Storage
The storage facility addresses wireless module placement issues by using a resin control panel box to avoid metal interference and foreign matter, ensuring effective communication and maintenance in metal-shelled storage facilities.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024124769
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing storage facilities with metal outer shells and electrical boxes pose challenges for wireless module placement due to potential dead zones, dust accumulation, oily smoke interference, and water intrusion, affecting wireless communication and maintenance.
A storage facility design with a control panel box made of resin, housing a wireless module and display board, positioned to avoid metal interference and foreign matter, connected via cables that avoid high-voltage noise, allowing easy maintenance and efficient communication.
Ensures effective wireless communication without metal interference, prevents foreign matter adherence, and maintains thermal insulation while simplifying maintenance by integrating the wireless module within a resin control panel box.
Smart Images

Figure 2026023057000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a reservoir. [Background technology]
[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a refrigerator in which a wireless module is appropriately arranged in the refrigerator body. This refrigerator includes a control board that controls each mechanism of the refrigerator, a storage unit that is provided in the refrigerator body and stores the control board, and a wireless module that is provided in the storage unit and performs wireless communication with the outside. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]
[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-071210 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0004] The present disclosure provides a repository in which a communication unit can be appropriately arranged. [Means for solving the problem]
[0005] The storage facility in the present disclosure includes a machine room on top of the storage facility body, a control panel box arranged within the machine room and having a display unit that displays specified information on the front panel of the machine room, and a communication unit arranged in the control panel box. [Effects of the Invention]
[0006] According to the present disclosure, the communication unit can be appropriately arranged. [Brief explanation of the drawings]
[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vertical storage unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 2]Storage facility floor plan [Figure 3] Perspective view of the control panel box [Figure 4] Exploded perspective view of the control panel box DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0008] (Findings that formed the basis of this disclosure) At the time the inventors came up with the idea for this disclosure, there was technology available for a storage facility that had an open-topped machine room on top of the storage facility body, was equipped with a wireless module, and enabled temperature recording and real-time monitoring of operating data.
[0009] However, in some storage facilities, the outer shell and electrical box are made of metal. In this case, depending on the location of the wireless module, it may become a dead zone, making it difficult to incorporate the wireless module into the electrical box. Furthermore, the inventors discovered a problem that, depending on the environment in which the storage facility is installed, the wireless module may be affected by the accumulation of dust and oily smoke in the air, or by water intrusion. In order to solve this problem, the present disclosure constitutes the subject matter. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a storage unit in which the communication unit can be appropriately arranged.
[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, unnecessary detailed description may be omitted. For example, detailed description of well-known matters or redundant description of substantially the same configuration may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. The accompanying drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.
[0011] (Embodiment) Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In each figure, the symbol FR indicates the front of the storage cabinet 1 in the installed state, the symbol UP indicates the upper side of the storage cabinet 1, and the symbol LH indicates the left side of the storage cabinet 1. In the following description, each direction is along the direction of the storage cabinet 1. In the following description, the surface on which the opening 2B is provided is referred to as the front side, and the direction that the front side faces is referred to as the forward side. In addition, the direction along the vertical direction in the installed state of the storage cabinet 1 is referred to as the up-down direction, and the direction along the horizontal direction is referred to as the front-rear direction and the left-right direction.
[0012] [1-1.Configuration] [1-1-1. Storage structure] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a storage 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1, the storage cabinet 1 is a vertical refrigerator having a machine compartment 6 provided at the top. The storage cabinet 1 includes a storage cabinet main body 2, a plurality of heat-insulating doors 4, and the machine compartment 6.
[0013] The storage body 2 comprises an outer box 5 that opens at the front, an inner box 7 that is housed inside the outer box 5 and also opens at the front, and a heat insulating material provided in the space between the outer box 5 and the inner box 7. The storage body 2 is a box body with an insulated wall formed by filling the space surrounded by the outer box 5 and the inner box 7 with an insulating material. In this embodiment, the outer box 5 and the inner box 7 are both integrally formed from a metal material such as a stainless steel plate. The insulating material may be polystyrene foam, hard urethane foam, or the like. The outer box 5 and the inner box 7 correspond to the "casing" of the present disclosure.
