Percussion excavator, guide rail, and percussion method

Abstract

To provide a percussion excavator, a guide rail, and a percussion construction method capable of facilitating the operation of a crane boom, facilitating the positioning of an excavation mechanism and the excavation of a hole by the excavation mechanism, and reducing a load to the crane boom.SOLUTION: A percussion excavator 1 includes an excavation mechanism 3 having a striking drive means for repeatedly striking an excavation bit 5 by repeatedly moving a piston in a cylinder by pressure and a rotation drive means for rotating the excavation bit 5, and a guide rail 4 having a connection portion connected to a tip of a crane boom 24 of a crane vehicle 2 on a side thereof, and the excavation mechanism 3 is slidable in a vertical direction along the guide rail 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a percussion drilling machine, a guide rail, and a percussion drilling method for drilling holes in the ground by striking the ground with a drilling bit. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to erect pillar-shaped structures such as utility poles in the ground, it is common to connect an excavation mechanism having an excavation tool at the tip to the tip of the crane boom of a crane vehicle and use the excavation mechanism to excavate the ground (see, for example, Figure 7 of Patent Document 1). When excavation is difficult due to the presence of rocks or other boulders in the ground, a percussion method is used in which a drilling bit attached to the bottom end of the excavation mechanism repeatedly strikes the ground to form a hole. A known percussion method is the down-the-hole hammer method, in which the drilling bit at the tip of the excavation mechanism is repeatedly moved by air pressure or the like to repeatedly strike the ground (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

[0003] This down-the-hole hammer method is performed with the upper part of a drilling mechanism (drilling equipment) 50 connected to the tip of a crane boom 52 via a power swivel 74. The rotational force of a drive motor 76 is transmitted to an air hammer body 56 via the power swivel 74, causing the air hammer body 56 to rotate. Compressed air is sent from a compressor mounted on the crane vehicle to a second compression chamber 56C above a piston 56A connected to a drilling bit 58, causing the piston 56A and the drilling bit 58 to descend and strike the ground. Meanwhile, compressed air is sent from the compressor to a first compression chamber 56B near the bottom of the piston 56A, causing the piston 56A and the drilling bit 58 to ascend and separate from the ground. Repeated ascending and descending of the drilling bit 58 allows the drilling bit 58 to drill a hole (see FIGS. 1, 2, 3,

[0008] and

[0012] of Patent Document 2). In addition, switching between supplying compressed air to the second compression chamber 56C to lower the drilling bit 58 and supplying compressed air to the first compression chamber 56B to raise the piston 56A and the drilling bit 58 is performed by an air pressure circuit equipped with a directional control valve (switching valve). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-127021 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-11856 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In the percussion construction method described above, in which an excavation mechanism 50 is connected to the tip of a crane boom 52, it is necessary to operate the crane boom 52 to vertically lower the excavation mechanism 50 in order to excavate a hole in the ground. Because the crane boom 52 has a joint mechanism, it is necessary to position the excavation mechanism 50 at the construction site and vertically lower the excavation mechanism 50 while controlling the tip position of the crane boom 52 by operating the rotational movement of the joint. In particular, when the crane boom 52 has a joint mechanism and an extension / retraction mechanism, it is necessary to control the tip position of the crane boom 52 while controlling the tip position of the crane boom 52 by operating the rotational movement of the joint mechanism and the extension / retraction movement of the extension / retraction mechanism. For this reason, the positioning work and the excavation work require highly skilled and advanced techniques and are difficult.

[0006] Furthermore, because the excavation mechanism 50 is connected to the tip of the crane boom 52 of the crane vehicle, an upward reaction force N caused by the excavation bit 58 striking the ground is transmitted to the crane boom 52, and a moment M caused by the reaction force N becomes a load on the crane boom 52. The reaction force N and moment M can cause failure or damage to the joints and links that make up the crane boom 52.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and its purpose is to make it easier to operate a crane boom, make it easier to dig holes, and reduce the load on the crane boom. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The percussion drilling machine according to the means for achieving the above object has a first feature in that it comprises a drilling mechanism having an impact drive means that uses pressure to repeatedly move a piston in a cylinder to cause a drilling bit to perform a repeated impact motion, and a rotation drive means that rotates the drilling bit, and a guide rail having a connecting portion on the side that is connected to the tip of the crane boom of a crane vehicle, the guide rail being fixed in the ground and the drilling mechanism being able to slide along the guide rail on the side opposite the connecting portion.

