Test agent for cancer

Abstract

To provide a cancer inspection technique using an olfactory receptor.SOLUTION: A test agent for cancer, comprising an insect olfactory receptor protein B ' having reactivity with a plurality of types of cancers in the same direction.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a cancer diagnostic agent and the like. [Background technology]

[0002] Cancer is the leading cause of death in Japan, with around one million people contracting the disease each year. With the aging population, these numbers are expected to continue to increase. Early diagnosis leads to early treatment, which is expected to improve prognosis, so efforts are underway to develop simpler cancer risk testing technologies.

[0003] Groups of odorants that characterize specific human diseases and mental states have been identified, and because of their high utility as test markers, the development of various odor sensors targeting these has become active. Because biological olfactory receptors have superior properties in terms of diversity, sensitivity, selectivity, etc. that are not found in conventional odor sensor elements such as semiconductors, there are high expectations for the development of new odor sensors that use olfactory receptors as sensor elements.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses the use of cells expressing modified olfactory receptors or lipid bilayer membranes comprising modified olfactory receptors as odor sensors. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2022 / 024902 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a cancer testing technology that utilizes olfactory receptors. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present inventors conducted research focusing on insect olfactory receptors as olfactory receptors and discovered that there are various insect olfactory receptors, with different response intensities to samples derived from subjects, cancer patients, and healthy individuals. Based on this finding, the inventors conducted further research and discovered that some insect olfactory receptors are cancer-reactive (i.e., have different response intensities between samples derived from cancer patients and healthy individuals), while others are not cancer-reactive (i.e., have equivalent response intensities between samples derived from cancer patients and healthy individuals). Based on this finding, the inventors further conducted research and discovered that there are receptors that are cancer-reactive (i.e., have similar response intensities between samples derived from cancer patients and healthy individuals). The inventors further conducted research and discovered that receptors that are cancer-reactive (i.e., have different response intensities between samples derived from cancer patients and healthy individuals) can be used to more thoroughly determine whether a cancer is present among multiple possible cancers. The present disclosure encompasses the following aspects.

[0008] Item 1. A cancer diagnostic agent comprising an insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and that exhibits the same direction of reactivity.

[0009] Item 2. The test agent according to Item 1, comprising two or more types of insect olfactory receptor protein B'.

[0010] Item 3. The test agent according to Item 1 or 2, comprising cells B' that express the insect olfactory receptor protein B'.

[0011] Item 4. The test agent according to Item 3, wherein the cell B' is contained in a compartment.

[0012] Item 5. Two or more types of cells B' expressing different insect olfactory receptor proteins B' Item 5. The test agent according to Item 3 or 4, wherein the test agent is separated into separate compartments.

[0013] Item 6. Based on the reactivity of the insect olfactory receptor protein B' to a sample derived from a subject Item 6. The diagnostic agent according to any one of Items 1 to 5, which is used in testing for cancer.

[0014] Item 7. The method according to any one of Items 3 to 5, further comprising a cell chip including a compartment containing the cell B'. Testing agent.

[0015] Item 8. A method for detecting an insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and has the same direction of reactivity, comprising administering to a subject a sample derived from the subject suspected of having cancer and a sample derived from the insect. A composition for use in contacting with insect olfactory receptor protein B'.

[0016] Item 9. A sample derived from a subject suspected of having cancer, which contains a compartment containing insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and the direction of the reactivity is the same, and the insect A cell chip for use in contact with olfactory receptor protein B'.

[0017] Item 10. A method for testing for cancer, comprising contacting a sample derived from a subject with an insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and in the same direction of reactivity. Law. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] According to the present disclosure, a cancer testing technology that utilizes insect olfactory receptors can be provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] In this specification, the expressions "contain" and "comprise" include the concepts of "contain", "include", "consist essentially of" and "consist only of".

[0020] As used herein, an amino acid mutation is, for example, an amino acid substitution, insertion, addition, or deletion, preferably a substitution, and particularly preferably a conservative substitution.

