preparing a shaped laminate substrate, the method comprising: and thermoforming a laminate substrate prepared by the method according to any one of the 26th to 50th embodiments.

[0143] A 53rd aspect of the present application relates to the method according to the 52nd aspect, further comprising injection back molding or casting to form the plastic layer (c) on the back side of the laminate substrate, the plastic layer (c) being formed from a plastic material on the surface of the laminate substrate including the light-shielding substrate, such that the porous substrate (i) faces the plastic layer (c).

[0144] A fifty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to a molded laminate substrate prepared by the method according to any one of the fifty-second to fifty-third aspects.

Claims

1. 1. A laminate substrate for use in automotive applications, comprising: (a) a substrate (a); (b) (i) a porous substrate (i); (ii) a pigment-containing coating (ii) applied onto the porous substrate (i); a light-shielding substrate (b) comprising: Including, The light-shielding substrate (b) is placed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). Laminate substrate.

2. 2. The laminate substrate according to claim 1, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane, a poly(meth)acrylate, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof; and / or The porous substrate (i) has a thickness in the range of 100 μm to 600 μm as measured in accordance with ASTM D-374-16; Laminate substrate.

3. 10. A laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous substrate (i) comprises an inorganic filler.

4. 4. The laminate substrate of claim 3, wherein the inorganic filler comprises silica, alumina, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or a mixture thereof; and / or The inorganic filler comprises silica. Laminate substrate.

5. 10. A laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate (a) comprises a fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethyl(meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, a blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, an acrylonitrile-styrene acrylate copolymer, a blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-styrene acrylate copolymer, a blend of polybutylene terephthalate and polycarbonate, copolymers thereof, or mixtures thereof; and / or The substrate (a) is transparent; Laminate substrate.

6. 10. A laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate (a) has a thickness measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016 in the range of 10 to 1,500 μm, for example in the range of 10 to 1,000 μm; and / or The substrate (a) is a polymer film; Laminate substrate.

7. 10. The laminate substrate according to claim 9, wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) further comprises an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) between the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating (ii).

8. 8. The laminate substrate of claim 7, wherein the additional pigmented coating (iii) comprises a white pigment; and / or the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) comprises a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof; and / or the additional pigment-containing coating (iii) has a dry film thickness measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016 in the range of 3 to 100 μm, for example in the range of 5 to 50 μm, Laminate substrate.

9. 10. A laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pigmented coating (ii) comprises a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polysiloxane, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof; and / or the pigment-containing coating (ii) has a dry film thickness, measured according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016, in the range of 3 to 100 μm, for example in the range of 5 to 50 μm; Laminate substrate.

10. 10. A laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pigmented coating (ii) comprises a black pigment; and / or the pigmented coating (ii) comprises charcoal, lamp black, carbon black, furnace black, graphite, graphene, vine black, perylene black, iron oxide black, or mixtures thereof; and / or the pigment-containing coating (ii) is opaque; Laminate substrate.

11. 10. The laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light-blocking substrate (b) comprises a perforation.

12. 10. A laminate substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a plastic layer (c), wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on the plastic layer (c) so that the porous substrate (i) faces the surface of the plastic layer (c).

13. 1. A method for preparing a laminate substrate, said method comprising: A light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on a substrate (a), and the light-shielding substrate (b) is (i) a porous substrate (i); (ii) a pigment-containing coating film (ii) applied onto the porous substrate (i), The light-shielding substrate (b) is disposed on the substrate (a) so that the pigment-containing coating film (ii) faces the surface of the substrate (a). method.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the light-blocking substrate (b) is disposed on the substrate (a) by lamination. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein the porous substrate (i) is a porous substrate (i) according to claims 2 to 4, and / or The substrate (a) is a substrate (a) according to claim 5, and / or The pigmented coating (ii) is a pigmented coating (ii) according to claims 8 to 10, and / or The light-shielding substrate (b) is the light-shielding substrate (b) according to claim 11. method.

15. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the light-shielding substrate (b) further comprises an additional pigment-containing coating (iii) between the porous substrate (i) and the pigment-containing coating (ii).

16. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the additional pigmented coating (iii) is an additional pigmented coating (iii) according to claims 6-7.

17. A laminate substrate prepared by the method of any one of claims 13 to 16.

18. 1. A method for preparing a shaped laminate substrate, comprising: thermoforming the laminate substrate prepared by the method of any one of claims 13 to 16. method.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising injection molding or casting a plastic material to form a plastic layer (c) on the back side of the laminate substrate on the surface of the laminate substrate including the light-blocking substrate, so that the porous substrate (i) faces the plastic layer (c).

20. A shaped laminate substrate prepared by the method of any one of claims 18-19.

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