charging and discharging device

Abstract

A charging / discharging device is provided that improves the efficiency of using the power generated by a generator that generates electricity through the rotation of the wheels in a hybrid vehicle, and reduces the burden on the tires by making the charger / discharger smaller and lighter. [Solution] A charging / discharging device for an electric vehicle includes a first charger / discharger with a small capacity and a second charger / discharger with a large capacity, which alternately discharge and charge, and a control device that switches the first charger / discharger to a charging state and the second charger / discharger to a discharging state when the amount of power stored in the first charger / discharger falls below a first predetermined amount while the first charger / discharger is discharging, and that switches the charging / discharging states of the first and second chargers / dischargers between them when the first charger / discharger is fully charged or the amount of power stored in the second charger / discharger falls below a second predetermined amount. This makes effective use of available power, enables the capacity of the first and second chargers / dischargers to be reduced, and reduces tire wear and dust.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a charging / discharging device used in an electric vehicle. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, for example, in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, attention is focused on the performance development or miniaturization of batteries such as ion batteries and solid-state batteries that are installed in them, but little attention is being paid to their efficient use. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] For example, in hybrid vehicles, the electricity generated by a generator that generates power from the rotation of the wheels is charged into, for example, an ion battery and used as auxiliary power for the engine. However, while the battery is being used as auxiliary power, the electricity that can be charged by the rotational force of the wheels is not being used, resulting in inefficiency. In addition, current electric vehicles rely solely on the power stored in storage batteries, which means the battery capacity is very large, resulting in short driving distances and large weight and volume, making them inefficient.Furthermore, as the weight of the storage batteries increases, tire wear increases threefold, creating an urgent need to address the issue of dust. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The present invention comprises a first charger / discharger with a small capacity and a second charger / discharger with a large capacity which alternately discharge and charge, respectively, and a control device which, when the amount of power stored in the first charger / discharger falls below a first predetermined amount while the first charger / discharger is discharging, switches the first charger / discharger to a charging state and the second charger / discharger to a discharging state, and which switches the charging and discharging states of the first and second chargers / dischargers when the first charger / discharger is fully charged or the amount of power stored in the second charger / discharger falls below a second predetermined amount, thereby making effective use of the chargeable power, reducing the capacity and efficiency of the first and second chargers / dischargers, and reducing tire wear and providing measures to prevent dust.

[0005] Figure 1 is One embodiment of the present invention FIG. In Fig. 1, a first charger / discharger 1 has a positive terminal 2 and a negative terminal 3, discharges electricity to a motor 4 that drives the wheels, and charges electricity from a generator 5 that generates electricity through the rotation of the wheels. A second charger / discharger 6 has a positive terminal 7 and a negative terminal 8, discharges electricity to a motor 4 that drives the wheels, and charges electricity from a generator 5 that is driven by the rotation of the wheels. The capacity of the first charger / discharger 1 and the capacity of the second charger / discharger 6 are set to a ratio of, for example, 4:6, so that the capacity of the first charger / discharger 1 is smaller and the capacity of the second charger / discharger 6 is larger.

[0006] The first stored energy detection device 9 detects the amount of stored energy in the first charger / discharger 1 and includes a terminal 10 that generates an output when the electric vehicle starts and when the stored energy is full, a terminal 11 that generates an output that forcibly switches the charge / discharge state of the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 when the stored energy in the first charger / discharger 1 falls below a first predetermined amount, and a terminal 12 that generates an output when the stored energy in the first charger / discharger 1 approaches a minimum level. The second stored energy detection device 13 detects the amount of stored energy in the second charger / discharger 6 and includes a terminal 14 that generates an output when the stored energy is full, a terminal 15 that generates an output that forcibly switches the charge / discharge state of the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 when the second charger / discharger 6 is in a discharging state and the stored energy falls below a second predetermined amount, and a terminal 16 that generates an output when the stored energy in the second charger / discharger 6 approaches a minimum level.

[0007] The control device 17 controls the switches 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 based on the outputs of the first and second possessed energy detection devices 9 and 13. ,26 The indicator light switches between the charge and discharge states of the first and second chargers 1 and 6. 27 is lit by the output of terminals 12 and 16.