[0009] In the above configuration, when the drilling mechanism is used to drill a substantially cylindrical hole with a vertical centerline, the drilling mechanism slides up and down along the guide rail, allowing the drilling mechanism to move up and down without swaying sideways. This makes it possible to easily and accurately drill a substantially cylindrical hole without requiring advanced crane boom operation techniques. Furthermore, when drilling a hole, if the drilling bit is driven by compressed air to strike the ground, an upward reaction force acts as a load on the drilling mechanism. However, the upward movement of the drilling mechanism is not restricted, and the drilling mechanism moves slightly upward in response to the reaction force, without the reaction force being directly transmitted to the crane boom. This reduces the load on the crane boom and prevents malfunction or damage to the crane boom.

[0010] In addition, the guide rail is fixed in the ground and does not move, and the guide rail has a connection part with the crane boom on the side, and the excavation mechanism slides on the opposite side of the guide rail, which reduces the transmission of vibrations caused by impact to the crane boom and makes it possible to prevent malfunction or damage to the crane boom.

[0011] The guide rail of this means is a guide rail that is connected to the tip of the crane boom of a crane vehicle and along which an excavation mechanism that presses against the ground to excavate can slide, and is characterized by having a positioning member for fixing it in the ground, a connecting part on the side with the tip of the crane boom, and the excavation mechanism sliding on the side opposite to the connecting part.

[0012] With the guide rail of the above configuration, when a hole is formed by the connected drilling mechanism, the drilling mechanism slides up and down, making it possible to easily and accurately form a substantially cylindrical hole with a vertical centerline. Furthermore, when a hole is formed, an upward reaction force is applied to the drilling mechanism due to the excavation of the ground, but the upward movement of the drilling mechanism is not restricted, and the reaction force is not directly transmitted to the crane boom. This reduces the load on the crane boom. Furthermore, the guide rail is fixed to the ground by a positioning member and does not move. The guide rail has a connection portion for the crane boom on its side, and the drilling mechanism slides on the side opposite the guide rail. This reduces the transmission of vibrations due to impacts to the crane boom. Furthermore, when a drilling mechanism that forms a hole using water pressure is connected instead of a drilling mechanism with a drilling bit, the drilling mechanism is subjected to an upward reaction force due to water pressure, but the reaction force is not directly transmitted to the crane boom, thereby reducing the load on the crane boom.

[0013] The percussion method according to the present means for achieving the above-mentioned object is a percussion method in which excavation is performed using an excavation mechanism having an impact drive means that uses pressure to repeatedly move a piston in a cylinder to cause a drilling bit to perform a repeated impact motion, and a rotation drive means that rotates the drilling bit, and its first feature is that it includes the steps of connecting the tip of the crane boom of a crane vehicle to a connecting portion provided on the side of a guide rail on which the excavation mechanism can slide, thereby connecting the crane vehicle and the excavation mechanism via the guide rail, operating the crane boom to erect the guide rail at a construction position, and sliding the excavation mechanism along the guide rail to excavate a hole at the construction position.

[0014] The percussion method configured as described above makes it possible to easily and accurately form an approximately cylindrical hole with a vertical centerline, while also reducing the load on the crane boom and preventing malfunction or damage to the crane boom.

[0015] A second feature of the percussion method according to this means is that, in a percussion method having the first feature described above, it includes the steps of detaching the tip of the crane boom from the connecting portion to separate the crane vehicle and the excavation mechanism, connecting a grapple to the tip of the crane boom, having the grapple grasp a columnar body, and operating the crane boom to insert the columnar body grasped by the grapple into the hole.

[0016] In the percussion method configured as described above, a hole for a roughly cylindrical utility pole or the like having a vertical centerline is accurately formed by the excavation mechanism, and then the columnar body is inserted into the hole, making it possible to erect the utility pole or the like accurately in the vertical direction in the ground. Furthermore, by connecting a grapple equipped on the crane boom instead of the excavation mechanism connected to the crane boom, it becomes possible to grasp the utility pole or the like with the grapple and erect the utility pole or the like. Therefore, it is possible to excavate the hole and erect the columnar body without changing the mechanism of the crane boom.

[0017] A third feature of the percussion method according to the present invention is that, in a percussion method having the first or second feature described above, the step of drilling a hole at the construction position includes drilling a hole to a predetermined depth and inserting a casing into the hole.

[0018] In the percussion method of the above configuration, when the ground is relatively fragile and the walls of the excavated hole are prone to collapse, the hole can be reinforced with a casing after excavation, making it easier to insert the columnar body into the hole.

[0019] A fourth feature of the percussion method according to this means is that, in the percussion method having the third feature described above, the step of drilling a hole at the construction position includes (i) drilling a hole to a first depth and inserting a first casing into the hole, and (ii) further drilling the hole to a second depth and inserting a second casing longer than the first casing inside the first casing.

