Shoe upper with microstructured surface

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an upper for a shoe, particularly a sports shoe. [Solution] The present disclosure relates to an upper (101) for a shoe, particularly a sports shoe, the upper having a ball contact area (140) with a microstructured surface (150), a.) the microstructured surface having a plurality of protrusions, b.) the microstructured surface is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball by allowing each of the plurality of protrusions to bend elastically, and c.) each of the plurality of protrusions has the shape of a pillar.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an upper for a shoe, particularly a sports shoe, that includes a ball contact area having a microstructured surface for providing improved ball control when the wearer contacts the ball with their foot. [Background technology]

[0002] A shoe, or an article of footwear in general, is usually described as a combination of an upper and a sole structure. Generally, the upper covers areas of the wearer's foot, such as the instep, toe, medial side, lateral side, and heel, and provides an opening to allow the wearer to insert their foot into the footwear. The sole is connected to the upper so that the upper side faces the foot and the underside contacts the ground during normal use of the shoe.

[0003] Shoe uppers generally serve multiple functions: they provide an exterior for receiving the foot, stabilize the foot during movement, protect the foot from the environment, and, in the case of certain sports shoes, provide a surface specifically adapted to the athlete's needs. Athletic footwear, in particular, must be comfortable to wear, stabilize the foot, support the athlete during any type of movement, such as acceleration, and attenuate stresses from the bounce between the foot and the ground when performing an athletic activity. Footwear must support movement and avoid physical injury to the wearer.

[0004] Footwear uppers, particularly those used in athletic activities such as soccer, rugby, football, and other ball games, are widely used and popular with wearers, and such uppers are becoming increasingly important and have specific requirements for improving performance in such athletic activities.

[0005] An example of such a requirement is improved grip of the shoe upper on the ball. Such improved grip potentially provides the player with a greater degree of control over the ball. Specifically, shoe contact with the ball is very important, and the surface of the shoe upper plays a key role. One way to achieve increased grip between the upper and the ball is to provide a texture on the exterior surface of the shoe upper. Another way to achieve increased grip is to provide protrusions on the upper. Both methods can increase the transfer of energy from the upper to the ball during a shot.

[0006] It is known that different types of kicks are involved, such as a curled pass, a flat pass, a straight shot, and a curled shot. Different types of kicks require different arrangements of elements on the shoe upper. Nevertheless, any type of controlled kick requires adequate spin, which can be useful because the ball would otherwise sway. However, such sway may also be desired for some kicks, such as knuckleball shots.

[0007] By way of example, the following prior art documents may be mentioned in the context of the present disclosure:

[0008] The applicant's unpublished German patent application No. 102023206175.9 relates to an upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, the upper comprising: a) a ball contact area with a plurality of projections; b) each projection of the plurality of projections having an elongated shape with a longitudinal axis, a side facing the sole of the shoe, and a side facing the instep; c) the ball contact area is configured such that each projection of the plurality of projections is elastically bendable, such that each projection bends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis upon contact with the ball, and such that each projection of the plurality of projections is bent such that its side facing the instep touches the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent projection of the plurality of projections, thereby assisting in shooting the ball.

[0009] EP 3909459 A1 relates to an upper for a sports shoe, which comprises a plurality of areas including an inner area, a lateral area, a toe area, an instep area, a heel area, and a collar area, and the upper comprises at least one protrusion in at least four of the plurality of areas, the protrusion protruding from the outer surface of the upper.

[0010] EP 2659798 A1 relates to a method for manufacturing an upper for a shoe, in particular a football shoe. A base layer of the upper is provided. At least one profile element made of a rubber material is connected to the outer surface of the base layer. The profile element is connected to the outer surface of the base layer without seams by hot pressing.

[0011] EP 3895576 A1 relates to an upper (102) of an article of footwear (100), the upper (102) having a layered structure, the layered structure further comprising: a base layer (200) comprising a first material; a colored ink layer (210) comprising a second material covering at least a portion of the base layer (200); and a control surface layer (150) comprising a third material disposed on the colored ink layer (210), wherein the first material is different from the second material and the second material is different from the third material, and wherein some portions of the colored ink layer (210) are visible on the outer surface of the upper (102).

[0012] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0087149 relates to a knitted fabric component having a surface including first and second areas, the first and second areas having different relative coefficients of friction and formed in an alternating pattern. The first area of ​​the first surface is 40% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the first surface. The alternating pattern may be in the form of concentric shapes. The alternating pattern may have straight and curved boundaries between the first and second areas. The first area may be formed from a first yarn having a core and a coating. The coating at least partially surrounds the core.

[0013] DE 1944609 A1 relates to a football boot suitable for refining and improving a player's technique, particularly when the outer skin of the boot is wet and slippery, and when the ball is wet, and is characterized in that the sole (1), in particular the parts arranged on the toe (2), blade (3), instep strip (6) and lower back (7) are provided with contouring.

[0014] Furthermore, the following prior art may be cited as background knowledge:

[0015] References: U.S. Patent No. 9,038,288; European Patent No. 2,434,920; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 258883.

[0016] Despite significant advances in the field of sports footwear, there remains a need for further improvements. Current designs often struggle to balance durability with the flexibility required for optimal ball control. Many known systems do not adequately address the dynamic nature of sports, where the interaction between the shoe and the ball can vary greatly depending on the type of movement, such as dribbling, shooting, or passing.

[0017] One particular problem attributed to proposed prior art solutions is that ball control features that are specifically designed to improve grip for kicking the ball (i.e., shooting and / or passing) simultaneously provide a relatively high level of grip for relatively weaker ball contact, such as dribbling, first touch and / or short passing. However, for the latter type of contact, a high level of grip is often not useful because it leads to excessive adhesion between the shoe and the ball.

[0018] Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved upper for a shoe. This upper should provide a ball contact area that ensures increased grip for kicking, while at the same time providing smooth ball control with less grip for dribbling, first touch and / or short passing. Furthermore, it is an object to improve the design options available to manufacturers of shoe uppers. It is also an object to provide a respective shoe equipped with such an upper. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0019] [Patent Document 1] German Patent Application No. 102023206175.9 [Patent Document 2] European Patent Application Publication No. 3909459 [Patent Document 3] European Patent Application Publication No. 2659798 [Patent Document 4] European Patent Application Publication No. 3895576 [Patent Document 5] US Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0087149 [Patent Document 6] DE 1944609 [Patent Document 7] U.S. Patent No. 9,038,288 [Patent Document 8] European Patent No. 2434920 [Patent Document 9] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 258883 Summary of the Invention

[0020] The above-mentioned objects are achieved at least in part by the subject matter of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims, and other preferred aspects of the invention are described throughout the disclosure of this application. It should be noted that the headings of this disclosure are provided solely to aid in maintaining an overview during reading. The headings do not imply that the features of the respective embodiments cannot be combined.

[0021] Micro-structured upper In a first aspect, the above object is solved by an upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, the upper comprising a ball contact area with a microstructured surface, a. the microstructured surface comprising a plurality of protrusions, b. the microstructured surface is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball by allowing each of the plurality of protrusions to bend elastically, and c. each of the plurality of protrusions has the shape of a pillar.

[0022] In this way, the upper provides high grip for shooting the ball (and / or for ball contacts with higher impact between the foot and the ball in general) while at the same time A lower grip for smoother ball control may be provided (and / or for ball contact in general with a lower impact between the foot and the ball), the latter being suitable for relatively lighter ball contact (which may include dribbling, first touch and / or short distance passing). Overall, this is particularly useful for ball games such as soccer.

[0023] This solves a particular problem with the prior art, namely, that a high level of grip when shooting is always accompanied by a high level of grip when dribbling. In particular, the increased grip between the ball and the shoe for such dribbles and / or slight passes can lead to a slowdown in ball rotation, which can thereby disrupt or interrupt a dribble with prior art shoes.

[0024] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the microstructured surface proposed herein provides force-dependent grip. Thus, it may provide increased grip for kicking a ball, e.g., for high impacts between the foot and the ball, which may occur, for example, during shooting and / or passing the ball. At the same time, the microstructured surface provides less grip for low impacts between the foot and the ball, which may occur, for example, during dribbling, first touch, and / or short passing.

[0025] Furthermore, the microstructured surface can provide a relatively high coefficient of friction and therefore generally high grip for kicking. In addition, the microstructured surface exhibits a relatively small deviation in the coefficient of friction under different environmental conditions, for example, in wet conditions compared to dry conditions. Thus, consistent grip can be achieved under both conditions, thereby avoiding the loss of grip under wet conditions (which commonly occurs with prior art shoes).

[0026] The microstructured surface includes a plurality of protrusions, each of which is post-shaped and capable of elastic bending. The configuration and arrangement of these components can be carefully designed to enhance the performance of the shoe upper during activities such as shooting and passing a ball.

[0027] The microstructured surfaces described herein should be distinguished from, for example, prior art surfaces that reveal macroscopic elements, e.g., macroscopic protrusions. Such macroscopic protrusions are believed to interfere with dribbling, which can result in the described technical problems that the present invention seeks to overcome. As described elsewhere herein, the protrusions may optionally be defined by specific dimensions, including their aspect ratio, width, height, length, and / or pitch. These dimensions can be beneficial in ensuring that the microstructured surface operates effectively. As will be appreciated, such microstructured surfaces may therefore operate differently than macrostructured surfaces.

[0028] The elastically flexible nature of each lug can help increase contact time between the shoe and the ball, thereby providing better control and precision. This design can address the challenge of maintaining consistent ball control under varying conditions, such as different ball speeds and contact angles. For example, when the ball contacts the microstructured surface, the lug can elastically flex, providing controlled deformation that aids in ball manipulation. This elastic flex is facilitated by the material properties and structural design of the lug. This can ensure that the lug substantially returns to its original shape after contact, thereby preserving the integrity of the microstructured surface. Flexing of the lug is believed to have the advantage of increasing the surface area of ​​the upper that can contact the ball, which promotes an improved kick. It is understood that the amount of flex can depend on the impact force. For example, flex can increase as the impact force increases. Strike force is understood to be the force with which the wearer's foot strikes the ball.

[0029] The pillar shape of each lug is particularly advantageous because it can provide a uniform response to forces applied upon contact with the ball, resulting in a more predictable and accurate ball trajectory. The pillar shape of each lug can ensure a uniform response to external forces, such as impact from the ball. This shape can be beneficial for the elastic bending mechanism because it provides a consistent deformation pattern. It should be noted that the pillar shape should be distinguished in some instances from elongated shapes commonly used, for example, in the prior art. These elongated shapes have a long axis along the surface of the upper. In contrast, a pillar shape does not necessarily have such a long axis along the surface of the upper.

[0030] The protrusions may be incorporated into the microstructured surface. The protrusions may be uniformly distributed across the microstructured surface. The protrusions may allow for a consistent, stable configuration that improves the overall functionality of the shoe upper.

[0031] To further clarify the improvements of the present invention, an analysis of the ball's trajectory along the upper may be useful. The term "trajectory" may refer to the relative motion between the upper and the ball. In one example, the ball first contacts a first contact portion of the upper and moves along the ball contact area toward a second contact portion, where the ball finally contacts the upper. From the second contact portion, the ball may accelerate away from the upper. The first contact portion may be located near the edge of the sole. The second contact portion may be located near the instep. This ball movement may or may not be dominant, and it may depend on the type of kick. For example, it may be different for a shot compared to a pass.

