Method for producing compost base material, compost base material, and compost

Abstract

To provide a manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a compost base material which is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus rate and has an aggregate structure by effectively utilizing a waste mushroom bed, the compost base material which is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus rate and has an aggregate structure by effectively utilizing the waste mushroom bed and compost.SOLUTION: The method for producing the compost base material comprises a steam sterilization step of steam-sterilizing a waste mushroom bed containing peat moss under conditions of a treatment temperature of>60°C and ≤100°C and a treatment time of 6-12 hours. The waste mushroom bed is preferably a waste mushroom bed after mushroom cultivation. In the steam sterilization step, the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom bed is preferably 0. 5-1. 5kg / h. m3. The compost base material is obtained by the manufacturing method, and the number of filamentous fungi is 1 * 103 / g or less. The compost base material is obtained by the manufacturing method, and the number of pigment-resistant bacteria is 1 * 103 / g or less. The compost contains the compost base material.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a compost substrate, a compost substrate, and compost. [Background technology]

[0002] Waste mushroom beds discarded after mushroom cultivation are often disposed of as industrial waste. However, disposal as industrial waste incurs processing costs. On the other hand, waste mushroom beds contain peat moss such as black peat, which has a high humus content and a granular structure, and are rich in nutrients. For this reason, attempts have been made in recent years to produce compost using waste mushroom beds after mushroom cultivation.

[0003] For example, a method is known in which waste mushroom beds are used as a compost substrate, minerals, fungi that form aggregate structures, etc. are added to the waste mushroom beds (compost substrate) to prepare pre-fermentation raw materials, which are raw materials before fermentation, and this pre-fermentation raw materials are then fermented to produce compost. Other known methods include using the waste mushroom beds (compost substrate) as is, or adding minerals, fungi that form aggregate structures, etc. to the waste mushroom beds (compost substrate) and then composting without fermentation. When waste mushroom beds (compost substrates) are used as components of pre-fermentation raw materials, the waste mushroom beds (compost substrates) preferably do not contain microorganisms that hinder fermentation. Furthermore, compost-containing soil for growing crops obtained by applying the produced compost to existing soil in a field preferably does not contain microorganisms that cause crop diseases. Therefore, when using waste mushroom beds as a compost substrate, it is preferable that the waste mushroom beds be sufficiently sterilized. In general, compost-containing soils with a high humus content and an aggregate structure are preferred because they have good water retention, drainage, fertilizer retention, and breathability.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a method for sterilizing waste mushroom beds, in which waste mushroom beds from mushroom cultivation are brought into contact with pressurized hot water at 110°C to 250°C to extract mushroom components, remove woody components contained in the waste mushroom beds, and turn the waste mushroom beds into compost. In Example 1 of Patent Document 1, the waste mushroom beds are brought into contact with high-temperature pressurized hot water at 120°C or higher for 130 minutes. The compost obtained by the method of Patent Document 1 is produced using waste mushroom beds that have been heat-treated at high temperatures of 110°C to 250°C for a long period of time, and is therefore expected to have sufficiently sterilized fungi, such as filamentous fungi, that cause crop diseases. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-176765 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, in Example 1 of Patent Document 1, the waste mushroom cultivation bed is brought into contact with high-temperature compressed hot water of 120°C or higher for a long period of 130 minutes, which may cause humic substances to be leached from the waste mushroom bed by the compressed hot water and reduce the granular structure.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to provide a method for producing a compost base material that makes effective use of waste mushroom beds and that is capable of producing a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compost substrate obtained by effectively utilizing waste mushroom beds, which is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compost that effectively utilizes waste mushroom beds, is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the present invention is as follows.

[0011] (1) A method for producing a compost substrate, which includes a steam sterilization step in which waste mushroom beds containing peat moss are steam sterilized at a temperature of more than 60°C and not more than 100°C for a treatment time of 6 to 12 hours.

[0012] (2) The method for producing a compost substrate according to (1) above, wherein the waste mushroom bed is a waste mushroom bed used after mushroom cultivation.

[0013] (3) In the steam sterilization step, the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom bed is 0.5 to 1.5 kg / h m 3 The method for producing a compost substrate according to (1) above,

[0014] (4) A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the number of filamentous fungi is 1×10 3 Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

[0015] (5) A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the number of dye-resistant bacteria is 1×10 3 Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

[0016] (6) A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the bacterial count is 500 × 10 4 Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

[0017] (7) A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of (1) to (3) above, having a general viable cell count of 30,000 x 10 2 Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

[0018] (8) A compost base material obtained by the method for producing a compost base material according to any one of (1) to (3) above, which has a humus rate of 7% or more.

