Mold and blade member

Abstract

To provide a mold capable of appropriately manufacturing an object having irregularities formed on its surface.MEANS: Wherein at least one of a corner portion of a first projection among the plurality of projections and a boundary portion between adjacent first and second projections among the plurality of projections includes a curved surface, a radius of curvature of the curved surface included in the at least one of the corner portion and the boundary portion is R, a pitch of the projections is P, and a height of the projections is H, A condition of "1 μm <R <4 μ m" is satisfied, and at least one of a condition of "5 μm <P <200 μ m" and a condition of "2.5 μm <H <100 μ m" is satisfied.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technical field of a mold used for molding a molded product, and a blade member such as a blade or a vane, for example.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes an aircraft including an airframe having riblets formed on its surface as an example of an object having irregularities formed on its surface. In this case, it is required to appropriately manufacture an object having irregularities formed on its surface.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to a first aspect, there is provided a mold used for injection molding an injection molded product having blades installed in a fluid with a meltable material, the mold including a molding surface with which the material comes into contact, and a plurality of convex structures formed on the molding surface so as to be arranged along a third direction intersecting with a first direction and a second direction, the convex structures extending in the first direction and protruding in the second direction intersecting with the first direction. At least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary portion between the first convex structure and a second convex structure adjacent along the third direction among the plurality of convex structures includes a curved surface, a radius of curvature of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner and the boundary portion is R, a pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P, and a height from the boundary portion of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H. A mold is provided that satisfies a first condition of "1 micrometer < R < 4 micrometers" and at least one of a second condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and a third condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers". It should be noted that in the original text, there is no content for [[ID=XX]] in the source text. I have added a placeholder for "

Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to a second aspect, a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of convex structures include a first region where the plurality of convex structures are formed, a second region where the plurality of convex structures are not formed, and a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction and having a plurality of other convex structures each connected to the plurality of convex structures. The plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region, and at least one height of the plurality of other convex structures decreases as it approaches the second region. When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, a blade member is provided that satisfies at least one of a first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and a second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers".

[0006] According to a third aspect, a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of convex structures include a first region where the plurality of convex structures are formed, a fourth region where the plurality of convex structures are not formed, and a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction. An inclination angle formed by the surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle formed by the side surface of the plurality of convex structures and the axis along the second direction. When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, a blade member is provided that satisfies at least one of a first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and a second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers".

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the overall structure of the processing system of this embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram showing the system configuration of the machining system of this embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the turbine. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a turbine blade. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows the structure of a turbine blade. [Figure 6] Figure 6(a) is an oblique view showing the riblet structure, Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the riblet structure (cross-sectional view taken along VI-VI' in Figure 6(a)), and Figure 6(c) is a top view showing the riblet structure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a turbine blade. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a mold for manufacturing the turbine blade shown in FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9(a) is a perspective view showing the molded structure formed in the mold, and FIG. 9(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the molded structure formed in the mold. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the riblet structure and the molding structure. [Figure 11] Figure 11(a) is an oblique view showing a molded structure in which at least one of the corners and the boundary portions includes a curved surface, and Figure 11(b) is a cross-sectional view showing a molded structure in which at least one of the corners and the boundary portions includes a curved surface. [Figure 12] Figure 12(a) is an oblique view showing a riblet structure formed using the molding structure shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b), and Figure 12(b) is a cross-sectional view showing a riblet structure formed using the molding structure shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b). [Figure 13] FIG. 13(a) is a perspective view showing the first termination structure, and FIG. 13(b) is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along AA' in FIG. 13(a)) showing the first termination structure. [Figure 14]Figure 14(a) is an oblique view showing a portion of a turbine blade manufactured using a mold in which the first terminal structure shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b) is formed, and Figure 14(b) is a cross-sectional view (B-B' cross-sectional view of Figure 14(a)) showing a portion of a turbine blade manufactured using a mold in which the first terminal structure shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b) is formed. [Figure 15] FIG. 15(a) is a perspective view showing the second termination structure, and FIG. 15(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the second termination structure. [Figure 16] Figure 16(a) is an oblique view showing a portion of a turbine blade manufactured using a mold in which the second end structure shown in Figures 15(a) and 15(b) is formed, and Figure 16(b) is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a turbine blade manufactured using a mold in which the second end structure shown in Figures 15(a) and 15(b) is formed. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the structure of the design device. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing the flow of the design operation performed by the design device. [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows the design GUI. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows an input screen included in the design GUI. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 shows a database used to calculate the properties of the riblet structure based on design information. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows an output screen included in the design GUI. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a processing optical system provided in a processing system according to the first modified example. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a plan view showing a plurality of processing beams irradiated onto the turbine blade. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a plurality of processing beams irradiated onto the turbine blade. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a plurality of processing beams irradiated onto the turbine blade. [Figure 27]FIG. 27 is a plan view showing a plurality of processing beams irradiated onto the turbine blade. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 shows a schematic diagram of a processing system for performing post-processing. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a processing system in the second modified example. [Figure 30] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the riblet structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Hereinafter, embodiments of the mold, molded product, blade member, part, and manufacturing method will be described with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, embodiments of the mold, molded product, blade member, part, and manufacturing method will be described using a processing system SYS that performs processing using processing light EL. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0009] In the following description, the positional relationships of the various components that make up the machining system SYS will be explained using an XYZ Cartesian coordinate system defined by mutually orthogonal X, Y, and Z axes. For ease of explanation, the X-axis and Y-axis directions are assumed to be horizontal (i.e., predetermined directions within a horizontal plane), and the Z-axis direction is assumed to be vertical (i.e., a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, essentially an up-and-down direction). The rotation directions around the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis (in other words, tilt directions) are referred to as the θX direction, θY direction, and θZ direction, respectively. Here, the Z-axis direction may be the direction of gravity. The XY plane may also be assumed to be horizontal.

[0010] (1) Structure of the machining system SYS First, the structure of the machining system SYS of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the machining system SYS of this embodiment. Figure 2 is a system configuration diagram showing the system configuration of the machining system SYS of this embodiment.

[0011] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the processing system SYS includes a processing device 1, a processing light source 2, and a control device 3. At least a portion of the processing device 1 is housed in the internal space of a housing 4. The internal space of the housing 4 may or may not be purged with a purge gas such as nitrogen gas. The internal space of the housing 4 may or may not be evacuated. However, the processing device 1 does not have to be housed in the internal space of the housing 4. In other words, the processing system SYS does not have to include a housing 4 that houses the processing device 1.

[0012] The processing device 1 is capable of processing a workpiece W, which is an object to be processed (which may also be referred to as a base material), under the control of the control device 3. The workpiece W may be, for example, a metal, an alloy (e.g., duralumin, etc.), a semiconductor (e.g., silicon), a resin, a composite material such as CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic), paint (for example, a paint layer applied to a base material), glass, or an object made of any other material.

[0013] The surface of the workpiece W may be coated with a film made of a material different from that of the workpiece W. In this case, the surface of the film coated on the surface of the workpiece W may be the surface to be processed by the processing device 1. Even in this case, the processing device 1 may be considered to process the workpiece W (i.e., to process the workpiece W coated with the film).

[0014] The processing device 1 irradiates the workpiece W with processing light EL in order to process the workpiece W. The processing light EL may be any type of light as long as it can process the workpiece W when irradiated onto the workpiece W. In this embodiment, the processing light EL will be described using an example in which the processing light EL is laser light, but the processing light EL may be a type of light other than laser light. Furthermore, the wavelength of the processing light EL may be any wavelength as long as it can process the workpiece W when irradiated onto the workpiece W. For example, the processing light EL may be visible light or invisible light (e.g., at least one of infrared light, ultraviolet light, and extreme ultraviolet light). The processing light EL may include pulsed light (e.g., pulsed light having an emission time of picoseconds or less). Alternatively, the processing light EL may not include pulsed light. In other words, the processing light EL may be continuous light.

[0015] The processing apparatus 1 may perform a removal process to remove a portion of the workpiece W by irradiating the workpiece W with processing light EL. In this embodiment, the processing apparatus 1 performs the removal process to form a riblet structure RB, which will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 6, on the surface of the workpiece W. The riblet structure RB may include a structure that can reduce the resistance of the surface of the workpiece W to a fluid (particularly, at least one of frictional resistance and turbulent frictional resistance). For this reason, the riblet structure RB may be formed on a workpiece W having a component that is installed (in other words, located) in a fluid. Note that the term "fluid" here refers to a medium (e.g., at least one of gas and liquid) flowing relative to the surface of the workpiece W. For example, if the surface of the workpiece W moves relative to a medium while the medium itself is stationary, the medium may also be referred to as a fluid. Note that the state in which the medium is stationary may also refer to a state in which the medium is not moving relative to a predetermined reference object (e.g., the ground surface).

[0016] When a riblet structure RB including a structure that can reduce the resistance of the surface of such a workpiece W to a fluid (particularly, at least one of frictional resistance and turbulent frictional resistance) is formed on the workpiece W, the workpiece W becomes more easily movable relative to the fluid. This reduces the resistance that hinders the movement of the workpiece W relative to the fluid, leading to energy savings. In other words, it becomes possible to manufacture an environmentally friendly workpiece W. For example, when a riblet structure RB is formed on a turbine blade BL, which will be described later, it reduces the resistance that hinders the movement (typically, rotation) of the turbine blade BL, leading to energy savings in a device (e.g., a turbine T) that uses the turbine blade BL. In other words, it becomes possible to manufacture an environmentally friendly turbine blade BL (turbine T).

[0017] An example of a workpiece W on which a riblet structure RB is formed is a turbine blade BL. In this case, the processing device 1 may process the turbine blade BL to form the riblet structure RB on the surface of the turbine blade BL. The turbine blade BL is a member used in the turbine T. Note that a member may also be referred to as a part. The turbine blade BL is at least a part of the turbine T. In other words, the turbine blade BL is a blade-shaped member that constitutes the blade of the turbine T that is placed in a fluid. For this reason, the turbine blade BL may also be referred to as a blade member.

[0018] An example of a turbine T is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the exterior of the turbine T. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the exterior of a turbine blade BL. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the turbine T includes a plurality of turbine blades BL. Each turbine blade BL includes a shank 91 and a blade body 92 that is connected to the shank 91 and extends from the shank 91 radially outward of the turbine T. At least one of the shank 91 and the blade body 92 may be made of a single metal. At least one of the shank 91 and the blade body 92 may be made of multiple metals. At least one of the shank 91 and the blade body 92 may be manufactured by an existing manufacturing method (e.g., a manufacturing method using at least one of casting, forging, additive processing, subtractive processing, and machining). The shank 91 and the blade body 92 may be manufactured integrally. Alternatively, the shank 91 and the blade body 92 may be manufactured separately and then joined by an existing joining method (e.g., a joining method using at least one of welding, brazing, and adhesive). The shanks 91 of the turbine blades BL may be connected to one another. The connected shanks 91 may form at least a part of a rotatable rotor RT. The rotor RT and the turbine blades BL may be integrally formed.

[0019] The blade body 92 extends radially outward from the turbine T from a platform 911 of the shank 91. The platform 911 includes a pressure side platform 9111 and a suction side platform 9112. The blade body 92 includes a pressure face 921, a suction face 922 facing opposite the pressure face 921, a root portion 923 connected to the shank 91, and a tip portion 924 constituting the end opposite the root portion 923. The blade body 92 further includes a leading edge surface 925 located between the pressure face 921 and the suction face 922, and a trailing edge surface 926 located between the pressure face 921 and the suction face 922 opposite the leading edge surface 925. At least one surface of the pressure face 921, the suction face 922, the leading edge surface 925, and the trailing edge surface 926 may include a curved surface. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 4, at least the surfaces of the positive pressure side 921 and the negative pressure side 922 each include a curved surface.

[0020] The turbine T can rotate using the flow of a fluid supplied to the turbine T. Specifically, the turbine T is supplied with a fluid (for example, at least one of water, steam, air, and gas). The fluid supplied to the turbine T flows along the surfaces of each of the multiple turbine blades BL. Therefore, the turbine blades BL are immersed in the fluid. As a result, the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into rotational energy of the turbine T by the multiple turbine blades BL. An example of such a turbine T is at least one of a steam turbine that uses steam as the fluid and a gas turbine that uses gas as the fluid. Another example of such a turbine T is at least one of a hydro turbine that uses water as the fluid and a buoyancy turbine that uses air as the fluid. The turbine T may also generate a fluid flow by its rotation.

[0021] The turbine T shown in Figures 3 and 4 is equipped with axial-flow turbine blades BL. That is, the turbine T shown in Figures 3 and 4 is an axial-flow turbine. However, the turbine T may also be a radial-flow turbine (i.e., a radial turbine) as shown in Figure 5. In a radial-flow turbine, fluid enters the turbine blades BL parallel to the rotation axis 120 of the turbine blades BL and exits the outlet portion 160 in a direction intersecting the rotation axis 120, as shown by arrows F1 and F2 in Figure 5.

[0022] In the following description, for convenience of explanation, an example will be described in which the workpiece W is a turbine blade BL. However, the workpiece W is not limited to a turbine blade BL. In other words, the riblet structure RB may be formed on a workpiece W other than the turbine blade BL. Another example of the workpiece W on which the riblet structure RB is formed is any member that moves relative to a medium (e.g., a fluid). For example, the workpiece W may be at least a part of a turbine vane. In other words, in addition to or instead of the turbine blade BL constituting a blade member that may be called a rotor blade, a turbine vane constituting a blade member that may be called a stationary blade may be used as the workpiece W. For example, the workpiece W may be a member of the turbine W other than the blade member (e.g., a member installed in a fluid). In other words, the workpiece W may be any member used in the turbine W (e.g., a member installed in a fluid). For example, the workpiece W may be the turbine T itself (e.g., the turbine T shown in FIGS. 3 to 5) or at least a part of the turbine T. For example, the workpiece W may be a fan, impeller, propeller, or pump itself. For example, the workpiece W may be at least a part of a fan, impeller, propeller, or pump. For example, the workpiece W may be a component (e.g., a component installed in a fluid) used in a fan, impeller, propeller, or pump. For example, the workpiece W may be at least a blade component of a fan, impeller, propeller, or pump propeller. A fan is a component (typically, a rotating body) used in a blower or the like that forms a gas flow. A propeller is a component (typically, a rotating body) that converts the rotational force output from a prime mover including at least one of an engine and a motor into the propulsive force of a moving body including at least one of an airplane, a ship, etc. An impeller is a component (e.g., a rotating impeller) used in a pump that can rotate to generate a force that causes the pump to pump (or suck) a fluid. For example, the workpiece W may be at least a part of a stationary separation plate arranged around the impeller. For example, the workpiece W may be at least a part of the housing (e.g., an airframe or a hull) of a moving body including at least one of an airplane, a ship, etc.For example, the workpiece W may be at least a part of the wing portion (so-called wing) of a flying object such as an airplane.

[0023] The workpiece W may include a casing. That is, the riblet structure RB may be formed on at least a portion of the casing. For example, if the casing is used in a turbine T, the riblet structure RB may be formed on at least a portion of the inner wall surface of the casing that functions as a wall member facing at least one of an accommodation space that accommodates turbine blades BL (i.e., rotor blades) and a passage through which a fluid flows. For example, if the casing is used in a pump, the riblet structure RB may be formed on at least a portion of the inner wall surface of the casing that functions as a wall member facing at least one of an accommodation space that accommodates an impeller and a passage through which a fluid flows. For example, if the casing is used to accommodate a fan, a propeller, or a pump, the riblet structure RB may be formed on at least a portion of the inner wall surface of the casing that functions as a wall member facing at least one of an accommodation space that accommodates the fan, propeller, or pump and a passage through which a fluid (e.g., a refrigerant) flows.

[0024] The workpiece W may be a blade of a wind turbine used in wind power generation. That is, the riblet structure RB may be formed on the blade of the wind turbine. In particular, the riblet structure RB may be formed on the blade of a wind turbine for obtaining clean energy (or natural energy or renewable energy) with a low environmental impact. In this case, it is possible to improve energy efficiency.

[0025] Alternatively, in addition to or instead of the subtractive processing, the processing apparatus 1 may perform additional processing, which adds a new structure to the workpiece W by irradiating the workpiece W with processing light EL. In this case, the processing apparatus 1 may form the above-mentioned riblet structure RB on the surface of the workpiece W by performing the additional processing. Alternatively, in addition to or instead of at least one of the subtractive processing and the additional processing, the processing apparatus 1 may perform machining, which processes the workpiece W by bringing a tool into contact with the workpiece W. In this case, the processing apparatus 1 may form the above-mentioned riblet structure RB on the surface of the workpiece W by performing the machining.

[0026] The processing light EL is supplied from a processing light source 2 that generates the processing light EL to the processing device 1 via a light propagation member (e.g., at least one of an optical fiber and a mirror) not shown. The processing device 1 irradiates the processing light EL supplied from the processing light source 2 onto the workpiece W.

[0027] In order to process the workpiece W, the processing device 1 includes a processing head 11, a head drive system 12, a stage 13, and a stage drive system 14.