[0032] Various physical effects may occur during the path of travel, including, but not limited to, the Magnus effect. The Magnus effect can be understood as a phenomenon of fluid mechanics that describes the force acting on a spinning (i.e., rotating) object, such as a ball, moving through a fluid, such as air. As a spinning ball moves through the air, it may thereby experience a force perpendicular to the direction of its path of travel. For short passes, the Magnus effect may be a less noticeable factor.

[0033] The shots referred to herein require different arrangements of projections on the upper to account for different trajectories of the ball (e.g., compared to flat passes). The shots are generally stronger kicks than other types of kicks, such as simple passes. While there may be differences between players, those skilled in the art can still distinguish between shots and other types of kicks, such as passes. Shots occur frequently during a match, and the medial and superior sides of the first metatarsal joint and bony segments are primarily used to contact the ball. Specifically, the foot is tilted laterally, and the ball after impact may travel laterally and backward along the surface.

[0034] In contrast, flat passes, short passes, dribbles, soft passes, etc. all have different ball trajectories.

[0035] It will be appreciated that the shoe upper described herein is beneficial for both of these types of kicks, thus overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0036] The ball contact area may be understood as a region, portion, surface portion, etc. that may come into contact with a ball, etc. In particular, the ball contact area may be the area that comes into contact with the ball when shooting. As will be understood, due to the deformation of the ball when shooting, the ball contact area may be larger than the area that is covered when the ball is not shot but simply rests on the upper.

[0037] Each of the plurality of protrusions can bend elastically, meaning that the protrusion can bend when subjected to an external force, such as a force from a ball. Furthermore, the bending is elastic, meaning that the bending occurs substantially within the elastic deformation range of the material of the protrusion. In such an elastic deformation range, the stress and strain of the material can act according to a linear relationship. This elastic (and linear) relationship of the material is sometimes known as Young's modulus. In contrast, plastic bending means that some of the deformation cannot be reversed.

[0038] The uppers described herein may be particularly useful in connection with sports shoes, such as soccer shoes. However, it should be noted that the uppers can be used in virtually any type of footwear article, including, but not limited to, football shoes, hiking boots, sneakers, basketball shoes, rugby shoes, baseball shoes, golf shoes, tennis shoes, and cross-training shoes. Furthermore, the uppers may be used in connection with shoes for any type of athletic activity. The term athletic activity should be understood to encompass one or more and / or any combination of at least the following non-exhaustive list: aerobics, athletics, running, hiking, mountain climbing, group fitness classes, walking, cycling, yoga, soccer, tennis, football, basketball, athletic performance, volleyball, gymnastics, weightlifting, cross-training, baseball, softball, rugby, field hockey, wrestling, squash, track and field (sprinting, long jump, high jump, etc.), and cross-country skiing.

[0039] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions, preferably each protrusion, comprises an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion compared to the width of the protrusion of at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5, and / or at most 10, preferably at most 9, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 7, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 5, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3.

[0040] The geometric relationship between the height and width of each protrusion can directly affect the aspect ratio, which ensures that the protrusions maintain a specific shape and size, which can be beneficial to the elastic bendability and overall functionality of the protrusions.

[0041] The implementation of these specific aspect ratio ranges provides several advantages to the shoe upper. First, by defining the aspect ratio within a certain range, the lugs are optimized for their intended function of assisting in shooting and / or passing the ball. The specified aspect ratio ensures that the lugs are neither too short and wide nor too tall and thin, which may compromise their resilience and effectiveness.

[0042] A larger aspect ratio within the regulation range ensures that the projections are tall enough to effectively interact with the ball, while the width is controlled to maintain stability and prevent excessive bending or deformation. This balance enhances tactile feedback and controls the player's experience when making contact with the ball, thereby improving performance in sporting activities.

[0043] Additionally, the preferred range of aspect ratios provides design flexibility while ensuring that the lugs remain within their optimal functional range, allowing for variations in manufacturing processes and materials without compromising the performance characteristics of the shoe upper.

[0044] Overall, the implementation of these particular aspect ratio ranges improves the functionality, performance, and versatility of the shoe upper, making it more effective for sports applications.

[0045] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions, preferably each protrusion, has a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, and / or at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0046] This embodiment can impart highly accurate dimensional characteristics to the protrusions, ensuring that the protrusions are wide enough to provide desired mechanical properties such as resilience and durability, which can be beneficial in assisting in shooting and / or passing the ball.

[0047] The specified minimum width ensures that the lugs are robust enough to withstand repeated contact with the ball without breaking or permanently deforming.

[0048] Additionally, this embodiment ensures that the lugs are not excessively wide, which can hinder their ability to elastically flex and negatively impact the tactile feedback and control provided to the user. By defining an upper width limit, this feature maintains a balance between flexibility and structural integrity, allowing the lugs to elastically flex upon contact with the ball, thereby enhancing the user's ability to control the ball during play.

[0049] Protrusions within a defined width range can bend elastically and provide a controlled response upon contact with the ball, thereby assisting in shooting and passing. This controlled response can be a direct result of the specified dimensions, which ensure that the protrusions are neither too thin and brittle nor too thick and inflexible.

[0050] These new features introduced by this embodiment thus result in a highly precise and optimized structural configuration of the lugs, improving the overall functionality and performance of the upper to aid in ball control during sporting activities.

[0051] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions, preferably each protrusion, has a height of at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm, and / or at most 1.2 mm, preferably at most 1.1 mm, preferably at most 1.0 mm.

[0052] This particular height range may ensure that the protrusions can protrude sufficiently to effectively interact with the ball, etc., which may improve tactile feedback and control when shooting and / or passing.

[0053] A lower height limit may ensure that the projections are not too short and ineffective in providing the desired resilient flexibility and grip.

[0054] Conversely, the upper limit ensures that the projection is not excessively high, which may lead to instability or discomfort during use. The specified height range balances the need for effective ball control with the comfort and structural integrity of the shoe upper.

[0055] By defining these height parameters, the new features result in a controlled and / or optimized interaction between the shoe upper and the ball, which may improve the performance characteristics of the shoe.

[0056] The elastic yielding properties of the protrusions, combined with their columnar shape and designated height, can ensure that the microstructured surface can deform appropriately under pressure. This can provide a consistent and secure grip on the ball. This controlled deformation helps improve the accuracy and power of shots and passes, as the protrusions can contract and return to substantially their original shape. This can help maintain consistent contact with the ball.

[0057] Additionally, the specified height range contributes to the durability of the lugs, preventing them from being too brittle or too susceptible to breakage. Overall, these new features provide a significant improvement in the functional performance of shoe uppers, especially in sports applications where precise ball control can be critical.

[0058] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the protrusions may have different heights. In various examples, the height may be between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. In various examples, the height may depend on the desired aspect ratio, or vice versa. For example, if a minimum aspect ratio of 1.2 is required, the height may be at most 0.7 mm.

[0059] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the pitch between adjacent projections of the plurality of projections is at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.4 times the width, and / or is at most 4, preferably at most 3, preferably at most 2, preferably at most 1.8, preferably at most 1.6 times the width.

[0060] The pitch may be the distance between the centers of two adjacent protrusions.

[0061] The new feature introduced by this embodiment specifies the pitch in relation to the width of the lugs, thereby affecting the performance characteristics of the shoe upper.

[0062] For example, if the pitch between two adjacent projections is at least 1.1 times the width, it ensures that the projections are spaced far enough apart to allow for independent elastic flexing, which can improve ball control by providing a more responsive surface.

[0063] As the pitch increases to at least 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and / or 1.5 times the width, the spacing allows for even greater independent movement of each protrusion, potentially equally improving the accuracy and effectiveness of ball handling, shooting, and / or passing.

[0064] Conversely, when the pitch is at most 4, 3, 2, 1.8, and 1.6 times the width, the projections are positioned closer together, which creates a more unified and uniform surface. This closer spacing improves the overall grip contact area with the ball, providing a more consistent and controlled interaction.

[0065] The specific pitch range relative to lug width allows for a fine-tuning of the balance between independent movement and integrated surface interaction, thereby optimizing the shoe's performance characteristics for different types of sports and player preferences. These pitch variations directly affect tactile feedback, allowing for control of the player's experience and enabling the shoe to adapt to different playing conditions and styles.

[0066] By precisely defining the pitch in relation to the width, these features ensure that the microstructured surface can be tailored to achieve the desired balance of flexibility, control, and responsiveness, ultimately improving the functionality and performance of the sports shoe.

[0067] The width used to define the pitch in this embodiment may be the average width of the protrusions, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the pitch between two adjacent protrusions of the plurality of protrusions is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

[0069] This embodiment can further contribute to the advantages mentioned in the previous embodiment.

[0070] In particular, this embodiment may ensure a highly precise and controlled interaction between the shoe upper and the ball. By defining the pitch within these ranges, the embodiment provides several advantages. First, it optimizes the density of the microstructured surface protrusions, which may significantly improve grip and control over the ball when shooting and / or passing.

[0071] Closer spacing of the protrusions, particularly within the preferred range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm, allows for a more uniform and continuous contact surface, thereby reducing slippage and increasing ball handling accuracy.

[0072] Additionally, the specified pitch range contributes to the elastic bending properties of the protrusions by ensuring that they are neither too sparse nor too densely packed, which can impair their ability to bend elastically. This balance can be critical to maintaining the intended functionality of the microstructured surface, as each protrusion must be able to deform and return to its original shape to effectively aid ball control.

[0073] Additionally, the specified pitch range can affect the durability and wear resistance of the upper. Lugs that are too closely spaced may wear down faster due to increased friction and contact with the ball, while lugs that are too far apart may not provide sufficient grip. Therefore, the specified pitch range strikes an optimal balance, improving the overall performance and longevity of the shoe upper.

[0074] This embodiment provides significant improvements in the functionality and effectiveness of sports shoes by refining the structural parameters of the microstructured surface, ensuring that the wearer can achieve increased control, precision, and durability during use.

[0075] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the pitch is essentially uniform for each pair of adjacent lugs in the plurality of lugs.

[0076] By ensuring that the pitch is essentially uniform, this design achieves a consistent, predictable interaction between the shoe and the ball. This uniformity of pitch contributes to a more controlled, reliable performance during movements such as shooting and / or passing the ball. The uniform pitch ensures that forces exerted on the ball are evenly distributed across the contact area, thereby improving the precision and accuracy of ball handling.

[0077] Additionally, the uniform pitch of the protrusions helps to maintain the structural integrity of the microstructured surface because the uniform pitch of the protrusions helps to prevent localized stress concentrations that can lead to premature wear and damage.

[0078] This embodiment may also facilitate the manufacturing process, as the uniform pitch can simplify the design and production of molds, templates, and / or any type of manufacturing line used to create the microstructured surface.

[0079] Additionally, the uniform pitch provides a visually consistent pattern that can contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the shoe and is perceived by consumers as being more authentic or of higher quality.

[0080] Overall, embodiments with essentially uniform pitch for each pair of adjacent lugs may improve the functional performance of the shoe by ensuring consistent ball contact, may improve the durability of the microstructured surface by preventing stress concentrations, may streamline the manufacturing process, and may potentially enhance the aesthetic value of the product.

[0081] It is contemplated by the present disclosure that the pitch need not be uniform, eg, the pitch may be different for two or more of the plurality of protrusions.

[0082] Aggregated top surfaces In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the microstructured surface comprises a contact portion defined by the entire upper surfaces of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions, the upper surfaces facing away from the upper, and the coverage of the contact surface is 3-50%, preferably 5-30%, more preferably 5-15%, and the coverage is defined by the entire upper surfaces of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions compared to the microstructured surface.

[0083] The top surfaces of the projections may face away from the upper, thereby creating separate contact areas that may directly interact with the ball.

