Silicone resin water-based emulsion and its preparation method

Abstract

This application presents and describes a silicone resin emulsion composition, a coating composition containing such an emulsion, and a method for making such an emulsion. The composition comprises a silicone resin, a surfactant, and an emulsification enhancer. The emulsification enhancer comprises a hydrophobically modified polyether. The use of the hydrophobically modified polyether in combination with the surfactant results in a stable silicone emulsion.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to silicone resin emulsions and methods for making the same, and more particularly to silicone resin emulsions containing additives that result in stable aqueous emulsions. [Background technology]

[0002] Silicone resins have been used as binders in paint and coating formulations. Silicone resin emulsions are used in a variety of applications, including paints, coatings, mold release agents, stripping agents, textile treatments, and others. Oil-in-water silicone emulsion compositions can be used to form cured films by removing the water. Silicones are interesting because they can impart desirable properties to coatings, including, for example, water repellency, weather resistance, stain resistance, heat resistance, and others.

[0003] Silicone resins are often highly crosslinked via components D and T, and therefore can be characterized by high viscosity. Silicone resins are often provided using aliphatic or aromatic solvents to aid in resin processing. These solvents are classified as volatile organic solvents (VOCs). As VOC regulations increase, there is a movement to reduce and eliminate these compounds in compositions. Interest in the paint and coatings industry is shifting away from solvent-based compositions toward water-based compositions. However, silicone resins are difficult to use in water-based compositions. Silicones are generally not compatible and / or miscible with water-based systems, even using the high-shear techniques commonly used to form emulsions, making it difficult to prepare emulsions in water-based systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a summary of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding of some embodiments. This summary is not intended to identify key or critical elements, nor is it intended to define any limitations on the embodiments or claims. Moreover, this summary may provide a simplified overview of some embodiments, which may be described in more detail in other parts of the disclosure.

[0005] The present invention provides a silicone resin emulsion composition. The composition includes a silicone resin, a surfactant, and an emulsification enhancer. The emulsification enhancer includes a hydrophobically modified polyether. The use of the hydrophobically modified polyether in combination with the surfactant results in a stable silicone emulsion.

[0006] In one embodiment, provided is a composition comprising: a silicone resin; a surfactant; water; and an emulsification enhancer, wherein the emulsification enhancer is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically modified polyethers and copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified polyethers, the hydrophobically modified polyethers and copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified polyethers having hydrophobic groups at both ends.

[0007] In one embodiment, the composition consists essentially of a silicone resin, a surfactant, water, and an emulsification enhancer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the emulsification enhancer has the general formula: R 7 -X 1 -AX 2 -R 8 wherein A is a polyether; X 1 and X 2 are independently selected from linking groups selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polyether-derived polyurethanes, and polyether-derived polyesters; and R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from monovalent hydrophobic groups.

[0009] In one embodiment, A is: -(OR 9 ) m -O-; -(OR 10 ) m -O-(OR 11 ) n ; -[(OR 12 ) m -OC(O)-NH-R 13 -NH-C(O)] p -(OR 12 ) m -O-; and -[(OR 14 ) m -OC(O)-R 15 -NH-C(O)] q -(OR 14 ) m -O- wherein R is selected from the group consisting of 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are each independently a C1-C20 alkylene group; m is 2 or greater than 2; n is 2 or greater than 2; p is 1 or greater than 1; and q is 1 or greater than 1.

[0010] In one embodiment, A comprises a polyether or copolymer thereof, wherein the polyether is selected from the group consisting of (-OCH2-)m, (-OCH2CH2-)m, (-OCH(CH3)CH2-)m, (-OCH2CH2CH2-)m, (-OCH2CH2CH2CH2-)m, (-OCH(CH3)CH2CH2-)m, and (-OCH(CH3)CH(CH3)-)m, (-OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-)m.

[0011] In one embodiment, X 1 and X 2 are each independently: -O-; -OC(O)-NH-; -OC(O)-; -OC(O)-R18 -; -NH-; -NH-C(O)-; -NH-C(O)-NH-; -N=; -S-; and -SS-; and R 18 is selected from divalent C1-C20 hydrocarbons.

[0012] In one embodiment, R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrophobic group, provided that R 7 and R 8 At least one of the groups is a hydrophobic group.

[0013] In one embodiment, R 7 and R 8 are each hydrophobic groups.

[0014] In one embodiment, R 7 and R 8 are each independently C1-C40 alkyl.

[0015] In one embodiment, R 7 and R 8 are each independently C8-C25 alkyl.

[0016] In one embodiment, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.

[0017] In one embodiment, the surfactant has a hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of about 12 to about 30.

[0018] In one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene propylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, or combinations of two or more thereof.

[0019] In one embodiment, the ratio of surfactant to emulsification enhancer is from about 1:200 to about 200:1 by weight.

[0020] In one embodiment, the silicone resin is an organopolysiloxane selected from the group consisting of MM, MDM, TD, MT, MDT, MDTQ, MQ, MDQ, and / or MTQ type resins, wherein: M is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO 1 / 2 ; D is R 4 R 5 SiO 2 / 2 ; T is R 6 SiO 3 / 2 and Q is SiO 4 / 2 where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon.

[0021] In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises, based on the weight of the organopolysiloxane, about 0 to about 50% M units; about 0 to about 90% D units; about 0 to 100% T units; and about 0 to about 60% Q units.

[0022] In one embodiment, the silicone resin is a DTQ type resin, comprising about 0.5 to about 60% by weight D units, about 40 to about 99.5% by weight T units, and about 0.1 to about 30% by weight Q units.

[0023] In one embodiment, the silicone resin is a DT type resin, containing from about 5 to about 50% by weight D units and from about 50 to about 95% by weight T units.

[0024] In one embodiment, the silicone resin is a DT type resin, containing from about 15 to about 40% by weight D units and from about 60 to about 85% by weight T units.

[0025] In one embodiment, the silicone resin is a T-type resin and contains 100% by weight T units.

[0026] In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises about 5 to 40% by weight of a polyorganosiloxane having the formula CH3SiO 3 / 2 0 to 35% by weight of T units of the formula (CH3)2SiO 2 / 2 15 to 65% by weight of D units of the formula (C6H5)SiO 3 / 2 and 0 to 50% by weight of units of the formula (C6H5)SiO 2 / 2 Contains D units.

[0027] In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises from about 0.1 to about 50 weight percent condensable groups.

[0028] In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of condensable groups.

[0029] In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises from about 1 to about 7 weight percent condensable groups.