[0028] The machining head 1 irradiates the workpiece W with the processing light EL from the processing light source 2. The machining head 11 is equipped with a processing optical system 111 in order to irradiate the workpiece W with the processing light EL. The machining head 11 irradiates the workpiece W with the processing light EL via the processing optical system 111. The processing optical system 111 may, for example, focus the processing light EL on the surface of the workpiece W. The processing optical system 111 may, for example, control the optical characteristics of the processing light EL. Examples of the optical characteristics of the processing light EL include at least one of the intensity of the processing light EL, changes in the intensity of the processing light EL over time, the focusing position of the processing light EL, the angle of incidence of the processing light EL with respect to the workpiece W, the shape of the processing light EL in an optical plane intersecting the optical axis of the processing optical system 111, the intensity distribution of the processing light EL in that optical plane, and the pulse number of the processing light (when the processing light is pulsed light).

[0029] Under the control of the control device 3, the head drive system 12 moves the processing head 11 along at least one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. Note that the head drive system 12 may move the processing head 11 along at least one of the θX-axis, θY-axis, and θZ-axis directions in addition to or instead of at least one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. When the processing head 11 moves, the positional relationship between the stage 13 (and further, the workpiece W placed on the stage 13) and the processing head 11 changes. Furthermore, when the positional relationship between the stage 13, the workpiece W, and the processing head 11 changes, the irradiation position of the processing light EL on the workpiece W changes.

[0030] A workpiece W is placed on the stage 13. The stage 13 does not have to hold the workpiece W placed on it. In other words, the stage 13 does not have to apply a holding force to the workpiece W placed on it to hold the workpiece W. Alternatively, the stage 13 may hold the workpiece W placed on it. In other words, the stage 13 may apply a holding force to the workpiece W placed on it to hold the workpiece W. For example, the stage 13 may hold the workpiece W by vacuum suction and / or electrostatic suction. Alternatively, a jig for holding the workpiece W may hold the workpiece W, and the stage 13 may hold the jig that holds the workpiece W.

[0031] The stage drive system 14 moves the stage 13 under the control of the control device 3. Specifically, the stage drive system 14 moves the stage 13 relative to the machining head 11. For example, under the control of the control device 3, the stage drive system 14 may move the stage 13 along at least one of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, the θX direction, the θY direction, and the θZ direction. Note that moving the stage 13 along at least one of the θX direction, the θY direction, and the θZ direction may be considered equivalent to changing the orientation of the stage 13 (and further the workpiece W placed on the stage 13) around at least one of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis. Alternatively, moving the stage 13 along at least one of the θX direction, the θY direction, and the θZ direction may be considered equivalent to rotating (or rotationally moving) the stage 13 around at least one of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.

[0032] When the stage 13 moves, the positional relationship between the stage 13 (and further the workpiece W placed on the stage 13) and the processing head 11 changes. Furthermore, when the positional relationship between the stage 13, the workpiece W, and the processing head 11 changes, the irradiation position of the processing light EL on the workpiece W changes.

[0033] The control device 3 controls the operation of the machining system SYS. For example, the control device 3 may generate machining control information for machining the workpiece W, and control the machining device 1 based on the machining control information so that the workpiece W is machined in accordance with the generated machining control information. In other words, the control device 3 may control the machining of the workpiece W.

[0034] The control device 3 may include, for example, an arithmetic device and a storage device. The arithmetic device may include, for example, at least one of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). The control device 3 functions as a device that controls the operation of the machining system SYS by the arithmetic device executing a computer program. This computer program is a computer program for causing the control device 3 (e.g., the arithmetic device) to perform (i.e., execute) the operations to be performed by the control device 3, which will be described later. In other words, this computer program is a computer program for causing the control device 3 to function so as to cause the machining system SYS to perform the operations to be performed later. The computer program executed by the arithmetic device may be recorded in a storage device (i.e., a recording medium) included in the control device 3, or may be recorded in any storage medium (e.g., a hard disk or semiconductor memory) built into or externally attachable to the control device 3. Alternatively, the arithmetic device may download the computer program to be executed from a device external to the control device 3 via a network interface.

[0035] The control device 3 does not have to be provided inside the processing system SYS. For example, the control device 3 may be provided outside the processing system SYS as a server or the like. In this case, the control device 3 and the processing system SYS may be connected via a wired and / or wireless network (or a data bus and / or a communication line). The wired network may be a network using a serial bus interface, such as at least one of IEEE1394, RS-232x, RS-422, RS-423, RS-485, and USB. The wired network may be a network using a parallel bus interface. The wired network may be a network using an interface compliant with Ethernet (registered trademark), such as at least one of 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T. The wireless network may be a network using radio waves. An example of a radio wave network is a network compliant with IEEE802.1x (for example, at least one of wireless LAN and Bluetooth (registered trademark)). The wireless network may be an infrared network. A network using optical communication may be used as the wireless network. In this case, the control device 3 and the processing system SYS may be configured to be able to send and receive various information via the network. The control device 3 may also be able to send information such as commands and control parameters to the processing system SYS via the network. The processing system SYS may include a receiving device that receives information such as commands and control parameters from the control device 3 via the network. Alternatively, a first control device that performs part of the processing performed by the control device 3 may be provided inside the processing system SYS, while a second control device that performs another part of the processing performed by the control device 3 may be provided outside the processing system SYS.

[0036] A computational model that can be constructed by machine learning may be implemented in the control device 3 by the computation device executing a computer program. An example of a computational model that can be constructed by machine learning is a computational model including a neural network (so-called artificial intelligence (AI)). In this case, learning of the computational model may include learning of parameters of the neural network (e.g., at least one of weights and biases). The control device 3 may control the operation of the machining system SYS using the computational model. That is, the operation of controlling the operation of the machining system SYS may include the operation of controlling the operation of the machining system SYS using the computational model. Note that the control device 3 may be implemented with a computational model that has been constructed by offline machine learning using training data. Furthermore, the computational model implemented in the control device 3 may be updated by online machine learning on the control device 3. Alternatively, the control device 3 may control the operation of the machining system SYS using a computational model implemented in a device external to the control device 3 (i.e., a device provided outside the machining system SYS) in addition to or instead of the computational model implemented in the control device 3.

[0037] The recording medium for recording the computer program executed by the arithmetic unit may be at least one of a CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, flexible disk, optical disk such as MO, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and Blu-ray®, magnetic medium such as magnetic tape, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory such as USB memory, and any other medium capable of storing a program. The recording medium may also include a device capable of recording the computer program (e.g., a general-purpose device or a dedicated device in which the computer program is implemented in an executable state in at least one of software and firmware). Furthermore, each process or function included in the computer program may be realized by a logical processing block realized within the control device 3 (i.e., a computer) when the control device 3 (i.e., a computer) executes the computer program, or by hardware such as a predetermined gate array (FPGA, ASIC) included in the control device 3, or may be realized in a form in which the logical processing block and a partial hardware module that realizes some of the hardware elements are mixed.

[0038] (2) Riblet structure RB formed by the processing system SYS Next, with reference to Figures 6(a) to 6(c), the riblet structure RB formed in the workpiece W by the machining system SYS will be described. Figure 6(a) is a perspective view showing the riblet structure RB, Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the riblet structure RB (cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI' in Figure 6(a)), and Figure 6(c) is a top view showing the riblet structure RB. Note that the following describes the riblet structure RB formed in a turbine blade BL, which is one specific example of the workpiece W. However, the riblet structure RB formed in a workpiece W other than the turbine blade BL may also have the structure described below.

[0039] As shown in Figures 6(a) to 6(c), the riblet structure RB may include a structure in which a plurality of convex structures 81 extending in a first direction along the surface of the turbine blade BL are arranged in a second direction that is along the surface of the turbine blade BL and intersects the first direction. In other words, the riblet structure RB may include a structure in which convex structures 81 formed to extend in the first direction are lined up in the second direction. In the example shown in Figures 6(a) to 6(c), the riblet structure RB includes a structure in which a plurality of convex structures 81 extending in the X-axis direction are arranged in the Y-axis direction.

[0040] The convex structures 81 are structures that protrude along a direction intersecting both the extending direction of the convex structures 81 and the arranging direction of the convex structures 81. The extending direction of the convex structures 81 may typically mean the longitudinal direction of the convex structures 81. The convex structures 81 are structures that protrude from the surface of the turbine blade BL. In the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the convex structures 81 are structures that protrude along the Z-axis direction. The convex structures 81 may include a protruding structure that protrudes from the surface of the turbine blade BL. The convex structures 81 may include a convex structure that protrudes from the surface of the turbine blade BL. The convex structures 81 may include a mountain-shaped structure that protrudes from the surface of the turbine blade BL.

[0041] Between adjacent convex structures 81, groove structures 82 that are recessed compared to the surrounding area are formed. For this reason, the riblet structure RB may include a structure in which a plurality of groove structures 82 extending in a first direction along the surface of the turbine blade BL are arranged along a second direction that is along the surface of the turbine blade BL and intersects the first direction. In other words, the riblet structure RB may include a structure in which groove structures 82 formed to extend in the first direction are lined up along the second direction. In the example shown in Figures 6(a) to 6(c), the riblet structure RB includes a structure in which a plurality of groove structures 82 extending along the X-axis direction are arranged along the Y-axis direction. The groove structure 82 may also be referred to as a groove-shaped structure.

[0042] The convex structure 81 may be considered to be a structure protruding from the groove structure 82. The convex structure 81 may be considered to be a structure that forms at least one of a protrusion-shaped structure, a convex-shaped structure, and a mountain-shaped structure between two adjacent groove structures 82. The groove structure 82 may be considered to be a structure that is recessed from the convex structure 81. The groove structure 82 may be considered to be a structure that forms a groove-shaped structure between two adjacent convex structures 81. The groove structure 82 may be referred to as a groove-shaped structure.

[0043] The plurality of convex structures 81 may be formed so that the plurality of convex structures 81 are arranged regularly. For example, the plurality of convex structures 81 may be formed so that the plurality of convex structures 81 are arranged at an equal pitch. For example, the plurality of convex structures 81 may be formed so that a plurality of structure groups, each including at least two convex structures 81, are arranged at an equal pitch. The plurality of convex structures 81 may be formed so that at least two convex structures 81 are arranged regularly according to a first rule in a first portion of the surface of the turbine blade BL, and at least two convex structures 81 are arranged regularly according to the same first rule in a second portion of the surface of the turbine blade BL. The plurality of convex structures 81 may be formed so that at least two convex structures 81 are arranged regularly according to the first rule in the first portion of the surface of the turbine blade BL, while at least two convex structures 81 are arranged regularly according to a second rule that is different from the first rule in the second portion of the surface of the turbine blade BL. Furthermore, since the convex structures 81 and the groove structures 82 are formed alternately, a state in which multiple convex structures 81 are arranged regularly may be considered equivalent to a state in which multiple groove structures 82 are arranged regularly.

[0044] The direction in which the convex structures 81 extend may be along the streamlines on the surface of the turbine blade BL. In other words, the convex structures 81 may extend along the streamlines on the surface of the turbine blade BL. The streamlines of the turbine blade BL may refer to curves whose tangents are the velocity vectors of the flow field on the surface of the turbine blade BL. In this case, the convex structures 81 may be formed on the surface of the turbine blade BL, extending in a curved manner along the streamlines. Alternatively, the surface of the turbine blade BL may be divided into multiple surface regions, and in each surface region, the convex structures 81 may be formed linearly along the direction of a straight line obtained by averaging the streamlines of each surface region, and the linearly extending convex structures 81 within each surface region may be at least partially connected between the multiple surface regions. The processing system SYS may form the riblet structure RB by forming the convex structures 81 extending in a curved manner, or may form the riblet structure RB by forming the convex structures 81 extending linearly. The same applies to the groove structure 82 formed between two convex structures 81.

[0045] The convex structure 81 has, for example, a pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 facing opposite to each other. Note that in this embodiment, "a state in which one surface and the other surface face opposite to each other" may mean, for example, a state in which one surface faces one side of an axis intersecting the one surface and the other surface, while the other surface faces the other side along the same axis (i.e., the opposite side from the one side). In the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the convex structure 81 has a side surface 811 facing the -Y side and a side surface 812 facing the +Y side. Each of the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 is a flat surface. However, at least one of the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 may include a curved surface.

[0046] The pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 may be non-parallel to each other. In this case, the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81 may be connected via one end thereof (the upper end portions on the +Z side in the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c)). The portion where the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81 are connected constitutes a corner portion 813 of the convex structure 81. The corner portion 813 of the convex structure 81 may constitute the vertex of the convex structure 81. The corner portion 813 of the convex structure 81 may constitute the boundary portion between the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81. In this case, the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 may be considered to be connected via the corner portion 813 of the convex structure 81. In the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 are connected such that the upper end portion of the side surface 811 and the upper end portion of the side surface 812 are in contact with each other. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the convex structure 81 including the Z axis may be a triangle. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the convex structure 81 including the Z axis may be a symmetrical triangle, or an asymmetrical triangle. However, the cross-sectional shape of the convex structure 81 including the Z axis may have any shape other than a triangle. Note that, as will be described in detail later, the corners 813 may include curved surfaces.

[0047] Note that the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 being non-parallel to each other may include a virtual surface (typically a plane) including the side surface 811 intersecting with a virtual surface (typically a plane) including the side surface 812. In this case, the virtual surface including the side surface 811 and the virtual surface including the side surface 812 may be an approximate plane of the side surface 811 and an approximate plane of the side surface 812, respectively.

[0048] When the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 are not parallel to each other, the side surface 811 may be considered to be inclined with respect to the side surface 812, and the side surface 812 may be considered to be inclined with respect to the side surface 811. Typically, when the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 are not parallel to each other, each of the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 may be inclined with respect to the direction in which the convex structure 81 protrudes (the Z-axis direction in the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c)). In this case, each of the side surfaces 811 and 812 may be referred to as an inclined portion. However, the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 may be parallel to each other.

[0049] The side surface 811 of one convex structure 81 and the side surface 812 of another convex structure 81 adjacent to the one convex structure 81 along the arrangement direction of the convex structures 81 may be connected via a boundary 814 connecting their other ends (lower ends on the -Z side in the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c)). In other words, the side surfaces 811 and 812 that are provided on two adjacent convex structures 81 and face each other may be connected via the boundary 814 that forms the boundary between the two adjacent convex structures 81. In the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the boundary 814 includes a surface that intersects with each of the side surfaces 811 and 812 that are connected by the boundary 814. In this case, the boundary 814 and the side surfaces 811 and 812 that are connected by the boundary 814 may be considered to form a groove structure 82.

[0050] The boundary portion 814 may be a flat surface. In this case, the cross section of the groove structure 82 including the Z axis has a trapezoidal shape. However, the cross section of the groove structure 82 including the Z axis may have any shape other than a trapezoidal shape. As will be described in detail later, the boundary portion 814 may include a curved surface.

[0051] However, the side surface 811 of one convex structure 81 and the side surface 812 of another convex structure 81 may be connected without passing through a boundary portion 814 including a surface. For example, the side surface 811 of one convex structure 81 and the side surface 812 of another convex structure 81 may be connected such that their other ends (in the examples shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the lower ends on the -Z side) are in contact. In this case, the portion where the other end of the side surface 811 of one convex structure 81 and the other end of the side surface 812 of another convex structure 81 are connected may be referred to as the boundary portion 814.

[0052] At least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81 may be set to a height determined according to the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81. For example, at least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81 may be not more than the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81. For example, at least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81 may be not more than half of the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81. As an example, the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81 may be greater than 5 micrometers and less than 200 micrometers. That is, the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81 may satisfy the first pitch condition of "5 micrometers < P_rb < 200 micrometers". In this case, at least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81 may be greater than 5 micrometers and less than 100 micrometers. At least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81 may satisfy the first height condition of "2.5 micrometers < H_rb < 100 micrometers". That is, the riblet structure RB may satisfy at least one of the first pitch condition and the first height condition. However, due to the constraints on the processing accuracy of the riblet structure RB, 2.0 micrometers may be used instead of 2.5 micrometers as the lower limit value of at least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81 (for example, the lower limit value of the height H_rb in a situation where the pitch P_rb is the lower limit value of 5 micrometers).

[0053] As an example of a riblet structure RB that satisfies both the first pitch condition and the first height condition, the height H_rb is 2.5 micrometers, the pitch P_rb is 5 micrometers, and A riblet structure RB that satisfies this first pitch condition can more appropriately reduce the resistance to fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL than a riblet structure RB that does not satisfy the first pitch condition. However, even a riblet structure RB that does not satisfy the first pitch condition can reduce the resistance to fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL compared to a case where the riblet structure RB is not formed in the first place. Similarly, a riblet structure RB that satisfies this first height condition can more appropriately reduce the resistance to fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL compared to a riblet structure RB that does not satisfy the first height condition. However, even a riblet structure RB that does not satisfy the first height condition can reduce the resistance to fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL compared to a case where the riblet structure RB is not formed in the first place.