[0084] The entire top surface of the lugs may collectively form a contact area that interfaces with the ball when shooting and / or passing. The top surface facing away from the upper may ensure that the contact area is optimally positioned to engage the ball. This may improve the ball control capabilities of the shoe.

[0085] Additionally, the coverage of the contact surface is specified to be within a specific range. This coverage is defined by comparing the entire top surface of the protrusions to the entire microstructured surface. The specified coverage range introduces a quantitative measure that can ensure the microstructured surface has an optimal balance of grip and flexibility.

[0086] A lower coverage percentage within the specified range may ensure that the projections are spaced far enough apart to maintain their elastic flexibility, which may be critical to aiding ball control.

[0087] Conversely, a higher coverage percentage within the range may ensure there is sufficient surface area in contact with the ball to provide the necessary grip and control when shooting and / or passing.

[0088] By defining the contact surface coverage in this manner, embodiments can ensure that the upper provides consistent and reliable performance, which can improve a user's ability to effectively control the ball. Thus, embodiments can provide significant improvements in shoe functionality by optimizing the interaction between the microstructured surface and the ball.

[0089] Length, arrangement, cross section, material In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions has a length substantially perpendicular to the width, and a height, the length and width following the contour of the upper, the length being 0.8 to 1.2 times the width, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 times the width, and most preferably the length being essentially equal to the width.

[0090] This particular configuration may ensure that the lugs maintain a consistent and predictable orientation relative to the surface of the upper, which may improve control and ball interaction when shooting and / or passing.

[0091] The length and width of each lug is tailored to the contours of the upper, which may mean that the lugs follow the natural curvature and shape of the shoe, allowing the lugs to provide seamless integration with the overall design, ensuring, for example, that the microstructured surface does not interfere with the aesthetics of the shoe.

[0092] The length of each protrusion is specified to be between 0.8 and 1.2 times its width, providing a balanced ratio that is neither too long nor too short, thereby optimizing elastic flexibility and tactile feedback upon ball contact.

[0093] Preferably, the length is between 0.9 and 1.2 times the width, which is a narrower range to ensure a more precise balance and improve the accuracy and consistency of the protrusion's performance.

[0094] Most preferably, the length is essentially equal to the width, which provides an optimal configuration in which the protrusions exhibit uniform bending characteristics in all directions, maximizing the effectiveness of the microstructured surface in assisting ball control.

[0095] This particular ratio ensures that the lugs are neither too hard nor too soft, providing the right amount of resistance and resilience needed for improved ball handling.

[0096] The new features introduced in this embodiment bring a higher level of precision and performance to the shoe upper, making it particularly suitable for sports where ball control is crucial.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that the length and / or width described herein may be parallel, e.g., in line with the upper. As such, length and / or width may be distinguished from height, which is, for example, perpendicular to the upper.

[0098] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, the microstructured surface is at least partially disposed on the medial toe portion, medial metatarsal portion, medial distal tarsal portion, lateral toe portion, lateral metatarsal portion, lateral distal tarsal portion, mid toe portion, mid metatarsal portion, and / or mid distal tarsal portion of the upper.

[0099] This placement of the microstructured surface facilitates more extensive and strategic placement of the microstructured surface, thereby improving the functionality and performance of the shoe.

[0100] These distinct regions of the upper, each with a pillar shape, may ensure that multiple elastically flexible lugs are optimally positioned to interact with the ball during various phases of the foot's movement. This strategic placement allows for improved control, accuracy, and power when shooting and / or passing the ball, as the elastically flexible lugs can effectively engage the ball across multiple contact points on the shoe.

[0101] By extending the microstructured surface to these various portions, the shoe can provide more consistent and reliable performance, regardless of the particular area of ​​the foot that contacts the ball.

[0102] This embodiment thereby provides the shoe with increased versatility and adaptability, as it ensures that the benefits of the microstructured surface are not limited to a single area, but are distributed across multiple key regions of the upper.

[0103] This dispersion leads to a more balanced and effective interaction with the ball, thereby improving the athlete's overall performance.

[0104] Additionally, the microstructured surface, if present, may be located on the tongue portion of the upper and / or the heel portion of the upper. The placement of the microstructured surface on the tongue portion, if present, may ensure that the microstructured surface is present on the mid-metatarsal portion and / or the mid-distal tarsal portion. The placement of the microstructured surface on the heel portion may provide a microstructured surface configured to assist in shooting and / or passing at the rear of the heel.

[0105] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions has an essentially circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal horizontal cross-section, the cross-section being taken through the protrusion perpendicular to a direction along the height of the protrusion, the cross-section preferably being midway along the height of the protrusion.

[0106] This embodiment can incorporate additional features that enhance the functionality and versatility of the upper.

[0107] Specifically, each lug of the plurality of lugs can have an essentially circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal horizontal cross-section. The variety of cross-sectional shapes allows for a tailored interaction between the shoe and the ball, potentially optimizing grip, control, and overall tactile response when shooting and passing the ball.

[0108] The cross section may be defined as a cut through the lug perpendicular to the direction along the lug's height. This may ensure that the shape is consistent and accurate at any given height. This precision in defining the cross section may ensure that mechanical properties such as elasticity and bending behavior are uniform and predictable. This may thereby improve the reliability of the upper's performance.

[0109] Preferably, the cross section is taken midway through the height of the lug, which provides a representative sample of the lug's shape and dimensions at a critical point where bending stresses are likely to be greatest. This mid-section ensures that the structural integrity and functional characteristics of the lug are optimized for its intended purpose of assisting ball control.

[0110] The introduction of these specific cross-sectional shapes and precise definition of cross-sectional locations can contribute to the design of more refined and adaptive uppers, which can allow for improved customization and performance in various sporting activities.

[0111] By offering a range of cross-sectional shapes, the design can accommodate different playing styles and preferences, thereby improving the overall user experience.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of projections has a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 50 to 100 Shore A, and more preferably 70 to 90 Shore A.

[0113] The Shore A hardness specified in this embodiment may provide advantages regarding the bending of the lugs and their respective resilience when bent, which in turn may provide additional benefits in aiding ball control.

[0114] Furthermore, this Shore A hardness ensures a smoother transition to the shot (e.g., compared to the relatively hard configurations known in the prior art), which has been found to be particularly advantageous for shots as well as passes.

[0115] Shore hardness may be a measure of the resistance a material has to indentation. Different types of Shore hardness scales are relevant, for example, for measuring the hardness of different materials (e.g., soft rubber, hard plastic, and super-soft gel). Generally, the higher the number on the scale, the harder the material. For example, the difference between the Shore A and Shore D scales is that Shore A may be designated to measure soft rubber, while Shore D may be designated for harder, rigid materials. These ranges may overlap at some levels, e.g., the higher levels.

[0116] This embodiment refines the hardness by specifying that each lug preferably has a Shore A hardness of 50 to 100 Shore A. This narrower range further fine-tunes the material properties to provide a more consistent and reliable interaction between the ball and the microstructured surface, thereby improving the shoe's ability to assist in shooting and passing the ball.

[0117] More preferably, each projection has a Shore A hardness of 70 to 90 Shore A, which provides an even greater degree of specificity in material properties. This most preferred range may ensure that the projections have an optimal balance of hardness and resilience to provide the best possible performance for their intended use in sporting activities.

[0118] Base element In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the microstructured surface comprises a base element, a plurality of protrusions disposed on the base element, and at least two of the plurality of protrusions are connected by the base element.

[0119] The base element can act as a structural foundation that can support the lugs, ensuring their stability and even distribution across the ball contact area. The inclusion of the base element can introduce a unique mechanism of communication between the lugs and the upper, as it provides a monolithic structure that integrates the lugs with the rest of the shoe upper material. This integration can be critical to maintaining the functional integrity of the microstructured surface, as it allows the lugs to elastically flex while remaining fixedly attached to the upper.

[0120] Additionally, the base element facilitates precise and controlled placement of the protrusions, optimizing protrusion placement for effective ball control. By connecting at least two protrusions through the base element, this embodiment enhances the mechanical stability and durability of the microstructured surface. Connecting the protrusions through the base element can ensure that the force exerted on one protrusion upon ball contact is distributed across multiple protrusions, reducing the likelihood of individual protrusions becoming dislodged or damaged. This interconnected structure also contributes to more consistent and reliable performance of the microstructured surface by allowing for more predictable control of the collective behavior of the protrusions.

[0121] Additionally, it is believed that the role of the base element connecting the protrusions may facilitate the manufacturing process, which may enable more efficient production techniques that ensure uniformity and quality of the microstructured surface.

[0122] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the base element and each lug of the plurality of lugs are integrally formed.

[0123] This embodiment, i.e., the lugs are integrally formed with the base element, may have the advantage that its manufacture is improved. Furthermore, the mechanical integrity is improved, and thus the service life of the upper is improved. In particular, there may be fewer areas subjected to stress peaks, etc. This may be due in particular to the absence of attachment means such as adhesives.

[0124] In various examples, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, not all of the protrusions need be integrally formed with the base element, for example, at least two, three, four, five, etc. protrusions may be integrally formed with the base element.

[0125] The base element and one or more of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions being integrally formed may be understood to be formed as one unitary piece, whereby each protrusion and base element need not be separate pieces, for example, one or more or each of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions being molded into the base layer.

[0126] However, it is also contemplated that the projections may be formed separately and attached to the shoe upper and / or base element. In such embodiments, the projections may be bonded to the upper and / or base element by using an adhesive, preferably a hot melt adhesive. Preferably, the projections are bonded to the shoe upper and / or base element by curing the adhesive, for example by heat curing or UV curing.

[0127] In summary, the integral formation of the base element and the plurality of protrusions not only enhances the structural integrity and durability of the shoe upper, but also improves functional performance and manufacturing efficiency, making the upper a significant advancement over non-integral designs.

[0128] However, separate structures, i.e., not integrally forming each component, also have significant advantages. For example, providing separate pieces instead of integrally formed elements offers advantages when building more complex configurations. Additionally, additional functionality can be more easily added. It can be appreciated that the choice between integrally forming elements and providing separate pieces may depend on various factors, such as the intended application, manufacturing process, material properties, desired results, desired functionality, and / or cost considerations. In various examples of this embodiment, the projections and base element may be formed from different materials. For example, the base element material may have a lower elastic stiffness than the projection material, so as to minimize the reduction in flexibility of the upper. At the same time, the projections may have a sufficient amount of bending stiffness to assist in ball shooting and / or passing. Preferably, the base element includes a thermoplastic elastomer, and the plurality of projections include a thermoset elastomer. This is because thermoset elastomers typically have higher stiffness than thermoplastic elastomers. However, other preferred examples are conceivable in which the material of the base element may have a higher elastic stiffness than the material of the protrusions.

[0129] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, the base element forms a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of the upper that extends through the forefoot and / or midfoot portions of the upper.

[0130] This continuous outermost layer provides a one-piece, unified surface that enhances the structural integrity and aesthetic appeal of the shoe. This embodiment can provide several advantages in shoe design and functionality.

[0131] First, by forming a continuous outermost layer, the base element contributes to the durability and longevity of the shoe by providing a protective barrier against wear, particularly in high stress areas such as the forefoot and midfoot.

[0132] Second, this configuration can improve the comfort and fit of the shoe because the continuous layer provides a smoother, more uniform surface that conforms to the shape of the foot, reducing the potential for irritation and tender points. Additionally, a continuous outermost layer can improve the performance characteristics of the upper, particularly in athletic shoes. This may be achieved by providing a more stable, supportive structure that can help maintain proper foot positioning and distribute pressure more evenly during dynamic movement.

