Ophthalmic lenses with transitional light scattering centers for managing myopia - Patent Application 20070122999

Abstract

An ophthalmic lens for reducing the progression of myopia is disclosed. The ophthalmic lens includes a lens body having a first curved surface and a second curved surface and a central point, and a light diffusion zone with a plurality of scattering centers sized and shaped to scatter incident light, the scattering centers having a density that varies across the light diffusion zone. The light diffusion zone includes a first zone surrounding the central point, the first zone having the highest density of scattering centers in the light diffusion zone, and a second zone between the first zone and the central point, the second zone having a lower density of scattering centers than the first zone. The second zone extends in at least one radial direction from the central point to a point on the lens that is 15 mm or more from the central point.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention features ophthalmic lenses for addressing myopia and managing myopia progression, and more particularly, ophthalmic lenses having a transition zone. [Background technology]

[0002] The eye is an optical sensor in which light from an external source is focused by a lens onto the retina, an array of wavelength-dependent photodetectors. Each of the various shapes that the eye lens can adopt is associated with a focal length at which external light rays are optimally or near-optimally focused to produce an inverted image on the surface of the retina that corresponds to the external image observed by the eye. In each of the various shapes that the eye lens can adopt, the eye lens optimally or near-optimally focuses light emitted by or reflected by external objects within a range of distances from the eye and suboptimally focuses or fails to focus objects outside that range of distances.

[0003] In people with normal vision, the axial length of the eye, or the distance from the lens to the plane of the retina, corresponds to the focal length for optimal near-focusing of distant objects. The eye of a person with normal vision focuses on distant objects without neural input to muscles that exert forces to change the shape of the eye's lens, a process called "accommodation." Nearer, up-close objects are focused by normal people as a result of accommodation.

[0004] However, many people suffer from eye length-related disorders, such as myopia (nearsightedness). In myopic people, the axial length of the eye is longer than the axial length required to focus on distant objects without accommodation. As a result, myopic people can see close objects clearly, but more distant objects are blurred. While myopic people are generally able to accommodate, the average distance at which they can focus objects is shorter than that of people with normal vision.

[0005] Typically, infants are born hyperopic, with eye lengths shorter than those required for optimal or near-optimal focusing of distant objects without accommodation. During normal eye development, known as "emmetropization," the axial length of the eye increases relative to other eye dimensions to a length that achieves optimal near-optimal focusing of distant objects without accommodation. Ideally, as the eye grows to its final adult size, biological processes maintain a near-optimal relative eye length relative to eye size. However, in myopic individuals, the axial length of the eye relative to overall eye size continues to increase during development beyond the length that achieves near-optimal focusing of distant objects, which may ultimately result in high myopia.

[0006] Myopia is believed to be caused by behavioral factors as well as genetic factors. Therefore, myopia can be alleviated by a treatment device that targets behavioral factors. For example, a treatment device for treating eye length-related disorders, including myopia, is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 2011 / 0313058A1. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Application No. 2011 / 0313058A1 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 10,884,264B2 [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] https: / / www.slrlounge.com / diffraction-apertue-and-starburst-effects / [Non-patent document 2] http: / / www.montana.edu / jshaw / documents / 18%20EELE582_S15_OTFMTF.pdf [Non-patent document 3] ASTM D1003 [Non-patent document 4] BS EN ISO 13468 Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] Ophthalmic lenses, including spectacle lenses and contact lenses, are disclosed that reduce contrast signals at the level of the cone photoreceptors in the retina, which are responsible for eye length growth. The lenses include a treatment zone incorporating a light-diffusing area with multiple zones that achieve varying amounts of light scattering. Generally, the treatment zone includes two zones: 1. a zone of maximum scattering centers; and 2. a transition zone between the zone of maximum scattering centers and the center point of the lens. The transition zone achieves a lower level of light scattering than the zone of maximum scattering. In some examples, the lower level of light scattering results from a lower density of scattering centers in the transition zone compared to the maximum scattering zone. The lenses can include a clear central opening, e.g., including the center point of the lens, and the transition zone can be radially disposed between the clear opening and the maximum scattering zone. The maximum scattering zone occupies at least a portion (e.g., all) of the wearer's peripheral vision, and light scattered from this zone achieves sufficient contrast reduction of the image at the retina to reduce the signal that drives eye growth and thus slow the progression of myopia. The transition zone between the clear central zone and the maximum scattering zone provides a transition in the forward and back scattering ratios from the clear central zone to the maximum scattering zone, and in some instances, the transition zone reduces back scattering and the conspicuousness of the scattering central pattern to the observer without significantly reducing the therapeutic effect of the lens.

[0010] Alternatively or additionally, the transition zone may provide a gradual transition from no light scattering (at the clear aperture) or low levels of light scattering (e.g., along the visual axis) to the maximum scattering zone. A gradual transition over a sufficiently large area of ​​the lens may provide a more comfortable user experience for the wearer compared to a similar lens without a transition zone or with a small transition zone.

[0011] It is believed that the reduced prominence of the scattering center pattern due to the transition zone may result in more consistent use by certain wearers, particularly children, who may be self-conscious during daily use of an otherwise more conspicuous device (e.g., at school or among peers otherwise) and / or may be less inclined to regularly wear lenses that offer less visual comfort. For example, a graduated scattering center pattern comprising a large transition zone surrounding the aperture can be used to reduce the conspicuousness of the pattern to bystanders.

[0012] Among other advantages, the disclosed embodiments feature eyeglasses that include features that reduce the signals in the retina responsible for eye length growth on the lens for both eyes without disrupting the user's on-axis vision in either eye to an extent that causes confusion for the user. For example, providing a scattering central pattern that gently blurs the wearer's peripheral vision while allowing normal on-axis vision through a clear central aperture can enable all-day, every-day wear.

[0013] Additionally, scattering centers can be made nearly imperceptible to others, especially if the scattering centers are transparent, which can have a positive impact on consistency of use as the conspicuousness of the device reduces the likelihood of consistent use by certain users, such as children, who tend to be self-conscious during periods of use.

[0014] The scattering center pattern can also be optimized for viewer comfort. For example, a pattern featuring a transition zone provides a gradual transition from the clear viewing zone to the peripheral zone of the lens in the viewer's field of view. In some examples, random jitter can be added to the pattern (e.g., in scattering center size and / or spacing). Such randomization can reduce unwanted optical effects (e.g., diffraction or interference effects) related to a uniform array of optical features. For example, random jitter can be used to reduce the glare experienced by the user. Reducing diffraction or interference effects in reflections can also reduce the conspicuousness of the pattern to third parties.