[0014] The outer box 5 and the inner box 7 are not limited to being made of metal, but may be made of hard resin such as ABS resin, etc. Also, the outer box 5 and the inner box 7 may be made of a combination of metal and hard resin. For example, the storage body 2 may be formed by combining a plate-like member such as a steel plate formed into a housing shape with an insulating wall formed by filling the inside of the housing with insulating material.
[0015] The multiple heat-insulating doors 4 are rectangular doors that openably and closably close the opening 2B of the storage body 2. The storage body 1 of this embodiment is provided with two sets of heat-insulating doors 4, one above the other, each set consisting of a pair of heat-insulating doors 4 arranged in the left-right direction. At least the front surface of each of the heat-insulating doors 4 is made of a metal material such as a stainless steel plate.
[0016] These insulated doors 4 are arranged with one side adjacent to each other. Hinges 9 are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of each insulated door 4 at locations on the other side of the insulated door 4. Each of the pair of insulated doors 4 can be opened and closed in the left-right direction of the storage facility 1 by these hinges 9. In other words, the pair of insulated doors 4 are so-called double-door doors. In this embodiment, the pair of insulated doors 4 are so-called double-door doors formed symmetrically on the left and right. Note that the pair of insulated doors 4 do not have to be formed symmetrically on the left and right as long as they are double-door doors. Handles 8 are provided on the front surface of each of the heat-insulating doors 4 at positions close to the adjacent side surfaces in the left-right direction.
[0017] [1-1-2. Machine room configuration] Fig. 2 is a plan view of the storage facility 1. For ease of explanation, in Fig. 2, the connection cables 62, 72 and the high voltage cable 31 are indicated by two-dot chain lines. As shown in Figure 1, the machine room 6 is located on the top surface of the storage body 2. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the front of the machine room 6 is surrounded by a front panel 10, and the left and right sides are surrounded by side panels 12, 14, respectively, and a rear frame 16 is provided on the rear side. Each of the front panel 10, side panels 12, 14, and rear frame 16 is formed into a plate shape from a metal material such as stainless steel plate, and is provided to stand upright from the top surface of the storage body 2. The machine room 6 is formed with an open top surface.
[0018] 1, a display opening 17, which is a through-hole that connects the inside and outside of the machine chamber 6, is provided at a predetermined location on the front panel 10. The display opening 17 is provided at the left end of the front panel 10. A transparent member made of a resin material or the like may be fitted into the display opening 17.
[0019] A refrigeration unit 20 that forms a refrigeration cycle is housed inside the machine room 6. The refrigeration unit 20 includes a compressor 22, a condenser 24, a condenser blower 26 (FIG. 2), refrigerant piping 28, and an evaporator 29. The refrigeration unit 20 also includes a throttling mechanism such as a capillary tube or a throttle valve. When the refrigeration unit 20 is driven, cold air is sent into the storage chamber 2A of the storage facility 1. In this embodiment, the evaporator 29 is provided inside the storage facility main body 2.
[0020] An electrical equipment box 30 is housed in the machine room 6. The electrical equipment box 30 houses, for example, a control board and the like that functions as a control unit that controls each part of the storage facility 1. As shown in Fig. 2, a high-voltage cable 31 is connected to the electrical equipment box 30. Power supplied from, for example, a commercial power source flows through the high-voltage cable 31, and a high voltage of 100 V or more is applied to the high-voltage cable 31. The high voltage cable 31 corresponds to the "high voltage section" of the present disclosure.
[0021] [1-1-3. Control Panel Box Configuration] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the control panel box 40. As shown in FIG. A control panel box 40 is provided in the machine room 6. As shown in Fig. 3, the control panel box 40 is formed in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped box. As shown in Fig. 2, the control panel box 40 is attached to the front edge of the top surface of the storage main body 2.