[0133] Incorporating this feature into the microstructured surface comprising a plurality of pillar-shaped, elastically bendable protrusions described elsewhere herein can also improve the overall functionality of the shoe.

[0134] The continuous outermost layer can provide a stable foundation for the microstructured surface, ensuring that the protrusions maintain their intended position and effectiveness in assisting in shooting and / or passing the ball.

[0135] This synergy between the continuous outermost layer and the microstructured surface results in a shoe that offers superior performance, comfort, and durability, making it particularly suitable for sports applications where these attributes are highly valued.

[0136] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the base element has a height of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.15 mm, and / or at most 1 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0137] A lower limit on the height of the base element may ensure sufficient durability, and an upper limit on the height of the base element may allow the upper to remain as supple as possible.

[0138] Profile Elements In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, at least one profile element is disposed on the outer surface of the upper, the at least one profile element preferably comprising a base element and a plurality of protrusions.

[0139] The profile elements are designed to enhance the functionality and performance of the shoe by providing additional structural and functional features.

[0140] The profile elements may be applied directly to the outer surface of the upper, ensuring a seamless integration that maintains the overall aesthetic and structural integrity of the shoe.

[0141] The inclusion of profile elements on the outer surface serves to reinforce the microstructured surface of the ball contact area, which already includes a plurality of protrusions configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball.

[0142] This new feature of having at least one profile element on the outer surface offers several advantages. First, it provides an additional layer of interaction between the shoe and the ball, potentially improving grip and control during play. Second, it may contribute to the durability and wear resistance of the upper by providing an additional layer of material that can absorb impact and reduce wear.

[0143] Additionally, the profile element comprises a base element and multiple protrusions, which mirror the design of the microstructured surface. This configuration ensures that the profile element not only complements but enhances the existing functional attributes of the upper. The base element may serve as a base structure to which the multiple protrusions are attached. This may ensure stability and uniformity in the placement of the protrusions. The multiple protrusions of the profile element, like the protrusions of the microstructured surface, are likely designed to be elastically flexible, thereby providing consistent performance characteristics throughout the entire upper. This design continuity may ensure that the shoe provides a uniform response to ball contact, regardless of the specific area of ​​the upper that contacts the ball.

[0144] The integration of the profile element with its base element and lugs thus provides a synergistic enhancement to the overall performance of the shoe, thereby contributing to improved ball control, increased durability, and potentially providing a more refined aesthetic appeal.

[0145] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, at least one profile element comprises one or more partial profile elements, preferably separated from one another, and preferably at least one profile element is arranged in a grid and / or island pattern.

[0146] When at least one profile element is arranged in a grid or island pattern, the upper can be sufficiently flexible by having gaps between the portions of the upper that are not covered by either the profile element or the partial profile element. If the rubber profile element extends substantially continuously, for example, without one or more gaps between the partial profile elements, this can make the upper relatively stiff. The stiffer upper can be achieved, for example, by using the profile element, for example, by using rubber included in the profile element.

[0147] Specifically, the one or more partial profile elements may create a hierarchical structure in the microstructured surface. This hierarchical structure allows for more nuanced interaction with the ball, potentially increasing precision and control during shooting and passing. The one or more partial profile elements are preferably separated from one another, which ensures that each partial profile element can interact with the ball independently, thereby providing a more distributed and flexible contact surface. This separation can also prevent interference between the partial profile elements, maintaining the integrity of the overall performance of the microstructured surface.

[0148] A grid pattern can provide a uniform distribution of protrusions across the ball contact area, which can improve consistency of ball control because the grid arrangement can ensure that the protrusions are uniformly spaced and can collectively contribute to the desired elastic flex and interaction with the ball.

[0149] Alternatively, at least one profile element can be arranged in an island pattern, which can create distinct interaction zones on the microstructured surface. This island pattern is particularly useful for creating specialized areas on the shoe upper that correspond to different aspects of ball handling, such as zones optimized for shooting, passing, or dribbling. The island arrangement can also provide a more targeted approach to ball control, allowing specific areas of the shoe to be fine-tuned for specific functions.

[0150] These additional features collectively provide a high degree of customization and functionality to the shoe upper, enhancing the player's ability to control the ball with greater precision and effectiveness. By incorporating these features, the shoe upper can provide improved performance characteristics to address the unique needs of athletes in various sporting situations.

[0151] Bending materials / functionality In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, the microstructured surface comprises a thermoset elastomer, preferably polyurethane (PU), rubber and / or silicone, and / or the microstructured surface comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, preferably thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic polyether block amide (PEBA), and / or thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE).

[0152] The inclusion of materials such as polyurethane, rubber, silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide, thermoplastic polyether block amide, and thermoplastic polyester elastomer provides a unique mechanism of communication between the components of the microstructured surface and the components of the ball contact area. These materials are known for their inherent properties, such as flexibility, durability, and resilience, which enhance the performance characteristics of the upper.

[0153] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, a majority by weight of the upper is made from a substrate, and a majority by weight of the microstructured surface is made from the same substrate. In this embodiment, the preferred substrate may be a thermoplastic polyurethane, a polyamide, a thermoplastic polyether block amide, or a thermoplastic polyester elastomer. This provides the advantage that the entire upper is more recyclable. The majority by weight may correspond to preferably more than 50%, preferably more than 70%, and preferably more than 90% of the weight of the upper and the microstructured surface, respectively.

[0154] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the ball contact area is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball by allowing each lug of the plurality of lugs to resiliently flex, such that each lug of the plurality of lugs is configured to flex substantially upon contact with the ball.

[0155] This elastic flexibility may ensure that the projections are able to deform upon contact with the ball, providing a more controlled and precise ball handling experience.

[0156] Additionally, each protrusion is designed in the shape of a pillar, contributing to the structural integrity and consistency of the microstructured surface.

[0157] The configuration of each lug essentially flexes upon contact with the ball, creating a new level of adaptability and responsiveness in the shoe upper. This flexing mechanism allows the lugs to absorb and redistribute the forces exerted by the ball, thereby improving the player's control of the ball during shooting and passing maneuvers.

[0158] The unique shape and resilient properties of the lugs work in concert to create a surface that not only grips the ball effectively, but also adapts to the various forces encountered during play.

[0159] In various examples, each protrusion may be configured to curve substantially about a root point of each protrusion on the microstructured surface.

[0160] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, each lug of the plurality of lugs is configured to be substantially unflexed upon contact with the ball during a dribbling event.

[0161] This embodiment creates a unique mechanism of communication between the protrusions and the ball, whereby the protrusions are tailored to provide a unique interaction when dribbling as opposed to shooting or passing. For example, this mechanism may be achieved by the stiffness of each of the protrusions.

[0162] The structural rigidity of the protrusions may ensure that they remain generally unbending when subjected to forces exerted during dribbling. This rigidity may be achieved through material selection or structural design, as described elsewhere herein. This may ensure that the protrusions maintain their shape and position under the dynamic and repetitive forces encountered during dribbling.

[0163] This new feature provides several benefits to the shoe upper. First, it improves ball control during dribbling by providing a consistent and predictable surface interaction, thereby allowing the player to maintain improved control over the ball. The rigid nature of the lugs ensures that the ball does not slip or deflect unexpectedly, which is critical for accuracy during dribbling maneuvers. Second, this feature complements the elastic flexibility of the lugs during shooting and / or passing, as described elsewhere herein. This may be achieved by differentiating the functional response of the lugs based on the type of ball contact.

[0164] This dual functionality may ensure that the shoe upper can adapt to different phases of play, specifically different types of ball contact, thereby providing optimal performance whether the player is dribbling, shooting, and / or passing.

[0165] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions is elastically bendable, wherein each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions is configured to bend upon contact with the ball such that the side of each protrusion or the top of each protrusion contacts the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent protrusion.

[0166] The elastic flexibility of each lug may ensure that the lug can contract and deform in a controlled manner when the ball contacts the upper. This deformation allows the side or top of the lug to contact the outer surface of the upper or adjacent lugs, thereby creating a dynamic interaction that improves grip and control over the ball.

[0167] This new feature provides several advantages to shoe uppers, particularly in the context of sports shoes. First, the ability of the lugs to flex and touch the upper or adjacent lugs increases the surface area in contact with the ball, thereby improving frictional interaction and providing enhanced ball control. This is particularly beneficial for movements such as shooting and passing, where precise control over the ball is crucial. Second, the elastic nature of the lugs allows them to return to their original shape after deformation, ensuring the upper maintains its functionality over time and with repeated use. This durability is essential for sports shoes, which are subject to significant wear and tear.

[0168] Additionally, the interaction between the lugs and the upper or adjacent lugs can create a cushioning effect, absorbing some of the impact force when the ball strikes the upper, which can improve comfort for the wearer and potentially reduce the risk of injury.

[0169] Overall, the elastic yielding of each lug that contacts the upper or adjacent lugs upon contact with the ball creates an enhanced mechanism for improving ball control, durability, comfort, and aesthetic appeal of the shoe upper.

[0170] In particular, it should be noted that protrusions with greater height may be able to deform so that the tops of the protrusions touch the outer surface of the upper.

[0171] Upper with profile elements In a second aspect of the present invention, the above object is solved by an upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, comprising a ball contact area with at least one profile element arranged on the outer surface of the upper, a. at least one profile element comprises a microstructured surface comprising a plurality of protrusions; b. the profile element is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball; c. Each of the plurality of protrusions has a pillar shape.

[0172] Needless to say, the features, technical properties, embodiments, advantages and improvements over the prior art described with respect to the upper of the first aspect apply equally to the upper of the second aspect (to the extent that it makes technical sense, as would be understood by one skilled in the art), and vice versa.

[0173] The upper of the second embodiment exhibits profile elements, which may be similar to those of the upper of the first embodiment.

[0174] Nevertheless, in this second embodiment, bendability of the projections is not necessary, although it is not excluded in various instances.

[0175] As described elsewhere herein, the preferred aspect ratio of the protrusions in the second embodiment may be lower compared to the first embodiment.

[0176] Nevertheless, the microstructured surface provides increased specific contact pressure, thereby providing additional grip to the profile element. Overall, similar advantages to those described with respect to the first embodiment can be achieved. In particular, improved shooting is provided, while reducing discomfort when dribbling. Also, grip in wet conditions can be improved.

[0177] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, the profile elements comprise a thermoset elastomer, rubber, and / or silicone.

[0178] These materials have the advantage of providing sufficient stiffness, support, and can contribute to improved ball control for shooting and / or passing the ball. Additionally, these materials can be relatively easy to manufacture, are cost-effective, and are widely accepted in the field of shoe soles.

[0179] Additionally, the inclusion of thermoset elastomers, rubbers, and / or silicones in the profile elements offers several advantages, particularly in applications where durability, flexibility, and resistance to various environmental factors are critical.

[0180] Thermoset elastomers are known for their excellent mechanical properties and resistance to deformation under stress. Once cured, thermoset elastomers do not melt or soften when reheated, making them ideal for applications requiring long-term stability. Additionally, thermoset elastomers can generally resist a variety of chemicals, oils, and solvents, making them suitable for harsh chemical environments. Thermoset elastomers offer a good balance of stiffness and flexibility, which is important for maintaining shape while allowing some movement.

[0181] Rubber offers excellent resilience, flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Rubber can withstand repeated stretching, making it suitable for dynamic applications. Depending on the type (e.g., nitrile, EPDM), rubber can offer good resistance to oils, fuels, and other chemicals. Rubber is very flexible and resilient, making it ideal for applications requiring frequent movement or deformation.