[0020] In the percussion method configured as described above, a first casing is inserted into a hole that has been excavated to a first depth, and then the hole is excavated further to a second depth.When excavating to the second depth, the excavation mechanism is slid downward along the guide rail and moved downward along the inner wall of the first casing, which reliably prevents the excavation mechanism from shaking sideways due to the reaction force N, making it possible to more accurately form an approximately cylindrical hole.

[0021] A fifth feature of the percussion method according to this means is a percussion method having the fourth feature described above, including the steps of: detaching the tip of the crane boom from the connecting portion to separate the crane vehicle and the excavation mechanism; connecting a grapple to the tip of the crane boom; having the grapple hold the first casing in the hole; operating the crane boom to pull the first casing held by the grapple out of the hole; detaching the first casing held by the grapple from the grapple; having the grapple grasp a columnar body; and operating the crane boom to insert the columnar body grasped by the grapple into the inside of the second casing in the hole.

[0022] With the percussion method configured as described above, the first casing is pulled out of the hole, and the columnar body held by the grapple is inserted along the inside of the second casing to erect it, so it is possible to set the erection direction of the utility pole etc. accurately vertically. Therefore, there is no need to correct the erection direction after erecting the utility pole etc.

[0023] A sixth feature of the percussion method according to this means is a percussion method having the fifth feature described above, which includes the steps of: inserting the columnar body inside the second casing, and then detaching the columnar body held by the grapple from the grapple; having the grapple hold the second casing inside the hole; and operating the crane boom to pull out the second casing held by the grapple from the hole.

[0024] In the percussion method configured as described above, the grapple attached to the crane boom is connected, and the grapple can be used to hold the second casing and pull it out of the hole, making it possible to pull the second casing out of the hole without changing the mechanism of the crane boom.

[0025] The seventh feature of the percussion method according to this means is that, in the percussion method having the third feature described above, at least one of the first casing and the second casing is made up of a plurality of casing units which are combined to form a cylindrical shape, and when one casing unit approaches the other casing unit in the direction of the center line of the cylindrical shape, the one casing unit engages with the other casing unit, and when the other casing unit moves away from the one casing unit in the direction of the center line of the cylindrical shape, the engagement between the one casing unit and the other casing unit is released.

[0026] In the percussion method described above, after inserting one casing unit into a hole whose depth direction is vertical, another casing unit is moved toward the first casing unit along the centerline of the cylindrical shape, thereby engaging with the first casing unit to form a cylindrical casing. This makes it possible to easily and accurately form a casing to prevent the inner wall of a hole formed in collapsible ground from collapsing. Furthermore, when removing the casing from the hole, the other casing unit can be easily removed by pulling it upward out of the hole, thereby releasing the engagement between the first casing unit and the other casing unit. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] The percussion drilling machine, guide rail, and percussion construction method of the present invention drill holes by sliding the drilling mechanism along the guide rail, so that a generally cylindrical hole with a vertical centerline can be easily and accurately formed without requiring advanced crane boom operation techniques. Furthermore, because the reaction force caused by the impact of the drill bit is not directly transmitted to the crane boom, the load on the crane boom can be reduced, preventing malfunction or damage to the crane boom. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a percussion excavator and a crane vehicle. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a drilling bit provided in the drilling mechanism of the percussion drilling machine. [Figure 3] 1 is an example of a circuit diagram of air piping of an excavation mechanism. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the connection state between the guide rail and the crane boom. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the attachment between the guide rail and the crane boom. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the connected state of the crane boot and the grapple. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the grapple is removed from the crane boom. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a percussion excavator is connected to a crane boom. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the percussion drilling machine is positioned to drill a hole. [Figure 10] 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the first casing and the second casing are inserted into the holes. FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the first casing and the second casing are removed from the hole. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a second embodiment of the percussion excavator. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a second embodiment of the guide rail. [Figure 14]FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a second embodiment of the percussion method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] An example of an embodiment of a percussion excavator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 shows a percussion excavator 1, which is an example of a percussion excavator, and a vehicle crane 2 that can be connected for use with the percussion excavator 1. The percussion excavator 1 is a machine that excavates holes in the ground by striking the ground with a drilling bit, and is equipped with a drilling mechanism 3 and guide rails 4. In the following description, the X-axis direction is the horizontal direction in which the direction of reverse travel of the vehicle crane 2 is positive, the Z-axis direction is the vertical direction in which the upward direction is positive, and the Y-axis direction is the direction perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis.