[0054] The height H_rb of the convex structures 81 in this embodiment may refer to the size of the convex structures 81 in the direction in which the convex structures 81 protrude (the Z-axis direction in the examples shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c)). The height H_rb of the convex structures 81 may refer to the distance from the lower end of the convex structures 81 to the upper end of the convex structures 81 in the direction in which the convex structures 81 protrude. The height H_rb of the convex structures 81 may refer to the distance from a boundary 814 connecting to the lower end of the convex structures 81 to a corner 813 corresponding to the vertex of the convex structures 81 in the direction in which the convex structures 81 protrude. The height of the convex structures 81 may be considered to be substantially equivalent to the depth of the groove structure 82. The pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81 in this embodiment may refer to the distance between corresponding identical portions (for example, vertices) of two adjacent convex structures 81 in a direction intersecting the extension direction of the convex structures 81. In the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the pitch p_rb of the convex structures 81 may mean the distance between the vertices of two adjacent convex structures 81 in the Y-axis direction. Note that, because the convex structures 81 and the groove structures 82 are alternately formed in a direction intersecting the direction in which the convex structures 81 extend, the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81 may be considered equivalent to the pitch of the groove structures 82. The pitch of the groove structures 82 may mean the distance between the corresponding identical portions of two adjacent groove structures 82 in a direction intersecting the direction in which the groove structures 82 extend. In the example shown in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), the pitch of the groove structures 82 may mean the distance between the corresponding identical portions of two adjacent groove structures 82 in the Y-axis direction.

[0055] As described above, the machining system SYS of this embodiment forms the riblet structure RB by performing a removal process. Therefore, the machining system SYS forms the riblet structure RB by performing a removal process on the surface portion of the turbine blade BL where the riblet structure RB is to be formed (hereinafter referred to as the "riblet structure surface BLs"). Specifically, the machining system SYS may form the riblet structure RB by performing a removal process to remove a portion of the turbine blade BL where the groove structure 82 is to be formed. In other words, the machining system SYS may form the riblet structure RB by performing a removal process to remove a portion of the turbine blade BL so as to leave a portion of the turbine blade BL where the convex structure 81 is to be formed. For example, the machining system SYS may irradiate the turbine blade BL with the processing light EL so that the portion of the riblet structure surface BLs of the turbine blade BL where the groove structure 82 is to be formed is irradiated with the processing light EL. Specifically, the processing system SYS may form the riblet structure RB by repeating a scanning operation in which the processing light EL is irradiated onto the riblet structure surface BLs of the turbine blade BL while moving the target irradiation area EA (see FIG. 1) onto which the processing light EL is irradiated along the X-axis direction along which the groove structures 82 extend, and a stepping operation in which the target irradiation area EA of the processing light EL is moved along the Y-axis along which the groove structures 82 are aligned without irradiating the processing light EL onto the riblet structure surface BLs of the turbine blade BL. In this case, it can be said that the processing system SYS forms the riblet structure RB by forming the groove structures 82 (i.e., forms the convex structure 81).

[0056] As a result, the riblet structure surface BLs on which the riblet structure RB is formed may function as a surface that can reduce the resistance of the turbine blade BL to the fluid.

[0057] (3) Other methods for forming riblet structure RB In the above description, the processing system SYS forms the riblet structure RB on the turbine blade BL. That is, the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed is manufactured by the processing system SYS. In other words, the processing system SYS processes the turbine blade BL to manufacture the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed. However, the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be manufactured by a method different from the method by which the processing system SYS processes the turbine blade BL. That is, the riblet structure RB may be formed by a method different from the method by which the processing system SYS processes the turbine blade BL.

[0058] As an example, the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be manufactured using a mold (e.g., at least one of a metal mold and a casting mold) ML. That is, the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be manufactured using a molding method in which a molten material is poured into the mold ML and then cooled and solidified. In this case, the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be considered to be a molded product molded using the mold ML. The turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be considered to be an injection-molded product injection-molded using the mold ML. The mold ML may function as a mold for molding (e.g., injection molding) the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed from a meltable material.

[0059] The mold ML may be made of any material as long as a turbine blade BL can be manufactured using the mold ML. For example, at least one of a mold made of zirconia (zirconia ceramics), a mold made of pre-hardened steel, a mold made of ad-rolled steel, and a mold made of stainless steel may be used as the mold ML. A mold made of any metal may be used as the mold ML. A mold made of any material other than metal may be used as the mold ML.

[0060] Below, a specific example of a mold ML used to manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB formed thereon will be described. In the following explanation, for convenience of explanation, as shown in FIG. 7, a mold ML for manufacturing a turbine blade BL having a riblet structured surface BLs that constitutes the pressure surface 921 (see FIG. 4) and a riblet structured surface BLs that constitutes the suction surface 922 (see FIG. 4) will be described. Note that FIG. 7 corresponds to the IV-IV' cross-sectional view of FIG. 4. In the following explanation, the riblet structured surface BLs that constitutes the pressure surface 921 will be referred to as the riblet structured surface BLs1, and the riblet structured surface BLs that constitutes the suction surface 922 will be referred to as the riblet structured surface BLs2. However, a turbine blade BL (or any of the above-mentioned workpieces W) different from the turbine blade BL having the riblet structured surfaces BLs1 and BLs2 may be manufactured using a mold ML having similar characteristics to the mold ML described below.

[0061] (3-1) First specific example of a mold ML used to manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB formed thereon First, a first specific example of a mold ML used to manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB formed thereon will be described with reference to Fig. 8. In the following description, the first specific example of the mold ML will be referred to as "mold ML1." Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the mold ML1.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 8, mold ML1 includes mold ML11, which may be referred to as a core or male mold, and mold ML12, which may be referred to as a cavity or female mold. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 8, mold ML1 is a two-plate type mold. However, mold ML1 may also be a three-plate type or a multi-plate type mold including four or more molds. Mold ML1 may also be a combination mold (i.e., a mold divided into multiple mold parts, and a mold in which multiple mold parts are combined). Alternatively, mold ML1 may be a roller-type mold described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016 / 325818. Alternatively, mold ML1 may be a stamp-type mold.

[0063] Each of the dies ML11 and ML12 has a molding surface MLs. In the following description, the molding surface MLs of the die ML11 will be referred to as the molding surface MLs11, and the molding surface MLs of the die ML12 will be referred to as the molding surface MLs12, as necessary. However, when there is no need to distinguish between the molding surface MLs11 and the molding surface MLs12, both will be collectively referred to as the molding surface MLs.

[0064] The forming surface MLs is the surface that comes into contact with the material poured into the mold ML1 to manufacture the turbine blade BL. Therefore, the space surrounded by the forming surface MLs is a forming space SP to which the material poured into the mold ML1 to manufacture the turbine blade BL is supplied. The material poured into the mold ML1 is typically a fluid material. As an example, the material poured into the mold ML1 may be a molten material (e.g., molten metal) or a softened material. The forming space SP has a shape corresponding to the shape of the turbine blade BL. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the mold ML1 may be considered to be a mold-type mold.

[0065] Specifically, after the molds ML11 and ML12 are combined to form the molding space SP (i.e., after the molds ML11 and ML12 are brought into close contact with each other), molten material is supplied to the molding space SP through a material supply path MS (e.g., at least one of a sprue, a gate, and a runner) that penetrates the mold ML and connects to the molding space SP. The molten material is then cooled. As a result, the molten material solidifies. This reduces the fluidity of the material. The molds ML11 and ML12 are then separated, and the solidified material is removed from the molding space SP as a turbine blade BL.

[0066] The molding surface MLs may have a molding structure MB formed thereon for forming (i.e., molding) the riblet structure RB. Specifically, the molding structure MB may be formed on a surface portion of the molding surface MLs that corresponds to the riblet structure surface BLs. In other words, the molding structure MB may be formed on a surface portion of the molding surface MLs that is used to mold the riblet structure surface BLs. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the molding surface MLs11 corresponds to the riblet structure surface BLs1 that constitutes the positive pressure surface 921, and the molding surface MLs12 corresponds to the riblet structure surface BLs2 that constitutes the negative pressure surface 922. The molding structure MB will be further described below with reference to FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b). FIG. 9(a) is a perspective view showing the molding structure MB, and FIG. 9(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the molding structure MB.

[0067] As shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the forming structure MB is a structure complementary to the riblet structure RB. Specifically, the forming structure MB may include a structure in which a plurality of convex structures 71 extending in a fourth direction along the forming surface MLs are arranged along a fifth direction that is along the forming surface MLs and intersects the fourth direction. In other words, the forming structure MB may include a structure in which the convex structures 71 formed to extend in the fourth direction are lined up along the fifth direction (i.e., lined up along the forming surface MLs). In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the forming structure MB includes a structure in which a plurality of convex structures 71 extending in the X-axis direction are lined up along the Y-axis direction.

[0068] The convex structures 71 are structures that protrude in a direction intersecting both the direction in which the convex structures 71 extend and the direction in which the convex structures 71 are arranged. The convex structures 71 are structures that protrude from the surface of the mold ML11 or ML12. In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the convex structures 71 are structures that protrude in the Z-axis direction. The convex structures 71 may include a protruding structure that protrudes from the surface of the mold ML11 or ML12. The convex structures 71 may include a convex structure that protrudes from the surface of the mold ML11 or ML12. The convex structures 71 may include a mountain-shaped structure that protrudes from the surface of the mold ML11 or ML12.

[0069] Between adjacent convex structures 71, groove structures 72 that are recessed compared to the surrounding area are formed. Therefore, the molding structure MB may include a structure in which a plurality of groove structures 72 extending in a fourth direction along the molding surface MLs are arranged along a fifth direction that is along the molding surface MLs and intersects with the fourth direction. In other words, the molding structure MB may include a structure in which groove structures 72 formed to extend in the fourth direction are lined up along the fifth direction. In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the molding structure MB includes a structure in which a plurality of groove structures 72 extending in the X-axis direction are arranged along the Y-axis direction.

[0070] The convex structure 71 may be considered to be a structure protruding from the groove structure 72. The convex structure 71 may be considered to be a structure that forms at least one of a protrusion-shaped structure, a convex-shaped structure, and a mountain-shaped structure between two adjacent groove structures 72. The groove structure 72 may be considered to be a structure that is recessed from the convex structure 71. The groove structure 72 may be considered to be a structure that forms a groove-shaped structure between two adjacent convex structures 71. The groove structure 72 may be referred to as a groove-shaped structure.

[0071] The plurality of convex structures 71 may be formed so that the plurality of convex structures 71 are arranged regularly. The plurality of convex structures 71 may be formed so that the plurality of convex structures 71 are arranged at an equal pitch. For example, the plurality of convex structures 71 may be formed so that a plurality of structures, each including at least two convex structures 71, are arranged at an equal pitch. The plurality of convex structures 71 may be formed so that at least two convex structures 71 are arranged regularly according to a third rule in a first portion of the molding surface MLs, and at least two convex structures 71 are arranged regularly according to the same third rule in a second portion of the molding surface MLs. The plurality of convex structures 71 may be formed so that at least two convex structures 71 are arranged regularly according to the third rule in the first portion of the molding surface MLs, while at least two convex structures 71 are arranged regularly according to a fourth rule that is different from the third rule in the second portion of the molding surface MLs. Furthermore, since the convex structures 71 and the groove structures 72 are formed alternately, a state in which multiple convex structures 71 are arranged regularly may be considered equivalent to a state in which multiple groove structures 72 are arranged regularly.

[0072] The material that has entered the groove structure 72 forms the convex structures 81 that constitute the riblet structure RB. In other words, the material that has entered the multiple groove structures 72 forms the multiple convex structures 81 that constitute the riblet structure RB. Therefore, the groove structure 72 that constitutes the forming structure MB is a structure for forming the convex structures 81 that constitute the riblet structure RB. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, which is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the riblet structure RB and the forming structure MB, the shape (e.g., cross-sectional shape) of the groove structure 72 is complementary to the shape (e.g., cross-sectional shape) of the convex structures 81. On the other hand, the convex structures 71 that constitute the forming structure MB are structures for forming the groove structures 82 that constitute the riblet structure RB. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, the shape (e.g., cross-sectional shape) of the convex structures 71 is complementary to the shape (e.g., cross-sectional shape) of the groove structures 82. In this way, the riblet structure surface BLs of the turbine blade BL is formed by the forming structure MB. That is, the riblet structure surface BLs of the turbine blade BL is formed by the convex structures 71 and groove structures 72 that constitute the formed structure MB. Hereinafter, with reference again to Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the convex structures 71 that are complementary to the groove structures 82 and the groove structures 72 that are complementary to the convex structures 81 will be further described.

[0073] The convex structure 71 has, for example, a pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 facing opposite each other. In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the convex structure 71 has a side surface 711 facing the -Y side and a side surface 712 facing the +Y side. Each of the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 is a flat surface. However, at least one of the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 may include a curved surface.

[0074] The pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 may be non-parallel to each other. In this case, the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71 may be connected via one end thereof (in the example shown in Figures 9(a) to 9(b) , the upper end portions on the +Z side). The portion where the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71 are connected forms a corner portion 713 of the convex structure 71. The corner portion 713 of the convex structure 71 may form the boundary portion between the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71. In this case, the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 may be considered to be connected via the corner portion 713 of the convex structure 71. The corner portion 713 is a structure for forming the boundary portion 814 of the riblet structure RB (i.e., the boundary portion 814, which is a plane connecting two adjacent convex structures 81). For this reason, in the example shown in Figures 9(a) to 9(b) , the corner portion 713 includes a plane. In this case, the cross section of the convex structure 71 including the Z axis may have a trapezoidal shape. However, the cross section of the convex structure 71 including the Z axis may have any shape different from a trapezoidal shape. As will be described in detail later, the corners 713 may include curved surfaces.

[0075] Note that the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 being non-parallel to each other may include a virtual surface (typically a plane) including the side surface 711 intersecting with a virtual surface (typically a plane) including the side surface 712. In this case, the virtual surface including the side surface 711 and the virtual surface including the side surface 712 may be an approximate plane of the side surface 711 and an approximate plane of the side surface 712, respectively.

[0076] When the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 are not parallel to each other, it may be considered that the side surface 711 is inclined with respect to the side surface 712, and that the side surface 712 is inclined with respect to the side surface 711. Typically, when the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 are not parallel to each other, each of the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 may be inclined with respect to the direction in which the convex structure 71 protrudes (the Z-axis direction in the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b)). In this case, each of the side surfaces 711 and 712 may be referred to as an inclined portion. However, the pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 may be parallel to each other.

[0077] The side surface 711 of one convex structure 71 and the side surface 712 of another convex structure 71 adjacent to the one convex structure 71 along the arrangement direction of the convex structures 71 may be connected via their other end portions (the lower end portions on the -Z side in the example shown in Figures 9(a) to 9(c)). In other words, the side surfaces 711 and 712 that are respectively provided on two adjacent convex structures 71 and that face each other may be connected via a boundary portion 714 that forms the boundary between the two adjacent convex structures 71. The boundary portion 714 is a structure for forming the corner portion 813 of the riblet structure RB (i.e., the vertex of the convex structure 81). For this reason, in the example shown in Figures 9(a) to 9(b), the side surfaces 711 and 712 provided on each of the two adjacent convex structures 71 are directly connected, and the portion where the side surfaces 711 and 712 provided on each of the two adjacent convex structures 71 are directly connected is the boundary portion 714. In this case, the cross section of the groove structure 72 including the Z axis has a triangular shape. However, the cross section of the groove structure 72 including the Z axis may have any shape other than a triangular shape.

[0078] However, the side surface 711 of one convex structure 71 and the side surface 712 of another convex structure 71 may be connected via a boundary portion 714 including a surface. For example, the boundary portion 714 may include a flat surface. In this case, the cross section of the groove structure 72 including the Z axis may have a trapezoidal shape. Alternatively, as will be described in detail later, the boundary portion 714 may include a curved surface. When the side surfaces 711 and 712 of two adjacent convex structures 71 are connected via a boundary portion 714 including a surface, a convex structure 81 may be formed that includes a pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 that are connected by a corner portion 813 including a surface, by the boundary portion 714 including such a surface.

[0079] Since the convex structure 71 is a structure for forming the groove structure 82 described above, at least one height H_mb of the plurality of convex structures 71 may be the same as at least one depth of the plurality of groove structures 82 (that is, at least one height H_rb of the plurality of convex structures 81). Also, the pitch P_mb of the convex structure 71 may be the same as the pitch of the groove structure 82 (that is, the pitch P_rb of the convex structure 71). For this reason, in the molded structure MB as well as in the riblet structure RB, at least one height H_mb of the plurality of convex structures 71 may be set to a height determined according to the pitch P_mb of the convex structure 71. For example, at least one height H_mb of the plurality of convex structures 71 may be less than or equal to the pitch P_mb of the convex structure 71. For example, at least one height H_mb of the plurality of convex structures 71 may be less than or equal to half of the pitch P_nb of the convex structure 71. As an example, the pitch P_mb of the convex structure 71 may be greater than 5 micrometers and less than 200 micrometers. That is, the pitch P_mb of the convex structure 71 may satisfy the second pitch condition of "5 micrometers < P_mb < 200 micrometers". In this case, at least one height H_mb of the plurality of convex structures 71 may be greater than 2.5 micrometers and less than 100 micrometers. At least one height H_mb of the plurality of convex structures 71 may satisfy the second height condition of "2.5 micrometers < H_mb < 100 micrometers". That is, the molded structure MB may satisfy at least one of the second pitch condition and the second height condition.