[0030] In one embodiment, the condensable group is OR 16 or divalent hydrocarbon radical OR 17 O, where R 16 are independently selected from H or a C1-C10 hydrocarbon radical, and R 17 are independently selected from divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon radicals.

[0031] In one embodiment, the silicone resin has the formula: (R 4 R 5 SiO 2 / 2 ) a (R6SiO 3 / 2 ) b where R 4 , R 5 , and R 6are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon; a≧0 and b≧1; and a+b≧2.

[0032] In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises from about 1 to about 7 weight percent condensable groups.

[0033] In one embodiment, the condensable group is OR 16 or divalent hydrocarbon radical OR 17 O, where R 16 are independently selected from H or a C1-C10 hydrocarbon radical, and R 17 are independently selected from divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon radicals.

[0034] In one embodiment, the composition is substantially free of solvents other than water.

[0035] In another embodiment, provided is a coating comprising the composition of any of the above-described embodiments.

[0036] In yet another embodiment, provided is an article including a coating, wherein the coating is disposed on a surface of the article.

[0037] In yet another embodiment, provided is a method for preparing an emulsion, the method comprising: contacting water, a surfactant, an emulsification enhancer, and a silicone resin to form a mixture, and homogenizing the mixture to form an emulsion, wherein the emulsification enhancer is selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobically modified polyether and a copolymer derived from a polyether, the hydrophobically modified polyether having hydrophobic groups at both ends.

[0038] In a further embodiment, provided is an emulsion prepared by the above method. In one embodiment, the emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion.

[0039] The following description discloses various exemplary embodiments, some of the improvements and novel aspects may be explicitly identified, while others may be apparent from the description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] Reference will now be made to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the detailed description, embodiments, and examples. It will be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural and functional changes may be made. Furthermore, features of various embodiments may be combined or varied. Thus, the following description is provided by way of example only, and is not intended to limit in any way the various alternatives and modifications that may be made to the illustrated embodiments. In this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed subject matter. It should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced in other embodiments that do not necessarily include all aspects set forth herein or elsewhere.

[0041] As used herein, the terms "example" and "exemplary" mean illustrative or illustrative. The terms "example" and "exemplary" do not indicate required or preferred implementations or embodiments. The term "or" is intended to be inclusive rather than exclusive, unless the context indicates otherwise. For example, the phrase "A uses B or C" includes any inclusive permutation (e.g., A uses B; A uses C; or A uses both B and C). As a separate matter, the articles "a" and "an" are generally intended to mean "one or more" unless the context indicates otherwise.

[0042] The values ​​and endpoints making up the ranges can be combined to form open ranges.

[0043] Provided is an aqueous silicone resin emulsion composition. The composition comprises water, a silicone resin, a surfactant, and an emulsification enhancer. The emulsification enhancer comprises a hydrophobically modified polyether. It has been found that the use of the hydrophobically modified polyether in combination with a surfactant provides a stable silicone emulsion.

[0044] The compositions of the present invention comprise a silicone resin, which includes organopolysiloxane resins that may contain M, D, T, and Q units as known and understood in the art, where: M is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO 1 / 2 ; D is R 4 R 5 SiO 2 / 2 ; T is R 6 SiO 3 / 2 and Q is SiO 4 / 2 where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, OR 16 or divalent hydrocarbon radical OR 17 O, where R 16 are independently selected from H or a C1-C10 hydrocarbon radical, and R 17 are independently selected from divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon radicals. The hydrocarbon radicals can be unsubstituted, substituted, straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated. The hydrocarbon radicals can be aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6are independently selected from monovalent C1-C30 hydrocarbons. Examples of suitable hydrocarbon groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, n-hexenyl, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, butadienyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, alkyl, Examples of alkyl groups include substituted phenyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, n-butyloxy, t-butyloxy, isobutyloxy, n-pentoxy, neopentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-hebutoxy, n-octoxy, phenoxy, vinyloxy, allyloxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, 2-aminoethoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino, benzylamino, ethanolamino, and diethanolamino groups. 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is methyl. In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is independently selected from methyl and phenyl. In one embodiment, the silicone resin comprises M, D, and / or T units, where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is methyl, and in some other embodiments the silicone resin comprises M, D, and / or T units, where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is phenyl.

[0045] Some examples of types of polysiloxane backbone structures include MM, MDM, TD, MT, MDT, MDTQ, MQ, MDQ, and MTQ type polysiloxanes, and combinations of two or more thereof. In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane resin can contain, based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, about 0 to about 50%, about 0 to about 40%, or about 0 to about 25% by weight of M units; about 0 to about 90%, about 0 to about 60%, or about 0 to about 40% by weight of D units; about 0 to 100%, 0 to about 90%, 0 to about 75%, or 0 to about 50% by weight of T units; and about 0 to about 60%, 0 to about 50%, or 0 to about 25% by weight of Q units. It will be understood that the total weight percent of each unit in the polyorganosiloxane adds up to 100 weight percent.

[0046] In one embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane resin is a DTQ type resin and contains about 0.5 to about 60%, about 1 to about 50%, or about 5 to about 30% by weight of D units, about 40 to about 99.5%, about 50 to about 95%, or about 60 to about 80% by weight of T units, and about 0.1 to about 30%, about 1 to about 25%, or about 5 to about 20% by weight of Q units, based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane.

[0047] In one embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane is a DT type resin. In one embodiment, the DT type resin contains about 0.5 to about 60 wt%, about 1 to about 50 wt%, or about 5 to about 30 wt% D units and about 40 to about 99.5 wt%, about 50 to about 95 wt%, or about 60 to about 80 wt% T units, based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane. In one embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane is a DT type resin and contains about 5 to about 50 wt%, about 10 to about 45 wt%, or about 15 to about 40 wt% D units and about 50 to about 95 wt%, about 55 to about 90 wt%, or about 60 to about 85 wt% T units, based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane. In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane is a DT type resin, containing from 5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, of the unit formula CH3SiO 3 / 2 0 to 35% by weight of T units of the formula (CH3)2SiO 2 / 2 15 to 65% by weight of D units of the formula (C6H5)SiO 3 / 2 and 0 to 50% by weight of units of the formula (C6H5)SiO 2 / 2 D units, where there are approximately 1.0 to 1.8 organic radicals for each silicon atom.

[0048] In embodiments, the polyorganosiloxane units optionally contain condensable groups. The condensable groups are OR 16 group or OR 17 O group, and optionally R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 One or more of OR 16 OR 17 O, where R 16 and R 17 is as defined above. In one embodiment, R 16 is H. In one embodiment, R 16 is a monovalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon. In one embodiment, R 17is a divalent C1-C1 hydrocarbon. In one embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane contains from about 0.1% to about 50%, from about 0.5% to about 20%, or from about 1% to about 7% by weight of condensable groups, based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane.