[0030] [First embodiment] (Drilling Mechanism 3) The drilling mechanism 3 comprises an impact drive means that performs a repetitive impact motion on the drilling bit 5 in the Z-axis direction, and a rotation drive means that rotates the drilling bit 5 horizontally. The impact drive means comprises a compressor 6 mounted on the crane vehicle 2 and a swivel joint 8 into which compressed air flows from the compressor 6 via an air pipe 7. The rotation drive means comprises a motor 9 that rotates the drilling bit 5 via the swivel joint 8. As shown in Figure 2, the drilling bit 5 comprises three bit units 10(1), 10(2), and 10(3) that are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. The bit unit 10(1) is composed of a striking member 11(1) and a piston shaft 12(1) fixed to the striking member 11(1), the bit unit 10(2) is composed of a striking member 11(2) and a piston shaft 12(2) fixed to the striking member 11(2), and the bit unit 10(3) is composed of a striking member 11(3) and a piston shaft 12(3) fixed to the striking member 11(3). Each of the striking members 11(1), 11(2), and 11(3) has a plurality of protrusions PT and V-grooves VG on its bottom surface BS, and a through hole TH extending vertically from the base of the V-groove VG. The piston shaft 12(1) is fitted into the hollow portion 14(1) of the body 13, the piston shaft 12(2) is fitted into the hollow portion 14(2) of the body 13, and the piston shaft 12(3) is fitted into the hollow portion 14(3) of the body 13.

[0031] The bit units 10(1), 10(2), and 10(3) are reciprocated in the Z-axis direction by, for example, a pneumatic circuit as shown in FIG. 3. In the example of FIG. 3, the bit unit 10(1) is reciprocated in the Z-axis direction by intermittently supplying compressed air from the compressor 6 to the hollow portion 14(1) via the air pipe 7, the swivel joint 8, and the branch pipe 15(1). The branch pipes 15(1), 15(2), and 15(3) are disposed within the case 16. The bit units 10(2) and 10(3) reciprocate in the Z-axis direction in the same manner as the bit unit 10(1). Note that, for example, each bit unit 10 may be reciprocated independently by switching the path through which compressed air is sent among the paths from the compressor 6 to the bit units 10(1), 10(2), and 10(3).

[0032] (Guide rail 4) The guide rail 4 comprises a sliding member 17 to which the swivel joint 8 of the excavation mechanism 3 is fixed, and a rail body 18 along which the sliding member 17 can slide, with the vertical direction being the longitudinal direction during excavation work. The rail body 18 comprises a guide member 19 extending in the longitudinal direction of the rail body 18, and the sliding member 17 slides only in the longitudinal direction of the rail body 18 while engaged with the guide member 19. The sliding member 17 is held by a roller chain 20 hanging from a top box 21, and the roller chain 20 can be wound up by a winding mechanism within the top box 21. A belt can be used instead of the roller chain 20. A positioning member 22 is provided at the lower end of the rail body 18, which is thrust into the ground GL to fix the guide rail 4.

[0033] (Crane vehicle 2) The guide rail 4 is supported by a crane boom 24 connected to the vehicle body 25 of the crane vehicle 2. The crane boom 24 includes a link 27 connected to the vehicle body 25 at a rotation shaft 26, a link 29 connected to the link 27 at a rotation shaft 28, a link 31 connected to the link 29 at a rotation shaft 30, a link 32 movable in the longitudinal direction of the link 31, and a connecting jig 33 fixed to the tip of the link 32. As shown in FIG. 4 , the connecting jig 33 is composed of a tip fitting 34 fixed to the tip of the link 32, and a link 36 connected to the tip fitting 34 at a rotation shaft 35.

[0034] A boom-side attachment 38 having a hole 37 is provided at the tip of the link 36, and the boom-side attachment 38 is connected to an attachment 40 fixed to the rail main body 18. As a result, the attachment 40, which is the connection between the tip of the crane boom 24 and the guide rail 4, is provided on the side of the guide rail 4, and the excavation mechanism 3 slides on the opposite side of the guide rail 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the attachment 40 has a U-shaped metal fitting 41 that is fixed to the rail main body 18, and the U-shaped metal fitting 41 is provided with a hole 43 for inserting a pin 42 and a hole 44 for fixing to the rail main body 18 with a bolt. The boom-side attachment 38 is engaged with the inner wall of the U-shaped metal fitting 41, and the pin 42 is inserted into the hole 37 of the boom-side attachment 38 and the hole 43 of the U-shaped metal fitting 41, whereby the boom-side attachment 38 is connected to the attachment 40, as shown in FIG. 4(b). The pin 42 is fixed to the U-shaped metal fitting 41 by fixing the auxiliary pin 45 to the U-shaped metal fitting 41 with the auxiliary pin 45 inserted.

