EMI shielding of radiolucent sensors

Abstract

A radiolucent pressure sensing mattress for a surgical table includes a radiolucent pressure sensor and a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer. The radiolucent pressure sensor measures the amount of force exerted by a patient's body at a specific location on the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress. The radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer covers the radiolucent pressure sensor. The shielding layer shields the sensor from electromagnetic interference from other sources in the operating room. In certain embodiments, the shielding layer is made of woven carbon fiber fabric.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 073,154, filed December 1, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention is directed to a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress and method of assembly thereof. [Background technology]

[0003] The present invention is directed to a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress and method of assembly thereof. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In an embodiment, a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress for a surgical table comprises: a radiolucent sensor mat comprising a radiolucent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad located below the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire protection layer covering the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer covering the radiolucent fire protection layer and comprising a carbon fiber fabric; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness comprising a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and a main ground wire configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode; and a radiolucent outer layer covering the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0005] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensors are configured as a matrix array configured to be excited and measured by electronics integrated into the sensor mat. In an embodiment, the matrix array comprises a grid of sensors spaced approximately 1 inch apart.

[0006] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent sensor mat further comprises a first sheet having a plurality of first conductive paths, a sensing material layer positioned in contact with the first conductive paths, a second sheet positioned in contact with the sensing material layer, and a controller configured to detect changes in measurements of the electrical property measured by the sensing material layer.

[0007] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent outer layer comprises a first outer layer disposed along the top surface and four side surfaces of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and a second outer layer disposed along the bottom surface of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0008] In an embodiment, the second outer layer comprises a weldable urethane laminated 210 denier nylon, the second outer layer being bonded to the first outer layer. In an embodiment, the radiolucent ergonomic pad comprises three viscoelastic foam layers. In an embodiment, the radiolucent fire-resistant layer further comprises a polyester ribbed fabric.

[0009] In embodiments, the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer is configured to shield the radiolucent sensor mat from electromagnetic interference arising from the electrocautery device.

[0010] In an embodiment, the carbon fiber fabric is about 5-7 oz / yd 2 a dry fabric weight of about 11-13 ends / inch, a warp count of about 11-13 ends / inch, a fabric thickness of about 8-20 mils, a fill count of about 11-13 ends / inch, and about 2,500-3,500 carbon filaments.

[0011] Certain embodiments include a method for detecting pressure exerted by a patient's body at a hospital bed during a procedure in which an electrocautery device is being used adjacent to the hospital bed, the method comprising the steps of providing a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress comprising: a radiolucent sensor mat comprising a radiolucent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad underlying the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire protection layer covering the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer covering the radiolucent fire protection layer and comprising a carbon fiber fabric; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness comprising a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and a main ground wire configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode; and a radiolucent outer layer covering the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0012] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor further comprises a matrix array configured to be excited and measured by electronics integrated into the sensor mat.

[0013] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensors are configured in an orientation that includes a grid of sensors spaced approximately 1 inch apart.

[0014] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent outer layer comprises a first outer layer disposed along the top surface and four sides of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer and a second outer layer disposed along the bottom surface of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer. In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad comprises three viscoelastic foam layers. In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent fire-resistant layer further comprises a polyester ribbed fabric.

[0015] In an embodiment, the carbon fiber fabric is about 5-7 oz / yd 2 a dry fabric weight of about 11-13 ends / inch, a warp count of about 11-13 ends / inch, a fabric thickness of about 8-20 mils, a fill count of about 11-13 ends / inch, and about 2,500-3,500 carbon filaments.

