Information processing systems, information processing methods, programs

Abstract

Provide an appropriate mechanism to prevent fraudulent payments in advance. [Solution] An information processing system is disclosed which includes a location information acquisition unit that acquires location information associated with a user, which is transmitted according to predetermined rules that can be changed by the user, and a legitimacy verification unit that, when performing payment authentication associated with a user, verifies the legitimacy of the person performing the payment based on the location information of the store related to the payment and the location information acquired by the location information acquisition unit.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an information processing system, an information processing method, and a program. [Background technology]

[0002] A technology is known that outputs a map representing facilities where IC (Integrated Circuit) cards are used, based on the usage history information of IC cards. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-266172 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Incidentally, with regard to electronic payments using credit cards, etc., various mechanisms have been proposed for detecting fraudulent payments after the fact, such as the above-mentioned conventional technology, but no appropriate mechanism has been proposed for preventing fraudulent payments in advance.

[0005] Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention aims to provide an appropriate mechanism for preventing fraudulent payments in advance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In one aspect, a location information acquisition unit acquires location information associated with a user, the location information being transmitted according to a predetermined rule that can be changed by the user; An information processing system is provided that, when performing payment authentication associated with the user, is equipped with a legitimacy confirmation unit that confirms the legitimacy of the person performing the payment related to the payment authentication based on location information of the store related to the payment and the location information acquired by the location information acquisition unit. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] In one respect, the present invention makes it possible to provide an appropriate mechanism for preventing fraudulent payments in advance. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a pre-payment check system according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This figure shows an example of the hardware configuration of a payment information processing server. [Figure 3] This is a functional block diagram of a mobile terminal and a payment information processing server. [Figure 4] This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an example of the process performed by the pre-payment check system. [Figure 5] This is an explanatory diagram for payment at a physical store. [Figure 6] This is an explanatory diagram for payment at a virtual store (online store). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Each embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a pre-payment check system 1 according to one embodiment.

[0011] The pre-payment check system 1 includes a user terminal, a mobile terminal 21, and a payment information processing server 100. The mobile terminal 21 and the payment information processing server 100 are connected via a network 4. The mobile terminal 21 and the payment information processing server 100 can communicate with each other via the network 4. Hereafter, unless otherwise specified, "user" refers to a single user associated with one or more mobile terminals 21.

[0012] Network 4 may include the Internet, a WAN (Wide Area Network), a wireless communication network, a wired network, or any combination thereof. The store server 31 and the payment management server 91 are connected to Network 4. The store server 31 may be a server managed by the operator of a physical store (merchant) or by the operator of various websites (virtual stores) on the Internet. The payment management server 91 is, for example, a server operated by a credit card company or a financial institution. The payment management server 91 may be provided for each company or institution. Some or all of the functions of the payment management server 91 may be implemented by the payment information processing server 100.

[0013] The mobile device 21 may be, for example, a smartphone or a mobile phone, but it may also be a wearable device (for example, a smartwatch, a ring, etc.), a remote control, etc.

[0014] The mobile terminal 21 has the application according to this embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the "fraudulent payment prevention app") installed. The various functions of the mobile terminal 21 described below are realized when the fraudulent payment prevention app is executed. The fraudulent payment prevention app may require registration of user information (user ID), etc., as a condition for use. Hereinafter, the mobile terminal 21 associated with a user means the mobile terminal 21 on which the fraudulent payment prevention app is running, logged in with the user ID associated with that user.

[0015] The mobile terminal 21 incorporates a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver 23. The GPS receiver 23 calculates the position of the mobile terminal 21 based on radio waves from satellites and generates location information (terminal location information). Note that the source of terminal location information is not limited to GPS information. Methods for obtaining terminal location information using cellular base stations or Wi-Fi may also be used.

[0016] The mobile terminal 21 includes a display unit 24. The display unit 24 may be a liquid crystal display, an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) display, or the like.

[0017] The mobile terminal 21 further includes a rule storage unit 25, a location information transmission unit 26, an input unit 27, and a rule transmission unit .

