Laminate and polarizing laminate

Abstract

To provide a laminate or the like capable of suppressing deterioration of retardation performance under a high temperature condition.SOLUTION: The laminate includes a first protective layer, a liquid crystal cured layer, and a second protective layer in this order. A total light transmission of the laminate in a front direction is 80% or more, a moisture permeability of the laminate is 20g / m2 / day or less, an a * value of a single color of the laminate is - 5.0 to 4.0 and a b * value of a single color of the laminate is - 5.0 to 7.0, the a * value and the b * value being measured by making light incident in a normal direction of a front face of the first protection layer from the first protection layer side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate and a polarizing laminate. [Background technology]

[0002] A laminate having a structure in which a cured liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of protective layers is known. Such a laminate can function as a retardation layer and can be used in liquid crystal displays, OLEDs, etc. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-57646 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, it has been found that when conventional laminates are exposed to high temperature conditions in a state where they are laminated with a polarizing plate, the retardation performance often deteriorates.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has an object to provide a laminate or the like that can suppress deterioration of retardation performance under high temperature conditions. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] [1] A laminate including a first protective layer, a liquid crystal cured layer, and a second protective layer in this order, The total light transmittance in the front direction of the laminate is 80% or more, The moisture permeability of the laminate is 20 g / m 2 / day or less, the a* value of the single hue of the laminate measured by irradiating light from the first protective layer side in a normal direction to the surface of the first protective layer is −5.0 to 4.0; A laminate having a b* value of a single hue of -5.0 to 7.0. [2] The laminate according to [1], wherein the thickness of the first protective layer is 0.1 μm or more and 70 μm or less. [3] The laminate according to [1] or [2], wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal cured layer is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. [4] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the second protective layer has a thickness of 10 μm or more and 70 μm or less. [5] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], further comprising a functional layer between the liquid crystal cured layer and the second protective layer. [6] The laminate according to [5], wherein the thickness of the functional layer is 0.01 μm or more and 7 μm or less. [7] The moisture permeability of the first protective layer is 300 g / m 2 / day or less. [8] The moisture permeability of the second protective layer is 100 g / m 2 / day or less. [9] The moisture permeability of the functional layer is 300 g / m 2 / day or less.

[10] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the total light reflectance in the front direction of the laminate is 10% or less.

[11] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein the liquid crystal cured layer satisfies the following formula (1): nx>ny≒nz (1) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer. ny represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer. nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer.)

[12] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[11] , wherein the liquid crystal cured layer satisfies the following formula (2): nx≒ny <nz (2) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer. ny represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer. nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer.)

[13] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[12] , wherein the first protective layer has an in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of 5 nm or less at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[14] The laminate according to [5] or [6], wherein the in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of the functional layer at a wavelength of 550 nm is 5 nm or less.

[15] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[14] , wherein the second protective layer satisfies the following formula (1): nx>ny≒nz (1) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer; ny represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the nx direction in the plane of the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer; and nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer.)

[16] A polarizing laminate comprising a polarizing plate and the laminate according to any one of [1] to

[15] , A polarizing laminate comprising the polarizing plate, the first protective layer, the cured liquid crystal layer, and the second protective layer laminated in this order.

[17] A polarizing laminate comprising a polarizing plate and the laminate according to any one of [5] to

[15] , A polarizing laminate comprising the polarizing plate, the first protective layer, the liquid crystal cured layer, the functional layer, and the second protective layer laminated in this order.

[18] The polarizing laminate according to

[16] or

[17] , wherein the first protective layer and the liquid crystal cured layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.

[19] The polarizing laminate according to any one of

[16] to

[18] , wherein the first protective layer and the liquid crystal cured layer are laminated via an adhesive layer.

[20] The polarizing laminate according to any one of

[16] to

[19] , wherein the liquid crystal cured layer and the functional layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.

[21] The polarizing laminate according to any one of

[16] to

[21] , wherein the functional layer and the second protective layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.

[22] An image display device comprising the polarizing laminate according to any one of

[16] to

[21] . [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, a laminate or the like capable of suppressing deterioration of retardation performance under high temperature conditions is provided. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a polarizing laminate and a laminate according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a polarizing laminate and a laminate according to a second embodiment. FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a polarizing laminate and a laminate according to a third embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a polarizing laminate and a laminate according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a polarizing laminate and a laminate according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a polarizing laminate and a laminate according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a polarizing plate according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an image display device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] (First embodiment) As shown in FIG. 1, the laminate 100 according to the first embodiment includes a first protective layer 10, a liquid crystal cured layer 20, and a second protective layer 30 in this order.

[0010] (First protective layer 10) A transparent resin layer is usually used as the first protective layer 10. "Transparent" refers to a property in which the transmittance for light rays with wavelengths of 380 to 780 nm is 80% or more. The transparent resin layer may be a thermoplastic resin layer or a cured product layer of a curable resin composition (a so-called hard coat layer).

[0011] (Thermoplastic Resin Layer Used in First Protective Layer 10) Examples of thermoplastic resins include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and norbornene-based polymers; polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene terephthalate; polymethacrylic acid esters such as polymethyl methacrylate; polyacrylic acid esters; cellulose esters; polyethylene naphthalate; polycarbonate; polysulfone; polyether sulfone; polyether ketone; polyphenylene sulfide; and polyphenylene oxide. Among these, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and norbornene-based polymers are preferred. Cyclic polyolefins such as norbornene-based polymers are particularly suitable. The thermoplastic resin layer may be surface-treated (e.g., corona treatment) to improve adhesion.

[0012] The thermoplastic resin layer may be oriented or unoriented.

[0013] (Hard Coat Layer: Cured Product Layer of Curable Resin Composition Used in First Protective Layer 10) An example of the cured product of the curable resin composition used for the first protective layer 10 is a cured product of a curable resin composition containing a (meth)acrylic compound. The (meth)acrylic compound is a compound having at least one (meth)acryloyl group and may be a monomer, oligomer, or polymer. Examples of the (meth)acrylic compound include (meth)acrylate compounds such as monofunctional (meth)acrylate compounds and polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds; urethane (meth)acrylate compounds such as polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compounds; epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds such as polyfunctional epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds; carboxyl group-modified epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds, polyester (meth)acrylate compounds, and the like. These compounds may be used alone or in combination. Among these, polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds or urethane (meth)acrylate compounds are preferred, and a combination of a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and a urethane (meth)acrylate is more preferred.

[0014] In this specification, the term "(meth)acrylate" means "acrylate" or "methacrylate", and the term "(meth)acryloyl" similarly means "acryloyl" or "methacryloyl".

[0015] The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound means a compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule, and examples thereof include a bifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer having two (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule, and a trifunctional or higher functional (meth)acrylate monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule.

[0016] The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound may contain one or more polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds. When two or more polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds are contained, the number of (meth)acryloyloxy groups may be the same or different among the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds.

[0017] Examples of the bifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylates such as ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, and neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate; diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and the like. Polyoxyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylates such as alkyl di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and polytetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; di(meth)acrylates of halogen-substituted alkylene glycols such as tetrafluoroethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; trimethylolpropane di(meth)acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane di(meth)acrylate Di(meth)acrylates of aliphatic polyols such as pentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate; di(meth)acrylates of hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene or tricyclodecane dialkanol such as hydrogenated dicyclopentadienyl di(meth)acrylate and tricyclodecane dimethanol di(meth)acrylate; di(meth)acrylates of dioxane glycol or dioxane dialkanol such as 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl di(meth)acrylate [also known as dioxane glycol di(meth)acrylate]; bisphenol A esters Di(meth)acrylates of alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A or bisphenol F, such as ethylene oxide adduct diacrylate and bisphenol F ethylene oxide adduct diacrylate; epoxy di(meth)acrylates of bisphenol A or bisphenol F, such as acrylic acid adduct of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and acrylic acid adduct of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether; silicone di(meth)acrylate; di(meth)acrylate of hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester;Examples include 2,2-bis[4-(meth)acryloyloxyethoxyethoxyphenyl]propane; 2,2-bis[4-(meth)acryloyloxyethoxyethoxycyclohexyl]propane; di(meth)acrylate of 2-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane; and tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate di(meth)acrylate.

[0018] The trifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is a monomer having three (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule, and examples thereof include glycerin tri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, reaction products of pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate and acid anhydride, caprolactone-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, tri(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of caprolactone-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, a reaction product of ethylene oxide-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, and a reaction product of propylene oxide-modified pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride.

[0019] The tetrafunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is a monomer having four (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule, and examples thereof include ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, tripentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, and propylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate.

[0020] Examples of the pentafunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, tripentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, and ethylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate. Examples of the dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate include dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, a reaction product of ethylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride, and a reaction product of propylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate with an acid anhydride.

[0021] Examples of hexafunctional (meth)acrylate monomers include dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, tripentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, and propylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate.

[0022] Examples of the heptafunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate and an acid anhydride, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate and an acid anhydride, ethylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of ethylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate and an acid anhydride, propylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate, and a reaction product of propylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol hepta(meth)acrylate and an acid anhydride.

[0023] Octafunctional (meth)acrylate monomers are monomers having eight (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule, and examples thereof include tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate, etc. These polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0024] The number of (meth)acryloyl groups in the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 7 or more, and even more preferably 8 or more. When the number of (meth)acryloyl groups in the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, the crosslinking density of the first protective layer 10 is increased, and the heat resistance of the polarizing laminate is more likely to be improved. Furthermore, the upper limit of the number of (meth)acryloyl groups is usually 20 or less.

[0025] The crosslinking density of the first protective layer 10 can be adjusted by controlling the molecular weight between crosslinking points and the number of crosslinking points of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound. More specifically, the smaller the molecular weight between crosslinking points, the higher the crosslinking density, and the larger the number of crosslinking points, the denser the crosslinking density, which can improve the heat resistance of the polarizing laminate.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance by controlling the crosslink density, the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound has a branched structure, and the number of atoms in the chain (sometimes referred to as a linking chain) connecting the branch point in the branched structure closest to the (meth)acryloyl group to the (meth)acryloyl group is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less. When the number of atoms is equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the crosslink density of the first protective layer 10 increases, and the heat resistance of the polarizing laminate is likely to be improved. Here, when there are multiple linking chains, it is sufficient that at least one linking chain satisfies the above-mentioned range of the number of atoms. From the viewpoint of improving the heat resistance of the polarizing laminate, it is preferable that all linking chains satisfy the above-mentioned range of the number of atoms.

[0027] Among the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate and tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate are preferred from the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the polarizing film.

[0028] In the curable resin composition, the content of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 30 parts by mass or more, more preferably 40 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 45 parts by mass or more, and preferably 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 95 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable resin composition. When the content of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is within the above range, the interlayer adhesion, heat resistance, and flexibility of the polarized film are likely to be improved. In this specification, the solid content of the curable resin composition means the total amount of components excluding the solvent from the curable resin composition when the curable resin composition contains a solvent.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the curable resin composition preferably contains a urethane (meth)acrylate compound as the (meth)acrylic compound, which is advantageous in terms of adhesion, heat resistance, and flexibility of the polarizing laminate.

[0030] The urethane (meth)acrylate compound generally refers to a reaction product of an isocyanate compound, a polyol compound, and a (meth)acrylate compound, and is preferably a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule. Polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compounds can form a crosslinked structure, which is advantageous in terms of the heat resistance of the polarizing laminate and can also impart appropriate toughness. This can increase the flexibility of the polarizing laminate, potentially improving its resistance to deformation due to bending or the like.

[0031] From the viewpoint of heat resistance, the polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound preferably has 3 or less functional groups, and more preferably has 2 functional groups. From the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and flexibility, the polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound preferably has 2 to 5 functional groups.

[0032] The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 300 or more, more preferably 400 or more, and preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 7,000 or less, even more preferably 5,000 or less, and particularly preferably 3,000 or less, in terms of polystyrene. When the Mw of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound is within the above range, adhesion and heat resistance are easily improved. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) can be measured, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0033] The urethane (meth)acrylate compound has a (meth)acryloyl group count of 15 x 10 per unit molecular weight. -4 It is preferable that the value is 20×10 or more. -4 More preferably, it is 30×10 or more. -4 More preferably, it is 40×10 or more. -4 It is particularly preferable that the number is equal to or greater than this. When the number of (meth)acryloyl groups per unit molecular weight is equal to or greater than the above lower limit, the heat resistance and adhesion of the polarizing laminate are more likely to be improved. Furthermore, the upper limit of the number of (meth)acryloyl groups per unit molecular weight is usually 20 or less. The number of (meth)acryloyl groups per unit molecular weight can be calculated by the formula: number of (meth)acryloyl groups / weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound.

[0034] When the curable resin composition contains a urethane (meth)acrylate compound, the content of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and preferably 100 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable resin composition. When the content of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound is within the above range, the adhesion, heat resistance, and flexibility of the polarizing laminate are likely to be improved.