[0182] Silicones are known for their excellent thermal stability, maintaining their properties over a wide temperature range. They are also resistant to UV light, ozone, and weathering, contributing to their long life in outdoor applications. Silicones exhibit excellent resistance to many chemicals, including acids, bases, and solvents, making them suitable for use in chemically aggressive environments. Silicones also offer excellent flexibility and elasticity at low temperatures, which is critical for maintaining performance in cold environments.

[0183] In summary, the use of thermoset elastomers, rubber, and / or silicones for the profile elements provides a robust solution that takes advantage of the unique properties of each material to meet the upper requirements described herein.

[0184] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions, preferably each protrusion, comprises an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion compared to the width of the protrusion of at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5, and / or at most 10, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3.

[0185] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0186] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions, preferably each protrusion, has a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, and / or at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0187] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0188] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the pitch between two adjacent protrusions of the plurality of protrusions is 1.2 to 3 times the width of one of the two adjacent protrusions, preferably 1.2 to 2 times the width.

[0189] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0190] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions has a height of 0.2 to 1.2 mm.

[0191] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0192] In preferred embodiments of the upper described herein, the microstructured surface comprises a contact portion defined by the entire upper surfaces of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions, the upper surfaces facing away from the upper, and the coverage of the contact surface is 20% to 70%, preferably 25% to 50%, and more preferably 30% to 40%, and the coverage is defined by the entire upper surfaces of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions compared to the microstructured surface.

[0193] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0194] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each lug has a Shore A hardness of 30-110 Shore A, preferably 35-60 Shore A, and more preferably 40-55 Shore A.

[0195] The advantages of each are described with respect to the first embodiment described herein. Note that the preferred values ​​of hardness are lower compared to the first embodiment described herein.

[0196] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the microstructured surface comprises a base element, and the plurality of protrusions and the base element are formed by molding a profile element, with the plurality of protrusions being integrally formed with the base element.

[0197] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0198] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, at least one profile element comprises at least one macro-projection that is larger than any of the projections of the plurality of projections.

[0199] The macroprotrusions can provide additional functionality to the upper, and the macroprotrusions (if present) can act in conjunction with the remaining protrusions of the microstructured surface, thereby providing more tailored functionality.

[0200] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, the macroprotrusions have a width of 0.8 mm to 5 mm and / or a height of 1.3 mm to 5 mm.

[0201] This further contributes to improved ball control.

[0202] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, at least one profile element extends at least partially through the medial toe portion, the medial metatarsal portion and / or the medial distal tarsal portion of the upper.

[0203] The advantages of each are discussed with respect to the first aspect described herein.

[0204] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, at least one profile element has an essentially diamond-shaped, circular, and / or grid-like shape.

[0205] A grid pattern can provide a uniform distribution of protrusions across the ball contact area, which can improve consistency of ball control because the grid arrangement can ensure that the protrusions are uniformly spaced and can collectively contribute to the desired elastic flex and interaction with the ball.

[0206] Additionally, the diamond and circular shapes may each offer unique advantages in improving ball control, and additionally allow for unique advantages in manufacturing and the like.

[0207] In preferred embodiments of the uppers described herein, the profile element is a first profile element and the upper comprises a second profile element, the second profile element being spaced apart from the first profile element.

[0208] This allows for more precise ball control as additional profile elements allow for fine-tuning of the upper's functionality.

[0209] In a further aspect, the above object is solved by a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, comprising an upper according to any one of the aspects / embodiments described herein and a sole attached to the upper.

[0210] It goes without saying that the technical properties, advantages and improvements over the prior art shown or described with respect to the upper apply equally to shoes, in particular sports shoes.

[0211] The upper may be attached to the sole by any type of suitable attachment means. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, attaching a shoe upper to a sole may require a variety of methods and techniques depending on the type of shoe, the materials used, and / or the desired level of durability and robustness of the upper. For example, attachment may involve cementing / adhesive bonding, which is a common method, such as applying a strong adhesive to one or both of the upper and sole. They may then be pressed together to bond them.

[0212] In a further aspect, the above object is solved by an upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, the upper comprising a ball contact area with a microstructured surface, a. the microstructured surface comprising a plurality of protrusions, b. the microstructured surface is configured such that each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions is capable of elastically bending to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball, and c. each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions has a shape with dimensions that enable anisotropic bending behavior, for example each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions may have an elongated shape when viewed along the contour of the upper.

[0213] Needless to say, the features, technical properties, embodiments, advantages and improvements over the prior art that have been described with respect to the uppers of the first and second aspects apply equally to the upper of this further aspect (as long as it makes technical sense, as will be understood by those skilled in the art), and vice versa.

[0214] This embodiment has the added advantage that the protrusions allow for direction-dependent bendability.

[0215] That each protrusion of a plurality of protrusions has an elongated shape may mean that there may be a dimension along one axis of the shape that is greater than one, preferably both, dimensions along the remaining axis, preferably both axes substantially perpendicular to the one axis. When dimensions are described herein, it is understood that manufacturing tolerances must usually be taken into account. Although not always explicitly expressed (e.g., by using the word "substantially"), it is understood that parts, elements, units, and shapes described herein include such manufacturing tolerances. Thus, the dimensions described herein may vary slightly.

[0216] Illustratively, the length of each protrusion may be different from the length of each protrusion in the first and / or second embodiments.

[0217] For example, the length of each protrusion may be approximately at least 1.5 times the width, preferably at least 2 times the width, preferably at least 2.5 times the width, preferably at least 3 times the width, and / or at most 6 times the width, preferably at most 5.5 times the width, preferably at most 5 times the width, preferably at most 4.5 times the width, preferably at most 4 times the width.

[0218] The present invention includes the following embodiments. 1. An upper (101) for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, comprising a ball contact area (140) with a microstructured surface (150), a. the microstructured surface (150) comprises a plurality of protrusions (151); b. the microstructured surface (150) is configured such that each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is elastically bendable to assist in shooting and / or passing a ball; c. Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a pillar shape. 2. The upper (101) according to the preceding embodiment, wherein one or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151), has a pore size of at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5, and / or With an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion compared to the width of the protrusion of at most 10, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3. 3. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein one or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151), has a thickness of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, and / or It has a width of at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm. 4. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein one or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151), has a thickness of at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm, and / or It has a height of at most 1.2 mm, preferably at most 1.1 mm, preferably at most 1.0 mm. 5. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the pitch between adjacent protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.4 times the width; and / or It is at most 4, preferably at most 3, preferably at most 2, preferably at most 1.8, preferably at most 1.6 times the width. 6. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the pitch between two adjacent protrusions (151) among the plurality of protrusions (151) is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm. 7. The upper (101) according to embodiment 5 or embodiment 6, wherein the pitch is essentially uniform for each pair of adjacent protrusions (151) among the plurality of protrusions (151). 8. The upper (101) of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the microstructured surface (150) comprises a contact portion defined by the entire upper surfaces of the plurality of protrusions (151), the upper surfaces facing away from the upper; The coverage of the contact surface is 3-50%, preferably 5-30%, more preferably 5-15%, and the coverage is defined by the entire top surface of the plurality of protrusions (151) compared to the microstructured surface (150). 9. An upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a length substantially perpendicular to its width and a height, the length and width following the contour of the upper, the length being 0.8 to 1.2 times the width, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 times the width, and most preferably the length being essentially equal to the width. 10. The upper (101) of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the microstructured surface (150) is at least partially disposed in the medial toe portion (105), medial metatarsal portion (110), medial distal tarsal portion (115), lateral toe portion (120), lateral metatarsal portion (125), lateral distal tarsal portion (130), mid-toe portion, mid-metatarsal portion, and / or mid-distal tarsal portion of the upper. 11. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) has an essentially circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal horizontal cross-section, the cross-section being taken through the protrusion perpendicularly in a direction along the height of the protrusion; The cross section is preferably midway through the height of the projection. 12. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 50 to 100 Shore A, and more preferably 70 to 90 Shore A. 13. The upper (101) of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the microstructured surface (150) comprises a base element (156), and the plurality of protrusions are disposed on the base element (156); At least two of the plurality of protrusions (151) are connected by base elements (156)(156). 14. The upper (101) according to embodiment 13, wherein the base element (156) and each of the plurality of protrusions (151) are integrally formed. 15. The upper (101) according to embodiment 13 or 14, wherein the base element (156) forms a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of the upper that extends through the forefoot and / or midfoot portions of the upper. 16. An upper (101) according to embodiment 13 or 14, wherein at least one profile element (160) is arranged on the outer surface of the upper, and the at least one profile element (160) comprises a base element (156) and a plurality of protrusions. 17. The upper according to embodiment 16, wherein at least one profile element (160) comprises one or more partial profile elements (165), preferably separate from one another; Preferably, the at least one profile element (160) is arranged in a grid and / or island pattern. 18. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the microstructured surface (150) comprises a thermoset elastomer, preferably polyurethane (PU), rubber and / or silicone; and / or The microstructured surface (150) comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a polyamide (PA), a thermoplastic polyether block amide (PEBA), and / or a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). 19. The upper (101) of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the ball contact area (140) is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball by allowing each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) to bend elastically such that each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is configured to bend substantially upon contact with the ball. 20. The upper (101) of embodiment 19, wherein each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is configured to be substantially unbendable upon contact with the ball during a dribbling event. 21. An upper as described in embodiment 19, wherein each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is capable of elastically bending, and wherein each protrusion (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is configured to bend upon contact with a ball so that the side or top of each protrusion (151) contacts the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent protrusion. 22. An upper (101) for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, comprising a ball contact area (140) with at least one profile element (160) arranged on the outer surface of the upper; a. at least one profile element (160) comprises a microstructured surface (150) comprising a plurality of protrusions (151); b. the profile element (160) is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball; c. Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a pillar shape. 23. The upper (101) according to embodiment 22, wherein the profile element (160) comprises a thermosetting elastomer, preferably polyurethane (PU), rubber and / or silicone. 24. The upper (101) according to embodiment 22 or 23, wherein one or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151), has a pore size of at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5, and / or With an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion compared to the width of the protrusion of at most 10, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3. 25. The upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 24, wherein one or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151), is at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, and / or It has a width of at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm. 26. The upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 25, wherein the pitch between two adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions is 1.2 to 3 times the width, preferably 1.2 to 2 times the width. 27. The upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 26, wherein each of the plurality of protrusions has a height of 0.2 to 1.2 mm. 28. The upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 27, wherein the microstructured surface (150) comprises a contact portion defined by the entire upper surface of the plurality of protrusions (151), the upper surface facing away from the upper; The coverage of the contact surface is 20% to 70%, preferably 25% to 50%, more preferably 30% to 40%, and the coverage is defined by the entire top surface of the plurality of protrusions (151) compared to the microstructured surface (150). 29. The upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 28, wherein each protrusion has a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 35 to 60 Shore A, and more preferably 40 to 55 Shore A. 30. An upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 29, wherein the microstructured surface (150) comprises a base element (156), and the plurality of protrusions and the base element (156) are formed by molding a profile element (160), and the plurality of protrusions are integrally formed with the base element (156). 31. An upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 30, wherein at least one profile element (160) comprises at least one macro-protrusion that is larger than any of the protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151). 32. The upper (101) according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the macroprotrusions have a width of 0.8 mm to 5 mm and / or a height of 1.3 mm to 5 mm. 33. An upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22-32, wherein at least one profile element (160) extends at least partially into the medial toe portion, the medial metatarsal portion, and / or the medial distal tarsal portion of the upper. 34. The upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22-33, wherein at least one profile element (160) has an essentially diamond-shaped, circular, and / or lattice-shaped shape. 35. An upper (101) according to any one of embodiments 22 to 34, wherein the profile element (160) is a first profile element (160), and the upper has a second profile element (160'), and the second profile element (160') is spaced apart from the first profile element (160). 36. Shoes (100), especially sports shoes, wherein the shoes (100, 200, 300) are: An upper according to one of embodiments 1 to 35; The shoe has a sole (102, 202) attached to the upper (101).