[0016] In an embodiment, a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress for a surgical table comprises: a radiolucent sensor mat with a radiolucent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad located below the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire protection layer covering the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer covering the radiolucent fire protection layer; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness comprising a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and a main ground wire configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode; and a radiolucent outer layer covering the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0017] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer comprises a material selected from the group including woven carbon fiber fabric, silver lace fabric, and conductive plastic. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a radiation-transparent sensor mat. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an electronic device integrated into a radiation-transparent sensor mat. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a radiolucent sensor integrated into a surgical table and configured to transmit measurements detected by the radiolucent sensor to a computer. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ground wire embedded in a radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] In the following detailed description of the embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. The specific details disclosed herein are, in each case, non-limiting embodiments representing specific ways in which the inventive concepts may be practiced and serve to teach those skilled in the art the employment of the invention in substantially any suitably detailed system, structure, or mode consistent with these concepts. It will be understood that various modifications and substitutions to the specific embodiments described and the details of those embodiments may be made within the scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the details of this specification are to be interpreted as illustrative, and not limiting, inasmuch as many different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concepts described herein and in the specific embodiments detailed herein without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0020] The various directions, such as "upper," "lower," "bottom," "top," "back," "front," "perpendicular," "vertical," "horizontal," "length," and "width," used in the detailed description of the embodiments are intended only to facilitate explanation in conjunction with the drawings in order to express the concepts of the present invention. Such terminology should not be understood as limiting the concepts illustrated by the embodiments, as elements of the embodiments can be oriented differently while performing the same functions and achieving the same results as those obtained in the embodiments detailed herein.

[0021] As used herein, the use of the word "a" or "an" when used in conjunction with the term "comprising" (or its equivalents, "having" or "including") in the claims and / or this specification may mean "one," but is also consistent with the meanings of "one or more," "at least one," and "one or more." Also, as used herein, the phrase "connected to" means coupled or in communication, either directly or through an intermediate element.

[0022] Radiolucent pressure-sensing mattress An embodiment of the present invention includes a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300. The radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 supports a patient's body during a surgical procedure. The radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 is placed on the operating table 80 before the patient is placed on the operating table 80. The radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes pressure sensors 22. These pressure sensors 22 measure the amount of force exerted by the patient's body at specific locations on the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300. These measurements can assist medical professionals in preventing injury, improving recovery, and providing other additional benefits.

[0023] As used herein, the term radiolucent means that an object can transmit one form or another of radiation, particularly x-rays. Radiolucent objects may be transparent to x-rays as well as other medical imaging radiation, including CT scans and PET scans. Radiolucent objects allow radiation to pass through them without blocking it. Radiation is permitted to pass through the radiolucent object to the extent that it does not interfere with imaging. In certain embodiments, radiolucent objects do not allow all radiation to pass through them. The opposite of radiolucent is radiopaque. Thus, in certain embodiments, radiolucent materials are not radiopaque. X-ray radiation is used to identify internal structures of a patient's body. Radiolucency is beneficial so that radiation used during medical procedures, such as x-ray radiation, can pass through the object and not obscure x-ray images of the patient. If certain objects were not radiolucent, certain areas or angles of the patient's body would be invisible or obscured in x-ray images. This is due to blocking or obscuration by radiopaque or non-radiopaque materials.

[0024] The radiopacity of a radiolucent object can be greater if the object has a higher radiological uniformity. Radiological uniformity is the uniformity of radiolucency of various portions of a radiolucent object. In certain embodiments, the mattress 300 and all of its components should not interfere with a clinician's ability to interpret an image acquired with the mattress 300 in the imaging field. If any interference in the image exists due to the mattress 300, the interference should be substantially uniform so that changes in image intensity can be attributed to the object being imaged, rather than variations in the radiological uniformity of the mattress 300 and all of its components. In embodiments, the radiolucent object does not include metal. In embodiments, radiation attenuation is minimal. In other embodiments, radiation attenuation is minimal compared to an embodiment without the shielding layer 40. Radiation attenuation is a measure of the loss of intensity as it passes through a medium. Minimizing radiation attenuation maximizes radiation as it passes through the radiolucent object.

[0025] In accordance with the present invention, an embodiment of a pressure-sensing mattress 300 having a radiolucent electromagnetic shielding element 40 allows the pressure sensor 22 incorporated into the mattress to function in a medical procedure without interference from electromagnetic interference and in a radiolucent state.

[0026] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 comprises at least one or more of a radiolucent sensor mat 20, a radiolucent ergonomic pad 10, a radiolucent fire protection layer 30, a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40, a wire harness 100, and radiolucent outer layers 50, 60.