[0018] The rule storage unit 25 stores rules (hereinafter also referred to as "location information transmission rules") relating to the transmission of terminal location information to the payment information processing server 100. The location information transmission rules may relate to whether or not terminal location information can be transmitted, the transmission cycle if transmitted, the transmission conditions, and the time period if transmitted. The location information transmission rules can be changed by the user. For example, the location information transmission rules can be changed based on user input via the input unit 27, which will be described later.

[0019] Here, the transmission conditions related to the location information transmission rules may be adapted so that location information at multiple points in time is transmitted. In this case, the location information at multiple points in time may simply include the location of the user's home and the location of the store at the time of payment, or it may include consecutive location information at multiple points in time that are temporally close to the payment time by a predetermined standard or more, or it may include consecutive location information from a time that is temporally close to the time the user left home by a predetermined standard or more, or it may include any combination of these. By using location information transmission rules that transmit location information at multiple points in time, the reliability of the payment legitimacy judgment by the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 (described later) based on whether or not the transmission of location information in accordance with the location information transmission rules described later is performed can be increased. Further details of the location information transmission rules will be described later.

[0020] The location information transmission unit 26 transmits terminal location information to the payment information processing server 100 in accordance with the location information transmission rules stored in the rule storage unit 25. If the location information transmission rules prohibit the transmission of terminal location information, the location information transmission unit 26 will not transmit terminal location information to the payment information processing server 100.

[0021] In this embodiment, the location information transmission unit 26 also transmits information that identifies the mobile terminal 21 (hereinafter also referred to as "terminal information") to the payment information processing server 100 along with the terminal location information.

[0022] The input unit 27 receives user input. The input unit 27 may take the form of a touch panel, keyboard, or the like. The input unit 27 may also include a voice input engine or the like.

[0023] The rule transmission unit 28 transmits the location information transmission rule to the payment information processing server 100. The rule transmission unit 28 may periodically or when predetermined conditions are met (for example, when there is a change in the location information transmission rule) transmit the latest location information transmission rule stored in the rule storage unit 25 to the payment information processing server 100.

[0024] The payment information processing server 100 is in the form of a server, and is formed, for example, by a server computer. The payment information processing server 100 may be implemented by multiple server computers. For example, the payment information processing server 100 may be implemented by multiple server computers located in different locations working together.

[0025] Figure 2 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the payment information processing server 100. The hardware configuration of the mobile terminal 21 may be the same as that of the payment information processing server 100, except that it includes the GPS receiver 23 and display unit 24 described above.

[0026] In the example shown in Figure 2, the payment information processing server 100 includes a control unit 101, a main memory unit 102, an auxiliary memory unit 103, a drive device 104, a network I / F unit 106, and an input unit 107.

[0027] The control unit 101 is an arithmetic unit that executes programs stored in the main memory unit 102 and the auxiliary memory unit 103. It receives data from the input unit 107 and the storage device, performs calculations and processing on it, and then outputs it to the storage device or other devices.

[0028] The main memory unit 102 consists of ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory), among other things. The main memory unit 102 is a storage device that stores or temporarily stores programs and data such as the OS (Operating System), which is the basic software executed by the control unit 101, and application software.

[0029] The auxiliary storage unit 103 is a storage device such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or SSD (Solid State Drive) that stores data related to application software, etc.

[0030] The drive device 104 reads the program from a recording medium 105, such as a flexible disk, and installs it in a storage device.

[0031] The recording medium 105 stores a predetermined program. The program stored on this recording medium 105 is installed on the payment information processing server 100 via the drive device 104. The installed predetermined program becomes executable by the payment information processing server 100.

[0032] The network interface unit 106 is an interface between the payment information processing server 100 and peripheral devices and mobile terminals 21, etc., that have communication functions and are connected via the network 4.

[0033] The input unit 107 includes a keyboard equipped with cursor keys, numeric input keys and various function keys, a mouse, a touch pad, and the like.