[0035] When the curable resin composition contains a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and a urethane (meth)acrylate compound, the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and the urethane (meth)acrylate compound are preferably contained in a ratio (mass ratio of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound:urethane (meth)acrylate compound) of 95:5 to 50:50, more preferably 90:10 to 70:30. By containing the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and the urethane (meth)acrylate compound in the above blending ratio, the adhesion, heat resistance, and flexibility of the polarizing laminate are likely to be improved.

[0036] The curable resin composition may contain a monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound, if necessary. The monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound may be a monomer, oligomer, or polymer, and among these, a monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomer can be preferably used. Examples of the monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane mono(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol mono(meth)acrylate, and the like. Examples of the monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include acrylate, ethyl carbitol (meth)acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxy polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 1-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl]phthalic acid, 1-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl]hexahydrophthalic acid, 1-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl]succinic acid, and 4-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl]trimellit, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, and dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate. The monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0037] When the curable resin composition contains a monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound, the content of the monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 0 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, and preferably 50 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable resin composition. When the content of the monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound is within the above range, the coatability of the curable resin composition is improved from the viewpoint of adjusting the viscosity.

[0038] From the viewpoint of improving curability, the curable resin composition preferably contains a radical polymerization initiator. The radical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can initiate curing of the curable compound by irradiation with active energy rays such as visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and electron beams. Specific examples thereof include acetophenone-based initiators such as acetophenone, 3-methylacetophenone, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropan-1-one, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one; benzophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, and 4,4'- Benzophenone initiators such as diaminobenzophenone; alkylphenone initiators such as 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone; benzoin ether initiators such as benzoin propyl ether and benzoin ethyl ether; thioxanthone initiators such as 4-isopropylthioxanthone; acylphosphine oxide initiators such as bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide; and others such as xanthone, fluorenone, camphorquinone, benzaldehyde, anthraquinone, etc. These radical polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0039] When the curable resin composition contains a radical polymerization initiator, the content of the radical polymerization initiator is preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 8 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable compound. When the content of the radical polymerization initiator is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, the polymerization initiation ability is fully exhibited, and curability is improved. On the other hand, when the content of the polymerization initiator is equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the radical polymerization initiator is less likely to remain, and a decrease in visible light transmittance, etc., can be easily suppressed.

[0040] The curable resin composition may contain additives other than the radical polymerization initiator, such as an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, a colorant, and a surface conditioner, as needed. These additives may be used alone or in combination. The content of the additives is preferably about 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the mass of the solid content of the curable resin composition.

[0041] The curable resin composition can be prepared by mixing and stirring a (meth)acrylic compound and, if necessary, additives, etc. In order to improve the coatability, the viscosity of the curable resin composition may be adjusted by adding a solvent to the curable resin composition.

[0042] The solvent may be any solvent capable of dissolving the components constituting the curable resin composition, and may be appropriately selected from the following: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and octane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; alcohols such as ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, and 1-butanol; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and isobutyl acetate; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; and esterified glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The type and content of the solvent are selected appropriately depending on the type and content of the components contained in the curable resin composition, the shape, the application method, the thickness of the resin layer, etc., but for example, the content of the solvent is preferably 3 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 100 parts by mass, and even more preferably 7 to 50 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable resin composition.

[0043] The first protective layer 10 can be obtained by applying a curable resin composition onto the liquid crystal cured layer 20 and curing the composition.

[0044] Examples of methods for applying the curable resin composition include the application methods exemplified in the section entitled "Polarizer." The curable resin composition is preferably cured by irradiating it with active energy rays to polymerize the polymerizable components, such as a (meth)acrylic compound, contained in the composition. The active energy rays are appropriately selected depending on the type of polymerizable component, such as the (meth)acrylic compound, the type and amount of the radical polymerization initiator, and other factors. Specific examples include one or more active energy rays selected from the group consisting of visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays, α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays. Among these, ultraviolet light is preferred because it is easy to control the progress of the polymerization reaction and because photopolymerization devices widely used in this field can be used. Examples of light sources for the active energy rays include the light sources exemplified in the section entitled "Polarizer." The ultraviolet irradiation intensity, irradiation time, and integrated light amount may be appropriately within the ranges of the ultraviolet irradiation intensity, irradiation time, and integrated light amount exemplified in the section entitled "Polarizer."

[0045] (Characteristics of the first protective layer 10) The thickness of the first protective layer 10 may be 0.1 μm or more and 70 μm or less.

[0046] The moisture permeability of the first protective layer 10 is 300 g / m 2 / day or less, and 2 / day or less, and 100 g / m 2 / day or less is more preferable. In this specification, the moisture permeability is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 0208-1976 (Test method for moisture permeability of moisture-proof packaging materials (cup method)), and is defined as the mass (g) of water vapor passing through the boundary surface of a target layer or laminate at a temperature of 40°C, when the air on one side is kept at a relative humidity of 90% and the air on the other side is kept dry by a moisture absorbent, in 24 hours. 2 This is the value converted to per unit.

[0047] The first protective layer 10 may have an in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of 5 nm or less at a wavelength of 550 nm. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the in-plane retardation value Re is a value expressed as (nx-ny)×d. nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the first protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the first protective layer. ny represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the first protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the first protective layer. d represents the thickness of the first protective layer 10.

[0048] (Liquid crystal hardening layer 20) The liquid crystal cured layer 20 is a cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a photopolymerization initiator (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition).

[0049] An example of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a compound represented by formula (A) (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "compound (A)"). The polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be one type, or a combination of multiple compounds with different structures. Examples of the compound (A) include compounds described in JP-A-2011-207765. Specifically, compounds represented by the formula (A): [ka] [In formula (A), X 1 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or -NR 1 - represents. R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Y 1 represents an optionally substituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Q 3 and Q 4each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a optionally substituted monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a optionally substituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, -NR 2 R 3 or -SR 2 or Q 3 and Q 4 and bond to each other to form an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached. 2 and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. D 1 and D 2 are each independently a single bond, -C(=O)-O-, -C(=S)-O-, or -CR 4 R 5 -, -CR 4 R 5 -CR 6 R 7 -, -O-CR 4 R 5 -, -CR 4 R 5 -O-CR 6 R 7 -,-CO-O-CR 4 R 5 -, -O-CO-CR 4 R 5 -, -CR 4 R 5 -O-CO-CR 6 R 7 -, -CR 4 R 5 -CO-O-CR 6 R 7 -or-NR 4 -CR 5 R 6 -or-CO-NR 4 - represents. R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. G1 and G 2 each independently represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a methylene group constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or -NH-, and a methine group constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced with a tertiary nitrogen atom. L 1 and L 2 each independently represents a monovalent organic group; L 1 and L 2 At least one of the groups has a polymerizable group.] Also included are compounds represented by the formula: 1 is a group represented by formula (A1), and L 2 is a group represented by formula (A2). P 1 -F 1 -(B 1 -A 1 ) k -E 1 - (A1) P 2 -F 2 -(B 2 -A 2 ) l -E 2 - (A2) [In formula (A1) and formula (A2), B 1 , B 2 , E 1 and E 2 are each independently -CR 4 R 5 -, -CH2-CH2-, -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, -CS-O-, -O-CS-O-, -CO-NR 1 represents -, -O-CH2-, -S-CH2- or a single bond.

[0050] A 1 and A 2each independently represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein a methylene group constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or -NH-, and a methine group constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a tertiary nitrogen atom.

[0051] k and l each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3. F 1 and F 2 represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. P 1 represents a polymerizable group. P 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group. R 4 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0052] The content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer is usually 5 to 50 parts by mass, and preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer.

[0053] The photopolymerization initiator may be, for example, one that generates radicals upon irradiation with light. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include benzoin compounds, benzophenone compounds, benzil ketal compounds, α-hydroxyketone compounds, α-aminoketone compounds, α-acetophenone compounds, triazine compounds, iodonium salts, and sulfonium salts. Specific examples include Irgacure (registered trademark) 907, 184, 819, 250, and 369 (all manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.), Seikuol (registered trademark) BZ, Z, and BEE (all manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.), Kayacure (registered trademark) BP100 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), UVI-6992 (manufactured by Dow Chemical), Adeka Optomer (registered trademark) SP-152 and SP-170 (all manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), TAZ-A and TAZ-PP (manufactured by Nippon SiberHegner AG), and TAZ-104 (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.). Among these, α-acetophenone compounds are preferred, and examples of the α-acetophenone compounds include 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)propan-1-one, 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-benzylbutan-1-one, and 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenylmethyl)butan-1-one, and more preferably 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)propan-1-one and 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-benzylbutan-1-one. Commercially available α-acetophenone compounds include Irgacure (registered trademark) 369, 379EG, and 907 (all manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.). and Seikuol (registered trademark) BEE (manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0054] The amount of the photopolymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Within the above range, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be polymerized without disturbing the liquid crystal alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0055] The liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition may further contain a polymerization inhibitor, a photosensitizer, a leveling agent, a chiral agent, a reactive additive, a solvent, and the like.

[0056] [Polymerization inhibitor] The composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer may contain a polymerization inhibitor in order to control the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone and hydroquinones having a substituent such as alkyl ether; catechols having a substituent such as alkyl ether, such as butylcatechol; radical scavengers such as pyrogallols and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical; thiophenols; β-naphthylamines and β-naphthols. The content of the polymerization inhibitor in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Within the above range, polymerization can be performed without disturbing the liquid crystal alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0057] [Photosensitizer] Examples of the photosensitizer include xanthones such as xanthone and thioxanthone; anthracenes having a substituent such as anthracene and alkyl ether; phenothiazine; and rubrene. The use of a photosensitizer can increase the sensitivity of the photopolymerization initiator. The content of the photosensitizer is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0058] [Leveling agent] Examples of the leveling agent include organic modified silicone oil-based, polyacrylate-based, and perfluoroalkyl-based leveling agents. Specific examples include DC3PA, SH7PA, DC11PA, SH28PA, SH29PA, SH30PA, ST80PA, ST86PA, SH8400, SH8700, and FZ2123 (all manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd.), KP321, KP323, KP324, KP326, KP340, KP341, X22-161A, and KF6001 (all manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), and TSF400, TSF401, TSF410, TSF4300, TSF4440, TSF4445, TSF-4446, TSF4452, and TSF4460 (all manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials). Japan LLC), Fluorinert (registered trademark) FC-72, FC-40, FC-43, FC-3283 (all manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), Megafac (registered trademark) R-08, R-30, R-90, F-410, F-411, F-443, F-445, F-470, F-477, F-479, F-482, F-483 (all manufactured by DIC Corporation), F-top (trade name) EF301, EF303, Examples of the leveling agents include EF351 and EF352 (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals Co., Ltd.), Surflon (registered trademark) S-381, S-382, S-383, S-393, SC-101, SC-105, KH-40, and SA-100 (all manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.), trade names E1830 and E5844 (manufactured by Daikin Fine Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd.), BM-1000, BM-1100, BYK-352, BYK-353, and BYK-361N (all trade names: manufactured by BM Chemie). Two or more leveling agents may be used in combination.

[0059] The use of a leveling agent allows for the formation of a smoother laminated liquid crystal cured layer. Furthermore, during the production process of the liquid crystal cured layer, the fluidity of the composition for forming the liquid crystal cured layer can be controlled, and the crosslinking density of the liquid crystal cured layer can be adjusted. The content of the leveling agent is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0060] [Chiral agent] Examples of the chiral agent include known chiral agents (for example, those described in Liquid Crystal Device Handbook, Chapter 3, Section 4-3, Chiral Agents for TN and STN, p. 199, edited by the 142nd Committee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1989). Chiral agents generally contain an asymmetric carbon atom, but axially asymmetric compounds or planarly asymmetric compounds that do not contain an asymmetric carbon atom can also be used as chiral agents. Examples of axially asymmetric compounds or planarly asymmetric compounds include binaphthyl, helicene, paracyclophane, and derivatives thereof. Specific examples include compounds such as those described in JP-A Nos. 2007-269640, 2007-269639, 2007-176870, 2003-137887, JP-T No. 2000-515496, JP-T No. 2007-169178, and JP-T No. 9-506088, and a preferred example is paliocolor (registered trademark) LC756 manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd. The content of the chiral agent is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and preferably 1.0 to 25 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Within this range, the liquid crystal alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be further prevented from being disturbed when the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized.

[0061] [Reactive additives] The reactive additive preferably has a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and an active hydrogen-reactive group in its molecule. The term "active hydrogen-reactive group" used herein refers to a group that is reactive with groups containing active hydrogen, such as a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydroxyl group (-OH), or an amino group (-NH2), and typical examples of such groups include a glycidyl group, an oxazoline group, a carbodiimide group, an aziridine group, an imide group, an isocyanato group, a thioisocyanato group, and a maleic anhydride group.

[0062] The reactive additive preferably has at least two active hydrogen reactive groups, and in this case, the multiple active hydrogen reactive groups may be the same or different.

[0063] The carbon-carbon unsaturated bond of the reactive additive may be a carbon-carbon double bond, a carbon-carbon triple bond, or a combination thereof, but is preferably a carbon-carbon double bond. Among these, the reactive additive preferably contains a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond as a vinyl group and / or a (meth)acrylic group. Furthermore, the active hydrogen reactive group is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, a glycidyl group, and an isocyanato group, and a reactive additive having an acrylic group and an isocyanato group is particularly preferred.