[0027] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a method for detecting pressure exerted by a patient's body at a hospital bed during a medical procedure in which an electrocautery device is used adjacent to the hospital bed, the method including the steps of providing a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300, embodiments of which are described herein. Certain embodiments include the steps of connecting a wire harness 100 to a radiolucent sensor mat 20 and an operating room computer 25, placing the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 on an operating table 80, connecting the main ground wire 39 to the hospital ground circuit, and operating the electrocautery device.

[0028] Radiotransparent sensor mat As shown generally in FIG. 1 , in certain embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes a radiolucent sensor mat 20. The radiolucent sensor mat 20 may incorporate a radiolucent pressure sensor 22. The radiolucent sensor mat 20 may further include a flexible material. The radiolucent sensor mat 20 may further include a non-stretchable material. The radiolucent sensor mat 20 may provide a pressure distribution map. The radiolucent sensor mat 20 has the added benefit of not interfering with the comfort provided to the patient by the ergonomic pad 10.

[0029] In certain embodiments, the radiolucent sensor mat 20 includes a radiolucent pressure sensor 22. In certain embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 functions as a pressure sensor and is radiolucent so as not to interfere with medical imaging. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is configured to measure pressure applied to the sensor by the patient's body. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is configured in any suitable configuration for detecting pressure applied to a relevant location on the patient's body. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 measures the detected pressure at at least one relevant location. In certain embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is connected to a computer 25. The computer 25 receives the measured pressure values ​​from the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 and generates a map of the pressure values. This map can be used to guide any necessary adjustments to the patient's body. In additional embodiments, this map can be used to avoid potential injury that may result from a particular portion of the patient's body being subjected to pressure exceeding a threshold amount and / or for a threshold time, which may cause damage to the patient's tissue and / or nerves. In additional embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is configured to measure and map the distribution of the patient's weight, which may aid in alignment of the patient's body on the operating table, identification of potential locations at risk of injury, and planning potential treatment courses.

[0030] 2 , the radiation-transparent sensor mat 20 comprises the mat 20 described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,997,588 ("Taylor"), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, the sensor mat 20 may comprise a first sheet 21 having a plurality of first conductive pathways 23, a sensing material layer 25 disposed in contact with the first conductive pathways 23, a second sheet 27 disposed in contact with the sensing material layer 25, and a controller 29 adapted to detect a change in a measurement of an electrical property measured by the sensing material layer 25. In a particular embodiment, the sensor mat 20 may comprise the first sheet 21 having a plurality of first conductive pathways 23, the first sensing material layer 25 disposed in contact with the first conductive pathways 23, the second sheet 27 having a plurality of second conductive pathways 31, a second sensing material layer 33, and a third sheet 35 having a plurality of third conductive pathways 37.

[0031] 4, the radiolucent pressure sensors 22 include a row and column array configured to be excited and measured by electronics 24 integrated into the sensor mat 20. The row and column array may include sensors 22 arranged in a grid pattern. The electronics 24 integrated into the sensor mat 20 may be configured to measure signals detected by the sensors 22.

[0032] Additionally, in certain embodiments, the electronics 24 integrated into the sensor mat 20 may include a cable 43 exiting the ergonomic pad 10. The cable 43 transmits information from the sensors 22 to the computer 25 or some other controller 29 or device. The cable 43 may include a USB cable, an Ethernet cable, or other cable. The cable 43 may further include a shielded cable including a ground shield 38. A shielded cable is an electrical cable that has a common conductive layer around its conductors for electromagnetic shielding. In certain embodiments, this shield comprises the outermost layer of the cable. Common types of cable shields can be most broadly categorized as foil-type, including metalized films, reverse-helical wire strands (braided or unbraided), such as braided strands of copper (or other metals, such as aluminum), unbraided helical windings of copper tape, conductive polymer layers, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the shield acts as a Faraday cage, i.e., a surface that reflects electromagnetic radiation. This reduces interference from external noise to the signal in the cable, and also reduces the possibility that the signal in the cable will radiate out and disrupt other devices. To be effective against electric fields, the shield must be grounded. The shield should be electrically continuous to maximize its effectiveness.