[0034] 2, the various processes described below can be realized by having payment information processing server 100 execute a program. Alternatively, the program can be recorded on recording medium 105, and payment information processing server 100 can read the program from recording medium 105 to realize the various processes described below. Various types of recording media can be used for recording medium 105. For example, recording medium 105 may be a recording medium that records information optically, electrically, or magnetically, such as a CD (Compact Disc)-ROM, a flexible disk, or a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory that records information electrically, such as a ROM or flash memory.

[0035] 3 is a functional block diagram of payment information processing server 100. As described above, the following describes processing related to one user unless otherwise specified, but processing related to other users is similar.

[0036] Some or all of the functions of payment information processing server 100 described below may be realized by mobile terminal 21, or some of the functions of mobile terminal 21 may be realized by payment information processing server 100.

[0037] As shown in Fig. 3, the payment information processing server 100 includes a location information acquisition unit 150, a payment information acquisition unit 152, a pre-payment behavior derivation unit 154, a payment legitimacy confirmation unit 156, a payment processing unit 158, a user information database 160, and a registered terminal information database 162. The location information acquisition unit 150, the payment information acquisition unit 152, the payment legitimacy confirmation unit 156, and the payment processing unit 158 ​​can be realized by the control unit 101 shown in Fig. 2 executing one or more programs stored in a storage device such as the main memory unit 102. The user information database 160 and the registered terminal information database 162 can be realized by the auxiliary memory unit 103 shown in Fig. 2.

[0038] The location information acquisition unit 150 acquires terminal location information transmitted from the mobile terminal 21. As described above, the terminal location information is transmitted from the mobile terminal 21 according to the location information transmission rules. The location information acquisition unit 150 stores the acquired terminal location information in the user information database 160. The location information acquisition unit 150 may store the terminal location information together with the time information at the time of acquisition. Furthermore, the location information acquisition unit 150 stores the terminal location information so that terminal location information at multiple points in time is stored in the user information database 160. Terminal location information at multiple points in time represents information that shows the user's activity history.

[0039] The payment information acquisition unit 152 acquires payment information associated with the user. The payment information acquisition unit 152 acquires payment information in real time from, for example, the payment management server 91 (see Figure 1). For each payment, the payment information may include information such as the payment amount, as well as payment store information (information indicating the merchant making the payment or payment site information). The payment site information may be internet address information such as a domain, URL, or IP address.

[0040] The pre-payment action deriving unit 154 derives the pre-payment actions of the corresponding user (hereinafter also referred to as "pre-payment actions") when it has acquired payment information from the payment information acquisition unit 152 (i.e., when performing payment authentication associated with a user). The pre-payment action deriving unit 154 derives the pre-payment actions based on the history of terminal location information (terminal location information at multiple points in time) related to the corresponding user. In this case, the pre-payment action deriving unit 154 may derive the pre-payment actions in relation to the payment store. The payment store is the store where the corresponding user is attempting to make the payment and corresponds to the store that requests payment authentication. The location of the payment store may be identified based on the payment store information included in the payment information acquired by the payment information acquisition unit 152.

[0041] The payment legitimacy verification unit 156 verifies the legitimacy of the corresponding payment (i.e., the legitimacy of the person making the payment) when payment information is acquired by the payment information acquisition unit 152. In this embodiment, the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 verifies the legitimacy of the payment based on the relationship between the store location information and the terminal location information related to the current payment. For example, the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may determine that the current payment is legitimacy if the store location information and the terminal location information related to the current payment are close together within a predetermined distance. In this case, the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may also verify the legitimacy of the payment based on the pre-payment action derived by the pre-payment action derivation unit 154. For example, if the pre-payment action indicates that the corresponding mobile terminal 21 (and the corresponding user) is moving to the payment store, the payment may be determined to be legitimacy. In this case, the speed of movement (the speed of change of location information) may also be taken into consideration.

[0042] Furthermore, the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may also verify the legitimacy of the corresponding payment (i.e., the legitimacy of the person making the payment) when payment information related to online payment is obtained by the payment information acquisition unit 152. In this case, the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may verify the legitimacy of the payment based on the relationship between the registered location range for online payment and the terminal location information. For example, the legitimacy of the payment may be verified if the terminal location information is located within the registered location range, such as the user's home or workplace. In addition, if the pre-payment actions indicate movement to the registered location range of the corresponding mobile terminal 21 (and the corresponding user), or indicate a stay within the registered location range for a predetermined time or longer, the payment may be determined to be legitimate. In this case, the speed of movement (the rate of change of location information) may also be taken into consideration.