[0015] Disclosed embodiments feature devices with strategically placed patterns to mitigate eye elongation. These devices can be effectively and economically formed on conventional ophthalmic lenses, for example, by forming scattering centers on the surface or within the volume of the lens. The success of the treatment in addressing and preventing myopia progression is enhanced with consistent use, and can be made more likely by providing the user with a discreet, low-saliency lens during daily use.

[0016] While the below embodiment features eyeglass lenses, implementations using contact lenses are also possible.

[0017] Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following disclosure, the drawings, and the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 illustrates a pair of eyeglasses including ophthalmic lenses for addressing myopia and reducing myopia progression. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B shows a portion of the array of scattering centers for the ophthalmic lens shown in FIG. 1A. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1 illustrates scattering centers with random deviations from uniform spacing. [Figure 2A] 1A-1C illustrate examples of pre-edged eyeglass lenses for addressing myopia and managing myopia progression, including a light diffusing area with a transition zone. [Figure 2B] 2B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through an exemplary light diffusing area as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 2A. [Figure 2C] 2B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through another exemplary light diffusing region as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 2A. [Figure 2D] 2B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through yet another exemplary light diffusing region as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 2A. [Figure 2E] 2B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through a further exemplary light diffusing region as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 2A. [Figure 2F] 2B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through yet a further exemplary light diffusing region as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 2A. [Figure 3A] FIG. 10 shows another example of a pre-edged eyeglass lens for addressing myopia and reducing myopia progression, including a light diffusing area with a transition zone. [Figure 3B] 3B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through an exemplary light diffusing area as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 3A. [Figure 4A] 10A-10C show further examples of pre-edged eyeglass lenses for addressing myopia and reducing myopia progression, including a light diffusing area with a transition zone. [Figure 4B] 4B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through an exemplary light diffusing area as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 4A. [Figure 4C] 4B is a plot showing the density of scattering centers through an exemplary light diffusing area as a function of radius for the eyeglass lens shown in FIG. 4A. The radial direction is perpendicular to the radial direction shown in FIG. 4B. [Figure 5A]1A-1C show examples of scattering center patterns in a light scattering area including a transition zone. [Figure 5B] 1A-1C show examples of scattering center patterns in a light scattering area including a transition zone. [Figure 6A] 1A-1C show examples of scattering center patterns in a light scattering area including a transition zone. [Figure 6B] 1A-1C show examples of scattering center patterns in a light scattering area including a transition zone. [Figure 7A] 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary lens having scattering centers formed from protrusions on the surface of the lens. [Figure 7B] 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary lens having scattering centers formed from depressions on the surface of the lens. [Figure 7C] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another exemplary lens having scattering inclusions between opposing surfaces of the lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate like elements.

[0020] Referring to FIG. 1A , a pair of eyeglasses 100 for addressing myopia and reducing myopia progression includes a pair of lenses 110a and 110b framed and mounted within an eyeglass frame 101. Each lens includes a first portion 150 of the lens for the wearer's distance and near vision and a light diffusion area 120 covering a second portion of the lens corresponding to the wearer's peripheral vision. First portion 150 includes a center point 152 of each lens, which may correspond to where the wearer's visual axis intersects with the lens when the wearer looks straight ahead. The second portion corresponds to light diffusion area 160. An edge 170 of the lens surrounding light diffusion area 120 is clear, although in certain instances, the light diffusion area may extend into frame 101. Generally, lenses 110a and 110b may be plano lenses, single-vision lenses (e.g., having positive or negative refractive power), or multivision lenses (e.g., bifocal or progressive lenses).

[0021] In general, the pattern of scattering centers within the light diffusing zone 160 can vary. In some examples, at least a portion of the light diffusing zone 160 can include a uniform scattering center pattern with scattering centers having the same shape and size, as depicted in FIG. 1B , which shows a portion 162 of the light diffusing zone 160 in lens 110 a. Generally, each scattering center 210 has the same size and shape, e.g., a circle with a diameter d, and a spacing, e.g., a spacing D in the x-direction. x and spacing D in the y direction y Typically, a smaller scattering center spacing will result in a greater contrast reduction (provided that adjacent scattering centers do not overlap or merge).

[0022] In general, D x and D y is in the range of about 0.05 mm (e.g., about 0.1 mm or more, about 0.15 mm or more, about 0.2 mm or more, about 0.25 mm or more, about 0.3 mm or more, about 0.35 mm or more, about 0.4 mm or more, about 0.45 mm or more, about 0.5 mm or more, about 0.55 mm or more, about 0.6 mm or more, about 0.65 mm or more, about 0.7 mm or more, about 0.75 mm or more) to about 2 mm (e.g., about 1.9 mm or less, about 1.8 mm or less, about 1.7 mm or less, about 1.6 mm or less, about 1.5 mm or less, about 1.4 mm or less, about 1.3 mm or less, about 1.2 mm or less, about 1.1 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 0.9 mm or less, about 0.8 mm or less). By way of example, the scattering center spacing may be 0.55 mm, 0.365 mm, or 0.240 mm.

[0023] Generally, the scattering centers are spaced so that collectively they provide sufficient forward scattering to reduce contrast between adjacent cone photoreceptors in the wearer's retina, slowing the progression of myopia. Generally, the scattering centers 210 may be provided by forming protrusions and / or recesses on one or both surfaces of each lens and / or by forming scattering inclusions within the lens material itself.

[0024] While the scattering centers shown in FIG. 1B are equally spaced in the x and y directions, more generally, the spacing in each direction may vary. Furthermore, the scattering centers may be arranged on a non-square grid. For example, a hexagonal or circular grid may be used. Irregular arrangements are also possible. For example, random or semi-random scattering center placement may be used. In the case of a random pattern, the spacing D in the x direction may be x and the spacing D in the y direction y may be the average spacing of the scattering centers in the x and y directions, respectively. In a circular pattern, the spacing may measure the distance along an arc connecting the centers of the scattering centers. Alternatively or additionally, the angular difference between scattering centers at approximately the same radial distance from the center of lens 110 may measure, for example, a spacing of about one scattering center per angle for a given radius.