[0033] In an embodiment, the radiolucent sensor mat 20 further includes an active portion and a non-active portion, where the active portion includes electronic components such as connectors, wiring, transmitters, and any other non-sensor components. The electronic components may be folded so as not to interfere with the patient's body. The non-active portion of the radiolucent sensor mat includes a radiolucent pressure sensor 22. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 may be mounted on the top surface 14 of the ergonomic pad 10, and the electronic components may be disposed on the sides of the ergonomic pad 10, which do not contact the patient's body. In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 may be mounted only on the top surface 14 of the ergonomic pad 10, and the electronic components are disposed on the sides of the ergonomic pad 10 in the folded portion of the sensor mat 22, which do not contact the patient's body. In an embodiment, the radiolucent sensor mat 20 is integrated into the ergonomic pad 10.

[0034] In an embodiment, radiolucent pressure sensor 22 includes pressure sensors configured to provide a grid of measurements spaced at intervals selected to balance cost and image resolution of the resulting pressure map. In an embodiment, radiolucent pressure sensor 22 includes pressure sensors configured to provide a grid of measurements spaced approximately 1 inch center-to-center. In other words, the sensors are arranged in a matrix with intersections 1 inch center-to-center.

[0035] Radiolucent ergonomic pads In certain embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes a radiolucent ergonomic pad 10. In some embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 is placed between the operating table 80 and the patient's body. In other embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 is placed between the operating table 80 and the sensor mat 20. The radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 can provide additional cushioning and support for the patient's body. The radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 can include foam, memory foam including low-resistivity polyurethane foam, or other materials that provide cushioning and / or support.

[0036] The radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 may have a thickness 12 sufficient to support the patient's body. The ergonomic pad 10 may provide comfort and prevent injury to the patient's body during a surgical procedure. In some embodiments, the ergonomic pad 10 is disposed below the radiolucent sensor mat 20. In these embodiments, at least a portion of the top surface 14 of the ergonomic pad 10 contacts at least a portion of the bottom surface 41 of the radiolucent sensor mat 20. In embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 comprises at least one layer of material. In embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 comprises at least one viscoelastic foam layer 26.

[0037] In some embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 20 comprises three viscoelastic foam layers 26, 27, 28. The first viscoelastic foam layer 26 has a first thickness 12a, the second viscoelastic foam layer 27 has a second thickness 12b, and the third viscoelastic foam layer 28 has a third thickness 12c. The three viscoelastic foam layers 26, 27, 28 may include adhesive to connect the first layer 26 to the second layer 27 and the second layer 27 to the third layer 28. To improve support for patients of various weights, the first layer 26 is the most flexible, while the bottom layer 28 is the stiffest and least flexible.

[0038] radiolucent fire protection layer In certain embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes a radiolucent fire-resistant layer 30. In some embodiments, since not all mattress materials are flame-retardant, the fire-resistant layer 30 helps slow the spread of fire that reaches the mattress 300. The fire-resistant layer 30 may include a layer of material treated with an agent used to enable the mattress to meet flammability standards, or other natural or synthetic material. Such agents may include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In certain embodiments, the radiolucent fire-resistant layer 30 covers the radiolucent sensor mat 20 and the ergonomic pad 10. In some embodiments, the radiolucent fire-resistant layer 30 comprises a polyester ribbed fabric. In other embodiments, the radiolucent fire-resistant layer 30 covers the sensor mat 20, the ergonomic pad 10, and any of the other layers described herein, including the electromagnetic shielding layer 40.

[0039] As used herein, the term "envelop" means that one layer surrounds another layer or layers, as described herein. In certain embodiments, the enveloping layer provides a casing. The casing is a single layer that surrounds all sides of the other layers it envelops. In other embodiments, the enveloping layer comprises at least one sheet. In certain embodiments, enveloping means that one layer, whether single or not, encloses all sides of another layer or layers. In other embodiments, the enveloping layer is disposed above and below the other layer or layers. Such a layer may include an outer surface 42 and an inner surface 44. The inner surface 44 contacts the top surface 34 of the other layer or layers and the bottom surface 36 of the other layer or layers. In embodiments, the layer or layers to be enveloped by another layer are inserted into the enveloping layer through at least one open surface. After the one or more layers are disposed within the enveloping layer, at least one open surface of the enveloping layer may be sealed. The at least one open surface can be sealed by forming a seam, including a fold, a seam, a zipper, a hook-and-loop fastener, an ultrasonic weld, a heat seal, an adhesive, a stitch, a snap, a button, etc. In other embodiments, the at least one open surface of the covering layer is not sealed after disposing other layers within the covering layer. In certain embodiments, the at least one open surface of the covering layer is folded over.