[0080] Here, when the pitch \(P_{mb}\) of the convex structure 71 satisfies the second pitch condition of "10 micrometers < \(P_{mb}\) < 200 micrometers", the pitch of the groove structure 82 formed by the molding structure MB is in the range from 10 micrometers to 200 micrometers. Here, in the riblet structure RB, the pitch \(P_{rb}\) of the convex structure 81 and the pitch of the groove structure 82 are substantially equal. Therefore, when the convex structure 71 satisfies the second pitch condition, the pitch \(P_{rb}\) of the convex structure 81 of the riblet structure RB is in the range from 10 micrometers to 200 micrometers. That is, the pitch \(P_{rb}\) of the convex structure 81 satisfies the above-described first pitch condition of "5 micrometers < \(P_{rb}\) < 200 micrometers". As a result, as described above, the riblet structure RB can more appropriately reduce the resistance to the fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL.

[0081] Further, when at least one height \(H_{mb}\) of the plurality of convex structures 71 satisfies the second height condition of "5 micrometers < \(H_{mb}\) < 100 micrometers", the depth of the groove structure 82 formed by the molding structure MB is in the range from 5 micrometers to 100 micrometers. Here, in the riblet structure RB, since the depth of the groove structure 82 and the height \(H_{rb}\) of the convex structure 81 are substantially equal, when the convex structure 71 satisfies the second height condition, the height \(H_{rb}\) of the convex structure 81 of the riblet structure RB is in the range from 5 micrometers to 100 micrometers. That is, the height \(H_{rb}\) of the convex structure 81 satisfies the above-described first height condition of "5 micrometers < \(H_{rb}\) < 100 micrometers". As a result, as described above, the riblet structure RB can more appropriately reduce the resistance to the fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL.

[0082] The height H_mb of the convex structures 71 in this embodiment may mean the size of the convex structures 71 in the direction in which the convex structures 71 protrude (the Z-axis direction in the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b)). The height H_mb of the convex structures 71 may mean the distance from the lower end of the convex structures 71 to the upper end of the convex structures 71 in the direction in which the convex structures 71 protrude. The height H_mb of the convex structures 71 may mean the distance from a boundary 714 connecting to the lower end of the convex structures 71 to a corner 713 constituting the upper end of the convex structures 71 in the direction in which the convex structures 71 protrude. The height of the convex structures 71 may be considered to be substantially equivalent to the depth of the groove structure 72. The pitch P_mb of the convex structures 71 in this embodiment may mean the distance between corresponding identical portions of two adjacent convex structures 71 in a direction intersecting the extension direction of the convex structures 71. In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the pitch p_mb of the convex structures 71 may mean the distance between the vertices of two adjacent convex structures 71 in the Y-axis direction. Note that, because the convex structures 71 and the groove structures 72 are alternately formed in a direction intersecting the direction in which the convex structures 71 extend, the pitch P_mb of the convex structures 71 may be considered equivalent to the pitch of the groove structures 72. The pitch of the groove structures 72 may mean the distance between the corresponding identical portions of two adjacent groove structures 72 in a direction intersecting the direction in which the groove structures 72 extend. In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the pitch of the groove structures 72 may mean the distance between the corresponding identical portions of two adjacent groove structures 72 in the Y-axis direction.

[0083] The molded structure MB formed on the molding surface MLs may be formed by the processing system SYS. That is, the processing system SYS may form the molded structure MB on the molding surface MLs by irradiating the molding surface MLs with processing light EL. The processing system SYS may form the molded structure MB on the molding surface MLs by performing removal processing on the molding surface MLs. Alternatively, the molded structure MB formed on the molding surface MLs may be formed by an apparatus different from the processing system SYS. Note that the molds ML11 and ML12 before the molded structure MB is formed may be manufactured by a method other than optical processing. As an example, the molds ML11 and ML12 before the molded structure MB is formed may be manufactured by a method using at least one of cutting, casting, and electric discharge machining.

[0084] When the molding structure MB is formed on the molding surface MLs, a material supply port (so-called gate port) GP (see FIG. 8) for supplying molten material to the molding space SP may be formed at a position determined according to the molding structure MB. The material supply port GP is typically an opening formed on the molding surface MLs by the material supply path MS. Specifically, the material supply port GP may be formed at a position determined according to the extension direction of the convex structures 71 constituting the molding structure MB. The material supply port GP may be formed at a position determined according to the extension direction of the groove structures 72 constituting the molding structure MB. For example, the material supply port GP may be formed at a position that allows the material supply port GP to supply molten material from the material supply port GP along the extension direction of at least one of the convex structures 71 and the groove structures 72. The material supply port GP may be formed at a position that allows the direction in which the material is supplied from the material supply port GP to be aligned with the extension direction of at least one of the convex structures 71 and the groove structures 72. Furthermore, the material supply port GP may be formed at a position that allows the direction in which the material from the material supply port GP flows on the molding surface MLs to be aligned with the extension direction of at least one of the convex structures 71 and the groove structure 72. As a result, the material supplied from the material supply port GP can easily enter the groove structure 72, making it possible to appropriately manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB formed therein.

[0085] As shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), in addition to the material supply port GP, the molding surface MLs may be formed with a gas discharge port AP connected to a gas discharge path AE for discharging gas remaining in the molding space SP to the outside of the mold ML. That is, the molding surface MLs may be formed with a gas discharge port AP for air venting. In the example shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), the gas discharge port AP is formed at the boundary portion 714 that forms the bottom of the groove structure 72. However, the gas discharge port AP may be formed at other positions. The size of the gas discharge port AP for air venting along the longitudinal direction of the groove structure 72 may be, for example, 2 to 20 micrometers.

[0086] As described above, after the material supplied to the molding space SP solidifies, the molds ML11 and ML12 are separated. That is, to extract the solidified material as the turbine blade BL, the molds ML11 and ML12 are removed from the solidified material (i.e., the turbine blade BL). In this case, the direction in which each of the molds ML11 and ML12 is removed from the turbine blade BL (i.e., the direction in which each of the molds ML11 and ML12 is pulled out from the turbine blade BL) may be a direction based on the molded structure MB. For example, the direction in which each of the molds ML11 and ML12 is removed from the turbine blade BL may be a direction along the extension direction of the plurality of convex structures 71 constituting the molded structure MB. For example, the direction in which each of the molds ML11 and ML12 is removed from the turbine blade BL may be a direction along the average of the extension directions of the plurality of convex structures 71 constituting the molded structure MB. As a result, each of the molds ML11 and ML12 can be easily removed from the turbine blade BL. Specifically, the molds ML11 and ML12 can be removed from the turbine blade BL so that the material that has entered the groove structure 72 constituting the forming structure MB (i.e., the material that constitutes the turbine blade BL) is less likely to remain in the groove structure 72. Remaining a portion of the material in the groove structure 72 can lead to chipping of a portion of the turbine blade BL, which is made of solidified material. This reduces the likelihood of chipping of a portion of the turbine blade BL. This makes it possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with high shape accuracy. If the molds ML11 and ML12 cannot be removed from the turbine blade BL in the direction determined by the forming structure MB, the molds ML11 and ML12 may be removed from the turbine blade BL in the direction determined by the forming structure MB after moving at least one of the turbine blade BL and the molds ML11 and ML12 in a direction different from the direction determined by the forming structure MB. However, for example, the direction in which the molds ML11 and ML12 are removed from the turbine blade BL may be the direction in which the multiple convex structures 71 constituting the forming structure MB protrude (i.e., the height direction).

[0087] (3-2) Second specific example of mold ML used to manufacture turbine blade BL having riblet structure RB formed thereon Next, a second specific example of the mold ML used to manufacture the turbine blade BL having the riblet structure RB will be described. In the following description, the second specific example of the mold ML will be referred to as "mold ML2." The mold ML2 differs from the above-described mold ML1, in which neither the corner 713 nor the boundary 714 need to have a curved surface, in that at least one of the corner 713 and the boundary 714 includes a curved surface. That is, the mold ML2 differs from the above-described mold ML1, in which neither the corner 713 nor the boundary 714 need to have a chamfered surface, in that at least one of the corner 713 and the boundary 714 has been chamfered (particularly, R-chamfering, i.e., rounded). Other features of the mold ML2 may be the same as those of the mold ML1. Hereinafter, a molded structure MB in which at least one of the corner 713 and the boundary 714 includes a curved surface will be described with reference to FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b). Figure 11(a) is an oblique view showing a molded structure MB in which at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 includes a curved surface, and Figure 11(b) is a cross-sectional view showing a molded structure MB in which at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 includes a curved surface.

[0088] As shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b), the corner 713 may include a curved surface. Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show an example in which the corner 713 includes a flat surface 7131, a curved surface 7132 connecting the flat surface 7131 and the side surface 711, and a curved surface 7133 connecting the flat surface 7131 and the side surface 712. In other words, Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show an example in which a portion of the corner 713 is a curved surface. However, the entire corner 713 may be a curved surface. For example, the corner 713 may include a curved surface connecting a pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71, similar to a boundary portion 714 described later.

[0089] As described above, the corner 713 connects a pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 facing opposite each other. Typically, the corner 713 includes a curved surface. Therefore, the corner 713 and the side surfaces 711 and 712 may be distinguished based on whether or not they include a curved surface. However, if the corner 713 includes a curved surface connected to the side surface 711 or 712 (for example, at least one of the curved surfaces 7132 and 7133), the side surface 711 or 712 may be considered to include a curved surface instead of the corner 713.

[0090] As shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b), the boundary 714 may include a curved surface. Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show an example in which the boundary 714 includes a curved surface 7141 connecting the side surfaces 711 and 712 of two adjacent convex structures 71. In other words, Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show an example in which the entire boundary 714 is a curved surface. However, only a portion of the boundary 714 may be a curved surface. For example, similar to the corner 713 described above, the boundary 714 may include a plane, a first curved surface connecting the plane and the side surface 711 of one of the two adjacent convex structures 71, and a second curved surface connecting the plane and the side surface 712 of the other of the two adjacent convex structures 71.

[0091] As described above, the boundary portion 714 connects the side surfaces 711 and 712 of two adjacent convex structures 71. Typically, this boundary portion 714 includes a curved surface. Therefore, the boundary portion 714 and the side surfaces 711 and 712 may be distinguished based on whether or not they include a curved surface. However, if the boundary portion 714 includes a curved surface (for example, a curved surface 7141) that is connected to the side surface 711 or 712, the side surface 711 or 712 may be considered to include a curved surface instead of the boundary portion 714.

[0092] 11(a), for convenience, the curved surfaces of corners 713 connected to side surfaces 711 and 712 are shown by dotted lines. The portions shown by dotted lines are curved portions (i.e., rounded portions).

[0093] Figures 12(a) and 12(b) show a turbine blade BL (particularly, a riblet structure RB) manufactured using a mold ML2 in which a formed structure MB is formed in which at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 includes a curved surface. Figure 12(a) is a perspective view showing the riblet structure formed using the formed structure MB shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b), and Figure 12(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the riblet structure formed using the formed structure MB shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b).

[0094] As shown in Figures 12(a) and 12(b), the corner 813 of the riblet structure RB may include a curved surface, similar to the boundary 714 of the molded structure MB corresponding to the corner 813. Figures 12(a) and 12(b) show an example in which the corner 813 includes a curved surface 8141 connecting a pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81. In other words, Figures 12(a) and 12(b) show an example in which the entire corner 813 is a curved surface. However, only a portion of the boundary 813 may be a curved surface. For example, when the boundary 714 includes a flat surface and two curved surfaces as described above, the corner 813 may include, similar to the boundary 814 described below, a flat surface, a first curved surface connecting the flat surface to one of the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81, and a second curved surface connecting the flat surface to the other of the pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81.

[0095] As described above, the corner 813 connects a pair of side surfaces 811 and 812 facing opposite each other. Typically, the corner 813 includes a curved surface. Therefore, the corner 813 and the side surfaces 811 and 812 may be distinguished based on whether or not they include a curved surface. However, if the corner 813 includes a curved surface (e.g., curved surface 8131) connected to the side surface 811 or 812, the side surface 811 or 812 may be considered to include a curved surface instead of the corner 813.

[0096] As shown in Figures 12(a) and 12(b), the boundary 814 of the riblet structure RB may include a curved surface, similar to the corner 713 of the molded structure MB corresponding to the boundary 814. Figures 12(a) and 12(b) show an example in which the boundary 814 includes a flat surface 8141, a curved surface 8142 connecting the flat surface 8141 and the side surface 811, and a curved surface 8143 connecting the flat surface 8141 and the side surface 812. In other words, Figures 12(a) and 12(b) show an example in which a portion of the boundary 814 is a curved surface. However, the entire boundary 814 may be a curved surface. For example, if the corner 713 includes a curved surface connecting a pair of side surfaces 711 and 712 as described above, the boundary 814 may include a curved surface connecting the side surfaces 811 and 8712 of two adjacent convex structures 81, similar to the corner 813 described above.

[0097] As described above, the boundary portion 814 connects the side surfaces 811 and 812 that are provided on two adjacent convex structures 81. Typically, this boundary portion 814 includes a curved surface. Therefore, the boundary portion 814 and the side surfaces 811 and 812 may be distinguished based on whether or not they include a curved surface. However, if the boundary portion 814 includes a curved surface (for example, at least one of the curved surfaces 8142 and 8143) that is connected to the side surface 811 or 812, the side surface 811 or 812 may be considered to include a curved surface instead of the boundary portion 814.

[0098] 12(a), for convenience, the curved surfaces of corners 813 connected to side surfaces 811 and 812 and the curved surfaces of boundaries 814 connected to side surfaces 811 and 812 are shown by dotted lines. The portions shown by dotted lines are curved portions (i.e., rounded portions).

[0099] In this way, when at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 includes a curved surface, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with relatively high shape accuracy, compared to when neither the corners 713 nor the boundaries 714 include a curved surface. In other words, when at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 is chamfered, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with relatively high shape accuracy, compared to when neither the corners 713 nor the boundaries 714 are chamfered.

[0100] As an example, when at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 includes a curved surface, the molten material is more likely to penetrate up to the tip of the groove structure 72 (i.e., up to the boundaries 714) compared to when neither the corners 713 nor the boundaries 714 include a curved surface. As a result, there is less likelihood of defects in the shape of the tips (i.e., the corners 713) of the convex structures 71 of the riblet structure RB formed by the groove structure 72. In other words, there is less likelihood of part of the turbine blade BL being chipped. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with relatively high shape precision.

[0101] As another example, when at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 includes a curved surface, it becomes easier to remove the mold ML2 from the solidified material (i.e., the turbine blade BL) when extracting the solidified material as the turbine blade BL, compared to when neither the corners 713 nor the boundaries 714 include a curved surface. As a result, there is a lower possibility that part of the solidified material will remain in the mold ML2. This reduces the possibility that part of the turbine blade BL will be chipped. This makes it possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with relatively high shape accuracy.

[0102] As described above, a mold made of zirconia (zirconia ceramics) may be used as the mold ML. When a mold made of zirconia (zirconia ceramics) is used as the mold ML, the mold ML2 is easier to remove from the solidified material (i.e., the turbine blade BL) when extracting the solidified material as a turbine blade BL, compared to when a mold made of a material other than zirconia is used as the mold ML. However, zirconia is a relatively expensive material. Therefore, the cost of the mold ML can be reduced by using a mold made of a material less expensive than zirconia (e.g., at least one of pre-hardened steel, as-rolled steel, and stainless steel). In this case, a molded structure MB in which at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 includes a curved surface may be formed in the mold ML made of a material other than zirconia. As a result, even when a mold made of a material other than zirconia is used as the mold ML, the mold ML2 can be easily removed from the solidified material (i.e., the turbine blade BL) when extracting the solidified material as the turbine blade BL, just as when a mold made of zirconia is used as the mold ML. This effect of making it easy to remove the mold ML2 from the solidified material (i.e., the turbine blade BL) is particularly advantageous when a mold made of a material other than zirconia is used as the mold ML. Of course, it goes without saying that a molded structure MB in which at least one of the corners 713 and the boundary 714 includes a curved surface may be formed in the mold ML made of zirconia.