[0049] The silicone resin is present in an amount of about 10% to about 90% by weight, about 20% to about 80% by weight, or about 30% to about 60% by weight, or about 40% to about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0050] Some examples of suitable silicone resins that may be used in the composition include, but are not limited to, silicone resins available from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc., such as, but not limited to, those sold under the trade names SR882M, TSR1452, TSR117, TSR127B, TSR144, SR355, CoatOSil M120XB, and others.

[0051] The composition contains an emulsification enhancer. In one embodiment, the emulsification enhancer is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically modified polyethers and copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified polyethers, where the hydrophobically modified polyethers and copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified polyethers have hydrophobic groups at both ends. It has been found that the hydrophobically modified polyethers function as emulsification enhancers. In one embodiment, the hydrophobically modified polyether is an ABA polyether-based block copolymer, and both ends are modified with hydrophobic groups.

[0052] In one embodiment, the emulsification enhancer has the formula: R 7 -X 1 -AX 2 -R 8 wherein A is a polyether unit; X 1 and X 2 is the linking group, and R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrophobic groups.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, the A component, i.e., the polyether-based unit, may be selected from polyethers or copolymers derived from polyethers, such as polyethers, polyether-derived polyurethanes, polyether-derived polyesters, and the like.

[0054] In one embodiment, the A unit is: -(OR 9 ) m -O-; -(OR 10 ) m -(OR 11 ) n -; -[(OR 12 ) m -OC(O)-NH-R 13 -NH-C(O)] p -(OR 12 ) m -O-; and -[(OR 14 ) m -OC(O)-R 15 -NH-C(O)] q -(OR 14 ) m -O- wherein R is selected from 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are independently a C1-C20 alkylene group; m is 2 or greater than 2; n is 2 or greater than 2; p is 1 or greater than 1; and q is 1 or greater than 1.

[0055] In one embodiment, component A is a polyether group selected from methyleneoxy (-OCH2-), ethyleneoxy (-OCH2CH2-), propyleneoxy (-OCH(CH3)CH2-), trimethyleneoxy (-OCH2CH2CH2-), butyleneoxy (e.g., -OCH2CH2CH2CH2-, -OCH(CH3)CH2CH2-, or -OCH(CH3)CH(CH3)-), and pentamethyleneoxy (-OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-) units.

[0056] In one embodiment, the A component is a polyether copolymer, wherein the polyether groups are selected from methyleneoxy (-OCH2-) units, ethyleneoxy (-OCH2CH2-) units, propyleneoxy (-OCH(CH3)CH2-) units, trimethyleneoxy (-OCH2CH2CH2-) units, butyleneoxy (e.g., -OCH2CH2CH2CH2-, -OCH(CH3)CH2CH2-, or -OCH(CH3)CH(CH3)-) units, pentamethyleneoxy (-OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-) units, or combinations thereof.

[0057] In one embodiment, the linking group X 1 and X 2 are independently: -O-; -OC(O)-NH-; -OC(O)-; -OC(O)-R 18 -; -NH-; -NH-C(O)-; -NH-C(O)-NH-; -N=; -S-; and -SS-; wherein R is selected from 18 is selected from divalent C1-C20 hydrocarbons.

[0058] R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen and a hydrophobic group, with the proviso that R 7and / or R 8 At least one of R is a hydrophobic group. 7 and R 8 are both hydrophobic groups. 7 and R 8 can be the same or different within the same molecule and can be selected from hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, arylalkyl groups, cycloaliphatic groups, perfluoroalkyl groups, carbosilyl groups, polycyclic groups, and others. In one embodiment, the hydrophobic groups are selected from C1-C40 alkyl, C2-C35 alkyl, C5-C30 alkyl, or C8-C25 alkyl. These hydrophobic groups can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain. Specific examples of hydrophobic groups include, but are not limited to, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl groups.

[0059] Examples of suitable hydrophobically modified polyethers include, but are not limited to, those commercially available under the registered trademark AQUAFLOW® from Ashland Corporation, the registered trademark BORCHI® available from Borchers America, Inc., and the registered trademark ACRYSOL® available from Rohm and Haas Company.

[0060] The emulsification enhancer is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0061] The composition includes a surfactant. In one embodiment, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant. The nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited. Suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene propylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, fatty alcohols, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene propylene alkyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers are particularly suitable. Some examples of nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylene octyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl ether, polyoxyethylene decyl ether, polyoxyethylene propylene decyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene propylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether, polyoxyethylene propylene tridecyl ether, polyoxyethylene myristyl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, and polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether. It will be appreciated that the nonionic surfactant may comprise two or more different nonionic surfactants.

[0062] In one embodiment, the surfactant is a sorbitan ester; a polyethoxylated sorbitan ester; an oil derivative (e.g., FinafogPET (trade name), manufactured by Fine Organics); a PEG monolaurate; a polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether (e.g., BRIJ 登録商標 O20, Sigma-Aldrich); polyoxyethylene stearyl ether; polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether branched type (e.g., Igepal 登録商標 CO720, Sigma-Aldrich; poly(oxyethylene) tridecyl ether; PEG-20 sorbitan monolaurate (e.g., Tween 登録商標20, Sigma-Aldrich); PEG-20 sorbitan monooleate (e.g., Tween 登録商標 80, Sigma-Aldrich); sorbitan monostearate (e.g., Span 登録商標 60, Sigma-Aldrich), methacrylate Tween 登録商標 20 (Sigma-Aldrich), Grand 6047 (Grand Organics), Ecosure EH-9 (Dow Chemical), Mecostat 登録商標 3 / 752 (manufactured by Meco), Mecostat 登録商標 3 / 749 (Meco); ethoxylated fatty alcohols (e.g., PRODUCT-33-CH, Esteem Industries); Synative 登録商標 AC EP5LV, manufactured by BASF), or a combination of two or more thereof. In one embodiment, the surfactant is a suitable sorbitan ester. Suitable sorbitan esters include, but are not limited to, Tweens (e.g., Tween 登録商標 20. Tween 登録商標 60, Tween 登録商標 80, Methacrylate Tween 登録商標 20 and others, all manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich), and Span (e.g., Span 登録商標 60).