[0219] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following figures: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0220] [Figure 1] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, according to a first embodiment of a first aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 2A-2C show the embodiment of FIG. 1 in different perspectives. [Figure 3] 2 shows the embodiment of FIG. 1 at enlarged view AA. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstructured surface with protrusions in a normal state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 1A is a schematic diagram of two protrusions from above and one protrusion from the side, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 6] 1A-1C are illustrations of materials used for the microstructured surface, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, according to a second embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 7B shows the embodiment of FIG. 7 in enlarged view BB shown in FIG. [Figure 9] 9 shows the embodiment of FIG. 8 in enlarged view CC shown in FIG. 8. [Figure 10] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, according to a first embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] 11 is a detailed schematic diagram of a portion of the microstructured surface of the embodiment of FIG. 10. [Figure 12] 11 is a perspective view of a portion of the microstructured surface of the embodiment of FIG. 10. [Figure 13] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstructured surface according to an embodiment of a further aspect of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0221] Below, only some possible embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and many other embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. The presented embodiments can be modified in multiple ways and combined with each other where compatible, and certain features may be omitted unless deemed essential. In particular, the disclosed embodiments may be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment.

[0222] It should be understood that not all features of the described aspects / embodiments must be present to achieve the technical advantages provided by the present disclosure as defined by the subject matter of the claims. The disclosed aspects / embodiments may be modified by combining specific features of one aspect / embodiment with one or more features of another aspect / embodiment. Specifically, those skilled in the art will understand that features and / or functional elements of one aspect / embodiment can be combined with technically compatible features and / or functional elements of other aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure, provided that the resulting combination falls within the defined scope of the present disclosure.

[0223] Although the following embodiments are described primarily with reference to shoe uppers, particularly sports shoe uppers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure is equally applicable in multiple different technical fields and / or use cases.

[0224] Throughout the drawings and specification, like reference numerals refer to like elements. For clarity and brevity, certain features, parts, elements, aspects, components, and / or steps of particular embodiments are presented without unnecessary detail where such detail would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings herein and / or where such detail would obscure an understanding of more relevant aspects of the embodiments.

[0225] For the sake of understanding by those skilled in the art and / or to avoid redundancy, reference is also made to the descriptions in the preceding sections, which also apply to the following detailed description. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity and clarity, not all features, parts, elements, aspects, components, and / or steps will be explicitly indicated by reference signs. This is particularly true if those skilled in the art will recognize that there are multiple such features, parts, elements, aspects, components, and / or steps. One example of this would be protrusion 151.

[0226] definition As used herein, "toe portion" may include the big toe and / or the portion adjacent to the big toe joint.

[0227] Unless otherwise specified, "substantial" or "substantially" as used herein may be understood to a great or significant degree, or for the most part, or essentially. In particular, manufacturing variations are included by this term.

[0228] The word "and / or" is merely an associative relationship describing related objects, and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B represents three conditions: the sole presence of A, the presence of both A and B, and the sole presence of B. Additionally, the character " / " in this disclosure generally represents an "or" relationship between the previous related object and the next related object.

[0229] Words denoting orientations or positions, such as "bottom," "top," "one end," "other end," "outside," "upper," "upper," "inner," "lower," "bottom," "horizontal," "coaxial," "central," "end," "portion," "length," "outer end," etc., are based on the orientations or positions shown in the drawings.

[0230] The terms "top," "upper," "lower," "below," and the like, when used herein to denote relative positions in space, are used for ease of explanation to describe an article of clothing, element, part, object, and / or feature shown in the drawings in relation to another article of clothing, element, part, object, and / or feature.

[0231] Text description of the illustration image022.gif. 1-3 show an exemplary upper for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, according to a first embodiment of a first aspect of the present disclosure (FIGS. 1, 2, 3).

[0232] Upper 101 includes ball contact area 140 having microstructured surface 150. Microstructured surface 150 includes a plurality of protrusions 151 (not all of which are labeled with reference numerals for the sake of brevity). Due to their microstructured nature, protrusions 151 may not be readily discernible from FIG. 1 alone. Protrusions 151 may be best seen in FIG. 3. Microstructured surface 140 is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing a ball by allowing each of protrusions 151 of plurality of protrusions 151 to bend elastically. Each of protrusions 151 of plurality of protrusions 151 has a post shape (as shown in FIG. 4 in particular).

[0233] Microstructured surface 150 is configured to assist in shooting the ball (e.g., kicking, hard passing, etc.) as well as in passing (e.g., dribbling, first touch, and / or short passes), thereby providing advantages in significantly different situations of play, as described in detail elsewhere herein.

[0234] It should be noted that a shot and / or a pass, as referred to herein, may include any possible action in which a player positions the shoe so that the upper 101 contacts the ball. A shot, as referred to herein, may refer to a player kicking the ball with a relatively fast foot movement in an attempt to score a goal. In particular, a shot may include a strong shot, such as a power shot, i.e., a shot struck with maximum force, often used for long-distance attempts. Another example may be a curl shot, i.e., a shot struck with the inside of the upper, in which the player typically wraps their leg around the ball and then swings it outward from their body. Another example may be a volley, i.e., a shot taken directly from the air, generating great power. Another example may be a half volley, i.e., a shot struck as the ball bounces off the ground, allowing for a powerful hit. Another example may be a free kick (when struck with force), i.e., a direct shot at goal from a set-piece situation, struck with significant force. Another example may be a penalty kick (when taken with force), i.e., a shot taken from a penalty shot, which is often taken with great force to beat the goalkeeper. Another example may be a placed shot, i.e., a shot that aims for precision, with the aim of knocking the ball out of the goalkeeper's reach. Another example may be a chip shot, i.e., a delicate shot intended to kick the ball with minimal force so that it goes over the goalkeeper. Another example may be a side of the foot shot, i.e., a controlled, accurate shot using the side of the leg, which is usually not very forceful but is usually not very difficult to place. Many further examples are encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0235] A pass, as referred to herein, may include a less powerful kick and may refer to a player kicking the ball toward another player in an attempt to hand over control to said other player. In particular, a pass may include a high pass and / or a flat pass, where the impact of the ball upon kicking is typically toward the top of the foot compared to a flat pass. Another example may be a curled pass, which corresponds to the curled shot described above in its technique. Another example may be a foot-side pass, which corresponds to the foot-side shot described above in its technique, where the foot-side pass may typically be used for flat passes and / or short passes. Many further examples are encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0236] However, as already pointed out above, those skilled in the art will understand that the different types and / or examples of shots listed above may overlap, and that different types and / or examples of passes may be relevant, which may partially overlap. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the range of possible speeds for shots may overlap with the range of possible speeds for passes.

[0237] On the other hand, low-impact ball contact as referred to herein may include dribbling, i.e., moving the ball with a series of controlled contacts, often with an emphasis on maneuverability rather than power. Another example may be a first touch, i.e., the initial contact used to control the ball, emphasizing precision and control. Another example may be a short pass when played at a relatively slow speed.

[0238] The microstructured surface 150 can be at least partially disposed in the medial toe portion 105, the medial metatarsal portion 110, the medial distal tarsal portion 115, the lateral toe portion 120, the lateral metatarsal portion 125, the lateral distal tarsal portion 1230, the mid-toe portion, the mid-metatarsal portion, and / or the mid-distal tarsal portion of the upper 101.

[0239] The inboard toe portion 105 referred to herein may include the portion of the upper corresponding to each toe. However, the inboard toe portion is not limited thereto. In particular, it is not specifically limited to each toe. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it may also include adjacent tissue, such as tissue adjacent to the toes.

[0240] The medial metatarsal portion 110 referred to herein may include, for example, the medial and / or superior side of the first metatarsal bone.

[0241] The medial distal tarsal portion 115 referred to herein may include, for example, the medial superior side of the first cuneiform and / or navicular bone. In the case of profile elements described elsewhere herein, it may be beneficial to be positioned near and / or extend near the navicular bone.

[0242] The lateral toe portion 120 referred to herein may include, for example, the lateral and / or upper side of the fifth toe.

[0243] The lateral metatarsal portion 125 referred to herein may include, for example, the lateral and / or superior side of the fifth metatarsal.

[0244] The lateral distal tarsal portion 130 referred to herein may include, for example, the lateral cuneiform bone and / or the lateral superior side of the cuboid bone.

[0245] It should be noted that each "intermediate" portion, i.e., the mid-toe portion, the mid-metatarsal portion, and / or the mid-distal tarsal portion, is substantially between the respective lateral and medial portions as viewed along the medial-to-lateral (and lateral-to-medial) direction of the upper.

[0246] One or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, or each protrusion 151, has an essentially circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal horizontal cross-section, the cross-section being taken through the protrusion 151 perpendicularly to a direction along the height of the protrusion 151. The cross-section may preferably be midway through the height of the protrusion 151. This shape may be best seen in Figures 4, 5, 9, 11, and 12.

[0247] One or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, or each protrusion 151, of the embodiment of the first aspect depicted herein may have a Shore A hardness of 30-110 Shore A, preferably 50-100 Shore A, more preferably 70-90 Shore A.

[0248] In this embodiment, one of the microstructured surfaces 150 extends substantially continuously across the front piece of the upper 151. The microstructured surface 150 is molded substantially as a whole sheet and integrally forms the base element 156 (best seen in and described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4) and the protrusions 151 as described elsewhere herein.

[0249] Microstructured surface 150 may then be bonded to one or more additional layers. This combination may thereby form a layered structure for the front portion of upper 101. This layered structure may then be cut and bonded (e.g., without limitation, by sewing) to additional portions, parts, elements, components, etc. of upper 101. The material of microstructured surface 150 may be any type of material. For example, microstructured surface 150 may include a thermoset elastomer such as polyurethane (PU), rubber, and / or silicone, and / or the microstructured surface may include a thermoplastic elastomer such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic polyether block amide (PEBA), and / or thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). Preferably, the material of microstructured surface 150 includes or consists essentially of TPU.

[0250] With reference to FIGS. 1-3, it can be envisioned that base element 156 can form a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of upper 101 that extends through the forefoot and / or midfoot portions of upper 101 .

[0251] Generally applicable to any embodiment herein, ball contact area 140 is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball by allowing each protrusion 151 of multiple protrusions 151 to bend resiliently such that each protrusion 151 of multiple protrusions 151 is configured to bend substantially upon contact with the ball. Additionally, generally applicable to any embodiment herein, each protrusion 151 of multiple protrusions 151 is configured to not bend substantially upon contact with the ball during a dribbling event.

[0252] Thus, it is understood that upper 101 provides various advantages. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that such microstructured surface 150 provides force-dependent grip and therefore increased grip for high-impact ball contacts, such as for shooting a ball, which may occur, for example, when kicking a ball. At the same time, the microstructured surface 150 provides less grip for low-impact ball contacts, such as may occur during dribbling, first touch, and / or short passes.

[0253] Additionally, and generally applicable to any embodiment herein, each protrusion 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151 is capable of elastically bending, wherein each protrusion 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151 is configured to bend upon contact with the ball such that the side of each protrusion 151 or the top of each protrusion 151 contacts the outer surface of the upper 101 or an adjacent protrusion 151.