[0021] In this specification, "conservative substitution" means that an amino acid residue is substituted with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain.For example, substitution between amino acid residues having basic side chains such as lysine, arginine, and histidine is considered to be conservative substitution.Other than this, substitution between amino acid residues having acidic side chains such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid; amino acid residues having uncharged polar side chains such as glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and cysteine; amino acid residues having nonpolar side chains such as alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, and tryptophan; amino acid residues having β-branched side chains such as threonine, valine, and isoleucine; and amino acid residues having aromatic side chains such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine are also considered to be conservative substitutions.

[0022] As used herein, "identity" of amino acid sequences refers to the degree of identity between two or more comparable amino acid sequences. The degree of identity of the amino acid sequences of two amino acid sequences is called the degree of identity of the two amino acid sequences of two amino acid sequences. The higher the match, the higher the identity or similarity of the sequences. The level of identity of amino acid sequences can be determined, for example, using the sequence analysis tool FASTA with default parameters. Alternatively, the BLAST algorithm by Karlin and Altschul (Karlin S, Altschul SF. "Methods for assessing the statistical significance of molecular sequencing") can be used. uence features by using general scoring schemes”Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.87:2264 -2268(1990), Karlin S, Altschul SF. “Applications and statistics for multiple "High-scoring segments in molecular sequences." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:5873-7 (1993)). Programs such as BLASTX and BLASTX have been developed. Specific techniques for these analysis methods are publicly known, and can be found on the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website (http: / / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / ).

[0023] In this specification, OR indicates odorant receptor, and Aa indicates Aedes aegypti. Ag indicates that it is derived from Anopheles gambiae, Dm indicates that it is derived from Drosophila melanogaster, Bm indicates that it is derived from Bombyx mori, Lm indicates that it is derived from Locusta migratoria, and CI indicates that it is derived from Cimex lectularius.

[0024] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a cancer diagnostic agent (referred to herein as an "agent for testing cancer") comprising an insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and in the same direction of the reactivity. This is sometimes referred to as the "testing agent of the present disclosure.") This will be explained below.

[0025] The cancer to be tested is not particularly limited. Examples of cancer include colon cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, malignant lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, biliary tract cancer, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, renal pelvis / ureter cancer, kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma), skin cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, mesothelioma, leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, melanoma, sarcoma, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma, head and neck cancer, GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), salivary gland cancer, small intestine cancer, brain tumor, and cancer of unknown primary origin. Cancer includes cancer of any severity (e.g., mild, moderate, severe) and stage.

[0026] Insect olfactory receptor proteins are membrane proteins with seven transmembrane structures, and they are involved in the detection of insect odors. The amino terminus (hereinafter referred to as the "N terminus") of the olfactory receptor protein acts as a powerful sensor. ) to the carboxyl terminus (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "C terminus"). N-terminal region (NT), first transmembrane domain (TM1), first extracellular loop (EC1), second transmembrane domain (TM2), first intracellular loop (IC1), third transmembrane domain (TM3), second extracellular loop (EC2), fourth transmembrane domain (TM4), second intracellular loop (IC2), fifth transmembrane domain (TM5), third extracellular loop (EC3), sixth transmembrane domain (TM6), third intracellular loop (IC3) , the seventh transmembrane domain (TM7), and the C-terminal region (CT). In this study, each region was determined by structure prediction (default conditions) using TMpred (K. Hofmann, W. Stoffel, TMbase - a database of membrane spanning protein segments, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler, 374 (1993), p. 166, https: / / embnet.vital-it.ch / software / TMPRED_form.html).

[0027] Insects from which insect olfactory receptor proteins are derived preferably include dipteran insects such as Culicidae and Drosophilidae; lepidopteran insects such as Bombycidae; hymenopteran insects such as Apidae; orthopteran insects such as Acrididae; and hemipteran insects such as Cimex. More preferably, dipteran insects such as Culicidae and Drosophilidae; orthopteran insects such as Acrididae; and hemipteran insects such as Cimex. Examples of insects from the Culicidae family include Anopheles gambiae. , Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, etc. Examples of insects of the Drosophilidae family include Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura, Examples of insects in the Bombyx family include the black fruit fly (Drosophila virillis). Examples include the silkworm moth (Bombyx mori), the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mandarina), and the fig umbrella moth. Examples of insects in the family Apidae include the European honey bee, Trilocha varians, and the like. Examples of insects include honeybees (Apis mellifera), small honeybees (Apis florea), giant honeybees (Apis dorsata), and European bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). Examples of insects of the Acrididae family include the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), and examples of insects of the Cimex family include the bedbug (Cimex lectularius).