[0063] In one embodiment, the nonionic surfactant has the following chemical structure: HO-(CHCHO) x -(CH(CH3)CH2O) y (CH2CH2O) x -H, where x+x' is an integer from about 52 to about 200, more specifically from about 125 to about 200, and y is an integer from about 39 to about 68, more specifically from about 39 to about 55. Other suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, propoxylated polyethylene glycols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oil, alkyl polyglycosides, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.

[0064] In various embodiments, the nonionic surfactant has a relatively high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). In embodiments, the nonionic surfactant has an HLB value of about 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.2, 14.5, 15, 15.5, or 16, and / or less than about 30, 25, 20, 19.5, 19, 18.5, 18.1, 18, 17.5, or 17. In one embodiment, the HLB of the nonionic surfactant ranges from about 12 to about 22, from about 14 to about 20, or from about 14 to about 18.

[0065] The composition may optionally contain other surfactants.In one embodiment, the composition optionally contains an ionic surfactant.The ionic surfactant can be selected from an anionic surfactant or its salt.Examples of suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acid surfactants, sulfate ester surfactants, sulfonic acid surfactants, phosphate surfactants, salts of these surfactants, or combinations of two or more of these surfactants.

[0066] Representative, non-limiting examples of carboxylic acid surfactants include, for example, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, polymaleic anhydride, copolymers of maleic acid or maleic anhydride with olefins such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, diisobutylene, and the like, copolymers of acrylic acid and itaconic acid, copolymers of methacrylic acid and itaconic acid, copolymers of maleic acid or maleic anhydride with styrene, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylic acid methyl ester, copolymers of acrylic acid and vinyl acetate, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid or maleic anhydride, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether acetates in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, N-methyl fatty acid sarcosinates in which the fatty acid has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, resin acids, and fatty acids in which the fatty acid has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and salts of these carboxylic acids.

[0067] Representative, non-limiting examples of sulfate ester surfactants include, for example, alkyl sulfates in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkylphenyl ether sulfates in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms; sulfate esters of polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkylphenyl ether polymers in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or triphenyl ether sulfates; polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or tribenzylphenyl ether sulfates; polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or tristyrylphenyl ether sulfates; sulfate esters of polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or tristyrylphenyl ether polymers; sulfate esters of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymers; sulfated oils, sulfated fatty acid esters, sulfated fatty acids, and sulfated olefins; and salts of these sulfate esters.

[0068] Representative, non-limiting examples of sulfonic acid surfactants include, for example, paraffin sulfonic acids in which the paraffin has 8 to 22 carbon atoms, alkyl benzene sulfonic acids in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, formalin condensates of alkyl benzene sulfonic acids in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, formalin condensates of cresol sulfonic acid, α-olefin sulfonic acids in which the alpha olefin has 8 to 16 carbon atoms, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acids in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, lignin sulfonic acid, polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkyl phenyl ether sulfonic acids in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, Examples of sulfonic acids include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinic acid half esters having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, naphthalene sulfonic acid, mono- or dialkylnaphthalene sulfonic acids in which the alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, formalin condensation products of naphthalene sulfonic acid, formalin condensation products of mono- or dialkylnaphthalene sulfonic acids in which the alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, formalin condensation products of creosote oil sulfonic acid, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acids in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, IgeponT (trade name for N-oleoyl-N-methyl taurine sodium salt), polystyrene sulfonic acid, and copolymers of styrene sulfonic acid and methacrylic acid, as well as salts of these sulfonic acids.

[0069] Representative, non-limiting examples of phosphate ester surfactants include, for example, alkyl phosphate esters in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate esters in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkylphenyl ether phosphate esters in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms; phosphate esters of polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or trialkylphenyl ether polymers in which the alkyl group has 4 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or triphenyl ether phosphate esters; polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or tribenzylphenyl ether phosphate esters; polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or tristyrylphenyl ether phosphate esters; phosphate esters of polyoxyethylene mono-, di-, or tristyrylphenyl ether polymers; phosphate esters of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymers; phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolimine, and condensed phosphates such as tripolyphosphate, and salts of these phosphate esters.

[0070] The surfactant salts may comprise the anionic materials described above and a counterion. Suitable counterions for the anionic surfactant salts include, but are not limited to, alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, and the like; alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, and the like; ammonium; and various primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines, including, for example, alkylamines, cycloalkylamines, and alkanolamines.

[0071] Particularly suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sulfonic acids. Examples include the surface-active sulfonates used in emulsion polymerization to form hydroxylated polydiorganosiloxanes, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,294,725, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Alkali metal and sodium salts of these sulfonic acids are particularly suitable. Examples of these sulfonic acids include aliphatic-substituted benzenesulfonic acids, aliphatic-substituted naphthalenesulfonic acids, aliphatic sulfonic acids, silyl alkylsulfonic acids, and aliphatic-substituted diphenyl ether sulfonic acids.

[0072] The surfactant is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, about 1% to about 12% by weight, or about 3% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0073] In one embodiment, the surfactant and emulsifier are provided in a weight ratio of surfactant to emulsifier of about 1:200 to about 200:1, about 1:50 to about 50:1, about 1:10 to about 10:1, or about 1:10 to about 1:1.

[0074] The composition also includes water, which can be provided at a high purity level and can be demineralized, in an amount of about 10% to about 75%, about 15% to about 60%, or about 20% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0075] The composition may include a solvent. In one embodiment, the solvent is selected from hydrocarbon solvents. Examples of suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, the solvent is selected from toluene, xylene, hexane, heptane, isooctane, and the like. The solvent can be present in an amount of about 0% to about 15% by weight, about 0.1% to about 12% by weight, or about 1% to about 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the solvent is added as part of the silicone resin component.