[0019] (9) A compost base material obtained by the method for producing a compost base material according to any one of (1) to (3) above, which has an aggregate structure.

[0020] (10) Compost containing the compost substrate described in (4) above.

[0021] (11) A compost obtained by fermenting a pre-fermentation raw material containing the compost base material described in (4) above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] According to the present invention, a method for producing a compost base material can be provided that makes effective use of waste mushroom beds to produce a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0023] Furthermore, according to the present invention, waste mushroom beds can be effectively utilized to provide a compost substrate that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0024] Furthermore, according to the present invention, waste mushroom beds can be effectively utilized to provide compost that is thoroughly sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0026] [Manufacturing method of compost substrate] The method for producing a compost substrate of the present invention is a method for producing a compost substrate, which is a raw material for compost, using a waste mushroom bed.

[0027] Here, "waste mushroom bed" refers to a used mushroom bed (a culture medium in which mushroom spawn is planted and cultivated) that is discarded after mushrooms have been cultivated on the mushroom bed.

[0028] When the waste mushroom bed is subjected to a specific steam sterilization treatment in the steam sterilization step, it becomes a compost substrate with appropriate properties. In the present invention, the "compost substrate" means the compost substrate obtained after the waste mushroom bed is steam sterilized in the steam sterilization step.

[0029] Here, the compost substrate is a substance that can be used as compost as is or as a raw material (compost raw material) for composting by fermentation, addition of nutrients, etc., depending on the application. In other words, the compost substrate refers to a substance that is obtained after steam sterilizing a waste mushroom bed in a steam sterilization process, and that can be used as compost or a compost raw material depending on the application.

[0030] Composting by fermentation is carried out, for example, by fermenting pre-fermentation raw materials, which are raw materials before fermentation that contain a compost base material. Fermentation occurs, for example, by microorganisms contained in the compost base material or additives added to the compost base material. In composting by fermentation, coarse organic matter in the pre-fermentation raw materials is decomposed by microbial fermentation, resulting in compost. When the produced compost is applied to existing soil in a field, a mixture of soil and compost is obtained. In the present invention, this mixture of soil and compost is referred to as "compost-containing soil."

[0031] Compost-containing soil is preferable if it has a high humus content and an aggregate structure, as this has good water retention, drainage, fertilizer retention, and breathability.

[0032] Masabayashi's comment: Please check the appropriateness of the contents. Here, the humus ratio is the humus content, an indicator of organic matter content. Humus is said to be a substance produced during the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. It generally carries a negative charge due to -COO- and contains chelating substances. Humus also generally adsorbs base ions. Furthermore, humus serves as a nutrient source for beneficial bacteria that are useful for various agricultural crops. Such humus typically enhances fertilizer retention through -COO-, has pH buffering capacity, adsorbs heavy metals, supplies inorganic nutrients, promotes granulation, and serves as a nutrient source for beneficial bacteria. A high humus ratio is desirable because it has high fertilizer retention, high pH buffering capacity, adsorbs heavy metals, supplies inorganic nutrients, promotes granulation, and is a rich source of nutrients. Humus may be less susceptible to microbial decomposition when combined with aluminum or iron.

[0033] Furthermore, it is said that the granular structure contributes to the retention of an appropriate source of nutrients, moisture, etc. for beneficial bacteria, and also serves as a shelter that protects the beneficial bacteria from other microorganisms that would otherwise eat them. The granular structure is usually an aggregate of multiple types of aggregates of different sizes, such as macroaggregates and microaggregates, and it is said that the multiple types of aggregates of different sizes function as a shelter that protects beneficial bacteria of different sizes.

[0034] It is said that the aggregate structure is formed over a long period of time by fungi such as mycorrhizal fungi. Because it takes time and effort to form an aggregate structure, it is preferable that the compost-containing soil, and its raw materials, compost, pre-fermentation raw materials, and compost base material, have a high humus content and an aggregate structure.

[0035] Incidentally, the compost substrate (waste mushroom bed) constituting the pre-fermentation raw material, which is the raw material for compost, preferably does not contain microorganisms that hinder fermentation. Furthermore, the compost-containing soil containing the produced compost preferably does not contain microorganisms that cause diseases on crop growth. For this reason, it is preferable that the compost substrate (waste mushroom bed), which is the raw material for compost, is sufficiently sterilized.