[0022] As shown in Fig. 3, a display unit 42 that can display numbers and various information by lighting up is provided on the front of the control panel box 40. As shown in Fig. 1, the control panel box 40 is arranged so that its front surface faces the front panel 10, and the display unit 42 is positioned so that it overlaps the display opening 17 when viewed from the front. By viewing the display unit 42 through the display opening 17, the user can check various information related to the storage facility 1, such as the temperature inside the storage facility 1 and the operating status.
[0023] 3, a plurality of switches 39 are provided on the front surface of the control panel box 40. By operating the switches 39, a user can perform predetermined operations related to the storage cabinet 1, such as controlling the temperature inside the storage cabinet 1.
[0024] Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the control panel box 40. For ease of explanation, the wireless module 70 and the connection cables 62, 72 fitted into the holder 48 are shown by two-dot chain lines in Fig. 4. 4, the control panel box 40 includes a box body 44. The box body 44 is made of a resin material and is a box-shaped member with an open front. A mounting portion 46 protruding rearward is provided on the rear panel portion 41 that forms the rear surface of the box body 44. The control panel box 40 is attached to the top surface of the storage body 2 by fastening members such as screws that are inserted into the mounting portion 46. The rear plate portion 41 is provided with an insertion hole 49 which is a through-hole that penetrates in the plate thickness direction.
[0025] A holding portion 48 is provided on the rear plate portion 41. The holding portion 48 is formed by being surrounded by a plurality of ribs 47 standing from the rear surface of the box body 44 and the top plate portion 43 that forms the top surface of the box body 44. Therefore, the holding portion 48 is located at the top end of the box body 44 that is separated from the bottom plate portion 45 that forms the bottom surface of the box body 44, and is arranged above the insertion hole 49. The holding portion 48 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front.
[0026] The front surface of the box body 44 is closed by a front cover 50. The front cover 50 is made of a resin material and has a plurality of through holes 51. A cover rib 52 that protrudes rearward is provided on the back surface of the front cover 50 over the entire circumferential direction. A sheet member 54 made of, for example, a thin resin material is attached to the entire front surface of the front cover 50.
[0027] A display board 60 is housed inside the control panel box 40. The display board 60 is arranged so that its flat surface faces the rear surface of the front cover 50, and its entire peripheral edge is held inside the cover ribs 52, thereby being held by the front cover 50.
[0028] A plurality of switch elements, a switch control circuit, a plurality of LEDs, an LED control circuit, etc. are mounted on the display substrate 60. Each of the switches and LEDs mounted on the display substrate 60 is attached at a position overlapping with the through-hole 51. As a result, for example, the LED inserted in the through-hole 51 functions as the display unit 42, and the switch element inserted in the through-hole 51 functions as the switch 39. The control panel box 40 may accommodate not only one display board 60 but also a plurality of display boards 60 therein.
[0029] A wireless module 70 is housed inside the control panel box 40. The wireless module 70 has a communication circuit, an antenna, and the like mounted on a board. The wireless module 70 transmits and receives information to and from devices outside the storage facility 1 via wireless communication using any communication standard or technology, such as LTE (registered trademark) (Long Term Evolution), Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or LPWA (Low Power Wide Area). The wireless module 70 corresponds to the "communication unit" in this disclosure.
[0030] The wireless module 70 is held by the holding portion 48 by the peripheral edge of the substrate abutting against each of the ribs 47 of the holding portion 48 and the top plate portion 43. When the wireless module 70 is held by the holding portion 48, the plane of the substrate is arranged to face and be substantially parallel to the plane of the display substrate 60 and the rear plate portion 41.
[0031] The wireless module 70 arranged in this manner is arranged so that the entirety of the wireless module 70 overlaps the display board 60 when the control panel box 40 is viewed from the front. This allows the wireless module 70 and the display board 60 to be housed in a smaller space inside the control panel box 40. As a result, in the storage facility 1, the control panel box 40 can be made smaller.
[0032] In addition, in the storage facility 1, the wireless module 70 is housed in the control panel box 40 as a unit separate from the display board 60, which makes it easy to attach and detach the display board 60 and the wireless module 70, thereby simplifying maintenance work.