[0025] In some examples, the scattering center pattern includes scattering centers that are randomly displaced relative to a regular array. Introducing random displacements can reduce optical effects associated with regularly spaced scattering centers, such as starburst-type glare. See, for example, https: / / www.slrlounge.com / diffraction-aperture-and-starburst-effects / , which describes the starburst effect as it relates to photography. Thus, including random displacements in the scattering center pattern can provide a more pleasant experience for users compared to a similar scattering center pattern in which the scattering centers are uniformly spaced. Alternatively or additionally, randomizing the scattering center pattern can reduce optical effects (e.g., diffraction or interference effects) that appear in reflected light, making the scattering center pattern less noticeable to an observer.

[0026] The random displacement is illustrated in FIG. 1C, where adjacent lattice sites are spaced apart by a distance D from each other in the x direction. x , at a distance D from each other in the y direction y As shown, scattering centers 201a-201e are arranged relative to an array grid spaced apart by Dx =D y However, more generally, the vertical and horizontal grid spacing may be different.

[0027] For each scattering center, the x displacement is δx=A x D x ·RN[0,1], and the y displacement is δy=A y D y ·RN[0,1] and A x and A y are the jitter amplitudes between 0 and 1 in the x and y directions respectively, which may be the same or different. RN[0,1] is a random number between 0 and 1.

[0028] Scattering center size can also be varied. In some instances, random variations in scattering center size can reduce optical effects associated with an array of uniformly sized scattering centers, such as glare. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1C, the radial dimension of each scattering center can be varied from a nominal scattering center radius r. As shown, scattering center 201d has a nominal scattering center radius r, while scattering centers 201b and 201e each have a radius r. b and r e and they are both greater than r0, and r b ≠r e The scattering center radius is given by the formula r i =r0+δr, where δr=A r ·r0·RN[0,1], where i refers to the ith scattering center, and A r is the scattering center radius jitter amplitude, set to a value between 0 and 1.

[0029] More generally, while the above examples refer to the scattering center radius of nominally circular scattering centers, jitter can be applied to other scattering center size parameters depending on the application. For example, jitter can be applied to the scattering center volume or a single scattering center dimension (e.g., x or y dimension).

[0030] In some examples, the scattering center pattern can include both random jitter in scattering center position and random jitter in scattering center size. In certain examples, the scattering center pattern in light diffusing zone 160 can be characterized by varying scattering center density, spacing, size, or one or more combinations thereof.

[0031] The scattering centers can be designed to distribute fewer narrow scattering angles and more wide scattering angles to create a uniform light distribution on the retina, e.g., a low-contrast signal, while maintaining clarity across the scattering center's geometry. For example, the scattering centers can be designed to generate significantly wider forward scattering angles (e.g., deflected by more than 2.5 degrees, greater than 10%, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, etc.). The narrow angle of forward scattering, i.e., within 2.5 degrees, can be kept relatively low (e.g., 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less).

[0032] In general, the dimensions of the scattering centers may be the same across each lens or may vary. For example, the dimensions may increase or decrease as a function of the scattering center's position, e.g., measured from the clear central aperture, and / or as a function of distance from the edge of the lens. In some examples, the dimensions of the scattering centers vary monotonically (e.g., monotonically increase or decrease) with increasing distance from the center of the lens. In some examples, a monotonically increasing or decreasing dimension includes varying the diameter of the scattering center linearly as a function of distance from the center of the lens.

[0033] Generally, as discussed above, the scattering centers are arranged so that the light diffusing area 160 includes a maximum scattering (MS) zone and a transition zone that provides scattering at a lower level than the maximum scattering zone. The zones can be provided by varying the density of the scattering centers, the size of the scattering centers, the shape of the scattering centers, and / or the refractive index of the scattering centers.

[0034] The transition zone generally features a scattering center pattern that scatters incident light less than the scattering center pattern in the MS zone, creating a transition in the lens's scattering strength from the low-scattering area or clear aperture to the MS zone. When compared with a comparable lens consisting of only an MS zone or a light-diffusing area with a relatively small transition zone, the transition zone can improve the visual experience of an ophthalmic lens with a scattering center pattern for the wearer and create a more comfortable wearing experience. This can be important for children, where the likelihood of a child consistently wearing eyeglasses featuring such lenses for a longer period of time depends on the child's comfort level.

[0035] The scattering center pattern can be selected to provide the weakest scattering at the center point of the lens, or to provide a clear aperture at or near the center point of the lens such that the scattering strength increases with increasing radial distance through the transition zone.

[0036] Light scattering depends on the size (R) of the scattering particles and the wavelength (λ) of the light. In each scattering pattern, the size of the scatterers at least partially defines the scattering criteria. When the scatterer size is significantly larger than the wavelength, the criteria is geometric scattering. In this case, all wavelengths are scattered equally, which creates the white clouds we see in the sky. When the scatterer size is comparable to the wavelength, Mie scattering is the scattering pattern. In this case, red light is scattered more than blue light. Finally, Rayleigh scattering occurs when the scatterer size is significantly smaller than the wavelength, in which case blue light is scattered more than red light. Scattering center patterns can be selected depending on the application to achieve geometric scattering, Mie scattering, and / or Rayleigh scattering.

[0037] Generally, the scattering center pattern in the treatment zone of an ophthalmic lens can be selected based on various design parameters to achieve a desired degree of light scattering on the user's retina. These design parameters typically include, for example, scattering center density, size, depth, and shape, as well as refractive index. Ideally, the scattering center pattern is selected to provide high visual clarity on the fovea with reduced image contrast on other parts of the retina while providing sufficiently low discomfort to the wearer to allow for extended, continuous wear. For example, it may be desirable for children to wear eyeglasses comfortably for most, if not all, of the day. Alternatively or additionally, the scattering center pattern can be designed for specific tasks, such as video games, reading, or other high-contrast tasks that are thought to strongly stimulate eye length growth, such as exposure to wide-angle, high-contrast images. For example, in such situations (e.g., when a user experiences high contrast in their peripheral vision and / or when peripheral vision is not required for the wearer to move and reorient), the scattering intensity and scattering angle in the periphery can be increased, while considerations of self-awareness and self-esteem may be less important. This can have a greater effect on reducing peripheral contrast in such high contrast environments.

[0038] In some examples, the size of the scattering center can be selected to range from relatively small scatterers that have a relatively wide scattering angle to larger scattering centers that produce a relatively smaller scattering angle than the small scatterers but scatter light more strongly (i.e., the intensity of the scattered light is higher).