[0064] Specific examples of reactive additives include compounds having a (meth)acrylic group and an epoxy group, such as methacryloxyglycidyl ether and acryloxyglycidyl ether; compounds having a (meth)acrylic group and an oxetane group, such as oxetane acrylate and oxetane methacrylate; compounds having a (meth)acrylic group and a lactone group, such as lactone acrylate and lactone methacrylate; compounds having a vinyl group and an oxazoline group, such as vinyloxazoline and isopropenyloxazoline; oligomers of compounds having a (meth)acrylic group and an isocyanato group, such as isocyanatomethyl acrylate, isocyanatomethyl methacrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate, and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. Also included are compounds having a vinyl group or a vinylene group and an acid anhydride, such as methacrylic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and vinyl maleic anhydride. Among these, methacryloxyglycidyl ether, acryloxyglycidyl ether, isocyanatomethyl acrylate, isocyanatomethyl methacrylate, vinyloxazoline, 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, and oligomers thereof are preferred, and isocyanatomethyl acrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate, and oligomers thereof are particularly preferred.

[0065] Here, more preferred reactive additives having an isocyanato group as the active hydrogen reactive group are specifically shown below, for example, as represented by the following formula (Y). [ka] [In formula (Y), n represents an integer from 1 to 10, and R 1’ represents a divalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms. 2’ is -NH- on one side and >NC(=O)-R on the other side. 3’ R 3’represents a hydroxyl group or a group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond. R in formula (Y) 3’ At least one R 3’ is a group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.

[0066] Among the reactive additives represented by the formula (Y), a compound represented by the following formula (YY) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "compound (YY)") is particularly preferred (n has the same meaning as above). [ka] Compound (YY) may be a commercially available product, either as is or after purification as necessary, such as Laromer (registered trademark) LR-9000 (manufactured by BASF).

[0067] The content of the reactive additive is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0068] [solvent] The composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer preferably contains a solvent, particularly an organic solvent, to improve the operability in producing the liquid crystal cured layer. The organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent capable of dissolving the components of the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer, such as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and more preferably a solvent capable of dissolving the components of the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer, such as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and which is inactive to the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Specific examples of suitable organic solvents include alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and phenol; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and ethyl lactate; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl amyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; non-chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; non-chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane; and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene. Two or more organic solvents may be used in combination. Among these, alcoholic solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, non-chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, and non-chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are preferred.

[0069] The liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition may further contain a compound different from the compound (A).

[0070] An example of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound different from compound (A) is a compound containing a group represented by formula (X) (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "compound (X)"). The polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be one type, or a plurality of compounds having different structures may be combined. P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 - (X) [In formula (X), P11 represents a polymerizable group. A 11 represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group. A hydrogen atom contained in the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a nitro group, and a hydrogen atom contained in the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom. B 11 -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-NR 16 -, -NR 16 R represents -CO-, -CO-, -CS- or a single bond. 16 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. B 12 and B 13 each independently represents -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -CH2-CH2-, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-O-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -C(=O)-NR 16 -, -NR 16 represents -C(=O)-, -OCH2-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -CF2O-, -CH=CH-C(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)-CH=CH- or a single bond. E 11 represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom contained in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom contained in the alkoxy group may be substituted with a halogen atom. Furthermore, -CH2- constituting the alkanediyl group may be replaced with -O- or -CO-.]

[0071] The number of carbon atoms in the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group and divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by A11 is preferably in the range of 3 to 18, more preferably in the range of 5 to 12, and particularly preferably 5 or 6. 11As the alkyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a 1,4-phenylene group are preferred.

[0072] E 11 The alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by the formula (I) is preferably a linear alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. -CH2- constituting the alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms may be replaced with -O-. Specific examples include linear alkanediyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methylene, ethylene, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl, heptane-1,7-diyl, octane-1,8-diyl, nonane-1,9-diyl, decane-1,10-diyl, undecane-1,11-diyl, and dodecane-1,12-diyl; -CH-CH-O-CH-CH-, -CH-CH-O-CH-CH-O-CH-CH-, and -CH-CH-O-CH-CH-O-CH-CH-O-CH-CH-. B 11 As the alkyl group, -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, and -O-CO- are preferred, and among these, -CO-O- is more preferred. B 12 and B 13 are each independently preferably -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)- or -OC(=O)-O-, and among these, -O- or -OC(=O)-O- is more preferred.

[0073] P 11 The polymerizable group represented by formula (P-11) is preferably a radically polymerizable group or a cationically polymerizable group in that it is easy to undergo a photopolymerization reaction. The polymerizable group is preferably a group represented by formula (P-11) to formula (P-15) below in that it is easy to handle and the production of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound itself is also easy. [ka] [In formulas (P-11) to (P-15), R17 ~R 21 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.

[0074] Specific examples of the groups represented by formulae (P-11) to (P-13) include groups represented by the following formulae (P-16) to (P-20). [ka]

[0075] P 11 is preferably a group represented by formula (P-14) to formula (P-20), and more preferably a vinyl group, a p-stilbene group, an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group. P 11 -B 11 It is more preferable that the group represented by - is an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group.

[0076] Compound (X) includes compounds represented by formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V) or formula (VI). P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 -A 12 -B 14 -A 13 -B 15 -A 14 -B 16 -E 12 -B 17 -P 12 (I) P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 -A 12 -B 14 -A 13 -B 15 -A 14 -F 11 (II) P11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 -A 12 -B 14 -A 13 -B 15 -E 12 -B 17 -P 12 (III) P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 -A 12 -B 14 -A 13 -F 11 (IV) P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 -A 12 -B 14 -E 12 -B 17 -P 12 (V) P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 -A 12 -F 11 (VI) (In the formula, A 12 ~A 14 are each independently, A 11 is synonymous with B 14 ~B 16 are each independently, B 12 is synonymous with B 17 is B 11 is synonymous with E 12 is E 11 is synonymous with. F 11represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, a trifluoromethyl group, a dimethylamino group, a hydroxy group, a methylol group, a formyl group, a sulfo group (-SO3H), a carboxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom, and -CH2- constituting the alkyl group and alkoxy group may be replaced with -O-.

[0077] Specific examples of compound (X) include compounds having a polymerizable group among the compounds described in "3.8.6 Network (completely crosslinked)" and "6.5.1 Liquid Crystal Materials b. Polymerizable Nematic Liquid Crystal Materials" in Liquid Crystal Handbook (edited by Liquid Crystal Handbook Editorial Committee, published by Maruzen Co., Ltd. on October 30, 2000), and the polymerizable liquid crystal compounds described in JP-A Nos. 2010-31223, 2010-270108, 2011-6360, and 2011-207765.

[0078] Specific examples of compound (X) include compounds represented by the following formulae (I-1) to (I-4), (II-1) to (II-4), (III-1) to (III-26), (IV-1) to (IV-26), (V-1) to (V-2), and (VI-1) to (VI-6). In the following formulae, k1 and k2 each independently represent an integer of 2 to 12. These compounds (X) are preferred in terms of ease of synthesis or availability.

[0079] [ka]

[0080] [ka]

[0081] [ka]

[0082] [ka]

[0083] [ka]

[0084] [ka]

[0085] [ka]

[0086] [ka]

[0087] [ka]

[0088] The wavelength dispersion characteristics of the laminate of the present invention can be controlled by adjusting the mixing amounts of compound (X) and compound (A). The content of compound (X) in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer is usually 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass, and preferably 5 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer. The content of the compound (X) in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer is usually 0 to 50 parts, and preferably 0 to 10 parts, based on 100 parts by mass of the compound (A).

[0089] (Characteristics of the liquid crystal cured layer) The thickness of the liquid crystal cured layer 20 may be 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

[0090] (Vertical alignment liquid crystal cured layer) The liquid crystal cured layer may be a vertical alignment film. The liquid crystal cured layer may satisfy the following formula (2). That is, the liquid crystal cured layer may be a positive C plate.

[0091] nx≒ny <nz (2) (wherein nx, ny, and nz have the same meanings as defined above) The symbol "≒" in the above expression includes not only the case where both sides of the symbol are completely identical, but also the case where both sides of the symbol are substantially identical. When nx≒ny, "substantially the same" means that (nx-ny)×d (where d is the thickness of the liquid crystal cured layer) is 0 to 10 nm, and (nx-ny)×d is preferably 0 to 5 nm.

[0092] When the cured liquid crystal layer is a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction of the cured liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, but at a wavelength of 550 nm, Rth may be −200 nm or more, −150 nm or more, or −50 nm or less. Rth is a value expressed as [{(nx+ny) / 2}-nz]×d. Here, x represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer, ny represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer, nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the cured liquid crystal layer, and d represents the thickness of the cured liquid crystal layer.

[0093] The liquid crystal cured layer may have either a normal wavelength dispersion or a reverse wavelength dispersion.

[0094] (Method for aligning a cured liquid crystal layer) In order to align the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer, it is preferable to apply the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer onto an alignment film. The alignment film may be removed from the liquid crystal cured layer in the laminate 100 by peeling or the like, or may remain in contact with the liquid crystal cured layer as a functional layer described later.

[0095] The alignment film is preferably one that does not dissolve in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer, does not change in quality when heated to remove the solvent contained in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer or to adjust the liquid crystal alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and does not peel off due to friction or the like during transportation of the laminate.

[0096] Generally, methods for forming an alignment film include coating an alignment polymer on the substrate surface and drying it, coating an alignment polymer, drying it, and then rubbing the surface, coating a photoalignment polymer, drying it, and then irradiating it with polarized light, oblique deposition of silicon oxide, and forming a monomolecular film with long-chain alkyl groups using the Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB method). The alignment polymer and photoalignment polymer are usually dissolved in a solvent and then applied.

[0097] Examples of the oriented polymer include polyamides and gelatins having an amide bond in the molecule, polyimides having an imide bond in the molecule, and their hydrolyzates such as polyamic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, alkyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyoxazole, polyethyleneimine, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylic acid esters. Among these, polyamide, polyimide, or polyamic acid is preferred. The oriented polymer forming the oriented film may be a single type, a composition combining multiple types of polymers, or a copolymer combining multiple types of polymers. These polymers can be easily obtained by subjecting monomers to polycondensation such as dehydration or dealcoholization, chain polymerization such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, or cationic polymerization, coordination polymerization, or ring-opening polymerization. Examples of commercially available oriented polymers include Sunever (registered trademark, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and Optomer (registered trademark, manufactured by JSR). The alignment film formed from such an alignment polymer facilitates the alignment of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds. Furthermore, various liquid crystal alignments, such as horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, hybrid alignment, and tilt alignment, can be controlled by changing the type of alignment polymer and rubbing conditions, and can be used to improve the viewing angle of various liquid crystal panels.

[0098] Examples of photoalignable polymers include polymers having a photosensitive structure. When a polymer having a photosensitive structure is irradiated with polarized light, the photosensitive structure in the irradiated area is isomerized or crosslinked, thereby orienting the photoalignable polymer and imparting an alignment control force to a film made of the photoalignable polymer. Examples of the photosensitive structure include an azobenzene structure, a maleimide structure, a chalcone structure, a cinnamic acid structure, a 1,2-vinylene structure, a 1,2-acetylene structure, a spiropyran structure, a spirobenzopyran structure, and a fulgide structure. The photoalignable polymer forming the alignment film may be a single type of polymer, a combination of multiple polymers with different structures, or a copolymer having multiple different photosensitive structures. Photoalignable polymers can be obtained by subjecting a monomer having a photosensitive structure to polycondensation such as dehydration or dealcoholization, chain polymerization such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, or cationic polymerization, coordination polymerization, or ring-opening polymerization. Examples of the photoalignable polymer include those described in Japanese Patent No. 4450261, Japanese Patent No. 4011652, JP-A-2010-49230, Japanese Patent No. 4404090, JP-A-2007-156439, JP-A-2007-232934, etc. Among them, from the viewpoint of durability, polymers that form a crosslinked structure when irradiated with polarized light are preferred as the photoalignable polymer.

[0099] In the present invention, from the viewpoints of the alignment uniformity of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the manufacturing time and manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal cured layer, the method of applying an alignment polymer made of a material selected from polyimide, polyamide, or polyamic acid and drying it, and the method of applying an alignment polymer, drying it, and rubbing the surface are preferred.

[0100] Examples of solvents that can dissolve the alignment polymer or photoalignment polymer include water; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, and butyl cellosolve; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and ethyl lactate; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl amyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, and ethylcyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, and chlorobenzene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; ether solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethoxyethane; and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform. These organic solvents can be used alone or in combination.

[0101] The amount of the solvent is usually 10 to 100,000 parts by mass, preferably 1,000 to 50,000 parts by mass, and more preferably 2,000 to 20,000 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the alignable polymer or photoalignable polymer.

[0102] Examples of methods for applying the oriented polymer or photooriented polymer dissolved in a solvent to a substrate include extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, CAP coating, die coating, etc. Other examples include methods for applying the polymer using a coater such as a dip coater, a bar coater, or a spin coater.

[0103] Drying methods include natural drying, ventilation drying, heat drying, reduced pressure drying, and combinations of these. The drying temperature is preferably 10 to 250°C, more preferably 25 to 200°C. The drying time, which varies depending on the type of solvent, is preferably 5 seconds to 60 minutes, more preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes.