[0103] The radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 may be set to an appropriate value. For example, as described above, when the height H_rb of the convex structure 81 satisfies the first height condition of "2.5 micrometers < H_rb < 100 micrometers", if the radius of curvature R exceeds 4 micrometers, the effect of reducing the resistance of the fluid to the surface of the turbine blade BL by the riblet structure RB may be diminished. Therefore, the radius of curvature R may be set to a value smaller than 4 micrometers. Also, if the radius of curvature R is less than 1 micrometer, it may become difficult to form the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 having a curved surface from the viewpoint of the manufacturing accuracy of the mold ML (that is, the forming accuracy of the formed structure MB). That is, the shape accuracy of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 may deteriorate. Therefore, the radius of curvature R may be set to a value larger than 1 micrometer. That is, the radius of curvature R may satisfy the first curvature condition of "1 micrometer < R < 4 micrometers". As a result, the formed structure MB for forming the riblet structure RB capable of appropriately exerting the effect of reducing the resistance to the fluid can be formed accurately. Therefore, it becomes possible to manufacture the turbine blade BL in which the riblet structure RB capable of appropriately exerting the effect of reducing the resistance to the fluid is accurately formed. More preferably, considering the margin, the radius of curvature R may be set to a value larger than 2 micrometers and also larger than 3 micrometers. That is, the radius of curvature R may satisfy the second curvature condition of "2 micrometers < R < 3 micrometers". As a result, the formed structure MB for forming the riblet structure RB capable of more appropriately exerting the effect of reducing the resistance to the fluid can be formed more accurately. Therefore, it becomes possible to manufacture the turbine blade BL in which the riblet structure RB capable of more appropriately exerting the effect of reducing the resistance to the fluid is more accurately formed.

[0104] The radius of curvature R of the curved surface included by a certain corner 713 may be constant regardless of the position on the curved surface. Alternatively, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included by a certain corner 713 may vary depending on the position on the curved surface. For example, the radius of curvature R of a first portion of the curved surface included by a certain corner 713 may be different from the radius of curvature R of a second portion of the same curved surface included by the same corner 713. Similarly, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included by a certain boundary 714 may be constant regardless of the position on the curved surface. Alternatively, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included by a certain boundary 714 may vary depending on the position on the curved surface. For example, the radius of curvature R of a third portion of the curved surface included by a certain boundary 714 may be different from the radius of curvature R of a fourth portion of the same curved surface included by the same boundary 714.

[0105] The radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 formed in a first portion of the molding surface MLs may be different from the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 formed in a second portion different from the first portion of the molding surface MLs. In other words, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 may vary depending on the position at which at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 is formed. The radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corners 813 and the boundaries 814 constituting the riblet structure RB may also vary depending on the position at which at least one of the corners 813 and the boundaries 814 is formed. In this case, it becomes possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB formed with high precision that can appropriately exhibit the effect of reducing resistance to fluid, compared to a case where the radius of curvature R is fixed regardless of position.

[0106] As an example, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 may vary depending on the formation density of the convex structures 71 at the position where at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 is formed. In other words, the radius of curvature R at a certain position on the molding surface MLs may be set to a value depending on the formation density of the convex structures 71 at that position. The formation density of the convex structures 71 may be the number of convex structures 71 that intersect with the axis of a unit length extending in the direction in which the multiple convex structures 71 are arranged (i.e., the pitch direction). The formation density of the convex structures 71 may be the number of convex structures 71 present in an area of ​​a unit length along the direction in which the multiple convex structures 71 are arranged. The formation density of the convex structures 71 may be the number of convex structures 71 arranged in an area of ​​a unit area.

[0107] For example, at a position where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively high, the formation density of the groove structures 72 substantially formed by the convex structures 71 is also high. As a result, at a position where the formation density of the groove structures 72 is relatively high, it is more likely that the molten material will have difficulty entering the plurality of groove structures 72, compared to a position where the formation density of the groove structures 72 is relatively low. Therefore, the radius of curvature R may be relatively large at a position where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively high, so that the molten material will easily enter the plurality of groove structures 72. On the other hand, at a position where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively low, the formation density of the groove structures 72 substantially formed by the convex structures 71 is also low. As a result, at a position where the formation density of the groove structures 72 is relatively low, it is less likely that the molten material will have difficulty entering the plurality of groove structures 72, compared to a position where the formation density of the groove structures 72 is relatively high. For this reason, at positions where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively low, there is relatively little need to make the radius of curvature R relatively large so that the molten material can easily enter the multiple groove structures 72. Therefore, at positions where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively high, the radius of curvature R may be relatively small. In summary, when the formation density of the convex structures 71 in the first portion of the molding surface MLs is higher than the formation density of the convex structures 71 in the second portion of the molding surface MLs, the radius of curvature R in the first portion of the molding surface MLs may be larger than the radius of curvature R in the second portion of the molding surface MLs. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing resistance to a fluid is formed with high accuracy.

[0108] As another example, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 may vary depending on the temperature of the mold ML2 at the position where at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 is formed or the temperature of the molten material in contact with that position (hereinafter referred to as the "molding temperature"). That is, the radius of curvature R at a certain position on the molding surface MLs may be set to a value depending on the molding temperature at that position. For example, at a position where the molding temperature is relatively low, the fluidity of the molten material is relatively low. As a result, at a position where the molding temperature is relatively low, it is more likely that the molten material will have difficulty penetrating into the multiple groove structures 72 compared to a position where the molding temperature is relatively high. Therefore, the radius of curvature R may be relatively large at a position where the molding temperature is relatively low so that the molten material can easily enter the multiple groove structures 72. On the other hand, at a position where the molding temperature is relatively high, the fluidity of the molten material is relatively high. As a result, at positions where the forming temperature is relatively high, it is less likely that the molten material will have difficulty entering the plurality of groove structures 72 compared to positions where the forming temperature is relatively low. Therefore, at positions where the forming temperature is relatively high, there is relatively little need to make the radius of curvature R relatively large so that the molten material will easily enter the plurality of groove structures 72. Therefore, at positions where the forming temperature is relatively high, the radius of curvature R may be relatively small. In summary, when the forming temperature of the first portion of the forming surface MLs is lower than the forming temperature of the second portion of the forming surface MLs, the radius of curvature R of the first portion of the forming surface MLs may be larger than the radius of curvature R of the second portion of the forming surface MLs. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing resistance to a fluid is formed with high precision.

[0109] As another example, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 may vary depending on the depth of the groove structure 72 at the position where at least one of the corners 713 and the boundaries 714 is formed (i.e., the height H_mb of the convex structure 71). In other words, the radius of curvature R at a certain position on the molding surface MLs may be set to a value depending on the depth of the groove structure 72 at that position. For example, at a position where a relatively deep groove structure 72 is formed, it is more likely that the molten material will not easily penetrate into the multiple groove structures 72 compared to a position where a relatively shallow groove structure 72 is formed. Therefore, the radius of curvature R may be relatively large at a position where a relatively deep groove structure 72 is formed, so that the molten material will more easily penetrate into the multiple groove structures 72. On the other hand, at a position where a relatively shallow groove structure 72 is formed, it is less likely that the molten material will not easily penetrate into the multiple groove structures 72 compared to a position where a relatively deep groove structure 72 is formed. For this reason, in positions where relatively shallow groove structures 72 are formed, there is less need to make the radius of curvature R relatively large so that the molten material can easily enter the multiple groove structures 72. For this reason, the radius of curvature R may be relatively small in positions where relatively shallow groove structures 72 are formed. In summary, when the depth of the groove structure 72 formed in the first portion of the molding surface MLs is deeper than the depth of the groove structure 72 formed in the second portion of the molding surface MLs, the radius of curvature R in the first portion of the molding surface MLs may be larger than the radius of curvature R in the second portion of the molding surface MLs. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing resistance to a fluid is formed with high precision.

[0110] Alternatively, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 may be set to a value corresponding to the particle size (e.g., average particle size) of the material supplied to the molding space SP to manufacture the turbine blade BL. For example, when the particle size of the material is relatively large, it is more likely that the molten material will not easily enter the groove structures 72 compared to when the particle size of the material is relatively small. Therefore, when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a material with a relatively large particle size, the radius of curvature R may be relatively large so that the molten material will easily enter the groove structures 72. In other words, when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a material with a relatively large particle size, the turbine blade BL may be manufactured using a mold ML2 with a relatively large radius of curvature R. On the other hand, when the particle size of the material is relatively small, it is less likely that the molten material will not easily enter the groove structures 72 compared to when the particle size of the material is relatively large. For this reason, in positions where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively low, there is relatively little need to make the radius of curvature R relatively large so that the molten material can easily enter the multiple groove structures 72. Therefore, when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a material with a relatively small particle size, the radius of curvature R may be relatively small. In other words, when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a material with a relatively small particle size, the turbine blade BL may be manufactured using a mold ML2 with a relatively small radius of curvature R.

[0111] Alternatively, the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 is 、 This may vary depending on the angle of the side surfaces 711 and 712 (for example, the angle relative to an axis along the Z axis) at the position where the corner 713 and / or the boundary 714 are formed.

[0112] The radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 may be set based on the measurement results of the riblet structure RB formed using a plurality of molds ML having different radii of curvature R. For example, an operator who manufactures the mold ML (e.g., an operator of the processing system SYS) may manually set the radius of curvature R based on the measurement results of the riblet structure RB. Alternatively, an apparatus that manufactures the mold ML (e.g., the processing system SYS) may automatically set the radius of curvature R based on the measurement results of the riblet structure RB.

[0113] As described above, one purpose of changing the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 is to create a situation in which the molten material can easily penetrate into the groove structures 72. Here, increasing the fluidity of the molten material makes it easier for the molten material to penetrate into the groove structures 72. The fluidity of the molten material increases as the temperature of the molten material increases. The temperature of the molten material increases as the molding temperature increases. Therefore, in addition to or instead of changing the radius of curvature R, the molding temperature when molding the turbine blade BL (particularly when supplying the molten material to the molding space SP) may be adjusted. That is, the molding temperature at each position on the molding surface MLs may be adjusted so that the molten material can easily penetrate into the groove structures 72 at each position on the molding surface MLs. In other words, the molding temperature at each position on the molding surface MLs may be different from one another. Even in this case, as with changing the radius of curvature R, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing fluid resistance is accurately formed.

[0114] As an example, the forming temperature at a certain position on the forming surface MLs may be adjusted according to the formation density of the convex structures 71 at that position. For example, as described above, at a position where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively high, it is more likely that the molten material will have difficulty penetrating into the plurality of groove structures 72 compared to a position where the formation density of the groove structures 72 is relatively low. Therefore, the forming temperature may be relatively high at a position where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively high so that the molten material will easily penetrate into the plurality of groove structures 72. On the other hand, the forming temperature may be relatively low at a position where the formation density of the convex structures 71 is relatively low. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing resistance to a fluid is formed with high precision.

[0115] As another example, the forming temperature at a certain position on the forming surface MLs may be adjusted according to the depth of the groove structure 72 at that position (i.e., the height H_mb of the convex structure 71). For example, as described above, at a position where a relatively deep groove structure 72 is formed, it is more likely that the molten material will not easily penetrate into the multiple groove structures 72 compared to a position where a relatively shallow groove structure 72 is formed. Therefore, the forming temperature may be relatively high at a position where a relatively deep groove structure 72 is formed so that the molten material will easily penetrate into the multiple groove structures 72. On the other hand, the forming temperature may be relatively low at a position where a relatively shallow groove structure 72 is formed. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing resistance to a fluid is formed with high precision.

[0116] As another example, the forming temperature at a certain position on the forming surface MLs may be adjusted according to the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 713 and the boundary portion 714 at that position. For example, as described above, at a position where the radius of curvature R is relatively small, it is more likely that the molten material will not easily penetrate into the plurality of groove structures 72 compared to a position where the radius of curvature R is relatively large. Therefore, the forming temperature may be relatively high at a position where the radius of curvature R is relatively small so that the molten material will more easily penetrate into the plurality of groove structures 72. On the other hand, the forming temperature may be relatively low at a position where the radius of curvature R is relatively large. As a result, it becomes possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB capable of appropriately exhibiting the effect of reducing resistance to a fluid is formed with high precision.

[0117] As another example, the forming temperature at a certain position on the forming surface MLs may be adjusted depending on whether or not a formed structure MB (e.g., groove structure 72) is present at that position. In other words, the forming temperatures at positions on the forming surface MLs where a formed structure MB is formed may differ from those at positions where the formed structure MB is not formed. For example, at positions where groove structures 72 are formed, the forming temperature may be relatively high so that the molten material can easily enter the multiple groove structures 72. On the other hand, at positions where groove structures 72 are not formed, there is less need to adjust the forming temperature so that the molten material can easily enter the multiple groove structures 72. Therefore, at positions where groove structures 72 are not formed, the forming temperature may be relatively low. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL in which a riblet structure RB that can appropriately exert the effect of reducing resistance to fluid is formed with high precision.

[0118] As another example, the forming temperature may be adjusted according to the particle size (e.g., average particle size) of the material supplied to the forming space SP to manufacture the turbine blade BL. For example, as described above, when the particle size of the material is relatively large, it is more likely that the molten material will not easily enter the groove structures 72 compared to when the particle size of the material is relatively small. Therefore, when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a material with a relatively large particle size, the forming temperature may be relatively high so that the molten material will easily enter the groove structures 72. On the other hand, when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a material with a relatively small particle size, the forming temperature may be relatively low.

[0119] It should be noted that the riblet structure RB may be formed in which at least one of the corners 813 and the boundaries 814 includes a curved surface, not only when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using the mold ML2 but also when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using any method. For example, the processing system SYS may form a riblet structure RB in which at least one of the corners 813 and the boundaries 814 includes a curved surface on the riblet structure surface BLs.

[0120] (3-3) Third specific example of a mold ML used to manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB formed thereon Next, a third specific example of a mold ML used to manufacture a turbine blade BL having a riblet structure RB will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16. In the following description, the third specific example of the mold ML will be referred to as "mold ML3." Mold ML3 differs from at least one of the above-described molds ML1 and ML2 in that the molding surface MLs includes a forming region W11 in which the forming structure MB is formed, a non-forming region W12 in which the forming structure MB is not formed, and an end region W13 located between the forming region W11 and the non-forming region W12 and in which an end structure TB is formed. The end structure TB may be considered to constitute a part of the forming structure MB. Other features of mold ML3 may be identical to other features of at least one of molds ML1 and ML2.

[0121] The formation region W11 and the non-formation region W12 may be aligned along the extension direction of each of the plurality of convex structures 71 constituting the formed structure MB. In this case, a first termination structure TB (hereinafter referred to as "termination structure TB1") may be formed in a termination region W13 located between the formation region W11 and the non-formation region W12 along the extension direction of each of the plurality of convex structures 71.

[0122] The formation region W11 and the non-formation region W12 may be aligned along the direction in which the plurality of convex structures 71 constituting the formed structure MB are aligned. In this case, a second termination structure TB (hereinafter referred to as "termination structure TB2") may be formed in a termination region W13 located between the formation region W11 and the non-formation region W12 along the direction in which the plurality of convex structures 71 are aligned.

[0123] The first termination structure TB1 and the second termination structure TB2 will be described below in order. In the following description, the formation region W11, termination region W13, and non-formation region W12 aligned along the extension direction of the plurality of convex structures 71 will be referred to as the formation region W111, termination region W131, and non-formation region W121, respectively. On the other hand, the formation region W11, termination region W13, and non-formation region W12 aligned along the alignment direction of the plurality of convex structures 71 will be referred to as the formation region W112, termination region W132, and non-formation region W122, respectively.

[0124] (3-3-1) First termination structure TB1 First, the first termination structure TB1 will be described with reference to Figures 13(a) and 13(b). Figure 13(a) is a perspective view showing the first termination structure TB1, and Figure 13(b) is a cross-sectional view (A-A' cross-sectional view of Figure 13(a)) showing the first termination structure TB1.

[0125] As shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b), the first termination structure TB1 is formed in a termination region W131 located between a formation region W111 and a non-formation region W121 that are aligned along the extension direction of the plurality of convex structures 71 (the X-axis direction in the example shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b)). Similar to the shaping structure MB, the first termination structure TB1 includes a plurality of convex structures 71 and a plurality of groove structures 72. In the following description, the convex structures 71 and groove structures 72 that constitute the first termination structure TB1 formed in the termination region W131 will be referred to as convex structures 73 and groove structures 74, respectively, to distinguish them from the convex structures 71 and groove structures 72 that constitute the shaping structure MB formed in the formation region W111.

[0126] The plurality of convex structures 73 formed in the termination region W131 are connected to the plurality of convex structures 71 formed in the formation region W111, respectively. The plurality of groove structures 74 formed in the termination region W131 are connected to the plurality of groove structures 72 formed in the formation region W111, respectively. Each of the plurality of convex structures 73 extends from the formation region W111 toward the non-formation region W121. Because the formation region W111 and the non-formation region W121 are aligned along the direction in which the convex structures 71 extend, it can be said that each of the plurality of convex structures 73 extends along the direction in which the convex structures 71 extend.

[0127] The height of at least one of the multiple convex structures 73 formed in the termination region W131 varies depending on the position in the extension direction of the convex structure 73. Specifically, the height of the at least one convex structure 73 decreases as the at least one convex structure 73 approaches from the formation region W111 to the non-formation region W121. Note that, since the height of the convex structure 73 (71) is equivalent to the depth of the groove structure 74 (72) as described above, the depth of at least one of the multiple groove structures 74 formed in the termination region W131 may be considered to vary depending on the position in the extension direction of the groove structure 74. Specifically, the depth of the at least one groove structure 74 may be considered to decrease as the at least one groove structure 74 approaches from the formation region W111 to the non-formation region W121.