[0036] The method for producing a compost substrate of the present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances. The method for producing a compost substrate of the present invention is a method for effectively utilizing waste mushroom beds to produce a compost substrate that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0037] Next, the method for producing a compost substrate of the present invention will be specifically described. The method for producing a compost substrate of the present invention includes a steam sterilization step.

[0038] (Steam sterilization process) The steam sterilization process is a process in which waste mushroom beds containing peat moss are steam sterilized at a treatment temperature of more than 60°C and not more than 100°C for a treatment time of 6 to 12 hours. The steam sterilization process is carried out, for example, by supplying steam to the waste mushroom beds placed in a steam sterilization chamber formed so that the space other than the steam supply and exhaust sections is closed. The waste mushroom beds are placed, for example, on a sterilization shelf placed in the steam sterilization chamber. After this process, the waste mushroom beds become a compost substrate.

[0039] The term "waste mushroom bed" refers to a used mushroom bed (a medium for planting and cultivating mushroom spawn) that is discarded after mushrooms have been cultivated on the bed. Examples of waste mushroom beds include waste mushroom beds left over from the cultivation of mushrooms, Agaricus blazei Murill, Straw mushrooms, Shiitake mushrooms, Maitake mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Shimeji mushrooms, and Nameko mushrooms. Among these, waste mushroom beds left over from the cultivation of mushrooms are preferred because they contain a large amount of peat moss, which has a high decay rate and a granular structure, making it easy to obtain a compost base material with a high humus rate and a granular structure.

[0040] The waste mushroom bed includes peat moss. Examples of peat moss that can be used include black peat and white peat. Peat moss has a high humus content and is prone to forming an aggregated structure, so the waste mushroom bed usually has a high humus content and an aggregated structure.

[0041] It is preferable that the peat moss be black peat, since black peat has a high humus content, and therefore it is easier to obtain a compost base material having a high humus content and an aggregate structure.

[0042] In the steam sterilization process, the waste mushroom bed is steam sterilized under the conditions of a treatment temperature of more than 60°C and not more than 100°C for a treatment time of 6 to 12 hours.

[0043] In the steam sterilization step, the waste mushroom bed is thoroughly sterilized and washed, and the treatment is carried out so as to minimize the loss of humus in the waste mushroom bed, so as to easily obtain a compost base material with a high humus content and a granular structure. In the steam sterilization step, the steam temperature and the steam sterilization time are optimized to achieve both the sterilization and washing of the waste mushroom bed and the loss of humus in the waste mushroom bed. In addition, in the steam sterilization step, it is preferable to optimize the steam flow rate in addition to the steam temperature and the steam sterilization time.

[0044] In the steam sterilization step, if the temperature of the steam sterilization treatment is higher than 60°C and not higher than 100°C, it is easy to obtain a compost base material (waste mushroom bed after steam sterilization treatment in the steam sterilization step) that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus rate, and has an aggregate structure. The temperature of the steam sterilization treatment is preferably 65°C or higher, more preferably 70°C or higher, and even more preferably 80°C or higher. The temperature of the steam sterilization is preferably 95°C or lower, more preferably 90°C or lower.

[0045] In the steam sterilization step, the waste mushroom bed is steam sterilized at the above temperature for, for example, 6 to 20 hours, preferably 7 to 12 hours, and more preferably 8 to 10 hours. If the steam sterilization time is within the above range, the waste mushroom bed is sufficiently sterilized and cleaned, and the loss of humus in the waste mushroom bed is minimized, making it easy to obtain a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0046] In the steam sterilization process, the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom bed is, for example, 0.5 to 1.5 kg / h m 3 , preferably 0.7 to 1.3 kg / h m 3 , more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 kg / h m 3 When the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom bed is within the above range, it is easy to obtain a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus rate, and has an aggregate structure.

[0047] Here, the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom beds is the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom beds placed in the steam sterilization chamber per unit volume and per unit time (kg / h m3 ) means

[0048] When the steam supply rate to the waste mushroom bed in the steam sterilization chamber is within the above range, it is easy to obtain a compost substrate that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus rate, and has a granular structure. This is because the steam supply rate of 1.5 kg / h m 3 It is presumed that the reason why humic substances are less likely to be washed away when the steam supply to the waste mushroom bed is within the above range is that it is easy to obtain a compost substrate with a high humus rate and granular structure, as the steam supply that contributes to sterilization is 0.5 kg / h m 3 It is presumed that this is because the above results in sufficient sterilization.