[0076] The composition may contain other additives or resins as desired for the particular application or intended use. Such additives or resins may include, but are not limited to, pigments, silanes, wetting agents, dispersants, rheology modifiers, defoamers, flocculants, organic resins, silicone compounds, and others. The additives may be pre-emulsified or pre-dispersed in water to improve compatibility with the composition. The additives may be present in an amount of about 0% to about 60% by weight, about 0.01% to about 50% by weight, about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0077] In embodiments, the composition may comprise an organic resin, or a hybrid organic-silicone resin, or a hybrid silylated-organic-resin resin. The organic component of the resin is not particularly limited and can be selected as desired for a particular purpose or intended use, for example, polymers based on acrylic, epoxy, alkyd, urethane, urea, ester, or the like. In one embodiment, the organic resin is an aqueous organic resin. In another embodiment, the aqueous organic resin comprises a latex polymer formed by emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in water using a surfactant and a water-soluble initiator. Typical ethylenically unsaturated monomers include vinyl monomers, acrylic monomers, acrylate monomers, methacrylic monomers, methacrylate monomers, acid-functional monomers, allylic monomers, and acrylamide monomers. For architectural applications, the aqueous organic resin(s) may be formed from vinyl monomers and / or acrylic monomers. Suitable vinyl monomers include vinyl esters, vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons, vinyl aliphatic hydrocarbons, vinyl alkyl ethers, or mixtures of two or more thereof. Examples of vinyl esters that may be used include, but are not limited to, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl laurate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl nonanoate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl neodecanoate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl isopropyl acetate, or a combination of two or more thereof. Examples of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons that may be used include, but are not limited to, styrene, methylstyrene and other lower alkyl styrenes, chlorostyrene, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, divinylbenzene, or a combination of two or more thereof.Examples of vinyl aliphatic hydrocarbons that may be used include, but are not limited to, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, as well as alpha-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, hexylene, and octylene, and conjugated dienes such as, but not limited to, 1,3-butadiene, methyl-2-butadiene, 1,3-piperylene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, isoprene, cyclohexadiene, cyclopentadiene, and dicyclopentadiene. Examples of vinyl alkyl ethers that may be used include, but are not limited to, methyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, and isobutyl vinyl ether. Acrylic monomers suitable for use in the present invention include any compound with acrylic functionality, such as, but not limited to, alkyl acrylates, acrylic acid, and aromatic derivatives of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile. Methacrylic monomers suitable for use in the present invention include any compound having methacrylic functionality, such as, but not limited to, alkyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, and aromatic derivatives of methacrylic acid and methacrylamides. Typically, the alkyl acrylate monomers (also referred to herein as "alkyl esters of acrylic acid") and methacrylate monomers (also referred to herein as "alkyl esters of methacrylic acid") have alkyl groups containing 1 to 12, preferably about 1 to 5, carbon atoms per molecule.

[0078] In one embodiment, the organic resin, or hybrid organic-silicone resin, and / or hybrid silylated-organic-resin resin may be present in an amount of from about 0% to about 95%, from about 0.1% to about 50%, or from about 0.1% to about 30%, or from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0079] Suitable acrylic monomers include, but are not limited to, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, and neopentyl acrylate. Aryl acrylate monomers include phenyl acrylate and tolyl acrylate. Aralkyl acrylate monomers include benzyl acrylate and phenethyl acrylate. Cycloalkyl acrylate monomers include cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, and 1-adamantyl acrylate. Various reaction products, such as the reaction products of butyl, phenyl, and cresyl glycidyl ether with acrylic acid, hydroxyl alkyl acrylates such as hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl acrylate, aminoacrylates, and acrylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alpha-chloroacrylic acid, alpha-cyanoacrylic acid, crotonic acid, beta-acryloxypropionic acid, and beta-styrylacrylic acid, can be used as monomers. Suitable methacrylic monomers include, but are not limited to, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, and neopentyl methacrylate. Aryl methacrylate monomers include phenyl methacrylate and tolyl methacrylate. Aralkyl methacrylate monomers include benzyl methacrylate and phenethyl methacrylate. Cycloalkyl methacrylate monomers include cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, and 1-adamantyl methacrylate. Various reaction products, such as the reaction products of butyl, phenyl, and cresyl glycidyl ether with methacrylic acid, hydroxylalkyl methacrylates such as hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl methacrylate, amino methacrylates, and methacrylic acids such as beta-styryl methacrylic acid, can be used as monomers.

[0080] In one embodiment, the organic resin, or hybrid organic-silicone resin, and / or hybrid silylated-organic-resin resin may comprise an acrylic monomer in an amount of about 0% to about 100% by weight, about 0.1% to about 100% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 50% by weight, or about 0.5% to about 30% by weight, or 0.5% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0081] Pigments may be used to provide color, opacity, protect the substrate from UV rays, increase hardness, reduce spreadability, and / or adjust gloss levels. Pigments may be synthetic or natural. Inorganic or organic pigments may be used. Examples of pigments may include clay, calcium carbonate, mica, metal powders, silica, talc, calcined clay, barium sulfate, precipitated calcium carbonate, synthetic pyrogenic silica, and others, or combinations thereof.

[0082] Examples of inorganic pigments include, but are not limited to, sulfur-containing sodium and aluminum silicate (Ultramarine Violet) and the naturally occurring composite pigment of sulfur-containing sodium silicate (Na 8-10 Al6Si6O 24 S 2-4 ) (ultramarine); barium copper pigments such as Chinese purple (BaCuSi2O6) and dark blue (BaCu2Si2O7), calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi4O 10 ), copper pigments such as copper acetoarsenite (Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2), and synthetic pigments such as copper acetoarsenite (Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2); barium pigments such as barium sulfate (BaSO4); manganese pigments such as manganese ammonium pyrophosphate (NH4MnP2O7); cobalt pigments such as cobalt stannate (CoO3Sn), potassium cobalt nitrite (Na3Co(NO2)6), cobalt chromite (CoCr2O4), and cobalt titanate (Co2TiO4); hexacyanoferrate (Fe7(CN) 18iron pigments, such as synthetic pigments such as ferric oxide monohydrate (Fe2O3.H2O) and naturally occurring clays such as anhydrous Fe2O3; cadmium pigments, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium sulfoselenide (Cd2SSe), and cadmium selenide (CdSe); chromium pigments, such as chromium oxide (Cr2O3), chromium oxide hydrate (Cr2O3.H2O), the natural pigment lead chromate (PbCrO4), and the naturally occurring pigment mixture consisting of a complex of lead(II) chromate and lead(II) oxide (PbCrO4 + PbO); arsenic pigments, such as monoclinic arsenic sulfide (As2S3). lead pigments such as antimony lead (Pb(SbO3)2, basic lead carbonate ((PbCO3)2, Pb(OH)2); mercury pigments such as mercury sulfide (HgS); carbon pigments such as carbon black; antimony pigments such as antimony oxide (Sb2O3); zinc pigments such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc chromate (ZnCrO4); titanium pigments such as titanium-antimony-nickel composite oxide (NiO.Sb2O3.20TiO2) or titanium dioxide (TiO2); sulfur-containing composite sodium silicate (Na) containing lazurite, known as ultramarine blue. 5-10 Al6Si6O 24 S 2-4 ), and others.