[0040] In some embodiments, the radiation-transparent fire-protecting layer 30 covers the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad 10 and the radiation-transparent sensor mat 20. In other embodiments, the radiation-transparent fire-protecting layer 30 is disposed on both the top and bottom of the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad 10 and the radiation-transparent sensor mat 20. In certain embodiments, the radiation-transparent fire-protecting layer 30 has an outer surface 42 and an inner surface 44. The inner surface 44 contacts the top surface 34 of the radiation-transparent sensor mat 20 and the bottom surface 36 of the ergonomic pad 10. In other embodiments, at least one open side of the radiation-transparent fire-protecting layer 30 is not sealed after the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad 10 and the radiation-transparent sensor mat 20 are placed within the radiation-transparent fire-protecting layer 30.

[0041] Radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding layer In some embodiments, a radio-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 covers the radio-transparent fire-resistant layer 30. In embodiments, the radio-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 is configured to shield the electronic components of the mattress from electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can be caused by electromagnetic fields generated by electrical devices, such as those used in surgical procedures. Shielding suppresses and / or blocks such interference. EMI shielding blocks or suppresses electromagnetic fields (EMF) in space with a barrier made of conductive or magnetic material. In some embodiments, EMI shielding isolates electrical devices from their surroundings. EMI shielding can minimize electromagnetic interference. A conductive enclosure used to block static fields may be known as a Faraday cage.

[0042] In embodiments, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 comprises carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is a fiber composed primarily of carbon atoms. Carbon fiber is produced by bonding carbon atoms together as crystals arranged primarily along one axis. These crystals form individual fibers. These individual fibers can be twisted together to form a rope.

[0043] In embodiments, the resulting rope-like carbon fiber can be arranged as a fabric composite with the individual fibers unidirectional or woven. The rope-like carbon fiber fabric composite can be a plain weave, a harness satin weave, or a twill weave. In certain embodiments, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 comprises a woven carbon fiber fabric. In embodiments, the woven carbon fiber fabric of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 comprises a 2x2 twill carbon fiber cloth.

[0044] In one embodiment, the carbon fiber weave is a 2x2 twill weave and the carbon fiber dry fabric weight is 5.80 oz / yd 2wherein the carbon fiber warp count is 12 ends per inch, the carbon fiber weft count is 12 ends per inch, the carbon fiber cloth thickness is 9.1 mils, and the carbon fiber contains 3,000 carbon filaments.

[0045] In another embodiment, the carbon fiber weave is a 2x2 twill weave and the carbon fiber dry fabric weight is 6.5 oz / yd 2 wherein the carbon fiber warp count is 12 ends per inch, the carbon fiber weft count is 12 ends per inch, the carbon fiber cloth thickness is 18.1 mils, and the carbon fiber contains 3,000 carbon filaments.

[0046] In an embodiment, the dry fabric weight of the carbon fiber is 5.80 to 6.5 oz / yd. 2 In another embodiment, the dry fabric weight of the carbon fiber is 5 to 7 oz / yd. 2 In yet another embodiment, the dry fabric weight of the carbon fiber is 4 to 8 oz / yd. 2 and in other embodiments, 2 to 10 oz / yd 2 is.

[0047] In one embodiment, the carbon fiber warp count is about 12 fibers per inch. In another embodiment, the carbon fiber warp count is about 11-13 fibers per inch, and in another embodiment, 10-14 fibers per inch.

[0048] In one embodiment, the carbon fiber fill count is about 12 ends per inch. In another embodiment, the carbon fiber fill count is about 11-13 ends per inch, and in another embodiment, 10-14 ends per inch.