[0049] In the steam sterilization step, the steam pressure in the steam sterilization chamber is, for example, 0.08 to 0.12 MPa, preferably 0.09 to 0.11, and more preferably 0.09 to 0.10 MPa. When the steam pressure is within the above range, it is easy to obtain a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0050] The steam sterilization step results in a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized while maintaining a high humus content and crumb structure.

[0051] The resulting compost substrate is sufficiently sterilized and contains a small number of bacteria. The characteristics of the compost substrate, such as the number of bacteria contained therein, will be explained later in the section on the compost substrate of the present invention.

[0052] (action) In the steam sterilization step of the compost substrate manufacturing method of the present invention, a specific steam sterilization treatment is performed on waste mushroom beds containing peat moss, which has a high humus content and is prone to forming an aggregated structure, so that the waste mushroom beds are sufficiently sterilized to obtain a waste mushroom bed with a high humus content and an aggregated structure. After the steam sterilization step, the waste mushroom beds become a compost substrate that is sufficiently sterilized to obtain a compost substrate with a high humus content and an aggregated structure. The compost substrate manufacturing method of the present invention can be manufactured because the waste mushroom beds are used as raw materials.

[0053] (effect) The method for producing a compost base material of the present invention can provide a method for effectively utilizing waste mushroom beds to produce a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregate structure.

[0054] [Compost base material] The compost base material of the present invention is a compost base material obtained by the above-mentioned method for producing a compost base material of the present invention.

[0055] The compost substrate usually has a fungal count of 1 x 10 3 particles / g or less, preferably 1×10 2 The number of filamentous fungi is less than 1 / g. Filamentous fungi can be a major cause of crop diseases. If the number of filamentous fungi is within the above range, the possibility of crop diseases can be reduced, which is preferable.

[0056] Compost substrates usually have a dye-resistant bacteria count of 1 x 10 3 particles / g or less, preferably 1×10 2 The number of dye-resistant bacteria is less than 1 / g. The number of dye-resistant bacteria is an indicator of the degree of decomposition of organic matter. The number of dye-resistant bacteria decreases as decomposition progresses. If the number of dye-resistant bacteria is within the above range, it is preferable because it indicates that the degree of decomposition of organic matter is high and decomposition is progressing.

[0057] Compost substrates typically have a bacterial count of 500 x 10 4 pieces / g or less, preferably 100 x 10 4 particles / g or less, more preferably 500×10 3 The number of bacteria is less than 1 / g. The bacteria may include bacteria that have a negative effect on crop growth. A small number of bacteria is preferable. If the number of bacteria is within the above range, it is preferable because the negative effect on crop growth is small.

[0058] The compost substrate usually has a general viable bacterial count of 30,000 x 10 2 pieces / g or less, preferably 10000×10 2The viable count is less than or equal to 50,000 / g. The viable count refers to the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic viable bacteria that grow under certain conditions, and is an index of the degree of contamination of a sample. The viable count is a typical index showing the degree of microbial contamination in food (for example, less than 50,000 / g), but there are no standards for the viable count for agricultural materials. For this reason, the viable count of waste mushroom beds (compost substrates), which are agricultural materials, is not particularly limited, but it is considered preferable that it is low from the perspective of the degree of contamination.

[0059] The compost base material typically has a humus content of 7% or more, preferably 7.3% or more, and more preferably 7.5% or more. A humus content within this range is preferred because it provides high fertilizer retention, high pH buffering capacity, heavy metal adsorption, inorganic nutrient supply, and aggregate formation promotion.

[0060] The compost base material usually has an aggregated structure. The compost base material is obtained by subjecting a waste mushroom bed containing peat moss, which has a high humus content and is prone to forming an aggregated structure, to a specific steam sterilization treatment in a steam sterilization process, and therefore is usually sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregated structure.

[0061] A compost base material that is thoroughly sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregated structure is suitable as a raw material for compost that has a high humus content and an aggregated structure.

[0062] (effect) The compost base material of the present invention is obtained by effectively utilizing waste mushroom beds, and can provide a compost base material that is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus rate, and has an aggregate structure.