[0008] Perovstokite solar cells 28are attached to the exterior surfaces of the automobile, such as the exterior surface of the automobile ceiling and hood, and generate electricity using sunlight, and the generated electricity is supplied by a control device 17 to both the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 when the automobile is parked, and is supplied to the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 in a discharging state when the automobile is started and running. Make contacts R7 and R8 are contacts explained in Fig. 2, and their opening and closing are controlled by the control device 17.

[0009] The charging circuit of the first charger / discharger 1 and the second charger / discharger 6 is formed as follows. The charging circuit of the first charger / discharger 1 is composed of the generator 5 → switch 18 → positive terminal 2 → negative terminal 3 → switch 21 → generator 5, and the charging circuit of the second charger / discharger 6 is composed of the generator 5 → switch 22 → positive terminal 7 → negative terminal 8 → switch 25 →It consists of 5 generators.

[0010] The discharge circuit of the first charger / discharger 1 and the second charger / discharger 6 is formed as follows. The discharge circuit of the first charger / discharger 1 is composed of the positive terminal 2 → switch 19 → motor 4 → switch 20 → negative terminal 3, and the discharge circuit of the second charger / discharger 6 is composed of the positive terminal 7 → switch 23 → motor 4 → switch 26 →It is composed of negative terminal 8.

[0011] This operation will be explained next. When the vehicle is started, the first and second chargers 1 and 6 are fully charged with electricity from a household power source or the like, and by pressing the start button, for example, terminal 10 of first charger / discharger 9 generates an output, and this output causes control device 17 to control a switch to form a discharge circuit for first charger / discharger 1, putting first charger / discharger 1 into a discharging state and driving motor 5. Control device 17 also controls a switch to form a charging circuit for second charger / discharger 6, using the power generated by generator 5 to charge second charger / discharger 6. At this time, the first charger / discharger 1 is full of electric power, and therefore the terminal 10 generates an output, but the output is controlled by the control device 17 so as not to be involved in the control.

[0012] In this state, the first charger / discharger When the amount of electric power held by the first power supply 1 falls below the first predetermined amount and the terminal 11 of the first power supply amount detection device 9 generates an output, the control device 17 receives the first charger / discharger The first charging circuit is formed by controlling the switch. charger / discharger 1 is put into a charging state, and the control device 17 charger / discharger 6 discharge circuit, and forcibly control the switch to form the second charger / discharger Switch 6 to the discharge state.

[0013] First charger / discharger When the first battery 1 is in a charging state and its stored energy amount is full, the terminal 10 of the first stored energy amount detection device 9 generates an output, and this output causes the control device 17 to charger / discharger The first discharge circuit is formed by controlling the switch. charger / discharger 1 is put into a discharge state and the motor 4 is driven. charger / discharger 6 charging circuit by controlling the switch charger / discharger Put the 6 into charging mode.

[0014] Also, the first charger / discharger 1 is in a charging state, and before its stored energy amount becomes full, the second charger / discharger When the amount of stored energy falls below a second predetermined value due to the discharge of the second stored energy detector 13, an output is generated at the terminal 15 of the second stored energy detector 13, and the first charger / discharger 1 to the discharge state, the second charger / discharger Switch 6 to charging mode.

[0015] The second predetermined value at which the terminal 15 of the second stored energy detection device 13 generates an output is: This is to prevent the electric vehicle from stopping when its stored power reaches zero while it is running. For example, when an electric vehicle is climbing a slope, this is the value just before it is estimated that the electric vehicle can climb a certain slope. Furthermore, as will be explained below, effective utilization of the capacities of the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 is made possible only by providing a difference in capacity between the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6, and by switching the first charger / discharger 1 to a charging state and the second charger / discharger 6 to a discharging state when the amount of power held by the first charger / discharger 1 falls below a first predetermined amount.

[0016] Furthermore, the second charger / dischargerWhen the vehicle is stopped just before the amount of electric power stored in the second stored electric power amount detection device 13 reaches the second predetermined value while the vehicle is in the discharging state, if the start button is pressed again to cause the terminal 10 of the first stored electric power amount detection device 9 to generate an output, the amount of electric power stored in the second stored electric power amount detection device 13 has not yet reached the second predetermined value. charger / discharger 6 remains in a discharged state. In addition, the first and second batteries are charged while the car is stopped. charger / discharger If the power reserves of 1 and 6 are full, the system will operate in the same way as when it was first started.