[0104] Rubbing may be performed by bringing a rotating rubbing roll wrapped with a rubbing cloth into contact with the oriented polymer that has been applied to the substrate and dried.

[0105] Examples of methods for irradiating polarized light include a method using an apparatus described in JP 2006-323060 A. Alternatively, a patterned alignment film can be formed by repeatedly irradiating each desired region with polarized light, such as linearly polarized ultraviolet light, through a photomask corresponding to the desired regions. The photomask typically comprises a film made of quartz glass, soda lime glass, or polyester, on which a light-shielding pattern is provided. The irradiated polarized light is blocked in the areas covered by the light-shielding pattern, while the irradiated polarized light is transmitted through the uncovered areas. Quartz glass is preferred in that it is less affected by thermal expansion. In terms of the reactivity of the photo-alignable polymer, the irradiated polarized light is preferably ultraviolet light.

[0106] The thickness of the alignment film is usually 10 nm to 10,000 nm, and preferably 10 nm to 1,000 nm. When the thickness of the alignment film is within the above range, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be easily aligned in a desired direction or angle, which is preferable.

[0107] The liquid crystal alignment state of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound includes horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, hybrid alignment, tilt alignment, etc. The expressions horizontal, vertical, etc. refer to the alignment direction of the long axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound based on the in-plane direction of the liquid crystal cured layer. For example, vertical alignment means that the long axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is in a direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction of the liquid crystal cured layer.

[0108] The state of liquid crystal alignment varies depending on the properties of the alignment film and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the combination thereof can be selected arbitrarily. For example, if the alignment film is made of a material that exerts a horizontal alignment as an alignment control force, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can form a horizontal alignment or a hybrid alignment, and if the alignment film is made of a material that exerts a vertical alignment, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can form a vertical alignment or an inclined alignment. When the alignment film is made of an alignment polymer, the alignment restraining force can be adjusted arbitrarily by the surface condition or rubbing conditions, and when it is made of a photoalignment polymer, the alignment restraining force can be adjusted arbitrarily by the polarized light irradiation conditions, etc. Furthermore, the liquid crystal alignment can also be controlled by selecting the physical properties of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, such as the surface tension or liquid crystallinity.

[0109] In this embodiment, the alignment film preferably has an alignment control force capable of vertically aligning the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Specifically, the alignment polymer preferably contains a non-polar substituent group consisting of a silicon atom, a fluorine atom, or the like. For example, materials generally used as liquid crystal alignment films for vertical alignment type liquid crystal display elements, such as those described in Japanese Patent Nos. 4605016, 4985906, 4502119, and WO2008 / 117760, can be used.

[0110] When the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the applied liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase, it has birefringence due to monodomain orientation.

[0111] There is also a method for aligning the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer without using an alignment film. For example, an alignment promoter may be added to the composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer. The alignment promoter is unevenly distributed in a specific positional relationship within the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film, and this uneven distribution is thought to control the surface energy of the liquid crystal cured film and to generate an electrostatic repulsion force against the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. This is thought to generate an alignment control force that aligns the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in a direction perpendicular to the film plane of the liquid crystal cured film, making it possible to form a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the film plane without using a vertical alignment film. Examples of the alignment promoter are nonionic silane compounds and ionic compounds consisting of nonmetal atoms.

[0112] (non-ionic silane compounds) When the polymerizable liquid crystal composition forming the vertically aligned cured liquid crystal film contains a nonionic silane compound, the nonionic silane compound reduces the surface tension of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and the surface energy of the interface on the non-substrate side of the cured liquid crystal film can be reduced, thereby increasing the vertical alignment control force for the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. As a result, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be maintained in a vertically aligned state to form the cured liquid crystal film.

[0113] The nonionic silane compound is a nonionic compound containing silicon. Examples of the nonionic silane compound include silicon polymers such as polysilane, silicone resins such as silicone oil and silicone resin, silicone oligomers, organic and inorganic silane compounds such as silsesquioxane and alkoxysilane (more specifically, silane coupling agents, etc.).

[0114] The nonionic silane compound may be of the silicone monomer type or the silicone oligomer (polymer) type. When the silicone oligomer is expressed in the form of a (monomer)-(monomer) copolymer, copolymers containing a mercaptopropyl group such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer; copolymers containing a mercaptomethyl group such as mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer and mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer; methacryloyloxypropyl group-containing copolymers such as methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer and 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer;Acryloyloxypropyl group-containing copolymers such as 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-acryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-acryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-acryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-acryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-acryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer and 3-acryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer; vinyltrimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, vinyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, vinyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, vinyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, vinyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer Vinyl group-containing copolymers such as ethoxysilane copolymer, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, and vinylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer; amino group-containing copolymers such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer, 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetramethoxysilane copolymer, and 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane copolymer; These nonionic silane compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, silane coupling agents are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving adhesion to adjacent layers such as the substrate.

[0115] A silane coupling agent is a compound containing a silicon element and having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, an epoxy group, a styryl group, a methacryl group, an acrylic group, an amino group, an isocyanurate group, a ureido group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, a carboxyl group, and a hydroxyl group, and at least one alkoxysilyl group or silanol group at its terminal. From the viewpoint of adhesion, the silane coupling agent is preferably a silane coupling agent having an alkoxysilyl group and another different reactive group (for example, the above-mentioned functional group). Furthermore, the silane coupling agent is preferably a silane coupling agent having an alkoxysilyl group and a polar group. When the silane coupling agent has at least one alkoxysilyl group and at least one polar group in its molecule, the vertical alignment property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is more likely to be improved, and the vertical alignment promotion effect tends to be significantly achieved. Examples of polar groups include epoxy groups, amino groups, isocyanurate groups, mercapto groups, carboxyl groups, and hydroxy groups. The polar group may have an appropriate substituent or protective group in order to control the reactivity of the silane coupling agent.

[0116] Specific examples of the silane coupling agent include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene)propylamine, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane. Examples of suitable silanes include ethyldimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, and 3-glycidoxypropylethoxydimethylsilane.

[0117] Commercially available silane coupling agents include, for example, KP321, KP323, KP324, KP326, KP340, KP341, X22-161A, KF6001, KBM-1003, KBE-1003, KBM-303, KBM-402, KBM-403, KBE-402, KBE-403, KBM-1403, KBM-502, KBM-503, and KB Examples of silane coupling agents include those manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., such as E-502, KBE-503, KBM-5103, KBM-602, KBM-603, KBM-903, KBE-903, KBE-9103, KBM-573, KBM-575, KBM-9659, KBE-585, KBM-802, KBM-803, KBE-846, and KBE-9007.

[0118] When the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film contains a nonionic silane compound, the content thereof in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition forming the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film is usually, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition, preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, and preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 4 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 3 parts by mass or less. When the content of the nonionic silane compound is within the above range, the vertical alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be effectively promoted while maintaining good coatability and alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.

[0119] (ionic compounds) The ionic compound is preferably an ionic compound comprising non-metallic atoms, since it is less likely to cause alignment defects in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0120] Examples of ionic compounds consisting of non-metal atoms include onium salts (more specifically, quaternary ammonium salts in which the nitrogen atom has a positive charge, tertiary sulfonium salts, and quaternary phosphonium salts in which the phosphorus atom has a positive charge). Among these onium salts, quaternary onium salts are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving the vertical alignment property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and quaternary phosphonium salts or quaternary ammonium salts are more preferred from the viewpoint of improving availability and mass productivity. The onium salt may have two or more quaternary onium salt moieties in the molecule, and may be an oligomer or polymer.

[0121] The molecular weight of the ionic compound comprising nonmetallic atoms is preferably 100 or more and 10,000 or less. When the molecular weight is within this range, it is easy to improve the vertical alignment property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while ensuring the coatability of the polymerizable composition. The molecular weight of the ionic compound comprising nonmetallic atoms is more preferably 5,000 or less, and even more preferably 3,000 or less.

[0122] Examples of the cationic component of the ionic compound composed of nonmetallic atoms include inorganic cations and organic cations. Among them, organic cations are preferred because they are less likely to cause alignment defects in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Examples of organic cations include imidazolium cations, pyridinium cations, ammonium cations, sulfonium cations, and phosphonium cations.

[0123] Ionic compounds consisting of nonmetallic atoms generally have counter anions. Examples of anionic components that serve as counter ions to the above-mentioned cationic components include inorganic anions and organic anions. Among these, organic anions are preferred because they are less likely to cause alignment defects in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Using an anion containing a fluorine element in its molecular structure as the counter anion makes it easier to satisfy formula (5). Note that cations and anions do not necessarily have to correspond one-to-one.

[0124] Specific examples of the anion component include the following: Chloride anion [Cl - ], bromide anion [Br - ], iodide anion [I - ], tetrachloroaluminate anion [AlCl4 - ], heptachlorodialuminate anion [Al2Cl7 - ], tetrafluoroborate anion [BF4 - ], hexafluorophosphate anion [PF6 - ], perchlorate anion [ClO4 - ], nitrate anion [NO3 - ], acetate anion [CH3COO - ], trifluoroacetate anion [CF3COO - ], fluorosulfonate anion [FSO3 - ], methanesulfonate anion [CH3SO3 - ], trifluoromethanesulfonate anion [CF3SO3 -], p-toluenesulfonate anion〔p-CH3C6H4SO3 - ], bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion [(FSO2)2N - ], bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion [(CF3SO2)2N - ], tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methanide anion [(CF3SO2)3C - ], hexafluoroarsenate anion [AsF6 - ], hexafluoroantimonate anion [SbF6 - ], hexafluoroniobate anion [NbF6 - ], hexafluorotantalate anion [TaF6 - ], dimethylphosphinate anion [(CH3)2POO - ], (poly)hydrofluorofluoride anion [F(HF) n - ] (for example, n represents an integer of 1 to 3), dicyanamide anion [(CN)2N - ], thiocyanate anion [SCN - ], perfluorobutanesulfonate anion [C4F9SO3 - ], bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide anion [(C2F5SO2)2N - ], perfluorobutanoate anion [C3F7COO - ], and (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanecarbonyl)imide anion [(CF3SO2)(CF3CO)N - 〕.

[0125] Specific examples of ionic compounds comprising non-metallic atoms can be appropriately selected from the combinations of the above-mentioned cation components and anion components. Specific examples of compounds that are combinations of cation components and anion components include the following:

[0126] (pyridinium salts) N-Hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-octyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-hexylpyridinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, N-octylpyridinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, N-methyl-4-hexylpyridinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, N-octyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, N-hexylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-octylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-methyl-4-hexylpyridinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-octyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-hexylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, N-octylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-hexylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, and N-octyl-4-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate.

[0127] (imidazolium salts) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, etc.

[0128] (pyrrolidinium salts) N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium p-toluenesulfonate, etc.

[0129] (ammonium salts) Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetrabutylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetrahexylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, trioctylmethylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetrabutylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tetrahexylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tetrabutylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, tetrahexylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, trioctylmethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium Dimethylphosphinate 1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-1,1,1-tributylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-1,1,1-trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-(3-trimethoxysilylbutyl)-1,1,1-tributylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-(3-trimethoxysilylbutyl)-1,1,1-trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-{(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)}-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and N-[2-{3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropylamino)-1-oxopropoxy}ethyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

[0130] (phosphonium salts) Tributyl(2-methoxyethyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tributylmethylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,1,1-trimethyl-1-[(trimethoxysilyl)methyl]phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,1,1-trimethyl-1-[2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl]phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,1,1-trimethyl-1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,1,1-trimethyl-1-[4-(trimethoxysilyl)butyl]phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,1,1-tributyl-1-[(trimethoxysilyl)methyl]phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,1,1-tributyl-1-[2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl]phosphonium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and 1,1,1-tributyl-1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. These ionic compounds comprising non-metallic atoms may be used either alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, ionic compounds made of phosphonium salts or ammonium salts having a positive charge on the nitrogen atom (including the above-mentioned pyridinium salts and imidazolium salts) are preferred, and ionic compounds made of phosphonium salts or ammonium salts having an anion containing a fluorine element in the molecular structure as a counter anion are more preferred.

[0131] From the viewpoint of further improving the vertical alignment property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the ionic compound consisting of non-metallic atoms preferably has a silicon element and / or a fluorine element in the molecular structure of the cationic moiety. When the ionic compound consisting of non-metal atoms has a silicon element and / or a fluorine element in the molecular structure of the cationic moiety, the ionic compound is likely to segregate on the surface of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film. Among these, the following ionic compounds (I) to (III) are preferred as ionic compounds whose constituent elements are all non-metallic elements.

[0132] (Ionic Compound (I)) [ka] (Ionic Compound (II)) [ka] (Ionic compound (III)) [ka]

[0133] In addition, for example, the vertical alignment of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds can be further improved by applying a method of treating the substrate surface with a surfactant having an alkyl group with a relatively long chain length to improve the alignment of liquid crystals (see, for example, Chapter 2, "Alignment and Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals" in "Liquid Crystal Handbook" (published by Maruzen Co., Ltd.)). That is, by treating the surface of the substrate with an ionic compound having an alkyl group with a relatively long chain length, the vertical alignment property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be effectively improved.