[0028] Various wild-type insect olfactory receptor proteins are known, or can be easily identified by a sequence identity search based on known sequences.

[0029] Insect olfactory receptor protein B' is effective against multiple types of cancer (two or more, preferably three or more). The reactivity is the same as that of a certain cancer (cancer type a) and the direction of the reactivity is the same. The reactivity can include an amino acid mutation in the wild-type amino acid sequence as long as the response intensity of the patient-derived sample is the same as the response intensity of the sample derived from at least one cancer patient other than cancer type A relative to the response intensity of the sample derived from a healthy subject. The reactivity can be determined, for example, according to or in accordance with the method of Test Example 1 described below.

[0030] Multiple types of cancer refer to multiple types of cancer that are distinguished from each other in terms of tissue origin, cell origin, etc.

[0031] Insect olfactory receptor protein B' has the wild-type amino acid sequence, For example, it may include an amino acid sequence having an identity of 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more.

[0032] The insect olfactory receptor protein B' may be one type alone or a combination of two or more types. From the viewpoint of accuracy in cancer diagnosis, it is preferable to use two or more types, three or more types, or four or more types. , 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, or 10 or more combinations Alternatively, the number of combinations may be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 12 or less, or 11 or less.

[0033] Insect olfactory receptor protein B', e.g. A receptor (receptor B'X) whose response intensity to samples derived from multiple types of cancer patients tends to be higher than its response intensity to samples derived from healthy individuals, or A receptor (receptor B'Y) whose response intensity to samples derived from multiple cancer patients tends to be lower than that to samples derived from healthy individuals. is.

[0034] Insect olfactory receptor protein B' has the above-mentioned cancer reactivity, so it is different from other insects. The nucleic acid sequence may be a sequence to which a protein or peptide such as a protein tag, a fluorescent protein, a luminescent protein, or a signal sequence has been added. Examples of protein tags include biotin, His tag, FLAG tag, Halo tag, MBP tag, HA tag, Myc tag, V5 tag, PA tag, etc. Examples include tags.

[0035] Insect olfactory receptor protein B' has the above-mentioned cancer reactivity, so chemical modification It may also be something that has been

[0036] Insect olfactory receptor protein B' has a C-terminus containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a carboxylate (-COO - ), amide (-CONH2) or ester (-COOR).

[0037] Here, R in the ester is, for example, C such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, etc. 1-6 Alkyl groups; for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. C 3-8 Cycloalkyl groups such as phenyl and α-naphthyl 6-12 aryl groups; For example, phenyl-C such as benzyl and phenethyl 1-2 Alkyl group; α-naphthylmethyl α-naphthyl-C 1-2 C such as alkyl group 7-14 Aralkyl group; Pivaloyloxymethyl A methyl group is used.

[0038] Insect olfactory receptor protein B' may have a carboxyl group (or carboxylate) other than that at the C-terminus amidated or esterified. In this case, the ester may be, for example, the C-terminal ester described above.

[0039] Furthermore, in the insect olfactory receptor protein B', the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue is protected by a protecting group (e.g., a C group such as a formyl group or an acetyl group). 1-6 C such as alkanoyl 1-6 acyl group, etc.), and the N-terminal glutamine residue that can be generated by cleavage in vivo is pyrophosphate. Substituents on the side chains of amino acids in the molecule (e.g., -OH, -SH, amino group, imidazole group, indole group, guanidino group, etc.) are protected by suitable protecting groups (e.g., C groups such as formyl group, acetyl group, etc.). 1-6 C such as alkanoyl group 1-6 Also included are those protected by an acyl group or other suitable glycan, or conjugated proteins such as glycoproteins to which sugar chains are attached.