[0254] FIG. 1 shows a shoe 100, in particular a sports shoe, which comprises an upper 101 and a sole 102 attached to the upper 101.

[0255] As exemplarily shown in FIG. 1 , the shoe 100 may be provided with studs 180 (only two are shown for simplicity), which may also be referred to as cleats. These studs may provide traction for a player on a surface, particularly a soft surface such as grass. The use of studs is known in the fields of ball sports such as soccer or football (e.g., American football) and rugby. In some examples, the studs may be integrally formed with the sole 102 of the shoe 100. The studs 180 may be at least partially injected onto a substrate. In various examples, prefabricated stud tips may be placed into a mold and the substrate injected over them. The substrate may constitute part of the sole 102. In various examples, the studs 180 may comprise TPU. Integral or injection-molded studs 180 have the advantage of eliminating the need for threads and / or replacing the studs 180. Nevertheless, replaceable or threaded studs 180 may also be used.

[0256] It is noted that microstructured surface 150 may additionally or alternatively be located on the tongue portion of upper 101, if present, and / or on the heel portion of upper 101.

[0257] Figure 4 shows a schematic view of a microstructured surface 150 with protrusions in a normal state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 shows a schematic view of two protrusions 151 from above and one protrusion from the side according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0258] As can be seen, one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, preferably each protrusion 151, has an aspect ratio defined by the height p_h of the protrusion (as shown, inter alia, in Figures 4 and 5) compared to the width p_w of the protrusion 151 (as shown, inter alia, in Figures 4 and 5) of at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5, and / or at most 10, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3.

[0259] As can be inferred from Figures 4 and 5, one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, preferably each protrusion 151, may have a width p_w of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, and / or at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0260] As can be inferred from Figures 4 and 5, one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, preferably each protrusion 151, has a height p_h of at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm, and / or at most 1.2 mm, preferably at most 1.1 mm, preferably at most 1.0 mm.

[0261] As can be inferred from Figures 4 and 5, the pitch pt between two adjacent protrusions 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151 is at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.4 times the width p_w of the protrusions 151, and / or is at most 4, preferably at most 3, preferably at most 2, preferably at most 1.8, preferably at most 1.6 times the width p_w.

[0262] Furthermore, the pitch pt between two adjacent protrusions 151 among the plurality of protrusions 151 may be approximately 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

[0263] As can be inferred from the schematic diagram of FIG. 4, the pitch pt is essentially uniform for each pair of adjacent protrusions of the plurality of protrusions.

[0264] As described elsewhere herein, it is fully encompassed by the present disclosure that the pitch pt need not be uniform, for example, the pitch pt may be different for two or more of the plurality of protrusions 151.

[0265] As can be inferred from FIGS. 4 and 5 , microstructured surface 150 comprises a contact portion defined by the entire top surfaces of protrusions 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151, with the top surfaces facing away from upper 101. Furthermore, the coverage of the contact surface is between 3 and 50%, preferably between 5 and 30%, and more preferably between 5 and 15%. As discussed elsewhere herein, coverage may be defined by the entire top surfaces of protrusions 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151 compared to microstructured surface 150. Referring to FIG. 4 , squares indicate the top surfaces of protrusions 151. The total top surface may be the sum of these top surface areas divided by the total area of ​​microstructured surface 150 (only base element 156 is shown in FIG. 4 , and its area may correspond to the area of ​​microstructured surface 150 in certain instances).

[0266] As can be inferred from Figures 4 and 5, one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 or each protrusion 151 has a length p_l substantially perpendicular to the width p_w and a height p_h, the length p_h and the width p_w following the contour of the upper 101, the length p_l being 0.8 to 1.2 times the width, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 times the width, and most preferably the length is essentially equal to the width p_w.

[0267] The microstructured surface 150 may include a base element 156, and a plurality of protrusions 151 may be disposed on the base element 156, with at least two of the plurality of protrusions 151 being connected by the base element 156. The base element 156 is also shown in Figures 11 and 12.

[0268] Base element 156 and one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, or each protrusion 151, may be integrally formed. However, as described elsewhere herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, or each protrusion 151, may be separately formed.

[0269] The integral formation of elements, e.g., forming the base element 156 and one or more of the plurality of projections 151, or each projection 151, as a single, unitary piece, may also be known as a monolithic or one-piece design. This may offer several advantages in various situations. For example, a single piece may provide strength and durability because it often has fewer weak points and / or potential breakages than an assembly of multiple components. This may result in increased overall strength and durability. Additionally, although not exclusive, a single piece may substantially eliminate the need for separate parts, fasteners, or connectors. This may also result in cost savings during manufacturing. Furthermore, a single piece may reduce the overall weight of the resulting structure and / or product. This may be particularly advantageous in the context of shoe soles, where weight savings can play a significant role. Furthermore, a single piece may provide improved performance because wear, vibration, noise, etc., associated with separate moving parts may be reduced. Furthermore, by eliminating the need for additional components, parts, elements, etc., a single piece can reduce material costs, labor costs, and / or assembly time, resulting in cost savings. Additionally, fewer components can often mean a simplified construction, which can lead to less material waste during manufacturing and disposal. This can contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly product.

[0270] In a particularly preferred example, one or more or each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is molded into the base layer 156, thereby forming an integral part of the base layer 156 and each protrusion 151. For example, this is described with reference to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3.

[0271] It is noted that the protrusions 151 described in all embodiments herein may be understood as microstructure protrusions 151. To determine the dimensions, it is practical to use dimensions that may significantly represent the protrusions 151. For the width p_w, it has been found that the midpoint of the height is useful for determining this dimension, since the top / bottom width p_w of the protrusions 151 may be relatively small / large.

[0272] The side angle α is also shown in Figures 4 and 5. The angled side of each protrusion 151 may extend along the entire height p_h of the protrusion 151, or may extend only partially along the height p_h of the protrusion 151 from the top surface.

[0273] The side angle α may be at least 0°, preferably at least 1°, preferably at least 2°, preferably at least 3°, preferably at least 4°, preferably at least 5°, preferably at least 10°, preferably at least 15°, preferably at least 20°, and / or at most 40°, preferably at most 30°, preferably at most 25°, preferably at most 20°, preferably at most 15°, preferably at most 10°, preferably at most 5°. A person skilled in the art could easily select the respective ranges as long as the combination of the upper and lower limits makes technical sense.

[0274] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a protrusion 151 with a circular cross section.

[0275] FIG. 6 shows an exemplary diagram of materials used for the microstructured surface 150, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0276] In detail, the figure shows the coefficient of friction (CoF) (y-axis) against the indentation pressure (x-axis) for samples A, D and a reference sample (R). The reference sample is a fabric without a microstructured surface and covered with PU foil. The indentation pressure is measured for the microstructured surface under test in comparison with a reference surface such as a ball. All test results are shown for dry conditions (A, D, R) and wet conditions (A', D', R'). The samples are described in detail in the table below.

[0277] As can be inferred from FIG. 6, Sample A, and especially Sample D, provide a larger increase in CoF with respect to indentation pressure compared to Reference Type R. This may ensure that force-dependent friction properties are provided in both wet and dry conditions.

[0278] Some specific examples of microstructured surfaces and protrusions are shown in the table below, which is provided solely for the purpose of illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection defined by the claims.

[0279] [Table 1]

[0280] 7-9 show an exemplary upper 101 for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, according to a second embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure (FIGS. 7, 8, 9). This embodiment corresponds to the remaining embodiments described herein, with differences primarily emphasized, although common features are also presented. Reference numerals correspond to the remaining embodiments herein.

[0281] Upper 101 includes a ball contact area 140 and a microstructured surface 150 as described elsewhere herein.

[0282] At least one profile element 160 (best seen in Figures 8 and 9) is disposed on the outer surface of upper 101, and this at least one profile element 160 preferably comprises a base element 156 (best seen in Figures 8 and 9) and a plurality of protrusions 151.

[0283] The at least one profile element 160 preferably comprises one or more partial profile elements 165 (only one of which is exemplarily shown in FIG. 7 by reference number 165) that are separated from one another. The at least one profile element 160 is preferably arranged in a grid and / or island pattern, as best seen in FIG. 7.

[0284] In Figures 7-9, profile elements 160, along with microstructured surfaces 150, are located in the medial and mid-toe areas, the medial and mid-metatarsal areas, and the medial distal tarsal area.

[0285] The first profile element 160 is provided with a microstructured surface 150 having a grid-like shape.

[0286] Furthermore, at least one second profile element 160' is provided with a microstructured surface 150 having a diamond-shaped shape. This second profile element 160' is located within the first profile element 160.

[0287] Macroprotrusions 155 are disposed on a first profile element 160 disposed adjacent to the microstructured surface 150. These macroprotrusions 155 are approximately 1 mm wide and 1-3 mm high.

[0288] The material of the profile elements 160, 160' may be rubber.

[0289] Manufacturing: The profile elements are formed from rubber in a mold. They are then bonded to the outer surface of the upper's layered structure. The layered structure can be of any current technology type, including, for example, woven or knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, leather, artificial leather, foam layers, etc., as well as a final top coating, such as a TPU or PU foil layer. An adhesive, preferably a hot-melt adhesive, can be used to bond the profile elements to the layered structure, preferably by heat pressing.

[0290] Arranging at least one profile element in a grid or island pattern allows the upper to be sufficiently flexible by having gaps between the profile elements where the upper is not covered by the profile elements. If the rubber profile element were to extend continuously, it would make the upper relatively stiff due to the nature of the rubber.

[0291] By placing different microstructured surfaces 150 on different profile elements 160, different zones can be provided with different frictional properties that are appreciated by the wearer. For example, profile elements 160 can be placed on either the side portions and / or the middle portion, and the profile elements 160 can have a smaller width and / or aspect ratio than profile elements 160 placed on either the inner portion.

[0292] 10-12 show an exemplary upper for a shoe, particularly a sports shoe, according to a first embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 shows a detailed schematic view of a portion of the microstructured surface of the embodiment of FIG. 10. FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a portion of the microstructured surface of the embodiment of FIG. 10. This embodiment corresponds to the remaining embodiments described herein, particularly of the first aspect, with differences primarily emphasized, although common features are also presented. Reference numerals correspond to the remaining embodiments herein.

[0293] Upper 101 comprises a ball contact area 140 having at least one profile element 160 disposed on an outer surface of upper 101, at least one profile element 160 comprising a microstructured surface 150 having a plurality of protrusions 151 (illustratively, three protrusions 151 are labeled with reference numbers). Profile element 160 is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing a ball. Each protrusion 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151 has a post shape, as described elsewhere herein.

[0294] The upper 101 is not limited to one profile element 160. By way of example, at least one second profile element 160' is indicated by reference numeral in FIG. 10 . However, as can be seen in FIG. 10 , the upper 101 can comprise several profile elements 160, and in particular nine profile elements 160, 160'. There can be one or more profile elements, for example located on the medial side of the upper 101, that do not include a microstructured surface 150.

[0295] The profile elements 160, 160' have a diamond-shaped configuration. The second profile element 160' is not within the first profile element 160 in this embodiment, but is adjacent to it.

[0296] In particular, the profile element 160 may be a first profile element 160, and the further profile element 160' may be a second profile element 160' spaced apart from the first profile element 160. This has the effect that the upper 101 remains flexible, as the profile elements 160 are preferably made from an elastomeric or rubber material. The spaces between the profile elements 160 (which may be provided, for example, by an island or grid pattern as described elsewhere herein) provide this flexibility.