[0083] Examples of organic pigments include, but are not limited to, diarylide aniline yellow pigments; benzimidazole yellow dyes; heterocyclic yellow dyes; disazo condensed yellow dyes such as arylide yellow, isoindoline yellow, methane yellow, tetrachloroisoindolinone yellow, azomethine yellow, quinophthalone yellow, or triazinyl yellow, naphthol orange, karyon red, benzimidazolone orange; 32 H3Cl 13 CuN8 to C 32 HCl 15 Phthalocyanine green dyes, copper phthalocyanine, with formulas in the range CuN8; 8,18-dichloro-5,15-diethyl-5,15-dihydrodiindolo(3,2-b:3',2'-m) triphenodioxazine, known as dioxazine violet, or others.

[0084] In one embodiment, the pigment may be present in an amount of from about 0% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0085] Fillers may be used to thicken the film, reinforce the binder, provide texture to the paint, increase the volume of the paint, and may include diatomaceous earth, talc, lime, barite such as barium sulfate, clay, kaolin clay, precipitated or ground calcium carbonate, chalk, limestone, marble, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, fine quartz, silicates, metal powders, etc., or combinations thereof.

[0086] In one embodiment, the filler may be present in an amount of about 0% to about 90%, about 0.1% to about 60%, or about 0.1% to about 30%, or about 0.5% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0087] Additives may perform a variety of functions, such as modifying surface tension, flow and leveling properties, appearance, gloss, texture, improving wet edge and / or anti-freeze properties, improving pigment stability, controlling foaming and / or skinning, modifying rheology, modifying mar resistance, and acting as catalysts, driers, thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, texturizers, adhesion promoters, UV stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, texturizers, matting agents, biocides, fungicides, insecticides, algicides, or combinations thereof.

[0088] Examples of additives include silicone polyether copolymers, dispersions of high molecular weight polysiloxanes or polydimethylsiloxanes, and silicone surfactants as additives to increase mar resistance and provide or improve sliding properties; ethylene oxide surfactants; silicone emulsions, fluorosilicones, and organo-modified silicone copolymers as additives to provide foam control; aqueous solutions of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, cationic vinylbenzyl and amino-functional methoxysilanes, glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, silanol-functional additives, and amino-functional silicone polymers as adhesion promoters and pigment treatment additives; silane / siloxane mixtures as additives to improve water resistance; arylalkyl-modified silicones and silicone polyether copolymers as additives to improve leveling and gloss; silicone elastomer particles with epoxy functionality to improve abrasion resistance and impart a smooth, matte finish; silicone polyether copolymers as additives to improve substrate wetting; and 2,2'-(2,5-thiophenediyl)bis(5- tert-Butylbenzoxazole; 2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)]-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenyl as UV light absorbers; tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, stearyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) as stabilizers; tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 3 as biocides -Iodo-2-propylbutylcarbamate, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, diiodomethyl-para-tolyl sulfone, N-(trimethylthio)phthalamine, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; 2-(4-thiazolyl(benzimidazole), dichlorooctylisothiazolone as fungicides / algicides; potassium sodium phosphate as buffer; hydrophobic copolymer polyelectrolytes as pigment dispersants; modified hydroxyethyl methylcellulose as thickeners; modified polyols as antifoaming agents; ester alcohols as flocculants;talc as an additive to provide porosity, fastness, crack resistance, and barrier properties to the pigment; water-soluble butyl acrylate-styrene copolymer as a dispersant; and (N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and aqueous acetic acid as a catalyst. Any other additives used in interior and exterior paints are also contemplated.

[0089] In one embodiment, the composition consists essentially of a silicone resin, a surfactant, water, and an emulsification enhancer. In one embodiment, the composition is substantially free of solvents other than water. That is, the composition may contain non-aqueous solvents in an amount of 15% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, and more preferably 1% by weight or less of the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the composition may be completely free of non-aqueous solvents. Such non-aqueous solvents may include, but are not limited to, organic solvents.

[0090] Silicone emulsions can be prepared by mixing surfactants, emulsifiers, and silicone resins to produce an oil-in-water emulsion. Other optional additives (e.g., dispersants, wetting agents, pigments, etc.) can be added with these components or to these components at any time during the formation of the emulsion.

[0091] In one embodiment, the silicone emulsion is prepared by (i) contacting a nonionic surfactant with an emulsification enhancer to form a first mixture; (ii) homogenizing the first mixture to form a homogenized mixture; and (iii) adding a silicone resin to the homogenized mixture to form an oil-in-water emulsion. Each component can be dissolved in water as needed. Heating may be applied, if necessary, to effectively dissolve the components. In one embodiment, the emulsion can be formed at a temperature of about 20°C to about 80°C, about 25°C to about 75°C, about 30°C to about 60°C, or about 40°C to about 50°C. The viscosity of the resulting emulsion can be adjusted by varying the amount of water included in the mixture. This is best achieved by first forming a premix containing the cellulose ether and silicone resin along with a portion of the water. This premix can be emulsified by combining it with the anionic surfactant and the remaining water. The accompanying examples show that water may be added in three portions.

[0092] This silicone emulsion can be added to a paint or coating composition. For the purposes of this invention, paints and coatings refer to any liquid, liquefiable, or liquid resin composition that is converted to a solid film after application to a substrate. Paints and coatings can be solvent-based or water-based. Examples of paint and coating systems include, but are not limited to, alkyd resin systems; emulsion / latex paints or acrylic paints; polyurethane emulsions; polyurethane dispersions; polyester emulsions; epoxy emulsions; polyester emulsions; high-solids paints with low volatile organic compound content; powder coatings; or radiation-cured coatings.

[0093] The paint or coating may be applied to any surface as desired for a particular purpose or intended use. The paint and coating may be any paint or coating suitable for interior and / or exterior use, such as coatings on masonry, plaster, cellulose, etc. The paint or coating may be applied with or without a pre-coat of adhesive primer to surfaces such as, but not limited to, metals such as aluminum, wood, cement, brick, etc. The paint or coating may be applied to a surface by any suitable means, such as brushing, spraying, etc.

[0094] The following examples illustrate embodiments of materials according to the disclosed technology. These examples are intended to illustrate implementations and embodiments of the disclosed technology and are not intended to limit the claims or disclosure to those particular embodiments.

[0095] Example

[0096] Table 1 outlines the ingredients used in the examples, along with their sources.