[0128] A turbine blade BL (particularly, a riblet structure RB) manufactured using a mold ML3 on which such a first termination structure TB1 is formed is shown in Figures 14(a) and 14(b). Figure 14(a) is a perspective view showing a portion of a turbine blade BL manufactured using a mold ML3 on which the first termination structure TB1 shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b) is formed, and Figure 14(b) is a cross-sectional view (B-B' cross-sectional view of Figure 14(a)) showing a portion of a turbine blade BL manufactured using a mold ML3 on which the first termination structure TB1 shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b) is formed.

[0129] As shown in Figures 14(a) and 14(b), the riblet structure surface BLs includes a forming region W211 in which a riblet structure RB is formed by a molding structure MB formed in the forming region W111. Furthermore, the riblet structure surface BLs also includes a non-forming region W221 that is aligned with the forming region W211 along the extension direction of the convex structures 81 that make up the riblet structure RB and in which no riblet structure RB is formed. Furthermore, the riblet structure surface BLs also includes a terminal region W231 that is formed between the forming region W211 and the non-forming region W221 along the extension direction of the convex structures 81 and in which the convex structures 81 and groove structures 82 are formed by a first terminal structure TB1 formed in the forming region W131. In the following description, the convex structures 81 and groove structures 82 formed in the terminal region W231 will be referred to as the convex structures 83 and groove structures 84, respectively, to distinguish them from the convex structures 81 and groove structures 82 formed in the forming region W211.

[0130] The plurality of convex structures 83 formed in the termination region W231 are connected to the plurality of convex structures 81 formed in the formation region W211, respectively. The plurality of groove structures 84 formed in the termination region W231 are connected to the plurality of groove structures 82 formed in the formation region W211, respectively. Each of the plurality of convex structures 83 extends from the formation region W211 toward the non-formation region W221. Because the formation region W211 and the non-formation region W221 are aligned along the direction in which the convex structures 81 extend, it can be said that each of the plurality of convex structures 83 extends along the direction in which the convex structures 81 extend.

[0131] As described above, because the height of at least one of the plurality of convex structures 73 formed in the termination region W131 changes, the depth of at least one of the plurality of groove structures 84 formed in the termination region W231 changes. Specifically, the depth of at least one groove structure 84 changes depending on the position in the extension direction of the groove structure 84. More specifically, the depth of at least one groove structure 84 becomes shallower as the at least one groove structure 84 approaches from the formation region W211 to the non-formation region W221. Note that, because the depth of the groove structure 84 (82) is equivalent to the height of the convex structures 83 (81) as described above, the height of at least one of the plurality of convex structures 83 formed in the termination region W231 may be considered to change depending on the position in the extension direction of the convex structures 83. Specifically, the height of at least one convex structure 83 may be considered to decrease as the at least one convex structure 83 approaches from the formation region W211 to the non-formation region W221.

[0132] When a turbine blade BL is manufactured using the mold ML3 on which the first termination structure TB1 is formed, the mold ML3 can be more easily removed from the turbine blade BL than when the turbine blade BL is manufactured using a mold ML on which the first termination structure TB1 is not formed. As a result, there is less chance that part of the solidified material will remain on the mold ML3. This reduces the chance that part of the turbine blade BL will be chipped. This makes it possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with relatively high shape accuracy. Furthermore, in a turbine blade BL manufactured using the mold ML3 on which the first termination structure TB1 is formed, the resistance to fluid on the surface of the turbine blade BL at the position corresponding to the position of the first termination structure TB1 can be reduced.

[0133] (3-3-2) Second termination structure TB2 Next, the second termination structure TB2 will be described with reference to Figures 15(a) and 15(b). Figure 15(a) is a perspective view showing the second termination structure TB2, and Figure 15(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the second termination structure TB2.

[0134] As shown in FIGS. 15(a) and 15(b), the second termination structure TB2 is formed in a termination region W132 located between a formation region W112 and a non-formation region W122 that are aligned in the direction in which the multiple convex structures 71 are aligned (the Y-axis direction in the example shown in FIGS. 15(a) and 15(b)). The second termination structure TB2 is formed in the termination region W132 so that the inclination angle θ12 formed between the surface of the termination region W132 and an axis EX1 that runs along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction in which the convex structures 71 protrude) is larger than the inclination angle θ11 formed between the side surface 711 of the convex structures 71 and the axis EX1. The surface of the termination region W132 may be considered equivalent to the surface of the second termination structure TB2 formed in the termination region W132. In this case, the second termination structure TB2 may be considered to be a structure formed in the termination region W132 so that the inclination angle θ12 between the surface of the second termination structure TB2 and the axis EX1 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction in which the convex structure 71 protrudes) is greater than the inclination angle θ11 between at least one of the side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71 and the axis EX1.

[0135] The second termination structure TB2 may be formed in the termination region W132 so that, in addition to or instead of the inclination angle θ12 being larger than the inclination angle θ11, the inclination angle θ12 is larger than the inclination angle θ13 formed between the axis EX1 and the side surface 712 of the convex structure 71. Furthermore, in addition to or instead of the inclination angle θ12 being larger than at least one of the inclination angles θ11 and θ13, the second termination structure TB2 may be formed in the termination region W132 so that the angle θ14 formed between the surface of the termination region W132 and at least one of the side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71 adjacent to the termination region W132 is larger than the angle θ15 formed between the side surfaces 711 and 712 of each of the two adjacent convex structures 71.

[0136] A turbine blade BL (particularly, a riblet structure RB) manufactured using a mold ML3 on which such a second termination structure TB2 is formed is shown in Figures 16(a) and 16(b). Figure 16(a) is a perspective view showing a portion of a turbine blade BL manufactured using a mold ML3 on which the second termination structure TB2 shown in Figures 15(a) and 15(b) is formed, and Figure 16(b) is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a turbine blade BL manufactured using a mold ML3 on which the second termination structure TB2 shown in Figures 15(a) and 15(b) is formed.

[0137] 16(a) and 16(b), the riblet structure surface BLs includes a formation region W212 in which a riblet structure RB is formed by a molding structure MB formed in the formation region W112. Furthermore, the riblet structure surface BLs includes a non-formation region W222 that is aligned with the formation region W212 along the direction in which the convex structures 81 that make up the riblet structure RB are aligned and in which no riblet structure RB is formed. Furthermore, the riblet structure surface BLs includes a termination region W232 that is formed between the formation region W212 and the non-formation region W222 along the direction in which the convex structures 81 are aligned and in which a structure is formed on the surface by a second termination structure TB2 formed in the formation region W132. As described above, the second termination structure TB2 for forming the structure in the termination region W232 is a structure formed in the termination region W132 so that the inclination angle θ12 formed between the surface of the termination region W132 and the axis EX1 along the Z-axis direction is larger than the inclination angle θ11 formed between the axis EX1 and the side surface 711 of the convex structure 71. As a result, the inclination angle θ22 formed between the surface of the termination region W232 on which the structure is formed by such second termination structure TB2 (i.e., the surface of the structure formed in the termination region W232) and the axis EX2 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction in which the convex structure 81 protrudes) is larger than the inclination angle θ21 formed between the side surface 811 of the convex structure 81 and the axis EX2.

[0138] As described above, the second termination structure TB2 may be a structure formed in the termination region W132 such that the inclination angle θ12 is larger than the inclination angle θ13 between the axis EX1 and the side surface 712 of the convex structure 71. In this case, the inclination angle θ22 between the surface of the termination region W232 on which the structure is formed by such a second termination structure TB2 (i.e., the surface of the structure formed in the termination region W232) and the axis EX2 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction in which the convex structure 81 protrudes) is larger than the inclination angle θ23 between the side surface 812 of the convex structure 81 and the axis EX2.

[0139] As described above, the second termination structure TB2 may be a structure formed in the termination region W132 such that the angle θ14 formed between the surface of the termination region W132 and at least one of the side surfaces 711 and 712 of the convex structure 71 adjacent to the termination region W132 is larger than the angle θ15 formed between the side surfaces 711 and 712 of each of two adjacent convex structures 71. In this case, the angle θ24 formed between the surface of the termination region W232 on which the structure is formed by such a second termination structure TB2 (i.e., the surface of the structure formed in the termination region W232) and at least one of the side surfaces 811 and 812 of the convex structure 81 adjacent to the termination region W232 is larger than the angle θ25 formed between the side surfaces 811 and 812 of each of the two adjacent convex structures 81.

[0140] When a turbine blade BL is manufactured using the mold ML3 on which the second termination structure TB2 is formed, the slope of the termination region W232 becomes relatively gentle. This makes it easier to remove the mold ML3 from the turbine blade BL. As a result, there is a reduced possibility that part of the solidified material will remain in the mold ML3. This reduces the possibility that part of the turbine blade BL will chip. This makes it possible to manufacture a turbine blade BL with relatively high shape accuracy.

[0141] (4)Design equipment Next, a design device 5 for designing the shape of the riblet structure RB formed on the turbine blade BL will be described.

[0142] (4-1) Structure of design device 5 First, the structure of the design device 5 will be described with reference to Fig. 17. Fig. 17 is a block diagram showing the structure of the design device 5.

[0143] 17 , the design device 5 includes a calculation device 51, a storage device 52, and a communication device 53. The design device 5 may further include an input device 54 and an output device 55. However, the design device 5 does not necessarily have to include at least one of the input device 54 and the output device 55. The calculation device 51, the storage device 52, the communication device 53, the input device 54, and the output device 55 may be connected via a data bus 56.

[0144] The arithmetic device 51 may include, for example, at least one of a CPU and a GPU. The arithmetic device 51 loads a computer program. For example, the arithmetic device 51 may load a computer program stored in the storage device 52. For example, the arithmetic device 51 may load a computer program stored in a computer-readable, non-transitory storage medium using a storage medium reading device (not shown). The arithmetic device 51 may acquire (i.e., download or load) the computer program from a device (not shown) located outside the design device 5 via the communication device 53. The arithmetic device 51 executes the loaded computer program. As a result, logical functional blocks for executing operations to be performed by the design device 5 are realized within the arithmetic device 51. In other words, the arithmetic device 51 can function as a controller for realizing logical functional blocks for executing operations to be performed by the design device 5.

[0145] In this embodiment, logical functional blocks for executing design operations for designing the shape of the riblet structure RB are realized within the calculation device 51. Fig. 17 shows an example of logical functional blocks realized within the calculation device 51 for executing the design operations. As shown in Fig. 17, a display control unit 511, an information acquisition unit 512, and a characteristic calculation unit 513 are realized within the calculation device 51. The operations of the display control unit 511, the information acquisition unit 512, and the characteristic calculation unit 513 will be described in detail later.

[0146] Furthermore, when a riblet structure RB is formed using a mold ML in which a forming structure MB is formed, the design operation of designing the shape of the riblet structure RB may be considered to be equivalent to the operation of designing the mold ML (in particular, the forming structure MB).

[0147] The storage device 52 can store desired data. For example, the storage device 52 may temporarily store a computer program executed by the arithmetic device 51. The storage device 52 may temporarily store data that the arithmetic device 51 temporarily uses when the arithmetic device 51 is executing a computer program. The storage device 52 may store data that the design device 5 stores long-term. The storage device 52 may include at least one of a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a hard disk device, a magneto-optical disk device, an SSD (Solid State Drive), and a disk array device. In other words, the storage device 52 may include a non-temporary recording medium.

[0148] The communication device 53 is capable of communicating with devices external to the design device 5 via a communication network (not shown).

[0149] The input device 54 is a device that accepts information input to the design device 5 from outside the design device 5. For example, the input device 54 may include an operation device that can be operated by a user (for example, at least one of a keyboard, a mouse, and a touch panel). For example, the input device 54 may include a reading device that can read information recorded as data on a recording medium that can be externally attached to the design device 5.

[0150] The output device 55 is a device that outputs information to the outside of the design device 5. For example, the output device 55 may output information as an image. That is, the output device 55 may include a display device (a so-called display) that can display an image showing the information to be output. For example, the output device 55 may output information as sound. That is, the output device 55 may include an audio device (a so-called speaker) that can output sound. For example, the output device 55 may output information on paper. That is, the output device 55 may include a printing device (a so-called printer) that can print desired information on paper.

[0151] (4-2) Design operation by design device 5 Next, the design operation performed by the design device 5 will be described with reference to Fig. 18. Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing the flow of the design operation performed by the design device 5.

[0152] As shown in FIG. 18, the display control unit 511 controls the output device 55 (particularly the display device) to display a design GUI (Graphical User Interface) 57 (step S11).

[0153] An example of the design GUI 57 is shown in Fig. 19. As shown in Fig. 19, the design GUI 57 may include an input screen 571 and an output screen 572.

[0154] The input screen 571 is a screen (in other words, an input unit) including a GUI that the user can operate to design the shape of the riblet structure RB. The user may operate the input screen 571 using the input device 54. That is, the user may use the input device 54 to perform operations to design the shape of the riblet structure RB on the input screen 571. As a result, the information acquisition unit 512 acquires design information regarding the shape of the riblet structure RB designed by the user using the design GUI 57 (step S12 in FIG. 18).

[0155] An example of the input screen 571 is shown in FIG. 20 . The input screen 571 may include a shape designation GUI 5710 for designating the shape of the riblet structure RB. In the example shown in FIG. 20 , the input screen 571 includes, as an example of the shape designation GUI 5710, a curvature designation GUI 5711 for designating the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion 813 and the boundary portion 814 described above. However, the input screen 571 may include a shape designation GUI 5710 different from the curvature designation GUI 5711. For example, the input screen 571 may include a shape designation GUI 5710 that can designate at least one of the height H_rb of the convex structure 81, the pitch P_rb of the convex structure 81, the depth of the groove structure 82, the pitch of the groove structure 82, the width of the convex structure 81, the width of the groove structure 82, the position of the convex structure 81, the position of the groove structure 82, the shape of the convex structure 81, and the shape of the groove structure 82.

[0156] At least a part of the information input by the user using the input screen 571 may be input to the design device 5 from a device different from the design device 5. For example, information regarding at least one of the height H_rb of the convex structures 81, the pitch P_rb of the convex structures 81, the depth of the groove structures 82, the pitch of the groove structures 82, the width of the convex structures 81, the width of the groove structures 82, the position of the convex structures 81, the position of the groove structures 82, the shape of the convex structures 81, and the shape of the groove structures 82 may be input to the design device 5 from a device different from the design device 5.

[0157] As shown in FIG. 20 , the curvature designation GUI 5711 may include a GUI that enables individual designation of the radii of curvature R of multiple corners 813 that constitute the riblet structure RB. In this case, the curvature designation GUI 5711 may include a GUI that enables designation of the position where each corner 813 is to be formed and the radii of curvature of the corners 813 formed at those positions. The curvature designation GUI 5711 may include a GUI that enables individual designation of the radii of curvature R of multiple boundary portions 814 that constitute the riblet structure RB. In this case, the curvature designation GUI 5711 may include a GUI that enables designation of the position where each boundary portion 814 is to be formed and the radii of curvature of the boundary portions 814 formed at those positions. Alternatively, the curvature designation GUI 5711 may include a GUI that enables collective designation of the radii of curvature R of multiple corners 813 that constitute the riblet structure RB. The curvature designation GUI 5711 may include a GUI that enables collective designation of the radii of curvature R of multiple boundary portions 814 that constitute the riblet structure RB.

[0158] Furthermore, because the corners 813 of the riblet structure RB are formed by the boundaries 714 of the forming structure MB, the curvature designation GUI 5711 for designating the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in the corners 813 of the riblet structure RB may be considered equivalent to the curvature designation GUI for designating the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in the boundaries 714 of the forming structure MB. Similarly, because the boundaries 714 of the riblet structure RB are formed by the corners 713 of the forming structure MB, the curvature designation GUI 5711 for designating the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in the boundaries 814 of the riblet structure RB may be considered equivalent to the GUI for designating the radius of curvature R of the curved surface included in the corners 713 of the forming structure MB.

[0159] The input screen 571 may include a condition specification GUI 5712 for specifying the conditions for forming the riblet structure RB, in addition to or instead of the curvature specification GUI 5711. In the example shown in Fig. 20, the input screen 571 includes a condition specification GUI 5712 for specifying the conditions for forming the riblet structure RB when the riblet structure RB is formed using the above-mentioned mold ML. In the example shown in Fig. 20, the input screen 571 includes a condition specification GUI 5712 for specifying the quality of the material used to manufacture the turbine blade BL (i.e., the material supplied to the molding space SP), the quality of the material constituting the mold ML, the molding temperature, the direction in which the mold ML is removed from the manufactured turbine blade BL (i.e., the pull-out direction), and the direction in which the material is supplied to the molding space SP.

[0160] Referring again to FIG. 18, the information acquisition unit 512 acquires information input to the input screen 571 of the design GUI 57 as design information relating to the shape of the riblet structure RB designed by the user (step S12).