[0033] Connection cables 62, 72 are connected to the display board 60 and the wireless module 70, respectively. The connection cables 62, 72 are, for example, communication lines or power lines that connect the display board 60 and the wireless module 70 to the electrical box 30. Predetermined signals are transmitted and received between the display board 60, the wireless module 70, and the electrical box 30 via the connection cables 62, 72. An excitation voltage of, for example, about 5 V is applied from the electrical box 30 via the connection cables 62 and 72 to excite the display board 60 and the wireless module 70 . The connection cables 62 and 72 extend from the display board 60 and the wireless module 70, respectively, and extend to the outside of the control panel box 40 through the insertion holes 49.
[0034] As described above, the holding portion 48 is disposed above the insertion hole 49, and therefore the connection cable 62 connected to the holding portion 48 faces downward as it approaches the insertion hole 49. As a result, even if a foreign object such as moisture enters the control panel box 40 along the connection cable 62, the foreign object is prevented from reaching the wireless module 70.
[0035] In addition, the holding portion 48 is located at the upper end of the box body 44. Therefore, even if foreign matter such as dust or dirt gets into the control panel box 40 through gaps in the control panel box 40 or through the insertion hole 49, the foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the wireless module 70. In this embodiment, a sheet-like sealing material 56 is attached to the rear panel portion 41 in the insertion hole 49 .
[0036] 2, connection cables 62, 72 extending from control panel box 40 are routed at positions spaced apart from high-voltage cable 31, and both are connected to electrical box 30. More specifically, connection cables 62, 72 are routed at positions that do not intersect with high-voltage cable 31, and are connected to electrical box 30.
[0037] This prevents noise emitted from the high-voltage cable 31 from reaching the display board 60 and the wireless module 70 through the connection cables 62, 72 in the storage facility 1. This prevents interference with the operation of the display board 60 and the wireless module 70 and with the communication of the wireless module 70. The connection cables 62, 72 are not limited to the high voltage cable 31, and may be routed to a location that avoids devices that generate noise or devices to which high voltage is applied, such as the condenser blower 26.
[0038] [1-2. Operation] The operation of the storage 1 configured as above will be described below. The storage facility 1 is configured to be able to communicate with external devices such as a terminal device or a server device via the wireless module 70. Because the storage facility 1 has a storage facility body 2 and a heat-insulating door 4 made of metal materials, there is a risk that signals may be blocked depending on the position of the wireless module 70.
[0039] In the storage facility 1 of the present disclosure, the wireless module 70 is housed in a control panel box 40 arranged in the machine room 6. The control panel box 40 is made of a resin material, and the top surface of the machine room 6 is open. This allows the wireless module 70 to transmit and receive signals without being blocked by metal materials provided in the storage facility 1.
[0040] In addition, the wireless module 70 is disposed on the rear side of the control panel box 40, and is therefore disposed at a position separated from the front panel 10. Therefore, the wireless module 70 can transmit and receive signals without being blocked by the front panel 10.
[0041] As described above, the storage cabinet 1 is a refrigerator, and therefore may be placed in a space where dust, dirt, mist-like grease, moisture, and the like adhere. In the storage cabinet 1 of the present disclosure, the wireless module 70 is housed inside the control panel box 40. This prevents foreign matter from adhering to the wireless module 70 in the storage cabinet 1. In addition, since the wireless module 70 is housed in the control panel box 40 that houses the display board 60, the storage facility 1 can prevent foreign matter from adhering to the wireless module 70 without having to install a new shielding member to shield the wireless module 70 from foreign matter. [1-3. Effects, etc.]
[0042] As described above, in this embodiment, the storage facility 1 includes a machine room 6 with an open top at the top of the storage facility main body 2. The machine room 6 houses a refrigeration unit 20 that forms a refrigeration cycle and an electrical box 30. The front panel 10 of the machine room 6 is provided with a control panel box 40 having a display unit 22 that displays predetermined information. A wireless module 70 is disposed in the control panel box 40. This allows the wireless module 70 to transmit and receive signals without being shielded by the metal material of the storage facility 1. In addition, the storage facility 1 can prevent foreign matter from adhering to the wireless module 70 without providing a new shielding member that shields the wireless module 70 from foreign matter.