[0017] Furthermore, when the amount of stored electric power in either the first or second charger / discharger 1 or 6 drops to a minimum level due to parking the electric vehicle for a long period of time, an output is generated at the terminal 12 or 16 of either the first or second stored electric power detection device 9 or 13, and an indicator lamp 27 lights up, the first and second charger / discharger Indicates that the amount of electricity held by units 1 and 6 is low.

[0018] The capacity of the first charger / discharger 1 is reduced and the capacity of the first charger / discharger 6 is increased because the amount of power stored in the first charger / discharger 1 that decreases from a full state to a first predetermined value is significantly greater than the amount of power stored in the second charger / discharger 6 that decreases from a full state to a second predetermined value. Therefore, in order to effectively utilize the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6, the capacity of the first charger / discharger 1 is reduced and the capacity of the first charger / discharger 6 is increased. By increasing the capacity, the charger / discharger can be used more effectively. The ratio should be 4:6. That is, if the capacities of the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 are the same and both the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 are fully charged, for example, if the first charger / discharger 1 is in a discharging state and the second charger / discharger 6 is in a charging state, the second charger / discharger 6 will not switch to a discharging state and the first charger / discharger 1 will not switch to a charging state until the first charger / discharger 1 has finished discharging, and the power from the generator 5 will be wasted during that time. In contrast to this, by reducing the capacity of the first charger / discharger 1 and shortening the time it takes for the amount of stored power to decrease to the first predetermined value, the time during which power from the generator 5 is wasted can be reduced, and by increasing the capacity of the second charger / discharger 6, the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 can be used more effectively.

[0019] 2 is a wiring diagram showing one embodiment of the control device 17. In the diagram, when the first and second chargers / dischargers 1, 6 are fully charged, closing the start switch S1 generates an output at terminal 10 through the circuit of first charger / discharger 1 → stop switch S2 → start switch S1 → relay R1 → break contact R2, forming a discharge circuit for the first charger / discharger 1. Furthermore, closing the make contact R1 causes the relay R1 to self-hold and maintain the discharge circuit.

[0020] When the stored power of the first charger / discharger 1 decreases to a first predetermined amount, the value of the current flowing from the first charger / discharger 1 → stop switch S2 → first stored power detection device 9 decreases by a predetermined amount, the voltage between terminals P1 and P2 drops, the transistor Tr1 becomes conductive, an output is generated at terminal 11 in a closed circuit of make contact R1 → relay R2 → break contact R3, the make contact R2 is closed, the relay 2 is self-held, and the relay R3 is driven as follows.

[0021] The relay R3 is driven by a closed circuit of the second charger / discharger 6 → stop switch S2 → break contact R4 → make contact R2 → relay R3, and is self-maintained by the closure of the make contact R3, and generates an output at terminal 14, controlling the switch to form a discharge circuit for the second charger / discharger 6 and a charge circuit for the first charger / discharger 1. At this time, the break contact R3 opens, so the relay R2 is turned off and no output is output to terminal 11.

[0022] When the discharge from the second charger / discharger 6 continues and the amount of stored power reaches the second level, the second stored power amount detection device 14 The voltage between terminals P5 and P6 drops, causing transistor Tr4 to conduct, and an output is generated at terminal 15 due to the closed circuit from break contact R1 to relay R4. The opening of break contact R4 turns off relay R3, and the closing of make contact R4 turns on relay R1, thereby forming the discharge circuit of the first charger / discharger 1 as described above.

[0023] When the amount of power stored in the first charger / discharger 1 approaches 0 due to parking for a long period of time, the amount of power does not drive the relays R1 and R2, and only the transistor Tr5 conducts, generating an output at the terminal 12 and turning on the indicator light. 27 will light up to indicate that the available power is low. Similarly, when the amount of power held by the second charger / discharger 6 approaches 0, the relays R3 and R4 are not driven with that amount of power, and only the transistor Tr6 is turned on, an output is generated at the terminal 16, and the indicator light 27 will light up to indicate that the available power is low.

[0024] When the vehicle is stopped, the stop switch S2 is closed and the perovskite solar cell 28 The relay 6 is driven by a closed circuit of →Stop switch S2 →Relay 6 →Break contact R1, and the relay 6 is self-maintained by closing the make contact 6 connected in parallel to the stop switch S2. The break contact R1 is closed because the stop switch S2 connected to the first charger / discharger 1 is open and the relay R1 is turned off.