[0043] The payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may further verify legitimacy based on the consistency between terminal information and registered terminal information registered in association with the user. Registered terminal information may be transmitted from the corresponding mobile terminal 21 during the initial user registration (for example, during the initial registration of the fraud prevention app) and stored in the registered terminal information database 162. As a result, even if terminal location information is transmitted from a mobile terminal other than the one previously registered 21 in accordance with the location information transmission rules, if the terminal information and the registered terminal information registered in association with the user do not match, the legitimacy of the payment will not be verified. Consequently, even if a fraudster impersonates a user and transmits appropriate terminal location information, the payment by such fraudster can be prevented.

[0044] In the modified version, instead of or in addition to the registered terminal information, identification information that can be transmitted together with terminal location information, such as a user account registered via the fraud prevention app, may be used in the legitimacy verification process by the payment legitimacy verification unit 156.

[0045] The payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may further have a notification function according to the legitimacy verification result. If the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 cannot verify the legitimacy of the payment, for example, if the terminal information and the registered terminal information registered in association with the user do not match, it may notify the corresponding user's mobile terminal 21 of this fact. In this case, the fraud prevention application on the mobile terminal 21 may issue a push notification or the like to ask the user whether to approve or reject the payment. In this case, for example, if the user clears terminal authentication using biometric information, the payment may be approved.

[0046] Furthermore, the payment legitimacy verification unit 156 may, even before the payment information is acquired by the payment information acquisition unit 152, check in advance whether terminal location information has been transmitted from the mobile terminal 21 in accordance with the location information transmission rules. In this case, the reliability of legitimacy verification can be increased by devising the location information transmission rules. For example, the consistency of location information (and the resulting legitimacy) may be checked by combining not only the location information immediately before payment, but also location information data transmitted continuously for a predetermined distance from a starting point such as home. As some examples, there may be various variations such as transmitting location information continuously from the moment a predetermined distance is reached from the planned payment location, transmitting location information for a predetermined distance from home, or transmitting location information for a predetermined distance from home and combining it with second location information immediately before payment. These may be edited or customized by the user or automatically. In this way, by making it possible to set location information transmission rules that allow location information to be transmitted not only near the payment location, but also from the starting point to the destination according to any rules, the reliability of legitimacy verification can be increased. Furthermore, such location information transmission rules may be used by the pre-payment action derivation unit 154 to derive pre-payment actions. For example, the pre-payment behavior of traveling from home to the payment store may be derived by combining location information transmitted continuously for a predetermined distance from a starting point such as home, in addition to location information immediately before payment.

[0047] If the mode of transmission of the terminal location information by the location information acquisition unit 150 does not conform to the location information transmission rules, the payment validity confirmation unit 156 may notify the corresponding user's mobile device 21 of this fact. In this case, the fraudulent payment prevention app on the mobile device 21 may appropriately send a push notification or the like to allow the user to approve or reject the payment. In this case, for example, if a user who is planning to make a payment soon clears device authentication using biometric information or the like, the payment within a predetermined time from the current time may be approved. Such a pre-approval function is useful in situations where the terminal location information cannot be transmitted in accordance with the location information transmission rules. Such situations may include, for example, a situation where the user needs to turn on airplane mode upon boarding an airplane, or a situation where the mobile device 21 is in power-saving mode due to insufficient battery charge.

[0048] When the payment validity confirmation unit 156 confirms the validity of the person making the payment related to the payment authentication, the payment processing unit 158 ​​transmits information indicating that the result of the payment authentication is successful to the store server 31 related to the payment store. At this time, the payment processing unit 158 ​​may also transmit information indicating that the result of the payment authentication is successful to the mobile terminal 21 of the corresponding user. On the other hand, when the validity is not confirmed, the payment processing unit 158 ​​transmits an inquiry as to whether or not to approve the payment to the terminal registered in association with the user being inquired. Note that the user being inquired is the user related to the payment information.