[0297] Macro-protrusions 155 (not shown in FIG. 10 ) may be disposed on a first profile element 160 disposed adjacent to the microstructured surface 150. These macro-protrusions 155 are larger than any of the protrusions 151 of the plurality of protrusions 151. These macro-protrusions 155 have a width of approximately 1 mm and / or a height of approximately 1-3 mm.

[0298] The material of the profile elements 160, 160' may be rubber.

[0299] The profile elements 160 include thermoset elastomer, rubber, and / or silicone, and may have the same pitch, height, width, length, and aspect ratio as the first embodiment.

[0300] The or each protrusion 151 may have a Shore A hardness of 30-110 Shore A, preferably 35-60 Shore A, more preferably 40-55 Shore A.

[0301] As can be inferred from FIG. 10, at least one of the profile elements 160 extends at least partially through the medial toe portion, the medial metatarsal portion and / or the medial distal tarsal portion of the upper.

[0302] As an example, the embodiment shown in Figures 10-12 may have the dimensions listed for Sample F in the table above.

[0303] The profile elements 160, each having a microstructured surface 150, are positioned in strategically beneficial portions of the upper 101, i.e., in the toe portion, metatarsal portion, and / or distal tarsal portion of the upper 101 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1).

[0304] 11 shows the microstructured surface 150 of the profile element 160 in more detail. An optional base element 156 is also shown, with dimensions listed in the table above (see sample F). The height b_h of the base element may be approximately 0.5 mm (not shown in the table above).

[0305] As described elsewhere herein, such a profile element 160 (preferably made of rubber) provides improved grip. The microstructured surface 150 included in the profile element 160 advantageously enhances functionality by increasing the specific contact pressure, which may further improve grip, especially in wet conditions.

[0306] FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a microstructured surface 150 according to an embodiment of a further aspect of the present disclosure.

[0307] The microstructured surface 150 depicted here may be combined with further embodiments described herein in which the protrusions 151 (not all protrusions 151 are numbered in FIG. 13) are described as having an elongated shape when viewed along the contour of the upper.

[0308] By having an elongated shape, the protrusion 151 provides a first direction D1, which may be substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the protrusion 151. This first direction D1 may allow for increased friction. By having an elongated shape, the protrusion 151 provides a second direction D2, which may be substantially parallel to the long axis of the protrusion 151. Along this direction, lower friction may be provided. As described elsewhere herein, this has the advantage of allowing for direction-dependent bendability.

[0309] Illustratively, the length of each protrusion may be different from the length of each protrusion of the first and / or second embodiment.

[0310] For example, the length of each protrusion may be approximately at least 1.5 times the width, preferably at least 2 times the width, preferably at least 2.5 times the width, preferably at least 3 times the width, and / or at most 6 times the width, preferably at most 5.5 times the width, preferably at most 5 times the width, preferably at most 4.5 times the width, preferably at most 4 times the width.

[0311] Shoe upper manufacturing The embodiments may be provided by various manufacturing processes.

[0312] For example, a first embodiment of the first aspect (i.e., comprising a continuous microstructured surface as part of the layered structure of the upper as shown in FIGS. 1-3 ) may be obtained by an extrusion process, whereby material is transferred from an extruder to a cylindrical mold having a negative pattern (i.e., including protrusions) of the microstructured surface. A continuous sheet of microstructured surface 151 may then be produced, which may then be cut and bonded to additional layers of the layered structure, which may then ultimately be bonded to additional pieces of upper 101 of shoe 100.

[0313] Any of the embodiments described herein (see Figures 7-9 and / or Figures 10-12) that include profile element 160 may be manufactured by using the process described above.

[0314] Preferably, however, a manufacturing process may be used in which the initial element is molded under heat and pressure in a mold. The thus-formed profile element 160 remains in said mold, and adhesive is applied to the underside of the profile element 160. The mold containing the profile element 160 is then heat-pressed onto the layered structure of the upper 101, thereby bonding them together.

[0315] Such a process can also be applied to the first embodiment of the first aspect (FIGS. 1 to 3).

[0316] In an alternative manufacturing method, particularly when the material is TPU, the initial elements and / or outer layers (which may be pre-disposed in the layered structure of the upper) are heat-pressed in a mold, whereby they may be embossed and / or debossed to create the microstructured surface 150, while the profile elements 160 are pre-disposed in the upper. The remainder of the upper 101 may be embossed and / or debossed at the same time.

[0317] In an alternative manufacturing method, the formation of a microstructured surface on the outer layer and / or the initial element may be achieved by milling or stamping.

[0318] In alternative manufacturing methods, the profile elements and / or microstructured face sheets may be formed by radio frequency welding or vacuum forming.

[0319] In an alternative manufacturing method, the microstructured surface may be formed by printing protrusions onto the base element, for example by screen printing or additive manufacturing methods.

[0320] In an alternative manufacturing method, the base element is covered by a cover layer, for example a foil, which is provided with holes through which the projections extend.

[0321] These are various examples, and the specific manufacturing method is not limited to these examples.

[0322] In any one or more of the embodiments of the upper described herein, references to "first," "second," etc. are merely equivalent to designations of elements, portions, groups, etc. This designation should not be construed as limiting, but rather serves only to explain the present disclosure.

[0323] It is noted that, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, one or more of the embodiments and / or examples described herein may be combined with further aspects described herein, and details of the embodiments and / or examples may be omitted. The scope of protection is determined by the claims and is not limited by the embodiments and / or examples disclosed in the above figures. [Explanation of symbols]

[0324] 100 shoes 101 Upper 102 Sole 105 inner toe area 110 Medial metatarsal part 115 Medial distal tarsal part 120 lateral toe area 125 Lateral metatarsal part 130 Lateral distal tarsal part 140 ball contact area 150 Microstructured Surfaces 151 Protrusion 155 Macro Protrusion 156 Base Element 160 (First) Profile Element 160' Second Profile Element 165 Partial Profile Elements p_w width of protrusion p_l length of protrusion p_h Protrusion height b_h Height of the base element pt pitch α lateral angle D1 First direction D2 Second direction X x axis Y y-axis

Claims

1. a shoe upper having a ball contact area with a microstructured surface; a. the microstructured surface comprises a plurality of protrusions; b. the microstructured surface is configured such that each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions is resiliently bendable to assist in shooting and / or passing a ball; c) an upper, wherein each protrusion of said plurality of protrusions has the shape of a post.

2. The upper of claim 1 , wherein each of one or more of the plurality of lugs comprises an aspect ratio defined by the height of the lug compared to the width of the lug of at least 1.

1.

3. The upper of claim 1 , wherein each of one or more of the plurality of lugs comprises a width of at least 0.05 mm.

4. The upper of claim 1 , wherein each of one or more of the plurality of projections comprises a height of at least 0.2 mm.

5. the pitch between two adjacent protrusions of the plurality of protrusions is at least 1.1; and / or At most 4 The upper of claim 1 ,

6. The upper according to claim 1, wherein a pitch between two adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions is 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

7. 7. The upper of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the pitch is essentially uniform for each pair of adjacent lugs of the plurality of lugs.

8. the microstructured surface comprises a contact portion defined by entire upper surfaces of the plurality of projections, the upper surfaces facing away from the upper; The upper of claim 1 , wherein contact surface coverage is between 3 and 50%, said coverage being defined by the entire top surface of said projections of said plurality of projections compared to said microstructured surface.

9. 2. The upper of claim 1, wherein each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions has a length substantially perpendicular to a width and a height, the length and the width following a contour of the upper, and the length being 0.8 to 1.2 times the width.

10. 2. The upper of claim 1, wherein the microstructured surface is at least partially disposed on a medial toe portion, a medial metatarsal portion, a medial distal tarsal portion, a lateral toe portion, a lateral metatarsal portion, a lateral distal tarsal portion, a mid-toe portion, a mid-metatarsal portion, and / or a mid-distal tarsal portion of the upper.

11. each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions has an essentially circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal horizontal cross-section, the cross-section being taken through the protrusion perpendicular to a direction along the height of the protrusion; The upper of claim 1 , wherein the cross section is midway between the heights of the projections.

12. The upper of claim 1 , wherein each lug of the plurality of lugs has a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A.

13. the microstructured surface comprising a base element, the plurality of protrusions being disposed on the base element; The upper of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the plurality of lugs are connected by the base element.

14. The upper of claim 13 , wherein the base element and each lug of the plurality of lugs are integrally formed.

15. 15. The upper of claim 13 or 14, wherein the base element forms a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of the upper that extends through a forefoot and / or midfoot portion of the upper.

16. The upper of claim 13 or 14, wherein at least one profile element is disposed on an outer surface of the upper, the at least one profile element comprising the base element and the plurality of projections.

17. the at least one profile element comprises one or more partial profile elements; The upper of claim 16 , wherein the at least one profile element is arranged in a grid and / or island pattern.

18. the microstructured surface comprises a thermoset elastomer; and / or The upper of claim 1 , wherein the microstructured surface comprises a thermoplastic elastomer.

19. 2. The upper of claim 1, wherein the ball contact area is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball by allowing each lug of the plurality of lugs to resiliently flex such that each lug of the plurality of lugs is configured to flex substantially upon contact with the ball.

20. 20. The upper of claim 19, wherein each lug of the plurality of lugs is configured to be substantially rigid upon contact with the ball during a dribbling event.

21. 20. The upper of claim 19, wherein each lug of the plurality of lugs is resiliently bendable, and wherein each lug of the plurality of lugs is configured to bend upon contact with the ball such that a side of each lug or a top of each lug abuts an outer surface of the upper or an adjacent lug.

22. a shoe upper comprising a ball contact area having at least one profile element disposed on an outer surface of the upper; a. the at least one profile element comprises a microstructured surface comprising a plurality of protrusions; b. the profile element is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing the ball; c) an upper, wherein each protrusion of said plurality of protrusions has the shape of a post.

23. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the profile element comprises a thermoset elastomer.

24. each protrusion of one or more of said plurality of protrusions is at least 1.1; and / or At most 10 23. The upper of claim 22, comprising an aspect ratio defined by the height of said lugs compared to the width of said lugs.

25. each protrusion of one or more of said plurality of protrusions is at least 0.05 mm; and / or Maximum 1.0 mm 23. The upper of claim 22, having a width of

26. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the pitch between two adjacent projections of the plurality of projections is 1.2 to 3 times the width.

27. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein each lug of the plurality of lugs has a height of 0.2 to 1.2 mm.

28. the microstructured surface comprises a contact portion defined by entire upper surfaces of the plurality of projections, the upper surfaces facing away from the upper; 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein contact surface coverage is between 20% and 70%, said coverage being defined by the entire top surface of said projections of said plurality of projections compared to said microstructured surface.

29. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein each lug has a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A.

30. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the microstructured surface comprises a base element, the plurality of protrusions and the base element being formed by molding the profile element, the plurality of protrusions being integrally formed with the base element.

31. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the at least one profile element comprises at least one macro-projection that is larger than any of the projections of the plurality of projections.

32. 23. The upper of claim 1 or 22, wherein the macroprotrusions have a width of 0.8 mm to 5 mm and / or a height of 1.3 mm to 5 mm.

33. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the at least one profile element extends at least partially through a medial toe portion, a medial metatarsal portion, and / or a medial distal tarsal portion of the upper.

34. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the at least one profile element has an essentially diamond-shaped, circular, and / or lattice-shaped shape.

35. 23. The upper of claim 22, wherein the profile element is a first profile element and the upper comprises a second profile element, the second profile element being spaced apart from the first profile element.

36. an upper according to claim 1 or 22; a sole attached to the upper; Shoes that are equipped with

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