[0040] The insect olfactory receptor protein B' may be in the form of a salt with an acid or a base. There are no particular limitations, and either acidic salts or basic salts can be used. Examples of acidic salts include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate; organic acid salts such as acetate, propionate, tartrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, citrate, methanesulfonate, and paratoluenesulfonate; and amino acid salts such as aspartate and glutamate. Examples of basic salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; and alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt and magnesium salt.

[0041] The insect olfactory receptor protein B' may be in the form of a solvate. Examples of suitable solvents include water, ethanol, glycerol, and acetic acid.

[0042] In the test agent of the present disclosure, the insect olfactory receptor protein (the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure) is not particularly limited as long as it is contained in a form capable of exhibiting odorant response activity. Odorant response activity refers to the property in which an insect olfactory receptor protein recognizes an odorant, and the olfactory receptor complex formed by the olfactory receptor and the olfactory receptor co-receptor is activated, thereby exhibiting ion channel activity. For this reason, in the test agent of the present disclosure, it is generally preferable that the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure be in a form retained in a membrane.

[0043] The membrane is preferably a lipid membrane. A lipid membrane refers to a membranous body composed of lipids. The lipid membrane may form a planar membrane or a sac-shaped membrane (small vesicle) such as a vesicle (liposome) or a micelle. The lipid membrane may be composed of a single lipid membrane layer or two or more lipid membrane layers, and is preferably a lipid bilayer membrane. When the lipid membrane structure is a cell, the lipid membrane can also be referred to as, for example, a cell membrane.

[0044] The test agent of the present disclosure preferably contains cells expressing the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure (cells of the present disclosure). The test agent of the present disclosure more preferably contains cells B' expressing insect olfactory receptor protein B'.

[0045] The cells are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of suitability for detecting odorants, animal cells such as insect cells and mammalian cells are preferred. In one embodiment, insect cells are preferred.

[0046] Examples of insect cells include Sf cells, MG1 cells, and High Five cells. TM Cells, BmN cells, etc. Examples of Sf cells include Sf9 cells (ATCC CRL1711) and Sf21 cells. Among insect cells, cells derived from insects of the family Arctiidae are particularly preferred.

[0047] The cells derived from an insect of the family Arctiidae are primary cultured cells or established cell lines of cells derived from an insect of the family Arctiidae that constitute the living body, and are not particularly limited as long as they are so.

[0048] Examples of the Arctiidae family include the Arctiinae subfamily, the Lithosiinae subfamily, and the Syntominae subfamily, and among these, the Arctiinae subfamily is preferred. As the Arctiinae subfamily, the Spilosoma (the genus of the fall moth) is preferred. The genus Spilactia is not particularly limited, but Spilactia imparilis is particularly preferred.

[0049] Cells derived from insects of the family Arctiidae can be obtained from known biobanks, or can be obtained by collecting and culturing live insects of the family Arctiidae according to or in accordance with known methods, and can also be established as lines if necessary.

[0050] Examples of cells derived from Mulberry butterfly include FFPRI-SpIm-2AM-SF cells (MAFF number: 275052) and FFPRI-SpIm-2AM-IPL411 cells (MAFF number: 275053) from the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Genebank.

[0051] Mammalian cells include COS7 cells, CHO cells, HEK293 cells, HEK293FT cells, and Hela cells. , PC12 cells, N1E-115 cells, SH-SY5Y cells, etc.

[0052] The cells of the present disclosure preferably contain an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a coding sequence for an insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure. The exogenous polynucleotide is defined as a polynucleotide that is not part of the genomic DNA of the cell (especially the genomic DNA of the cell). A polynucleotide containing a base sequence that is not derived from a specific DNA (e.g., chromosomal genomic DNA), There are no particular restrictions on the type.

[0053] The exogenous polynucleotide preferably contains a coding sequence for an insect olfactory receptor co-receptor. The insect olfactory receptor co-receptor is a membrane protein having a seven-transmembrane structure, similar to the olfactory receptor. The olfactory receptor complex, which is a heterocomplex consisting of an olfactory receptor and an olfactory receptor co-receptor, has ion channel activity that is activated by odorants, and when activated, it transports sodium ions (Na + ),mosquito Calcium ions (Ca 2+ The olfactory receptor co-receptor of insects may be the olfactory receptor co-receptor described in Japanese Patent No. 6875815.