[0039] Reducing image contrast on the fovea of ​​a wearer's eye is believed to be more effective in controlling eye growth than reducing image contrast on other portions of the user's retina. Thus, the scattering center pattern can be tailored to reduce (e.g., minimize) light scattered into the wearer's fovea while scattering relatively more light on other portions of the retina. Because the density of cone photoreceptors is much higher at the fovea and cone size is smaller at the fovea compared to other eccentric portions of the retina, the scattering center pattern and transition zone can be tailored to match the increase in cone size from the fovea to the periphery. The amount of scattered light on the fovea is affected by the size of the clear aperture, but can also be affected by the properties of the scattering centers, particularly those closest to the clear aperture. For example, in some cases, scattering centers closest to the center point of the lens can be designed to scatter light less effectively than those further away. Alternatively or additionally, in some instances, scattering centers closest to the center point can be designed to forward scatter at a smaller angle than those further away.

[0040] In some examples, various zones are provided by varying the density of scattering centers radially from the center point of the lens. For example, referring to FIG. 2A, an exemplary pre-edged ophthalmic lens 200, a lens suitable for eyeglasses 100, has a light diffusion area 160 including a maximum scattering (MS) zone 220 surrounding a transition zone 215. FIG. 2B shows a plot of scattering center density as a function of radius outward from the center point 152. The density of scattering centers is determined by the radius R T where a maximum scattering center density is reached at the boundary of the MS zone 220 (see line segment 211). The scattering center density is constant throughout the MS zone 220 and is proportional to the radius R MAX (see line segment 221).

[0041] Generally, the light diffusion area is designed to include the wearer's peripheral vision. MAXis sufficiently large so that the wearer experiences a gradual transition from relatively clear vision at the central point 152 to reduced contrast and / or visual clarity associated with the scattering centers within the MS zone 220. T is large enough.

[0042] In some instances, R MAX is 20 mm or more (e.g., 22 mm or more, 25 mm or more, 28 mm or more, 30 mm or more, 32 mm or more, 35 mm or more, 38 mm or more, 40 mm or more). T is 15 mm or more (e.g., 16 mm or more, 17 mm or more, 18 mm or more, 19 mm or more, 20 mm or more, 22 mm or more, 25 mm or more, 28 mm or more, 30 mm or more, 32 mm or more, 35 mm or more). MAX -R T may be in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 7 mm or more, 8 mm or more, 9 mm or more, 10 mm or more, such as 18 mm or less, 15 mm or less, 12 mm or less, etc.).

[0043] The MS zone 220 may occupy 5% or more (e.g., 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, 18% or more, 20% or more, 22% or more, 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, 32% or more, 35% or more, 38% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, such as 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less) of the area of ​​the light diffusion region 160. The transition zone 215 may occupy 20% or more (e.g., 22% or more, 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, 32% or more, 35% or more, 38% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, such as 95% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less) of the area of ​​the light diffusion region 160.

[0044] The scattering center density can be calculated in various ways. For example, the scattering center density can be expressed as a number density, which represents the number of scattering centers in a unit area, e.g., mm -2The average number density can be calculated for a non-uniform scattering center pattern, e.g., non-uniform spacing, by dividing the total number of scattering centers by the total area of ​​the region.

[0045] Generally, the scattering center pattern of the light diffusion area is 0.1 / mm 2 From 20 / mm 2 range (for example, 15 / mm 2 Below, 12 / mm 2 Below, 10 / mm 2 0.2 / mm or less 2 More than 0.5 / mm 2 More than 0.8 / mm 2 More than 1 / mm 2 More than 1.5 / mm 2 More than 2 / mm 2 More than 3 / mm 2 More than 4 / mm 2 More than 5 / mm 2 More than 6 / mm 2 More than 7 / mm 2 Above, 8 / mm 2 The number density of the electrons is then 1 / 2 or more.

[0046] The scattering center density can also (or alternatively) be expressed in terms of areal density. Areal density refers to the fraction (e.g., percentage) of the area (in the xy plane) of the region of the lens that is occupied by scattering centers. In certain examples, the areal density of scattering centers can be in the range of 5% to 80% (e.g., 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, 18% or more, 20% or more, 22% or more, 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, 32% or more, 35% or more, 38% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, such as 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, etc.).

[0047] Generally, in eyeglass lenses, the scattering center density is 1 mm 2 Calculations are made for the above areas.

[0048] While the scattering center density increases linearly from the center point 152 to the MS zone 220 for the scattering center distribution depicted in Figure 2B, in other examples, non-linear variations in scattering center density are possible. An example is shown in Figure 2C, where the scattering center density increases non-linearly as a function of radius (see line segment 212).

[0049] 2C, the scattering center density increases monotonically from the center point 152 to the MS zone 220. In other examples, a non-monotonic variation in scattering center density is possible. For example, with reference to FIG. 2D, in some examples, the radial density distribution can include a local maximum within the transition zone 215.

[0050] In some examples, the transition zone 215 can include an annular portion with a constant density of scattering centers. Referring to Figure 2E, the transition zone can include multiple portions 214 with a constant density of scattering centers, where the density in each successive portion increases with increasing radial distance from the center point 152. In this example, the portion closest to the center point 152 has a radius R Ta has the lowest scattering center density, and the next part is R Ta From R Tb having the next lowest scattering center density, and a third portion extending to R Tc The fourth part extends to R Td Extends. Generally, the radial dimension of each portion may be the same or different from the other portions. A portion may have a radial dimension ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm (e.g., 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 8 mm or less, 7 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less). While the example of FIG. 2E depicts four portions in the transition zone, more generally, the transition zone can have fewer than four portions (e.g., 2 or 3) or more than four portions (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 or more).

[0051] While the above examples each depicted the maximum scattering zone 220 as the outermost zone of the light diffusing region 160, in some examples, the lens may include an additional zone outside the MS zone 220 that has a lower density of scattering centers than that of the maximum scattering zone. For example, as shown in FIG. 2F, in certain examples, the lens includes a light scattering region having an outermost zone with a density of scattering centers that decreases with increasing radius outside the MS zone. In this example, the MS region has a radius R M The outermost area is R M From R MAX Generally, R MAX -R M may be in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm (e.g., 2 mm to 5 mm).