[0043] As in this embodiment, the control panel box 40 comprises a box body 44 and a display board 60 housed in the box body 44, and the wireless module 70 may be positioned inside the box body 44 above the bottom surface of the box body 44. As a result, even if foreign matter such as dust or dirt enters the storage facility 1 through gaps in the control panel box 40 or through the insertion holes 49, the foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the wireless module 70.
[0044] As in this embodiment, the wireless module 70 may be provided at a position where it overlaps the display substrate 60. This allows the wireless module 70 and the display board 60 to be housed in a smaller space inside the control panel box 40. As a result, the control panel box 40 in the storage facility 1 can be made smaller.
[0045] As in this embodiment, the box body 44 may be made of a resin material. This allows the wireless module 70 to transmit and receive signals without being blocked by the box 44.
[0046] As in this embodiment, the wireless module 70 is connected to the electrical box 30 via a connection cable 72 , and the connection cable 72 may be routed so as to avoid the high-voltage cable 31 . This prevents noise emitted from the high-voltage cable 31 from reaching the display board 60 and the wireless module 70 through the connection cables 62, 72 in the storage facility 1. This prevents interference with the operation of the display board 60 and the wireless module 70 and with the communication of the wireless module 70.
[0047] As in this embodiment, the storage body 2 comprises an outer box 5 and an inner box 7 made of a metal material, and an insulated door 4 made of a metal material arranged on the front of the outer box 5 and the inner box 7, and the front panel 10 may also be made of a metal material. According to this, the wireless module 70 is housed in a control panel box 40 made of a resin material and placed in a machine room 6 with an open top. In the storage facility 1, communication of the wireless module 70 can be achieved without reducing the thermal insulation performance of the storage facility body.
[0048] (Other embodiments) As described above, the embodiments have been described as examples of the technology disclosed in this application. However, the technology in this disclosure is not limited to these, and can be applied to embodiments in which modifications, substitutions, additions, omissions, etc. are made. Furthermore, it is also possible to combine the components described in the above embodiments to create new embodiments. Therefore, other embodiments will be exemplified below.
[0049] In the embodiment, the storage facility 1 includes one wireless module 70. However, this is not limiting, and the storage facility 1 may include multiple wireless modules 70 inside the control panel box 40. In this case, the wireless modules 70 may be arranged so that their planes are substantially parallel to each other and so that they entirely overlap when viewed from the front. Furthermore, for example, the wireless module 70 may be provided integrally with the display substrate 60. In this case, the display substrate 60 may be formed as a unit having a display function and a communication function, with a communication circuit and an antenna mounted thereon.
[0050] Furthermore, for example, the control panel box 40 may be provided integrally with the electrical box 30. In this case, the portion of the electrical box 30 that corresponds to the control panel box 40 is formed from a resin material.
[0051] It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the technology of the present disclosure, and various modifications, substitutions, additions, omissions, etc. may be made within the scope of the claims or their equivalents.
[0052] (Addendum) The above description of the embodiments discloses the following techniques.
[0053] (Technology 1) A storage facility that includes a machine room on top of the storage facility body, a control panel box that is placed inside the machine room and has a display unit that displays predetermined information on the front panel of the machine room, and a communication unit that is placed in the control panel box. This allows the communication unit to transmit and receive signals without being blocked by the metal material of the storage facility. In addition, the storage facility does not need to provide a new shielding member to shield the communication unit from foreign matter, and foreign matter can be prevented from adhering to the communication unit.
[0054] (Technology 2) The control panel box comprises a box body and a cover that covers the opening of the box body, and the communication unit is positioned inside the box body, above the bottom surface of the box body, in a storage facility described in Technology 1. This prevents foreign matter such as dust and dirt from adhering to the communication unit even if the foreign matter enters the storage facility through gaps in the control panel box.