[0161] Thereafter, based on the design information acquired in step S12, the characteristic calculation unit 513 calculates the characteristics of the riblet structure RB that would be realized if the riblet structure RB were formed based on the design information (step S13). For example, the characteristic calculation unit 513 may calculate the characteristics of the riblet structure RB using a database that indicates the relationship between the shape of the riblet structure RB (and, if necessary, the conditions for forming the riblet structure RB) and the characteristics of the riblet structure RB. As an example, as shown in FIG. 21 , the characteristic calculation unit 513 may calculate the characteristics of the riblet structure RB by inputting the design information into the database. Alternatively, for example, the characteristic calculation unit 513 may calculate the characteristics of the riblet structure RB using a computational model that can be constructed by machine learning. The computational model may be, for example, a computational model that can output characteristic information regarding the characteristics of the riblet structure RB when design information is input.

[0162] The display control unit 511 controls the output device 55 (particularly, the display device) to display the characteristics of the riblet structure RB calculated in step S13 (step S14). For example, the display control unit 511 may control the output device 55 (particularly, the display device) to display the characteristics of the riblet structure RB calculated in step S13 on an output screen 572 included in the design GUI 57.

[0163] An example of the output screen 572 is shown in Fig. 22. In the example shown in Fig. 22, the output screen 572 displays, as characteristics of the riblet structure RB, the flow velocity of the fluid flowing facing the surface of the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed (particularly, the riblet structure surface BLs on which the riblet structure RB is formed), the ease with which the mold ML can be removed from the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed (that is, the ease of removal), the fluidity within the molding space SP of the material supplied to the molding space SP of the mold ML, the fluidity within the molding space SP of the material supplied to the molding space SP of the mold ML, and the distribution of stress applied to the surface of the turbine blade BL (particularly, the riblet structure surface BLs on which the riblet structure RB is formed) under conditions in which the turbine blade BL on which the riblet structure RB is formed is actually used.

[0164] The user may design the shape of the riblet structure RB using the input screen 571 while referring to the characteristics of the riblet structure RB displayed on the output screen 572. Each time the user uses the input screen 571 to input new information as design information for designing the shape of the riblet structure RB, the characteristics of the riblet structure RB calculated based on the new design information may be newly displayed on the output screen 572. In this case, the user may continue to design the shape of the riblet structure RB using the input screen 571 until a riblet structure RB having the desired characteristics is realized (step S15). As a result, the user can appropriately design the shape of the riblet structure RB having the desired characteristics.

[0165] The design information may be used to form the riblet structure RB (i.e., to manufacture the turbine blade BL having the riblet structure RB formed therein). For example, the design information may be used to generate information for controlling the processing system SYS to form the riblet structure RB in the turbine blade BL. For example, the design information may be used to generate information for manufacturing the above-mentioned mold ML.

[0166] Note that, considering that the characteristics of the riblet structure RB are calculated based on design information and a database or a computational model capable of machine learning, as described above, it should be possible to calculate design information based on characteristic information related to the characteristics of the riblet structure RB and a database or a computational model capable of machine learning. For this reason, the design device 5 may use the input screen 571 to acquire characteristic information related to the characteristics of the riblet structure RB that the user wishes to realize, and calculate design information that specifies the shape of the riblet structure RB having the characteristics that the user wishes to realize, based on the information and the database or a computational model capable of machine learning. In other words, the design device 5 may automatically recommend the shape of the riblet structure RB that the user wishes to realize, without requiring the user to input information for designing the shape of the riblet structure RB.

[0167] (5) Modified examples of the machining system SYS Next, a modified example of the machining system SYS will be described.

[0168] (5-1) First Modification In a first modified example, the processing system SYS may process the turbine blade BL (or any workpiece W, the same applies below) by irradiating the turbine blade BL with multiple processing beams EL. For example, the processing system SYS may form a riblet structure RB on the turbine blade BL by irradiating the turbine blade BL with multiple processing beams EL. In this case, the processing system SYS may be equipped with a processing optical system 111 including a beam splitter element 1111 that splits the light from the processing light source 2 into multiple processing beams EL, as shown in FIG. 23 .

[0169] The processing system SYS may simultaneously form a plurality of groove structures 82 using a plurality of processing lights EL, respectively. For example, as shown in Fig. 24, which is a plan view showing a plurality of processing lights EL irradiated onto a turbine blade BL, the processing system SYS may irradiate the turbine blade BL with a plurality of processing lights EL so that a plurality of target irradiation areas EA, each irradiated with a plurality of processing lights EL, are arranged along the direction in which the plurality of groove structures 82 are arranged (the Y-axis direction in the example shown in Fig. 24), and the plurality of target irradiation areas EA move along the direction in which the plurality of groove structures 82 extend (the Y-axis direction in the example shown in Fig. 24). As a result, a plurality of groove structures 82 are simultaneously formed.

[0170] The processing system SYS may form a single groove structure 82 using at least two of the multiple processing light beams EL. For example, as shown in FIG. 25, which is a plan view showing multiple processing light beams EL irradiated onto a turbine blade BL, the processing system SYS may irradiate the turbine blade BL with at least two processing light beams EL so that at least two target irradiation areas EA, each irradiated with at least two processing light beams EL, are aligned along the extension direction of the groove structure 82 (the X-axis direction in the example shown in FIG. 25), and the at least two target irradiation areas EA move along the extension direction of the groove structure 82. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 26, which is a plan view showing multiple processing light beams EL irradiated onto the turbine blade BL, the processing system SYS may irradiate the turbine blade BL with at least two processing light beams EL so that the at least two target irradiation areas EA are distributed in a desired distribution pattern (a V-shaped distribution pattern in the example shown in FIG. 26) within the area where the single groove structure 82 is to be formed, and the at least two target irradiation areas EA move along the extension direction of the groove structure 82. As a result, a single groove structure 82 is formed by the at least two processing light beams EL.

[0171] The processing system SYS may perform, in parallel, an operation of forming a single groove structure 82 using at least two first processing lights EL and an operation of forming a single groove structure 82 using at least two second processing lights EL. For example, as shown in Fig. 27 which is a plan view showing a plurality of processing lights EL irradiated onto a turbine blade BL, the processing system SYS may perform a first operation of irradiating the turbine blade BL with at least two first processing lights EL so that at least two first target irradiation areas EA, each irradiated with at least two first processing lights EL, are aligned along the direction in which the groove structure 82 extends (the X-axis direction in the example shown in Fig. 27), and the at least two first target irradiation areas EA move along the direction in which the groove structure 82 extends. Furthermore, in parallel with the first operation, the processing system SYS may irradiate at least two second processing lights EL onto the turbine blade BL so that at least two second target irradiation areas EA, onto which at least two second processing lights EL are respectively irradiated, are arranged along the direction in which the groove structure 82 extends, and the at least two second target irradiation areas EA move along the direction in which the groove structure 82 extends.

[0172] The intensities of the multiple processing lights EL (e.g., the intensities on the surface of the turbine blade BL) may be the same. Alternatively, the intensities of at least two of the multiple processing lights EL may be different. The shapes of the multiple processing lights EL (e.g., the shapes in a plane intersecting the traveling direction of the multiple processing lights EL or the plane intersecting the optical axis of the processing optical system 111) may be the same. Alternatively, the shapes of at least two of the multiple processing lights EL may be different.

[0173] (5-2) Second Modification When the machining system SYS processes the turbine blade BL (or any workpiece W, the same applies hereinafter) by irradiating the turbine blade BL with machining light EL, an oxide film (e.g., an oxide film containing at least one of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) may be formed on the surface of the processed turbine blade BL. In this case, the machining system SYS may perform post-processing to remove the oxide film after machining the turbine blade BL (e.g., after forming the riblet structure RB). For example, as shown in FIG. 28, which schematically shows the machining system SYS performing post-processing, the machining system SYS may perform removal processing as post-processing, in which the oxide film is removed by irradiating the oxide film with machining light EL.

[0174] Alternatively, the machining system SYS may machine the turbine blade BL so that an oxide film is less likely to form on the surface of the machined turbine blade BL. For example, one of the reasons why an oxide film forms on the surface of the machined turbine blade BL is the presence of oxygen in the internal space of the casing 4 in which the turbine blade BL is machined. For this reason, the machining system SYS may purge the internal space of the casing 4 with a purge gas other than oxygen, and machine the turbine blade BL in the internal space of the casing 4 purged with the purge gas. In this case, the machining system SYS may include a machine supply device 6 that supplies purge gas to the internal space of the casing 4, as shown in FIG. 29 .

[0175] The purge gas may contain an inert gas, such as at least one of nitrogen gas and argon gas.

[0176] (5-3) Other Modifications In the above description, the processing apparatus 1 is provided with the head drive system 12. However, the processing apparatus 1 does not have to be provided with the head drive system 12. In other words, the processing head 11 does not have to be movable. Also, in the above description, the processing apparatus 1 is provided with the stage drive system 14. However, the processing apparatus 1 does not have to be provided with the stage drive system 14. In other words, the stage 13 does not have to be movable.

[0177] In the above explanation, an example has been described in which the processing apparatus 1 forms a riblet structure RB on a metallic workpiece W (i.e., a base material), and an example has been described in which the processing apparatus 1 forms a riblet structure RB on a film coated on the surface of the workpiece W. However, the processing performed by the processing apparatus 1 is not limited to the above examples. For example, the processing apparatus 1 may form a riblet structure RB on the surface of the workpiece W, and the surface of the workpiece W on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be coated with a film. For example, when the processing apparatus 1 forms a riblet structure RB on a film coated on the surface of the workpiece W, the film on which the riblet structure RB is formed may be further coated with another film. In either example, the riblet structure RB may be coated with a film. In this case, the thickness of the film may be determined so that the function of the riblet structure RB is not reduced by the film coated on the riblet structure RB. For example, if the riblet structure RB is buried in the film, the function of the riblet structure RB may be reduced by the film, so the thickness of the film may be determined so that the riblet structure RB is not buried in the film. The film may be formed along the shape of the riblet structure RB (for example, along the convex structure 81 or groove structure 82) so that the function of the riblet structure RB is not reduced by the film coated on the riblet structure RB.

[0178] The processing device 1 may use a workpiece W having a film attached to its surface to form a riblet structure RB on the surface of the film. The film may be a resin film, a metallic film, or a film made of other materials.

[0179] The material of the above-mentioned film (or membrane) may be a material containing at least one of CrN, TiN, TiLN, Y2O3, ZrO2, MCrALY (or MCrAlY), NiCr, Wc (or WC), Al2O3-TiO2, Cr2O3, and water-soluble aluminum, or may be another material. Furthermore, the film coated on the surface of the metal workpiece W may have multiple layers. In this case, the material of a first layer of the multiple layers may be the same as or different from the material of a second layer of the multiple layers, which is different from the first layer of the multiple layers. For example, the material of at least one of the first layer and the second layer may or may not contain at least one of CrN, TiN, TiLN, Y2O3, ZrO2, MCrALY (or MCrAlY), NiCr, Wc (or WC), Al2O3-TiO2, Cr2O3, and water-soluble aluminum.

[0180] The effects produced by coating the workpiece W with a film (particularly, the effects produced on the workpiece W) may include at least one of the following effects: protecting the workpiece W, improving the heat insulation properties of the workpiece W, improving the heat resistance of the workpiece W, improving the corrosion resistance of the workpiece W, improving the wear resistance of the workpiece W, and improving the oxidation resistance of the workpiece W. The effects produced by forming a film on the riblet RB structure (i.e., the effects realized by the film) may include at least one of the following effects: protecting the riblet RB structure, improving the heat insulation properties of the riblet RB structure, improving the heat resistance of the riblet RB structure, improving the corrosion resistance of the riblet RB structure, improving the wear resistance of the riblet RB structure, and improving the oxidation resistance of the riblet RB structure. The effects produced by forming multiple layers of different materials on the workpiece W (e.g., forming a film including multiple layers of different materials) may include a peeling prevention effect. For example, the film to be formed on the workpiece W may be selected taking into consideration the difference in thermal expansion characteristics between the film close to the workpiece W and the workpiece W, and the difference in thermal expansion characteristics between the film far from the workpiece W and the workpiece W. If the difference in thermal expansion characteristics between the film close to the workpiece W and the workpiece W is smaller than the difference in thermal expansion characteristics between the film far from the workpiece W (for example, the film on which the riblet structure RB is formed) and the workpiece W, peeling of the riblet structure RB due to the film expanding due to heat can be suppressed.

[0181] In the above description, the machining system SYS forms a riblet structure RB that has the function of reducing the resistance of the surface of the workpiece W to the fluid. However, the machining system SYS may form a structure on the workpiece W that has a function different from the function of reducing the resistance of the surface of the workpiece W to the fluid. For example, the machining system SYS may form a riblet structure on the workpiece W to reduce noise generated when the fluid and the surface of the workpiece W move relative to each other. For example, the machining system SYS may form a riblet structure on the workpiece W that generates vortices in the flow of the fluid on the surface of the workpiece W. For example, the machining system SYS may form a structure on the workpiece W to impart hydrophobic properties to the surface of the workpiece W.

[0182] In the above description, the processing system SYS forms a riblet structure RB on the surface of the workpiece W. However, the processing system SYS may form any structure having any shape on the surface of the workpiece W. One example of the arbitrary structure is a structure that generates vortices in the fluid flow on the surface of the workpiece W. Another example of the arbitrary structure is a structure that imparts hydrophobicity to the surface of the workpiece W. Another example of the arbitrary structure is a regularly or irregularly formed micro- or nanometer-order fine texture structure (typically, a concave-convex structure including a mountain structure and a groove structure). The fine texture structure may include at least one of a shark skin structure and a dimple structure that has the function of reducing resistance by fluids (gas and / or liquid). The fine texture structure may also include a lotus leaf surface structure that has at least one of liquid-repellent and self-cleaning functions (e.g., a lotus effect). The fine texture structure may include at least one of a micro-protrusion structure having a liquid transport function (see U.S. Patent Publication No. 2017 / 0044002), a concave-convex structure having a lyophilic function, a convex-convex structure having an antifouling function, a moth-eye structure having at least one of a reflectance reduction function and a liquid repellency function, a convex-convex structure that exhibits structural color by intensifying only light of a specific wavelength through interference, a pillar array structure having an adhesive function utilizing van der Waals forces, a convex-convex structure having an aerodynamic noise reduction function, a honeycomb structure having a droplet collection function, a convex-convex structure that improves adhesion with a layer formed on the surface, a convex-convex structure for reducing frictional resistance, etc. Even in this case, the convex structures constituting the concave-convex structure may have a structure similar to the convex structures 81 constituting the riblet structure RB described above. The groove structure constituting the concave-convex structure may have a structure similar to the groove structures 82 constituting the riblet structure RB described above. Note that the fine texture structure does not necessarily have a specific function.

[0183] In the above description, the processing system SYS processes the workpiece W by irradiating the workpiece W with processing light EL. However, the processing system SYS may also process the workpiece W by irradiating the workpiece W with any energy beam other than light. In this case, the processing system SYS may be equipped with a beam irradiation device capable of irradiating any energy beam in addition to or instead of the processing light source 2. Examples of any energy beam include at least one of a charged particle beam and an electromagnetic wave. Examples of a charged particle beam include at least one of an electron beam and an ion beam.

[0184] (6) Modified riblet structure RB In the above description, as shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the convex structures 81 constituting the riblet structure RB protrude directly upward from the riblet structure surface BLs. However, as shown in Figure 30, which is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the riblet structure RB, the convex structures 81 may protrude obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs. For example, the convex structures 81 may protrude obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs so that the angle θ3 formed between the direction D in which the convex structures 81 protrude and the axis EX2 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction in which the convex structures 81 protrude) is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees. Note that the direction D in which the convex structures 81 protrude may be a direction connecting the center of the bottom of the convex structures 81 and the apex of the convex structures 81.

[0185] The processing system SYS may form a convex structure 81 that protrudes obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs when there is a restriction on the angle of incidence of the processing light EL on the riblet structure surface BLs. For example, the processing system SYS may form a convex structure 81 that protrudes obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs when it is not possible to irradiate the riblet structure surface BLs with processing light EL that is perpendicularly incident on the riblet structure surface BLs. For example, the processing system SYS may form a convex structure 81 that protrudes obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs when the processing light EL that is perpendicularly incident on the riblet structure surface BLs is blocked by an obstacle or the like before reaching the riblet structure surface BLs (i.e., vignetting occurs). However, the processing system SYS may form a convex structure 81 that protrudes obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs even when there is no restriction on the angle of incidence of the processing light EL on the riblet structure surface BLs.

[0186] A riblet structure RB composed of convex structures 81 protruding obliquely upward from the riblet structure surface BLs may also be manufactured using the mold ML. In this case, the convex structures 71 formed on the molding surface MLs of the mold ML may protrude obliquely upward from the molding surface MLs. For example, the convex structures 71 may protrude obliquely upward from the molding surface MLs so that the angle formed between the protruding direction of the convex structures 71 and the axis EX1 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the protruding direction of the convex structures 71) is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees. Note that the protruding direction of the convex structures 71 may be a direction connecting the center of the bottom of the convex structures 71 and the apex of the convex structures 71.