[0049] The user information database 160 stores various information about users (such as identification information), the terminal position information and the position information transmission rule described above, in association with each user.

[0050] In the registered terminal information database 162, terminal information capable of identifying the mobile terminal 21 that transmits the terminal location information is registered for each user. The registered terminal information may take any form, such as an IP address. In order to accommodate cases where the same user uses multiple mobile terminals 21, multiple pieces of terminal information may be registered. In addition, the registered terminal information database 162 may register the above-mentioned registered location range for online payment for each user. In this case, multiple registered location ranges may also be registered. The registered terminal information database 162 may be formed integrally with the user information database 160. In addition, the registered location range may be automatically generated by artificial intelligence or the like based on the corresponding user's past pre-payment behavior, payment information, etc.

[0051] Next, the pre-payment check system 1 will be further explained with reference to Figure 4 and subsequent figures.

[0052] Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart showing an example of processing executed by the payment pre-check system 1. It should be noted that, in addition to the processing shown in Figure 4, processing is also executed in which, when terminal location information transmitted from each mobile terminal 21 according to the respective location information transmission rules is received, the received terminal location information is stored in the user information database 160.

[0053] In step S400, payment information processing server 100 determines whether or not payment information has been received from store server 31. If the determination result is "YES", the process proceeds to step S402; otherwise, the process continues waiting for payment information to be received.

[0054] In step S402, payment information processing server 100 reads from user information database 160 and registered terminal information database 162 various pieces of user information (terminal location information, registered terminal information, etc.) related to the currently received payment information.

[0055] In step S404, the payment information processing server 100 derives the pre-payment actions of the corresponding user (i.e., the user related to the payment information received this time). The pre-payment actions are as described above and can be derived from the history of terminal location information at multiple points in time. The pre-payment actions may include the means of transportation that can be derived from the speed of movement (e.g., walking, train, car, etc.).

[0056] In step S406, payment information processing server 100 determines whether the current payment is an online payment. If the determination result is "YES", the process proceeds to step S408; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S410.

[0057] In step S408, the payment information processing server 100 verifies the legitimacy of the current payment based on the consistency between the online registration location range and the most recent terminal location information and / or pre-payment actions. In this case, for example, as described above, if the most recent terminal location information is the home of the corresponding user, the payment information processing server 100 may determine that the current payment is legitimate. If the payment is determined to be legitimate, the process proceeds to step S416; otherwise, it proceeds to step S412. In addition, the payment information processing server 100 may proceed to step S416 only if the terminal information matches the registered terminal information of the corresponding user; otherwise, it may proceed to step S412 or step S418.

[0058] In step S410, the payment information processing server 100 verifies the consistency of the location information, i.e., the legitimacy of the payment, based on the store location information of the payment store and the terminal location information. For example, as described above, if the store location information and terminal location information related to the current payment are close together within a predetermined distance, the payment may be determined to be legitimate. If the payment is determined to be legitimate, the process proceeds to step S416; otherwise, it proceeds to step S412. In addition, the payment information processing server 100 may proceed to step S416 only if the terminal information matches the registered terminal information of the corresponding user; otherwise, it may proceed to step S412 or step S418.

[0059] In step S412, the payment information processing server 100 inquires of the corresponding user's mobile terminal 21 whether or not to approve the current payment. This inquiry may be made via the fraudulent payment prevention app. In this case, the fraudulent payment prevention app may send a push notification indicating the current payment information and prompting the user to input whether or not to approve the payment.

[0060] In step S414, payment information processing server 100 determines whether the current payment has been approved based on the user's response to the inquiry in step S412. If the determination result is "YES," the process proceeds to step S416; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S418 after a predetermined waiting time has elapsed. Note that if the online payment has been approved, the registered location range may be automatically updated based on the terminal location information and pre-payment behavior related to the current payment.

[0061] In step S416, the payment information processing server 100 executes the payment processing related to the current payment information.