[0063] [compost] The compost of the present invention is obtained using a compost base material produced by the above-mentioned method for producing a compost base material of the present invention. The types of compost of the present invention will be explained below as the first compost of the present invention to the fourth compost of the present invention.

[0064] (First compost) The first compost is a compost containing the compost base material. The first compost is a compost obtained without fermenting the compost base material. The first compost contains or consists of the compost base material. When the first compost consists of the compost base material, the first compost is the compost base material itself. In other words, the compost base material can be used as compost as is.

[0065] In the first compost, additives can be added to the compost base material as appropriate to further promote humus production and the formation of a granular structure. Examples of additives include one or more selected from the group consisting of zeolite, diatomaceous earth, pruning branches, sawdust, used tea leaves, coffee grounds, ferrous iron, mycorrhizal fungi, and brewer's yeast. The ferrous iron supplies minerals, which are a nutrient source, to the compost base material and inhibits the decomposition of humus, thereby maintaining a high humus rate. The mycorrhizal fungi promote the formation of a granular structure in the compost base material. The brewer's yeast supplies nutrients, such as B vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, to the compost base material.

[0066] (Second compost) The second compost is a compost obtained by fermenting a pre-fermentation raw material, which is a raw material before fermentation that includes the compost base material. If the compost base material itself contains microorganisms that cause fermentation, the pre-fermentation raw material may be the compost base material alone. In the second compost, additives can be added to the pre-fermentation raw material as appropriate to further promote the formation of humus and aggregate structure. The additives used in the first compost can be the same as those used in the first compost.

[0067] The second compost is obtained by fermenting the pre-fermentation raw material. Any known method can be used as the fermentation method.

[0068] (Third compost) The third compost is a compost containing the above-mentioned compost base material, divalent iron, mycorrhizal fungi, and brewer's yeast. The third compost is the same as the first compost, except that it contains divalent iron as additives, mycorrhizal fungi, and brewer's yeast as essential ingredients.

[0069] (Fourth compost) The fourth compost is a compost obtained by fermenting a pre-fermentation material containing the above-mentioned compost base material, divalent iron, mycorrhizal fungi, and brewer's yeast. The fourth compost is a compost obtained by fermenting a pre-fermentation material containing the above-mentioned compost base material, divalent iron, mycorrhizal fungi, and brewer's yeast as essential ingredients ...

[0070] The fourth compost is obtained by fermenting the pre-fermentation raw material. Any known method can be used as the fermentation method.

[0071] (action) The compost of the present invention is obtained using the above-mentioned compost base material, which is sufficiently sterilized, has a high humus content, and has an aggregated structure, so that composting is easy and it is easy to obtain compost with a high humus content and an aggregated structure.

[0072] (effect) The compost of the present invention is easy to compost, and it is easy to obtain a compost having a high humus content and an aggregate structure. [Example]

[0073] Next, in order to further clarify the effects of the present invention, examples and comparative examples will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0074] [Example 1] (Steam sterilization) The waste mushroom beds were prepared as waste mushroom beds (culture medium for planting and cultivating mushroom spawn) that were discarded after mushroom cultivation. 3 ) steam sterilization chamber with an internal space of 16.8m per stage 2 The sterilization shelves were stacked vertically in 10 layers, spaced 35 cm apart. Next, a total of 18,500 kg of waste mushroom beds were placed on each of the 10 stacked sterilization shelves, and the door of the steam sterilization chamber was closed to make the steam sterilization chamber a closed space. Then, steam generated in a steam boiler was introduced into the steam sterilization chamber for 12 hours so that the temperature of the waste mushroom bed on the sterilization shelf reached 65°C and the steam supply rate into the steam sterilization chamber was 700 kg / h. In this way, 700 / 648 (=1.08) kg / h m of steam at 65°C was pumped into the steam sterilization chamber. 3 Steam sterilization was performed by introducing steam for 12 hours. (Bacteria count evaluation) The waste mushroom bed (compost substrate) after steam sterilization was measured for the number of filamentous fungi, color-resistant bacteria (dye-resistant bacteria), actinomycetes, bacteria, Fusarium, clubroot, and general viable bacteria per gram of compost substrate. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] [Table 1]

[0076] The items for bacterial count evaluation are briefly explained below. Filamentous fungi can be a major cause of crop diseases, and it is preferable that the number of filamentous fungi is small. The number of dye-resistant bacteria (color-resistant bacteria count) is an indicator of the degree of decomposition of organic matter. The color-resistant bacteria count decreases as decomposition progresses. A small color-resistant bacteria count is preferable. The bacteria may include bacteria that have a negative effect on crop growth, and it is preferable that the number of bacteria is small. The viable count refers to the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria that grow under certain conditions, and is an indicator of the degree of contamination of a sample. The viable count is a typical indicator of the level of microbial contamination in food (for example, 50,000 or less / g), but there are no standards for viable count for agricultural materials. For this reason, the viable count of agricultural materials such as waste mushroom beds (compost substrates) is not particularly limited, but it is considered preferable to have a lower count from the perspective of the degree of contamination.