[0035] As shown in Fig. 6, a grapple 100 is normally connected to the boom-side attachment 38 at the tip of the crane boom 24 except when excavation work is being performed. The grapple 100 has an arm 101, and a grapple-side attachment 102 is fixed to the arm 101. The grapple-side attachment 102 is provided with holes (not shown) that have the same inner diameter and pitch as the holes 43 of the attachment 40, and the boom-side attachment 38 is connected to the grapple-side attachment 102 in the same way that the boom-side attachment 38 is connected to the attachment 40. The grapple 100 has gripping claws 104 that rotate around a rotation axis 103. Fig. 6(b) shows a state in which the gripping claws 104 grip a utility pole TP, which is a pillar-shaped object.

[0036] (Percussion method) Next, the percussion method performed using the percussion excavator 1 and the crane vehicle 2 will be explained in chronological order with reference to the drawings. First, as shown in Figure 7, the grapple 100 that is normally connected to the crane boom 24 is removed and placed on the ground GL. The pins 42 inserted into the boom-side attachment 38 and the grapple-side attachment 102 are removed, and the crane boom 24 is operated to raise the boom-side attachment 38, thereby detaching the boom-side attachment 38 from the grapple-side attachment 102 and separating the connecting jig 33 from the grapple 100, and the grapple 100 is then removed from the crane boom 24.

[0037] With the grapple 100 removed from the crane boom 24, the crane boom 24 is coupled to the percussion excavator 1 placed on the transport vehicle 110, as shown in Figure 8. The crane boom 24 is operated to engage and secure the boom-side attachment 38 to the inner wall of the attachment 40 fixed to the rail body 18, as shown in Figure 4(b), thereby coupling the crane boom 24 to the percussion excavator 1.

[0038] The crane vehicle 2 coupled to the percussion excavator 1 moves to the construction site, and the crane boom 24 is operated to position the guide rail 4 so that the excavation mechanism 3 is located above the excavation position, as shown in FIG. 9(a). At this time, the guide rail 4 is fixed to the ground GL by placing the positioning member 22 on the ground GL. Next, the roller chain 20 is lowered in the negative direction of the Z axis, and the sliding member 17 slides along the rail body 18 in the negative direction of the Z axis, thereby lowering the excavation mechanism 3. Furthermore, the excavation bit 5 is driven by compressed air to strike the ground GL in the negative direction of the Z axis, and the excavation bit 5 and other components are rotated by the motor 9. As a result, a hole BH is formed in the ground GL, as shown in FIG. 9(b).

[0039] When forming the hole BH, the excavation mechanism 3 slides in the negative Z-axis direction along the rail main body 18, and the movement of the excavation mechanism 3 is restricted only in the Z-axis direction by the guide member 19; the excavation mechanism 3 does not move in the X-axis or Y-axis directions. Therefore, the excavation mechanism 3 slides in the negative Z-axis direction in a stable state without swaying from side to side, and an approximately cylindrical hole BH with a vertical centerline can be easily and accurately formed without requiring advanced techniques for operating the crane boom 24.

[0040] Furthermore, when drilling the hole BH, the drilling bit 5 is driven by compressed air and strikes the ground GL in the negative direction of the Z axis, which applies a reaction force N in the positive direction of the Z axis to the drilling mechanism 3. At this time, because the drilling mechanism 3 is held by the roller chain 20, its movement in the positive direction of the Z axis is not restricted, and the drilling mechanism 3 moves slightly in the positive direction of the Z axis along the guide member 19 in response to the reaction force N. As a result, the reaction force N is not transmitted to the crane boom 24 via the attachment 40. Therefore, the moment M is not applied to the crane boom 24, the load on the crane boom 24 is eliminated, and malfunction or damage to the crane boom 24 can be prevented. Furthermore, because the guide rail 4 is fixed to the ground GL, the guide rail 4 has the attachment 40 on its side, and the drilling mechanism 3 slides on the opposite side of the guide rail 4, the transmission of vibrations caused by the strike of the drilling bit 5 to the crane boom 24 can be reduced. As a result, malfunction or damage to the crane boom 24 due to the vibration can be prevented.

[0041] When the depth of the hole BH to be formed reaches the first depth HD1, as shown in FIG. 9(c), the first casing K(1) is inserted into the hole BH. The first depth HD1 is, for example, 1.5 mm. The first casing K(1) is cylindrical, has an outer diameter that allows it to be inserted into the hole BH, an inner diameter that allows the drilling bit 5 and the body 13 to be inserted, and has a length in the centerline direction that is shorter than the first depth HD1. The length in the centerline direction of the first casing K(1) is, for example, 1 m. The first casing K(1) can be inserted into the hole BH, for example, with the drilling mechanism 3 raised.