[0134] Specifically, it is preferable that the ionic compound comprising nonmetallic atoms satisfies the following formula (9). 5 <M<16 (9) In the formula (9), M is expressed by the following formula (10). M = (number of covalent bonds from the positively charged atom to the end of the molecular chain of the substituent with the most covalent bonds to the end of the molecular chain among the substituents directly bonded to the positively charged atom) ÷ (number of positively charged atoms) (10) When the ionic compound satisfies the above condition (9), the vertical alignment property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be effectively improved.

[0135] When two or more positively charged atoms are present in the molecule of an ionic compound composed of nonmetallic atoms, for a substituent having two or more positively charged atoms, the number of covalent bonds from the positively charged atom considered as the base point to the nearest other positively charged atom is defined as "the number of covalent bonds from the positively charged atom to the molecular chain terminal" as defined in the definition of M above. Furthermore, when the ionic compound consisting of nonmetallic atoms is an oligomer or polymer having two or more repeating units, the constituent unit is considered as one molecule and the above M is calculated. When a positively charged atom is incorporated into a ring structure, the number of covalent bonds leading to the positively charged atom via the ring structure, or the number of covalent bonds to the end of the substituent bonded to the ring structure, whichever is greater, is defined as the "number of covalent bonds from the positively charged atom to the molecular chain end" as defined in the definition of M above.

[0136] When the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film contains an ionic compound consisting of non-metallic atoms, the content thereof in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition that forms the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film is usually preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and is also preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 4 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 3 parts by mass or less. When the content of the ionic compound consisting of non-metallic atoms is within the above range, the vertical alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be effectively promoted while maintaining good coating properties and alignment properties of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.

[0137] When the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film contains both a nonionic silane compound and an ionic compound consisting of nonmetal atoms, the vertical alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is more easily promoted due to the electrostatic interaction derived from the ionic compound and the surface tension reducing effect derived from the nonionic silane compound, thereby making it possible to form a liquid crystal cured film in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is vertically aligned with higher accuracy. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film contains a nonionic silane compound and an ionic compound composed of nonmetal atoms.

[0138] To form a liquid crystal cured layer, a composition for forming a liquid crystal cured layer is applied onto a substrate or an alignment film, and then the composition is irradiated with light to polymerize the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0139] Examples of methods for applying the liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition onto a substrate or an alignment film include extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, CAP coating, slit coating, and die coating. Other examples include coating methods using a coater such as a dip coater, a bar coater, or a spin coater. Among these, CAP coating, inkjet coating, dip coating, slit coating, die coating, and coating methods using a bar coater are preferred because they allow continuous coating in a roll-to-roll manner. When coating in a roll-to-roll manner, a composition containing an orienting polymer is applied to a substrate to form an alignment film, and a liquid crystal cured layer can be continuously formed on the resulting alignment film.

[0140] The light irradiation is usually carried out with visible light or ultraviolet light, with ultraviolet light being preferred.

[0141] The applied composition for forming a cured liquid crystal layer may be directly irradiated with light. However, if the composition for forming a cured liquid crystal layer contains a solvent, it is preferable to dry the composition to remove the solvent before irradiating with light. By removing the solvent from the applied composition for forming a cured liquid crystal layer, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the composition for forming a cured liquid crystal layer forms a liquid crystal alignment. Drying (solvent removal) may be performed in parallel with the light irradiation, but it is preferable to remove most of the solvent before light irradiation. Drying methods include the same methods as those used for forming the alignment film. Of these, natural drying or heat drying is preferable. The drying temperature is preferably in the range of 0°C to 250°C, more preferably 50°C to 220°C, and even more preferably 60°C to 170°C. The drying time is preferably 10 seconds to 60 minutes, more preferably 30 seconds to 30 minutes.

[0142] (Second protective layer 30) A transparent resin layer is usually used as the second protective layer 30. "Transparent" refers to a property in which the transmittance for light rays with wavelengths of 380 to 780 nm is 80% or more. The transparent resin layer may be a thermoplastic resin layer or a cured layer of a curable resin composition.

[0143] (Thermoplastic resin layer used in the second protective layer) Examples of thermoplastic resins include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and norbornene-based polymers; polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene terephthalate; polymethacrylic acid esters such as polymethyl methacrylate; polyacrylic acid esters; cellulose esters; polyethylene naphthalate; polycarbonate; polysulfone; polyether sulfone; polyether ketone; polyphenylene sulfide; and polyphenylene oxide. Among these, substrates made of polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and norbornene-based polymers are preferred. Cyclic polyolefins such as norbornene-based polymers are particularly suitable. The thermoplastic resin layer may be surface-treated (e.g., corona treatment) to improve adhesion.

[0144] The thermoplastic resin layer may be oriented or unoriented.

[0145] (Characteristics of the second protective layer) The thickness of the second protective layer 30 may be 10 μm or more and 70 μm or less.

[0146] The moisture permeability of the second protective layer is 100 g / m 2 / day or less, and 2 / day or less, and 50 g / m 2 / day or less is more preferable.

[0147] The ratio of the moisture permeability of the first protective layer to the moisture permeability of the second protective layer may be 0.1-10.

[0148] The second protective layer can be a positive A plate. Specifically, the second protective layer can satisfy the following formula (1): nx>ny≒nz (1) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer; ny represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the nx direction in the plane of the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer; and nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer.) In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the refractive index refers to the refractive index of light with a wavelength of 589.3 nm (D line of sodium).

[0149] The symbol "≒" in the above text not only refers to the case where both sides of the symbol are completely identical, but also to the case where both sides of the symbol are substantially identical. When ny≒nz, "substantially the same" means that (ny-nz)×d (where d is the thickness of the second protective layer) is -10 to 10 nm, and (ny-nz)×d is preferably -5 to 5 nm.

[0150] When the second protective layer 30 is a positive A plate, the in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) at a wavelength of 550 nm of the second protective layer 30 may be 100 nm or more, or 120 nm or more. This in-plane retardation may be 200 nm or less, or 170 nm or less.

[0151] (Laminate structure of laminate 100) In the first embodiment of FIG. 1, the first protective layer 10 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20 are in direct contact with each other, and the liquid crystal cured layer 20 and the second protective layer 30 are in direct contact with each other.

[0152] (Second embodiment) A laminate 100 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 2. In the following embodiments, the same points as those in the first embodiment will not be described. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the laminate 100 includes a functional layer 70 between the liquid crystal cured layer 20 and the second protective layer 30.

[0153] (Functional layer 70) The functional layer 70 may be a cured layer of the curable resin composition described in the section of the first protective layer 10. The functional layer 70 may also be an alignment film described in the section of the liquid crystal cured layer 20.

[0154] The thickness of the functional layer 70 may be 0.01 μm or more and 7 μm or less.

[0155] The moisture permeability of the functional layer 70 is 700 g / m 2 / day or less, preferably 500g / m 2 / day, more preferably 300g / m 2 / day or less. When the moisture permeability is to be reduced, it is preferable that the functional layer is a layer of a cured product of a curable resin composition.

[0156] The in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of the functional layer 70 at a wavelength of 550 nm may be 5 nm or less.

[0157] In the second embodiment of FIG. 2, the functional layer 70 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20 are in direct contact with each other, and the functional layer 70 and the second protective layer 30 are in direct contact with each other.

[0158] (Third embodiment) A laminate 100 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the laminate 100 includes a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 40 between the first protective layer 10 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20.

[0159] (Adhesive layer) The adhesive layer refers to a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or an adhesive layer. From the viewpoint of heat resistance, an adhesive layer is preferred, and a radical polymerization type adhesive is suitable.

[0160] (adhesive layer) The storage modulus of the adhesive layer is 1.0 x 10 at 25°C. 7 Pa or more, and 8 It may be Pa or more. The storage modulus is measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement device such as a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement device RSAIII manufactured by TA Instruments under the following measurement conditions. Sample size: width 10mm, length 30mm, Clamping distance 20mm, Measurement mode: tension, frequency: 1Hz, heating rate: 5℃ / min The adhesive layer may have a glass transition temperature of 25° C. or higher. The adhesive layer may have a glass transition temperature of 60° C. or higher, 70° C. or higher, or 300° C. or lower, or 240° C. or lower. The glass transition temperature can be measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Examples of adhesive compositions that form the adhesive layer include curable adhesive compositions that are cured by heating or irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, and X-rays. Examples of aqueous adhesive compositions include those in which a polyvinyl alcohol resin or a urethane resin is dissolved in water as the main component, and those in which a polyvinyl alcohol resin or a urethane resin is dispersed in water as the main component. The aqueous adhesive composition may further contain a curable component or crosslinking agent such as a polyaldehyde, a melamine compound, a zirconia compound, a zinc compound, a glyoxal compound, or a water-soluble epoxy resin. Examples of aqueous adhesive compositions include the adhesive composition described in JP 2010-191389 A, the adhesive composition described in JP 2011-107686 A, the composition described in JP 2020-172088 A, and the composition described in JP 2005-208456 A.

[0161] The curable adhesive composition is preferably an active energy ray-curable adhesive composition that contains a curable (polymerizable) compound as a main component and is cured by irradiation with active energy rays. Examples of active energy ray-curable adhesive compositions include cationic polymerization adhesive compositions that contain a cationic polymerizable compound as the curable compound, radical polymerization adhesive compositions that contain a radical polymerizable compound as the curable compound, and hybrid adhesive compositions that contain both a cationic polymerizable compound and a radical polymerizable compound as the curable compound.

[0162] The cationically polymerizable compound is a compound or oligomer that undergoes cationic polymerization reaction and hardens when exposed to active energy rays such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, or X-rays or when heated. Specific examples include epoxy compounds, oxetane compounds, and vinyl compounds. Examples of epoxy compounds include alicyclic epoxy compounds (compounds having one or more epoxy groups bonded to an alicyclic ring in the molecule) such as 3',4'-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate; aromatic epoxy compounds (compounds having an aromatic ring and an epoxy group in the molecule) such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; and aliphatic epoxy compounds (compounds having at least one oxirane ring bonded to an aliphatic carbon atom in the molecule) such as 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether.

[0163] Examples of the oxetane compound include compounds having one or more oxetane rings in the molecule, such as 3-ethyl-3-{[(3-ethyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy]methyl}oxetane.

[0164] The cationic polymerization adhesive composition preferably contains a cationic polymerization initiator. The cationic polymerization initiator may be a thermal cationic polymerization initiator or a photo-induced cationic polymerization initiator. Examples of the cationic polymerization initiator include aromatic diazonium salts such as benzenediazonium hexafluoroantimonate; aromatic iodonium salts such as diphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; aromatic sulfonium salts such as triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate; and iron-arene complexes such as xylene-cyclopentadienyl iron(II) hexafluoroantimonate. The content of the cationic polymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the cationic polymerizable compound. Two or more types of cationic polymerization initiators may be contained.

[0165] Examples of cationic polymerization adhesive compositions include the cationic polymerization compositions described in JP 2016-126345 A and JP 2021-113969 A.

[0166] The radical polymerizable compound is a compound or oligomer that undergoes a radical polymerization reaction and hardens when exposed to active energy rays such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, or X-rays or when heated, and specific examples thereof include compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated bond. Examples of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include (meth)acrylic compounds having one or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule and vinyl compounds having one or more vinyl groups in the molecule.

[0167] Examples of the (meth)acrylic compound include (meth)acrylate monomers and (meth)acrylamide monomers each having at least one (meth)acryloyloxy group in the molecule, and (meth)acryl group-containing compounds such as (meth)acrylic oligomers obtained by reacting two or more functional group-containing compounds and each having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule.

[0168] The radical polymerization adhesive composition preferably contains a radical polymerization initiator. The radical polymerization initiator may be a thermal radical polymerization initiator or a photoradical polymerization initiator. Examples of the radical polymerization initiator include acetophenone-based initiators such as acetophenone and 3-methylacetophenone; benzophenone-based initiators such as benzophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, and 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone; benzoin ether-based initiators such as benzoin propyl ether and benzoin ethyl ether; thioxanthone-based initiators such as 4-isopropylthioxanthone; xanthone, fluorenone, etc. The content of the radical polymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the radical polymerizable compound. Two or more types of radical polymerization initiators may be used.

[0169] Examples of radical polymerization adhesive compositions include the radical polymerizable compositions described in JP 2016-126345 A, JP 2016-153474 A, and WO 2017 / 183335 A.

[0170] The active energy ray-curable adhesive composition may contain additives such as an ion trapping agent, an antioxidant, a chain transfer agent, a tackifier, a thermoplastic resin, a filler, a flow adjuster, a plasticizer, an antifoaming agent, an antistatic agent, a leveling agent, and a solvent, as needed.

[0171] The bonding of two layers with an adhesive layer can be carried out by applying an adhesive composition to at least one of the bonding surfaces selected from the bonding surfaces of each of the two layers, overlapping the two layers with the coating layer of the adhesive composition interposed therebetween, pressing them together from above and below using a bonding roll or the like, and then drying the adhesive layer, curing it by irradiating it with active energy rays, or curing it by heating.