[0055] (Technology 3) The storage container according to Technology 2, wherein the communication unit is provided at a position overlapping the display substrate. This allows the communication unit and the display board to be housed in a smaller space inside the control panel box, which allows the control panel box to be made smaller in size in the storage facility.
[0056] (Technology 4) The storage facility according to Technology 2 or Technology 3, wherein the box body is formed from a resin material. This allows the communication unit to transmit and receive signals without being blocked by the box body.
[0057] (Technology 5) A storage facility described in any one of Technology 1 to Technology 4, wherein an electrical equipment box is housed in the machine room, the communication unit is connected to the electrical equipment box via a connection cable, and the connection cable is wired to avoid high-voltage units. This prevents noise emitted by the high-voltage unit in the storage facility from reaching the communication unit through the connection cable, thereby preventing interference with the operation of the communication unit and communication by the communication unit in the storage facility.
[0058] (Technology 6) The storage facility according to Technology 4, wherein the box body has an insertion hole through which the connection cable is inserted, and the communication unit is disposed above the insertion hole. Reservoir as described in technique 5. This prevents foreign matter such as dust and dirt from adhering to the communication unit even if the foreign matter enters the storage facility through the insertion hole of the control panel box.
[0059] (Technology 7) The storage facility according to any one of Technology 1 to Technology 6, wherein the communication unit is a wireless module. This allows the communication unit to be easily installed or replaced in the storage facility.
[0060] (Technology 8) A storage container described in any one of Technology 1 to Technology 6, wherein the storage container body comprises a housing made of a metal material and a door made of a metal material arranged on the front of the housing, and the front panel is made of a metal material. According to this, the communication unit is housed in a control panel box made of a resin material and placed in a machine room with an open top. In the storage facility, communication between the communication unit can be achieved without reducing the thermal insulation performance of the storage facility body. [Industrial Applicability]
[0061] The present disclosure is applicable to a storage facility provided with a communication unit, specifically, to an upright commercial refrigerator-freezer or the like. [Explanation of symbols]
[0062] 1. Storage 2. Storage facility body 2A Storage Room 2B opening 4. Insulated door 5 Outer box 6 Machine room 7 Inner box 8 Handle 9 Hinge 10 Front Panel 12 Side Panel 14 Side Panel 16 Rear frame 17 Display aperture 20 Refrigeration equipment 22 Compressor 24 Condenser 26 Condenser fan 28 Refrigerant piping 29 Evaporator 30 Electrical box 31 High voltage cable (high voltage section) 39 Switch 40 Control Panel Box 41 Rear plate part 42 Display section 43 Top plate part 44 Box body 45 Bottom plate part 46 Mounting part 47 Ribs 48 Holding part 49 Insertion hole 50 Front cover 51 Through hole 52 Cover Rib 54 Sheet material 56 Sealing material 60 Display board 62 Connection cable 70 Wireless module (communication unit) 72 Connection Cable
Claims
1. A machine room is provided on top of the storage body, a control panel box arranged in the machine room and having a display unit that displays predetermined information on a front panel of the machine room; A communication unit is disposed in the control panel box. Storage facility.
2. The control panel box The box body and a display substrate housed in the box; Equipped with The communication unit is disposed inside the box body and above a bottom surface of the box body. The storage facility of claim 1 .
3. The communication unit is provided at a position overlapping the display substrate. The storage facility of claim 2.
4. The box body is formed of a resin material. The storage facility according to claim 2 or claim 3.
5. The machine room houses an electrical equipment box, the communication unit is connected to the electrical box via a connection cable, The connection cable is routed to avoid high voltage sections. A storage facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
6. The box body is provided with an insertion hole through which the connection cable is inserted, The communication unit is disposed above the insertion hole. The storage facility of claim 5.
7. The communication unit is a wireless module. A storage facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
8. The storage body includes: a housing made of a metal material; a metal door disposed on the front surface of the housing; Equipped with The front panel is made of a metal material. A storage facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Refrigerator
JP2021071210A