[0025] Therefore, when the vehicle is stopped, the perovskite solar cells 28 → Make-up contact The first charger / discharger 1 is charged by a closed circuit of R6 → first charger / discharger 1. Also, the perovskite solar cell 28 → makeup Contact R6 → Second charger / discharger 6 is charged by the closed circuit. , th The first and second chargers 1 and 6 are both charged.

[0026] Next, when the start switch S1 is closed while driving the car, the relay R1 is driven as described above, and discharge from the first charger / discharger 1 is started. Also, by closing the make contact R1, the perovskite solar cell 28 The relay R7 is driven by a closed circuit of →relay R7 →make contact R1 →break contact R2 → and the relay R7 is self-maintained by the make contact R7 connected in parallel to the make contact R1. By closing this make contact R7, the perovskite solar cell 28 →Make contact R7→A closed circuit of the first charger / discharger 1 is formed, and the first charger / discharger 1 in a discharging state is charged.

[0027] As the discharge from the first charger / discharger 1 continues and its stored power falls to a first predetermined value, the break contact R2 opens and the relay R7 turns off. When the relay R7 turns off, its make contact R7 opens, and charging from the perovskite solar cell 28 to the first charger / discharger 1 stops.

[0028] When the relay R2 is driven, the relay R3 is driven as described above, and discharge from the second charger / discharger 6 is started. At this time, the make contact R3 is closed, and the perovskite solar cell 28 →Relay R8 →Make contact R3 →Break contact R4 is closed, and relay R8 is driven. Contact R3 The make contact R8 connected in parallel with the Closing this make contact R8 causes the perovskite solar cell 28 →Make contact R8→A closed circuit of the second charger / discharger 6 is formed, and the second charger / discharger 6 is charged.

[0029] When the discharge from the second charger / discharger 6 continues and the stored power falls to a second predetermined value, the break contact R4 opens and the relay R8 turns off. When the relay R8 turns off, the make contact R8 opens, and the perovskite solar cell 28 Charging from the second charger / discharger 6 is stopped. Thereafter, as described above, discharging from the first charger / discharger 1 begins, and this operation is repeated. [Effects of the Invention]

[0030] The present invention is provided with first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 which alternately switch charge / discharge states depending on the amount of power stored, and the capacity of the first charger / discharger 1 is set small and the capacity of the second charger / discharger 6 is set large. When the amount of power held by the first charger / discharger falls below a first predetermined amount, the first charger / discharger is switched to a charging state and the second charger / discharger is switched to a discharging state. This allows the power from the generator 5 to be used effectively without waste, and enables the total capacity of the chargers / dischargers to be used effectively. Furthermore, when the amount of power held by the second charger / discharger 6 falls below a second predetermined amount, the charge / discharge states of the first and second chargers / dischargers 1 and 6 are switched, thereby preventing the electric vehicle from stopping. Furthermore, the miniaturization of electric vehicles, It is expected that this will reduce weight, reduce tire wear, and provide significant benefits in terms of dust control. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1] A wiring diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] A wiring diagram showing a specific example of the control device 17 of FIG. [Explanation of symbols] 1: First charger / discharger 4: Motor 5: Generator 6: Second charger / discharger 9: First power reserve detection device 14: Second power reserve detection device 17 :Control device 28 : Perovskite solar cells

Claims

1. a first charger / discharger having a small capacity and a second charger / discharger having a large capacity, which alternately discharge and charge, respectively; a control device which switches the first charger / discharger to a charging state and the second charger / discharger to a discharging state when the amount of electric power held in the first charger / discharger falls below a first predetermined amount during discharging of the first charger / discharger, and which switches the charging / discharging states of the first and second charger / dischargers respectively when the first charger / discharger is fully charged or the amount of electric power held in the second charger / discharger falls below a second predetermined amount.

2. a first charger / discharger having a small capacity and a second charger / discharger having a large capacity, which alternately discharge and charge, respectively; a control device which switches the first charger / discharger to a charging state and the second charger / discharger to a discharging state when the amount of power held by the first charger / discharger falls below a first predetermined amount during discharging of the first charger / discharger, and switches the charge / discharge states of the first and second charger / dischargers between each other when the first charger / discharger is fully charged or the amount of power held by the second charger / discharger falls below a second predetermined amount; a perovskite solar cell attached to an outer surface of an automobile, the perovskite solar cell supplying generated power to both the first and second chargers / dischargers when the engine is stopped, and supplying generated power to one of the first and second chargers / dischargers in a discharged state when the engine is started, by the control device.

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