[0054] The exogenous polynucleotide preferably contains a coding sequence for a protein that emits fluorescence or luminescence in response to ions (such as calcium ions) that flow into the cell when the insect olfactory receptor protein responds. Examples of such proteins include aequorin, Yellow Cameleon Alternatively, the cells of the present disclosure may be modified by expressing calcium ion-dependent fluorescent dyes ( It is preferred to include an ion-dependent fluorescent dye such as Fura-2, Fluo-3, Fluo-4, etc.

[0055] Coding sequences such as insect olfactory receptor protein coding sequences, insect olfactory receptor co-receptor coding sequences, and fluorescent or luminescent protein coding sequences are preferably contained in exogenous polynucleotides in the form of expression cassettes (promoters and coding sequences placed under the control of the promoters). The promoters of the expression cassettes can be shared among multiple coding sequences.

[0056] In the test agent of the present disclosure, the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure / the cell of the present disclosure are preferably contained in a compartment.

[0057] A compartment is an area where insect olfactory receptor proteins / cells are arranged. The form of the compartment is not particularly limited as long as it allows the insect olfactory receptor proteins / cells to be arranged. From the viewpoints of desiccation resistance of the insect olfactory receptor proteins / cells, retention of the insect olfactory receptor proteins / cells, production efficiency, or odorant detectability, the compartment is preferably in a form separated by walls (e.g., well-shaped and / or separated from the surrounding area by an outer wall). Furthermore, by making the surface outside the compartment a surface on which cells cannot be arranged (e.g., adhere) (or on which adhesion is significantly reduced), it is possible to distinguish the compartment from a compartment on which cells can be arranged (e.g., adhere).

[0058] The compartment can be, for example, a compartment within a cell chip that comprises cells and a device for holding the cells (such as a dish or well plate).

[0059] The material of the compartment is not particularly limited as long as it can hold cells, and can be, for example, resin, metal, etc.

[0060] The area of ​​the compartment is preferably 0.5 to 100 mm from the viewpoint of detection sensitivity or production efficiency. 2 , More preferably, 1 to 50 mm 2 , and more preferably 1.5 to 40 mm 2 , and even more preferably 2 to 40 mm 2 In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the area is 50 mm 2 Below, 35mm 2 or less, or 15 mm 2 The following is the result.

[0061] The number of compartments is preferably 1 to 2000, more preferably 1 to 2000, from the viewpoint of detection sensitivity or production efficiency. The number is preferably 4 to 1600, and more preferably 8 to 400. In this case, the number is 10 or more, 20 or more, or 50 or more.

[0062] From the viewpoint of detection sensitivity, a compartment usually contains multiple cells. 2 ) The number of cells per unit area is, for example, 50 to 20,000 cells / mm 2 From the viewpoint of detection sensitivity, cell viability, etc., it is preferably 100 to 15,000 cells / mm 2 , more preferably 100 to 10,000 cells / mm 2 , and more preferably 200 to 10,000 cells / mm 2 , and even more preferably 500 to 7000 cells / mm 2 , and particularly preferably 1000 to 5000 cells / mm 2 is.

[0063] The test agent of the present disclosure is a test agent for detecting two or more insect olfactory receptor proteins of the present disclosure that are different from each other. The above (preferably 3 to 25 types, more preferably 3 to 12 types, and even more preferably 3 to 10 types) In this case, the two or more types of cells are preferably separated into separate compartments. It is preferable that the cells are arranged in a compartment (compartment B'1) that expresses one type of cell B', cell B'1, and cell B'2, which expresses a different insect olfactory receptor protein B' from cell B'1, is arranged in another compartment (compartment B'2).

[0064] In addition, the test agent of the present disclosure may contain two or more different insect olfactory receptor proteins of the present disclosure. It is preferable that the proteins are separated into separate compartments (for example, insect olfactory receptor protein B'1, which is a type of insect olfactory receptor protein B', is placed in one compartment (compartment B'1), and insect olfactory receptor protein B'2, which is different from insect olfactory receptor protein B'1, is placed in another compartment (compartment B'2)).