[0049] In an embodiment, the carbon fiber cloth thickness is 9.1 to 18.1 mils. In another embodiment, the carbon fiber cloth thickness is 8 to 20 mils. In another embodiment, the carbon fiber cloth thickness is 6 to 22 mils, 5 to 25 mils, or 2 to 30 mils.

[0050] In embodiments, the carbon fiber contains about 3,000 carbon filaments. In other embodiments, the carbon fiber contains about 2,800-3,200 carbon filaments. In still other embodiments, the carbon fiber contains about 2,500-3,500 or 2,000-4,000 carbon filaments.

[0051] In other embodiments, the EMI shielding layer comprises sheet metal (including copper, brass, nickel, silver, steel, and tin), metal screen, woven metal fiber fabric, metal foam, metallic coating ink, or similar materials.

[0052] In embodiments, the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 has a ground wire 48 attached to it. In some embodiments, the ground wire 48 can be crimped to the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40. In other embodiments, the ground wire 48 can be welded or sewn to the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40. In embodiments, the ground wire 48 comprises a conductive material and an insulating material. In embodiments, the conductive material comprises copper. In some embodiments, the ground wire can be attached to the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 at one or more bonding locations. In embodiments, the wire harness 100 includes a connection to the ground wire 48 and a main ground wire 39 configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode. In certain embodiments, the wire harness 100 is routed through openings in the fire protection layer 30, the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40, and the outer layers 50, 60.

[0053] In an embodiment, the wire harness 100 includes a connection at a first end to the bracket "[ ]" and at a second end to the sensor control board 25. In an embodiment, the sensor control board 25 is configured to receive data from the radiotransparent pressure sensor 22. In an embodiment, the sensor control board 25 includes another connection to the installation location 200. In an embodiment, the wire harness 100 forms a connection between the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 and the radiotransparent sensor mat 20 and a connection between the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 and the sensor control board 25.

[0054] In an embodiment, the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 is configured to shield the radiotransparent sensor mat 20 from electromagnetic interference arising from an electrocautery device.

[0055] Wire harness In an embodiment, the wire harness 100 is configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat 20 to a computer 25, controller 29, or other device in the operating room. In an embodiment, the wire harness 100 includes a connection to the electromagnetic shielding layer ground wire 39 and the sensor mat 20. In an embodiment, the wire harness includes a main ground wire 39 configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode, allowing EMI collected by the EMI shielding layer to be grounded. In an embodiment, the ground wire 39 is a ductile conductive material. In an embodiment, the ground wire 39 is copper. In an embodiment, the computer 25, controller 29, or other device connects to the hospital ground electrode. In certain embodiments where the wire harness connects to the hospital ground electrode via the main ground wire 39, there is no wired connection to the computer because the pressure sensor 22 communicates wirelessly to the computer 25 or other controller 29 or device.

[0056] Radiolucent outer layer In certain embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes radiolucent outer layers 50, 60. The radiolucent outer layers cover the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer. The radiolucent outer layers provide biocompatibility with the patient, support, protection from fluid ingress, and the ability to be removed and cleaned without the need to clean other components of the mattress 300.

[0057] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent outer layers 50, 60 include a first outer layer 50 disposed along the top surface 46 and four side surfaces 47 of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40, and a second outer layer 60 disposed along the bottom surface 49 of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40.

[0058] In an embodiment, the first outer layer 50 comprises a polyurethane coated polyester knit.

[0059] In an embodiment, the second outer layer 60 comprises a weldable urethane laminated 210 denier nylon. In an embodiment, the second outer layer 60 comprises a connection to the first outer layer 50. In an embodiment, the connection between the first outer layer 50 and the second outer layer 60 comprises a bonded connection. The bonded connection can be formed by forming a seam including a fold, a seam, a zipper, a hook-and-loop fastener, an ultrasonic weld, a heat seal, adhesives, stitches, snaps, buttons, etc.