[0052] In some examples, the light-diffusing zone surrounds a clear aperture that is free of scattering centers. For example, with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, an exemplary pre-edged lens 300 includes a clear aperture 320 (i.e., free of scattering centers) surrounded by a transition zone 310, which in turn is surrounded by an MS zone 220. The clear aperture 320 includes a center point 152 and may coincide with the wearer's on-axis viewing position. Generally, the clear aperture 320 provides the wearer with visual cones whose visual acuity can be optimally corrected (e.g., 20 / 15 or 20 / 20). As shown in FIG. 3B, the radial dimension R A The size of the transparent aperture 320, as measured by, can vary. In some examples, the aperture has a radius ranging from 0.5 mm (e.g., 0.75 mm or more, 1 mm or more, 1.5 mm or more, 2 mm or more, 2.5 mm or more) to 10 mm (e.g., 8 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less).

[0053] While the transparent aperture 320 is circular, non-circular (e.g., elliptical, polygonal, teardrop-shaped, irregular) apertures are also possible. For non-circular apertures, the radial dimension refers to the largest radial dimension measured from the center point 152.

[0054] The transparent aperture 320 can subtend a solid angle in the viewer's field of view of about 30 degrees or less (e.g., about 25 degrees or less, about 20 degrees or less, about 15 degrees or less, about 12 degrees or less, about 10 degrees or less, about 9 degrees or less, about 8 degrees or less, about 7 degrees or less, about 6 degrees or less, about 5 degrees or less, about 4 degrees or less, about 3 degrees or less). The solid angles corresponding to the horizontal and vertical viewing planes may be the same or different.

[0055] In general, any of the exemplary scattering center distributions described herein can include one or more transparent apertures.

[0056] In the examples described above, the light scattering zone is depicted as rotationally symmetric about a center point 152. That is, the radial scattering center distribution is the same along all radial directions, with the MS zone being annular and the transition zone being annular or circular. However, more generally, distributions that are not radially symmetric are possible. For example, with reference to FIGS. 4A-4C, in some examples, a pre-edged lens 400 includes a light diffusion zone 160 that includes an elliptical transition zone 410 surrounded by a maximum scattering zone 420. Here, the elliptical transition zone has a radius R in the x-direction. T1 , radius R in the y direction T2 Extend, R T1 >R T2 The scattering center density increases linearly towards the MS zone 420 in both directions, but the density increases more rapidly along the y direction (compare the slope of line segment 411 with line segment 412). The radial dimension of the MS zone 420 is larger in the y direction than in the x direction (compare line segment 421 with line segment 422), where the x direction can correspond to the horizontal direction in a pair of eyeglasses.

[0057] More generally, the transition zone may have other non-circular shapes (e.g., polygonal, teardrop-shaped, irregular). Additionally, in some examples, the light diffusion area 160 may also be non-circular. For example, if the transition zone and / or MS zone is non-circular, the exemplary radial dimensions discussed above may correspond to the radius in the direction in which the radial dimension is greatest (e.g., the x-direction for the elliptical transition zone 410 shown in FIG. 4A).

[0058] In some examples, the transition zones can be provided by variations in the optical properties of the scattering centers as an alternative to (or in addition to) the density of the scattering centers. For example, the scattering center pattern may be characterized by variations in the scattering efficiency of the scattering centers (e.g., due to refractive index mismatches and / or variations in shape of each scattering center).

[0059] In general, the coverage of a lens by scattering centers may vary depending on the implementation. Here, coverage refers to the proportion of the total area of ​​the lens, projected onto the xy plane, that corresponds to scattering centers. The spatial density of scattering centers in the clear central zone, transition zone, and peripheral zone can determine the total coverage. Typically, a low scattering center coverage will result in less scattering than a higher scattering center coverage (assuming that the individual scattering centers are distinct, e.g., they do not merge to form a larger scattering center). Scattering center coverage may vary from 10% or more to about 75%. For example, scattering center coverage may be 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or 55%, etc. The scattering center coverage can be selected according to the user's comfort level, for example to achieve a level of peripheral vision that is comfortable enough that the wearer would willingly wear the glasses for a longer period of time (e.g., all day).

[0060] 2A depicts scattering center 210 as having a circular footprint, more generally, scattering centers may have other shapes. For example, scattering centers may be elongated in one direction (e.g., the x or y direction), such as in the case of elliptical scattering centers. In some implementations, scattering centers are randomly shaped.

[0061] For example, light from a scene that enters the lens in areas of reduced contrast between scattering centers, such as the transition zone and MS zone, is believed to contribute to the image of the scene on the user's retina, while light from the scene that enters the scattering centers is believed not to contribute. Furthermore, light that enters the scattering centers is still transmitted to the retina, thereby having the effect of reducing image contrast without significantly reducing light intensity and light transmission to the retina. Therefore, the amount of contrast reduction in the user's peripheral vision is believed to be correlated (e.g., approximately proportional) to the proportion of the surface area of ​​the contrast-reducing region that is covered by the scattering centers. Typically, the scattering centers occupy at least 10% (e.g., 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, such as 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, etc.) of the area (measured in the x-y plane) of the light-diffusing region.

[0062] Generally, the scattering center pattern reduces the contrast of an object image when the wearer looks through the treatment zone (transition zone, MS zone) of the lens without significantly degrading the viewer's visual acuity in this area. Here, the treatment zone refers to the visual field outside the field of the clear central zone. Image contrast in these areas can be reduced by 20% or more (e.g., 25% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more) compared to the image contrast viewed using the clear viewing zone of the lens as determined. Contrast reduction can be set according to the needs of each individual case. Typical contrast reductions are thought to be in the range of approximately 50% to 55%. Contrast reductions below 50% may be used in very mild cases, while more susceptible subjects may require more than 55% contrast reduction. Peripheral visual acuity, as determined by subjective refraction, can be corrected to 20 / 30 or better (e.g., 20 / 25 or better, 20 / 20 or better), while still achieving meaningful contrast reduction.

[0063] Here, contrast refers to the difference in brightness between two objects in the same field of view, and contrast reduction therefore refers to a change in this difference.

[0064] Contrast and contrast reduction can be measured in various ways: In some implementations, contrast can be measured based on the difference in brightness between different parts of a standard pattern, such as a checkerboard of black and white squares, obtained through the clear viewing zone and scattering center pattern of the lens under controlled conditions.