[0172] Before forming the coating layer of the adhesive layer, at least one of the bonding surfaces of the two layers may be subjected to an adhesion-improving treatment such as saponification treatment, corona treatment, plasma treatment, primer treatment, anchor coating treatment, etc. Various coating methods can be used to form the coating layer of the adhesive composition, such as a die coater, comma coater, gravure coater, wire bar coater, doctor blade coater, etc.

[0173] The light irradiation intensity when irradiating with active energy rays is determined depending on the composition of the active energy ray-curable adhesive composition and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mW / cm 2 More than 1,000mW / cm 2 The irradiation intensity is preferably an intensity in a wavelength region effective for activating a photocationic polymerization initiator or a photoradical polymerization initiator. Irradiation is performed once or multiple times at such a light irradiation intensity, and the cumulative light amount is 10 mJ / cm or less. 2 It is preferable to set the dose to 100 mJ / cm or more. 2 More than 1,000mJ / cm 2 It is more preferable to set the following:

[0174] The light source used to polymerize and cure the active energy ray-curable adhesive composition is not particularly limited, but examples include low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, xenon lamps, halogen lamps, chemical lamps, black light lamps, microwave-excited mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps.

[0175] (Pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) The storage modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer at 25°C is 1.0 x 10 3 Pa~1.0×10 6 The storage modulus may be measured in Pa. The storage modulus can be measured in the same manner as for the adhesive layer. The glass transition temperature of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be less than 25° C. The glass transition temperature of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be −60° C. or higher, −50° C. or higher, −45° C. or higher, −40° C. or higher, 20° C. or lower, 10° C. or lower, 15° C. or lower, or 0° C. or lower. The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be any known pressure-sensitive adhesive composition with excellent optical transparency, without any particular limitation. For example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition having a base polymer such as a (meth)acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a silicone resin, or a polyvinyl ether resin can be used. Active energy ray-curable pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions and thermosetting pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions are also suitable. Among these, pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions having a (meth)acrylic resin as a base polymer, which is excellent in transparency, adhesive strength, removability, weather resistance, heat resistance, etc., are preferred. The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may further contain a crosslinker, a silane compound, an antistatic agent, etc.

[0176] [(Meth)acrylic resin] The (meth)acrylic resin contained in the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is preferably a polymer (hereinafter also referred to as a "(meth)acrylic acid ester polymer") having as its main component (for example, containing 50 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the structural units of the (meth)acrylic resin) a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester represented by the following formula (VIII) (hereinafter also referred to as "structural unit (VIII)"):

[0177] [ka] [In formula (VIII), R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 20 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group may have any of a linear, branched, or cyclic structure, and a hydrogen atom of the alkyl group may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0178] Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by formula (VIII) include methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, n-propyl(meth)acrylate, i-propyl(meth)acrylate, n-butyl(meth)acrylate, i-butyl(meth)acrylate, n-pentyl(meth)acrylate, n-hexyl(meth)acrylate, i-hexyl(meth)acrylate, n-heptyl(meth)acrylate, Examples of the alkoxy group-containing alkyl acrylate include n-octyl (meth)acrylate, i-octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, n- and i-nonyl (meth)acrylate, n-decyl (meth)acrylate, i-decyl (meth)acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and t-butyl (meth)acrylate. Specific examples of the alkoxy group-containing alkyl acrylate include 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, ethoxymethyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-methoxy-2-ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate. In particular, the alkoxy group-containing acrylate preferably accounts for 10% to 40% by mass, preferably 15% to 40% by mass, more preferably 15% to 35% by mass, and particularly preferably 20% to 35% by mass, based on the total amount of structural units constituting the (meth)acrylic resin (VIII). If this content is less than 10% by mass, the ionic conductivity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is low, requiring the addition of a large amount of antistatic agent to ensure the desired antistatic properties, resulting in reduced metal corrosion resistance. If it exceeds 40% by mass, the polarity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive increases, resulting in a high moisture content, which affects the properties of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. Among these, n-butyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate is preferred as the alkyl acrylate, and n-butyl (meth)acrylate is particularly preferred. Furthermore, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate is preferred as the alkoxy group-containing acrylate.

[0179] The (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer may contain a structural unit derived from a monomer other than the structural unit (VIII). The structural unit derived from the other monomer may be one type, or two or more types. Examples of the other monomer that the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer may contain include a monomer having a polar functional group, a monomer having an aromatic group, and a (meth)acrylamide-based monomer.

[0180] Examples of the monomer having a polar functional group include (meth)acrylates having a polar functional group, such as a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an unsubstituted or substituted amino group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a heterocyclic group such as an epoxy group.

[0181] The content of the structural units derived from the monomer having a polar functional group in the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1 part by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of all structural units of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer.

[0182] Examples of the monomer having an aromatic group include (meth)acrylic acid esters having one (meth)acryloyl group and one or more aromatic rings (e.g., benzene ring, naphthalene ring, etc.) in the molecule, and having a phenyl group, a phenoxyethyl group, or a benzyl group. By including these structural units, it is possible to suppress the white spots that occur in polarizing plates in high-temperature, high-humidity environments.

[0183] The content of the structural units derived from the monomer having an aromatic group in the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 4 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 4 parts by mass or more and 15 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of all structural units of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer.

[0184] Examples of (meth)acrylamide monomers include N-(methoxymethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-(ethoxymethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-(propoxymethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-(butoxymethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)(meth)acrylamide, etc. By including these structural units, it is possible to suppress the bleeding out of additives such as antistatic agents, which will be described later.

[0185] Furthermore, structural units derived from monomers other than the structural unit (VIII) may include structural units derived from styrene-based monomers, structural units derived from vinyl-based monomers, structural units derived from monomers having multiple (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule, and the like.

[0186] The weight-average molecular weight (hereinafter simply referred to as "Mw") of the (meth)acrylic resin is preferably 500,000 to 2,500,000. When the weight-average molecular weight is 500,000 or more, the durability of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in high-temperature, high-humidity environments can be improved. When the weight-average molecular weight is 2,500,000 or less, operability during application of a coating liquid containing the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is improved. In this specification, "weight-average molecular weight" and "number-average molecular weight" are polystyrene-equivalent values ​​measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0187] When the (meth)acrylic resin is dissolved in ethyl acetate to form a 20% by mass solution, the viscosity at 25°C is preferably 20 Pa·s or less, and more preferably 0.1 to 15 Pa·s. When the viscosity of the (meth)acrylic resin at 25°C is within this range, the occurrence of streaks can be suppressed during the production of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed from the resin. The viscosity can be measured using a Brookfield viscometer.

[0188] The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the (meth)acrylic resin is preferably in the range of −10 to −60° C., more preferably in the range of −20 to −50° C., and even more preferably in the range of −30 to −45° C. The glass transition temperature can be measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

[0189] The (meth)acrylic resin may contain two or more types of (meth)acrylic acid ester polymers. Examples of such (meth)acrylic acid ester polymers include those having a weight-average molecular weight smaller than that of the above-mentioned (meth)acrylic acid ester polymers having a weight-average molecular weight of 500,000 to 2,500,000. More specifically, examples include (meth)acrylic acid ester polymers having a relatively low molecular weight, mainly composed of a structural unit (VIII) derived from a (meth)acrylic acid ester, and having a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 50,000 to 300,000.

[0190] (Meth)acrylic resins can usually be produced by known polymerization methods such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. In producing (meth)acrylic resins, polymerization is usually carried out in the presence of a polymerization initiator. The amount of polymerization initiator used is usually 0.001 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of all monomers constituting the (meth)acrylic resin. (Meth)acrylic resins can also be produced by a method of polymerization using active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.

[0191] [Crosslinking agent] The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition preferably contains a crosslinking agent, such as a conventional crosslinking agent (e.g., an isocyanate compound, an epoxy compound, an aziridine compound, a metal chelate compound, a peroxide, etc.), and is particularly preferably an isocyanate compound from the viewpoints of the pot life of the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, the crosslinking rate, and the durability of the optical laminate.

[0192] The isocyanate compound is a compound having at least two isocyanato groups (-NCO) in the molecule. Specific examples include tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, and triphenylmethane triisocyanate. Other examples include adducts obtained by reacting these isocyanate compounds with polyols such as glycerol and trimethylolpropane, as well as dimers and trimers of these isocyanate compounds. Two or more isocyanate compounds may be combined.

[0193] The proportion of the crosslinking agent is, for example, 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylic resin.

[0194] [Silane compounds] The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may further contain a silane compound.

[0195] Examples of the silane compound include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylethoxydimethylsilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0196] The silane compound may also contain an oligomer derived from the above silane compound.

[0197] The content of the silane compound in the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is usually 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.03 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylic resin. When the content of the silane compound is 0.01 part by mass or more, the adhesion between the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the adherend tends to be improved, and when the content is 10 parts by mass or less, bleeding out of the silane compound from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer tends to be suppressed.

[0198] [Antistatic agent] The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may contain an antistatic agent. As the antistatic agent, those shown in "(7) Pressure-sensitive adhesive layer" below can be used.

[0199] [others] The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may contain one or more additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, a solvent, a crosslinking catalyst, a tackifier, a plasticizer, etc. It is also useful to blend an ultraviolet-curable compound into the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and then cure it by irradiating it with ultraviolet light to form a harder pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0200] The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be formed, for example, by dissolving or dispersing the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition in a solvent to form a solvent-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, which is then applied to the surface of a substrate or a layer on which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is to be formed, and drying.

[0201] The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is usually 5 to 30 μm, preferably 5 to 25 μm.

[0202] In the third embodiment of FIG. 3, the first protective layer 10 and the first adhesive layer 40 are in direct contact with each other, and the first adhesive layer 40 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20 are in direct contact with each other.

[0203] (Fourth embodiment) A laminate 100 according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 4. In the following embodiments, explanations of the same points as in the second embodiment will be omitted. The fourth embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the laminate 100 includes a first adhesive layer 40 between the first protective layer 10 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20. The material, thickness, etc. of the first adhesive layer 40 can be the same as those described in the third embodiment.

[0204] In the fourth embodiment of FIG. 4, the first protective layer 10 and the first adhesive layer 40 are in direct contact with each other, and the first adhesive layer 40 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20 are in direct contact with each other.

[0205] (Fifth embodiment) A laminate 100 according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5. In the following embodiments, descriptions of the same points as in the second embodiment will be omitted. The fifth embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the laminate 100 includes a second adhesive layer 50 between the functional layer 70 and the second protective layer 30. The material, thickness, etc. of the second adhesive layer 50 can be the same as those of the first adhesive layer 40 described in the third embodiment.

[0206] In the fifth embodiment of FIG. 5, the functional layer 70 and the second adhesive layer 50 are in direct contact with each other, and the second adhesive layer 50 and the second protective layer 30 are in direct contact with each other.

[0207] (Sixth embodiment) A laminate 100 according to a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 6. In the following embodiments, descriptions of the same points as those in the fifth embodiment will be omitted. The sixth embodiment differs from the fifth embodiment in that the laminate 100 includes a first adhesive layer 40 between the first protective layer 10 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20. The material, thickness, etc. of the first adhesive layer 40 may be the same as those of the first adhesive layer 40 described in the third embodiment. The material, thickness, etc. of the first adhesive layer 40 may be the same as or different from those of the second adhesive layer 50.

[0208] In the sixth embodiment of FIG. 6, the first protective layer 10 and the first adhesive layer 40 are in direct contact with each other, and the first adhesive layer 40 and the liquid crystal cured layer 20 are in direct contact with each other.

[0209] (First aspect of the characteristics of each laminate 100 of the above embodiment) (Total light transmittance of laminate) Each laminate 100 has a total light transmittance of 80% or more in the front direction, that is, in the stacking direction.

[0210] The total light reflectance of each laminate 100 in the front direction, that is, in the stacking direction, may be 10% or less. The total light transmittance and total light reflectance of the laminate are measured according to JIS K 7375:2008. In order to increase the total light transmittance, it is preferable that the difference in refractive index between two adjacent layers in the laminate is 0.2 or less.

[0211] (Moisture permeability of laminate 100) The moisture permeability of each laminate 100 is 20 g / m 2 / day or less, preferably 10 g / m 2 / day or less, preferably 5g / m 2 / day or less. The moisture permeability of the laminate can be reduced by reducing the moisture permeability of the first protective layer and the second protective layer.

[0212] (single color of each laminate) The a* value of the simple hue of the laminate 100 measured by irradiating light from the first protective layer 10 side in the normal direction to the surface of the first protective layer 10 is -5.0 to 4.0, and the b* value of the simple hue is -5.0 to 7.0.

[0213] The specific method for measuring the individual hue was to measure using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere equipped with a C light source (for example, V7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation), and the individual hue was calculated by correcting the luminosity of the obtained transmittance and polarization value using a 2-degree visual field (C light source) according to JIS Z 8701.

[0214] Additional Desirable Properties of the Laminate (Dimensional change characteristics of laminate before and after heat resistance test) The laminate 100 may have a maximum in-plane dimensional change rate of ±2% or less before and after heating at 80°C for 5 minutes. To reduce this dimensional change, the rigidity (modulus of longitudinal elasticity x thickness) of the first protective layer and the second protective layer may be increased, which has the effect of suppressing curling.