[0042] Next, the hole BH is further excavated. When the depth of the hole BH reaches the second depth HD2, the second casing K(2) is inserted inside the first casing K(1) as shown in FIG. 10(a). The second depth HD2 is, for example, 2.7 m. The second casing K(2) is cylindrical and made up of two semi-cylindrical casing units K(2)S. The second casing K(2) has an outer diameter that allows insertion into the first casing K(1), an inner diameter that allows insertion of the drilling bit 5 and the body 13, and a length in the centerline direction that is shorter than the second depth HD2. The length in the centerline direction of the second casing K(2) is, for example, 2.2 m. The second casing K(2) can be inserted into the first casing K(1) while the drilling mechanism 3 is raised, for example. The second casing K(2) may be formed by inserting two casing units K(2)S separately into the first casing K(1). Since the second casing K(2) is longer and heavier than the first casing K(1), it is easier to insert the two casing units K(2)S separately into the first casing K(1).

[0043] When excavating from the first depth HD1 to the second depth HD2, the excavation mechanism 3 is slid in the negative direction of the Z axis along the rail main body 18, and the body 13 and the excavation bit 5 are moved in the negative direction of the Z axis along the inner wall of the first casing K(1). This makes it possible to easily and accurately form a substantially cylindrical hole BH without requiring advanced operation techniques for the crane boom 24. Furthermore, because the excavation mechanism 3 is held by the roller chain 20, the reaction force N from the excavation bit 5 is not directly transmitted to the crane boom 24, and the movement of the excavation mechanism 3 is restricted only in the Z axis direction by the guide member 19 and the first casing K(1). Therefore, no moment M is applied as a load to the crane boom 24.

[0044] Next, with the first casing K(1) and the second casing K(2) inserted into the hole BH, as shown in FIG. 10(b), the excavation mechanism 3 is slid in the positive direction of the Z axis and pulled out of the hole BH. With the excavation mechanism 3 removed from the hole BH, the percussion excavator 1 is moved to another position other than the construction position. At the construction position, as shown in FIG. 10(c), the first casing K(1) and the second casing K(2) remain in the hole BH. After moving to another position, the percussion excavator 1 has its attachment 40 detached from the connecting jig 33 and removed from the crane boom 24. With the percussion excavator 1 removed, the crane boom 24 is connected to the grapple 100 by fixing the boom-side attachment 38 to the grapple-side attachment 102 with a pin 42, as shown in FIG. 6(a).

[0045] A hook 105 is connected to an arm 101 of a grapple 100 connected to the crane boom 24. The hook 105 is connected to a wire 106 that holds the first casing K(1), as shown in FIG. 11(a). By operating the crane boom 24, the first casing K(1) is pulled up. When the first casing K(1) is released from the hole BH, the first casing K(1) is moved to a position other than the construction position, and the first casing K(1) is released from the crane boom 24. Next, the grapple 100 connected to the crane boom 24 grasps the utility pole TP, and as shown in FIG. 11(b), the utility pole TP is inserted into the second casing K(2). Since the utility pole TP is erected by inserting the columnar body along the inside of the second casing K(2), it is possible to accurately set the erection direction of the utility pole TP vertically. Therefore, there is no need to correct the erection direction of the utility pole TP after it has been erected.

[0046] Once the insertion of the utility pole TP is complete, a wire 111 is connected to the grapple 100, and the casing units K(2)S are held by the wire 111. As shown in FIG. 11(c), the crane boom 24 is operated to lift the casing units K(2)S one by one. At this time, the casing units K(2)S may be grasped by the gripping claws 104 of the grapple 100. When the two casing units K(2)S are released from the hole BH, the utility pole TP is erected on the ground GL. If a gap occurs between the utility pole TP and the hole BH at this time, earth or ready-mixed concrete may be poured into the gap. In this way, the excavation of the hole BH using the percussion excavator 1 and the erection of the utility pole TP in the hole BH are completed, and the percussion construction method is completed.

[0047] [Second embodiment of percussion excavator] In the percussion drilling machine 1, as shown in FIG. 12, it is possible to spray water PW from the through hole TH of the drilling bit 5. For example, by incorporating a water pump into the piping circuit as a substitute for the compressor 6 of FIG. 3, it is possible to spray water PW. When the sprayed water PW mixes with particles on the inner wall of the hole BH to be formed, a slurry adheres to the inner wall, preventing the inner wall from collapsing. In addition, dust generated during drilling can be suppressed. The water pressure of the water PW may also be used to drill the hole BH.