[0187] (7) Supplementary Notes The following additional notes are provided regarding the above-described embodiment. [Appendix 1] A mold used to injection mold an injection molded article having a vane placed in a fluid with a meltable material, comprising: a molding surface that contacts the material; On the forming surface, a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. At least one of a corner of the first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary portion between the first convex structure and the second convex structure adjacent along the third direction among the plurality of convex structures includes a curved surface. When the radius of curvature of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner and the boundary portion is R, the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P, and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction from the boundary portion is H, it satisfies the first condition of "1 micrometer < R < 4 micrometers", and satisfies at least one of the second condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the third condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers". Mold. [Appendix 2] The injection molded product includes a riblet structure surface formed by the plurality of convex structures. The riblet structure surface can reduce the resistance to the fluid. The mold according to Appendix 1. [Appendix 3] Further satisfies the fourth condition of "2 micrometers < R < 3 micrometers". The mold according to Appendix 1 or 2. [Appendix 4] The injection molded product is a member used for a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. The mold according to any one of Appendices 1 to 3. [Appendix 5] The first convex structure includes a pair of first side surfaces facing opposite sides. The corner connects the pair of first side surfaces through the ends of the pair of first side surfaces. The mold according to any one of Appendices 1 to 4. [Appendix 6] The first convex structure includes a second side surface facing the second convex structure. the second convex structure has a third side surface facing the first convex structure, The boundary portion connects the second side surface and the third side surface via an end portion of the second side surface and an end portion of the third side surface. 6. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 5. [Appendix 7] The plurality of convex structures are formed so as to be aligned along the molding surface. 7. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 6. [Appendix 8] The molding surface is a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction, and including a plurality of other convex structures formed therein, each of the other convex structures being connected to the plurality of convex structures; Including, the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region, As at least one of the plurality of other convex structures approaches the second region, the height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures decreases. The type described in Appendix 7. [Appendix 9] The molding surface is a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a fourth region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction; and Including, The inclination angle between the surface of the fifth region and the axis along the second direction is larger than the inclination angle between the side surface of the plurality of convex structures and the axis along the second direction. The type described in Appendix 7 or 8. [Appendix 10] The radius of curvature of the curved surface at a first portion of the forming surface is different from the radius of curvature of the curved surface at a second portion of the forming surface that is different from the first portion. 10. The mold according to any one of appendices 7 to 9. [Appendix 11] When the formation density of the convex structures in the first portion is higher than the formation density of the convex structures in the second portion, the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the first portion is larger than the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the second portion. The type described in Appendix 10. [Appendix 12] When the temperature of the first portion is lower than the temperature of the second portion during the injection molding period, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the first portion is larger than the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the second portion. 10 or 11. [Appendix 13] The height of at least one of the plurality of convex structures is equal to or less than the pitch of the plurality of convex structures. 13. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 12. [Appendix 14] The height of at least one of the plurality of convex structures is equal to or less than half the pitch of the plurality of convex structures. 14. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 13. [Appendix 15] The plurality of convex structures are regularly arranged along the third direction. 15. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 14. [Appendix 16] the plurality of convex structures are a plurality of fourth convex structures, A structured surface, which is the surface of the injection-molded product, has a riblet structure formed thereon, in which a plurality of fifth convex structures extending along a fifth direction along the structured surface and protruding from the structured surface are formed so as to be aligned along a sixth direction along the structured surface and intersecting the fifth direction, a plurality of grooves extending along the first direction are formed between the plurality of fourth convex structures so as to be aligned along the third direction; The molten material flowing into the grooves forms the fifth convex structures, respectively. 16. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 15. [Appendix 17] The direction in which the blade is removed from the mold is based on the extension direction of the plurality of convex structures. 17. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 16. [Appendix 18] The direction in which the blade is removed from the mold is a direction based on the average direction of the extension directions of the plurality of convex structures. 18. The mold according to any one of appendices 1 to 17. [Appendix 19] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; At least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary between the first convex structure and a second convex structure among the plurality of convex structures that are adjacent to each other along the third direction includes a curved surface. Type. [Appendix 20] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of groove-shaped structures extending in a first direction and recessed in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; The bottom of a first groove structure among the plurality of groove structures includes a curved surface portion. Type. [Appendix 21] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of groove-shaped structures extending in a first direction and recessed in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; Each of the plurality of groove structures has a triangular shape. Type. [Appendix 22] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; a first convex structure of the plurality of convex structures has a first inclined surface portion and a second inclined surface portion; a second convex structure of the plurality of convex structures has a third inclined surface portion and a fourth inclined surface portion, At least one of a corner portion connecting the first inclined surface portion and the second inclined surface portion and a boundary portion connecting the second inclined surface portion and the third inclined surface portion includes a curved surface. Type. [Appendix 23] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; At least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary between the first convex structure and a second convex structure among the plurality of convex structures that are adjacent to each other along the third direction includes a curved surface. Type. [Appendix 24] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; The molding surface is a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction, and including a plurality of other convex structures formed therein, each of the other convex structures being connected to the plurality of convex structures; Including, the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region, The height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures decreases toward the second region. Type. [Appendix 25] A mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; The molding surface is a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a fourth region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction; and Including, An inclination angle between the surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle between the side surface of the plurality of convex structures and the axis along the second direction. Type. [Appendix 26] The molded article is at least a part of a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. 26. The mold according to any one of claims 19 to 25. [Appendix 27] The molded product is at least a blade member or a wall member of a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. The type described in Appendix 26. [Appendix 28] A molded product formed using a mold, A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. At least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary portion between the first convex structure and a second convex structure adjacent along the third direction among the plurality of convex structures includes a curved surface. Molded product. [Appendix 29] A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. A first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; A second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; A third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction and in which a plurality of other convex structures each connected to the plurality of convex structures are formed including; the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region; the height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures decreases as it approaches the second region; When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, at least one of a first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and a second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Blade member. [Appendix 30] A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. A first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; A fourth region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; A fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction including the inclination angle formed by the surface of the fifth region and the axis along the second direction is greater than the inclination angle formed by the side surface of the plurality of convex structures and the axis along the second direction, when the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, satisfying at least one of the first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" blade member. [Appendix 31] The blade member is at least part of a fan, impeller, propeller, turbine, or pump The blade member according to Appendix 29 or 30. [Appendix 32] The blade member is a member of at least part of a fan, impeller, propeller, turbine, or pump The blade member according to Appendix 31. [Appendix 33] A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed, a second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed, a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction and in which a plurality of other convex structures respectively connected to the plurality of convex structures are formed including the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region, the height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures becomes lower as it approaches the second region a component installed in a fluid. [Appendix 34] A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a fourth region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction; and Including, An inclination angle between the surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle between the side surface of the plurality of convex structures and the axis along the second direction. A part that is placed in a fluid. [Appendix 35] The component is at least a portion of a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. 35. A part according to any one of clauses 33 or 34. [Appendix 36] The component is at least a blade or wall member of a fan, impeller, propeller, turbine, or pump. Parts as described in Appendix 35. [Appendix 37] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a mold, comprising the steps of: the mold is used to injection mold a meltable material into an injection molded article having a vane disposed in a fluid; the mold has a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; the plurality of convex structures are formed so that at least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary between the first convex structure and a second convex structure among the plurality of convex structures that are adjacent to each other along the third direction includes a curved surface; When the radius of curvature of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion and the boundary portion is R, the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P, and the height from the boundary portion of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, the first condition of "1 micrometer < R < 4 micrometers" is satisfied, and at least one of the second condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the third condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied, the plurality of convex structures are formed Manufacturing method. [Appendix 38] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a mold, The mold is used for molding a molded product with a meltable material, The mold includes a molding surface with which the material contacts, A plurality of convex structures that extend in a first direction and protrude in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction on the molding surface, The plurality of convex structures are formed such that at least one of the corner portion of the first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and the boundary portion of the first convex structure and the second convex structure adjacent along the third direction among the plurality of convex structures includes a curved surface, Manufacturing method. [Appendix 39] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a mold, The mold is a mold used for molding a molded product with a meltable material, The mold includes a molding surface with which the material contacts, A plurality of groove-shaped structures that extend in a first direction and are recessed in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed side by side along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction on the molding surface, The plurality of groove-shaped structures are formed such that the bottom of the first groove-shaped structure among the plurality of groove-shaped structures includes a curved surface portion, Manufacturing method. [Appendix 40] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a mold, The mold is a mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, the mold has a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of groove structures extending in a first direction and recessed in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; The plurality of convex structures are formed so that each of the plurality of groove structures has a trapezoidal shape. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 41] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a mold, comprising the steps of: The mold is a mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, the mold has a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; a first convex structure of the plurality of convex structures has a first inclined surface portion and a second inclined surface portion; a second convex structure of the plurality of convex structures has a third inclined surface portion and a fourth inclined surface portion, The plurality of convex structures are formed so that at least one of a corner portion connecting the first inclined surface portion and the second inclined surface portion and a boundary portion connecting the second inclined surface portion and the third inclined surface portion includes a curved surface. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 42] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a mold, comprising the steps of: The mold is a mold used to mold a molded article from a meltable material, the mold has a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; The plurality of convex structures are formed so that at least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary between the first convex structure and a second convex structure among the plurality of convex structures that are adjacent to each other along the third direction includes a curved surface. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 43] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a molded product using a mold, a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; The plurality of convex structures are formed so that at least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary between the first convex structure and a second convex structure among the plurality of convex structures that are adjacent to each other along the third direction includes a curved surface. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 44] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a blade member, comprising: a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; the plurality of convex structures and the plurality of other convex structures are formed so that the blade member includes a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed, a second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed, and a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction and in which a plurality of other convex structures connected to each of the plurality of convex structures are formed, forming the plurality of other convex structures so that the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region and the height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures decreases as it approaches the second region; When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, the plurality of convex structures are formed such that at least one of the first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 45] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a blade member, A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed so as to be arranged along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. The blade member is formed with the plurality of convex structures so as to include a first region where the plurality of convex structures are formed, a fourth region where the plurality of convex structures are not formed, and a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction. The plurality of convex structures are formed such that an inclination angle formed by the surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle formed by a side surface of the plurality of convex structures and an axis along the second direction. When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, the plurality of convex structures are formed such that at least one of the first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 46] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a component installed in a fluid, A plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed so as to be arranged along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of convex structures and the plurality of other convex structures are formed such that the component includes a first region where the plurality of convex structures are formed, a second region where the plurality of convex structures are not formed, and a third region that is located between the first region and the second region along the first direction and where a plurality of other convex structures each connected to the plurality of convex structures are formed. The plurality of other convex structures are formed to extend from the first region toward the second region, and at least one height of the plurality of other convex structures decreases as it approaches the second region. When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, the plurality of convex structures are formed such that at least one of the first condition “5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers” and the second condition “2.5 micrometers < H < hundred micrometers” is satisfied. Manufacturing method. [Appendix 47] A manufacturing method for manufacturing a component installed in a fluid, A plurality of convex structures that extend in a first direction and protrude in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed to be arranged along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of convex structures are formed such that the component includes a first region where the plurality of convex structures are formed, a fourth region where the plurality of convex structures are not formed, and a fifth region that is located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction. The plurality of convex structures are formed such that an inclination angle formed by the surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle formed by a side surface of the plurality of convex structures and the axis along the second direction. When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, the plurality of convex structures are formed such that at least one of the first condition "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the second condition "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Manufacturing method.

[0188] The requirements of each of the above embodiments can be combined as appropriate. Some of the requirements of each of the above embodiments may not be used. The requirements of each of the above embodiments can be replaced with the requirements of other embodiments as appropriate. Also, as long as permitted by law, all the disclosures of the published gazettes and U.S. patents related to the devices etc. cited in each of the above embodiments are incorporated as part of the description of this text.

[0189] Further, the present invention can be appropriately modified within a range not contrary to the gist or idea of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification, and the molds, molded products, blade members, parts, and manufacturing methods involving such modifications are also included in the technical idea of the present invention.

Explanation of Signs

[0190] 1 Processing device 5 Design device W Workpiece BL Turbine blade BLs Riblet structure surface RB Riblet structure 81 Convex structure 811, 812 Side surfaces 813 Corner 814 Boundary 82 Groove structure ML type MLs Forming surface SP Forming space MB Forming structure 71 Convex structure 711, 712 Side surfaces 713 Corner 714 Boundary 72 Groove structure W11, W111, W112, W211, W212 forming areas W12, W121, W122, W221, W222 Non-forming domains W13, W131, W132, W231, W232 terminal fields Terminal structure of TB, TB1, and TB2

Claims

1. A mold used to injection mold an injection molded article having a vane placed in a fluid with a meltable material, comprising: a molding surface that contacts the material; a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed on the molding surface so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction; at least one of a corner of a first convex structure among the plurality of convex structures and a boundary between the first convex structure and a second convex structure among the plurality of convex structures that are adjacent to each other along the third direction includes a curved surface, When the radius of curvature of the curved surface included in at least one of the corner portion and the boundary portion is R, the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P, and the height from the boundary portion of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, the first condition of "1 micrometer < R < 4 micrometers" is satisfied, and at least one of the second condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the third condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Type.

2. The injection-molded product includes a riblet structure surface formed by the plurality of convex structures, The riblet structure surface can reduce resistance to the fluid. The mold of claim 1.

3. The fourth condition, "2 micrometers < R < 3 micrometers," is also met. A mold according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The injection molded product is a member used in a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. the first convex structure has a pair of first side surfaces facing opposite to each other, The corner portions connect the pair of first side surfaces via the ends of the pair of first side surfaces. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. the first convex structure has a second side surface facing the second convex structure; the second convex structure has a third side surface facing the first convex structure, The boundary portion connects the second side surface and the third side surface via an end portion of the second side surface and an end portion of the third side surface. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The plurality of convex structures are formed so as to be aligned along the molding surface. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The molding surface is a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction, and in which a plurality of other convex structures connected to the plurality of convex structures are formed; Including, the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region, As at least one of the plurality of other convex structures approaches the second region, the height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures decreases.

8. The mold of claim 7.

9. The molding surface is a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a fourth region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction; and Including, An inclination angle formed between a surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle formed between a side surface of the plurality of convex structures and an axis along the second direction. A mold according to claim 7 or 8.

10. The radius of curvature of the curved surface at a first portion of the forming surface is different from the radius of curvature of the curved surface at a second portion of the forming surface that is different from the first portion. A mold according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

11. When the formation density of the convex structures in the first portion is higher than the formation density of the convex structures in the second portion, the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the first portion is larger than the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the second portion. The mold of claim 10.

12. When the temperature of the first portion is lower than the temperature of the second portion during the injection molding period, the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the first portion is larger than the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the second portion. A mold according to claim 10 or 11.

13. The height of at least one of the plurality of convex structures is equal to or less than the pitch of the plurality of convex structures. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The height of at least one of the plurality of convex structures is equal to or less than half the pitch of the plurality of convex structures. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The plurality of convex structures are regularly arranged along the third direction. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. the plurality of convex structures are a plurality of fourth convex structures, a structure surface that is the surface of the injection-molded product has a riblet structure formed thereon, in which a plurality of fifth convex structures extending along a fifth direction along the structure surface and protruding from the structure surface are formed so as to be aligned along a sixth direction that is along the structure surface and intersects with the fifth direction; a plurality of grooves extending along the first direction are formed between the plurality of fourth convex structures so as to be aligned along the third direction; The molten material flowing into the grooves forms the fifth convex structures. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The direction in which the blade is removed from the mold is based on the extension direction of the plurality of convex structures. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The direction in which the blade is removed from the mold is a direction based on the average direction of the extension directions of the plurality of convex structures. A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a second region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a third region located between the first region and the second region along the first direction, and in which a plurality of other convex structures connected to the plurality of convex structures are formed; Including, the plurality of other convex structures extend from the first region toward the second region, a height of at least one of the plurality of other convex structures decreases toward the second region, When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, at least one of the first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Feather material.

20. a plurality of convex structures extending in a first direction and protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction are formed so as to be aligned along a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, a first region in which the plurality of convex structures are formed; a fourth region in which the plurality of convex structures are not formed; a fifth region located between the first region and the fourth region along the third direction; and Including, an inclination angle between a surface of the fifth region and an axis along the second direction is larger than an inclination angle between a side surface of the plurality of convex structures and an axis along the second direction; When the pitch of the plurality of convex structures is P and the height of the plurality of convex structures protruding in the second direction is H, at least one of the first condition of "5 micrometers < P < 200 micrometers" and the second condition of "2.5 micrometers < H < 100 micrometers" is satisfied. Feather material.

21. The blade member is at least a part of a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. The blade member according to claim 19 or 20.

22. The blade member is at least a part of a fan, an impeller, a propeller, a turbine, or a pump. The blade member of claim 21.

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