[0065] Alternatively or additionally, contrast reduction can be determined based on the optical transfer function (OTF) of the lens (see, for example, http: / / www.montana.edu / jshaw / documents / 18%20EELE582_S15_OTFMTF.pdf). In OTF, contrast is specified for the transmission of stimuli in which light and dark regions are sinusoidally modulated at different "spatial frequencies." These stimuli appear as alternating light and dark bars, with the spacing between the bars varying over a range. In all optical systems, contrast transmission is lowest when the stimulus with the highest spatial frequency is sinusoidally varied. The relationship describing contrast transmission for all spatial frequencies is the OTF. The OTF can be obtained by taking the Fourier transform of the point spread function. The point spread function can also be obtained empirically by imaging a point source through a lens onto a detector array and determining how the light from the point is distributed across the detectors.

[0066] When measurements are inconsistent, OTF is the preferred technique.

[0067] In some examples, contrast can be estimated based on the percentage of the lens area covered by scattering centers compared to the area of ​​the clear central zone. This approximation assumes that all light striking the scattering centers is uniformly dispersed throughout the retinal area, thereby reducing the amount of light available in bright areas of the image and adding light to dark areas. Therefore, contrast reduction can be calculated based on light transmission measurements made through the clear central zone and scattering center pattern of the lens.

[0068] An exemplary scattering center pattern is shown in Figures 5A and 5B. This example includes a clear aperture 501, a transition zone 510 with scattering centers having a density that increases as a function of radius, and an MS zone 520 with a uniform scattering center density. For illustrative purposes, the transition zone 510 is shaded in Figure 5B to indicate where the transition zone 510 ends because it is not apparent to the naked eye in Figure 5A. When framed into a shape that can fit into a pair of frames, the lens 500 can reduce image contrast to appear relatively unobtrusive to the viewer.

[0069] The transition zone 510 is shown in more detail in Figure 6A, which shows the transition zone 510 on a larger scale and includes annular lines corresponding to the annular portions. Figure 6B shows a subsection 601 of the transition zone 510 on an even larger scale, showing six annular portions. As is evident in this figure, the scattering centers are smallest at the innermost portion and increase in size monotonically with increasing radius.

[0070] In general, scattering centers can be provided as bumps and / or depressions on one or both surfaces of each lens and / or as scattering inclusions within the lens material itself. For example, referring to FIG. 7A, lens 700 includes a pattern of scattering centers formed from bumps 702 on a convex surface 704 of lens body 701. The bumps can be formed from an optically transparent material with a refractive index similar to that of the underlying lens (e.g., 1.60 for polycarbonate). For example, in an example where the lens is formed from polycarbonate (PC), the bumps can be formed from a polymer with a refractive index similar to that of PC, such as a light-activated polyurethane or epoxy-based plastic. In addition to PC, the lens itself can also be made from allyl diglycol carbonate plastic, urethane-based monomers, or other impact-resistant monomers. Alternatively, the lens can be made from one of the denser, high-index plastics with a refractive index greater than 1.60. In some implementations, the lenses are made from an optically clear material with a lower refractive index (eg, CR39 is 1.50, Trivex is 1.53).

[0071] In some examples, the ridge material is selected to have a refractive index that is within 0.1 (e.g., within 0.09 or less, 0.08 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.06 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.04 or less, 0.03 or less, 0.02 or less, 0.01 or less, 0.005 or less, 0.002 or less, 0.001 or less) of the refractive index of the lens material (e.g., when measured at one or more wavelengths in the visible light range).

[0072] In certain implementations, larger refractive index mismatches are possible (e.g., greater than 0.1). For example, the ridge material can be selected to have a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the lens material by 0.15 or more (e.g., 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.35 or more, up to about 0.4, etc.).

[0073] A further example is shown in FIG. 7B, where a lens 710 includes scattering centers formed from recesses 712 formed in the concave surface of a lens body 711. The recesses can be formed using a variety of techniques, such as etching (e.g., physical or chemical etching) or removing (e.g., using laser radiation or a molecular or ion beam) material from the lens surface. In some examples, the recesses are formed when the lens is molded. In some cases, the recesses may each correspond to an area of ​​the lens surface where enough material has been removed to roughen the surface so that the lens surface scatters incident light rather than refracting it.

[0074] In yet another example, lens 720 includes scattering centers 722 comprised of inclusions in lens body 721. Scattering centers that are inclusions are typically formed from a material that has a refractive index that is mismatched to the bulk lens material. For example, transparent beads of a suitable size can be dispersed in the lens material when the lens is molded, where the refractive index of the bead material and the bulk lens material are different. The transparent aperture can be formed solely from the bulk lens material.

[0075] In general, the refractive index of each scattering center may be the same or different. For example, if the scattering centers are each formed from the same material, they may each have the same refractive index. Alternatively, in some implementations, the refractive index may vary from one scattering center to another or between different groups of scattering centers. For example, in certain implementations, the refractive index mismatch between the scattering centers and the lens bulk material may increase as the radial distance from the lens axis increases, in order to increase the amount of light scattered from each scattering center as the radial distance from the lens axis increases.

[0076] In some cases, the scattering centers can be formed from a material, such as a dye, that absorbs at least some of the light incident thereon. The material can be selected to absorb a broadband of visible light or to absorb light only at certain wavelengths (e.g., to absorb short- or long-wavelength components). The light-absorbing material can help reduce glare and / or provide another design parameter for shaping the point spread function of the scattering centers. In some implementations, the lens material can be changed from transparent to absorbing at certain wavelengths by exposure to radiation. For example, the lens material can be baked by exposure to radiation to form light-absorbing centers in the lens material or on the lens surface.

[0077] In general, scattering centers can be formed from lenses in a variety of ways. U.S. Patent No. 10,884,264 B2 discloses such methods and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0078] In some examples, the buried scattering centers can be formed using a process that selectively induces a refractive index change in the lens bulk material, such as by exposure to a laser beam, which can induce a localized change in the refractive index of the bulk of the lens material, e.g., through photochemical and / or photothermal interactions.

[0079] Generally, lenses with positive refractive power, negative refractive power, or no refractive power can be used.

[0080] Lenses 700, 710, and 720 can include one or more coatings on one or both surfaces. Optical coating 606 can perform one or more functions, such as anti-reflection, spectral filtering (e.g., UV filtering), or providing a protective hard coat.

[0081] In some examples, contrast reduction occurs through other diffusing structures, such as rough surfaces. Holographic diffusers or powdered glass diffusers can be used. In some implementations, the diffuser can be provided by a film laminated onto the surface of the lens.

[0082] In general, the refractive index mismatch between the lens material and the scattering center material affects the amount of light scattered at each bump, as calculated, for example, using a point spread function. Typically, the greater the refractive index mismatch between the materials, the more incident light is scattered. Therefore, the refractive index mismatch can be used as a design parameter to optimize the scattering properties of the scattering center.