[0097] [Table 1]

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] 8.88 g of Product 33CH (nonionic surfactant; HLB approximately 18) was weighed and dissolved in 33.21 g of deionized water at 80°C. 登録商標Using a disperser (available from VMA Getzmann), 5.92 g of Grand 6047 (nonionic surfactant; HLB approximately 13) was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35°C. 91.95 g of silanol-terminated silicone resin (SR-1) with a methyl to phenyl molar ratio of 1.27 and a T to D molar ratio of 2.75 was prestripped from approximately 13% xylene and added to the vessel at room temperature and dispersed for 20 minutes. Finally, 42.84 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] 12.00 g of Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 44.85 g of deionized water at 80°C. 8.00 g of Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35°C using a Dispermat disperser. 91.95 g of silicone resin SR-1 was pre-stripped from approximately 13% xylene and added to the vessel at room temperature and dispersed for 20 minutes. Finally, 43.2 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm.

[0102] Example 1

[0103] 8.88 g of Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 33.25 g of deionized water at 80°C. 5.92 g of Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35°C using a Dispermat disperser. A 17.2 g quantity of Aquaflow NLS-220 was added and thoroughly mixed with the Product 33CH and Grand 6047 solution. 91.95 g of Silicone Resin SR-1, pre-stripped from approximately 13% xylene, was then added to the container at room temperature and dispersed for 20 minutes. A water-reducible, viscous paste immediately formed. Finally, 42.8 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm. The water-dilutable emulsion was then characterized and found to have a solids content of 51.02% (measured after heating in a 150°C oven for 30 minutes) and a particle size of approximately 0.590 micrometers for 50% of the emulsion's particle dispersion (using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000).

[0104] Example 2

[0105] 7.92 g of Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 29.88 g of deionized water at 80° C. Using a Dispermat disperser, 5.4 g of Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35° C. Rheovis 登録商標 PE1331 was added in an amount of 15.48 g and thoroughly mixed with the Product 33CH and Grand 6047 solution. Then, 79.74 g of Silicone Resin SR-1 was pre-stripped from approximately 8.4% xylene and added to the container at room temperature and allowed to disperse for 15 minutes. A water-reducible, viscous paste immediately formed. Finally, 41.58 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm. The water-reducible emulsion was then characterized and found to have a solids content of 51.00% (measured after heating in a 150°C oven for 30 minutes) and a particle size of approximately 1.2 micrometers for 50% of the emulsion's particle dispersion (using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000).

[0106] Example 3

[0107] 4.4 g of Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 16.6 g of deionized water at 80° C. Using a Dispermat disperser, 3 g of Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35° C. Rheovis 登録商標 PU1291 was added in an amount of 8.6 g and thoroughly mixed with the Product 33CH and Grand 6047 solution. Then, 44.3 g of Silicone Resin SR-1 was pre-stripped from approximately 8.4% xylene and added to the container at room temperature and allowed to disperse for 15 minutes. A water-reducible, viscous paste immediately formed. Finally, 23.1 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm. The water-reducible emulsion was then characterized and found to have a solids content of 47.30% (measured after heating in a 150°C oven for 30 minutes) and a particle size of approximately 1.4 micrometers for 50% of the emulsion's particle dispersion (using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000).

[0108] Example 4

[0109] 7.99 g of Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 29.88 g of deionized water at 80° C. Using a Dispermat disperser, 5.33 g of Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35° C. Rheovis 登録商標PE1331 was added in an amount of 15.48 g and thoroughly mixed with the Product 33CH and Grand 6047 solution. Then, 91.35 g of silanol-terminated silicone resin (SR-2) in toluene with 80% solids, a methyl to phenyl molar ratio of 0.66, and a T to D molar ratio of 1.5 was added to the container at room temperature and allowed to disperse for 15 minutes. A water-reducible viscous paste immediately formed. Finally, 26.9 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm. The water-reducible emulsion was then characterized and found to have a solids content of 47.04% (measured after heating in an oven at 150°C for 30 minutes) and a particle size of approximately 0.652 micrometers for 50% of the emulsion's particle dispersion (using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000).

[0110] Example 5

[0111] 8.4 g of Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 36.32 g of deionized water at 80°C. 5.6 g of Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35°C using a Dispermat disperser. A 17.2 g quantity of Aquaflow NLS-220 was added and thoroughly mixed with the Product 33CH and Grand 6047 solution. Then, 99.04 g of silanol-terminated silicone resin (SR-3), 100% methyl and 100% T, pre-stripped from approximately 17% toluene, was added to the container at room temperature and dispersed for 15 minutes. A water-reducible, viscous paste immediately formed. Finally, 33.44 g of deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm. The water-dilutable emulsion was then characterized and found to have a solids content of 55.17% (measured after heating in a 150°C oven for 30 minutes) and a particle size of approximately 0.278 micrometers for 50% of the particle dispersion of the emulsion (using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000).

[0112] Example 6

[0113] 5% Product 33CH was weighed and dissolved in 15.7% deionized water at 80°C. 3.4% Grand 6047 was mixed with the Product 33CH solution at 500 rpm and 35°C using a Dispermat disperser. Aquaflow NLS-220 was added at 4% capacity and thoroughly mixed with the Product 33CH and Grand 6047 solutions. 42.3% silanol-terminated silicone resin (SR-1), pre-stripped from approximately 4% xylene, was then added to the vessel at 55°C and dispersed for 15 minutes. A water-reducible, viscous paste was immediately formed. Finally, 29.6% deionized water was added in three portions at 10-minute intervals at 1000 rpm, and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. The water-dilutable emulsion was then characterized and found to have a solids content of 50.3% (measured after heating in a 150°C oven for 30 minutes) and a particle size of approximately 0.670 micrometers for 50% of the emulsion's particle dispersion (using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000).

[0114] A summary of the compositions is provided in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the comparative examples did not form water-dilutable, stable emulsions. Emulsification using surfactants alone resulted in incomplete emulsions. Compositions containing emulsifiers formed stable emulsions and were water-dilutable upon emulsification.

[0115] [Table 2]

[0116] As shown in Table 2, compositions according to embodiments of the present invention (Example 1) that include an emulsification enhancer of the present invention (e.g., Aquaflow NLS-220 of Example 1) readily and surprisingly resulted in aqueous emulsions, whereas the comparative compositions (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) did not achieve complete emulsification. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention (Example 1) resulted in emulsions that exhibited high stability.

[0117] The foregoing description includes examples of the present specification. Of course, for purposes of describing the present specification, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of the present specification are possible. Accordingly, the present specification is intended to embrace all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent the term "comprising" is used in the detailed description or the claims, it is intended to be inclusive in the same manner as "including," but in the same manner as "comprising" is interpreted when used as a transitional term in the claims.

[0118] The foregoing description reveals various non-limiting embodiments of silicone emulsions, methods for making silicone emulsions, and coating compositions containing such emulsions. Modifications may occur to those skilled in the art and those making and using the invention. The disclosed embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or subject matter set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. 1. A composition comprising: Silicone resin; surfactants; Water; and Contains an emulsifier, wherein the emulsification enhancer is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically modified polyethers and copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified polyethers, wherein the hydrophobically modified polyethers and copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified polyethers have hydrophobic groups at both ends of the composition.