Claims

1. 1. A radiolucent pressure sensing mattress for a surgical table, comprising: a radiotransparent sensor mat including a radiotransparent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad located beneath the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire-resistant layer covering the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiation-transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding layer covering the radiation-transmitting fire-protecting layer and comprising a carbon fiber fabric; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and a main ground wire configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode; a radiation-transmitting outer layer covering the radiation-transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding layer; The pressure-sensing mattress comprises:

2. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent pressure sensors are configured as a matrix array configured to be excited and measured by electronics integrated into the sensor mat.

3. 3. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 2, wherein the row and column array comprises a grid of sensors spaced approximately 1 inch apart.

4. 3. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 2, wherein the radiation-transparent sensor mat further comprises a first sheet having a plurality of first conductive paths, a sensing material layer positioned in contact with the first conductive paths, a second sheet positioned in contact with the sensing material layer, and a controller configured to detect changes in measurements of an electrical property measured by the sensing material layer.

5. 2. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 1, wherein the radiation-transparent outer layer comprises a first outer layer disposed along a top surface and four sides of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and a second outer layer disposed along a bottom surface of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

6. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 5 , wherein the first outer layer comprises a polyurethane coated polyester knit.

7. 6. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 5, wherein the second outer layer comprises a weldable urethane laminated 210 denier nylon, the second outer layer being bonded to the first outer layer.

8. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent ergonomic pad comprises three layers of viscoelastic foam.

9. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 1 , wherein the radiotransparent fire-blocking layer further comprises a polyester ribbed fabric.

10. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 1 , wherein the radiotransparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer is configured to shield the radiotransparent sensor mat from electromagnetic interference arising from an electrocautery device.

11. The carbon fiber fabric is 2x2 twill weave and Approximately 5 to 7 ounces per yard ２ and the dry fabric weight of Approximately 11 to 13 warp threads per inch, Fabric thickness of approximately 8 to 20 mils, A weft count of approximately 11 to 13 threads per inch, Approximately 2,500 to 3,500 carbon filaments 10. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 1, further comprising:

12. 1. A method for detecting pressure exerted by a patient's body at a hospital bed during a procedure in which an electrocautery device is used adjacent to the hospital bed, comprising: A radiolucent pressure-sensing mattress, a radiotransparent sensor mat including a radiotransparent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad located beneath the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire-resistant layer covering the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiation-transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding layer covering the radiation-transmitting fire-protecting layer and comprising a carbon fiber fabric; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and a main ground wire configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode; a radiation-transmitting outer layer covering the radiation-transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding layer; providing the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress, comprising: placing the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress on a surgical table; connecting the wire harness to a computer; connecting the main ground wire to the hospital ground circuit; activating an electrocautery device; The method comprising:

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the radiolucent pressure sensors further comprise a matrix array configured to be excited and measured by electronics integrated into the sensor mat.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the radiolucent pressure sensors are configured in an orientation comprising a grid of sensors spaced approximately 1 inch apart.

15. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the radiation-transparent outer layer comprises a first outer layer disposed along a top surface and four side surfaces of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and a second outer layer disposed along a bottom surface of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

16. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the radiolucent ergonomic pad comprises three layers of viscoelastic foam.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the radiation-transparent fire-blocking layer further comprises a polyester ribbed fabric.

18. The carbon fiber fabric is 2x2 twill weave and Approximately 5 to 7 ounces per yard ２ and the dry fabric weight of Approximately 11 to 13 warp threads per inch, Fabric thickness of approximately 8 to 20 mils, A weft count of approximately 11 to 13 threads per inch, Approximately 2,500 to 3,500 carbon filaments, 13. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 12, further comprising:

19. 1. A radiolucent pressure sensing mattress for a surgical table, comprising: a radiotransparent sensor mat including a radiotransparent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad located beneath the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire-resistant layer covering the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiation-transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding layer covering the radiation-transmitting fire-preventing layer; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and a main ground wire configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode; a radiation-transmitting outer layer covering the radiation-transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding layer; The pressure-sensing mattress comprises:

20. 20. The pressure sensing mattress of claim 19, wherein the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer comprises a material selected from the group including woven carbon fiber fabric, silver lace fabric, and conductive plastic.

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