[0083] Generally, various different measurement methods can be used to evaluate the performance of scattering center patterns and optimize the scattering magnitude and angle used in optical solutions for managing myopia. For example, scattering center patterns can be empirically optimized, for example, based on physical measurements of lenses with different scattering center patterns. For example, wide-angle light scattering can be characterized based on haze measurements, such as international test standards for haze (e.g., ASTM D1003 and BS EN ISO 13468). For example, conventional haze meters can be used, such as BYK-Gardner haze meters (e.g., Haze-Gard Plus Instruments), which measure how much light is transmitted in total through the lens, the amount of light transmitted undisturbed (e.g., within 0.5 degrees), how much is refracted beyond 2.5 degrees, and clarity (amount within 2.5 degrees). Narrow-angle scattering can be used to represent clarity, and wide-angle scattering can be used to represent wide-angle scattering in a material. Other instruments can also be used to characterize light scattering in order to empirically optimize scattering patterns. For example, an instrument can be used that measures the spread of light by measuring the light in an annular ring of approximately 2.5 degrees (eg, a Hornell instrument).

[0084] In some implementations, the haze in the transition zone may be in the range of 1% to 20% (e.g., 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, e.g., 3% to 15%, 5% to 10%, such as 18% or less, 15% or less, 14% or less, 13% or less, 12% or less, 11% or less, 10% or less, etc.). In certain implementations, the haze in the MS zone may be in the range of 5% to 50% (e.g., 8% or more, 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, e.g., 5% to 25%, 10% to 25%, such as 40% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, etc.).

[0085] Alternatively or additionally, the scattering center pattern can be optimized by computer modeling software (eg, Zemax or Code V).

[0086] In some examples, the scattering center pattern can be designed based on optimizing a point spread function, which represents the image of the scattering centers on the retina. For example, the size, shape, and spacing of the scattering centers can be varied to evenly spread the illumination of the retina so that the retina outside the fovea is evenly covered with scattered light to reduce (e.g., minimize) contrast in this region of the retina.

[0087] Alternatively or additionally, the scattering center pattern can be designed based on optimizing the modulation transfer function, which refers to the spatial frequency response of the human visual system. For example, the size, shape, and spacing of the scattering centers can be varied to smooth the falloff of a range of spatial frequencies. The design parameters of the scattering center pattern can be varied to increase or decrease certain spatial frequencies as desired. Typically, the spatial frequency of visual interest is 18 cycles per degree at the fine side and 1.5 cycles per degree at the coarse side. The scattering center pattern can be designed to achieve increased signal at some subset of spatial frequencies within this range.

[0088] The above-described measurements can be used to evaluate the scattering center pattern based on the size and / or shape of the scattering centers, and both the size and shape can be varied as desired. For example, the scattering centers can be approximately circular (e.g., spherical), elongated (e.g., elliptical), or irregularly shaped. Typically, the scattering centers have dimensions (e.g., diameters as depicted in Figures 1B and 1C) that are large enough to scatter visible light but small enough so that they are not resolved by the wearer during normal use. For example, the scattering centers can have dimensions (as measured in the xy plane) ranging from about 0.001 mm or more (e.g., about 0.005 mm or more, about 0.01 mm or more, about 0.015 mm or more, about 0.02 mm or more, about 0.025 mm or more, about 0.03 mm or more, about 0.035 mm or more, about 0.04 mm or more, about 0.045 mm or more, about 0.05 mm or more, about 0.055 mm or more, about 0.06 mm or more, about 0.07 mm or more, about 0.08 mm or more, about 0.09 mm or more, about 0.1 mm) to about 1 mm or less (e.g., about 0.9 mm or less, about 0.8 mm or less, about 0.7 mm or less, about 0.6 mm or less, about 0.5 mm or less, about 0.4 mm or less, about 0.3 mm or less, about 0.2 mm or less, about 0.1 mm).

[0089] It should be noted that for smaller scattering centers, e.g., having dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light (e.g., 0.001 mm to about 0.05 mm), the scattering of light can be considered as Rayleigh or Mie scattering. For larger scattering centers, e.g., 0.1 mm or larger, the scattering of light can be attributed to geometric scattering.

[0090] As noted above, in some examples, a lens may have the smallest scattering centers closest to the center of the lens, and the size of the scattering centers may increase with increasing radial distance from the center. In some cases, the distribution of scattering center sizes may be such that Rayleigh / Mie scattering dominates near the lens center, while geometric scattering dominates toward the periphery. For example, the scattering centers closest to the lens center may have a maximum dimension ranging from 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm (e.g., 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm), while the scattering centers farthest from the lens center have dimensions ranging from 0.25 mm to 1 mm (e.g., 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.75 mm, 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm). The size of the scattering centers may increase monotonically (e.g., linearly, geometrically) outward from the lens center. The size and / or size increase of the scattering centers may be the same in any direction from the lens center, or may be different along different radial directions.

[0091] Generally, ophthalmic lenses may be clear or tinted. That is, the lenses may appear clear and / or colorless, be optically transparent to all visible wavelengths, or appear tinted, or may include spectral filters. For example, ophthalmic lenses may include filters that reduce the amount of red light transmitted to the wearer. It is believed that excessive stimulation of the L cones in a person's (particularly children's) eyes can lead to suboptimal eye elongation and myopia. Therefore, spectrally filtering red light using ophthalmic lenses can further reduce the wearer's myopia.

[0092] Spectral filtering can be achieved by applying a film to the surface of the lens. The film can be applied by physically depositing a material on the lens surface, coating a layer of material on the surface, or laminating a pre-formed film on the surface. Suitable materials include absorbing filter materials (e.g., dyes) or multi-layer films to achieve interference filtering. In some implementations, spectral filtering can be achieved by including filtering material in the lens material itself and / or in the material used to form the ridges.

[0093] While the exemplary ophthalmic lenses mentioned above are spectacle lenses, more generally, the principles described herein can be implemented in other types of ophthalmic lenses, such as contact lenses and intraocular lenses.

[0094] Among other embodiments, the present disclosure features the following embodiments, alone and / or in any combination:

[0095] In general, in a first aspect, the disclosure features an ophthalmic lens including: a lens body having a first curved surface and a second curved surface opposite the first curved surface, the lens body having a central point; and a light diffusing region comprising a plurality of scattering centers sized and shaped to scatter incident light, the density of the scattering centers varying across the light diffusing region, the light diffusing region including a first zone surrounding the central point, the first zone having a highest density of scattering centers in the light diffusing region, and a second zone between the first zone and the central point, the second zone having a lower density of scattering centers than the first zone, the second zone extending in at least one radial direction measured from the central point to a point on the lens that is 15 mm or more from the central point.