[0065] The test agent of the present disclosure can be used to test for cancer based on the response intensity of the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure to a sample derived from a subject.

[0066] The subject-derived sample is not particularly limited as long as it is a body fluid of the subject or a sample derived therefrom (body fluid-derived sample).

[0067] The subject is not particularly limited and may be, for example, a variety of mammals such as humans, monkeys, mice, rats, dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, cows, and pigs, with humans being preferred.

[0068] The condition of the subject is not particularly limited, and examples include subjects suspected of having cancer, subjects of unknown cancer status, subjects determined to have cancer, subjects determined not to have cancer, and subjects with unknown information regarding cancer. When the subject is a human, any person can be the subject, regardless of their past medical history, including those considered to be healthy. For example, subjects can include those undergoing health checkups or comprehensive medical examinations, and those who have undergone cancer testing using interview methods, questionnaire tests, score methods, pathological diagnostic methods, imaging diagnostic methods, blood biochemistry tests, etc.

[0069] Examples of body fluids include urine, blood, saliva, sweat, tears, tissue fluid, synovial fluid, follicular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, milk, vaginal fluid, etc. Among these body fluids, urine is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of collection.

[0070] Body fluids can be collected from living organisms according to or in accordance with known methods. The collected body fluids can be used immediately for preparing samples of the present disclosure, or can be stored (e.g., refrigerated or frozen) before being used for preparing samples of the present disclosure.

[0071] A body fluid-derived sample is not a body fluid itself, but a sample obtained by subjecting a body fluid to some treatment that affects the component composition within the body fluid, and is not particularly limited insofar as such treatment can include various treatments such as dilution with a solvent or solution, purification, etc. Purification methods include, for example, treatments to remove salts, proteins, etc. (e.g., enzyme treatment, chromatography column purification, centrifugation, etc.).

[0072] After contacting a sample derived from a subject with the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure, the response strength of the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure can be measured to obtain the response strength to the sample derived from a subject.

[0073] The manner of contact is not particularly limited as long as the components in the sample derived from the subject can come into contact with the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure. For example, the sample derived from the subject can be brought into contact with the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure by adding the sample derived from the subject to a compartment (and, if necessary, containing a liquid) containing a membrane that retains the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure (membrane B' retaining insect olfactory receptor protein B') or a cell that expresses the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure (cell B' expressing insect olfactory receptor protein B').

[0074] The method for measuring the response intensity is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that can detect the ion channel activity of the insect olfactory receptor protein of the present disclosure. One example is a method in which the amount of cations that flow into the membrane due to ion channel activity is converted into a signal (e.g., luminescence, fluorescence, etc.) amount and the signal amount is measured.

[0075] The type of response intensity used as an indicator for cancer testing is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, the maximum signal amount, the integrated value of the signal amount, the rate of increase in the signal amount, etc. More specifically, it can be, for example, the maximum signal amount, the integrated value, and / or the rate of increase in the signal amount within a predetermined time or after a predetermined time has elapsed after contact with the sample derived from the subject.

[0076] The response strength of insect olfactory receptor protein B' is used as an index (for example, the response strength is Cancer can be diagnosed by using the following as an index: determining that the subject has cancer when the response intensity of receptor B'X to a sample derived from the subject is equal to or greater than a cutoff value; and / or determining that the subject has cancer when the response intensity of receptor B'Y to a sample derived from the subject is equal to or lower than a cutoff value; can be done.

[0077] The cutoff value can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art from the viewpoint of various indices of accuracy of cancer detection (e.g., Accuracy, F1-score, Matthews, Precision, ROC-AUC, Recall, Specificity, etc.). The cutoff value may be either a value set on a case-by-case basis depending on race, age, etc., or a preset value. The cutoff value may be, for example, a value based on the maximum, average, percentile, or minimum value of the response intensity to samples collected from subjects determined not to have cancer or subjects determined to have cancer.