2. 10. The composition of claim 1 consisting essentially of a silicone resin, a surfactant, water, and an emulsifier.

3. The emulsifier has the general formula: R ７ -X １ -A-X ２ -R ８ wherein A is a polyether; X １ and X ２ is independently selected from a linking group selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polyurethanes derived from polyethers, and polyesters derived from polyethers; and R ７ and R ８ The composition of claim 1 , wherein:

4. A is: -(O-R ９ ) ｍ -O-; -(O-R １０ ) ｍ -O-(O-R １１ ) ｎ ; -[(O-R １２ ) ｍ -O-C(O)-NH-R １３ -NH-C(O)] ｐ -(O-R １２ ) ｍ -O-; -[(O-R １４ ) ｍ -O-C(O)-R １５ -NH-C(O)] ｑ -(O-R １４ ) ｍ -O- wherein R ９ , R １０ , R １１ , R １２ , R １３ , R １４ and R １５ are each independently a C1-C20 alkylene group; m is 2 or greater than 2; n is 2 or greater than 2; p is 1 or greater than 1; and q is 1 or greater than 1.

5. A comprises a polyether or copolymer thereof, wherein the polyether is (—OCH ２ -) m, (-OCH ２ CH ２ -)m, (-OCH(CH ３ ) CH ２ -) m, (-OCH ２ CH ２ CH ２ -) m, (-OCH ２ CH ２ CH ２ CH ２ -)m, (-OCH(CH ３ ) CH ２ CH ２ -)m, (-OCH(CH ３ ) CH(CH ３ )-)m, (-OCH ２ CH ２ CH ２ CH ２ CH ２ 5. The composition of claim 3 or 4, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

6. X １ and X ２ are each independently: —O—; —O—C(O)—NH—; —O—C(O)—; —O—C(O)—R １８ -; -NH-; -NH-C(O)-; -NH-C(O)-NH-; -N=; -S-; and -S-S-; and R １８ The composition of claim 4 or 5, wherein is a divalent C1-C20 hydrocarbon.

7. R ７ and R ８ are each independently hydrogen or a hydrophobic group, provided that R ７ and R ８ 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein at least one of the groups is a hydrophobic group.

8. R ７ and R ８ The composition of claim 7 , wherein each is a hydrophobic group.

9. R ７ and R ８ The composition of claim 8, wherein each is independently C1-C40 alkyl.

10. R ７ and R ８ The composition of claim 9, wherein each is independently a C8-C25 alkyl.

11. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.

12. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of about 12 to about 30.

13. 13. The composition of claim 11 or 12, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene propylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, or combinations of two or more thereof.

14. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of surfactant to emulsifier is from about 1:200 to about 200:1 by weight.

15. The silicone resin is an organopolysiloxane selected from the group consisting of MM-type, MDM-type, TD-type, MT-type, MDT-type, MDTQ-type, MQ-type, MDQ-type, and / or MTQ-type resins, wherein: M is R １ R ２ R ３ SiO １／２ ; D is R ４ R ５ SiO ２／２ ; T is R ６ SiO ３／２ and Q is SiO ４／２ and In the formula R １ , R ２ , R ３ , R ４ , R ５ , and R ６ and each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon.

16. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the silicone resin comprises, based on the weight of the organopolysiloxane, about 0 to about 50 weight percent M units; about 0 to about 90 weight percent D units; about 0 to 100 weight percent T units; and about 0 to about 60 weight percent Q units.

17. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the silicone resin is a DTQ type resin and contains from about 0.5 to about 60% by weight of D units, from about 40 to about 99.5% by weight of T units, and from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight of Q units.

18. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the silicone resin is a DT type resin and contains from about 5 to about 50% by weight of D units and from about 50 to about 95% by weight of T units.

19. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the silicone resin is a DT type resin and contains from about 15 to about 40% by weight of D units and from about 60 to about 85% by weight of T units.

20. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the silicone resin is a T-type resin and comprises 100% by weight of T units.

21. The silicone resin contains about 5 to 40% by weight of the unit formula CH based on the weight of the organopolysiloxane. ３ SiO ３／２ 0 to 35% by weight of T units of the formula (CH ３ ) ２ SiO ２／２ 15 to 65% by weight of units of formula (C ６ H ５ ) SiO ３／２ and 0 to 50% by weight of units of the formula (C ６ H ５ ) SiO ２／２ 16. The composition of claim 15, comprising D units of the formula:

22. 22. The composition of any one of claims 15-21, wherein the silicone resin contains from about 0.1 to about 50 weight percent condensable groups.

23. 22. The composition of any one of claims 15-21, wherein the silicone resin contains from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent condensable groups.

24. 22. The composition of any one of claims 15-21, wherein the silicone resin comprises from about 1 to about 7 weight percent condensable groups.

25. The condensable group is OR １６ or a divalent hydrocarbon radical OR １７ O, where R １６ are independently selected from H or a C1-C10 hydrocarbon radical, and R １７ are independently selected from divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon radicals.

26. Silicone resins have the formula: (R ４ R ５ SiO ２／２ ) ａ (R ６ SiO ３／２ ) ｂ where R ４ , R ５ , and R ６ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon; a≧0 and b≧1; and a+b≧2.

27. 27. The composition of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the silicone resin comprises from about 1 to about 7 weight percent condensable groups.

28. The condensable group is OR １６ or a divalent hydrocarbon radical OR １７ O, where R １６ are independently selected from H or a C1-C10 hydrocarbon radical, and R １７ are independently selected from divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon radicals.

29. 29. The composition of any one of claims 1-28, wherein the composition is substantially free of solvents other than water.

30. A coating comprising the composition of any one of claims 1-29.

31. 31. An article comprising the coating of claim 30, wherein the coating is disposed on a surface of the article.

32. 1. A method for preparing an emulsion, comprising: contacting water, a surfactant, an emulsification enhancer, and a silicone resin to form a mixture; and homogenizing the mixture to form an emulsion, wherein the emulsification enhancer is selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobically modified polyether and a copolymer derived from a polyether, and the hydrophobically modified polyether has hydrophobic groups at both ends.

33. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the formation of the emulsion is carried out at a temperature of about 20°C to about 80°C.

34. 34. A silicone emulsion prepared by the method of claim 32 or 33.

35. 35. The silicone emulsion of claim 34, wherein the emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion.

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