[0096] In some implementations, the density of scattering centers in the second zone increases with increasing distance from the center point along at least one radial direction.

[0097] In some implementations, the density increases monotonically.

[0098] In some implementations, the density increases linearly.

[0099] In some implementations, the density increases non-linearly.

[0100] In some implementations, the second zone extends in at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 18 mm or greater from the center point.

[0101] In some implementations, the second zone extends in at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 20 mm or more from the center point.

[0102] In some implementations, the second zone extends in at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 25 mm or greater from the center point.

[0103] The ophthalmic lens further includes a transparent aperture located at the central point and surrounded by a second, eg, transition zone.

[0104] In some implementations, the transparent aperture has a radial dimension along at least one radial direction in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0105] In some implementations, the density is a number density.

[0106] In some implementations, the density is an areal density.

[0107] In some implementations, the average size of the scattering centers in the second zone is smaller than the average size of the scattering centers in the first zone.

[0108] In some implementations, the average size of the scattering centers in the second zone increases along at least one radial direction.

[0109] In some implementations, the first zone has a haze of 5% or greater (eg, 5% to 30%, 5% to 25%, 5% to 20%, 5% to 15%, 5% to 10%).

[0110] In some implementations, the second zone has a haze of 20% or less (eg, 1% to 20%, 1% to 15%, 1% to 10%, 1% to 5%).

[0111] In some implementations, the light diffusing area is a circular area.

[0112] In some implementations, the first zone occupies an annular area.

[0113] In some implementations, the second zone occupies an annular or circular area.

[0114] In some implementations, the pattern of scattering centers is not continuous rotationally symmetric.

[0115] In some implementations, the scattering center is on the first curved surface.

[0116] In some implementations, the scattering centers are embedded in the lens material.

[0117] In some implementations, each scattering center has a maximum dimension of 1 mm or less (e.g., 0.8 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, 0.4 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, e.g., 0.01 mm or more, 0.03 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.07 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, 0.15 mm or more).

[0118] In some implementations, the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically along at least one radial direction from the center point to the first zone.

[0119] In some implementations, the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically along each radial direction from the center point to the first zone.

[0120] In some implementations, the size of the scattering centers increases from a minimum scattering center size in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm to a maximum scattering center size of 0.1 mm or greater (e.g., 0.2 mm or greater, 0.3 mm or greater, 0.4 mm or greater, 0.5 mm or greater, 0.6 mm or greater, 0.7 mm or greater, 0.8 mm or greater, 0.9 mm or greater, 1 mm or less, etc.).

[0121] In some implementations, the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0122] In some implementations, the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens.

[0123] Several embodiments are described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0124] 100 glasses 101 eyeglass frames 110a lens 110b lens 120 Light diffusion area 150 First Part 152 Center point 160 Light diffusion area 162 part 170 Edge 200 Ophthalmic Lenses 201b scattering center 201d scattering center 201e scattering center 210 Scattering center 211 line segments 212 line segments 214 parts 215 Transition Zone 220 Maximum Scattering Zone, MS Zone 221 line segments 300 lens 310 Transition Zone 320 Transparent Aperture 400 lens 410 Elliptical Transition Zone 411 line segments 412 line segments 420 Maximum Scattering Zone, MS Zone 421 sections 422 sections 500 lenses 501 Transparent Aperture 510 Transition Zone 520 MS Zone 601 Subsection 606 Optical Coating 700 lens 701 Lens body 702 Prominence 704 Convex 710 Lens 711 Lens body 712 recess 720 lens 721 Lens body 722 Scattering center

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens, a lens body having a first curved surface and a second curved surface opposite the first curved surface, the lens body having a center point; a light diffusion zone comprising a plurality of scattering centers sized and shaped to scatter incident light, the density of the scattering centers varying across the light diffusion zone; a first zone surrounding a central point, the first zone having the highest density of scattering centers of the light diffusing area; and a second zone between the first zone and the central point, the second zone having a lower density of scattering centers than the first zone; Equipped with a light diffusing area, the second zone extending in at least one radial direction measured from the center point to a point on the lens that is 15 mm or greater from the center point; An ophthalmic lens comprising:

2. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the density of the scattering centers in the second zone increases with increasing distance from the central point along the at least one radial direction.

3. The ophthalmic lens of claim 2 , wherein the density increases monotonically.

4. The ophthalmic lens of claim 2 , wherein the density increases linearly.

5. The ophthalmic lens of claim 2 , wherein the density increases non-linearly.

6. 6. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second zone extends in the at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 18 mm or more from the central point.

7. 7. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second zone extends in the at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 20 mm or more from the central point.

8. 8. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second zone extends in the at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 25 mm or more from the central point.

9. 9. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, further comprising a transparent aperture located at the central point and surrounded by the second zone.

10. 10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, wherein said transparent aperture has a radial dimension along said at least one radial direction in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

11. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the density is a number density.

12. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the density is an areal density.

13. 13. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the average size of the scattering centres in the second zone is smaller than the average size of the scattering centres in the first zone.

14. 14. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the average size of the scattering centres in the second zone increases along the at least one radial direction.

15. 15. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first zone has a haze of 5% or more.

16. 16. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the second zone has a haze of 20% or less.

17. 17. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the light diffusing zone is a circular zone.

18. 18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 17, wherein the first zone occupies an annular area.

19. 19. The ophthalmic lens of claim 18, wherein the second zone occupies an annular or circular area.

20. 17. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the pattern of scattering centres is not continuous rotationally symmetric.

21. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the scattering center is on the first curved surface.

22. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein the scattering centers are embedded in the lens material.

23. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 , wherein each scattering center has a maximum dimension of 1 mm or less.

24. 24. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the size of the scattering centres increases monotonically along at least one radial direction from the centre point to the first zone.

25. 25. The ophthalmic lens of claim 24, wherein the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically along each radial direction from the center point to the first zone.

26. 25. The ophthalmic lens of claim 24, wherein the size of the scattering centers increases from a minimum scattering center size in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm to a maximum scattering center size of 0.1 mm or greater.

27. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 which is a spectacle lens.

28. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 which is a contact lens.

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