[0215] (Changes in violet light transmittance before and after the processes of moist heat treatment and UV treatment of laminate) The laminate 100 was subjected to a heat treatment at 60°C and a relative humidity of 90% for 1 hour, and then further exposed to an emission line of 365 nm wavelength at an illuminance of 30 mW / cm from the side of the first protective layer 10. 2 The change in transmittance at a wavelength of 385 nm before and after the irradiation process so that the cumulative light amount is 300 mJ at an intensity of 1000 mJ may be ±10% or less, and preferably ±2% or less. The fact that the deterioration in the purple transmission characteristics after ultraviolet irradiation is small means that there is little disruption of chemical bonds, which has the effect of suppressing changes in retardation value under ultraviolet irradiation.

[0216] (surface hardness of laminate) The second protective layer may have a pencil hardness of 3B or more. That is, the second protective layer may have a pencil hardness of 3B or more. This has the effect of preventing scratches caused by contact between the roll and the second protective layer when a long laminate is laminated to another long film or long laminate using a roll-to-roll method. The pencil hardness is measured according to JIS K 5600-5-4:1999 (General test methods for paints - Part 5: Mechanical properties of coating films - Section 4: Scratch hardness (pencil method)).

[0217] (Tensile modulus of second protective layer) The second protective layer may have a tensile modulus of 60 MPa or more. The tensile modulus is preferably 65 MPa or more, and more preferably 70 MPa or more. When the polarizer constituting the polarizing plate is a stretched film, if a polarizing laminate combining the polarizing plate and the laminate of this embodiment is used in a high-temperature environment, the polarizer may shrink, causing dimensional changes in the entire polarizing laminate. In this case, if the second protective layer has a high tensile modulus, dimensional changes in the second protective layer itself are less likely to occur, even if an external force due to polarizer shrinkage is applied to the entire polarizing laminate, and dimensional changes in the entire polarizing laminate can be suppressed.

[0218] (Operation of the first mode) According to this embodiment, the film has excellent durability in a high-temperature environment, particularly excellent high-temperature durability when laminated with a polarizing plate. The present inventors believe that the reason for this is as follows, for example.

[0219] Polarizing plates typically contain moisture due to PVA films and the like constituting the polarizer, cellulose-based films such as triacetyl cellulose-based resins constituting the protective film, and aqueous adhesive layers constituting the adhesive layer. Furthermore, acids and bases are typically present in the pressure-sensitive adhesives in polarizing plates. When moisture and / or acids or bases derived from the polarizing plate reach the cured liquid crystal layer, hydrolysis, i.e., cleavage of ester bonds or amide bonds, occurs, deteriorating the cured liquid crystal layer and potentially resulting in deterioration of retardation properties. In particular, hydrolysis of the cured liquid crystal layer is likely to be further accelerated in situations where moisture is likely to accumulate, such as when the laminate is sandwiched between glass plates.

[0220] In this embodiment, it is believed that the laminate 100 has the first protective layer 10 on the polarizing plate 200 side, which can suppress the effects of hydrolysis of the liquid crystal cured layer 20 due to moisture and / or acid or base.

[0221] (Second aspect of the characteristics of each laminate 100 of the above embodiment) In this embodiment, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the total light transmittance in the front direction of each laminate, i.e., in the stacking direction, of 80% or more is an optional requirement, and the moisture permeability of each laminate 100 is 20 g / m 2 / day or less is an optional requirement, and the a* value and b* value of the single hue of the laminate 100 measured by irradiating light from the first protective layer 10 side in the normal direction to the surface of the first protective layer 10 are also optional requirements. Instead, in this embodiment, it is essential that the maximum dimensional change rate in the in-plane direction before and after heating at 80° C. for 5 minutes is ±2% or less. That is, the laminate of the second embodiment is a laminate including a first protective layer, a liquid crystal cured layer, and a second protective layer in this order, and the maximum dimensional change rate in the in-plane direction before and after heating at 80°C for 5 minutes is ±2% or less.

[0222] (Third aspect of the characteristics of each laminate 100 of the above embodiment) In this embodiment, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the total light transmittance in the front direction of each laminate, i.e., in the stacking direction, of 80% or more is an optional requirement, and the moisture permeability of each laminate 100 is 20 g / m 2 / day or less is an optional requirement, and the a* value and b* value of the single hue of the laminate 100 measured by irradiating light from the first protective layer 10 side in the normal direction to the surface of the first protective layer 10 are also optional requirements. Instead, the laminate of this embodiment is heat-treated for 1 hour under conditions of 60°C and 90% relative humidity, and then irradiated with an emission line of 365 nm wavelength from the first protective layer side at an illuminance of 30 mW / cm 2 It is essential that the rate of change in transmittance at a wavelength of 385 nm before and after the step of irradiation treatment so that the cumulative amount of light is 300 mJ at an intensity of 100 nm is within ±10%. The rate of change in transmittance may be ±2% or less. That is, the laminate of the third embodiment is a laminate including a first protective layer, a liquid crystal cured layer (optically anisotropic layer), and a second protective layer in this order, and is subjected to heat treatment for 1 hour under conditions of 60°C and a relative humidity of 90%, and then to irradiation from the first protective layer side with an emission line of a wavelength of 365 nm at an illuminance of 30 mJ / cm. 2The change in transmittance at a wavelength of 385 nm before and after the step of irradiating the film with an integrated light quantity of 300 mJ at an intensity of 100 nm is within ±10%. The change in transmittance may be ±2% or less.

[0223] (Fourth aspect of the characteristics of each laminate 100 of the above embodiment) In this embodiment, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the total light transmittance in the front direction of each laminate, i.e., in the stacking direction, of 80% or more is an optional requirement, and the moisture permeability of each laminate 100 is 20 g / m 2 / day or less is an optional requirement, and the a* value and b* value of the single hue of the laminate 100 measured by irradiating light from the first protective layer 10 side in the normal direction to the surface of the first protective layer 10 are also optional requirements. Instead, in this embodiment, it is essential that the pencil hardness of the second protective layer is 3B or more. That is, the laminate of the fourth embodiment is a laminate including a first protective layer, a liquid crystal cured layer, and a second protective layer in this order, and the pencil hardness of the second protective layer is 3B or more.

[0224] (Polarizing laminate 300) Next, a polarizing laminate 300 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0225] 1 to 6, a polarizing laminate 300 according to this embodiment includes a polarizing plate 200 and any one of the above-described laminates 100. Each of the above-described laminates 100 includes a first protective layer 10 and a second protective layer 30, and in the polarizing laminate 300 according to this embodiment, the polarizing plate 200 and the laminate 100 are laminated such that the first protective layer 10 is closer to the polarizing plate 200 than the second protective layer 30.

[0226] (Polarizing plate 200) 7, the polarizing plate 200 includes at least a polarizer 210. When the second protective layer 30 of the laminate 100 is a positive A plate, the slow axis of the second protective layer 30 and the absorption axis of the polarizer 210 intersect at 0°±5° or 90°±5°. The polarizer 210 may have a first adhesive layer 240 on the side closer to the laminate 100, which bonds the polarizer 210 to the first protective layer 10 side of the laminate 100. The polarizer 210 and the first adhesive layer 240 may be in direct contact with each other.

[0227] The polarizer 210 may have a polarizer protective film 230 on the side away from the laminate 100, with a second adhesive layer 220 interposed therebetween. The polarizer 210 and the second adhesive layer 220 may be in direct contact, and the second adhesive layer 220 and the polarizer protective film 230 may be in direct contact.

[0228] (Polarizer 210 of polarizing plate 200) An example of the polarizer 210 is a stretched film having a dichroic dye adsorbed thereon. Specific examples of the dichroic dye include iodine and dichroic organic dyes. Examples of dichroic organic dyes include dichroic direct dyes made of disazo compounds such as CIDIRECT RED 39, and dichroic direct dyes made of compounds such as trisazo and tetrakisazo.

[0229] The stretched film having the dichroic dye adsorbed thereon is preferably a polyvinyl alcohol film. Such a polarizer can be manufactured by uniaxially stretching a polyvinyl alcohol resin film, dyeing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film with a dichroic dye to adsorb the dichroic dye, treating the polyvinyl alcohol resin film having the dichroic dye adsorbed thereon with a boric acid aqueous solution, and washing the film with water after the treatment with the boric acid aqueous solution. The thickness of the polarizer 210 may be, for example, 2 μm or more and 40 μm or less, or may be 5 μm or more, 20 μm or less, further 15 μm or less, or even 10 μm or less.

[0230] Polyvinyl alcohol resins are obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate resins. Examples of polyvinyl acetate resins include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate with other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl acetate. Examples of other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl acetate include unsaturated carboxylic acids, olefins, vinyl ethers, unsaturated sulfonic acids, and (meth)acrylamides having an ammonium group.

[0231] The saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is usually about 85 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, preferably 98 mol% or more. The polyvinyl alcohol resin may be modified, for example, polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes can be used. The polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is usually 1,000 or more and 10,000 or less, preferably 1,500 or more and 5,000 or less.

[0232] (Polarizer protection film 230 of polarizing plate 200) 7 may be a thermoplastic resin film. Examples of the thermoplastic resin film include polyolefin resins such as linear polyolefin resins (such as polypropylene resins) and cyclic polyolefin resins (such as norbornene resins), cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose resins, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate resins, (meth)acrylic resins, or mixtures thereof.

[0233] The thermoplastic resin film may or may not have a retardation. From the viewpoint of thinning, the thickness of the polarizer protective film is usually 300 μm or less, preferably 200 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less, even more preferably 80 μm or less, and still more preferably 60 μm or less. The thickness of the thermoplastic resin film is usually 5 μm or more, preferably 20 μm or more. The thermoplastic resin film can be attached to the polarizer layer 103 using, for example, an adhesive layer.

[0234] (First adhesive layer 240 and second adhesive layer 220 of the polarizer) As the adhesive used for the first adhesive layer 240 and the second adhesive layer 220 of the polarizing plate 200, the adhesives mentioned in the first adhesive layer of the third embodiment can be used as appropriate.

[0235] The thickness of the first adhesive layer 240 and the second adhesive layer 220 can be independently set to 0.1 to 5 μm.

[0236] (Between the polarizer 210 and the first adhesive layer) 7, a retardation layer or an additional polarizer protective film may be interposed between the polarizer 210 and the first adhesive layer 240. Another adhesive layer similar to the first adhesive layer may be interposed between the polarizer and the retardation layer or the additional polarizer protective film.

[0237] (Image display device) As shown in FIG. 8, the image display device according to this embodiment includes the above-described polarizing laminate 300, a liquid crystal panel 400, and a rear-side polarizing plate 500.

[0238] There are no particular limitations on the liquid crystal panel 400, but it is particularly preferable that it be of the IPS type.

[0239] The polarizing laminate 300 and the liquid crystal panel 400 may be laminated via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0240] The rear-side polarizing plate can have a polarizer and a pair of protective films sandwiching the polarizer. [Example]

[0241] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the following examples. In the examples, "%" and "parts" mean "% by mass" and "parts by mass" unless otherwise specified. In the following examples, the film thickness was measured using an Ellipsometer M-220 manufactured by JASCO Corporation, or a contact film thickness meter (Nikon MH-15M, Counter TC101, MS-5C). The retardation value in the thickness direction Rth(λ), the in-plane retardation value Re(λ), and the apparent retardation value R50(λ) measured from the 50° direction were measured and calculated using an ellipsometer KOBRA-WPR manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd. or an ellipsometer M-220 manufactured by JASCO Corporation. The corona treatment device used was an AGF-B10 manufactured by Kasuga Electric Co., Ltd. Corona treatment can be carried out as appropriate when applying the composition to a substrate. Using the corona treatment device, treatment was carried out once under conditions of an output of 0.3 kW and a treatment speed of 3 m / min.

[0242] (Preparation of compositions for forming each layer) Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and parts by weight are used. [Functional Layer 1: Preparation of Composition for Forming Vertical Alignment Film] A silane coupling agent "KBE-9103" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethanol and water in a ratio of 9:1 (mass ratio) to obtain a composition for forming a vertical alignment film with a solid content of 0.5%.

[0243] [Preparation of Positive Wavelength Dispersion Positive C-Type Liquid Crystal Cured Layer-Forming Composition 1′] The composition of the liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition 1' is shown in Table 1. The components were mixed, and the resulting solution was stirred at 80°C for 1 hour and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the liquid crystal cured layer-forming composition 1'. [Table 1]

[0244] The values ​​in parentheses in Table 1 represent the content ratio of each component relative to the total amount of the prepared composition. In Table 4, LR9000 represents Laromer (registered trademark) LR-9000 manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., Irg907 represents Irgacure (registered trademark) 907 manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., BYK361N represents a leveling agent manufactured by BYK Japan Ltd., LC242 represents a polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula manufactured by BASF, and PGMEA represents propylene glycol 1-monomethyl ether 2-acetate. [ka]

[0245] (Preparation of samples for measuring wavelength dispersion of each liquid crystal cured layer (retardation layer) single film)

[0246] 1. Formation of vertical alignment film The composition for forming a vertical alignment film was applied by bar coating onto a COP film (ZF-14-50) manufactured by Zeon Corporation, and then heated and dried for 1 minute in an oven at 90° C. The thickness of the resulting vertical alignment film was measured with an ellipsometer and found to be 40 nm.