[0077] [Example 2] (Steam sterilization) A waste mushroom bed (compost substrate) after steam sterilization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that steam at 70°C was used instead of steam at 65°C. (Bacteria count evaluation) The number of various bacteria per 1 g of the compost substrate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. The humus rate of the waste mushroom bed was also measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the humus rate of the waste mushroom bed was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0078] [Example 3] (Steam sterilization) A waste mushroom bed (compost substrate) after steam sterilization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 80°C steam was used instead of 65°C steam. (Bacteria count evaluation) The number of various bacteria per 1 g of the compost substrate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0079] [Example 4] (Steam sterilization) A waste mushroom bed (compost substrate) after steam sterilization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that steam at 90°C was used instead of steam at 65°C. (Bacteria count evaluation) The number of various bacteria per 1 g of the compost substrate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] [Comparative Example 1] The same waste mushroom bed as in Example 1 was prepared. This waste mushroom bed was not subjected to steam sterilization. (Bacteria count evaluation) The number of various bacteria per gram of waste mushroom bed was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that waste mushroom bed that had not been subjected to steam sterilization treatment was used instead of the compost substrate of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. The humus rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a waste mushroom bed that had not been subjected to steam sterilization treatment was used instead of the compost substrate of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 2 (Steam sterilization) A waste mushroom bed (compost substrate) after steam sterilization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that steam at 50°C was used instead of steam at 65°C. (Bacteria count evaluation) The number of various bacteria per 1 g of the compost substrate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 3 (Steam sterilization) A waste mushroom bed (compost substrate) after steam sterilization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that steam at 60°C was used instead of steam at 65°C. (Bacteria count evaluation) The number of various bacteria per 1 g of the compost substrate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 shows that when waste mushroom beds containing peat moss are subjected to a steam sterilization process in which they are steam sterilized at a temperature above 60°C and below 100°C for a treatment time of 12 hours, the numbers of filamentous fungi, color-resistant fungi, bacteria, and general viable bacteria are reduced.

[0084] (Soil analysis) The compost substrate of Example 2 was dried in the shade (25°C) away from direct sunlight while visually inspecting it, and then passed through a 2 mm sieve to prepare "air-dried soil." In addition, the air-dried soil was dried until the moisture content was zero to create "dry soil." The air-dried soil and dry soil were evaluated for the items shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0085] In addition, for the waste mushroom bed that was not subjected to steam sterilization treatment in Comparative Example 1, "air-dried soil" and "dry soil" were prepared in the same manner as the compost substrate in Example 2, and the items shown in Table 2 were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0086] [Table 2]

Claims

1. A method for producing a compost substrate, comprising a steam sterilization step of steam sterilizing a waste mushroom bed containing peat moss at a treatment temperature of more than 60°C and not more than 100°C for a treatment time of 6 to 12 hours.

2. The method for producing a compost substrate according to claim 1, wherein the waste mushroom bed is a waste mushroom bed used after mushroom cultivation.

3. In the steam sterilization step, the amount of steam supplied to the waste mushroom bed is 0.5 to 1.5 kg / h m ３ The method for producing a compost substrate according to claim 1, wherein the compost substrate is

4. A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The number of filamentous fungi is 1 x 10 ３ Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

5. A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The number of dye-resistant bacteria is 1 x 10 ３ Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

6. A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The number of bacteria is 500 x 10 ４ Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

7. A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, General viable bacteria count: 30,000 x 10 ２ Compost substrate with less than 1000 particles / g.

8. A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, A compost substrate with a humus content of 7% or more.

9. A compost substrate obtained by the method for producing a compost substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Compost substrate containing aggregate structure.

10. A compost comprising the compost substrate of claim 4.

11. A compost obtained by fermenting a pre-fermentation material containing the compost base material according to claim 4.

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