[0048] In the second embodiment, the ground GL is excavated by the excavation mechanism 3 sliding along the guide rails 4, so the ground can be easily excavated without operating the crane boom 24, and the crane boom 24 is not subjected to a load from the reaction force N. Note that the striking members 11(1), 11(2), and 11(3) may strike the ground GL using air pressure, and water PW may be sprayed from the through-hole TH. Furthermore, oil may be mixed with the air in the pneumatic circuit used by the striking members 11(1) and the like to strike the ground GL.

[0049] [Second embodiment of the guide rail] FIG. 13 shows an example in which a hydraulic-only excavation mechanism 120 is attached to the guide rail 4 as an alternative to the percussion excavator 1. The excavation mechanism 120, for example, sprays water PW at a predetermined water pressure from nozzles 122(1), 122(2), and 122(3) provided at the bottom end of a case 121. An example of the piping circuit of the excavation mechanism 120 is shown in FIG. 13(b). In this example, water PW can be sprayed from nozzles 122(1), 122(2), and 122(3) via a swivel joint 123 and a throttle valve 124 from a water pump 125 mounted on a crane vehicle 2. In this embodiment, the ground GL is excavated by the excavation mechanism 120 sliding along the guide rail 4. This allows the ground to be easily excavated without operating the crane boom 24, and the crane boom 24 is not subjected to a load from the reaction force N due to water pressure. The excavation mechanism 120 may be provided with a load sensor for detecting the excavation load so that buried objects in the ground GL can be detected.

[0050] [Second embodiment of the percussion method] The casing used in the percussion method of this embodiment may be the casing KO shown in Figure 14. The casing KO is formed into a cylindrical shape by combining two semi-cylindrical casing units KOS1 and KOS2. For example, the casing KO is used as the second casing K(2) inserted into the first casing K(1), but this is not limiting, and only the casing KO may be used without using the first casing K(1).

[0051] As shown in Figure 14(c), one casing unit, casing unit KOS1, has an L-shaped engaging device 130 at one side end KOS1e, and a U-shaped engaging device 131 at the other side end KOS1e. As shown in Figure 14(b), the other casing unit, casing unit KOS2, has an engaging device 131 at one side end KOS2e that engages with the engaging device 130 of casing unit KOS1, and has an engaging device 130 at the other side end KOS2e that engages with the engaging device 131 of casing unit KOS1.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 14(d), the casing KO is formed by inserting the casing single unit KOS1 into the hole BH, whose depth direction is the Z-axis direction, and then moving the casing single unit KOS2 toward the casing single unit KOS1 in the negative Z-axis direction, which is the direction of the center line CL1. This allows the engaging members 131 of the casing single unit KOS2 to engage with the engaging members 130 of the casing single unit KOS1, and the engaging members 130 of the casing single unit KOS2 to engage with the engaging members 131 of the casing single unit KOS1. This allows the casing single unit KOS2 to engage with the casing single unit KOS1, making it easy and reliable to form the cylindrical casing KO. Particularly when the casing KO is used together with the first casing K(1), sliding the casing single unit KOS2 along the inner surface of the first casing K(1) allows the casing single unit KOS2 to accurately move in the direction of the center line CL1 and reliably engage with the casing single unit KOS1, making it easier to form the casing KO. This makes it possible to easily and reliably form a casing (KO) to prevent the inner wall of the hole from collapsing. Furthermore, by using the casing (KO), even if the ground (GL) is prone to collapse, the excavation work can be carried out without interference from earth and sand by passing the excavation mechanism through the casing (KO).

[0053] On the other hand, when removing the casing KO from the hole BH, the casing unit KOS2 is pulled out of the hole BH in the positive direction of the Z axis, thereby releasing the engagement between the casing units KOS1 and KOS2 and allowing the casing unit KOS2 to be easily pulled out of the hole BH. Thereafter, the casing unit KOS1 remaining in the hole BH can be easily pulled out of the hole BH without interference from the other casing units. The casing units KOS1 and KOS2 can be inserted into and pulled out of the hole BH using a crane boom while held by a wire or grapple.

[0054] Although an example of a percussion excavator, guide rail, and percussion construction method has been described above using the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above. For example, the percussion excavator may be coupled to a crane vehicle with crawlers (endless tracks). Furthermore, the percussion excavator and percussion construction method are not limited to excavating holes for erecting pillars, but may also be used for excavating holes for geological testing or buried object investigation, etc. Furthermore, the percussion excavator and percussion construction method of the present invention are not limited to those that use a casing. For example, if the ground GL is stable and the walls of the hole BH are not likely to collapse, a casing may not be used.