[0062] In step S418, the payment information processing server 100 sends an error notification to the corresponding store server 31 to prohibit the current payment. In this case, the payment that was being performed at the store server 31 is not completed and an error occurs.

[0063] In this way, according to the example shown in Figure 4, when payment information is acquired, the legitimacy of the payment can be confirmed using an appropriate confirmation method that differs depending on whether the payment is online or not. This makes it possible to provide an appropriate mechanism for preventing fraudulent payments in advance, even for a variety of payment types.

[0064] Figures 5 and 6 are explanatory diagrams of the process in Figure 4, with Figure 5 being an explanatory diagram of payment at a physical store and Figure 6 being an explanatory diagram of payment at a virtual store (online store). In each of Figures 5 and 6, the left side shows a case of malicious fraudulent use, and the right side shows a case of legitimate use.

[0065] As shown in Figure 5, in a physical store, if fraudulent use occurs, the store location information of the payment store and the terminal location information will not match. Therefore, the notification (inquiry) in step S412 allows the user (legitimate user) to suspect the possibility of fraudulent use before payment. When used by a legitimate user, the store location information of the payment store and the terminal location information will match, and payment can be made smoothly as usual.

[0066] As shown in Figure 6, in a virtual store (online store), in the case of fraudulent use, the terminal location information does not match the registered location range, and the terminal information does not match the registered terminal information. As a result, the notification (inquiry) in step S412 allows the user (legitimate user) to suspect the possibility of fraudulent use before payment. When used by a legitimate user, both are consistent, and payment can be made smoothly as usual.

[0067] Although each embodiment has been described in detail above, it is not limited to the specific embodiment, and various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the claims. It is also possible to combine all or a plurality of components of the above-described embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 1. Payment pre-check system 4 Network 21 Mobile devices 23 GPS receiver 24 Display section 25 Rule Memory 26 Location Information Transmission Unit 27 Input section 28 Rule transmission section 31 Store Server 91 Payment Management Server 100 Payment information processing server 150 Location information acquisition section 152 Payment Information Acquisition Department 154 Pre-payment behavior derivation part 156 Payment validity confirmation unit (example of validity confirmation unit) 158 Payment Processing Unit 160 User Information Database 162 Registered Device Information Database

Claims

1. a location information acquisition unit that acquires location information associated with a user, the location information being transmitted in accordance with a predetermined rule that can be changed by the user; An information processing system comprising: a legitimacy confirmation unit that, when performing payment authentication associated with the user, confirms the legitimacy of the person performing the payment related to the payment authentication based on location information of the store related to the payment and the location information acquired by the location information acquisition unit.

2. The information processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the validity confirmation unit confirms the validity based on the location information at a plurality of most recent points in time acquired by the location information acquisition unit.

3. the location information acquisition unit acquires the location information based on the operation of a function of a predetermined application operable on the user terminal; The information processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined rule can be changed via the predetermined application.

4. The information processing system of claim 1 further comprises a payment processing unit that, when the validity confirmation unit confirms the validity of the person making the payment related to the payment authentication, sends information to the store indicating that the result of the payment authentication is successful, and otherwise sends an inquiry to a terminal registered in correspondence with the user as to whether or not to approve the payment.

5. the location information acquisition unit transmits terminal information of a source of the location information together with the location information; 2. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein the validity confirmation unit further confirms the validity based on the terminal information and registered terminal information registered in association with the user.

6. 2. The information processing system of claim 1, wherein, when the location information acquisition unit acquires the location information transmitted in a manner that does not conform to the specified rules, the validity confirmation unit notifies the user in advance that the information cannot be used, or sends information to the store indicating that the result of the payment authentication was unsuccessful.

7. acquiring location information associated with a user, the location information being transmitted according to a predetermined rule that can be changed by the user; An information processing method executed by a computer, which includes a step of, when performing payment authentication associated with the user, confirming location information of the store related to the payment and the legitimacy of the person performing the payment related to the payment authentication based on the location information.

8. A program for causing a computer to function as each unit included in the information processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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