[0247] 2. Formation of a vertical alignment liquid crystal hardened layer The vertical alignment film was coated with composition 1' for forming a cured liquid crystal layer using a bar coater, dried at 120°C for 1 minute, and then irradiated with ultraviolet light (500mJ / cm2 at 365nm wavelength under nitrogen atmosphere using a high-pressure mercury lamp (Uniquer VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) to form a vertical alignment liquid crystal cured layer (positive wavelength dispersion C). This resulted in a laminate film consisting of the substrate, vertical alignment film, and vertical alignment liquid crystal cured layer. The thickness of the vertical alignment liquid crystal cured layer was measured with an ellipsometer and found to be 1.3µm.

[0248] [Rth measurement of vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer] The vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer side of the substrate (COP) / vertical alignment film / vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer obtained above was laminated to glass via a pressure-sensitive adhesive (5 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive manufactured by Lintec Corporation). After confirming that the COP had no retardation, the retardation value was measured by changing the incident angle of light onto the sample using an ellipsometer. The average refractive index at wavelengths λ of 450 nm and 550 nm was also measured using a refractometer (Atago Co., Ltd., "Multi-wavelength Abbe Refractometer DR-M4"). The thickness direction retardation Rth(450) at 450 nm and Rth(550) at 550 nm calculated from the obtained film thickness, average refractive index, and ellipsometer measurement results was Rth(450) = -76 nm and Rth(550) = -68 nm, respectively, and Rth(450) / Rth(550) = 1.11.

[0249] (Production of Laminates in Examples and Comparative Examples) Example 1 (Laminate 100 in FIG. 4) The second protective layer 30 was a COP film (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm, moisture permeability 10 g / m) manufactured by Zeon Corporation. 2 / day) surface was subjected to corona treatment. A composition for forming a vertical alignment film as a functional layer 70 was applied onto the corona-treated surface by a bar coating method, and then heated and dried in an oven at 90°C for 1 minute. The film thickness of the obtained vertical alignment film was measured with an ellipsometer and found to be 40 nm. Next, to form an optically anisotropic layer, a composition for forming a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (1') was applied onto the vertical alignment film using a bar coater, and dried at 120°C for 1 minute. After that, ultraviolet light was irradiated (under a nitrogen atmosphere, cumulative light intensity at a wavelength of 365 nm: 500 mJ / cm) using a high-pressure mercury lamp ("Uniquer VB-15201BY-A", manufactured by Ushio Inc.). 2 ) to form a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer (thickness: 1.3 μm), and a laminate consisting of COP (ZT-12) / vertical alignment film / vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer was obtained. Next, a COP film (ZF-14, thickness 13 μm, Re(550)=0 nm, moisture permeability 30 g / m) manufactured by Zeon Corporation was used as the first protective layer. 2One side of the laminate and the surface of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer side of the laminate prepared above were subjected to corona treatment, and these were then bonded together via a 5 μm thick acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation) to obtain a laminate of Example 1 consisting of COP (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm) / vertical alignment film / vertically aligned liquid crystal cured layer / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / COP (ZF-14, thickness 13 μm, Re(550)=0 nm).

[0250] Example 2 (Laminate 100 in FIG. 3) An optical laminate of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that no vertical alignment film was used, consisting of COP (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm) / vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / COP (ZF-14, thickness 13 μm, Re(550)=0 nm).

[0251] Example 3 (Laminate 100 in FIG. 3) The first protective layer was a COP film manufactured by Zeon Corporation (ZF-14, thickness 23 μm, Re(550)=0 nm, moisture permeability 16 g / m 2 A laminate of Example 3 consisting of COP (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm) / cured vertically aligned liquid crystal film / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / COP (ZF-14, thickness 23 μm, Re(550)=0 nm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that a COP (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm) / cured vertically aligned liquid crystal film / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / COP (ZF-14, thickness 23 μm, Re(550)=0 nm) was used.

[0252] Example 4 (Laminate 100 in FIG. 3) The first protective layer was a COP film manufactured by Zeon Corporation (ZF-14, thickness 50 μm, Re(550) = 0 nm, moisture permeability 6 g / m 2 A laminate of Example 4 consisting of COP (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm) / cured vertically aligned liquid crystal film / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / COP (ZF-14, thickness 50 μm, Re(550)=0 nm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that a COP (ZT-12, thickness 30 μm, Re(550)=140 nm) / cured vertically aligned liquid crystal film / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / COP (ZF-14, thickness 50 μm, Re(550)=0 nm) was used.

[0253] Comparative Example 1 As a second protective layer, the surface of a biaxially stretched acrylic film (thickness: 40 μm, Re(550)=0 nm) was subjected to a corona treatment. A composition for forming a vertical alignment film as a functional layer was applied to the corona-treated surface by a bar coating method, and the functional layer was dried by heating in an oven at 90°C for 1 minute. The thickness of the obtained vertical alignment film was measured with an ellipsometer and found to be 100 nm. Next, to form an optically anisotropic layer, a composition for forming a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (1') was applied to the vertical alignment film using a bar coater, and the film was dried at 120°C for 1 minute. After that, the film was irradiated with ultraviolet light (under a nitrogen atmosphere, cumulative light intensity at a wavelength of 365 nm: 500 mJ / cm) using a high-pressure mercury lamp (Uniqure VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.). 2 ) to form a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film, and a laminate of Comparative Example 1 consisting of biaxially stretched acrylic film / vertical alignment film / vertical alignment liquid crystal cured film (thickness 1.0 μm) was obtained.

[0254] (Measurement of the single color, total light transmittance, and total light reflectance of the laminate) The single body hue (a*, b*) and total light transmittance in the front direction of the laminates of the examples and comparative examples were measured using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere and a C light source (V7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation) with visibility correction performed using a 2-degree visual field (C light source) according to JIS Z 8701. The total light reflectance of the laminates of the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured as follows. Measurements were carried out in accordance with JIS K 7105 using an HR-100 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd.

[0255] (Measurement of moisture permeability of laminate, protective layer, and functional layer) The test was carried out in accordance with the moisture permeability test (cup method) of JIS Z 0208. The measurement was carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 90%.

[0256] (Measurement of dimensional change rate of laminate before and after heat resistance test) The dimensional change rate in the slow axis direction of the second protective layer when the laminate was heated at 80°C for 5 minutes was measured as follows. First, the prepared laminate was cut into 100 mm x 100 mm pieces using a super cutter in the slow axis direction of the second protective layer and in the fast axis direction, which is perpendicular to the slow axis direction. The laminate was then left to stand for one day in an environment at 23°C and 55% humidity, and the dimension in the slow axis direction (L0) was measured. Next, the laminate was left to stand for 5 minutes in an environment at 80°C, and then again in an environment at 23°C and 55% humidity for one hour, after which the dimension in the slow axis direction (L1) was measured. Based on the results, the dimensional change rate (%) was calculated using formula (c). Dimensional change rate = [(L0-L1) / L0] x 100 (c)

[0257] (Change in transmittance of 365 nm light before and after the processes of moist heat treatment and UV treatment of laminate) The laminate was left standing at 60°C and 90% relative humidity for 1 hour for heat treatment, and then further treated with ultraviolet light (conditions: irradiating the first protective layer with a wavelength of 365 nm at an illuminance of 30 mW / cm 2 Before and after the step of applying an integrated light amount of 300 mJ at an intensity of 1000 nm, the change in transmittance at 385 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer V7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation.

[0258] (Tensile strength test of second protective layer) A rectangular test piece 100 mm long in the slow axis direction and 20 mm long in the fast axis direction was cut out from the second protective layer. The test piece was then clamped at both ends in the MD length direction with the upper and lower grips of a tensile testing machine (Shimadzu Corporation's "Autograph AG-1S Testing Machine") with a 5 cm gap between the grips, and the test piece was pulled in the slow axis direction at a tension rate of 5 mm / min in an environment of 25°C. The tensile modulus (MPa) at 25°C was calculated from the slope of the initial straight line in the obtained stress-strain curve.

[0259] (Pencil hardness measurement of the second protective layer) The second protective layer was cut into a 10 cm x 10 cm size using a utility knife, and all four sides of the cut piece were fixed to a glass plate with cellophane tape. In this state, a pencil hardness test was performed according to JIS K 5600-5-4:1999 "General test methods for paints - Part 5: Mechanical properties of coating films - Section 4: Scratch hardness (pencil method)."

[0260] (evaluation) (Heat resistance test: Measurement of deterioration of retardation of laminate before and after exposure to high temperature) (Step 1: Creating a double-sided glass laminate sample for high-temperature durability testing) The obtained laminate was cut into a size of 10 cm x 10 cm, the surface of the second protective layer was subjected to corona treatment, and the second protective layer was attached to a glass plate via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive manufactured by Lintec Corporation. Next, the surface of the first protective layer (the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film in Comparative Example 1) of the laminate was also subjected to corona treatment, and the first protective layer (the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film in Comparative Example 1) was bonded to a saponified triacetyl cellulose film (KC4UYTAC, 40 μm thick, manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.) via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive manufactured by Lintec Corporation. The surface of the triacetyl cellulose film was then bonded to a glass plate via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive manufactured by Lintec Corporation. For example, in Example 1, a double-sided glass laminate sample consisting of glass plate / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / second protective layer / liquid crystal cured layer / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / first protective layer / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / triacetyl cellulose film / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / glass plate was obtained.

[0261] (Step 2: Measurement of the retardation value Re50 (550) of the double-sided glass laminate sample before the heat resistance test) The retardation value of the double-sided glass laminate sample was measured as follows. Using a KOBRA-WPR manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, the front retardation value was measured by changing the angle of incidence of light onto the double-sided glass laminate sample, and the retardation value Re50(550) at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm when tilted 50° from the center of the fast axis.

[0262] (Step 3: Heat resistance test and subsequent phase difference measurement) The double-sided glass laminate sample was left standing in a thermostatic chamber set at 105°C for 250 hours, and then removed from the thermostatic chamber and left standing in a room temperature (25°C, 55% RH) environment for 1 hour. Thereafter, the retardation value Re50(550) was measured by the method described in step 2 above.

[0263] The conditions and results are shown in Table 2. [Table 2] [Explanation of symbols]

[0264] 10...first protective layer, 20...liquid crystal cured layer, 30...second protective layer, 40...first adhesive layer, 50...second adhesive layer, 70...functional layer, 100...laminate, 200...polarizing plate, 300...polarizing laminate.

Claims

1. A laminate including a first protective layer, a liquid crystal cured layer, and a second protective layer in this order, The total light transmittance in the front direction of the laminate is 80% or more, The moisture permeability of the laminate is 20 g / m ２ / day or less, a laminate, wherein the a* value of the single hue of the laminate measured by irradiating light from the first protective layer side in a normal direction to the surface of the first protective layer is −5.0 to 4.0, and the b* value of the single hue of the laminate is −5.0 to 7.

0.

2. The laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer has a thickness of 0.1 μm or more and 70 μm or less.

3. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal cured layer is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

4. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second protective layer has a thickness of 10 μm or more and 70 μm or less.

5. The laminate according to claim 1 , further comprising a functional layer between the liquid crystal curing layer and the second protective layer.

6. The laminate according to claim 5 , wherein the functional layer has a thickness of 0.01 μm or more and 7 μm or less.

7. The moisture permeability of the first protective layer is 300 g / m ２ The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average particle size is 1 / day or less.

8. The moisture permeability of the second protective layer is 100 g / m ２ The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average particle size is 1 / day or less.

9. The moisture permeability of the functional layer is 300 g / m ２ The laminate according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the average particle size is 1 / day or less.

10. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total light reflectance in the front direction of the laminate is 10% or less.

11. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal cured layer satisfies the following formula (1): nx>ny≒nz (1) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer. ny represents the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer, and nz represents the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer.

12. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal cured layer satisfies the following formula (2): nx≒ny<nz (2) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer. ny represents the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer, and nz represents the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the cured liquid crystal layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the cured liquid crystal layer.

13. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first protective layer has an in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of 5 nm or less at a wavelength of 550 nm.

14. The laminate according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the functional layer has an in-plane retardation value (Re(550)) of 5 nm or less at a wavelength of 550 nm.

15. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second protective layer satisfies the following formula (1): nx>ny≒nz (1) (In the formula, nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer. ny represents the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the nx direction in the plane of the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer, and nz represents the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the second protective layer in the index ellipsoid formed by the second protective layer.

16. A polarizing laminate comprising a polarizing plate and the laminate according to claim 1, A polarizing laminate comprising the polarizing plate, the first protective layer, the cured liquid crystal layer, and the second protective layer laminated in this order.

17. A polarizing laminate comprising a polarizing plate and the laminate according to claim 5, A polarizing laminate comprising the polarizing plate, the first protective layer, the liquid crystal cured layer, the functional layer, and the second protective layer laminated in this order.

18. The polarizing laminate according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the first protective layer and the liquid crystal cured layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.

19. The polarizing laminate according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the first protective layer and the cured liquid crystal layer are laminated via an adhesive layer.

20. The polarizing laminate according to claim 17 , wherein the liquid crystal curing layer and the functional layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.

21. The polarizing laminate according to claim 17 , wherein the functional layer and the second protective layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.

22. An image display device comprising the polarizing laminate according to claim 16 or 17.

Images