[0078] In one embodiment, the cutoff value refers to a value that provides a sufficiently high accuracy in determining whether or not a cancer is present when the presence or absence of cancer is determined based on that value. For example, a value that shows a high positive rate in individuals with cancer and a high negative rate in individuals without cancer can be set as the cutoff value.

[0079] Such a cutoff value does not have a specific value, but varies depending on the subject population used when setting the cutoff value.

[0080] Even when the same subject is used, the measured values ​​may differ depending on the analytical method used, so the cutoff value is set according to the analytical method used.

[0081] Use of the test agent of the present disclosure can provide an index for cancer testing, thereby assisting cancer testing. Furthermore, the presence or absence of cancer can be determined by using a cutoff value.

[0082] The testing agent of the present disclosure may be in the form of a composition. The composition may contain other components as needed. Examples of other components include bases, carriers, solvents, dispersants, emulsifiers, buffers, stabilizers, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, thickeners, moisturizers, etc.

[0083] The test agent of the present disclosure can be in the form of a kit. The kit may include instruments, reagents, instructions, and the like that can be used to perform cancer testing.

[0084] The insect olfactory receptor proteins of the present disclosure can be screened by testing the reactivity of the test insect olfactory receptor protein against cancer.

[0085] Specifically, for example, contacting a test insect olfactory receptor protein with a sample derived from a subject having cancer and measuring the response intensity P; contacting the test insect olfactory receptor protein with a sample derived from a healthy subject without cancer and measuring the response intensity Q; The screening can be carried out by a method comprising:

[0086] The response intensity P may be, for example, a signal from a plurality of subjects (subject P1, subject P2, subject P3, . . . ). Using each sample, multiple response intensities (response intensity P1, response intensity P2, response intensity P3, ...) The response intensity Q can be calculated by performing arithmetic processing using the plurality of response intensities (for example, a mean value such as a geometric mean).

[0087] More specifically, in this method, determining that the test insect olfactory receptor protein has reactivity to cancer when the response intensity P and the response intensity Q are different; and / or determining that the test insect olfactory receptor protein does not have reactivity to cancer when the response intensity P and the response intensity Q are comparable; can be done.

[0088] The above determination is performed by using a subject having a certain cancer (cancer type a) and a subject having any cancer other than cancer type a as subjects from which the sample for measuring the response intensity P is derived. Insect olfactory receptor protein B' can be screened.

[0089] The description of the test agent of the present disclosure is incorporated herein for the embodiment of the screening method.

[0090] The determination of whether the response intensity P and the response intensity Q are different is based on a certain criterion, as in Test Example 1 described later. In other words, if the difference between the response intensity P and the response intensity Q is greater than (or equal to or greater than) the reference value, it can be determined that there is reactivity to cancer, and if it is equal to (or less than) the reference value, it can be determined that there is no reactivity to cancer.

[0091] The present disclosure, in one aspect, comprises: a sample derived from a subject suspected of having cancer, the sample comprising a composition containing insect olfactory receptor protein B'; a composition for use in contact with the insect olfactory receptor protein B'; A sample from a subject suspected of having cancer containing a compartment containing insect olfactory receptor protein B' and a A cell chip for use in contact with the insect olfactory receptor protein B'; A method for detecting cancer, comprising contacting an insect olfactory receptor protein B' with a sample derived from a subject. Inspection method; For these aspects, the description of the test agent of the present disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. [Example]

[0092] The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0093] Test Example 1. Screening of insect olfactory receptors with cancer reactivity 1 An expression plasmid containing the GFP-Aequorin coding sequence, the insect olfactory receptor co-receptor Orco coding sequence, and the insect olfactory receptor OR coding sequence was prepared according to the method described in Japanese Patent No. 6875815. The obtained expression plasmid was introduced into cells, seeded on a 384-well plate, and the luminescence intensity was measured. The luminescence intensity was measured by adding the test sample to FDSS / μCELL (Hamamatsu Photonics). The test sample was a cancer of a certain tissue (cancer type X). Twenty-five urine samples from patients and 25 urine samples from healthy individuals were used.