[0055] Furthermore, examples of casings used in the percussion method include a casing with a one-piece cylindrical shape and a casing formed by combining semi-cylindrical casing units to form a cylindrical shape, but the present invention is not limited to these and may also include a casing formed by combining casing units with a cylindrical shape divided into three or more parts. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1: Percussion excavator, 2: Crane vehicle, 3: Excavation mechanism, 4: Guide rail, 5: Excavation bit, 6: Compressor, 9: Motor, 10(1), 10(2), 10(3): Bit unit, 11(1), 11(2), 11(3): Striking member, 12(1), 12(2), 12(3): Piston shaft, 13: Body, 16: Case, 17: Sliding member, 18: Rail body, 19: Guide member, 20: Roller chain, 21: Top box, 22: Positioning member, 24: Crane boom, 2 5: Vehicle body, 33: Connecting jig, 34: Tip fitting, 38: Boom side attachment, 40: Attachment, 100: Grapple, 101: Arm, 102: Grapple side attachment, 104: Grasping claw, 110: Transport vehicle, 120: Excavation mechanism, PT: Protrusion, VG: V-shaped groove, TH: Through hole, BH: Hole, TP: Utility pole, K(1): First casing, K(2): Second casing, K(2)S: Casing alone, GL: Ground, KO: Casing, KOS1, KOS2: Casing alone

Claims

1. a drilling mechanism having an impact driving means for repeatedly striking the drilling bit by repeatedly moving a piston in a cylinder using pressure, and a rotation driving means for rotating the drilling bit; a guide rail having a connecting portion on a side thereof that is connected to the tip of the crane boom of the crane vehicle; The guide rail is fixed to the ground, and the excavation mechanism is slidable along the guide rail on the side opposite to the connecting portion. Percussion drilling machine.

2. A guide rail that is connected to the tip of the crane boom of a crane vehicle and allows an excavation mechanism that presses the ground to excavate to slide, A positioning member for being fixed to the ground is provided, The excavation mechanism slides on the side opposite to the connecting portion, and the excavation mechanism slides on the side opposite to the connecting portion. Guide rail.

3. A percussion method for drilling using a drilling mechanism having an impact driving means for repeatedly striking a drilling bit by repeatedly moving a piston in a cylinder using pressure, and a rotation driving means for rotating the drilling bit, a step of connecting the tip of a crane boom of a crane vehicle to a connecting portion provided on a side of a guide rail on which the excavation mechanism is slidable, thereby connecting the crane vehicle and the excavation mechanism via the guide rail; a step of operating the crane boom to erect the guide rail at a construction position; Sliding the drilling mechanism along the guide rail to drill a hole at the construction position; Percussion techniques including.

4. detaching the tip of the crane boom from the coupling portion to separate the crane vehicle from the excavation mechanism; connecting a grapple to the tip of the crane boom; A step of gripping a pillar-shaped body with the grapple; A step of operating the crane boom to insert the columnar object grasped by the grapple into the hole; The percussion method according to claim 3, comprising:

5. The step of drilling a hole at the installation location includes drilling a hole to a predetermined depth and inserting a casing into the hole. The percussion method according to claim 3 or 4.

6. The step of drilling a hole at the installation position includes: (i) drilling a hole to a first depth and inserting a first casing into the hole; and (ii) further drilling the hole to a second depth and inserting a second casing, the second casing being longer than the first casing, inside the first casing. The percussion method according to claim 5.

7. detaching the tip of the crane boom from the coupling portion to separate the crane vehicle from the excavation mechanism; connecting a grapple to the tip of the crane boom; causing the grapple to hold the first casing within the hole; operating the crane boom to pull out the first casing held by the grapple from the hole; a step of detaching the first casing held by the grapple from the grapple; A step of gripping a pillar-shaped body with the grapple; and operating the crane boom to insert the columnar body gripped by the grapple into the inside of the second casing in the hole. The percussion method according to claim 6.

8. a step of inserting the pillar-shaped body into the inside of the second casing and then releasing the pillar-shaped body gripped by the grapple from the grapple; causing the grapple to hold the second casing within the hole; and operating the crane boom to pull out the second casing held by the grapple from the hole. The percussion method according to claim 7.

9. The casing is made up of a plurality of casing units that are combined to form a cylindrical shape, When one casing unit approaches the other casing unit in the direction of the center line of the cylindrical shape, the one casing unit and the other casing unit are engaged with each other, When one casing unit moves away from the other casing unit in the direction of the center line of the cylindrical shape, the engagement between the one casing unit and the other casing unit is released. The percussion method according to claim 5.

Images