[0094] First, the luminescence intensity of each test sample in each OR was compared between the urine of cancer type X patients and healthy subjects. The geometric mean was calculated for 100 seconds from the start of measurement (the test sample was added 10 seconds after the start of measurement). In this case, the maximum luminescence intensity in the case of a patient with cancer type X and / or the maximum luminescence intensity in the case of a healthy subject is The measured value is 2000 or more, and the maximum luminescence intensity in patients with cancer type X is different from the maximum in healthy individuals. Receptors with a difference of more than 1000 in luminescence intensity were selected. In this way, insect olfactory receptors with reactivity to cancer were discovered. Among these insect olfactory receptors, those with reactivity to cancer type X were selected. There are receptors with higher luminescence intensity in patients with glaucoma and receptors with higher luminescence intensity in healthy individuals. was included.

[0095] Next, the maximum luminescence intensity in the case of a patient with cancer type X and / or the maximum luminescence intensity in the case of a healthy subject The measured value is 2000 or more, and the maximum luminescence intensity in patients with cancer type X is different from the maximum in healthy individuals. Receptors that were judged to have no difference in luminescence intensity were selected. In this way, insect olfactory receptors that are not reactive to cancer were discovered.

[0096] The response strength of insect olfactory receptors that are not reactive to cancer can be used to correct for individual differences between specimens, thereby improving the accuracy of cancer detection using insect olfactory receptors that are reactive to cancer.

[0097] Test Example 2: Screening for insect olfactory receptors with cancer reactivity 2 For cancers (cancer types Y and Z) derived from tissues different from cancer type X, the luminescence intensity was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and it was determined whether the luminescence intensity was higher or equal between the urine of cancer patients and the urine of healthy subjects. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0098] [Table 1]

[0099] Receptors in groups a, b, and d in Table 1 are reactive to a specific cancer (cancer type X), but not to other cancer types (a and b), or the direction of the reaction is opposite (d). Therefore, the strength of the response derived from the receptor should be used as an index (for example, if the strength of the response is By using the level above or below the threshold as an indicator, it is possible to determine the specific cancer with higher accuracy even when there are multiple possible types of cancer.

[0100] The receptors in group c in Table 1 have reactivity to multiple types of cancer, including a specific cancer (cancer type X). Therefore, the response strength derived from this receptor and the responses derived from receptors in groups a, b, and d are (e.g., if the response intensity from group c receptors is below the cutoff, and the response strength from receptors of groups a, b, and d is above or below the cutoff. By using the receptors of group c as an index, it is possible to diagnose the specific cancer with higher accuracy. By examining receptors of groups a, b, and d in detail, unnecessary tests for identifying cancer types can be avoided. It is also possible to reduce

[0101] In addition, receptors in group c in Table 1 have reactivity to multiple types of cancer. By using the receptor-derived response strength as an indicator (using the response strength being equal to or greater than a cutoff value as an indicator), it is possible to more thoroughly determine whether or not a patient has cancer, even when there are multiple possible types of cancer.

Claims

1. A cancer diagnostic agent comprising an insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and in the same direction of reactivity.

2. The test agent according to claim 1, comprising two or more types of insect olfactory receptor protein B'.

3. The test agent according to claim 1, comprising cells B' that express the insect olfactory receptor protein B'.

4. The test agent according to claim 3 , wherein the cell B′ is contained in a compartment.

5. Two or more types of cells B' expressing different insect olfactory receptor proteins B' are grown in separate compartments.

4. The test agent of claim 3, which is divided into fractions.

6. Cancer detection based on the reactivity of the insect olfactory receptor protein B' to a sample derived from a subject. The test agent according to claim 1, which is used for testing.

7. The test agent according to claim 3, comprising a cell chip containing a compartment containing said cell B'.

8. A sample derived from a subject suspected of having cancer, which contains a composition containing insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and has the same direction of reactivity, and the insect olfactory receptor A composition for use in contacting with body protein B'.

9. A sample derived from a subject suspected of having cancer, which contains a compartment containing an insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and in the same direction of the reactivity, and the insect olfactory receptor A cell chip for use in contact with protein B'.

10. A method for testing for cancer, comprising contacting a sample derived from a subject with insect olfactory receptor protein B' that is reactive to multiple types of cancer and in the same direction of reactivity.